1
|
Zhong MZ, Peng T, Duarte ML, Wang M, Cai D. Updates on mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:23. [PMID: 38462606 PMCID: PMC10926682 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the United States (US). Animal models, specifically mouse models have been developed to better elucidate disease mechanisms and test therapeutic strategies for AD. A large portion of effort in the field was focused on developing transgenic (Tg) mouse models through over-expression of genetic mutations associated with familial AD (FAD) patients. Newer generations of mouse models through knock-in (KI)/knock-out (KO) or CRISPR gene editing technologies, have been developed for both familial and sporadic AD risk genes with the hope to more accurately model proteinopathies without over-expression of human AD genes in mouse brains. In this review, we summarized the phenotypes of a few commonly used as well as newly developed mouse models in translational research laboratories including the presence or absence of key pathological features of AD such as amyloid and tau pathology, synaptic and neuronal degeneration as well as cognitive and behavior deficits. In addition, advantages and limitations of these AD mouse models have been elaborated along with discussions of any sex-specific features. More importantly, the omics data from available AD mouse models have been analyzed to categorize molecular signatures of each model reminiscent of human AD brain changes, with the hope to guide future selection of most suitable models for specific research questions to be addressed in the AD field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Z Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Thomas Peng
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Science Research Program, Scarsdale High School, New York, NY, 10583, USA
| | - Mariana Lemos Duarte
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Research & Development, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Dongming Cai
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Research & Development, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Neurology, N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Geriatric Research Education & Clinical Center (GRECC), The Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Afsar A, Chacon Castro MDC, Soladogun AS, Zhang L. Recent Development in the Understanding of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying the Etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087258. [PMID: 37108421 PMCID: PMC10138573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to dementia and patient death. AD is characterized by intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque deposition, and neurodegeneration. Diverse alterations have been associated with AD progression, including genetic mutations, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and metal ion imbalance.Additionally, recent studies have shown an association between altered heme metabolism and AD. Unfortunately, decades of research and drug development have not produced any effective treatments for AD. Therefore, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying AD pathology and identifying potential therapeutic targets are crucial for AD drug development. This review discusses the most common alterations associated with AD and promising therapeutic targets for AD drug discovery. Furthermore, it highlights the role of heme in AD development and summarizes mathematical models of AD, including a stochastic mathematical model of AD and mathematical models of the effect of Aβ on AD. We also summarize the potential treatment strategies that these models can offer in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Afsar
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | | | | | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
De Kort AM, Kuiperij HB, Kersten I, Versleijen AA, Schreuder FH, Van Nostrand WE, Greenberg SM, Klijn CJ, Claassen JA, Verbeek MM. Normal cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of PDGFRβ in patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:1788-1796. [PMID: 34874603 PMCID: PMC9787758 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFRβ) has been proposed as a biomarker of blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. We studied PDGFRβ levels as a biomarker for cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), or Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS CSF PDGFRβ levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with CAA, patients with aMCI/AD, and in matched controls. In aMCI/AD we evaluated CSF PDGFRβ both by clinical phenotype and by using the AT(N) biomarker classification system defined by CSF amyloid (A), tau (T), and neurodegeneration (N) biomarkers. RESULTS PDGFRβ levels were similar in CAA patients and controls (P = .78) and in aMCI/AD clinical phenotype and controls (P = .91). aMCI/AD patients with an AD+ biomarker profile (A+T+[N+]) had increased PDGFRβ levels compared to (A-T-[N-]) controls (P = .006). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that PDGFRβ levels are associated with an AD+ biomarker profile but are not a suitable biomarker for CAA or aMCI/AD clinical syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. De Kort
- Department of NeurologyDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud Alzheimer CentreRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - H. Bea Kuiperij
- Department of NeurologyDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud Alzheimer CentreRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands,Department of Laboratory MedicineRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Iris Kersten
- Department of NeurologyDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud Alzheimer CentreRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands,Department of Laboratory MedicineRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Floris H.B.M. Schreuder
- Department of NeurologyDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud Alzheimer CentreRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - William E. Van Nostrand
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for NeuroscienceDepartment of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode IslandUSA
| | - Steven M. Greenberg
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Catharina J.M. Klijn
- Department of NeurologyDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud Alzheimer CentreRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Marcel M. Verbeek
- Department of NeurologyDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud Alzheimer CentreRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands,Department of Laboratory MedicineRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenthe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lanz M, Janeiro MH, Milagro FI, Puerta E, Ludwig IA, Pineda-Lucena A, Ramírez MJ, Solas M. Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) drives insulin resistance and cognitive deficiencies in a senescence accelerated mouse model. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 204:111668. [PMID: 35341897 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been established that ageing is the major risk factor for cognitive deficiency and it is becoming increasingly evident that insulin resistance is another factor. Biological plausibility for a link between insulin resistance and dementia is relevant for understanding disease etiology, and to form bases for prevention efforts to decrease disease burden. In the present study, peripheral and central insulin resistance was found in SAMP8 mice (aging mouse model) accompanied by cognitive deficiencies. Furthermore, a marked peripheral inflammatory state was observed in SAMP8 mice, followed by neuroinflammation that could be due to a higher cytokine leaking into the brain across an aging-disrupted blood brain barrier. Moreover, aging-induced gut dysbiosis produces higher TMAO that could also contribute to the peripheral and central inflammatory tone as well as to the cognitive deficiencies observed in SAMP8 mice. All those alterations were reversed by DMB, a treatment that decreases TMAO levels. Data obtained from this project suggest that microbial dysbiosis and increased TMAO secretion could be a key link between aging, insulin resistance and dementia. Thus, pharmacological intervention that leads to decreased TMAO levels, such as DMB, could open a new avenue for the future treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Lanz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Manuel H Janeiro
