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Radchenko EA, Aksenova AY, Volkov KV, Shishkin AA, Pavlov YI, Mirkin SM. Partners in crime: Tbf1 and Vid22 promote expansions of long human telomeric repeats at an interstitial chromosome position in yeast. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac080. [PMID: 35832866 PMCID: PMC9272169 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In humans, telomeric repeats (TTAGGG)n are known to be present at internal chromosomal sites. These interstitial telomeric sequences (ITSs) are an important source of genomic instability, including repeat length polymorphism, but the molecular mechanisms responsible for this instability remain to be understood. Here, we studied the mechanisms responsible for expansions of human telomeric (Htel) repeats that were artificially inserted inside a yeast chromosome. We found that Htel repeats in an interstitial chromosome position are prone to expansions. The propensity of Htel repeats to expand depends on the presence of a complex of two yeast proteins: Tbf1 and Vid22. These two proteins are physically bound to an interstitial Htel repeat, and together they slow replication fork progression through it. We propose that slow progression of the replication fork through the protein complex formed by the Tbf1 and Vid22 partners at the Htel repeat cause DNA strand slippage, ultimately resulting in repeat expansions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kirill V Volkov
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | | | - Youri I Pavlov
- Eppley Institute for Research In Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Aksenova AY, Mirkin SM. At the Beginning of the End and in the Middle of the Beginning: Structure and Maintenance of Telomeric DNA Repeats and Interstitial Telomeric Sequences. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10020118. [PMID: 30764567 PMCID: PMC6410037 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tandem DNA repeats derived from the ancestral (TTAGGG)n run were first detected at chromosome ends of the majority of living organisms, hence the name telomeric DNA repeats. Subsequently, it has become clear that telomeric motifs are also present within chromosomes, and they were suitably called interstitial telomeric sequences (ITSs). It is well known that telomeric DNA repeats play a key role in chromosome stability, preventing end-to-end fusions and precluding the recurrent DNA loss during replication. Recent data suggest that ITSs are also important genomic elements as they confer its karyotype plasticity. In fact, ITSs appeared to be among the most unstable microsatellite sequences as they are highly length polymorphic and can trigger chromosomal fragility and gross chromosomal rearrangements. Importantly, mechanisms responsible for their instability appear to be similar to the mechanisms that maintain the length of genuine telomeres. This review compares the mechanisms of maintenance and dynamic properties of telomeric repeats and ITSs and discusses the implications of these dynamics on genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Y Aksenova
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Sergei M Mirkin
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02421, USA.
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Russo P, Prinzi G, Proietti S, Lamonaca P, Frustaci A, Boccia S, Amore R, Lorenzi M, Onder G, Marzetti E, Valdiglesias V, Guadagni F, Valente MG, Cascio GL, Fraietta S, Ducci G, Bonassi S. Shorter telomere length in schizophrenia: Evidence from a real-world population and meta-analysis of most recent literature. Schizophr Res 2018; 202:37-45. [PMID: 30001973 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic mental disorder. Schizophrenia is visualized as an accelerated cellular aging syndrome characterized by early onset of cardiovascular disease causing premature mortality. In human aging involves alterations in telomere length (TL). To investigate the presence of TL shortening in schizophrenia and psychiatric syndromes associated, this condition was studied in leukocytes (LTL) of a sample of patients suffering from schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, and compared with a group of non-psychiatric controls. We explored the relationship between LTL and age, gender, and smoking habit with the aim to control whether these potential confounding factors may influence the rate of telomeres shortening. We also performed a new comprehensive meta-analysis including studies on LTL in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy subjects published in the last two years and the results of the present study. Our results suggest that a diagnosis of schizophrenia, more than gender, age, cigarette smoking or alcohol drinking, is the most important condition responsible of the LTL shortening. A strong LTL shortening was observed in patients affected by schizophrenia, Schizoaffective disorder, and Psychosis not otherwise specified when they were younger than 50 years, while in the group of older subjects no major differences were observed. Additional evidence supporting the causal link of schizophrenia with accelerated telomeres shortening came from the analysis of the updated meta-analysis. The availability of a personalized profile of mechanistic pathways, risk factors, and clinical features may pose the basis for a rehabilitative treatment addressing individual needs of the psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Russo
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy
| | - Giulia Prinzi
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy
| | - Stefania Proietti
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy
