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Burtscher J, Millet GP, Fresa M, Lanzi S, Mazzolai L, Pellegrin M. The link between impaired oxygen supply and cognitive decline in peripheral artery disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 85:63-73. [PMID: 38061613 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Although peripheral artery disease (PAD) primarily affects large arteries outside the brain, PAD is also associated with elevated cerebral vulnerabilities, including greater risks for brain injury (such as stroke), cognitive decline and dementia. In the present review, we aim to evaluate recent literature and extract information on potential mechanisms linking PAD and consequences on the brain. Furthermore, we suggest novel therapeutic avenues to mitigate cognitive decline and reduce risk of brain injury in patients with PAD. Various interventions, notably exercise, directly or indirectly improve systemic blood flow and oxygen supply and are effective strategies in patients with PAD or cognitive decline. Moreover, triggering protective cellular and systemic mechanisms by modulating inspired oxygen concentrations are emerging as potential novel treatment strategies. While several genetic and pharmacological approaches to modulate adaptations to hypoxia showed promising results in preclinical models of PAD, no clear benefits have yet been clinically demonstrated. We argue that genetic/pharmacological regulation of the involved adaptive systems remains challenging but that therapeutic variation of inspired oxygen levels (e.g., hypoxia conditioning) are promising future interventions to mitigate associated cognitive decline in patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Fresa
- Angiology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Lanzi
- Angiology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Mazzolai
- Angiology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Pellegrin
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Angiology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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2
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Oviedo DC, Tratner AE, Rodríguez-Araña S, Villarreal AE, Rangel G, Carreira MB, Britton GB. Predictors of cognitive change in cognitively healthy older women in Panama: the PARI-HD study. Front Glob Womens Health 2024; 5:1353657. [PMID: 38939750 PMCID: PMC11208464 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2024.1353657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that a combination of biological and social factors influence risk of dementia differently for women and men. In healthy older women, several factors may contribute to changes in cognition. Objective Describe the characteristics associated with variation in cognition in a sample of cognitively healthy older Panamanian women. Methods The study includes cross-sectional analyses of cognitive domains at baseline (n = 357) and 17-month (SD = 2.0) follow-up (n = 200) for women aged 60 years and older enrolled in the Panama Aging Research Initiative-Health Disparities (PARI-HD) study. Instruments included clinical questionnaires, physiological measures, and a neuropsychological test battery assessing global cognition and seven cognitive domains. Multiple regression analyses examined the associations between demographic and clinical characteristics and cognition at baseline. Repeated measures analyses were used to investigate changes in cognition from baseline to follow-up. Results On average, participants were 68.6 years of age (SD = 5.9) with 16.1 years of education (SD = 4.7). Age, income, and education showed robust associations with baseline cognition. Subjective cognitive impairment was associated with lower performance in global cognition, verbal learning, and memory domains. Only performance in the attention domain decreased at follow-up, and subjective health state and depressive symptoms significantly predicted the change in attention. Discussion Our study findings contribute to the investigation of cognitive health in older Hispanic women and to the understanding of sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with cognitive decline and the progression to cognitive impairment and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. Oviedo
- Centro de Neurociencias y Unidad de Investigación Clínica, Institiuto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panamá
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Santa María la Antigua (USMA), Panama City, Panamá
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI) SENACYT, Panama City, Panamá
| | - Adam E. Tratner
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI) SENACYT, Panama City, Panamá
- Florida State University, Panama City, Panamá
| | - Sofía Rodríguez-Araña
- Centro de Neurociencias y Unidad de Investigación Clínica, Institiuto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panamá
| | - Alcibiades E. Villarreal
- Centro de Neurociencias y Unidad de Investigación Clínica, Institiuto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panamá
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI) SENACYT, Panama City, Panamá
| | - Giselle Rangel
- Centro de Neurociencias y Unidad de Investigación Clínica, Institiuto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panamá
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI) SENACYT, Panama City, Panamá
| | - María B. Carreira
- Centro de Neurociencias y Unidad de Investigación Clínica, Institiuto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panamá
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI) SENACYT, Panama City, Panamá
| | - Gabrielle B. Britton
- Centro de Neurociencias y Unidad de Investigación Clínica, Institiuto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panamá
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI) SENACYT, Panama City, Panamá
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3
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Bae Y, Yon DK, Lee SW. Cerebrovascular Complications in Spinal Fusion Surgery: A Nationwide 8-year Follow-up Study in South Korea. Clin Nurs Res 2024; 33:220-230. [PMID: 38511266 DOI: 10.1177/10547738241240801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
This retrospective study investigated the long-term incidence and risk of postoperative complications following spinal fusion. This study included 640,366 participants from a National Health Examination cohort in the Republic of Korea. Among them, 11,699 individuals underwent spinal fusion, and 56,667 individuals who underwent non-fusion spinal procedures served as controls. Propensity score matching was used to account for patient characteristics including demographic factors, comorbidities, and other relevant variables. The participants were followed for 8 years to assess the occurrence of cerebrovascular disease (CVD), hemorrhagic infarction (HA), ischemic infarction (II), occlusion and stenosis, and ischemic heart disease (IHD). The incidence rates of CVD and IHD were found to be 27.58 and 31.45 per 1,000 person-years in the spinal fusion group compared to 18.68 and 25.73 per 1,000 person-years in the control group (p < .001), respectively. Patients who underwent spinal fusion had a higher risk of CVD, HA, and IHD than those in the control group (all p < .001). In the subgroup analysis, thoracolumbar and noncervical spinal fusion were associated with a higher risk of CVD, II, and IHD (all p < .005). Patients undergoing thoracolumbar fusion may have an increased association with CVD, II in cerebral arteries, and IHD. This suggests a need for careful consideration of vascular risks in such patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngoh Bae
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Romaus-Sanjurjo D, Castañón-Apilánez M, López-Arias E, Custodia A, Martin-Martín C, Ouro A, López-Cancio E, Sobrino T. Neuroprotection Afforded by an Enriched Mediterranean-like Diet Is Modified by Exercise in a Rat Male Model of Cerebral Ischemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:138. [PMID: 38397735 PMCID: PMC10885962 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is an important cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Given that current treatments do not allow a remarkably better outcome in patients after stroke, it is mandatory to seek new approaches to preventing stroke and/or complementing the current treatments or ameliorating the ischemic insult. Multiple preclinical and clinical studies highlighted the potential beneficial roles of exercise and a Mediterranean diet following a stroke. Here, we investigated the effects of a pre-stroke Mediterranean-like diet supplemented with hydroxytyrosol and with/without physical exercise on male rats undergoing transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). We also assessed a potential synergistic effect with physical exercise. Our findings indicated that the diet reduced infarct and edema volumes, modulated acute immune response by altering cytokine and chemokine levels, decreased oxidative stress, and improved acute functional recovery post-ischemic injury. Interestingly, while physical exercise alone improved certain outcomes compared to control animals, it did not enhance, and in some aspects even impaired, the positive effects of the Mediterranean-like diet in the short term. Overall, these data provide the first preclinical evidence that a preemptive enriched Mediterranean diet modulates cytokines/chemokines levels downwards which eventually has an important role during the acute phase following ischemic damage, likely mediating neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Romaus-Sanjurjo
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.R.-S.); (E.L.-A.); (A.C.); (T.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Castañón-Apilánez
- Departament of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology, Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Esteban López-Arias
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.R.-S.); (E.L.-A.); (A.C.); (T.S.)