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermin I Milagro
- IdISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERobn, CIBER Fisiopatología de Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Puerta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iziar A Ludwig
- Program of Molecular Therapeutics, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Antonio Pineda-Lucena
- Program of Molecular Therapeutics, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J Ramírez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Solas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oto T, Urata K, Hayashi Y, Hitomi S, Shibuta I, Iwata K, Iinuma T, Shinoda M. Age-Related Differences in Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 and 2 Expression Patterns in the Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons Contribute to Changes in the Palatal Mucosal Heat Pain Sensitivity. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2022; 256:283-290. [PMID: 35296569 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.2022.j004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Oto
- Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Kentaro Urata
- Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | | | - Suzuro Hitomi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Ikuko Shibuta
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Toshimitsu Iinuma
- Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Spampinato SF, Takeshita Y, Obermeier B. An In Vitro Model of the Blood-Brain Barrier to Study Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of β-Amyloid and Its Influence on PBMC Infiltration. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2492:333-352. [PMID: 35733055 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2289-6_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly specialized structure, constituted by endothelial cells that together with astrocytes and pericytes provide a functional interface between the central nervous system and the periphery. Several pathological conditions may affect its functions, and lately BBB involvement in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease has been demonstrated. Both endothelial cells and astrocytes can be differentially affected during the course of the disease. In vitro BBB models present a powerful tool in evaluating the effects that β-amyloid (Aβ), or other pathogenic stimuli, play on the BBB at cellular level. In vitro BBB models derived from human cell sources are rare and not easily implemented. We generated two conditionally immortalized human cell lines, brain microvascular endothelial cells (TY10), and astrocytes (hAST), that, when co-cultured under appropriate conditions, exhibit BBB-like characteristics. This model allowed us to evaluate the transmigration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) through the in vitro barrier exposed to Aβ and the role played by astrocytes in the modulation of this phenomenon. We describe here the methodology used in our lab to set up our in vitro model of the BBB and to carry out a PBMC transmigration assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Federica Spampinato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
- Departement of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Universita' di Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Yukio Takeshita
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Evaluation of the prevention and treatment effects of acupuncture-moxibustion for Alzheimer disease based on various mouse models. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE AND TUINA SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11726-021-1239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
8
|
Aging-Related Phenotypic Conversion of Medullary Microglia Enhances Intraoral Incisional Pain Sensitivity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217871. [PMID: 33114176 PMCID: PMC7660637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated microglia involved in the development of orofacial pain hypersensitivity have two major polarization states. The aim of this study was to assess the involvement of the aging-related phenotypic conversion of medullary microglia in the enhancement of intraoral pain sensitivity using senescence-accelerated mice (SAM)-prone/8 (SAMP8) and SAM-resistant/1 (SAMR1) mice. Mechanical head-withdrawal threshold (MHWT) was measured for 21 days post palatal mucosal incision. The number of CD11c-immunoreactive (IR) cells [affective microglia (M1)] and CD163-IR cells [protective microglia (M2)], and tumor-necrosis-factor-α (TNF-α)-IR M1 and interleukin (IL)-10-IR M2 were analyzed via immunohistochemistry on days 3 and 11 following incision. The decrease in MHWT observed following incision was enhanced in SAMP8 mice. M1 levels and the number of TNF-α-IR M1 were increased on day 3 in SAMP8 mice compared with those in SAMR1 mice. On day 11, M1 and M2 activation was observed in both groups, whereas IL-10-IR M2 levels were attenuated in SAMP8 mice, and the number of TNF-α-IR M1 cells increased, compared to those in SAMR1 mice. These results suggest that the mechanical allodynia observed following intraoral injury is potentiated and sustained in SAMP8 mice due to enhancement of TNF-α signaling, M1 activation, and an attenuation of M2 activation accompanying IL-10 release.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu SZ, Masurkar AV, Balcer LJ. Afferent and Efferent Visual Markers of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review and Update in Early Stage Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:572337. [PMID: 33061906 PMCID: PMC7518395 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.572337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vision, which requires extensive neural involvement, is often impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Over the last few decades, accumulating evidence has shown that various visual functions and structures are compromised in Alzheimer's dementia and when measured can detect those with dementia from those with normal aging. These visual changes involve both the afferent and efferent parts of the visual system, which correspond to the sensory and eye movement aspects of vision, respectively. There are fewer, but a growing number of studies, that focus on the detection of predementia stages. Visual biomarkers that detect these stages are paramount in the development of successful disease-modifying therapies by identifying appropriate research participants and in identifying those who would receive future therapies. This review provides a summary and update on common afferent and efferent visual markers of AD with a focus on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and preclinical disease detection. We further propose future directions in this area. Given the ease of performing visual tests, the accessibility of the eye, and advances in ocular technology, visual measures have the potential to be effective, practical, and non-invasive biomarkers of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Z. Wu
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Arjun V. Masurkar
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Laura J. Balcer
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cai Z, Qiao PF, Wan CQ, Cai M, Zhou NK, Li Q. Role of Blood-Brain Barrier in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:1223-1234. [PMID: 29782323 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). BBB is a highly selective semipermeable structural and chemical barrier which ensures a stable internal environment of the brain and prevents foreign objects invading the brain tissue. BBB dysfunction induces the failure of Aβ transport from brain to the peripheral circulation across the BBB. Especially, decreased levels of LRP-1 (low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1) and increased levels of RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation endproducts) at the BBB can cause the failure of Aβ transport. The pathogenesis of AD is related to the BBB structural components, including pericytes, astrocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and tight junctions. BBB dysfunction will trigger neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, then enhance the activity of β-secretase and γ-secretase, and finally promote Aβ generation. A progressive accumulation of Aβ in brain and BBB dysfunction may become a feedback loop that gives rise to cognitive impairment and the onset of dementia. The correlation between BBB dysfunction and tau pathology has been well-reported. Therefore, regulating BBB function may be a new therapeutic target for treating AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyou Cai
