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Yang R, Kwan W, Du Y, Yan R, Zang L, Li C, Zhu Z, Cheong IH, Kozlakidis Z, Yu Y. Drug-induced senescence by aurora kinase inhibitors attenuates innate immune response of macrophages on gastric cancer organoids. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217106. [PMID: 38992487 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) is a subtype of gastric cancer with aggressiveness and poor prognosis. It is of great significance to find sensitive drugs for DGC. In the current study, a total of 20 patient-derived organoids (PDOs) were analyzed for screening the therapeutic efficacy of small molecule kinases inhibitors on gastric cancers, especially the therapeutic difference between intestinal-type gastric cancer (IGCs) and DGCs. The IGCs are sensitive to multiple kinases inhibitors, while DGCs are resistant to most of these kinases inhibitors. It was found that DGCs showed drug-induced senescent phenotype after treatment by aurora kinases inhibitors (AURKi) Barasertib-HQPA and Danusertib. The cell diameter of cancer cells are increased with stronger staining of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-GAL), and characteristic appearance of multinucleated giant cells. The senescent cancer cells secrete large amounts of chemokine MCP-1/CCL2, which recruit and induce macrophage to M2-type polarization in PDOs of DGC (DPDOs)-macrophage co-culture system. The up-regulation of local MCP-1/CCL2 can interact with MCP-1/CCL2 receptor (CCR2) expressed on macrophages and suppress their innate immunity to cancer cells. Overall, the special response of DGC to AURKi suggests that clinicians should select a sequential therapy with senescent cell clearance after AURKi treatment for DGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Yang
- Department of General Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Wingyan Kwan
- Department of General Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Yutong Du
- Department of General Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Ranlin Yan
- Department of General Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zang
- Department of General Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of General Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Io Hong Cheong
- Healthy Macau New-Generation Association, 999078, Macau, China
| | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- Laboratory Services and Biobank Group of International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 25 avenue Tony Garnier, CS 90627, 69366, LYON, CEDEX 07, France.
| | - Yingyan Yu
- Department of General Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Hakami ZH. Biomarker discovery and validation for gastrointestinal tumors: A comprehensive review of colorectal, gastric, and liver cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155216. [PMID: 38401376 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies, encompassing gastric, hepatic, colonic, and rectal cancers, are prevalent forms of cancer globally and contribute substantially to cancer-related mortality. Although there have been improvements in methods for diagnosing and treating GI cancers, the chances of survival for these types of cancers are still extremely low. According to the World Cancer Research International Fund's most recent figures, stomach cancer was responsible for roughly one million deaths worldwide in 2020. This emphasizes the importance of developing more effective tools for detecting, diagnosing, and predicting the outcome of these cancers at an early stage. Biomarkers, quantitative indications of biological processes or disease states, have emerged as promising techniques for enhancing the diagnosis and prognosis of GI malignancies. Recently, there has been a considerable endeavor to discover and authenticate biomarkers for various GI cancers by the utilization of diverse methodologies, including genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. This review provides a thorough examination of the current state of biomarker research in the field of gastrointestinal malignancies, with a specific emphasis on colorectal, stomach, and liver cancers. A thorough literature search was performed on prominent databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to find pertinent papers published until November, 2023 for the purpose of compiling this review. The diverse categories of biomarkers, encompassing genetic, epigenetic, and protein-based biomarkers, and their potential utility in the fields of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection, are explored. Recent progress in identifying and confirming biomarkers, as well as the obstacles that persist in employing biomarkers in clinical settings are emphasized. The utilization of biomarkers in GI cancers has significant potential in enhancing patient outcomes. Ongoing research is expected to uncover more efficient biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki H Hakami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Nemtsova MV, Kuznetsova EB, Bure IV. Chromosomal Instability in Gastric Cancer: Role in Tumor Development, Progression, and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16961. [PMID: 38069284 PMCID: PMC10707305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), gastric cancers are classified into four molecular subtypes: Epstein-Barr virus-positive (EBV+), tumors with microsatellite instability (MSI), tumors with chromosomal instability (CIN), and genomically stable (GS) tumors. However, the gastric cancer (GC) with chromosomal instability remains insufficiently described and does not have effective markers for molecular and histological verification and diagnosis. The CIN subtype of GC is characterized by chromosomal instability, which is manifested by an increased frequency of aneuploidies and/or structural chromosomal rearrangements in tumor cells. Structural rearrangements in the CIN subtype of GC are not accidental and are commonly detected in chromosomal loci, being abnormal because of specific structural organization. The causes of CIN are still being discussed; however, according to recent data, aberrations in the TP53 gene may cause CIN development or worsen its phenotype. Clinically, patients with the CIN subtype of GC demonstrate poor survival, but receive the maximum benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. In the review, we consider the molecular mechanisms and possible causes of chromosomal instability in GC, the common rearrangements of chromosomal loci and their impact on the development and clinical course of the disease, as well as the driver genes, their functions, and perspectives on their targeting in the CIN subtype of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V. Nemtsova
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.N.); (E.B.K.)
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina B. Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.N.); (E.B.K.)
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V. Bure
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.N.); (E.B.K.)
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, 125993 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Shin WS, Xie F, Chen B, Yu P, Yu J, To KF, Kang W. Updated Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer in Asia: Decreased Incidence but Still a Big Challenge. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092639. [PMID: 37174105 PMCID: PMC10177574 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the decline in incidence and mortality rates, gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The incidence and mortality of GC are exceptionally high in Asia due to high H. pylori infection, dietary habits, smoking behaviors, and heavy alcohol consumption. In Asia, males are more susceptible to developing GC than females. Variations in H. pylori strains and prevalence rates may contribute to the differences in incidence and mortality rates across Asian countries. Large-scale H. pylori eradication was one of the effective ways to reduce GC incidences. Treatment methods and clinical trials have evolved, but the 5-year survival rate of advanced GC is still low. Efforts should be put towards large-scale screening and early diagnosis, precision medicine, and deep mechanism studies on the interplay of GC cells and microenvironments for dealing with peritoneal metastasis and prolonging patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Sum Shin
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Fuda Xie
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Bonan Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Peiyao Yu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China
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5
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Cancer proteomics: Application of case studies in diverse cancers. Proteomics 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-95072-5.00003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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6
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MARCH1 promotes the growth and maintaining of stem cell-like characteristics of gastric cancer cells by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Tissue Cell 2022; 78:101895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Like most solid tumours, the microenvironment of epithelial-derived gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) consists of a variety of stromal cell types, including fibroblasts, and neuronal, endothelial and immune cells. In this article, we review the role of the immune microenvironment in the progression of chronic inflammation to GAC, primarily the immune microenvironment driven by the gram-negative bacterial species Helicobacter pylori. The infection-driven nature of most GACs has renewed awareness of the immune microenvironment and its effect on tumour development and progression. About 75-90% of GACs are associated with prior H. pylori infection and 5-10% with Epstein-Barr virus infection. Although 50% of the world's population is infected with H. pylori, only 1-3% will progress to GAC, with progression the result of a combination of the H. pylori strain, host susceptibility and composition of the chronic inflammatory response. Other environmental risk factors include exposure to a high-salt diet and nitrates. Genetically, chromosome instability occurs in ~50% of GACs and 21% of GACs are microsatellite instability-high tumours. Here, we review the timeline and pathogenesis of the events triggered by H. pylori that can create an immunosuppressive microenvironment by modulating the host's innate and adaptive immune responses, and subsequently favour GAC development.
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Wuputra K, Ku CC, Pan JB, Liu CJ, Liu YC, Saito S, Kato K, Lin YC, Kuo KK, Chan TF, Chong IW, Lin CS, Wu DC, Yokoyama KK. Stem Cell Biomarkers and Tumorigenesis in Gastric Cancer. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12060929. [PMID: 35743714 PMCID: PMC9224738 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stomach cancer has a high mortality, which is partially caused by an absence of suitable biomarkers to allow detection of the initiation stages of cancer progression. Thus, identification of critical biomarkers associated with gastric cancer (GC) is required to advance its clinical diagnoses and treatment. Recent studies using tracing models for lineage analysis of GC stem cells indicate that the cell fate decision of the gastric stem cells might be an important issue for stem cell plasticity. They include leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5+), Cholecystokinin receptor 2 (Cckr2+), and axis inhibition protein 2 (Axin2+) as the stem cell markers in the antrum, Trefoil Factor 2 (TFF2+), Mist1+ stem cells, and Troy+ chief cells in the corpus. By contrast, Estrogen receptor 1 (eR1), Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (Lrig1), SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (Sox2), and B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (Bmi1) are rich in both the antrum and corpus regions. These markers might help to identify the cell-lineage identity and analyze the plasticity of each stem cell population. Thus, identification of marker genes for the development of GC and its environment is critical for the clinical application of cancer stem cells in the prevention of stomach cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenly Wuputra
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.W.); (C.-C.K.); (J.-B.P.); (C.-S.L.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (K.-K.K.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Chen Ku
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.W.); (C.-C.K.); (J.-B.P.); (C.-S.L.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (K.-K.K.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Jia-Bin Pan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.W.); (C.-C.K.); (J.-B.P.); (C.-S.L.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (K.-K.K.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Jung Liu
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (K.-K.K.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chang Liu
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Shigeo Saito
- Saito Laboratory of Cell Technology, Yaita 329-2192, Japan;
- Horus Co., Ltd., Nakano, Tokyo 164-0001, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Kato
- Department of Infection Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan;
| | - Ying-Chu Lin
- School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Kung-Kai Kuo
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (K.-K.K.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Division of General & Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Te-Fu Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Genecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Inn-Wen Chong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Shen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.W.); (C.-C.K.); (J.-B.P.); (C.-S.L.)