| | - Antía Custodia
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.R.-S.); (E.L.-A.); (A.C.); (T.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Martin-Martín
- Translational Immmunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Alberto Ouro
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.R.-S.); (E.L.-A.); (A.C.); (T.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena López-Cancio
- Departament of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology, Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.R.-S.); (E.L.-A.); (A.C.); (T.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Cutuli D, Decandia D, Giacovazzo G, Coccurello R. Physical Exercise as Disease-Modifying Alternative against Alzheimer's Disease: A Gut-Muscle-Brain Partnership. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14686. [PMID: 37834132 PMCID: PMC10572207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common cause of dementia characterized by neurodegenerative dysregulations, cognitive impairments, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Physical exercise (PE) has emerged as a powerful tool for reducing chronic inflammation, improving overall health, and preventing cognitive decline. The connection between the immune system, gut microbiota (GM), and neuroinflammation highlights the role of the gut-brain axis in maintaining brain health and preventing neurodegenerative diseases. Neglected so far, PE has beneficial effects on microbial composition and diversity, thus providing the potential to alleviate neurological symptoms. There is bidirectional communication between the gut and muscle, with GM diversity modulation and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production affecting muscle metabolism and preservation, and muscle activity/exercise in turn inducing significant changes in GM composition, functionality, diversity, and SCFA production. This gut-muscle and muscle-gut interplay can then modulate cognition. For instance, irisin, an exercise-induced myokine, promotes neuroplasticity and cognitive function through BDNF signaling. Irisin and muscle-generated BDNF may mediate the positive effects of physical activity against some aspects of AD pathophysiology through the interaction of exercise with the gut microbial ecosystem, neural plasticity, anti-inflammatory signaling pathways, and neurogenesis. Understanding gut-muscle-brain interconnections hold promise for developing strategies to promote brain health, fight age-associated cognitive decline, and improve muscle health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Cutuli
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Davide Decandia
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Giacovazzo
- European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Teramo (UniTE), 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Roberto Coccurello
- European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Institute for Complex Systems (ISC), National Council of Research (CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy
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Ren J, Xiao H. Exercise for Mental Well-Being: Exploring Neurobiological Advances and Intervention Effects in Depression. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1505. [PMID: 37511879 PMCID: PMC10381534 DOI: 10.3390/life13071505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common mental disorder in which patients often experience feelings of sadness, fatigue, loss of interest, and pleasure. Exercise is a widely used intervention for managing depression, but the specific molecular mechanisms underlying its antidepressant effect are unclear. In this narrative review, we aim to synthesize current knowledge on the molecular, neural, and physiological mechanisms through which exercise exerts its antidepressant effect and discuss the various exercise interventions used for managing depression. We conducted a narrative review of the literature on the topic of exercise and depression. Our review suggests that exercise impacts peripheral tryptophan metabolism, central inflammation, and brain-derived neurotrophic factors through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activating factor 1α (PGC-1α) in skeletal muscles. The uncarboxylated osteocalcin facilitates "bone-brain crosstalk", and exercise corrects atypical expression of brain-gut peptides, modulates cytokine production and neurotransmitter release, and regulates inflammatory pathways and microRNA expression. Aerobic exercise is recommended at frequencies of 3 to 5 times per week with medium to high intensity. Here we highlight the significant potential of exercise therapy in managing depression, supported by the molecular, neural, and physiological mechanisms underlying its antidepressant effect. Understanding the molecular pathways and neural mechanisms involved in exercise's antidepressant effect opens new avenues for developing novel therapies for managing depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Ren
- Institute of Sport and Health, Guangdong Provincial Kay Laboratory of Development and Education for Special Needs Children, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524037, China;
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Zang Q, Wang S, Qi Y, Zhang L, Huang C, Xiu Y, Zhou C, Luo Y, Jia G, Li S, Zhang Y, Tang Y. Running exercise improves spatial learning and memory ability and enhances angiogenesis in the cerebral cortex via endogenous nitric oxide. Behav Brain Res 2023; 439:114243. [PMID: 36462674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular mechanisms by which exercise improves brain function and capillaries in the cerebral cortex are unclear. Exercise can increase the expression of nitric oxide (NO) in the brain, and endogenous NO is thought to exert beneficial effects on proangiogenic factors, antiangiogenic factors and brain function. Therefore, we hypothesized that running exercise might improve brain function and enhance angiogenesis through endogenous NO. METHODS AND RESULTS The following three groups of rats were administered intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections before running exercise each day for 4 weeks: exercise+L-NAME group (i.c.v. L-NAME, an NO synthase blocker, dose: 1 μmol/μl and 5 μl/day; treadmill exercise, 20 min/day), exercise group (i.c.v. normal saline, 5 μl/day; treadmill exercise, 20 min/day), and sham group (i.c.v. normal saline, 5 μl/day; no treadmill exercise). Subsequently, the spatial learning and memory abilities were tested using a Morris water maze, and the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in the cerebral cortex in each group of rats was measured using a method involving nitric acid reductase and metabolic chemistry. The parameters of the cortical capillaries were quantitatively investigated using an immunohistochemistry technique and stereological methods. The expression levels of proangiogenic factors (VEGF and FGF-2) and an antiangiogenic inhibitor (endostatin) in the cerebral cortex were tested using a Western blot analysis. Running exercise significantly improved the rats' spatial learning and memory abilities and increased NOS activity in the cortex. Running exercise also subsequently improved the expression of proangiogenic factors (VEGF and FGF-2) and the length, volume and surface area of capillaries and reduced the expression of antiangiogenic factors (endostatin) in the cortex. In contrast, the L-NAME treatment attenuated the effects of running exercise. CONCLUSIONS Running exercise regulates proangiogenic factors, antiangiogenic factors and angiogenesis in the cerebral cortex via a partially NO-dependent mechanism, and influencing endogenous NO might potentially affect the exercise-related beneficial effects on cognitive ability and cortical capillaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Zang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Sanrong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yinqiang Qi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chunxia Huang
- Department of physiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yun Xiu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chunni Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yanmin Luo
- Department of physiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Gongwei Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shuangyu Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China.
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
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Jo J, Song Y, Yoon D, Lee CG, Won S. Genome-wide assessment reveals a significant association between ACSS3 and physical activity. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 22:e12834. [PMID: 36510703 PMCID: PMC9994161 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent genetic studies have identified physical activity (PA)-susceptible loci in European ancestry subjects; however, due to considerable genetic differences, these findings are not likely extendable to East Asian populations. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify significantly associated PA-susceptible loci using genome-wide association studies (GWASs) with East Asian (EAS) subjects and to generalize the findings to European (EUR) ancestries. The mRNA levels of genes located near the genome-wide significantly associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were compared under PA and control conditions. Rs74937256, located in ACSS3 (chromosome 12), which primarily functions in skeletal muscle tissues, was identified as a genome-wide significant variant (P = 6.06 × 10-9 ) in EAS. Additionally, the rs2525840, also in ACSS3 satisfied the Bonferroni corrected significance (P = 3.77 × 10-5 ) in EUR. We found that rs74937256 is an expressed trait locus of ACSS3 (P = 10-4 ), and ACSS3 mRNA expression significantly differs after PA, based on PrediXcan (P = 7 × 10-8 ) and the gene expression omnibus database (P = 0.043).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyeon Jo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Institute of Health & Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Dankyu Yoon
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Chung Gun Lee
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungho Won
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Institute of Health & Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,RexSoft Corps, Seoul, South Korea
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Chen X, Liu L, Zhong Y, Liu Y. Enriched environment promotes post-stroke angiogenesis through astrocytic interleukin-17A. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1053877. [PMID: 36873773 PMCID: PMC9979086 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1053877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Our previous studies have revealed that the protective effect of an enriched environment (EE) may be linked with astrocyte proliferation and angiogenesis. However, the relationship between astrocytes and angiogenesis under EE conditions still requires further study. The current research examined the neuroprotective effects of EE on angiogenesis in an astrocytic interleukin-17A (IL-17A)-dependent manner following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods A rat model of ischemic stroke based on middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 120 min followed by reperfusion was established, after which rats were housed in either EE or standard conditions. A set of behavior tests were conducted, including the modified neurological severity scores (mNSS) and the rotarod test. The infarct volume was evaluated by means of 2,3,5-Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. To evaluate the levels of angiogenesis, the protein levels of CD34 were examined by means of immunofluorescence and western blotting, while the protein and mRNA levels of IL-17A, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the angiogenesis-associated factors interleukin-6 (IL-6), JAK2, and STAT3 were detected by western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results We found that EE promoted functional recovery, reduced infarct volume, and enhanced angiogenesis compared to rats in standard conditions. IL-17A expression in astrocytes was also increased in EE rats. EE treatment increased the levels of microvascular density (MVD) and promoted the expression of CD34, VEGF, IL-6, JAK2, and STAT3 in the penumbra, while the intracerebroventricular injection of the IL-17A-neutralizing antibody in EE rats attenuated EE-mediated functional recovery and angiogenesis. Conclusion Our findings revealed a possible neuroprotective mechanism of astrocytic IL-17A in EE-mediated angiogenesis and functional recovery after I/R injury, which might provide the theoretical basis for EE in clinical practise for stroke patients and open up new ideas for the research on the neural repair mechanism mediated by IL-17A in the recovery phase of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yingjun Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Cheng A, Zhao Z, Liu H, Yang J, Luo J. The physiological mechanism and effect of resistance exercise on cognitive function in the elderly people. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1013734. [PMID: 36483263 PMCID: PMC9723356 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1013734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As brain function declines and cognitive ability declines, the benefits of resistance exercise to the brain of older people are gradually gaining attention. Objective The purpose of this review is to explore the mechanism and relationship between physiological factors such as vascular and neuronal degeneration and cognitive decline, and to categorize the differences in the effects of an acute and chronic resistance exercise intervention on cognitive function in healthy elderly people and the possible regulators of cognitive effects. Methods Using PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, X-MOL, CNKI, and Taiwan academic literature database, the research papers published in relevant journals at home and abroad until April 2022 were searched with Chinese and English keywords such as Resistance exercise, the elderly, hippocampus, memory performance, neurons, cognitive function. Pedro scale was used to check the quality of various documents, and the relevant research documents were obtained with the resistance exercise elements as the main axis for comprehensive analysis. Results and conclusion (1) Resistance exercise can have a beneficial effect on the brain function of the elderly through blood flow changes, stimulate nerve conduction substances and endocrine metabolism, promote cerebrovascular regeneration and gray matter volume of the brain, and prevent or delay the cognitive function degradation such as memory and attention of the elderly; (2) Acute resistance can temporarily stimulate hormone secretion in vivo and significantly improve the effect of short-term memory test, but it has little effect on the cognitive performance of the elderly; (3) Moderate-high intensity resistance exercise (50-80%1RM, 1-3 times/week, 2-3 groups/time) lasting for at least 6 months is more prominent for the improvement of cognitive function of the elderly, while the parameters such as resistance exercise intensity, exercise amount, duration, evaluation test time and differences of subjects may have different degrees of influence on cognitive benefits.