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Pei-Feng Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng-Qun Wan
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Cai
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan-Kai Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
McAleese KE, Graham S, Dey M, Walker L, Erskine D, Johnson M, Johnston E, Thomas AJ, McKeith IG, DeCarli C, Attems J. Extravascular fibrinogen in the white matter of Alzheimer's disease and normal aged brains: implications for fibrinogen as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol 2019; 29:414-424. [PMID: 30485582 PMCID: PMC8028661 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulates cerebrovascular permeability and leakage of blood-derived fibrinogen. Dysfunction of the BBB has been associated with cerebral arteriolosclerosis small vessel disease (SVD) and white matter lesions (WML). Furthermore, BBB dysfunction is associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with the presence of CSF plasma proteins suggested to be a potential biomarker of AD. We aimed to determine if extravascular fibrinogen in the white matter was associated with the development of AD hallmark pathologies, i.e., hyperphosphorylated tau (HPτ) and amyloid-β (Aβ), as well as SVD, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and measures of white matter damage. Using human post-mortem brains, parietal tissue from 20 AD and 22 non-demented controls was quantitatively assessed for HPτ, Aβ, white matter damage severity, axonal density, demyelination and the burden of extravascular fibrinogen in both WML and normal appearing white matter (NAWM). SVD severity was determined by calculating sclerotic indices. WML- and NAWM fibrinogen burden was not significantly different between AD and controls nor was it associated with the burden of HPτ or Aβ pathology, or any measures of white matter damage. Increasing severity of SVD was associated with and a predictor of both higher WML- and NAWM fibrinogen burden (all P < 0.05) in controls only. In cases with minimal SVD NAWM fibrinogen burden was significantly higher in the AD cases (P < 0.05). BBB dysfunction was present in both non-demented and AD brains and was not associated with the burden of AD-associated cortical pathologies. BBB dysfunction was strongly associated with SVD but only in the non-demented controls. In cases with minimal SVD, BBB dysfunction was significantly worse in AD cases possibly indicating the influence of CAA. In conclusion, extravascular fibrinogen is not associated with AD hallmark pathologies but indicates SVD, suggesting that the presence of fibrinogen in the CSF is not a surrogate marker for AD pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Graham
- Institute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | | | - Lauren Walker
- Institute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Daniel Erskine
- Institute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Mary Johnson
- Institute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Eleanor Johnston
- Institute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Alan J. Thomas
- Institute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Ian G. McKeith
- Institute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | | | - Johannes Attems
- Institute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Roby DA, Ruiz F, Kermath BA, Voorhees JR, Niehoff M, Zhang J, Morley JE, Musiek ES, Farr SA, Burris TP. Pharmacological activation of the nuclear receptor REV-ERB reverses cognitive deficits and reduces amyloid-β burden in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215004. [PMID: 30973894 PMCID: PMC6459530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease currently lacks treatment options that effectively reverse the biological/anatomical pathology and cognitive deficits associated with the disease. Loss of function of the nuclear receptor REV-ERB is associated with reduced cognitive function in mouse models. The effect of enhanced REV-ERB activity on cognitive function has not been examined. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that enhanced REV-ERB function may enhance cognitive function in a model of Alzheimer's disease. We utilized the REV-ERB agonist SR9009 to pharmacologically activate the activity of REV-ERB in the SAMP8 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. SR9009 reversed cognitive dysfunction of an aged SAMP8 mouse in several behavioral assays including novel object recognition, T-maze foot shock avoidance, and lever press operant conditioning task assessments. SR9009 treatment reduced amyloid-β 1-40 and 1-42 levels in the cortex, which is consistent with improved cognitive function. Furthermore, SR9009 treatment led to increased hippocampal PSD-95, cortical synaptophysin expression and the number of synapses suggesting improvement in synaptic function. We conclude that REV-ERB is a potential target for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A. Roby
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Fernanda Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Bailey A. Kermath
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Jaymie R. Voorhees
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Michael Niehoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - John E. Morley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Erik S. Musiek
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Susan A. Farr
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Thomas P. Burris
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lai AY, McLaurin J. Rho-associated protein kinases as therapeutic targets for both vascular and parenchymal pathologies in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2017; 144:659-668. [PMID: 28722749 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The causes of late-onset Alzheimer's disease are unclear and likely multifactorial. Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCKs) are ubiquitously expressed signaling messengers that mediate a wide array of cellular processes. Interestingly, they play an important role in several vascular and brain pathologies implicated in Alzheimer's etiology, including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, blood-brain barrier disruption, oxidative stress, deposition of vascular and parenchymal amyloid-beta peptides, tau hyperphosphorylation, and cognitive decline. The current review summarizes the functions of ROCKs with respect to the various risk factors and pathologies on both sides of the blood-brain barrier and present support for targeting ROCK signaling as a multifactorial and multi-effect approach for the prevention and amelioration of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. This article is part of the Special Issue "Vascular Dementia".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Y Lai
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - JoAnne McLaurin
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Castano-Prat P, Perez-Zabalza M, Perez-Mendez L, Escorihuela RM, Sanchez-Vives MV. Slow and Fast Neocortical Oscillations in the Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Model SAMP8. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:141. [PMID: 28620295 PMCID: PMC5449444 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) model is characterized by accelerated, progressive cognitive decline as well as Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like neurodegenerative changes, and resembles the etiology of multicausal, sporadic late-onset/age-related AD in humans. Our aim was to find whether these AD-like pathological features, together with the cognitive deficits present in the SAMP8 strain, are accompanied by disturbances in cortical network activity with respect to control mice (SAM resistance 1, SAMR1) and, if so, how the alterations in cortical activity progress with age. For this purpose, we characterized the extracellular spontaneous oscillatory activity in different regions of the cerebral cortex of SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice under ketamine anesthesia at 5 and 7 months of age. Under these conditions, slow oscillations and fast rhythms generated in the cortical network were recorded and different parameters of these oscillations were quantified and compared between SAMP8 and their control, SAMR1 mice. The average frequency of slow oscillations in SAMP8 mice was decreased with respect to the control mice at both studied ages. An elongation of the silent periods or Down states was behind the decreased slow oscillatory frequency while the duration of active or Up states remained stable. SAMP8 mice also presented increased cycle variability and reduced high frequency components during Down states. During Up states, the power peak in the gamma range was displaced towards lower frequencies in all the cortical areas of SAMP8 with respect to control mice suggesting that the spectral profile of SAMP8 animals is shifted towards lower frequencies. This shift is reminiscent to one of the principal hallmarks of electroencephalography (EEG) abnormalities in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, and adds evidence in support of the suitability of the SAMP8 mouse as a model of this disease. Although some of the differences between SAMP8 and control mice were emphasized with age, the evolution of the studied parameters as SAMR1 mice got older indicates that the SAMR1 phenotype tends to converge with that of SAMP8 animals. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic characterization of the cortical slow and fast rhythms in the SAMP8 strain and it provides useful insights about the cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying the reported alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Castano-Prat
