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Venediktov AA, Bushueva OY, Kudryavtseva VA, Kuzmin EA, Moiseeva AV, Baldycheva A, Meglinski I, Piavchenko GA. Closest horizons of Hsp70 engagement to manage neurodegeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1230436. [PMID: 37795273 PMCID: PMC10546621 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1230436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our review seeks to elucidate the current state-of-the-art in studies of 70-kilodalton-weighed heat shock proteins (Hsp70) in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). The family has already been shown to play a crucial role in pathological aggregation for a wide spectrum of brain pathologies. However, a slender boundary between a big body of fundamental data and its implementation has only recently been crossed. Currently, we are witnessing an anticipated advancement in the domain with dozens of studies published every month. In this review, we briefly summarize scattered results regarding the role of Hsp70 in the most common NDs including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We also bridge translational studies and clinical trials to portray the output for medical practice. Available options to regulate Hsp70 activity in NDs are outlined, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem A. Venediktov
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Yu Bushueva
- Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | - Varvara A. Kudryavtseva
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor A. Kuzmin
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra V. Moiseeva
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Baldycheva
- STEMM Laboratory, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Meglinski
- Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gennadii A. Piavchenko
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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2
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Zummo L, Vitale AM, Caruso Bavisotto C, De Curtis M, Garbelli R, Giallonardo AT, Di Bonaventura C, Fanella M, Conway de Macario E, Cappello F, Macario AJL, Marino Gammazza A. Molecular Chaperones and miRNAs in Epilepsy: Pathogenic Implications and Therapeutic Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168601. [PMID: 34445306 PMCID: PMC8395327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a pathologic condition with high prevalence and devastating consequences for the patient and its entourage. Means for accurate diagnosis of type, patient monitoring for predicting seizures and follow up, and efficacious treatment are desperately needed. To improve this adverse outcome, miRNAs and the chaperone system (CS) are promising targets to understand pathogenic mechanisms and for developing theranostics applications. miRNAs implicated in conditions known or suspected to favor seizures such as neuroinflammation, to promote epileptic tolerance and neuronal survival, to regulate seizures, and others showing variations in expression levels related to seizures are promising candidates as useful biomarkers for diagnosis and patient monitoring, and as targets for developing novel therapies. Components of the CS are also promising as biomarkers and as therapeutic targets, since they participate in epileptogenic pathways and in cytoprotective mechanisms in various epileptogenic brain areas, even if what they do and how is not yet clear. The data in this review should help in the identification of molecular targets among the discussed miRNAs and CS components for research aiming at understanding epileptogenic mechanisms and, subsequently, develop means for predicting/preventing seizures and treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Zummo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.Z.); (A.M.V.); (C.C.B.); (F.C.)
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, A.R.N.A.S. Ospedale Civico—Di Cristina Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Maria Vitale
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.Z.); (A.M.V.); (C.C.B.); (F.C.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Celeste Caruso Bavisotto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.Z.); (A.M.V.); (C.C.B.); (F.C.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Marco De Curtis
- Epilepsy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.D.C.); (R.G.)
| | - Rita Garbelli
- Epilepsy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.D.C.); (R.G.)
| | - Anna Teresa Giallonardo
- Department of Human Neurosciences “Sapienza”, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.T.G.); (C.D.B.); (M.F.)
- Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Di Bonaventura
- Department of Human Neurosciences “Sapienza”, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.T.G.); (C.D.B.); (M.F.)
- Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Fanella
- Department of Human Neurosciences “Sapienza”, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.T.G.); (C.D.B.); (M.F.)
- Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.Z.); (A.M.V.); (C.C.B.); (F.C.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Alberto J. L. Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.Z.); (A.M.V.); (C.C.B.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence:
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3
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Shoraka S, Ferreira MLB, Mohebbi SR, Ghaemi A. SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Review on Potential Pathogenic Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2021; 12:674922. [PMID: 34040615 PMCID: PMC8141918 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, the world has been facing an outbreak of a new disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by a novel beta-coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 infection mainly affects the respiratory system. Recently, there have been some reports of extra-respiratory symptoms such as neurological manifestations in COVID-19. According to the increasing reports of Guillain-Barré syndrome following COVID-19, we mainly focused on SARS-CoV-2 infection and Guillain-Barré syndrome in this review. We tried to explain the possibility of a relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and Guillain-Barré syndrome and potential pathogenic mechanisms based on current and past knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Shoraka
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Reza Mohebbi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Lebeau G, Frumence E, Turpin J, Begue F, Hoarau JJ, Gadea G, Krejbich-Trotot P, Desprès P, Viranaicken W. Zika E Glycan Loop Region and Guillain-Barré Syndrome-Related Proteins: A Possible Molecular Mimicry to Be Taken in Account for Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:283. [PMID: 33808706 PMCID: PMC8003386 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurological complications of infection by the mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) include Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuritis. GBS was first associated with recent ZIKV epidemics caused by the emergence of the ZIKV Asian lineage in South Pacific. Here, we hypothesize that ZIKV-associated GBS relates to a molecular mimicry between viral envelope E (E) protein and neural proteins involved in GBS. The analysis of the ZIKV epidemic strains showed that the glycan loop (GL) region of the E protein includes an IVNDT motif which is conserved in voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C (Cav1.2) and Heat Shock 70 kDa protein 12A (HSP70 12A). Both VSCC-alpha 1C and HSP70 12A belong to protein families which have been associated with neurological autoimmune diseases in central nervous system. The purpose of our in silico analysis is to point out that IVNDT motif of ZIKV E-GL region should be taken in consideration for the development of safe and effective anti-Zika vaccines by precluding the possibility of adverse neurologic events including autoimmune diseases such as GBS through a potent mimicry with Heat Shock 70 kDa protein 12A (HSP70 12A).
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégorie Lebeau
- Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire et Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion 1, La Réunion, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (G.L.); (E.F.); (J.T.); (J.-J.H.); (G.G.); (P.K.-T.); (P.D.)
| | - Etienne Frumence
- Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire et Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion 1, La Réunion, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (G.L.); (E.F.); (J.T.); (J.-J.H.); (G.G.); (P.K.-T.); (P.D.)
| | - Jonathan Turpin
- Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire et Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion 1, La Réunion, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (G.L.); (E.F.); (J.T.); (J.-J.H.); (G.G.); (P.K.-T.); (P.D.)
| | - Floran Begue
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97490 Saint-Clotilde, France;
| | - Jean-Jacques Hoarau
- Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire et Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion 1, La Réunion, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (G.L.); (E.F.); (J.T.); (J.-J.H.); (G.G.); (P.K.-T.); (P.D.)
| | - Gilles Gadea
- Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire et Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion 1, La Réunion, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (G.L.); (E.F.); (J.T.); (J.-J.H.); (G.G.); (P.K.-T.); (P.D.)
| | - Pascale Krejbich-Trotot
- Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire et Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion 1, La Réunion, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (G.L.); (E.F.); (J.T.); (J.-J.H.); (G.G.); (P.K.-T.); (P.D.)
| | - Philippe Desprès
- Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire et Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion 1, La Réunion, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (G.L.); (E.F.); (J.T.); (J.-J.H.); (G.G.); (P.K.-T.); (P.D.)
| | - Wildriss Viranaicken
- Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire et Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion 1, La Réunion, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France; (G.L.); (E.F.); (J.T.); (J.-J.H.); (G.G.); (P.K.-T.); (P.D.)
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5
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Al-Ramadan A, Rabab’h O, Shah J, Gharaibeh A. Acute and Post-Acute Neurological Complications of COVID-19. Neurol Int 2021; 13:102-119. [PMID: 33803475 PMCID: PMC8006051 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint13010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging global health emergency caused by the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The global outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection depends on the severity of the disease and may range from an asymptomatic infection to a severe and lethal illness. Fever, cough, and shortness of breath are among the most common symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Accumulating evidence indicates that COVID-19 patients commonly develop neurological symptoms, such as headache, altered mental status, anosmia, and myalgia. In this comprehensive literature review, we have summarized the most common neurological complications and reported neurological case studies associated with COVID-19, and neurological side effects associated with COVID-19 treatments. Additionally, the post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and long-term neurological complications were discussed. We also explained the proposed mechanisms that are involved in the pathogenesis of these neurological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Ramadan
- Insight Research Institute, Flint, MI 48507, USA; (A.A.-R.); (O.R.); (J.S.)