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (K.-K.K.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Genecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Kazunari K. Yokoyama
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (K.W.); (C.-C.K.); (J.-B.P.); (C.-S.L.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (K.-K.K.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7312-1101 (ext. 2729); Fax: +886-7313-3849
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A tumour-resident Lgr5 + stem-cell-like pool drives the establishment and progression of advanced gastric cancers. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:1299-1313. [PMID: 34857912 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is among the most prevalent and deadliest of cancers globally. To derive mechanistic insight into the pathways governing this disease, we generated a Claudin18-IRES-CreERT2 allele to selectively drive conditional dysregulation of the Wnt, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase and Trp53 pathways within the gastric epithelium. This resulted in highly reproducible metastatic, chromosomal-instable-type gastric cancer. In parallel, we developed orthotopic cancer organoid transplantation models to evaluate tumour-resident Lgr5+ populations as functional cancer stem cells via in vivo ablation. We show that Cldn18 tumours accurately recapitulate advanced human gastric cancer in terms of disease morphology, aberrant gene expression, molecular markers and sites of distant metastases. Importantly, we establish that tumour-resident Lgr5+ stem-like cells are critical to the initiation and maintenance of tumour burden and are obligatory for the establishment of metastases. These models will be invaluable for deriving clinically relevant mechanistic insights into cancer progression and as preclinical models for evaluating therapeutic targets.
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Wang Q, Xu C, Fan Q, Yuan H, Zhang X, Chen B, Cai R, Zhang Y, Lin M, Xu M. Positive feedback between ROS and cis-axis of PIASxα/p38α-SUMOylation/MK2 facilitates gastric cancer metastasis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:986. [PMID: 34686655 PMCID: PMC8536665 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
MAPK/p38 is an important mammalian signaling cascade that responds to a variety of intracellular or extracellular stimuli, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), and participates in numerous physiological and pathological processes. However, the biological function of p38 in different tumors, and even at different stages of the same tumor, remains elusive. To further understand the regulatory mechanism of p38 and oxidative stress in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer, we report SUMOylation as a novel post-translational modification occurring on lysine 152 of MAPK14/p38α through immunoprecipitation and series of pull-down assays in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, we determine that p38α-SUMOylation functions as an authentic sensor and accelerator of reactive oxygen species generation via interaction with and activation of MK2 in the nucleus, and the ROS accumulation, in turn, promotes the SUMOylation of p38α by stabilizing the PIASxα protein. This precise regulatory mechanism is exploited by gastric cancer cells to create an internal environment for survival and, ultimately, metastasis. This study reveals novel insights into p38α-SUMOylation and its association with the intracellular oxidative stress response, which is closely related to the processes of gastric cancer. Furthermore, the PIASxα/p38α-SUMOylation/MK2 cis-axis may serve as a desirable therapeutic target in gastric cancer as targeting PIASxα, MK2, or a specific peptide region of p38α may reconcile the aberrant oxidative stress response in gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999 China
| | - Ci Xu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999 China
| | - Qiang Fan
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999 China
| | - Haihua Yuan
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999 China
| | - Xin Zhang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Center for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 16 Boyang Road, Shanghai, 200090 China
| | - Biying Chen
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999 China
| | - Renjie Cai
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999 China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 115 Jinzun Road, Shanghai, 200125 China
| | - Moubin Lin
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Center for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 16 Boyang Road, Shanghai, 200090 China
| | - Ming Xu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999 China
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11
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Venkatasamy A, Guerin E, Blanchet A, Orvain C, Devignot V, Jung M, Jung AC, Chenard MP, Romain B, Gaiddon C, Mellitzer G. Ultrasound and Transcriptomics Identify a Differential Impact of Cisplatin and Histone Deacetylation on Tumor Structure and Microenvironment in a Patient-Derived In Vivo Model of Gastric Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091485. [PMID: 34575561 PMCID: PMC8467189 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The reasons behind the poor efficacy of transition metal-based chemotherapies (e.g., cisplatin) or targeted therapies (e.g., histone deacetylase inhibitors, HDACi) on gastric cancer (GC) remain elusive and recent studies suggested that the tumor microenvironment could contribute to the resistance. Hence, our objective was to gain information on the impact of cisplatin and the pan-HDACi SAHA (suberanilohydroxamic acid) on the tumor substructure and microenvironment of GC, by establishing patient-derived xenografts of GC and a combination of ultrasound, immunohistochemistry, and transcriptomics to analyze. The tumors responded partially to SAHA and cisplatin. An ultrasound gave more accurate tumor measures than a caliper. Importantly, an ultrasound allowed a noninvasive real-time access to the tumor substructure, showing differences between cisplatin and SAHA. These differences were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and transcriptomic analyses of the tumor microenvironment, identifying specific cell type signatures and transcription factor activation. For instance, cisplatin induced an "epithelial cell like" signature while SAHA favored a "mesenchymal cell like" one. Altogether, an ultrasound allowed a precise follow-up of the tumor progression while enabling a noninvasive real-time access to the tumor substructure. Combined with transcriptomics, our results underline the different intra-tumoral structural changes caused by both drugs that impact differently on the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Venkatasamy
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
- IHU-Strasbourg (Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire), 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Guerin
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
| | - Anais Blanchet
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
| | - Christophe Orvain
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
| | - Véronique Devignot
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
| | | | - Alain C. Jung
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, ICANS, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Chenard
- Pathology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Benoit Romain
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
- Digestive Surgery Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Georg Mellitzer
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (G.M.)
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12
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Usui G, Matsusaka K, Mano Y, Urabe M, Funata S, Fukayama M, Ushiku T, Kaneda A. DNA Methylation and Genetic Aberrations in Gastric Cancer. Digestion 2021; 102:25-32. [PMID: 33070127 DOI: 10.1159/000511243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. GC is a pathologically and molecularly heterogeneous disease. DNA hypermethylation in promoter CpG islands causes silencing of tumor-suppressor genes and thus contributes to gastric carcinogenesis. In addition, various molecular aberrations, including aberrant chromatin structures, gene mutations, structural variants, and somatic copy number alterations, are involved in gastric carcinogenesis. SUMMARY Comprehensive DNA methylation analyses revealed multiple DNA methylation patterns in GCs and classified GC into distinct molecular subgroups: extremely high-methylation epigenotype uniquely observed in GC associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), high-methylation epigenotype associated with microsatellite instability (MSI), and low-methylation epigenotype. In The Cancer Genome Atlas classification, EBV and MSI are extracted as independent subgroups of GC, whereas the remaining GCs are categorized into genomically stable (GS) and chromosomal instability (CIN) subgroups. EBV-positive GC, exhibiting the most extreme DNA hypermethylation in the whole human malignancies, frequently shows CDKN2A silencing, PIK3CA mutations, PD-L1/2 overexpression, and lack of TP53 mutations. MSI, exhibiting high DNA methylation, often has MLH1 silencing and abundant gene mutations. GS is generally a diffuse-type GC and frequently shows CDH1/RHOA mutations or CLDN18-ARHGAP fusion. CIN is generally an intestinal-type GC and frequently has TP53 mutations and genomic amplification of receptor tyrosine kinases. Key Messages: The frequency and targets of genetic aberrations vary depending on the epigenotype. Aberrations in the genome and epigenome are expected to synergistically interact and contribute to gastric carcinogenesis and comprehensive analyses of those in GCs may help elucidate the mechanism of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Usui
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsusaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Mano
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Urabe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Funata
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan,
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13
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Wang L, Zhang M, Wang J, Zhang J. Diagnostic and therapeutic potencies of miR-18a-5p in mixed-type gastric adenocarcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1062-1071. [PMID: 33942935 PMCID: PMC8453821 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-type gastric adenocarcinoma (by Lauren Classification) has poor clinical outcomes with few targeted treatment options. The primary objective of this study was to find the prognostic factors, accurate treatment approaches, and effective postoperative adjuvant therapy strategies for patients with mixed-type gastric adenocarcinoma (GA). A microRNA sequencing data set and the corresponding clinical parameters of patients with gastric cancer were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) of diffuse- and intestinal-type GA were, respectively, determined. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests were subsequently carried out to evaluate the prognostic relevance of each DEM. To study the common factors between diffuse- and intestinal-type GA, a pathway enrichment analysis was performed on the target genes of identified DEMs using the PANTHER database. After data preprocessing, we analyzed a total of 230 samples from 210 patients with GA. Eighty-six DEMs in diffuse-type GA samples and 59 DEMs in intestinal-type GA samples were, respectively, identified (p 2.0). The Kaplan-Meier survival method further screened out six prognosis-related DEMs for diffuse-type GA and seven prognosis-related DEMs for intestinal-type GA (p < 0.05). MiR-18a-5p was found to be the only common prognosis-related DEM between diffuse- and intestinal-type GA. The common signaling pathways further revealed that target genes of miR-18a-5p are involved in mixed-type GA progression. This study suggests that miR-18a-5p acts as a potential target for treatment, and common signal pathways provide a rich basis to seek reliable and effective molecular targets for the diagnosis, clinical treatment, and postoperative adjuvant therapy strategy of mixed-type GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Department of SurgeryThe Hospital of Chang'an UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Jiansheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