- Systems Neuroscience, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Perez-Zabalza
- Systems Neuroscience, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Perez-Mendez
- Systems Neuroscience, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Escorihuela
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Maria V Sanchez-Vives
- Systems Neuroscience, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Barcelona, Spain.,ICREABarcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Akiguchi I, Pallàs M, Budka H, Akiyama H, Ueno M, Han J, Yagi H, Nishikawa T, Chiba Y, Sugiyama H, Takahashi R, Unno K, Higuchi K, Hosokawa M. SAMP8 mice as a neuropathological model of accelerated brain aging and dementia: Toshio Takeda's legacy and future directions. Neuropathology 2017; 37:293-305. [PMID: 28261874 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Senescence accelerated mice P8 (SAMP8) show significant age-related deteriorations in memory and learning ability in accordance with early onset and rapid advancement of senescence. Brains of SAMP8 mice reveal an age-associated increase of PAS-positive granular structures in the hippocampal formation and astrogliosis in the brain stem and hippocampus. A spongy degeneration in the brain stem appears at 1 month of age and reaches a maximum at 4-8 months. In addition, clusters of activated microglia also appear around the vacuoles in the brain stem. β/A4(Aβ) protein-like immunoreactive granular structures are observed in various regions and increase in number markedly with age. Other age-associated histological changes include cortical atrophy, neuronal cell loss in locus coeruleus and lateral tegmental nuclei, intraneuronal accumulation of lipopigments in Purkinje cells and eosinophilic inclusion bodies in thalamic neurons. A blood-brain barrier dysfunction and astrogliosis are also prominent with advancing age in the hippocampus. These changes are generally similar to the pathomorphology of aging human brains and characterized by their association with some specific glioneuronal reactions. As for the hallmarks of Alzheimer brains, tau morphology has not yet been confirmed regardless of the age-related increase in phosphorylated tau in SAMP8 mice brains, but early age-related Aβ deposition in the hippocampus has recently been published. SAMP8 mice are, therefore, not only a senescence-accelerated model but also a promising model for Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Akiguchi
- Center of Neurological and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Koseikai Takeda Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Health Science, Kyoto Koka Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Pharmacology Section and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Herbert Budka
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Department of Clinical Research, Yokohama Brain and Spine Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Department of Pathology and Host Defence, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Jingxian Han
- The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hideo Yagi
- Center of Neurological and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Koseikai Takeda Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohumi Nishikawa
- Department of Health Science, Kyoto Koka Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoichi Chiba
- Department of Pathology and Host Defence, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan
| | | | - Ryoya Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiko Unno
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Higuchi
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masanori Hosokawa
- Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cao Y, Yan Z, Zhou T, Wang G. SIRT1 Regulates Cognitive Performance and Ability of Learning and Memory in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Models. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:7121827. [PMID: 29164153 PMCID: PMC5661098 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7121827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex age-related metabolic disease. Cognitive dysfunction and learning and memory deficits are main characteristics of age-related metabolic diseases in the central nervous system. The underlying mechanisms contributing to cognitive decline are complex, especially cognitive dysfunction associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. SIRT1, as one of the modulators in insulin resistance, is indispensable for learning and memory. In the present study, deacetylation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, microRNA, and tau phosphorylation are considered in the context of mechanism and significance of SIRT1 in learning and memory in diabetic and nondiabetic murine models. In addition, future research directions in this field are discussed, including therapeutic potential of its activator, resveratrol, and application of other compounds in cognitive improvement. Our findings suggest that SIRT1 might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cognitive impairment induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zi Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Deng B, Li L, Gou X, Xu H, Zhao Z, Wang Q, Xu L. TAT-PEP Enhanced Neurobehavioral Functional Recovery by Facilitating Axonal Regeneration and Corticospinal Tract Projection After Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 55:652-667. [PMID: 27987133 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB) has been identified as a new receptor for myelin-associated inhibitory (MAI) proteins, which may play important role in axonal regeneration and corticospinal tract (CST) projection associated with neurobehavioral function recovery after stroke. Here, we found that the expression of PirB was increased in the cortical penumbra from 1 to 28 days after transient focal cerebral ischemic reperfusion of rats. Then, transactivator of transcription-PirB extracellular peptide (TAT-PEP) was generated that might block the interactions between MAIs and PirB. The results showed that TAT-PEP displayed high affinity for MAIs and ameliorated their inhibitory effect on neurite growth. Furthermore, TAT-PEP can widely distribute in the penumbra after intraperitoneal injection. Then, we found that TAT-PEP enhanced neurite growth and alleviated growth cone collapse after oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) injury. In addition, TAT-PEP promoted long-term neurobehavioral functional recovery through enhancing axonal regeneration and CST projection. Finally, the observations demonstrated that POSH/RhoA/growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) as PirB-associated downstream signaling molecules played important role in neurobehavioral functional recovery after stroke. Moreover, the underlying mechanism associated with TAT-PEP-mediated promoting axonal regeneration and CST projection was by intervening in the expression of POSH, RhoA, and GAP43. These studies suggest that TAT-PEP may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy against stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Liya Li
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- The Laboratory of Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Hao Xu
- The Laboratory of Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zhaohua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China.