| | - Palma Lamonaca
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy
| | - Alessandra Frustaci
- Specialist Services-Eating Disorders, Barnet and Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust, St. Ann's Hospitals, St. Ann's Road, N15 3TH, London, UK
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Section of Hygiene-Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, RM, Italy
| | - Rosarita Amore
- Section of Hygiene-Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, RM, Italy
| | - Maria Lorenzi
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, RM, Italy
| | - Graziano Onder
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, RM, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, RM, Italy
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Universidade de A Coruña, Campus Elviña, s/n -15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Fiorella Guadagni
- Interinstitutional Multidisciplinary Biobank (BioBIM), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy; San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Valente
- Interinstitutional Multidisciplinary Biobank (BioBIM), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy
| | - Gerland Lo Cascio
- San Raffaele Montecompatri, Via San Silvestro 67, 00077 Montecompatri, RM, Italy
| | - Sara Fraietta
- Mental Health Department, ASL Roma 1, Piazza Santa Maria della Pietà 5, RM, 00135, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ducci
- Mental Health Department, ASL Roma 1, Piazza Santa Maria della Pietà 5, RM, 00135, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy; San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy.
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Bolzán AD. Interstitial telomeric sequences in vertebrate chromosomes: Origin, function, instability and evolution. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 773:51-65. [PMID: 28927537 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
By definition, telomeric sequences are located at the very ends or terminal regions of chromosomes. However, several vertebrate species show blocks of (TTAGGG)n repeats present in non-terminal regions of chromosomes, the so-called interstitial telomeric sequences (ITSs), interstitial telomeric repeats or interstitial telomeric bands, which include those intrachromosomal telomeric-like repeats located near (pericentromeric ITSs) or within the centromere (centromeric ITSs) and those telomeric repeats located between the centromere and the telomere (i.e., truly interstitial telomeric sequences) of eukaryotic chromosomes. According with their sequence organization, localization and flanking sequences, ITSs can be classified into four types: 1) short ITSs, 2) subtelomeric ITSs, 3) fusion ITSs, and 4) heterochromatic ITSs. The first three types have been described mainly in the human genome, whereas heterochromatic ITSs have been found in several vertebrate species but not in humans. Several lines of evidence suggest that ITSs play a significant role in genome instability and evolution. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge about the origin, function, instability and evolution of these telomeric-like repeats in vertebrate chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro D Bolzán
- Laboratorio de Citogenética y Mutagénesis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE, CICPBA-UNLP-CONICET La Plata), C.C. 403, 1900 La Plata, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP, Calle 60 y 122, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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Aksenova AY, Han G, Shishkin AA, Volkov KV, Mirkin SM. Expansion of Interstitial Telomeric Sequences in Yeast. Cell Rep 2015; 13:1545-51. [PMID: 26586439 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeric repeats located within chromosomes are called interstitial telomeric sequences (ITSs). They are polymorphic in length and are likely hotspots for initiation of chromosomal rearrangements that have been linked to human disease. Using our S. cerevisiae system to study repeat-mediated genome instability, we have previously shown that yeast telomeric (Ytel) repeats induce various gross chromosomal rearrangements (GCR) when their G-rich strands serve as the lagging strand template for replication (G orientation). Here, we show that interstitial Ytel repeats in the opposite C orientation prefer to expand rather than cause GCR. A tract of eight Ytel repeats expands at a rate of 4 × 10(-4) per replication, ranking them among the most expansion-prone DNA microsatellites. A candidate-based genetic analysis implicates both post-replication repair and homologous recombination pathways in the expansion process. We propose a model for Ytel repeat expansions and discuss its applications for genome instability and alternative telomere lengthening (ALT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Y Aksenova
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Department of Genetics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Gil Han
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | | | - Kirill V Volkov
- Department of Genetics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Sergei M Mirkin