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14
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Nath AR, Natarajan J. Network analysis of MicroRNA transcripts revealed relevant MicroRNAs and gene candidates for angiogenesis in gastric cancer. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Guo R, Chu A, Gong Y. Identification of cancer stem cell-related biomarkers in intestinal-type and diffuse-type gastric cancer by stemness index and weighted correlation network analysis. J Transl Med 2020; 18:418. [PMID: 33160391 PMCID: PMC7648412 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis of tumors. Considering the heterogeneity of tumors, this study aimed to explore the key genes regulating stem cells in intestinal-type and diffuse-type gastric cancer. Methods RNA-seq data and related clinical information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). WGCNA was used to clustered differentially expressed genes with similar expression profiles to form modules. Furtherly, based on the mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi), significant modules and key genes were identified. Next, the expression of key genes was further verified by the Oncomine database. Results MRNAsi scores of GC were significantly higher than that of normal tissue. Additionally, mRNAsi scores of intestinal-type GC (IGC) were significantly higher than that of diffuse-type GC (DGC). WGCNA showed that the blue module of IGC and the brown module of DGC were both the most significantly associated with mRNAsi. We screened out 16 and 43 key genes for IGC and DGC and found that these genes were closely related, respectively. Functional analysis showed the relationship between the key genes confirmed in the Oncomine database and the fate of cells. Conclusions In this study, 16 and 43 genes related to the characteristics of CSCs were identified in IGC and DGC, respectively. These genes were both associated with cell cycle, which could serve as therapeutic targets for the inhibition of stem cells from both types of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Aining Chu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yuehua Gong
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, P.R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China. .,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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16
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Scarpa ES, Tasini F, Crinelli R, Ceccarini C, Magnani M, Bianchi M. The Ubiquitin Gene Expression Pattern and Sensitivity to UBB and UBC Knockdown Differentiate Primary 23132/87 and Metastatic MKN45 Gastric Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5435. [PMID: 32751694 PMCID: PMC7432825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and lethal cancers. Alterations in the ubiquitin (Ub) system play key roles in the carcinogenetic process and in metastasis development. Overexpression of transcription factors YY1, HSF1 and SP1, known to regulate Ub gene expression, is a predictor of poor prognosis and shorter survival in several cancers. In this study, we compared a primary (23132/87) and a metastatic (MKN45) GC cell line. We found a statistically significant higher expression of three out of four Ub coding genes, UBC, UBB and RPS27A, in MKN45 compared to 23132/87. However, while the total Ub protein content and the distribution of Ub between the conjugated and free pools were similar in these two GC cell lines, the proteasome activity was higher in MKN45. Ub gene expression was not affected upon YY1, HSF1 or SP1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection, in both 23132/87 and MKN45 cell lines. Interestingly, the simultaneous knockdown of UBB and UBC mRNAs reduced the Ub content in both cell lines, but was more critical in the primary GC cell line 23132/87, causing a reduction in cell viability due to apoptosis induction and a decrease in the oncoprotein and metastatization marker β-catenin levels. Our results identify UBB and UBC as pro-survival genes in primary gastric adenocarcinoma 23132/87 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Salvatore Scarpa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy; (F.T.); (R.C.); (C.C.); (M.M.); (M.B.)
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17
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Gupta MK, Rajeswari J, Reddy PR, Kumar KS, Chamundeswaramma KV, Vadde R. Genetic Marker Identification for the Detection of Early-Onset Gastric Cancer Through Genome-Wide Association Studies. RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN BIOMARKERS AND EARLY DETECTION OF GASTROINTESTINAL CANCERS 2020:191-211. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4431-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
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18
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Gupta MK, Rajeswari J, Reddy PR, Kumar KS, Chamundeswaramma KV, Vadde R. Genetic Marker Identification for the Detection of Early-Onset Gastric Cancer Through Genome-Wide Association Studies. RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN BIOMARKERS AND EARLY DETECTION OF GASTROINTESTINAL CANCERS 2020:191-211. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4431-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
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19
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A Deep Learning Model for Cell Growth Inhibition IC50 Prediction and Its Application for Gastric Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246276. [PMID: 31842404 PMCID: PMC6941066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity in intratumoral cancers leads to discrepancies in drug responsiveness, due to diverse genomics profiles. Thus, prediction of drug responsiveness is critical in precision medicine. So far, in drug responsiveness prediction, drugs’ molecular “fingerprints”, along with mutation statuses, have not been considered. Here, we constructed a 1-dimensional convolution neural network model, DeepIC50, to predict three drug responsiveness classes, based on 27,756 features including mutation statuses and various drug molecular fingerprints. As a result, DeepIC50 showed better cell viability IC50 prediction accuracy in pan-cancer cell lines over two independent cancer cell line datasets. Gastric cancer (GC) is not only one of the lethal cancer types in East Asia, but also a heterogeneous cancer type. Currently approved targeted therapies in GC are only trastuzumab and ramucirumab. Responsive GC patients for the drugs are limited, and more drugs should be developed in GC. Due to the importance of GC, we applied DeepIC50 to a real GC patient dataset. Drug responsiveness prediction in the patient dataset by DeepIC50, when compared to the other models, were comparable to responsiveness observed in GC cell lines. DeepIC50 could possibly accurately predict drug responsiveness, to new compounds, in diverse cancer cell lines, in the drug discovery process.
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20
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Xiao T, Jie Z. MiR-21 Promotes the Invasion and Metastasis of Gastric Cancer Cells by Activating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Eur Surg Res 2019; 60:208-218. [PMID: 31722341 DOI: 10.1159/000504133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. It is likely to occur in lymph nodes and is prone to distant metastasis in its early stages, which portends a poor prognosis. Previous studies have shown that miRNA-21 was abnormally highly expressed and associated with early metastasis in GC, but the mechanism by which it regulates the invasion and metastasis of GC has not been elucidated. METHODS Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important pathologic basis of tumor invasion and metastasis, and in this study, the relationship between miRNA-21 and EMT in GC invasion and metastasis was investigated using RT-qPCR, Western blot, and wound scratch and transwell assays. RESULTS We found that miRNA-21 expression in GC cell lines was higher than in a gastric mucosal epithelial cell line. After transfection with an miRNA-21 mimic, the upregulation of EMT was found to promote migration and invasion of MGC-803 cells. However, the downregulation of EMT was found to accompany the inhibition of invasion and migration of GC cells after downregulation of miRNA-21 expression due to the transfection of an miRNA-21 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that miRNA-21 might promote the invasion and metastasis of GC by upregulating EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,
| | - Zhigang Jie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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21
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Spaety ME, Gries A, Badie A, Venkatasamy A, Romain B, Orvain C, Yanagihara K, Okamoto K, Jung AC, Mellitzer G, Pfeffer S, Gaiddon C. HDAC4 Levels Control Sensibility toward Cisplatin in Gastric Cancer via the p53-p73/BIK Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111747. [PMID: 31703394 PMCID: PMC6896094 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a health issue due to the low efficiency of therapies, such as cisplatin. This unsatisfactory situation highlights the necessity of finding factors impacting GC sensibility to therapies. We analyzed the cisplatin pangenomic response in cancer cells and found HDAC4 as a major epigenetic regulator being inhibited. HDAC4 mRNA repression was partly mediated by the cisplatin-induced expression of miR-140. At a functional level, HDAC4 inhibition favored cisplatin cytotoxicity and reduced tumor growth. Inversely, overexpression of HDAC4 inhibits cisplatin cytotoxicity. Importantly, HDAC4 expression was found to be elevated in gastric tumors compared to healthy tissues, and in particular in specific molecular subgroups. Furthermore, mutations in HDAC4 correlate with good prognosis. Pathway analysis of genes whose expression in patients correlated strongly with HDAC4 highlighted DNA damage, p53 stabilization, and apoptosis as processes downregulated by HDAC4. This was further confirmed by silencing of HDAC4, which favored cisplatin-induced apoptosis characterized by cleavage of caspase 3 and induction of proapoptotic genes, such as BIK, in part via a p53-dependent mechanism. Altogether, these results reveal HDAC4 as a resistance factor for cisplatin in GC cells that impacts on patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Elodie Spaety
- Laboratory STREINTH (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Inserm IRFAC UMR_S1113, Université de Strasbourg, 3 av. Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France; (M.-E.S.); (A.G.); (A.B.); (A.V.); (B.R.); (C.O.); (A.C.J.); (G.M.)