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Hung SH, Kramer S, Werden E, Campbell BCV, Brodtmann A. Pre-stroke Physical Activity and Cerebral Collateral Circulation in Ischemic Stroke: A Potential Therapeutic Relationship? Front Neurol 2022; 13:804187. [PMID: 35242097 PMCID: PMC8886237 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.804187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Favorable cerebral collateral circulation contributes to hindering penumbral tissue from progressing to infarction and is associated with positive clinical outcomes after stroke. Given its clinical importance, improving cerebral collateral circulation is considered a therapeutic target to reduce burden after stroke. We provide a hypothesis-generating discussion on the potential association between pre-stroke physical activity and cerebral collateral circulation in ischemic stroke. The recruitment of cerebral collaterals in acute ischemic stroke may depend on anatomical variations, capacity of collateral vessels to vasodilate, and individual risk factors. Physical activity is associated with improved cerebral endothelial and vascular function related to vasodilation and angiogenic adaptations, and risk reduction in individual risk factors. More research is needed to understand association between cerebral collateral circulation and physical activity. A presentation of different methodological considerations for measuring cerebral collateral circulation and pre-stroke physical activity in the context of acute ischemic stroke is included. Opportunities for future research into cerebral collateral circulation, physical activity, and stroke recovery is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Hughwa Hung
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sharon Kramer
- Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research, Alfred Health Partnership, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Emilio Werden
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce C V Campbell
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy Brodtmann
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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12
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Mu X, Yu K, Long P, Niu R, Li W, Chen H, Gao H, Li X, Yuan Y, Yang H, Zhang X, He MA, Liu G, Guo H, Wu T. Leisure-time physical activity and risk of incident cardiovascular disease in Chinese retired adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24202. [PMID: 34921190 PMCID: PMC8683485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The optimum amounts and types of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention among Chinese retired adults are unclear. The prospective study enrolled 26,584 participants (mean age [SD]: 63.3 [8.4]) without baseline disease from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort in 2013. Cox-proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During a mean 5.0 (1.5) years of follow-up, 5704 incident CVD cases were documented. Compared with less than 7.5 metabolic equivalent of task-hours per week (MET-hours/week) of LTPA, participating LTPA for 22.5-37.5 MET-hours/week, which was equivalent to 3 to 5 times the world health organization (WHO) recommended minimum, was associated with a 18% (95% CI 9 to 25%) lower CVD risk; however, no significant additional benefit was gained when exceeding 37.5 MET-hours/week. Each log10 increment of MET-hours/week in square dancing and cycling was associated with 11% (95% CI 2 to 20%) and 32% (95% CI 21 to 41%), respectively, lower risk of incident CVD. In Chinese retired adults, higher LTPA levels were associated with lower CVD risk, with a benefit threshold at 3 to 5 times the recommended physical activity minimum. Encouraging participation in square dancing and cycling might gain favourable cardiovascular benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanwen Mu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hongkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Kuai Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hongkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Pinpin Long
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hongkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Rundong Niu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hongkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wending Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hongkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Huiting Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hongkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hongkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hongkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hongkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Handong Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hongkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Mei-An He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hongkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hongkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hongkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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13
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Kufner A, Khalil AA, Galinovic I, Kellner E, Mekle R, Rackoll T, Boehm-Sturm P, Fiebach JB, Flöel A, Ebinger M, Endres M, Nave AH. Magnetic resonance imaging-based changes in vascular morphology and cerebral perfusion in subacute ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2617-2627. [PMID: 33866849 PMCID: PMC8504415 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
MRI-based vessel size imaging (VSI) allows for in-vivo assessment of cerebral microvasculature and perfusion. This exploratory analysis of vessel size (VS) and density (Q; both assessed via VSI) in the subacute phase of ischemic stroke involved sixty-two patients from the BAPTISe cohort ('Biomarkers And Perfusion--Training-Induced changes after Stroke') nested within a randomized controlled trial (intervention: 4-week training vs. relaxation). Relative VS, Q, cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and -flow (rCBF) were calculated for: ischemic lesion, perilesional tissue, and region corresponding to ischemic lesion on the contralateral side (mirrored lesion). Linear mixed-models detected significantly increased rVS and decreased rQ within the ischemic lesion compared to the mirrored lesion (coefficient[standard error]: 0.2[0.08] p = 0.03 and -1.0[0.3] p = 0.02, respectively); lesion rCBF and rCBV were also significantly reduced. Mixed-models did not identify time-to-MRI, nor training as modifying factors in terms of rVS or rQ up to two months post-stroke. Larger lesion VS was associated with larger lesion volumes (β 34, 95%CI 6.2-62; p = 0.02) and higher baseline NIHSS (β 3.0, 95%CI 0.49-5.3;p = 0.02), but was not predictive of six-month outcome. In summary, VSI can assess the cerebral microvasculature and tissue perfusion in the subacute phases of ischemic stroke, and may carry relevant prognostic value in terms of lesion volume and stroke severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kufner
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ahmed A Khalil
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Plank Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivana Galinovic
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elias Kellner
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Mekle
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Rackoll
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,QUEST Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,ExcellenceCluster NeuroCure, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Boehm-Sturm
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen B Fiebach
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Partner Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Ebinger
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Medical Park Berlin Humboldtmühle, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,ExcellenceCluster NeuroCure, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander H Nave
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
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14
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Dekens DW, Eisel ULM, Gouweleeuw L, Schoemaker RG, De Deyn PP, Naudé PJW. Lipocalin 2 as a link between ageing, risk factor conditions and age-related brain diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101414. [PMID: 34325073 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic (neuro)inflammation plays an important role in many age-related central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and vascular dementia. Inflammation also characterizes many conditions that form a risk factor for these CNS disorders, such as physical inactivity, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is an inflammatory protein shown to be involved in different age-related CNS diseases, as well as risk factor conditions thereof. Lcn2 expression is increased in the periphery and the brain in different age-related CNS diseases and also their risk factor conditions. Experimental studies indicate that Lcn2 contributes to various neuropathophysiological processes of age-related CNS diseases, including exacerbated neuroinflammation, cell death and iron dysregulation, which may negatively impact cognitive function. We hypothesize that increased Lcn2 levels as a result of age-related risk factor conditions may sensitize the brain and increase the risk to develop age-related CNS diseases. In this review we first provide a comprehensive overview of the known functions of Lcn2, and its effects in the CNS. Subsequently, this review explores Lcn2 as a potential (neuro)inflammatory link between different risk factor conditions and the development of age-related CNS disorders. Altogether, evidence convincingly indicates Lcn2 as a key constituent in ageing and age-related brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doortje W Dekens
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich L M Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Leonie Gouweleeuw
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Regien G Schoemaker
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Petrus J W Naudé
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute, Brain Behaviour Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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15
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Nave AH, Endres M. [Lifestyle changes for stroke prevention]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2021; 146:787-792. [PMID: 34130320 DOI: 10.1055/a-1221-6985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Changes of lifestyle have a substantial effect on stroke prevention, especially in high-risk patients. Maintaining a healthier lifestyle can have greater effects than most pharmacological therapies of cardiovascular prevention. For example, increasing the amount of physical activity, adopting a healthy diet, limiting alcohol consumption and quitting smoking are associated with a 70 % decrease in stroke risk. Despite the abundance of observational data and meta-analyses assessing the association of different lifestyle changes and stroke risk, the literature frequently lacks evidence from randomized controlled clinical trial. This article will provide an overview of various forms of lifestyle changes and summarize their potential to modify the risk of stroke.
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16
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Galectin-1 Contributes to Vascular Remodeling and Blood Flow Recovery After Cerebral Ischemia in Mice. Transl Stroke Res 2021; 13:160-170. [PMID: 33973144 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-021-00913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-1 is found in the vasculature and has been confirmed to promote angiogenesis in several cancer models. Furthermore, galectin-1 has been demonstrated to improve the recovery of cerebral ischemia. However, whether vascular remodeling contributes to this improvement is still unknown. In the present study, photochemical cerebral ischemia was induced in both galectin-1-treated (2 μg/day, i.c.v, 3 days) and galectin-1 knockout mice. Laser speckle imaging and immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that circulation and vascular remodeling in the ischemic cortex were improved by galectin-1 treatment but disrupted in galectin-1 knockout mice. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of matrix metallopeptidase-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was regulated by galectin-1 in vivo. To determine how galectin-1 influences endothelial cells, the expression of galectin-1 in bEnd.3 cells was increased by transfection with an expression plasmid and knocked down by siRNA. As demonstrated by quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis, the expression of metallopeptidase-9, VEGF, and VEGF receptors was upregulated by galectin-1 overexpression but downregulated after galectin-1 knockdown. Flow cytometry, Transwell assay, and capillary-like tube formation assay were performed on cells after gene manipulation as well as cells treated by exogenous galectin-1 after anoxia. It demonstrated that galectin-1 potentiated the cell proliferation, migration capacity, and tube formation ability. Taken together, these data suggest that by targeting vascular remodeling, galectin-1 contributes to the restoration of blood flow, which promotes the recovery of mice after cerebral ischemic insults.
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17
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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Brain Function and Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084052. [PMID: 33919972 PMCID: PMC8070923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As life expectancy has increased, particularly in developed countries, due to medical advances and increased prosperity, age-related neurological diseases and mental health disorders have become more prevalent health issues, reducing the well-being and quality of life of sufferers and their families. In recent decades, due to reduced work-related levels of physical activity, and key research insights, prescribing adequate exercise has become an innovative strategy to prevent or delay the onset of these pathologies and has been demonstrated to have therapeutic benefits when used as a sole or combination treatment. Recent evidence suggests that the beneficial effects of exercise on the brain are related to several underlying mechanisms related to muscle–brain, liver–brain and gut–brain crosstalk. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the most relevant current knowledge of the impact of exercise on mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, and to highlight the established and potential underlying mechanisms involved in exercise–brain communication and their benefits for physiology and brain function.