| | - Lixian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hansen HH, Fabricius K, Barkholt P, Niehoff ML, Morley JE, Jelsing J, Pyke C, Knudsen LB, Farr SA, Vrang N. The GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Liraglutide Improves Memory Function and Increases Hippocampal CA1 Neuronal Numbers in a Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 46:877-88. [PMID: 25869785 PMCID: PMC4878312 DOI: 10.3233/jad-143090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, currently used in the management of type 2 diabetes, exhibit neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects in amyloid-β (Aβ) toxicity models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We investigated the potential pro-cognitive and neuroprotective effects of the once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice, a model of age-related sporadic AD not dominated by amyloid plaques. Six-month-old SAMP8 mice received liraglutide (100 or 500 μg/kg/day, s.c.) or vehicle once daily for 4 months. Vehicle-dosed age-matched 50% back-crossed as well as untreated young (4-month-old) SAMP8 mice were used as control groups for normal memory function. Vehicle-dosed 10-month-old SAMP8 mice showed significant learning and memory retention deficits in an active-avoidance T-maze, as compared to both control groups. Also, 10-month-old SAMP8 mice displayed no immunohistological signatures of amyloid-β plaques or hyperphosphorylated tau, indicating the onset of cognitive deficits prior to deposition of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in this AD model. Liraglutide significantly increased memory retention and total hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neuron numbers in SAMP8 mice, as compared to age-matched vehicle-dosed SAMP8 mice. In conclusion, liraglutide delayed or partially halted the progressive decline in memory function associated with hippocampal neuronal loss in a mouse model of pathological aging with characteristics of neurobehavioral and neuropathological impairments observed in early-stage sporadic AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John E Morley
- St. Louis University, Division of Geriatrics, St. Louis, MO, USA.,St. Louis University School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Charles Pyke
- Diabetes Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | - Susan A Farr
- St. Louis University, Division of Geriatrics, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Periodic acid-Schiff granules in the brain of aged mice: From amyloid aggregates to degenerative structures containing neo-epitopes. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 27:42-55. [PMID: 26970374 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Brain ageing in mice leads to the progressive appearance and expansion of degenerative granular structures frequently referred as "PAS granules" because of their positive staining with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). PAS granules are present mainly in the hippocampus, although they have also been described in other brain areas such as piriform and entorhinal cortices, and have been observed in other mammals than mice, like rats and monkeys. PAS granules have been identified as a wide range of brain deposits related to numerous neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyloid deposits, neurofibrillary tangles, Lafora bodies, corpora amylacea and polyglucosan bodies, and these identifications have generated controversy and particular theories about them. We have recently reported the presence of a neo-epitope in mice hippocampal PAS granules and the existence of natural IgM auto-antibodies directed against the neo-epitope in the plasma of the animals. The significance of the neo-epitope and the autoantibodies is discussed in this review. Moreover, we observed that the IgM anti-neo-epitope is frequently present as a contaminant in numerous commercial antibodies and is responsible of a considerable amount of false positive immunostainings, which may produce misinterpretations in the identification of the granules. Now that this point has been clarified, this article reviews and reconsiders the nature and physiopathological significance of these degenerative granules. Moreover, we suggest that neo-epitopes may turn into a useful brain-ageing biomarker and that autoimmunity could become a new focus in the study of age-related degenerative processes.
Collapse
|
20
|
Yao L, Gu X, Song Q, Wang X, Huang M, Hu M, Hou L, Kang T, Chen J, Chen H, Gao X. Nanoformulated alpha-mangostin ameliorates Alzheimer's disease neuropathology by elevating LDLR expression and accelerating amyloid-beta clearance. J Control Release 2016; 226:1-14. [PMID: 26836197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is now representing one of the largest global healthcare challenges. However, an effective therapy is still lacking. Accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the brain is supposed to trigger pathogenic cascades that eventually lead to AD. Therefore, Aβ clearance strategy is being actively pursued as a promising disease modifying therapy. Here, we found that α-mangostin (α-M), a polyphenolic xanthone derivative from mangosteen, up-regulated low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression in microglia and liver cells, and efficiently facilitated Aβ clearance. However, the in vivo application of α-M is limited due to its hydrophobic nature, poor aqueous solubility and stability, and thus low bioavailability and accumulation in the target organs. To overcome this limitation, α-M was encapsulated into the core of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(l-lactide) (PEG-PLA) nanoparticles [NP(α-M)]. Such nanoencapsulation improved the biodistribution of α-M in both the brain and liver, enhanced the brain clearance of (125)I-radiolabeled Aβ1-42 in an LDLR-dependent manner, reduced Aβ deposition, attenuated neuroinflammatory responses, ameliorated neurologic changes and reversed behavioral deficits in AD model mice. These findings justified the concept that polyphenol-mediated modulation of LDLR expression might serve as a safe and efficient disease-modifying therapy for AD by accelerating Aβ clearance. It also demonstrated the powerful capacity of nanotechnology in modulating the biodistribution behavior of drug to improve its therapeutic efficacy in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Xiao Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Qingxiang Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Meng Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Meng Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Lina Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Ting Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Porquet D, Andrés-Benito P, Griñán-Ferré C, Camins A, Ferrer I, Canudas AM, Del Valle J, Pallàs M. Amyloid and tau pathology of familial Alzheimer's disease APP/PS1 mouse model in a senescence phenotype background (SAMP8). AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:9747. [PMID: 25663420 PMCID: PMC4320125 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has provided robust neuropathological hallmarks of familial AD-like pattern at early ages, whereas senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) has a remarkable early senescence phenotype with pathological similarities to AD. The aim of this study was the investigation and characterization of cognitive and neuropathological AD markers in a novel mouse model that combines the characteristics of the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model with a senescence-accelerated background of SAMP8 mice. Initially, significant differences were found regarding amyloid plaque formation and cognitive abnormalities. Bearing these facts in mind, we determined a general characterization of the main AD brain molecular markers, such as alterations in amyloid pathway, neuroinflammation, and hyperphosphorylation of tau in these mice along their lifetimes. Results from this analysis revealed that APP/PS1 in SAMP8 background mice showed alterations in the pathways studied in comparison with SAMP8 and APP/PS1, demonstrating that a senescence-accelerated background exacerbated the amyloid pathology and maintained the cognitive dysfunction present in APP/PS1 mice. Changes in tau pathology, including the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK3β), differs, but not in a parallel manner, with amyloid disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Porquet