- Architecture and Reactivity of RNA, Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 15 rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Alexandre Gries
- Laboratory STREINTH (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Inserm IRFAC UMR_S1113, Université de Strasbourg, 3 av. Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France; (M.-E.S.); (A.G.); (A.B.); (A.V.); (B.R.); (C.O.); (A.C.J.); (G.M.)
| | - Amandine Badie
- Laboratory STREINTH (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Inserm IRFAC UMR_S1113, Université de Strasbourg, 3 av. Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France; (M.-E.S.); (A.G.); (A.B.); (A.V.); (B.R.); (C.O.); (A.C.J.); (G.M.)
| | - Aina Venkatasamy
- Laboratory STREINTH (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Inserm IRFAC UMR_S1113, Université de Strasbourg, 3 av. Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France; (M.-E.S.); (A.G.); (A.B.); (A.V.); (B.R.); (C.O.); (A.C.J.); (G.M.)
- Radiology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Hautepierre, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Benoit Romain
- Laboratory STREINTH (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Inserm IRFAC UMR_S1113, Université de Strasbourg, 3 av. Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France; (M.-E.S.); (A.G.); (A.B.); (A.V.); (B.R.); (C.O.); (A.C.J.); (G.M.)
- Digestive Surgery department, CHU Hautepierre, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christophe Orvain
- Laboratory STREINTH (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Inserm IRFAC UMR_S1113, Université de Strasbourg, 3 av. Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France; (M.-E.S.); (A.G.); (A.B.); (A.V.); (B.R.); (C.O.); (A.C.J.); (G.M.)
| | | | - Koji Okamoto
- National Cancer Research Center, Tokyo 104_0045, Japan; (K.Y.); (K.O.)
| | - Alain C. Jung
- Laboratory STREINTH (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Inserm IRFAC UMR_S1113, Université de Strasbourg, 3 av. Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France; (M.-E.S.); (A.G.); (A.B.); (A.V.); (B.R.); (C.O.); (A.C.J.); (G.M.)
- Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Paul Strauss (CLCC), 67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Georg Mellitzer
- Laboratory STREINTH (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Inserm IRFAC UMR_S1113, Université de Strasbourg, 3 av. Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France; (M.-E.S.); (A.G.); (A.B.); (A.V.); (B.R.); (C.O.); (A.C.J.); (G.M.)
- Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Paul Strauss (CLCC), 67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sébastien Pfeffer
- Architecture and Reactivity of RNA, Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 15 rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- Laboratory STREINTH (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Inserm IRFAC UMR_S1113, Université de Strasbourg, 3 av. Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France; (M.-E.S.); (A.G.); (A.B.); (A.V.); (B.R.); (C.O.); (A.C.J.); (G.M.)
- Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Paul Strauss (CLCC), 67065 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence:
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Ran A, Guan L, Wang J, Wang Y. GREM2 maintains stem cell-like phenotypes in gastric cancer cells by regulating the JNK signaling pathway. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2414-2431. [PMID: 31345097 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1646561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the major malignancies worldwide. This study was conducted to explore the mechanism by which GREM2 maintains biological properties of GC stem cells (GCSCs), and proved that GREM2 could potentially regulate the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration and tumorigenic ability of GCSCs through the regulation of the JNK signaling pathway. In silico analysis was utilized to retrieve expression microarray related to GC, and differential analysis was conducted. The cell line with the highest GREM2 expression was overexpressed with GREM2 mimic, silencing GREM2 by siRNA, or treated with activator or inhibitor of the JNK signaling pathway. Subsequently, expression of GREM2, JNK signaling pathway-, apoptosis- or migration and invasion-associated factors were determined. Proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis of GCSCs in vitro and tumorigenic ability and lymph node metastasis of GCSCs in vivo were determined. Based on the in silico analysis of GSE49051, GREM2 was determined to be overexpressed in GC and its expression was the highest in the MKN-45 cell line, which was selected for the subsequent experiments. Silencing of GREM2 or inhibition of the JNK signaling pathway suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion, while promoting apoptosis of GCSCs in vitro as well as inhibiting tumorigenesis and lymph node metastasis in vivo. In conclusion, the aforementioned findings suggest that the silencing of GREM2 suppresses the activation of the JNK signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting tumor progression. Therefore, GREM2-mediated JNK signaling pathway was expected to be a new therapeutic strategy for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Ran
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Lin Guan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Jiani Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
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Valentini AM, Di Pinto F, Coletta S, Guerra V, Armentano R, Caruso ML. Tumor microenvironment immune types in gastric cancer are associated with mismatch repair however, not HER2 status. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1775-1785. [PMID: 31423245 PMCID: PMC6614673 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative gastric cancer is a major challenge. Immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors is a rapidly growing field. In a number of malignancy types it has been demonstrated that patients with mismatch repair deficiency efficiently respond to programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade therapy. Recent studies have evaluated tumor microenvironment immune types to predict which patients may clinically benefit from immunotherapy. The present study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 in 70 gastric cancer tissue samples. Potential associations between PD-L1 expression and mismatch repair deficiency, HER2 and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) status were then investigated in the context of the tumor microenvironment. A positive association was identified for PD-L1 expression with mismatch repair deficiency and EBV status; however, no association was revealed with HER2 status. Immunohistochemistry was then used to classify the microenvironment immune types. This demonstrated that the majority of the gastric cancer samples (73%) belonged to the tumor microenvironment immune type II [PD-L1-/cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8)+ low], which involves an immune ignorant state and has a low sensitivity to immunotherapy. However, 7% of the gastric cancer cases were identified to belong to the tumor microenvironment immune type I (PD-L1+/CD8+ high), which exhibits adaptive immune escape responses and a high chance of reversion with immune checkpoint blockade therapy. In conclusion, the present study emphasized the importance of evaluating tumor microenvironment immune types, mismatch repair deficiency status and EBV status, rather than PD-L1 expression alone, when evaluating the eligibility of a patient for immunotherapy with anti-programmed cell death protein-1/PD-L1 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Valentini
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology ‘S. de Bellis’, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, I-70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Di Pinto
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology ‘S. de Bellis’, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, I-70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Sergio Coletta
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology ‘S. de Bellis’, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, I-70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Guerra
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Gastroenterology ‘S. de Bellis’, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, I-70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaele Armentano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology ‘S. de Bellis’, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, I-70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Caruso
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology ‘S. de Bellis’, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, I-70013 Bari, Italy
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Zhang Y, Zhu C, Lu X. [Advances in serum biomarkers for early diagnosis of gastric cancer]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2019; 48:326-333. [PMID: 31496166 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2019.06.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis is the key to improve the prognosis of gastric cancer. How to screen out high-risk subjects of gastric cancer in population is a hot spot. Serum-based early detection of gastric cancer is suitable for high-risk population screening, which is more convenient and safer. This article reviews the diagnostic value of serum biomarkers for gastric cancer, including serum DNA methylation, various RNAs, pepsinogen, gastrin, osteopontin, MG7-Ag and CA724. Until now, there is still lack of ideal biomarkers for gastric cancer, and searching for specific RNAs may be promising for early diagnosis and screening of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Chunpeng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xinliang Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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The significance of gene mutations across eight major cancer types. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 781:88-99. [PMID: 31416581 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations occur spontaneously, which can be induced by either chemicals (e.g. benzene) or biological factors (e.g. virus). Not all mutations cause noticeable changes in cellular functions. However, mutation in key cellular genes leads to developmental disorders. It is one of the main ways in which proto-oncogenes can be changed into their oncogenic state. The progressive accumulation of multiple mutations throughout life leads to cancer. In the past few decades, extensive research on cancer biology has discovered many genes and pathways having role in cancer development. In this review, we tried to summarize the current knowledge of mutational effect on different cancer types and its consequences in brief for future reference and guidance of researchers in cancer biology.
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Hung CY, Yeh TS, Tsai CK, Wu RC, Lai YC, Chiang MH, Lu KY, Lin CN, Cheng ML, Lin G. Glycerophospholipids pathways and chromosomal instability in gastric cancer: Global lipidomics analysis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 11:181-194. [PMID: 30918592 PMCID: PMC6425327 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v11.i3.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the breakthrough of genomics analysis, The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Group recently proposed an integrative genomic analysis, dividing gastric cancer (GC) into four subtypes, characterized by the chromosomal instability (CIN) status. However, the CIN status of GC is still vaguely characterized and lacking the valuable easy-to-use CIN markers to diagnosis in molecular and histological detection.