- Center for Cognition and Neuroethics, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI 48502, USA
| | - Omar Rabab’h
- Insight Research Institute, Flint, MI 48507, USA; (A.A.-R.); (O.R.); (J.S.)
- Center for Cognition and Neuroethics, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI 48502, USA
| | - Jawad Shah
- Insight Research Institute, Flint, MI 48507, USA; (A.A.-R.); (O.R.); (J.S.)
- Center for Cognition and Neuroethics, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI 48502, USA
- Insight Research Center, Insight Institute of Neurosurgery & Neuroscience, Flint, MI 48507, USA
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Insight Surgical Hospital, Warren, MI 48091, USA
| | - Abeer Gharaibeh
- Insight Research Institute, Flint, MI 48507, USA; (A.A.-R.); (O.R.); (J.S.)
- Center for Cognition and Neuroethics, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI 48502, USA
- Insight Research Center, Insight Institute of Neurosurgery & Neuroscience, Flint, MI 48507, USA
- Insight Surgical Hospital, Warren, MI 48091, USA
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6
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Álvarez-Barrios A, Álvarez L, García M, Artime E, Pereiro R, González-Iglesias H. Antioxidant Defenses in the Human Eye: A Focus on Metallothioneins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:89. [PMID: 33440661 PMCID: PMC7826537 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human eye, the highly specialized organ of vision, is greatly influenced by oxidants of endogenous and exogenous origin. Oxidative stress affects all structures of the human eye with special emphasis on the ocular surface, the lens, the retina and its retinal pigment epithelium, which are considered natural barriers of antioxidant protection, contributing to the onset and/or progression of eye diseases. These ocular structures contain a complex antioxidant defense system slightly different along the eye depending on cell tissue. In addition to widely studied enzymatic antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, peroxiredoxins and selenoproteins, inter alia, metallothioneins (MTs) are considered antioxidant proteins of growing interest with further cell-mediated functions. This family of cysteine rich and low molecular mass proteins captures and neutralizes free radicals in a redox-dependent mechanism involving zinc binding and release. The state of the art of MTs, including the isoforms classification, the main functions described to date, the Zn-MT redox cycle as antioxidant defense system, and the antioxidant activity of Zn-MTs in the ocular surface, lens, retina and its retinal pigment epithelium, dependent on the number of occupied zinc-binding sites, will be comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Álvarez-Barrios
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-B.); (L.Á.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (R.P.)
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lydia Álvarez
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-B.); (L.Á.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (R.P.)
| | - Montserrat García
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-B.); (L.Á.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (R.P.)
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avda. Dres. Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enol Artime
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-B.); (L.Á.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (R.P.)
| | - Rosario Pereiro
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-B.); (L.Á.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (R.P.)
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Héctor González-Iglesias
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-B.); (L.Á.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (R.P.)