- />Secció de Farmacologia, Departament Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - P. Andrés-Benito
- />Secció de Farmacologia, Departament Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Griñán-Ferré
- />Secció de Farmacologia, Departament Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Camins
- />Secció de Farmacologia, Departament Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Ferrer
- />Institut de Neuropatologia de l’Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08907 Bellvitge, Barcelona Spain
- />Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - A. M. Canudas
- />Secció de Farmacologia, Departament Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Del Valle
- />Secció de Farmacologia, Departament Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Grup de Neuroplasticitat i Regeneració, Institut de Neurociències i Departament de Biologia cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
- />Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- />Secció de Farmacologia, Departament Farmacologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sanchez-Roige S, Lalanza JF, Alvarez-López MJ, Cosín-Tomás M, Griñan-Ferré C, Pallàs M, Kaliman P, Escorihuela RM. Long-term wheel running changes on sensorimotor activity and skeletal muscle in male and female mice of accelerated senescence. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9697. [PMID: 25129573 PMCID: PMC4159468 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9697-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) is considered a useful non-transgenic model for studying aspects of aging. Using SAM resistant 1 (SAMR1) as controls, the long-term effects of wheel running on skeletal muscle adaptations and behavioral traits were evaluated in senescent (P8) and resistant (R1) male and female mice. Long-term wheel running (WR) led to increases in locomotor activity, benefits in sensorimotor function, and changes in body weight in a gender-dependent manner. WR increased body weight and baseline levels of locomotor activity in female mice and improved balance and strength in male mice, compared to sedentary-control mice. WR resulted in key metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle, associated with an increased activity of the sirtuin 1-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-PGC-1 alpha axis and changes in vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa), glucose transporter type 4 (Glut4), and Cluster of Differentiation 36 (Cd36) gene expression. Overall, our data indicate that activity, balance, and strength decrease with age and that long-term WR may significantly improve the motor function in a mouse model of senescence in a gender-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaume F. Lalanza
- />Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - María Jesús Alvarez-López
- />Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Nucli Universitari de Pedralbes, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cosín-Tomás
- />Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Nucli Universitari de Pedralbes, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Griñan-Ferré
- />Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Nucli Universitari de Pedralbes, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Merce Pallàs
- />Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Nucli Universitari de Pedralbes, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Perla Kaliman
- />Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Escorihuela
- />Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Alvarez-López MJ, Molina-Martínez P, Castro-Freire M, Cosín-Tomás M, Cristòfol R, Párrizas M, Escorihuela RM, Pallàs M, Sanfeliu C, Kaliman P. Rcor2 underexpression in senescent mice: a target for inflammaging? J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:126. [PMID: 25051986 PMCID: PMC4128581 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is characterized by a low-grade systemic inflammation that contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, little knowledge is currently available on the molecular processes leading to chronic neuroinflammation. In this context, recent studies have described the role of chromatin regulators in inflammation and longevity including the REST corepressor (Rcor)-2 factor, which seems to be involved in an inflammatory suppressive program. Methods To assess the impact of Rcor2 in age-related inflammation, gene expression levels were quantified in different tissues and ages of the spontaneous senescence-accelerated P8 mouse (P8) using the SAMR1 mouse (R1) as a control. Specific siRNA transfection in P8 and R1 astrocyte cultures was used to determine Rcor2 involvement in the modulation of neuroinflammation. The effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment on Rcor2 levels and neuroinflammation was analyzed both in vivo and in vitro. Results P8 mice presented a dramatic decrease in Rcor2 gene expression compared with R1 controls in splenocytes, an alteration also observed in the brain cortex, hippocampus and primary astrocytes of these mice. Rcor2 reduction in astrocytes was accompanied by an increased basal expression of the interleukin (Il)-6 gene. Strikingly, intraperitoneal LPS injection in R1 mice downregulated Rcor2 in the hippocampus, with a concomitant upregulation of tumor necrosis factor (Tnf-α), Il1-β and Il6 genes. A negative correlation between Rcor2 and Il6 gene expression was also verified in LPS-treated C6 glioma cells. Knock down of Rcor2 by siRNA transfection (siRcor2) in R1 astrocytes upregulated Il6 gene expression while siRcor2 further increased Il6 expression in P8 astrocytes. Moreover, LPS activation provoked a further downregulation of Rcor2 and an amplified induction of Il6 in siRcor2-tranfected astrocytes. Conclusions Data presented here show interplay between Rcor2 downregulation and increased inflammation and suggest that Rcor2 may be a key regulator of inflammaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Perla Kaliman
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosellón 149, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cosín-Tomás M, Alvarez-López MJ, Sanchez-Roige S, Lalanza JF, Bayod S, Sanfeliu C, Pallàs M, Escorihuela RM, Kaliman P. Epigenetic alterations in hippocampus of SAMP8 senescent mice and modulation by voluntary physical exercise. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:51. [PMID: 24688469 PMCID: PMC3960508 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The senescence-accelerated SAMP8 mouse model displays features of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. With the purpose of identifying potential epigenetic markers involved in aging and neurodegeneration, here we analyzed the expression of 84 mature miRNAs, the expression of histone-acetylation regulatory genes and the global histone acetylation in the hippocampus of 8-month-old SAMP8 mice, using SAMR1 mice as control. We also examined the modulation of these parameters by 8 weeks of voluntary exercise. Twenty-one miRNAs were differentially expressed between sedentary SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice and seven miRNAs were responsive to exercise in both strains. SAMP8 mice showed alterations in genes involved in protein acetylation homeostasis such as Sirt1 and Hdac6 and modulation of Hdac3 and Hdac5 gene expression by exercise. Global histone H3 acetylation levels were reduced in SAMP8 compared with SAMR1 mice and reached control levels in response to exercise. In sum, data presented here provide new candidate epigenetic markers for aging and neurodegeneration and suggest that exercise training may prevent or delay some epigenetic alterations associated with accelerated aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cosín-Tomás