AIM To explore the associations of CIN with downstream lipidomics profiles.
METHODS We collected cancerous and noncancerous tissue samples from 18 patients with GC; the samples were divided into CIN and non-CIN types based on the system of The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Group and 409 sequenced oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. We identified the lipidomics profiles of the GC samples and samples of their adjacent noncancerous tissues by using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Furthermore, we selected leading metabolites based on variable importance in projection scores of > 1.0 and P < 0.05.
RESULTS Twelve men and six women participated in this study; the participants had a median age of 67.5 years (range, 52–87 years) and were divided into CIN (n = 9) and non-CIN (n = 9) groups. The GC samples exhibited distinct profiles of lysophosphocholine, phosphocholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphoserine, sphingomyelin, ceramide, and triglycerides compared with their adjacent noncancerous tissues. The glycerophospholipid levels (phosphocholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol) were 1.4- to 2.3-times higher in the CIN group compared with the non-CIN group (P < 0.05). Alterations in the glycerolipid and glycerophospholipid pathways indicated progression of GC toward CIN.
CONCLUSION The lipidomics profiles of GC samples were distinct from those of their adjacent noncancerous tissues. CIN status of GC is primarily associated with downstream lipidomics in the glycerophospholipid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Hung
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Lab, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Imaging Core Lab, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kun Tsai
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Lab, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Imaging Core Lab, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Chin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Lai
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Lab, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Imaging Core Lab, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Han Chiang
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Lab, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Imaging Core Lab, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ying Lu
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Lab, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Imaging Core Lab, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ni Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Lab, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Gigin Lin
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Lab, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Imaging Core Lab, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Mutation heterogeneity between primary gastric cancers and their matched lymph node metastases. Gastric Cancer 2019; 22:323-334. [PMID: 30132154 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-018-0870-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acquisition of an invasive phenotype by a tumor cell is a crucial step of malignant transformation. The underlying genetic mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC) are not well understood. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing of 15 pairs of primary GC and their matched lymph node (LN) metastases (10 primary GCs with single matched LNs and 5 primary GCs with three LNs per case, respectively). Somatic alterations including single nucleotide variations, short insertions/deletions including locus-level microsatellite instability and copy number alterations were identified and compared between the primary and metastatic LN genomes. RESULTS Mutation abundance was comparable between the primary GC and LN metastases, but the extent of mutation overlap or the mutation heterogeneity between primary and LN genomes varied substantially. Primary- or LN-specific mutations could be distinguished from common mutations in terms of mutation spectra and functional categories, suggesting that the mutation forces are not constant during gastric carcinogenesis. A spatial distribution revealed TP53 mutations as common mutations along with a number of region-specific mutations, such as primary-specific SMARCA4 and LN-specific CTNNB1 mutations. The subclonal architectures of common mutations were largely conserved between primary GC and LN metastatic genomes. The mutation-based phylogenetic analyses further showed that LN metastases may have arisen from homogeneous subclones of primary tumors. CONCLUSIONS The abundance and spatial distribution of mutations may provide clues on the evolutionary relationship between primary and matched LN genomes. Gene-level analyses further distinguished the early addicted cancer drivers such as TP53 mutations from late acquired region-specific mutations.
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Gao J, Zhao C, Liu Q, Hou X, Li S, Xing X, Yang C, Luo Y. Cyclin G2 suppresses Wnt/β-catenin signaling and inhibits gastric cancer cell growth and migration through Dapper1. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:317. [PMID: 30547803 PMCID: PMC6295076 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. Cyclin G2 has been shown to be associated with the development of multiple types of tumors, but its underlying mechanisms in gastric tumors is not well-understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the role and the underlying mechanisms of cyclin G2 on Wnt/β-catenin signaling in gastric cancer. METHODS Real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and in silico assay were used to determine the expression of cyclin G2 in gastric cancer. TCGA datasets were used to evaluate the association between cyclin G2 expression and the prognostic landscape of gastric cancers. The effects of ectopic and endogenous cyclin G2 on the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells were assessed using the MTS assay, colony formation assay, cell cycle assay, wound healing assay and transwell assay. Moreover, a xenograft model and a metastasis model of nude mice was used to determine the influence of cyclin G2 on gastric tumor growth and migration in vivo. The effects of cyclin G2 expression on Wnt/β-catenin signaling were explored using a TOPFlash luciferase reporter assay, and the molecular mechanisms involved were investigated using immunoblots assay, yeast two-hybrid screening, immunoprecipitation and Duolink in situ PLA. Ccng2-/- mice were generated to further confirm the inhibitory effect of cyclin G2 on Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vivo. Furthermore, GSK-3β inhibitors were utilized to explore the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the suppression effect of cyclin G2 on gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration. RESULTS We found that cyclin G2 levels were decreased in gastric cancer tissues and were associated with tumor size, migration and poor differentiation status. Moreover, overexpression of cyclin G2 attenuated tumor growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Dpr1 was identified as a cyclin G2-interacting protein which was required for the cyclin G2-mediated inhibition of β-catenin expression. Mechanically, cyclin G2 impacted the activity of CKI to phosphorylate Dpr1, which has been proved to be a protein that acts as a suppressor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling when unphosphorylated. Furthermore, GSK-3β inhibitors abolished the cyclin G2-induced suppression of cell proliferation and migration. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that cyclin G2 suppresses Wnt/β-catenin signaling and inhibits gastric cancer cell growth and migration through Dapper1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan Gao
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Hou
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Sen Li
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuesha Xing
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Yang
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Luo
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122 People’s Republic of China
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Gankyrin Drives Malignant Transformation of Gastric Cancer and Alleviates Oxidative Stress via mTORC1 Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9480316. [PMID: 30420909 PMCID: PMC6215549 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9480316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer, as a malignant epithelial tumor, is a major health threat leading to poor overall survival and death. It is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage due to asymptomatic or only nonspecific early symptoms. The present study demonstrated that gankyrin contributes to the early malignant transformation of gastric cancer and can be selected to predict the risk of gastric cancer in those patients harboring the precancerous lesions (dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia). In addition, a new insight into gastric cancer was provided, which stated that gankyrin alleviates oxidative stress via mTORC1 pathway activation. It can potentiate the mTORC1 by PGK1-AKT signaling that promotes the tumor process, and this phenomenon is not completely consistent with the previous report describing colorectal cancer.
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Niu L, Liu A, Xu W, Yang L, Zhu W, Gu Y. Downregulation of peroxiredoxin II suppresses the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4551-4560. [PMID: 30214590 PMCID: PMC6126214 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin (Prx) II is an imperative member of the superfamily of peroxidases. It serves an essential role in scavenging organic hydroperoxide and H2O2. It is involved in the development of various malignant tumors. In order to investigate the significance of Prx II expressions level in gastric cancer (GC), downregulation of Prx II was performed to investigate its role in the proliferation and migration of gastric adenocarcinoma cells. In GC cells and 45 GC specimens, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Prx II were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. The Prx II expression profile in another 116 GC specimens was also detected with immunohistochemistry (IHC). The changes in the proliferation and migration of MKN45 and MGC-803 cells folllowing transfection with small interfering RNA (siRNA) were detected by cell counting kit (CCK)-8, western blot analysis, and Transwell migration and invasion assays. The results revealed that the expression of Prx II in GC tissues and GC cells were significantly upregulated compared with the normal control. There was a significant association between the expression level of Prx II and various factors, including tumor size, histological differentiation, the depth of invasion, the stage of tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) and lymph node metastasis in GC (P<0.05). Survival in patients with higher Prx II expression was significantly decreased compared with those with lower Prx II expression (P<0.01). Prx II, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis were identified as independent prognosis factors of GC (P<0.05). Knockdown of Prx II significantly suppressed the proliferation and the migration of GC cells. These experiments revealed that Prx II promotes the development of GC, affecting the survival of patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Niu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Ang Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Wugang Zhu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Gu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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Tsai CK, Yeh TS, Wu RC, Lai YC, Chiang MH, Lu KY, Hung CY, Ho HY, Cheng ML, Lin G. Metabolomic alterations and chromosomal instability status in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:3760-3769. [PMID: 30197481 PMCID: PMC6127658 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i33.3760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the correlation of metabolomics profiles of gastric cancer (GC) with its chromosomal instability (CIN) status.
METHODS Nineteen GC patients were classified as CIN and non-CIN type by The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Group system, based on 409 oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes sequenced. The aqueous metabolites of the GC tumor and its surrounding adjacent healthy tissues were identified through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Groups were compared by defining variable importance in projection score of > 1.2, a fold change value or its reciprocal of > 1.2, and a P value of < 0.05 as a significant difference.