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avda. Dres. Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
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Lucchese G, Flöel A. SARS-CoV-2 and Guillain-Barré syndrome: molecular mimicry with human heat shock proteins as potential pathogenic mechanism. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:731-735. [PMID: 32729001 PMCID: PMC7387880 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01145-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 infection has been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome. We investigated here the potential mechanism underlying the virus-induced damage of the peripheral nervous systems by searching the viral amino acid sequence for peptides common to human autoantigens associated with immune-mediated polyneuropathies. Our results show molecular mimicry between the virus and human heat shock proteins 90 and 60, which are associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome and other autoimmune diseases. Crucially, the shared peptides are embedded in immunoreactive epitopes that have been experimentally validated in the human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Lucchese
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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8
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Li P, Wang S, Zhang R, Pei J, Chen L, Cao Y, Zhang H, Yang G. Identification of CSF biomarkers by proteomics in Guillain-Barré syndrome. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:5177-5182. [PMID: 29904402 PMCID: PMC5996704 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to screen for differentially expressed proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The identification of differentially expressed protein can provide new targets for understanding the pathogenic mechanism, early clinical diagnosis, prognosis and for measuring the effectiveness of interventions. We enrolled 50 GBS patients and 50 meningitis patients (control group) to compare protein expression in CSF. The GBS cases included 28 cases of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) and 22 cases of acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN). We then performed two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry to identify the differentially expressed proteins. The expression levels were validated by ELISA, and their accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in GBS diagnosis were analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic curve. Three differentially expressed proteins were identified, including the upregulated haptoglobin (Hp) and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), and downregulated cystatin C. There were no significant differences between the AIDP and AMAN patients in the positive rates and quantitative expression levels of the three differentially expressed proteins. The accuracy of Hp in the diagnosis of GBS was 0.835, sensitivity was 86.7%, and specificity was 88.2%. The accuracy of cystatin C in the diagnosis of GBS was 0.827, sensitivity was 85.5%, and specificity was 89.7%. The accuracy of Hsp70 in the diagnosis of GBS was 0.841, its sensitivity was 87.8%, and its specificity was 92.3%. Hp and Hsp70 are significantly increased, and cystatin C is downregulated in CSF of GBS patients, which provides important biomarkers for early GBS diagnosis, although these proteins cannot distinguish AIDP and AMAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Department of Neurology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Sujie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Ruili Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zunhua People's Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 064200, P.R. China
| | - Jian Pei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yibin Cao
- Department of Neurology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Haoliang Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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9
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The Protective Effects of αB-Crystallin on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Rat Retina. J Ophthalmol 2017; 2017:7205408. [PMID: 29098085 PMCID: PMC5643040 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7205408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether αB-crystallin protects against acute retinal ischemic reperfusion injury (I/R) and elucidate the potential antioxidant mechanisms. Retinal I/R injury was made by elevating the intraocular pressure (IOP) 110 mmHg for 60 min, and αB-crystallin (1 × 10−5 g/L) or vehicle solution was administered intravitreously immediately after I/R injury. The animal was sacrificed 24 h, 1 w, and 1 m after the I/R injury. The retina damage was detected by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and electroretinography (ERG). The level of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and the total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) was determined. An immunohistochemical study was performed to detect the activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NF- (nuclear factor-) kappaB (NF-κB) p65. The decrease of retinal thickness and the number of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) can be suppressed by αB-crystallin. And the amplitudes of a- and b-wave were remarkably greater without αB-crystallin. Similarly, αB-crystallin also significantly decreased the level of MDA and NO and enhanced the activities of T-SOD. The positive expression of iNOS and NF-kappaB p65 was obviously reduced while treated with αB-crystallin. αB-crystallin can inhibit the expression of NF-κB and its antioxidative effect to protect the retina from I/R injury.
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Romi F, Hong Y, Gilhus NE. Pathophysiology and immunological profile of myasthenia gravis and its subgroups. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 49:9-13. [PMID: 28780294 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune antibody-mediated disease characterized by muscle weakness and fatigability. It is believed that the initial steps triggering humoral immunity in MG take place inside thymic tissue and thymoma. The immune response against one or several epitopes expressed on thymic tissue cells spills over to neuromuscular junction components sharing the same epitope causing humoral autoimmunity and antibody production. The main cause of MG is acetylcholine receptor antibodies. However, many other neuromuscular junction membrane protein targets, intracellular and extracellular proteins are suggested to participate in MG pathophysiology. MG should be divided into subgroups based on clinical presentation and immunology. This includes onset age, clinical characteristics, thymic pathology and antibody profile. The immunological profile of these subgroups is determined by the antibodies present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Romi
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway.