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia Institut de Biomedicina Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Nucli Universitari de Pedralbes Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J Alvarez-López
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia Institut de Biomedicina Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Nucli Universitari de Pedralbes Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Neurociencias, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume F Lalanza
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Neurociencias, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Bayod
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia Institut de Biomedicina Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Nucli Universitari de Pedralbes Barcelona, Spain
| | - Coral Sanfeliu
- Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Merce Pallàs
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia Institut de Biomedicina Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Nucli Universitari de Pedralbes Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Escorihuela
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Neurociencias, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Perla Kaliman
- Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cheng XR, Zhou WX, Zhang YX. The behavioral, pathological and therapeutic features of the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 strain as an Alzheimer's disease animal model. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 13:13-37. [PMID: 24269312 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a widespread and devastating progressive neurodegenerative disease. Disease-modifying treatments remain beyond reach, and the etiology of the disease is uncertain. Animal model are essential for identifying disease mechanisms and developing effective therapeutic strategies. Research on AD is currently being carried out in rodent models. The most common transgenic mouse model mimics familial AD, which accounts for a small percentage of cases. The senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) strain is a spontaneous animal model of accelerated aging. Many studies indicate that SAMP8 mice harbor the behavioral and histopathological signatures of AD, namely AD-like cognitive and behavioral alterations, neuropathological phenotypes (neuron and dendrite spine loss, spongiosis, gliosis and cholinergic deficits in the forebrain), β-amyloid deposits resembling senile plaques, and aberrant hyperphosphorylation of Tau-like neurofibrillary tangles. SAMP8 mice are useful in the development of novel therapies, and many pharmacological agents and approaches are effective in SAMP8 mice. SAMP8 mice are considered a robust model for exploring the etiopathogenesis of sporadic AD and a plausible experimental model for developing preventative and therapeutic treatments for late-onset/age-related AD, which accounts for the vast majority of cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-rui Cheng
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wen-xia Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Yong-xiang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects all age groups in a population and is an injury generating scientific interest not only as an acute event, but also as a complex brain disease with several underlying neurobehavioral and neuropathological characteristics. We review early and long-term alterations after juvenile and adult TBI with a focus on changes in the neurovascular unit (NVU), including neuronal interactions with glia and blood vessels at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Post-traumatic changes in cerebral blood-flow, BBB structures and function, as well as mechanistic pathways associated with brain aging and neurodegeneration are presented from clinical and experimental reports. Based on the literature, increased attention on BBB changes should be integrated in studies characterizing TBI outcome and may provide a meaningful therapeutic target to resolve detrimental post-traumatic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Pop
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sillerud LO, Solberg NO, Chamberlain R, Orlando RA, Heidrich JE, Brown DC, Brady CI, Vander Jagt TA, Garwood M, Vander Jagt DL. SPION-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of Alzheimer's disease plaques in AβPP/PS-1 transgenic mouse brain. J Alzheimers Dis 2013; 34:349-65. [PMID: 23229079 DOI: 10.3233/jad-121171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In our program to develop non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we have synthesized antibody-conjugated, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for use as an in vivo agent for MRI detection of amyloid-β plaques in AD. Here we report studies in AβPP/PS1 transgenic mice, which demonstrate the ability of novel anti-AβPP conjugated SPIONs to penetrate the blood-brain barrier to act as a contrast agent for MR imaging of plaques. The conspicuity of the plaques increased from an average Z-score of 5.1 ± 0.5 to 8.3 ± 0.2 when the plaque contrast to noise ratio was compared in control AD mice with AD mice treated with SPIONs. The number of MRI-visible plaques per brain increased from 347 ± 45 in the control AD mice, to 668 ± 86 in the SPION treated mice. These results indicated that our SPION enhanced amyloid-β detection method delivers an efficacious, non-invasive MRI detection method in transgenic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurel O Sillerud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Porquet D, Casadesús G, Bayod S, Vicente A, Canudas AM, Vilaplana J, Pelegrí C, Sanfeliu C, Camins A, Pallàs M, del Valle J. Dietary resveratrol prevents Alzheimer's markers and increases life span in SAMP8. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1851-65. [PMID: 23129026 PMCID: PMC3776096 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a polyphenol that is mainly found in grapes and red wine and has been reported to be a caloric restriction (CR) mimetic driven by Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activation. Resveratrol increases metabolic rate, insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial biogenesis and physical endurance, and reduces fat accumulation in mice. In addition, resveratrol may be a powerful agent to prevent age-associated neurodegeneration and to improve cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Moreover, different findings support the view that longevity in mice could be promoted by CR. In this study, we examined the role of dietary resveratrol in SAMP8 mice, a model of age-related AD. We found that resveratrol supplements increased mean life expectancy and maximal life span in SAMP8 and in their control, the related strain SAMR1. In addition, we examined the resveratrol-mediated neuroprotective effects on several specific hallmarks of AD. We found that long-term dietary resveratrol activates AMPK pathways and pro-survival routes such as SIRT1 in vivo. It also reduces cognitive impairment and has a neuroprotective role, decreasing the amyloid burden and reducing tau hyperphosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Porquet
- />Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Av. Joan XXIII s/n., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Casadesús
- />Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Sergi Bayod
- />Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Av. Joan XXIII s/n., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Vicente
- />Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Av. Joan XXIII s/n., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna M. Canudas