RESULTS In total, twelve men and seven women were enrolled, with a median age of 66 years (range, 47-87 years). The numbers of gene alterations in the CIN GC group were significantly higher than those in the non-CIN GC (32-218 vs 2-17; P < 0.0005). Compared with the adjacent healthy tissues, GC tumors demonstrated significantly higher aspartic acid, citicoline, glutamic acid, oxidized glutathione, succinyladenosine, and uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine levels, but significantly lower butyrylcarnitine, glutathione hydroxyhexanoycarnitine, inosinic acid, isovalerylcarnitine, and threonine levels (all P < 0.05). CIN tumors contained significantly higher phosphocholine and uridine 5’-monophosphate levels but significantly lower beta-citryl-L-glutamic acid levels than did non-CIN tumors (all P < 0.05). CIN GC tumors demonstrated additional altered pathways involving alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, histidine metabolism, and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis.
CONCLUSION Metabolomic profiles of GC tumors and the adjacent healthy tissue are distinct, and the CIN status is associated with downstream metabolic alterations in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kun Tsai
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Lab, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Imaging Core Lab, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Chin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Lai
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Imaging Core Lab, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Han Chiang
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Lab, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Imaging Core Lab, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ying Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Imaging Core Lab, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Hung
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Imaging Core Lab, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yao Ho
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Lab, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Lab, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Gigin Lin
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Lab, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Imaging Core Lab, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Wu J, Qin W, Wang Y, Sadik A, Liu J, Wang Y, Song P, Wang X, Sun K, Zeng J, Wang L. SPDEF is overexpressed in gastric cancer and triggers cell proliferation by forming a positive regulation loop with FoxM1. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9042-9054. [PMID: 30076647 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The SAM-pointed domain-containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF) is an epithelial-specific transcription factor of the E26 transformation-specific (ETS) family, which binds the target gene through the high-affinity sequence of GGAT. It is suggested that SPDEF targets the promoter activity of Forkhead Box M1 (FoxM1), which has been proven to be highly expressed in gastric cancer. We found that SPDEF was overexpressed both at the messenger RNA (mRNA) and at the protein level in human gastric cancer species. The gastric cancer cells transfected with the SPDEF expression plasmid or SPDEF small interfering RNA (siRNA) led to observations on the clone genetics assay that indicated the promotion or the inhibition of gastric cancer cell proliferation, respectively. Both mRNA and protein levels of FoxM1 were regulated by SPDEF in gastric cancer cells and FoxM1 was also overexpressed in the corresponding human gastric cancer species. The overexpression and inhibition of FoxM1 could upregulate and downregulate the mRNA and protein levels of SPDEF expression, respectively. The recovery experiments verified that the overexpression of FoxM1 could at least partially revert both the expression of SPDEF and the proliferation of the cell lines even with the siRNA inhibition of SPDEF. The result of the dual luciferase activity assay showed that SPDEF bound to the promoter of FoxM1 and activated it. FoxM1 might also bind to the promoter of SPDEF to affect its expression. The results were checked in vivo. In conclusion, SPDEF is overexpressed in gastric cancer, which can form a positive regulation loop with FoxM1 to promote gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Medical Administration, Shandong University Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Arsil Sadik
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jilan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kaiyue Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiping Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Shichijo S, Hirata Y. Characteristics and predictors of gastric cancer after Helicobacter pylori eradication. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2163-2172. [PMID: 29853734 PMCID: PMC5974578 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i20.2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication can reduce gastric cancer. However, gastric cancer still develops after eradication, and cases who received eradication therapy are increasing. In this study, we have reviewed the characteristics and predictors of primary gastric cancer developing after H. pylori eradication. In terms of the characteristics, endoscopic, histologic, and molecular characteristics are reported. Endoscopically, gastric cancer after eradication is often depressed-type and shows a gastritis-like appearance, which sometimes makes the diagnosis difficult. Histologically, most gastric cancer after eradication is intestinal type, and non-neoplastic epithelium, also called epithelium with low-grade atypia, is frequently seen over the tumor, which is presumably the cause of the endoscopic gastritis-like appearance. As for molecular characteristics, some markers, such as Ki67, MUC2, and Wnt5a expression, are lower in cancer from patients in whom H. pylori has been eradicated. In terms of predictors, several Japanese studies have reported that severe endoscopic atrophy at eradication is a risk factor for gastric cancer development. Histologic intestinal metaplasia, especially in the corpus, and long-term use of proton pump inhibitors, are also reported as risk factors for gastric cancer after H. pylori eradication. These studies on the characteristics and predictors of gastric cancer development will become the cornerstone for establishing a novel surveillance program based on the gastric cancer risk stratification specific to H. pylori-eradicated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoki Shichijo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hirata
- Division of Advanced Genome Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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Huang L, Guo Y, Cao D, Liu X, Zhang L, Cao K, Hu T, Qi Y, Xu C. Effects of Helicobacter pylori on the expression levels of GATA-3 and connexin 32 and the GJIC function in gastric epithelial cells and their association by promoter analysis. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1650-1658. [PMID: 30008849 PMCID: PMC6036278 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the effects of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection on the expression of transcription factor GATA binding protein 3 (GATA-3) and connexin 32 (Cx32) in cultured gastric mucosa cells, and their association with each other. GES-1 cells were co-cultured with East Asian type cytotoxin-associated gene A+ H. pylori in the H. pylori group, and without H. pylori culture in the control group. Additionally, Mongolian gerbils were gavaged with H. pylori, and later the gastric antrum tissues were collected. The GATA-3 and Cx32 mRNA and protein expression levels were detected by a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. The scratch labeling fluorescent dye tracer (SLDT) technique was used to detect the gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) function. GATA-3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into BGC823 cells and its effect on Cx32 expression levels was detected. The impact of GATA-3 on Cx32 promoter transcriptional activity was detected using a dual luciferase reporter assay. The results revealed that H. pylori infection increased GATA-3 expression and decreased Cx32 expression in GES-1 cells and in animal gastric tissues compared with their respective controls, whilst in BGC823 cells, GATA-3 siRNA increased Cx32 expression compared with the control. In the SLDT experiment of GES-1 cells with H. pylori infection, the fluorescent dye was primarily limited to a single cell row close to the scratch, and only a limited amount of dye passing to the second cell row, indicating that the GJIC function was substantially reduced or absent compared with the control group, where the fluorescence dye transferred to the neighboring cells of 3–4 rows, indicating a stronger GJIC function comparatively. GATA-3 inhibited the expression of the luciferase reporter gene, compared with the controls, suggesting that GATA-3 inhibited the expression of Cx32 by binding to Cx32 promoter sites. These results indicated that H. pylori-increased GATA-3 expression, which downregulated Cx32 expression, may serve an important function in gastric carcinogenesis, and GATA-3 siRNA may serve a function in the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Huang
- Center for Medical Experiments, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yinjie Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Dan Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Linfang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Ke Cao
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Tingzi Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yong Qi
- Clinical Laboratory, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Canxia Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Department of Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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35
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Ge S, Xia X, Ding C, Zhen B, Zhou Q, Feng J, Yuan J, Chen R, Li Y, Ge Z, Ji J, Zhang L, Wang J, Li Z, Lai Y, Hu Y, Li Y, Li Y, Gao J, Chen L, Xu J, Zhang C, Jung SY, Choi JM, Jain A, Liu M, Song L, Liu W, Guo G, Gong T, Huang Y, Qiu Y, Huang W, Shi T, Zhu W, Wang Y, He F, Shen L, Qin J. A proteomic landscape of diffuse-type gastric cancer. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1012. [PMID: 29520031 PMCID: PMC5843664 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) is a subtype of gastric cancer with the worst prognosis and few treatment options. Here we present a dataset from 84 DGC patients, composed of a proteome of 11,340 gene products and mutation information of 274 cancer driver genes covering paired tumor and nearby tissue. DGC can be classified into three subtypes (PX1-3) based on the altered proteome alone. PX1 and PX2 exhibit dysregulation in the cell cycle and PX2 features an additional EMT process; PX3 is enriched in immune response proteins, has the worst survival, and is insensitive to chemotherapy. Data analysis revealed four major vulnerabilities in DGC that may be targeted for treatment, and allowed the nomination of potential immunotherapy targets for DGC patients, particularly for those in PX3. This dataset provides a rich resource for information and knowledge mining toward altered signaling pathways in DGC and demonstrates the benefit of proteomic analysis in cancer molecular subtyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Ge
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xia Xia
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chen Ding
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bei Zhen
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jinwen Feng
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- Center for Bioinformatics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiajia Yuan
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yumei Li
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhongqi Ge
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Lianhai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jiayuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yumei Lai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yilin Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Lin Chen
- General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Chunchao Zhang
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jong Min Choi
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Antrix Jain
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mingwei Liu
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lei Song
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wanlin Liu
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Gaigai Guo
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Tongqing Gong
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yin Huang
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wenwen Huang
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Tieliu Shi
- Center for Bioinformatics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Weimin Zhu
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yi Wang
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fuchu He
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Lin Shen