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18
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Shu Y, He Q, Xie Y, Zhang W, Zhai S, Wu T. Cognitive Gains of Aerobic Exercise in Patients With Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:582380. [PMID: 33392183 PMCID: PMC7775417 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.582380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cognitive impairment has become an important problem in ischemic cerebrovascular disorder survivors as disease related deaths have been significantly reduced. Aerobic exercise, the most prevalent mode of physical activity, positively contributes to cognition in both healthy population and people with cognitive impairment. However, studies on its associations with cognitive gains in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease showed mixed findings. Objective: To explore the cognitive effects of aerobic exercise on ischemic cerebrovascular disorder survivors and investigate the possible moderators on exercise benefits. Method: Randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of sole aerobic exercise on cognitive function in population with ischemic intracranial vascular disorder compared to any control group who did not receive the intervention were enrolled in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Four online database (Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science) were searched. Results: The initial search returned 1,522 citations and ultimately 11 studies were included in the systematic review. Analysis of seven studies showed the beneficial but not statistically significant impact of aerobic exercise on global cognitive function (0.13; 95% Cl -0.09 to 0.35; p = 0.25). Participants already with cognitive impairment benefited more from this intervention (0.31; 95% Cl 0.07-0.55; p = 0.01) and moderate intensity might be the optimal choice (0.34; 95% Cl -0.01 to 0.69; p = 0.06). The program duration and initiation time after stroke occurrence did not predict better cognitive outcome. Aerobic exercise was not associated with improvement of processing speed and executive function, the two subdomains of cognitive function. Conclusions: Aerobic exercise may contribute to cognitive gains in survivors of ischemic cerebrovascular disorder, especially for population already with cognitive decline. Our findings suggest that the adoption of moderate intensity aerobic exercise might improve cognition in such population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Shu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanrong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Zhai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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19
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Di Raimondo D, Rizzo G, Musiari G, Tuttolomondo A, Pinto A. Role of Regular Physical Activity in Neuroprotection against Acute Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239086. [PMID: 33260365 PMCID: PMC7731306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major obstacles that prevents an effective therapeutic intervention against ischemic stroke is the lack of neuroprotective agents able to reduce neuronal damage; this results in frequent evolution towards a long-term disability with limited alternatives available to aid in recovery. Nevertheless, various treatment options have shown clinical efficacy. Neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), widely produced throughout the brain, but also in distant tissues such as the muscle, have demonstrated regenerative properties with the potential to restore damaged neural tissue. Neurotrophins play a significant role in both protection and recovery of function following neurological diseases such as ischemic stroke or traumatic brain injury. Unfortunately, the efficacy of exogenous administration of these neurotrophins is limited by rapid degradation with subsequent poor half-life and a lack of blood-brain-barrier permeability. Regular exercise seems to be a therapeutic approach able to induce the activation of several pathways related to the neurotrophins release. Exercise, furthermore, reduces the infarct volume in the ischemic brain and ameliorates motor function in animal models increasing astrocyte proliferation, inducing angiogenesis and reducing neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress. One of the most critical issues is to identify the relationship between neurotrophins and myokines, newly discovered skeletal muscle-derived factors released during and after exercise able to exert several biological functions. Various myokines (e.g., Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1, Irisin) have recently shown their ability to protects against neuronal injury in cerebral ischemia models, suggesting that these substances may influence the degree of neuronal damage in part via inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways. The aim of this narrative review is to examine the main experimental data available to date on the neuroprotective and anti-ischemic role of regular exercise, analyzing also the possible role played by neurotrophins and myokines.
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20
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Zhang D, Lu Y, Zhao X, Zhang Q, Li L. Aerobic exercise attenuates neurodegeneration and promotes functional recovery - Why it matters for neurorehabilitation & neural repair. Neurochem Int 2020; 141:104862. [PMID: 33031857 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise facilitates optimal neurological function and exerts beneficial effects in neurologic injuries. Both animal and clinical studies have shown that aerobic exercise reduces brain lesion volume and improves multiple aspects of cognition and motor function after stroke. Studies using animal models have proposed a wide range of potential molecular mechanisms that underlie the neurological benefits of aerobic exercise. Furthermore, additional exercise parameters, including time of initiation, exercise dosage (exercise duration and intensity), and treatment modality are also critical for clinical application, as identifying the optimal combination of parameters will afford patients with maximal functional gains. To clarify these issues, the current review summarizes the known neurological benefits of aerobic exercise under both physiological and pathological conditions and then considers the molecular mechanisms underlying these benefits in the contexts of stroke-like focal cerebral ischemia and cardiac arrest-induced global cerebral ischemia. In addition, we explore the key roles of exercise parameters on the extent of aerobic exercise-induced neurological benefits to elucidate the optimal combination for aerobic exercise intervention. Finally, the current challenges for aerobic exercise implementation after stroke are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Department of General Practice & Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Yujiao Lu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of General Practice & Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Lei Li
- Department of General Practice & Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China.
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Duda BM, Keith CM, Sweet LH. CHA2DS2-VASc Stroke Risk Index and Executive Functioning in Older Adults. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2020; 35:155-164. [PMID: 31423534 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acz031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CHA2DS2-VASc is a stroke risk classification system developed to improve the precision of stroke risk classification. The current study examined the validity of CHA2DS2-VASc in a sample of healthy older adults using executive function measures of processing speed, working memory, and cognitive flexibility that are sensitive to cerebrovascular risk factors. METHODS Participants included 51 community-dwelling, healthy older adults (ages 53-86) recruited from both the community and cardiology clinics. CHA2DS2-VASc was utilized as a measure of stroke risk. Measures of executive functioning and processing speed included the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (DKEFS) Number-Letter Switching, and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) Coding. RESULTS CHA2DS2-VASc scores significantly predicted scores on the PASAT, DKEFS Number-Letter Switching, and RBANS Coding, such that greater stroke risk was associated with poorer performances on tests of executive functioning and processing speed. These relationships were observed over and above the potential influence of educational attainment and symptoms of depression. CONCLUSION Significant relations between stroke risk classification and performance on several measures of executive functioning provide support for a wider and more generalized use of CHA2DS2-VASc with healthy older adults. These findings further highlight the importance of early identification and treatment of stroke risk factors associated with cognitive decline. Findings suggest that CHA2DS2-VASc is a practical and useful tool for patients and their providers in the early detection of stroke risk and development of individualized treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant M Duda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Cierra M Keith
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Lawrence H Sweet
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Aerobic exercise increases sprouting angiogenesis in the male rat motor cortex. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:2301-2314. [PMID: 32918614 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is beneficial to brain health, and historically, the advantageous effects of exercise on the brain have been attributed to neuronal plasticity. However, it has also become clear that the brain vascular system also exhibits plasticity in response to exercise. This plasticity occurs in areas involved in movement, such as the motor cortex. This experiment aimed to further characterize the effects of exercise on structural vascular plasticity in the male rat motor cortex, by specifically identifying whether features of angiogenesis, the growth of new capillaries, or changes in vessel diameter were present. Male rats in the exercise group engaged in a 5-week bout of voluntary wheel running, while a second group of rats remained sedentary. After the exercise regimen, vascular corrosion casts, resin replicas of the brain vasculature, were made for all animals and imaged using a scanning electron microscope. Results indicate sprouting angiogenesis was the primary form of structural vascular plasticity detected in the motor cortex under these aerobic exercise parameters. Additionally, exercised rats displayed a slight increase in capillary diameter and expanded endothelial cell nuclei diameters in this region.
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Freitas-Andrade M, Raman-Nair J, Lacoste B. Structural and Functional Remodeling of the Brain Vasculature Following Stroke. Front Physiol 2020; 11:948. [PMID: 32848875 PMCID: PMC7433746 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of cerebral blood vessel integrity and regulation of cerebral blood flow ensure proper brain function. The adult human brain represents only a small portion of the body mass, yet about a quarter of the cardiac output is dedicated to energy consumption by brain cells at rest. Due to a low capacity to store energy, brain health is heavily reliant on a steady supply of oxygen and nutrients from the bloodstream, and is thus particularly vulnerable to stroke. Stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. By transiently or permanently limiting tissue perfusion, stroke alters vascular integrity and function, compromising brain homeostasis and leading to widespread consequences from early-onset motor deficits to long-term cognitive decline. While numerous lines of investigation have been undertaken to develop new pharmacological therapies for stroke, only few advances have been made and most clinical trials have failed. Overall, our understanding of the acute and chronic vascular responses to stroke is insufficient, yet a better comprehension of cerebrovascular remodeling following stroke is an essential prerequisite for developing novel therapeutic options. In this review, we present a comprehensive update on post-stroke cerebrovascular remodeling, an important and growing field in neuroscience, by discussing cellular and molecular mechanisms involved, sex differences, limitations of preclinical research design and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Raman-Nair
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Baptiste Lacoste
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Stretton CM, Mudge S, Kayes NM, McPherson KM. What does real-world walking mean to people with stroke? An interpretive descriptive study. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 44:315-322. [PMID: 32466665 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1767704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Understanding personal experiences of real-world walking for stroke survivors could assist clinicians to tailor interventions to their clients' specific needs. We explored the research questions: "What does real-world walking mean to people after stroke and how do they think it can be better?"Method: Using an Interpretive Descriptive methodology, we purposively sampled eight stroke survivors who reported difficulty walking in the real-world. We sought diversity on key participant characteristics. Participants were interviewed using a semi-structured guide. Data were analysed with thematic analysis.Results: Many found real-world walking, particularly in the outdoors, created opportunities for freedom from dependence and a visible step by step progress, which generated hope for future recovery. Conversely, when participants did not experience sufficient progress, they expressed negative emotions. Participants strove to overcome challenges to their walking goals using everyday routines, planning skills, and confidence building experiences to motivate themselves. They also drew on, and extended, social resources highlighting the relational aspects of real-world walking.Conclusions: Walking in their real-world provided a meaningful, desirable, but challenging goal for participants that required significant emotional effort. Successful progress in real-world walking builds confidence and hope and can contribute to psychological wellbeing by providing opportunities for successful mastery and social connectedness.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONReal-world settings can be unpredictable which makes walking in the real-world after stroke demanding.Positive experiences of walking in the real-world can provide significant psychological benefits to stroke survivors.Many survivors need to carefully concentrate on the act of walking in outdoor settings.Pre-planning routes, confidence-building experiences and developing daily routines may help patients overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Stretton
- Centre for Person Centred Research (PCR), School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Interprofessional Health Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Suzie Mudge
- Centre for Person Centred Research (PCR), School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicola M Kayes
- Centre for Person Centred Research (PCR), School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn M McPherson
- Centre for Person Centred Research (PCR), School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Auckland, New Zealand
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Stevenson ME, Kay JJM, Atry F, Wickstrom AT, Krueger JR, Pashaie RE, Swain RA. Wheel running for 26 weeks is associated with sustained vascular plasticity in the rat motor cortex. Behav Brain Res 2020; 380:112447. [PMID: 31870777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Vascular pathologies represent the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The nervous system has evolved mechanisms to compensate for the cerebral hypoxia caused by many of these conditions. Vessel dilation and growth of new vessels are two prominent responses to hypoxia, both of which play a critical role in maintaining cerebral homeostasis. One way to facilitate cerebrovascular plasticity, and develop neuroprotection against vascular pathologies, is through aerobic exercise. The present study explored the long-term consequences of aerobic exercise on vascular structure and function in the motor cortex. Rats were assigned to a sedentary condition or were provided access to running wheels for 26 weeks. Rats were then anesthetized, and angiograms were captured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to explore cerebrovascular reactivity in response to altered oxygen and carbon dioxide status. Following this procedure, all rats were euthanized, and unbiased stereological quantification of blood vessel density was collected from sections of the primary motor cortex infused with India ink. Results demonstrated that chronic exercise increased capillary and arteriole surface area densities and enhanced arteriole reactivity in response to hypercapnia-hypoxia, as displayed by increased vasodilation within the motor cortex of exercised animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E Stevenson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, United States
| | - Jacob J M Kay
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, United States
| | - Farid Atry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | | | - Ramin E Pashaie
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Rodney A Swain
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, United States.