| | - Yu Hong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nils Erik Gilhus
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Anbarasu K, Sivakumar J. Multidimensional significance of crystallin protein-protein interactions and their implications in various human diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1860:222-33. [PMID: 26365509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crystallins are the important structural and functional proteins in the eye lens responsible for refractive index. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) and mutations are major causative factors that affect crystallin structural conformation and functional characteristics thus playing a vital role in the etiology of cataractogenesis. SCOPE OF REVIEW The significance of crystallin protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in the lens and non-lenticular tissues is summarized. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Aberrancy of PPIs between crystallin, its associated protein and metal ions has been accomplished in various human diseases including cataract. A detailed account on multidimensional structural and functional significance of crystallin PPI in humans must be brought into limelight, in order to understand the biochemical and molecular basis augmenting the aberrancies of such interaction. In this scenario, the present review is focused to shed light on studies which will aid to expand our present understanding on disease pathogenesis related to loss of PPI thereby paving the way for putative future therapeutic targets to curb such diseases. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The interactions with α-crystallins always aid to protect their structural and functional characteristics. The up-regulation of αB-crystallin in the non-lenticular tissues always decodes as biomarker for various stress related disorders. For better understanding and treatment of various diseases, PPI studies provide overall outline about the structural and functional characteristics of the proteins. This information not only helps to find out the route of cataractogenesis but also aid to identify potential molecules to inhibit/prevent the further development of such complicated phenomenon. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Crystallin Biochemistry in Health and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumarasamy Anbarasu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jeyarajan Sivakumar
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
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Chauhan VS, Nelson DA, Marriott I, Bost KL. Alpha beta-crystallin expression and presentation following infection with murine gammaherpesvirus 68. Autoimmunity 2013; 46:399-408. [PMID: 23586607 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2013.785535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alpha beta-crystallin (CRYAB) is a small heat shock protein that can function as a molecular chaperone and has protective effects for cells undergoing a variety of stressors. Surprisingly, CRYAB has been identified as one of the dominant autoantigens in multiple sclerosis. It has been suggested that autoimmune mediated destruction of this small heat shock protein may limit its protective effects, thereby exacerbating inflammation and cellular damage during multiple sclerosis. It is not altogether clear how autoimmunity against CRYAB might develop, or whether there are environmental factors which might facilitate the presentation of this autoantigen to CD4+ T lymphocytes. In the present study, we utilized an animal model of an Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)-like infection, murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (HV-68), to question whether such a virus could modulate the expression of CRYAB by antigen presenting cells. Following exposure to HV-68 and several other stimuli, in vitro secretion of CRYAB and subsequent intracellular accumulation were observed in cultured macrophages and dendritic cells. Following infection of mice with this virus, it was possible to track CRYAB expression in the spleen and in antigen presenting cell subpopulations, as well as its secretion into the blood. Mice immunized with human CRYAB mounted a significant immune response against this heat shock protein. Further, dendritic cells that were exposed to HV-68 could stimulate CD4+ T cells from CRYAB immunized mice to secrete interferon gamma. Taken together these studies are consistent with the notion of a gammaherpesvirus-induced CRYAB response in professional antigen presenting cells in this mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita S Chauhan
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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Patil S, Katyayani S, Sood A, Kavitha A, Marimuthu P, Taly A. Possible significance of anti-heat shock protein (HSP-65) antibodies in autoimmune myasthenia gravis. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 257:107-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chung U, Seo JS, Kim YH, Son GH, Hwang JJ. Quantitative analyses of postmortem heat shock protein mRNA profiles in the occipital lobes of human cerebral cortices: implications in cause of death. Mol Cells 2012; 34:473-80. [PMID: 23135635 PMCID: PMC3887795 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-0214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative RNA analyses of autopsy materials to diagnose the cause and mechanism of death are challenging tasks in the field of forensic molecular pathology. Alterations in mRNA profiles can be induced by cellular stress responses during supravital reactions as well as by lethal insults at the time of death. Here, we demonstrate that several gene transcripts encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs), a gene family primarily responsible for cellular stress responses, can be differentially expressed in the occipital region of postmortem human cerebral cortices with regard to the cause of death. HSPA2 mRNA levels were higher in subjects who died due to mechanical asphyxiation (ASP), compared with those who died by traumatic injury (TI). By contrast, HSPA7 and A13 gene transcripts were much higher in the TI group than in the ASP and sudden cardiac death (SCD) groups. More importantly, relative abundances between such HSP mRNA species exhibit a stronger correlation to, and thus provide more discriminative information on, the death process than does routine normalization to a housekeeping gene. Therefore, the present study proposes alterations in HSP mRNA composition in the occipital lobe as potential forensic biological markers, which may implicate the cause and process of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ukhee Chung
- Department of Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705,
Korea
| | | | | | - Gi Hoon Son
- Department of Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705,
Korea
| | - Juck-Joon Hwang
- Department of Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705,
Korea
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Li S, Wu J, Ding H, Liao A, He H, Stell WK, Zhong X. Flicker downregulates the content of crystallin proteins in form-deprived C57BL/6 mouse retina. Exp Eye Res 2012; 101:1-8. [PMID: 22659691 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Image degradation by loss of higher spatial frequencies causes form-deprivation myopia (FDM) in humans and animals, and cyclical illumination (flicker) at certain frequencies may prevent FDM. The molecular mechanisms underlying FDM and its prevention by flicker are poorly known. To understand them better, we have identified proteins that differ in amount in form-deprived (FD) mouse retinas, under steady versus flickering light. Male C57BL/6 mice (age 27-29 days) were randomly divided into three groups: Experimental - monocularly form-deprived, and kept under either normal room light ("FD-Only") or 20 Hz flickering light ("FD-Flicker"), throughout the 12-hour light phase; and Control ("Open-Control") - kept under normal illumination, without form deprivation. After two weeks of treatment, retinal proteins were extracted and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-GE); proteins that differ in content in FD-only versus FD-flicker retinas were identified by mass spectroscopy ("MS"), and their identities were verified by western blotting. The contents of three identified proteins differed statistically in FD-only compared to FD-flicker retinas. These proteins were identified by MS as α-A-crystallin, crystallin β A2 and crystallin β A1. Quantitative western blotting showed that the relative amount of α-A-crystallin in FD-only retinas was significantly higher than that in FD-Flicker and control retinas. In conclusion, form deprivation induced significant increases in the amounts of crystallins in mouse retinas. These increases were significantly reduced by exposure to 20 Hz flicker. Since form deprivation is known to induce myopia development, and flicker to prevent it, our data suggest that FD- and flicker-responsive changes in the content of crystallin proteins may be involved causally or protectively in myopia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiqun Li
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center and State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Rao NA, Saraswathy S, Pararajasegaram G, Bhat SP. Small heat shock protein αA-crystallin prevents photoreceptor degeneration in experimental autoimmune uveitis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33582. [PMID: 22479415 PMCID: PMC3316578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The small heat shock protein, αA-crystallin null (αA−/−) mice are known to be more prone to retinal degeneration than the wild type mice in Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis (EAU). In this report we demonstrate that intravenous administration of αA preserves retinal architecture and prevents photoreceptor damage in EAU. Interestingly, only αA and not αB-crystallin (αB), a closely related small heat shock protein works, pointing to molecular specificity in the observed retinal protection. The possible involvement of αA in retinal protection through immune modulation is corroborated by adaptive transfer experiments, (employing αA−/− and wild type mice with EAU as donors and Rag2−/− as the recipient mice), which indicate that αA protects against the autoimmune challenge by modulating the systemic B and T cell immunity. We show that αA administration causes marked reduction in Th1 cytokines (TNF-α, IL-12 and IFN-γ), both in the retina and in the spleen; notably, IL-17 was only reduced in the retina suggesting local intervention. Importantly, expression of Toll-like receptors and their associated adaptors is also inhibited suggesting that αA protection, against photoreceptor loss in EAU, is associated with systemic suppression of both the adaptive and innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narsing A Rao
- Doheny Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
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