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Jun Qin
- The Joint Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Peking University Cancer Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Huang KK, Ramnarayanan K, Zhu F, Srivastava S, Xu C, Tan ALK, Lee M, Tay S, Das K, Xing M, Fatehullah A, Alkaff SMF, Lim TKH, Lee J, Ho KY, Rozen SG, Teh BT, Barker N, Chia CK, Khor C, Ooi CJ, Fock KM, So J, Lim WC, Ling KL, Ang TL, Wong A, Rao J, Rajnakova A, Lim LG, Yap WM, Teh M, Yeoh KG, Tan P. Genomic and Epigenomic Profiling of High-Risk Intestinal Metaplasia Reveals Molecular Determinants of Progression to Gastric Cancer. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:137-150.e5. [PMID: 29290541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a pre-malignant condition of the gastric mucosa associated with increased gastric cancer (GC) risk. We performed (epi)genomic profiling of 138 IMs from 148 cancer-free patients, recruited through a 10-year prospective study. Compared with GCs, IMs exhibit low mutational burdens, recurrent mutations in certain tumor suppressors (FBXW7) but not others (TP53, ARID1A), chromosome 8q amplification, and shortened telomeres. Sequencing identified more IM patients with active Helicobacter pylori infection compared with histopathology (11%-27%). Several IMs exhibited hypermethylation at DNA methylation valleys; however, IMs generally lack intragenic hypomethylation signatures of advanced malignancy. IM patients with shortened telomeres and chromosomal alterations were associated with subsequent dysplasia or GC; conversely patients exhibiting normal-like epigenomic patterns were associated with regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kie Kyon Huang
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Kalpana Ramnarayanan
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Supriya Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Chang Xu
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Angie Lay Keng Tan
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Minghui Lee
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Suting Tay
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Kakoli Das
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Manjie Xing
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore 117456, Singapore; Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Aliya Fatehullah
- Institute of Medical Biology, A-STAR, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | | | - Tony Kiat Hon Lim
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Khek Yu Ho
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Steven George Rozen
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Nick Barker
- Institute of Medical Biology, A-STAR, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Chung King Chia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Christopher Khor
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169854, Singapore
| | - Choon Jin Ooi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169854, Singapore
| | - Kwong Ming Fock
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore
| | - Jimmy So
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Wee Chian Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Khoon Lin Ling
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169854, Singapore
| | - Tiing Leong Ang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore
| | - Andrew Wong
- Department of Surgery, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore
| | - Jaideepraj Rao
- Department of Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | | | | | - Wai Ming Yap
- Department of Pathology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Ming Teh
- Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Khay Guan Yeoh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore; Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| | - Patrick Tan
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore; SingHealth/Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169856, Singapore; Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore; Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
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37
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Ryu H, Baek SW, Moon JY, Jo IS, Kim N, Lee HJ. C-C motif chemokine receptors in gastric cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2018; 8:3-8. [PMID: 29285394 PMCID: PMC5738695 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Despite recent advances in molecular and clinical research, patients with gastric cancer at an advanced stage have a dismal prognosis and poor survival rates, and systemic treatment relies predominantly on traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy. To improve patients' quality of life and survival, an improved understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms involved in gastric cancer progression and treatment resistance, and of its clinical application in the development of novel targeted therapies, is urgently required. Chemokines are a group of small chemotactic cytokines that interact with seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors, and this interaction serves a crucial role in various physiological processes, including organ development and the host immune response, to recruit cells to specific sites in the body. There is also accumulating evidence that chemokines and chemokine receptors (CCRs) contribute to tumor development and progression, as well as metastasis. However, research regarding the functional roles of chemokines and their receptors in cancer is dynamic and context-dependent, and much remains to be elucidated, although various aspects have been explored extensively. In gastric cancer, C-C motif CCRs are involved in the biological behavior of tumor cells, including the processes of growth, invasion and survival, as well as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In the present review, attention is given to the clinical relevance of C-C motif CCRs in the development, progression, and metastasis of gastric cancer, particularly CCR7 and CCR5, which have been investigated extensively, as well as their potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sook Jo
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine Chungnam National University and Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine Chungnam National University and Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Chungnam National University and Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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38
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Mogler C, Boxberg M, Knebel C, Weichert W, Wörtler K, Specht K. [Spindle-cell osteosclerotic bone lesion with MDM2 amplification]. DER PATHOLOGE 2017; 39:186-190. [PMID: 29209796 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-017-0394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This case report presents an osteosclerotic bone lesion in a 49-year-old man with MDM2 amplification. The final diagnosis shows metastasis to the bones from stomach cancer. In primary bone tumours, the MDM2 amplifications observed have been described for many other tumour entities as well, and therefore do not exclude bone metastasis from a carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mogler
- Institut für Pathologie, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675, München, Deutschland.
| | - M Boxberg
- Institut für Pathologie, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675, München, Deutschland
| | - C Knebel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Sportorthopädie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, München, Deutschland
| | - W Weichert
- Institut für Pathologie, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675, München, Deutschland
| | - K Wörtler
- Institut für Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, München, Deutschland
| | - K Specht
- Institut für Pathologie, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675, München, Deutschland
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39
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Nie Y, Wu K, Yu J, Liang Q, Cai X, Shang Y, Zhou J, Pan K, Sun L, Fang J, Yuan Y, You W, Fan D. A global burden of gastric cancer: the major impact of China. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 11:651-661. [PMID: 28351219 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2017.1312342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly aggressive cancer and a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Approximately half of the world's GC cases and deaths occur in china. GC presents challenges in early diagnosis and effective therapy due to a lack of understanding of the underlying molecular biology. The primary goals of this review are to outline current GC research in china and describe future trends in this field. Areas covered: This review mainly focuses on a series of GC-related advances China has achieved. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the role of H. pylori in GC by a series of population-based studies in well-established high-risk areas; A few germline and somatic alterations have been identified by 'omics' studies; Studies on the mechanisms of malignant phenotypes have helped us to form an in-depth understanding of GC and advance drug discovery. Moreover, identification of potential biomarkers and targeted therapies have facilitated the diagnosis and treatment of GC. However, many challenges remain. Expert commentary: To combat GC, sufficient funding is important. More attention should be paid on early diagnosis and the discovery of novel efficient biomarkers and the development of biomarker-based or targeted therapeutics in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhan Nie
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jun Yu
- b Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Institute of Digestive Disease , Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Qiaoyi Liang
- b Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Institute of Digestive Disease , Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Xiqiang Cai
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Yulong Shang
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jinfeng Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Kaifeng Pan
- c Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University School of Oncology , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing , China
| | - Liping Sun
- d Tumor Etiology and Screening, Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Jingyuan Fang
- e Renji Hospital , Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- d Tumor Etiology and Screening, Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Weicheng You
- c Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University School of Oncology , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing , China
| | - Daiming Fan
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
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Silva-Fernandes IJDL, Oliveira ESD, Santos JC, Ribeiro ML, Ferrasi AC, Pardini MIDMC, Burbano RMR, Rabenhorst SHB. The intricate interplay between MSI and polymorphisms of DNA repair enzymes in gastric cancer H.pylori associated. Mutagenesis 2017; 32:471-478. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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41
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Jung SJ, Cho JH, Park WJ, Heo YR, Lee JH. Telomere length is correlated with mitochondrial DNA copy number in intestinal, but not diffuse, gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:925-929. [PMID: 28693253 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A positive correlation between telomere length and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number has previously been observed in healthy individuals, and in patients with psychiatric disorders. In the present study, telomere length and mtDNA copy number were evaluated in gastric cancer (GC) tissue samples. DNA was extracted from 109 GC samples (including 82 intestinal, and 27 diffuse cases), and the telomere length and mtDNA copy number were analyzed using a quantitative-polymerase chain reaction assay. The relative telomere length and mtDNA copy number in tumor tissue, as compared with in normal tissue, (mean ± standard deviation) in all GC samples were 11.48±1.14 and 14.86±1.35, respectively. Telomere length and mtDNA copy number were not identified as exhibiting clinical or prognostic value for GC. However, positive correlations between telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number were identified in GC (r=0.408, P<0.001) and in the adjacent normal mucosa (r=0.363; P<0.001). When stratified by Lauren classification, the correlation was identified in intestinal type GC samples (r=0.461; P<0.001), but not in diffuse type GC samples (r=0.225; P=0.260). This result indicated that loss of the correlation of telomeres and mitochondrial function may induce the initiation or progression of GC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jung Jung
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyoung Cho
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jin Park
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Ran Heo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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42