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Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity all around the world. Identification of stroke risk factors and protective lifestyles is necessary for optimizing personalized treatment and reducing mortality. Sedentary lifestyle is a well-known modifiable risk factor in primary and secondary stroke prevention. Also, in recent years, exercise has been described as a neuroprotective and neuroreparative factor. Here we summarized the existing available evidence of the relationship between physical activity and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen García-Cabo
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elena López-Cancio
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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Agbangla NF, Fraser SA, Albinet CT. An Overview of the Cardiorespiratory Hypothesis and Its Potential Contribution to the Care of Neurodegenerative Disease in Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55090601. [PMID: 31533346 PMCID: PMC6780802 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55090601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One hypothesis that could explain the beneficial effects of physical exercise on cognitive function is the cardiorespiratory hypothesis. This hypothesis proposes that improved cognitive functioning may be in part a result of the physiological processes that occur after physical exercise such as: Increased cerebral perfusion and regional cerebral blood flow. These processes ensure increased oxygenation and glucose transportation to the brain, which together can improve cognitive function. The objective of this narrative review is to examine the contribution of this hypothesis in the care of African older adults with neurodegenerative conditions (i.e., dementia (Alzheimer’s disease)) or with mild cognitive impairments. Although studies in developed countries have examined people of African descent (i.e., with African Americans), only the limited findings presented in this review reflect how these conditions are also important for the African continent. This review revealed that no studies have examined the effects of cardiorespiratory fitness on neurodegenerative disease in Africa. African nations, like many other developing countries, have an aging population that is growing and will face an increased risk of neurodegenerative declines. It is therefore imperative that new research projects be developed to explore the role of the cardiorespiratory fitness in neurodegenerative disease prevention in African nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nounagnon Frutueux Agbangla
- Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société (URePSSS-EA 7369), Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Sarah A Fraser
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5S9, Canada.
| | - Cédric T Albinet
- Laboratoire Sciences de la Cognition, Technologie, Ergonomie (SCoTE-EA7420), Université de Toulouse, INU Champollion, 81012 Albi, France.
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Kim SY, Park JH, Lee MY, Oh KS, Shin DW, Shin YC. Physical activity and the prevention of depression: A cohort study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2019; 60:90-97. [PMID: 31376646 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify the optimal amount and appropriate state of physical activity for reducing incident depressive symptoms. METHOD The data of 107,901 Korean adults who had undergone at least two annual health examinations from 2012 to 2015 were analyzed. At baseline, the amount of physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form and metabolic equivalents (METs)-min/wk., which is the amount of oxygen consumed while sitting at rest per week. In addition, one-year changes in physical activity were categorized into four groups: persistent sedentary, maintenance, relapse, and adoption groups. For the study's endpoint, new-onset depressive symptoms (score of ≥21) were considered, defined by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Rating Scale for Depression. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify the optimal amount and appropriate state of physical activity for reducing incident depressive symptoms. RESULTS Compared with sedentary status (<600 METs-min/wk), achieving 1200-3000 METs-min/wk. was associated with a lower risk of incident depressive symptoms, illustrating a U-shaped relationship. The results show that the amount of physical activity for reducing the onset of depressive symptoms was higher for men (1800-3000 METs-min/wk.: HR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.74-0.95]) than women (1200-1800 METs-min/wk.: HR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.71-0.99]). In terms of one-year changes in physical activity, compared to the persistent sedentary group, the maintenance group was associated with a lower risk of the development of depressive symptoms in both sexes (men: HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.71-0.93]; women: HR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.75-0.94]). Women in the adoption group showed a positive effect in terms of a decrease in incident depressive symptoms (HR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.76-0.99]). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests an optimal amount of physical activity for reducing the onset of depressive symptoms. In addition, maintaining an appropriate level of physical activity for one year proved beneficial for decreasing incident depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Ewha Woman's University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Women's University College of Medicine, 260, Gonghang-daero, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Park
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Yeon Lee
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of R&D Management, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Seob Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Won Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea; Workplace Mental Health Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Preobrazhenskaya IS, Fantalis D, Abdyshova SA, Kindarova AA. Non-drug therapies for cognitive impairment. NEUROLOGY, NEUROPSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOSOMATICS 2019. [DOI: 10.14412/2074-2711-2019-3s-68-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The review considers basic methods for non-drug correction of cognitive disorders, as well as a combined approach, including the use of drugs and cognitive-motor training in the rehabilitation of patients with impaired cognitive functions. The authors present their own data on the efficiency of non-drug therapies in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. S. Preobrazhenskaya
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - D. Fantalis
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - S. A. Abdyshova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - A. A. Kindarova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia
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Wang S, Shen B, Wu M, Chen C, Wang J. Effects of socioeconomic status on risk of ischemic stroke: a case-control study in the Guangzhou population. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:648. [PMID: 31138167 PMCID: PMC6537313 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6998-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between socioeconomic status (SES) and stroke risk remains controversial around the world. It is not clear that the effect of SES on stroke in China due to the lack of relevant research. We aimed to assess the association between SES and risks of first-ever ischemic stroke in Guangzhou, China. METHODS Cases were recruited from neurology department in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University during September 2016-October 2017. Age- and sex-matched controls were derived from surgical departments, over the same period. SES was assessed based on education, occupation, and income. Education was divided into ≤6 years, 6-9 years, 10-12 years, and > 12 years. Family monthly income per capita was categorized into ≤¥1000, ¥1001-3000, ¥3001-5000, and > ¥5001. Occupation was stratified into manual, non-manual, no job, and retired. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine the association between SES and risk of ischemic stroke. RESULTS In total, 347 ischemic stroke patients and 347 controls were recruited, with mean ages of 60.54 ± 13.13 and 60.56 ± 13.07 years, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, odds ratio (OR) for 6-9 years of education was 2.63 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45-4.75); > 12 years, 2.18 (1.25-3.82) compared with those for < 6 years of education. ORs for the second lowest, third lowest, and highest incomes were 1.96 (1.21-3.15), 4.16 (2.39-7.22), and 2.83(1.25-6.39), respectively, compared with those for the lowest income. ORs for manual workers and non-manual workers were 1.95 (1.23-3.07) and 1.87 (1.05-3.33), compared with individuals without jobs. CONCLUSIONS Higher SES is positively related with risks of ischemic stroke, explained by cardiovascular diseases and unhealthy lifestyles in Guangzhou, China. Thus, effective strategies such as extensive health education, promoting a healthy lifestyle, screening for risk factors to prevent stroke should be implemented to reduce ischemic stroke incidences among the high SES group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siping Wang
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Binyan Shen
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Meiting Wu
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Ciyu Chen
- Department of neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
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31
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Olver TD, Laughlin MH, Padilla J. Exercise and Vascular Insulin Sensitivity in the Skeletal Muscle and Brain. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2019; 47:66-74. [PMID: 30883470 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We present the hypothesis that exercise-induced hyperemia, perhaps through vascular shear stress, represents an important factor responsible for the effects of physical activity (PA) on vascular insulin sensitivity. Specifically, we postulate PA involving the greatest amount of skeletal muscle mass and the greatest central neural recruitment maximizes perfusion and consequently enhances vascular insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dylan Olver
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - M Harold Laughlin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, and.,Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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The Impact of Physical Activity Before and After Stroke on Stroke Risk and Recovery: a Narrative Review. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2019; 19:28. [PMID: 31011851 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-019-0949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Summarising the evidence for pre- and post-stroke physical activity (PA) and exercise to reduce stroke risk, and improve recovery and brain health. RECENT FINDINGS Pre-stroke PA reduces the risk of stroke, and post-stroke PA and exercise reduce cardiovascular risk factors, which can moderate the risk of recurrent strokes. Pre-clinical evidence indicates that exercise enhances neuroplasticity. The results from clinical studies showed that exercise changes brain activity patterns in stroke survivors, which can be a signal neuroplasticity. The intensity of pre- and post-stroke PA and exercise is a key factor with higher intensities leading to greater benefits, including improvement in fitness. Having low fitness levels is an independent predictor for increased risk of stroke. Higher intensity leads to greater benefits; however, the optimum intensity of PA and exercise is yet unknown and needs to be further investigated. Strategies to decrease sedentary behaviour and improve fitness need to be considered.