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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Gardner M, Bann D, Wiley L, Cooper R, Hardy R, Nitsch D, Martin-Ruiz C, Shiels P, Sayer AA, Barbieri M, Bekaert S, Bischoff C, Brooks-Wilson A, Chen W, Cooper C, Christensen K, De Meyer T, Deary I, Der G, Diez Roux A, Fitzpatrick A, Hajat A, Halaschek-Wiener J, Harris S, Hunt SC, Jagger C, Jeon HS, Kaplan R, Kimura M, Lansdorp P, Li C, Maeda T, Mangino M, Nawrot TS, Nilsson P, Nordfjall K, Paolisso G, Ren F, Riabowol K, Robertson T, Roos G, Staessen JA, Spector T, Tang N, Unryn B, van der Harst P, Woo J, Xing C, Yadegarfar ME, Park JY, Young N, Kuh D, von Zglinicki T, Ben-Shlomo Y. Gender and telomere length: systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol 2014; 51:15-27. [PMID: 24365661 PMCID: PMC4523138 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely believed that females have longer telomeres than males, although results from studies have been contradictory. METHODS We carried out a systematic review and meta-analyses to test the hypothesis that in humans, females have longer telomeres than males and that this association becomes stronger with increasing age. Searches were conducted in EMBASE and MEDLINE (by November 2009) and additional datasets were obtained from study investigators. Eligible observational studies measured telomeres for both females and males of any age, had a minimum sample size of 100 and included participants not part of a diseased group. We calculated summary estimates using random-effects meta-analyses. Heterogeneity between studies was investigated using sub-group analysis and meta-regression. RESULTS Meta-analyses from 36 cohorts (36,230 participants) showed that on average females had longer telomeres than males (standardised difference in telomere length between females and males 0.090, 95% CI 0.015, 0.166; age-adjusted). There was little evidence that these associations varied by age group (p=1.00) or cell type (p=0.29). However, the size of this difference did vary by measurement methods, with only Southern blot but neither real-time PCR nor Flow-FISH showing a significant difference. This difference was not associated with random measurement error. CONCLUSIONS Telomere length is longer in females than males, although this difference was not universally found in studies that did not use Southern blot methods. Further research on explanations for the methodological differences is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gardner
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Bristol, UK
| | - David Bann
- MRC University Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, UK
| | - Laura Wiley
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Rachel Cooper
- MRC University Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, UK
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- MRC University Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, UK
| | - Dorothea Nitsch
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | | | - Paul Shiels
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Avan Aihie Sayer
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - Claus Bischoff
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | | | - Wei Chen
- Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane University Health Sciences, New Orleans, United States
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Tim De Meyer
- Clinical Research Center, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Ian Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Geoff Der
- Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ana Diez Roux
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Integrative Approaches to Health Disparities, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Annette Fitzpatrick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Anjum Hajat
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Integrative Approaches to Health Disparities, University of Michigan, United States
| | | | - Sarah Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Steven C Hunt
- Cardiovascular Genetics Division, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Carol Jagger
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Hyo-Sung Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Masayuki Kimura
- The Center of Human Development and Aging, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, United States
| | - Peter Lansdorp
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Changyong Li
- Department of Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Toyoki Maeda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kyushu University, Oita, Japan
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, King's College London, UK
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Division of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Medicine, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Geriatric and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Fu Ren
- Department of Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Karl Riabowol
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Tony Robertson
- Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Glasgow, UK
| | - Goran Roos
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Jan A Staessen
- Division of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Spector
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, King's College London, UK
| | - Nelson Tang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Brad Unryn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean Woo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Xing
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, United States
| | | | - Jae Yong Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Neal Young
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, United States
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC University Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, UK
| | | | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Bristol, UK.
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