- />Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Av. Joan XXIII s/n., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Vilaplana
- />Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Pelegrí
- />Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Coral Sanfeliu
- />Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- />Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Av. Joan XXIII s/n., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- />Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Av. Joan XXIII s/n., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avd. Diagonal, 643-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume del Valle
- />Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Av. Joan XXIII s/n., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- />Grup de Neuroplasticitat i Regeneració, Institut de Neurociències i Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Targeted delivery of neurogenin-2 protein in the treatment for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biomaterials 2013; 34:8786-97. [PMID: 23942209 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenin-2 (Ngn2), as a proneural gene that promotes the survival and differentiation of neural precursor cells, is an attractive candidate for therapy against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the delivery approach limits its clinical application. To deliver Ngn2 protein into the cerebral ischemic region and exert a therapeutic effect on injured neurons after ischemia, we here reported that the fusion protein TAT-LBD-Ngn2 was constructed by fusing a transactivator of transcription (TAT) domain and a laminin-binding domain (LBD) to Ngn2. TAT-LBD-Ngn2 promoted the outgrowth of neuronal neurite, increased the survival rate and alleviated apoptosis of hippocampal neurons exposed to oxygen glucose deprivation in vitro. Furthermore, a focal cerebral ischemia model in C57BL/6 mice showed that TAT-LBD-Ngn2 efficiently crossed the blood brain barrier, aggregated in the ischemic zone and was consistently incorporated into neurons. Moreover, TAT-LBD-Ngn2 transduced into brains attenuated neuronal degeneration and apoptosis in the ischemic zone. TAT-LBD-Ngn2 treatment resulted in a reduction of infarct volume that was associated with a parallel improvement in neurological functional outcomes after reperfusion. In conclusion, the targeted delivery of TAT-LBD-Ngn2 into the ischemic zone attenuated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through the inhibition of neuronal degeneration and apoptosis, suggesting that TAT-LBD-Ngn2 is a promising target candidate for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Early brain injury alters the blood-brain barrier phenotype in parallel with β-amyloid and cognitive changes in adulthood. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013; 33:205-14. [PMID: 23149553 PMCID: PMC3564189 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Clinical studies suggest that traumatic brain injury (TBI) hastens cognitive decline and development of neuropathology resembling brain aging. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption following TBI may contribute to the aging process by deregulating substance exchange between the brain and blood. We evaluated the effect of juvenile TBI (jTBI) on these processes by examining long-term alterations of BBB proteins, β-amyloid (Aβ) neuropathology, and cognitive changes. A controlled cortical impact was delivered to the parietal cortex of male rats at postnatal day 17, with behavioral studies and brain tissue evaluation at 60 days post-injury (dpi). Immunoglobulin G extravasation was unchanged, and jTBI animals had higher levels of tight-junction protein claudin 5 versus shams, suggesting the absence of BBB disruption. However, decreased P-glycoprotein (P-gp) on cortical blood vessels indicates modifications of BBB properties. In parallel, we observed higher levels of endogenous rodent Aβ in several brain regions of the jTBI group versus shams. In addition at 60 dpi, jTBI animals displayed systematic search strategies rather than relying on spatial memory during the water maze. Together, these alterations to the BBB phenotype after jTBI may contribute to the accumulation of toxic products, which in turn may induce cognitive differences and ultimately accelerate brain aging.
Collapse
|
32
|
Wu B, Ueno M, Kusaka T, Miki T, Nagai Y, Nakagawa T, Kanenishi K, Hosomi N, Sakamoto H. CD36 expression in the brains of SAMP8. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2013; 56:75-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
33
|
Currais A, Prior M, Lo D, Jolivalt C, Schubert D, Maher P. Diabetes exacerbates amyloid and neurovascular pathology in aging-accelerated mice. Aging Cell 2012; 11:1017-26. [PMID: 22938075 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence supports a link between diabetes, cognitive dysfunction, and aging. However, the physiological mechanisms by which diabetes impacts brain function and cognition are not fully understood. To determine how diabetes contributes to cognitive dysfunction and age-associated pathology, we used streptozotocin to induce type 1 diabetes (T1D) in senescence-accelerated prone 8 (SAMP8) and senescence-resistant 1 (SAMR1) mice. Contextual fear conditioning demonstrated that T1D resulted in the development of cognitive deficits in SAMR1 mice similar to those seen in age-matched, nondiabetic SAMP8 mice. No further cognitive deficits were observed when the SAMP8 mice were made diabetic. T1D dramatically increased Aβ and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice and to a lesser extent in age-matched SAMR1 mice. Further analysis revealed aggregated Aβ within astrocyte processes surrounding vessels. Western blot analyses from T1D SAMP8 mice showed elevated amyloid precursor protein processing and protein glycation along with increased inflammation. T1D elevated tau phosphorylation in the SAMR1 mice but did not further increase it in the SAMP8 mice where it was already significantly higher. These data suggest that aberrant glucose metabolism potentiates the aging phenotype in old mice and contributes to early stage central nervous system pathology in younger animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Currais
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pallàs M. Senescence-Accelerated Mice P8: A Tool to Study Brain Aging and Alzheimer's Disease in a Mouse Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/917167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The causes of aging remain unknown, but they are probably intimately linked to a multifactorial process that affects cell networks to varying degrees. Although a growing number of aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) animal models are available, a more comprehensive and physiological mouse model is required. In this context, the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) has a number of advantages, since its rapid physiological senescence means that it has about half the normal lifespan of a rodent. In addition, according to data gathered over the last five years, some of its behavioral traits and histopathology resemble AD human dementia. SAMP8 has remarkable pathological similarities to AD and may prove to be an excellent model for acquiring more in-depth knowledge of the age-related neurodegenerative processes behind brain senescence and AD in particular. We review these facts and particularly the data on parameters related to neurodegeneration. SAMP8 also shows signs of aging in the immune, vascular, and metabolic systems, among others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Pallàs
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòosia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona y Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Nucli Universitari de Pedralbes, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|