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Marston KJ, Brown BM, Rainey-Smith SR, Peiffer JJ. Resistance Exercise-Induced Responses in Physiological Factors Linked with Cognitive Health. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 68:39-64. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-181079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran J. Marston
- Department of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Ageing, Cognition and Exercise (ACE) Research Group, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Belinda M. Brown
- Department of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Ageing, Cognition and Exercise (ACE) Research Group, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith
- Ageing, Cognition and Exercise (ACE) Research Group, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jeremiah J. Peiffer
- Department of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Ageing, Cognition and Exercise (ACE) Research Group, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Stringuetta Belik F, Oliveira E Silva V, Braga G, Bazan R, Perez Vogt B, Costa Teixeira Caramori J, Barretti P, de Souza Gonçalves R, Fortes Villas Bôas P, Hueb J, Martin L, da Silva Franco R. Influence of Intradialytic Aerobic Training in Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognitive Function in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Nephron Clin Pract 2018; 140:9-17. [DOI: 10.1159/000490005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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35
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Rzechorzek W, Zhang H, Buckley BK, Hua K, Pomp D, Faber JE. Aerobic exercise prevents rarefaction of pial collaterals and increased stroke severity that occur with aging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:3544-3555. [PMID: 28685617 PMCID: PMC5669350 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17718966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Variation in extent of the brain's collateral circulation is an important determinant of variation in the severity of stroke and efficacy of revascularization therapies. However, the number and diameter of pial collateral "arterioles" decrease with aging in associated with reduced eNOS and increased oxidative stress. We tested whether exercise reduces this aging-induced rarefaction. Twelve-month-old mice were randomized to sedentary or voluntary wheel-running. At 26 months' age, permanent MCA occlusion was followed 72 h later by determination of infarct volume and vascular casting after maximal dilation. The decline in collateral number and diameter and 2.4-fold increase in infarct volume evident in 26-versus 3-month-old sedentary mice were prevented by exercise-training. In contrast, number and diameter of the posterior communicating collateral "arteries" were unaffected by aging or exercise. Interestingly, diameter of the primary intracranial arteries increased with aging. Mechanistically, genetic overexpression of eNOS inhibited age-induced collateral rarefaction, and exercise increased eNOS and SOD2 and decreased the inflammatory marker NFkB assessed in hindlimb arteries. In conclusion, exercise prevented age-induced rarefaction of pial collaterals and reduced infarct volume. Aging also promoted outward remodeling of intracranial arteries. These effects were associated with increased eNOS and reduced markers of inflammation and aging in the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Rzechorzek
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brian K Buckley
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kunjie Hua
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Pomp
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James E Faber
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Lin T, Lai Z, Lv Y, Qu J, Zuo Z, You H, Wu B, Hou B, Liu C, Feng F. Effective collateral circulation may indicate improved perfusion territory restoration after carotid endarterectomy. Eur Radiol 2017; 28:727-735. [PMID: 28894898 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-5020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between the level of collateral circulation and perfusion territory normalisation after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). METHODS This study enrolled 22 patients with severe carotid stenosis that underwent CEA and 54 volunteers without significant carotid stenosis. All patients were scanned with ASL and t-ASL within 1 month before and 1 week after CEA. Collateral circulation was assessed on preoperative ASL images based on the presence of ATA. The postoperative flow territories were considered as back to normal if they conformed to the perfusion territory map in a healthy population. Neuropsychological tests were performed on patients before and within 7 days after surgery. RESULTS ATA-based collateral score assessed on preoperative ASL was significantly higher in the flow territory normalisation group (n=11, 50 %) after CEA (P < 0.0001). The MMSE (mean change=1.36±0.96) and MOCA (mean change=1.18±0.95) test scores showed a significant postoperative (7 days after CEA) improvement in the flow territory normalisation group [>mean differences+2SD among control (MMSE=1.35, MOCA=1.02)]. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that effective collateral flow in carotid stenosis patients was associated with normalisation of t-ASL perfusion territory after CEA. The perfusion territory normalisation group tends to have more cognitive improvement after CEA. KEY POINTS • Evaluation of collaterals before CEA is helpful for avoiding ischaemia during clamping. • There was good agreement on ATA-based ASL collateral grading. • Perfusion territories in carotid stenosis patients are altered. • Patients have better collateral circulation with perfusion territory back to normal. • MMSE and MOCA test scores improved more in the territory normalisation group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianye Lin
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichao Lai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, China
| | - Yuelei Lv
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxun Qu
- GE Healthcare, MR Research China, Beijing, China
| | - Zhentao Zuo
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui You
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Wu
- GE Healthcare, MR Research China, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Hou
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, China
| | - Changwei Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, China.
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, China.
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Chen CK, Hsu PY, Wang TM, Miao ZF, Lin RT, Juo SHH. TRPV4 Activation Contributes Functional Recovery from Ischemic Stroke via Angiogenesis and Neurogenesis. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4127-4135. [PMID: 28597396 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) plays a crucial role in vascular remodeling; however, TRPV4-mediated angiogenesis after ischemic neuronal death as a neurorestorative strategy has not yet been thoroughly examined. In this study, we first tested whether TRPV4 activation can improve functional recovery in rats subjected to transient brain ischemia. The possible mechanisms for TRPV4 activation-promoted functional recovery were explored. A TRPV4 agonist, 4α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4α-PDD), was intravenously injected via the tail vein at 6 h and 1, 2, 3, 4 days after ischemic stroke. The treatment reduced infarct volume by almost 50% (14.7 ± 3.7 vs. 29.2 ± 6.2%; p < 0.0001) and improved functional outcomes (p = 0.03) on day 5. To explore the therapeutic mechanism, we measured endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and phosphorylation, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) signaling, and neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs). TRPV4 activation significantly increased eNOS expression and phosphorylation (serine 1177) by more than 2-fold in the ischemic region. The expressions of VEGFA and VEGF receptor-2 were significantly higher in the treated animals, especially an increase of the proangiogenic VEGFA164a isoform while a decrease of the antiangiogenic VEGFA165b isoform. We evaluated angiogenesis by detecting microvessel density in ischemic region. Using the immunohistochemistry staining, we found that 4α-PDD treatment caused a 3.4-fold increase of microvessel density (p < 0.0001). In addition, NPC proliferation and migration in the ischemic hemisphere were increased by 3-fold and 5-fold, respectively. In conclusion, our data suggest that TRPV4 activation by 4α-PDD may improve poststroke functional improvement through angiogenesis and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Kai Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Collage of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Feng Miao
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Tay Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Hang H Juo
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Center for Myopia and Eye Disease, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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38
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Leeuwis AE, Hooghiemstra AM, Amier R, Ferro DA, Franken L, Nijveldt R, Kuijer JP, Bronzwaer ASG, van Lieshout JJ, Rietberg MB, Veerbeek JM, Huijsmans RJ, Backx FJ, Teunissen CE, Bron EE, Barkhof F, Prins ND, Shahzad R, Niessen WJ, de Roos A, van Osch MJ, van Rossum AC, Biessels GJ, van der Flier WM. Design of the ExCersion-VCI study: The effect of aerobic exercise on cerebral perfusion in patients with vascular cognitive impairment. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2017; 3:157-165. [PMID: 29067325 PMCID: PMC5651416 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence for a beneficial effect of aerobic exercise on cognition, but underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we test the hypothesis that aerobic exercise increases cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). This study is a multicenter single-blind randomized controlled trial among 80 patients with VCI. Most important inclusion criteria are a diagnosis of VCI with Mini-Mental State Examination ≥22 and Clinical Dementia Rating ≤0.5. Participants are randomized into an aerobic exercise group or a control group. The aerobic exercise program aims to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and takes 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week. Participants are provided with a bicycle ergometer at home. The control group receives two information meetings. Primary outcome measure is change in CBF. We expect this study to provide insight into the potential mechanism by which aerobic exercise improves hemodynamic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Leeuwis
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid M. Hooghiemstra
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raquel Amier
- Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Doeschka A. Ferro
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie Franken
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Nijveldt
- Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P.A. Kuijer
- Department of Physics and Medical Technology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Sophie G.T. Bronzwaer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Physiology, Center for Heart Failure Research, Academic, Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes J. van Lieshout
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Physiology, Center for Heart Failure Research, Academic, Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marc B. Rietberg
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janne M. Veerbeek
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalie J. Huijsmans
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J.G. Backx
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science and Sport, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther E. Bron
- Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Departments of Medical Informations and Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Healthcare Engineering, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niels D. Prins
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rahil Shahzad
- Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wiro J. Niessen
- Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Departments of Medical Informations and Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Imaging Physics, Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Albert de Roos
- Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for high field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Albert C. van Rossum
- Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert J. Biessels
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M. van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Vanderbeken I, Kerckhofs E. A systematic review of the effect of physical exercise on cognition in stroke and traumatic brain injury patients. NeuroRehabilitation 2017; 40:33-48. [PMID: 27814304 DOI: 10.3233/nre-161388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether physical exercise enhances cognition following TBI or stroke. DATA SOURCES Studies were identified through searches of PubMed, ScienceDirect and the reference lists of papers that were included for full-text evaluation. Medical subject headings from three concepts, i.e. brain injury, physical exercise and cognition, were used to incorporate related search terms. STUDY SELECTION Included were all trials published in English that assessed cognition before and after an exercise intervention in human adults with TBI or stroke. Nine randomized and two non-randomized controlled trials, as well as three single group pre-post studies were included. DATA EXTRACTION Relevant data concerning the methods and results of the included studies were extracted. Methodological quality of the RCT's was evaluated using the PEDro scale. Non-randomized trials were assessed using the Downs and Black checklist. DATA SYNTHESIS The included trials were generally of medium methodological quality, though often plagued with issues of internal and external validity. The studies exhibited great heterogeneity, rendering a meta-analysis infeasible. CONCLUSIONS Though well-designed studies are still needed, the preponderance of evidence suggests a positive effect of physical exercise on global cognitive functioning, especially in the chronic stages of a brain injury. Time after injury as well as the duration of the exercise program are mediating factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Vanderbeken
- Rehabilitation Center Acquired Brain Injuries Turnhout, Turnhout, Belgium
| | - Eric Kerckhofs
- Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.,Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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40
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Phillips SA, Andaku DK, Mendes RG, Caruso FR, Cabiddu R, Jaenisch RB, Arena R, Borghi-Silva A. Exploring Vascular Function Biomarkers: Implications for Rehabilitation. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 32:125-135. [PMID: 28492794 PMCID: PMC5409260 DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2016-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium plays an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis and
regulating blood vessel function. Endothelial function is considered an
independent predictor for risk of future cardiovascular events in cardiovascular
and non-cardiovascular patients, as well as a predictor for postoperative
complications in cardiovascular surgery patients. Brachial artery flow-mediated
dilation by high-resolution ultrasound is widely used to evaluate
endothelium-dependent vasodilation, which is mainly mediated by nitric oxide
release. Physical exercise exerts beneficial effects on endothelial function and
can be used in both primary and secondary prevention of cardiac and peripheral
artery diseases, even in the postoperative period of cardiovascular surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane A Phillips
- Department of Physical Therapy, Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniela Kuguimoto Andaku
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Gonçalves Mendes
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia Rossi Caruso
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ramona Cabiddu
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Boemo Jaenisch
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Audrey Borghi-Silva
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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41
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Kolmos M, Krawcyk RS, Kruuse C. Effect of high-intensity training on endothelial function in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease: A systematic review. SAGE Open Med 2016; 4:2050312116682253. [PMID: 28348736 PMCID: PMC5354182 DOI: 10.1177/2050312116682253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exercise improves endothelial dysfunction, the key manifestation of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, and is recommended in both cardiovascular and cerebrovascular rehabilitation. Disagreement remains, however, on the role of intensity of exercise. The purpose of this review was to gather current knowledge on the effects of high-intensity training versus moderate-intensity continuous exercise on endothelial function in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular patients. METHODS A systematic review was performed in PubMed database, Embase and Cochrane libraries and on PEDro using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies were restricted to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular patients, and healthy subjects as general reference. Interventions comprised of high-intensity training alone, high-intensity training compared to moderate-intensity continuous exercise, or no training, with endothelial function as outcome measure. Endothelial function was measured either physiologically by flow-mediated dilatation and/or by systemic biomarkers. Data were analyzed descriptively due to non-comparability for a meta-analysis to be performed. RESULTS A total of 20 studies were included in the review. Although there was great heterogenecity in design, population and exercise protocols, all studies found high-intensity training to be safe. High-intensity training was equal to moderate-intensity continuous exercise through improvement in endothelial function in 15 of the 20 selected studies, as measured by flow-mediated dilatation, nitric oxide bioavailability and circulating biomarkers. Only a few studies examined high-intensity training in cerebrovascular patients, none with endothelial function as outcome. CONCLUSION High-intensity training is promising as a time-efficient exercise strategy in cardiovascular rehabilitation, but data on endothelial effects in cerebrovascular rehabilitation are warranted. Agreement on a more uniform exercise protocol is essential to further investigate the optimal exercise mode for cerebrovascular rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Kolmos
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Rikke Steen Krawcyk
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Rehabilitation, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Christina Kruuse
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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42
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López-Cancio E, Ricciardi AC, Sobrino T, Cortés J, de la Ossa NP, Millán M, Hernández-Pérez M, Gomis M, Dorado L, Muñoz-Narbona L, Campos F, Arenillas JF, Dávalos A. Reported Prestroke Physical Activity Is Associated with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression and Good Outcomes after Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 26:425-430. [PMID: 28029607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity (PhA) prior to stroke has been associated with good outcomes after the ischemic insult, but there is scarce data on the involved molecular mechanisms. METHODS We studied consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients admitted to a single tertiary stroke center. Prestroke PhA was evaluated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (metabolic equivalent of minutes/week). We studied several circulating angiogenic and neurogenic factors at different time points: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) at admission, day 7, and at 3 months. We considered good functional outcome at 3 months (modified Rankin scale ≤ 2) as primary end point, and final infarct volume as secondary outcome. RESULTS We studied 83 patients with at least 2 time point serum determinations (mean age 69.6 years, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 17 at admission). Patients more physically active before stroke had a significantly higher increment of serum VEGF on the seventh day when compared to less active patients. This increment was an independent predictor of good functional outcome at 3 months and was associated with smaller infarct volume in multivariate analyses adjusted for relevant covariates. We did not find independent associations of G-CSF or BDNF levels neither with level of prestroke PhA nor with stroke outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Although there are probably more molecular mechanisms by which PhA exerts its beneficial effects in stroke outcomes, our observation regarding the potential role of VEGF is plausible and in line with previous experimental studies. Further research in this field is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena López-Cancio
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universidad Autónoma Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ana Clara Ricciardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universidad Autónoma Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jordi Cortés
- Department of Biostatistics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Pérez de la Ossa
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universidad Autónoma Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Millán
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universidad Autónoma Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Hernández-Pérez
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universidad Autónoma Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Gomis
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universidad Autónoma Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Dorado
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universidad Autónoma Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Muñoz-Narbona
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universidad Autónoma Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Campos
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan F Arenillas
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Antoni Dávalos
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universidad Autónoma Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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Allan JL, McMinn D, Daly M. A Bidirectional Relationship between Executive Function and Health Behavior: Evidence, Implications, and Future Directions. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:386. [PMID: 27601977 PMCID: PMC4993812 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Physically active lifestyles and other health-enhancing behaviors play an important role in preserving executive function into old age. Conversely, emerging research suggests that executive functions facilitate participation in a broad range of healthy behaviors including physical activity and reduced fatty food, tobacco, and alcohol consumption. They do this by supporting the volition, planning, performance monitoring, and inhibition necessary to enact intentions and override urges to engage in health damaging behavior. Here, we focus firstly on evidence suggesting that health-enhancing behaviors can induce improvements in executive function. We then switch our focus to findings linking executive function to the consistent performance of health-promoting behaviors and the avoidance of health risk behaviors. We suggest that executive function, health behavior, and disease processes are interdependent. In particular, we argue that a positive feedback loop may exist whereby health behavior-induced changes in executive function foster subsequent health-enhancing behaviors, which in turn help sustain efficient executive functions and good health. We conclude by outlining the implications of this reciprocal relationship for intervention strategies, the design of research studies, and the study of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L. Allan
- Health Psychology, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of AberdeenAberdeen, UK
| | - David McMinn
- Health Psychology, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of AberdeenAberdeen, UK
| | - Michael Daly
- Behavioural Science Centre, Stirling Management School, University of StirlingStirling, UK
- UCD Geary Institute, University College DublinDublin, Ireland
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Direk N, Perez HS, Akoudad S, Verhaaren BFJ, Niessen WJ, Hofman A, Vernooij MW, Ikram MA, Tiemeier H. Markers of cerebral small vessel disease and severity of depression in the general population. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2016; 253:1-6. [PMID: 27254084 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The vascular depression hypothesis postulates that cerebral small vessel disease can cause or exacerbate depression in elderly persons. Numerous studies explored the association of imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease including white matter lesions (WMLs) and lacunar infarcts with depressive symptoms or disorders. However, cerebral microbleeds have not been tested in depression. In the current study, we aimed to explore the association of WMLs, lacunar infarcts and cerebral microbleeds with depression continuum in a large population-based sample, the Rotterdam Study. Study population consisted of 3799 participants (aged 45 or over) free of dementia. WML volumes, lacunar infarcts and cerebral microbleeds were measured with brain magnetic resonance imaging. Depressive symptoms, depressive disorders and co-morbid anxiety disorders were assessed with validated questionnaires and clinical interview. WML volumes and lacunar infarcts were associated with depressive symptoms and disorders. Cerebral microbleeds, especially in deep or infratentorial brain regions, were related to depressive disorders only. Our results indicate that WMLs and lacunar infarcts might be non-specific vascular lesions seen in depressive symptoms and disorders. Association of cerebral microbleeds with more severe forms of depression may indicate impaired brain iron homeostasis or minor episodes of cerebrovascular extraversion, which may play a role in depression etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nese Direk
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Saloua Akoudad
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin F J Verhaaren
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiro J Niessen
- Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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45
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Duzel E, van Praag H, Sendtner M. Can physical exercise in old age improve memory and hippocampal function? Brain 2016; 139:662-73. [PMID: 26912638 PMCID: PMC4766381 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise can convey a protective effect against cognitive decline in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. While the long-term health-promoting and protective effects of exercise are encouraging, it's potential to induce neuronal and vascular plasticity in the ageing brain is still poorly understood. It remains unclear whether exercise slows the trajectory of normal ageing by modifying vascular and metabolic risk factors and/or consistently boosts brain function by inducing structural and neurochemical changes in the hippocampus and related medial temporal lobe circuitry-brain areas that are important for learning and memory. Hence, it remains to be established to what extent exercise interventions in old age can improve brain plasticity above and beyond preservation of function. Existing data suggest that exercise trials aiming for improvement and preservation may require different outcome measures and that the balance between the two may depend on exercise intensity and duration, the presence of preclinical Alzheimer's disease pathology, vascular and metabolic risk factors and genetic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Duzel
- 1 Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany 2 German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany 3 Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Henriette van Praag
- 4 Neuroplasticity and Behavior Unit, Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michael Sendtner
- 5 Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
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Murphy MO, Petriello MC, Han SG, Sunkara M, Morris AJ, Esser K, Hennig B. Exercise protects against PCB-induced inflammation and associated cardiovascular risk factors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2201-11. [PMID: 25586614 PMCID: PMC4503535 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-4062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental pollutants that contribute to the initiation of cardiovascular disease. Exercise has been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease; however, whether exercise can modulate PCB-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction and associated cardiovascular risk factors is unknown. We examined the effects of exercise on coplanar PCB-induced cardiovascular risk factors including oxidative stress, inflammation, impaired glucose tolerance, hypercholesteremia, and endothelium-dependent relaxation. Male ApoE(-/-) mice were divided into sedentary and exercise groups (voluntary wheel running) over a 12-week period. Half of each group was exposed to vehicle or PCB 77 at weeks 1, 2, 9, and 10. For ex vivo studies, male C57BL/6 mice exercised via voluntary wheel training for 5 weeks and then were administered with vehicle or PCB 77 24 h before vascular reactivity studies were performed. Exposure to coplanar PCB increased risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease, including oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, glucose intolerance, and hypercholesteremia. The 12-week exercise intervention significantly reduced these proatherogenic parameters. Exercise also upregulated antioxidant enzymes including phase II detoxification enzymes. Sedentary animals exposed to PCB 77 exhibited endothelial dysfunction as demonstrated by significant impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation, which was prevented by exercise. Lifestyle modifications such as aerobic exercise could be utilized as a therapeutic approach for the prevention of adverse cardiovascular health effects induced by environmental pollutants such as PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret O Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Michael C Petriello
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Sung Gu Han
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Manjula Sunkara
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Andrew J Morris
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Karyn Esser
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Bernhard Hennig
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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Physical Exercise as a Diagnostic, Rehabilitation, and Preventive Tool: Influence on Neuroplasticity and Motor Recovery after Stroke. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:608581. [PMID: 26682073 PMCID: PMC4670869 DOI: 10.1155/2015/608581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains a leading cause of adult motor disabilities in the world and accounts for the greatest number of hospitalizations for neurological disease. Stroke treatments/therapies need to promote neuroplasticity to improve motor function. Physical exercise is considered as a major candidate for ultimately promoting neural plasticity and could be used for different purposes in human and animal experiments. First, acute exercise could be used as a diagnostic tool to understand new neural mechanisms underlying stroke physiopathology. Indeed, better knowledge of stroke mechanisms that affect movements is crucial for enhancing treatment/rehabilitation effectiveness. Secondly, it is well established that physical exercise training is advised as an effective rehabilitation tool. Indeed, it reduces inflammatory processes and apoptotic marker expression, promotes brain angiogenesis and expression of some growth factors, and improves the activation of affected muscles during exercise. Nevertheless, exercise training might also aggravate sensorimotor deficits and brain injury depending on the chosen exercise parameters. For the last few years, physical training has been combined with pharmacological treatments to accentuate and/or accelerate beneficial neural and motor effects. Finally, physical exercise might also be considered as a major nonpharmacological preventive strategy that provides neuroprotective effects reducing adverse effects of brain ischemia. Therefore, prestroke regular physical activity may also decrease the motor outcome severity of stroke.
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Olver TD, Ferguson BS, Laughlin MH. Molecular Mechanisms for Exercise Training-Induced Changes in Vascular Structure and Function: Skeletal Muscle, Cardiac Muscle, and the Brain. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 135:227-57. [PMID: 26477917 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Compared with resting conditions, during incremental exercise, cardiac output in humans is elevated from ~5 to 25 L min(-1). In conjunction with this increase, the proportion of cardiac output directed toward skeletal muscle increases from ~20% to 85%, while blood flow to cardiac muscle increases 500% and blood flow to specific brain structures increases nearly 200%. Based on existing evidence, researchers believe that blood flow in these tissues is matched to the increases in metabolic rate during exercise. This phenomenon, the matching of blood flow to metabolic requirement, is often referred to as functional hyperemia. This chapter summarizes mechanical and metabolic factors that regulate functional hyperemia as well as other exercise-induced signals, which are also potent stimuli for chronic adaptations in vascular biology. Repeated exposure to exercise-induced increases in shear stress and the induction of angiogenic factors alter vascular cell gene expression and mediate changes in vascular volume and blood flow control. The magnitude and regulation of this coordinated response appear to be tissue specific and coupled to other factors such as hypertrophy and hyperplasia. The cumulative effects of these adaptations contribute to increased exercise capacity, reduced relative challenge of a given submaximal exercise bout and ameliorated vascular outcomes in patient populations with pathological conditions. In the subsequent discussion, this chapter explores exercise as a regulator of vascular biology and summarizes the molecular mechanisms responsible for exercise training-induced changes in vascular structure and function in skeletal and cardiac muscle as well as the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dylan Olver
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Brian S Ferguson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - M Harold Laughlin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
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Crane DE, Black SE, Ganda A, Mikulis DJ, Nestor SM, Donahue MJ, MacIntosh BJ. Gray matter blood flow and volume are reduced in association with white matter hyperintensity lesion burden: a cross-sectional MRI study. Front Aging Neurosci 2015. [PMID: 26217223 PMCID: PMC4495336 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensities (WMH) are associated with vascular risk factors and age-related cognitive decline. WMH have primarily been associated with global white matter and gray matter (GM) changes and less is known about regional effects in GM. The purpose of this study was to test for an association between WMH and two GM imaging measures: cerebral blood flow (CBF) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Twenty-six elderly adults with mild to severe WMH participated in this cross-sectional 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. MRI measures of GM CBF and VBM were derived from arterial spin labeling (ASL) and T1-weighted images, respectively. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images were used to quantify the WMH lesion burden (mL). GM CBF and VBM data were used as dependent variables. WMH lesion burden, age and sex were used in a regression model. Visual rating of WMH with the Fazekas method was used to compare the WMH lesion volume regression approach. WMH volume was normally distributed for this group (mean volume of 22.7 mL, range: 2.2–70.6 mL). CBF analysis revealed negative associations between WMH volume and CBF in the left anterior putamen, subcallosal, accumbens, anterior caudate, orbital frontal, anterior insula, and frontal pole (corrected p < 0.05). VBM analysis revealed negative associations between WMH and GM volume in lingual gyrus, intracalcarine, and bilateral hippocampus (corrected p < 0.05). The visual rating scale corroborated the regression findings (corrected p < 0.05). WMH lesion volume was associated with intra-group GM CBF and structural differences in this cohort of WMH adults with mild to severe lesion burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Crane
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra E Black
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute Toronto, ON, Canada ; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anoop Ganda
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David J Mikulis
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Toronto Western Hospital and the University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sean M Nestor
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute Toronto, ON, Canada ; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; MD/PhD Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Manus J Donahue
- Departments of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Psychiatry, and Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
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Moore SM, Zhang H, Maeda N, Doerschuk CM, Faber JE. Cardiovascular risk factors cause premature rarefaction of the collateral circulation and greater ischemic tissue injury. Angiogenesis 2015; 18:265-81. [PMID: 25862671 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-015-9465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Collaterals lessen tissue injury in occlusive disease. However, aging causes progressive decline in their number and smaller diameters in those that remain (collateral rarefaction), beginning at 16 months of age in mice (i.e., middle age), and worse ischemic injury-effects that are accelerated in even 3-month-old eNOS(-/-) mice. These findings have found indirect support in recent human studies. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether other cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) associated with endothelial dysfunction cause collateral rarefaction, investigate possible mechanisms, and test strategies for prevention. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice with nine different models of CVRFs of 4-12 months of age were assessed for number and diameter of native collaterals in skeletal muscle and brain and for collateral-dependent perfusion and ischemic injury after arterial occlusion. Hypertension caused collateral rarefaction whose severity increased with duration and level of hypertension, accompanied by greater hindlimb ischemia and cerebral infarct volume. Chronic treatment of wild-type mice with L-N (G)-nitro-arginine methylester caused similar rarefaction and worse ischemic injury which were not prevented by lowering arterial pressure with hydralazine. Metabolic syndrome, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and obesity also caused collateral rarefaction. Neither chronic statin treatment nor exercise training lessened hypertension-induced rarefaction. CONCLUSION Chronic CVRF presence caused collateral rarefaction and worse ischemic injury, even at relatively young ages. Rarefaction was associated with increased proliferation rate of collateral endothelial cells, effects that may promote accelerated endothelial cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Moore
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, 6309 MBRB, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7545, USA
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