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Lin S, Lin B, Wang X, Pan Y, Xu Q, He JS, Gong W, Xing R, He Y, Guo L, Lu Y, Wang JM, Huang J. Silencing of ATP4B of ATPase H +/K + Transporting Beta Subunit by Intragenic Epigenetic Alteration in Human Gastric Cancer Cells. Oncol Res 2017; 25:317-329. [PMID: 28281974 PMCID: PMC7840950 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14734735156265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATPase H+/K+ Transporting Beta Subunit (ATP4B) encodes the β subunit of the gastric H+, K+-ATPase, which controls gastric acid secretion and is therefore a target for acid reduction. Downregulation of ATP4B was recently observed in human gastric cancer (GC) without known mechanisms. In the present study, we demonstrated that ATP4B expression was decreased in human GC tissues and cell lines associated with DNA hypermethylation and histone hypoacetylation of histone H3 lysine 9 at its intragenic region close to the transcriptional start site. The expression of ATP4B was restored in GC cell lines by treatment with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA), or histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), with further enhancement by combined treatment with both drugs. In contrast, 5-AZA had no effect on ATP4B expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and pancreatic cancer cell lines, in which ATP4B was silenced and accompanied by intragenic methylation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) showed that, in BGC823 GC cells, histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) was enhanced in the intragenic region of ATP4B upon TSA treatment, whereas 5-AZA showed a minimal effect. Additionally, ATP4B expression enhanced the inhibitory effects of chemotherapeutic mediation docetaxel on GC cell growth. Thus, as opposed to HCC and pancreatic cancer cells, the silencing of ATP4B in GC cells is attributable to the interplay between intragenic DNA methylation and histone acetylation of ATP4B, the restoration of which is associated with a favorable anticancer effect of docetaxel. These results have implications for targeting epigenetic alteration at the intragenic region of ATP4B in GC cells to benefit diagnosis and treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuye Lin
- *College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, P.R. China
- †Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Bonan Lin
- *College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- *College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuanming Pan
- ‡Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital/Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qing Xu
- *College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Shen He
- *College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wanghua Gong
- §Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Rui Xing
- ‡Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital/Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi He
- ¶Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Guo
- *College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Youyong Lu
- ‡Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital/Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- †Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jiaqiang Huang
- *College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, P.R. China
- †Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
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Liao A, Tan G, Chen L, Zhou W, Hu H. RASSF1A inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation by miR-711- mediated downregulation of CDK4 expression. Oncotarget 2016; 7:5842-51. [PMID: 26735582 PMCID: PMC4868725 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although interaction with DNA repair proteins has demonstrated that RASSF1A is a tumour suppressor gene, much attention has been directed in recent years towards its roles in regulating the cell cycle. However, the precise mechanism remains unclear. Uncovering how RASSF1A participates in regulating the cell cycle is critical to exploring effective therapeutic targets for gastric cancer. Here we show that RASSF1A could regulate 14 miRNAs’ expression in the typical human gastric cancer line SGC-7901, of which miR-711 was upregulated the most. Moreover, for SGC-7901 cells, miR-711 was found to downregulate CDK4 expression, and to arrest the cell cycle in the G1 phase. Our results suggest that RASSF1A inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by upregulating the expression of miR-711, which arrested gastric cancer cells in the G1 phase by downregulating expression of CDK4. This finding might provide us with a novel therapeutic target for gastric cancer by increasing RASSF1A expression via miR-711 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China.,Gastric Cancer Research Center of Hunan Province, Hunan, China
| | - Gao Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Weiwei Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hongsai Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
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Shichijo S, Hirata Y, Niikura R, Hayakawa Y, Yamada A, Ushiku T, Fukayama M, Koike K. Histologic intestinal metaplasia and endoscopic atrophy are predictors of gastric cancer development after Helicobacter pylori eradication. Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 84:618-24. [PMID: 26995689 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2016.03.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy is effective at reducing the incidence of gastric cancer; however, gastric cancer still develops after eradication. We conducted a cohort study to elucidate the risk factors for gastric cancer development after successful H pylori eradication therapy. METHODS From June 1998 to December 2012 we assessed histologic and endoscopic findings of gastritis and performed H pylori eradication therapy in 748 patients without a history of gastric cancer. Patients were classified according to the distribution of intestinal metaplasia (IM) as follows: no IM (IM group A), IM in the antrum only (IM group B), and IM in the corpus (IM group C). We assessed atrophy endoscopically according to the Kimura-Takemoto classification system. Gastric cancer incidence was assessed. RESULTS A total of 573 patients underwent follow-up endoscopy; the mean duration of follow-up was 6.2 ± 4.8 years. Gastric cancer developed in 21 (20 intestinal type). The cumulative 5-year incidences of gastric cancer were 3.2% overall; 1.5%, 5.3%, and 9.8% in IM groups A, B, and C; and 0.7%, 1.9%, and 10% in the none/mild, moderate, and severe endoscopic atrophy groups, respectively. Compared with IM group A, the hazard ratio for IM group B was 3.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-11), and that for IM group C was 3.7 (95% CI, 1.1-12). Compared with the none/mild endoscopic atrophy group, the hazard ratio for severe atrophy was 9.3 (95% CI, 1.7-174). CONCLUSIONS Patients with histologic IM or severe endoscopic atrophy were at increased risk of gastric cancer development after H pylori eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoki Shichijo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hirata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Niikura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoku Hayakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuo Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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45
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Zhang XY, Zhang PY. Gastric cancer: somatic genetics as a guide to therapy. J Med Genet 2016; 54:305-312. [PMID: 27609016 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-104171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality across the world, with poor prognosis and a median overall survival of ≤12 months for advanced stage gastric cancer. Environmental, genetic and other predisposing factors contribute to the development of gastric cancer and a predominant factor was found to be infection of Helicobacter pylori Advances in understanding the deranged signalling pathways that are critical for normal cellular homeostasis helped in the development of novel drugs that target specific proteins and pathways to curtail the growth of gastric cancer. Genetic studies revealed several single nucleotide polymorphisms, chromosomal aberrations and epigenetic alterations that likely play a major role in elevating the susceptibility to develop gastric cancer. Methylation pattern of specific genes may likely prove to be a valid biomarker for early detection of gastric cancer, but much progress is needed to establish specific markers. Important developments have been made in targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 for treating advanced gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, using specific monoclonal antibodies. Lack of efficacy with regard to targeting other signalling pathways including mesenchymal-epithelial transition/hepatocyte growth factor and mammalian target of rapamycin is probably due to suboptimal patient selection for these clinical trials, which is probably due to the lack of appropriate biomarkers, to decide on responsive patient population. Besides the development of antagonists for the cell growth-related signalling pathways, advances are also being made to tackle gastric cancer by immunotherapies, targeting immune check-points, which may hold promise for better treatment options in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Information Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pei-Ying Zhang
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,The Affiliated XuZhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,Xuzhou Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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46
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La SH, Kim SJ, Kang HG, Lee HW, Chun KH. Ablation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) induces cellular senescence in gastric cancer through a galectin-3 dependent mechanism. Oncotarget 2016; 7:57117-57130. [PMID: 27494887 PMCID: PMC5302977 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) gene encodes a rate-limiting catalytic subunit of telomerase that maintains genomic integrity. Suppression of hTERT expression could induce cellular senescence and is considered a potent approach for gastric cancer therapy. However, control of hTERT expression and function remains poorly understood in gastric cancer. In this study, we demonstrated that high expression levels of hTERT in malignant tissues are correlated with poor survival probability in gastric cancer patients. Knockdown of hTERT expression retarded cell proliferation and cellular senescence, which was confirmed by increased protein expression levels of p21cip1 and p27kip1, and decreased phosphorylation of Rb. In contrast, overexpression of hTERT increased cell proliferation and decreased cellular senescence. Remarkably, the down-regulation of hTERT expression was detected in lgals3-/- mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). Knockdown of galectin-3 decreased the expression of hTERT in gastric cancer cells. Galectin-3 ablation-induced cellular senescence was rescued by concomitant overexpression of hTERT. hTERT ablation-induced cellular senescence and p21cip1 and p27kip1 expression was rescued by concomitant overexpression of galectin-3. The size of tumor burdens was increased in hTERT-overexpressed gastric cancer cells xenografted mice, whereas it was repressed by concomitant depletion of galectin-3. Additionally, we determined that the N-terminal domain of galectin-3 directly interacted with hTERT. The telomeric activity of hTERT was also decreased by galectin-3 ablation. Taken together, ablation of hTERT induces cellular senescence and inhibits the growth of gastric cancer cells, suggesting that it could be a potent target in gastric cancer therapy. We also propose that galectin-3 is an important regulator of hTERT expression and telomeric activity in gastric tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hyuk La
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok-Gu Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Woong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Chun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Liang B, Zheng W, Fang L, Wu L, Zhou F, Yin X, Yu X, Zou Z. Overexpressed targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) serves as a promising prognostic marker and therapeutic target for gastric cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:824-32. [PMID: 27314162 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1195046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 (TPX2) is a putative oncogene in different human cancers. This study assessed TPX2 expression in gastric cancer tissue samples and then determined the effects of TPX2 knockdown on the regulation of gastric cancer cell malignant behaviors in vitro. Tissue samples from 115 gastric cancer patients were analyzed for TPX2 expression. The effects of TPX2 siRNA on gastric cancer cells were assessed in vitro, including cell viability, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. The data showed that TPX2 was overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues compared to that in the adjacent normal epithelia. Moreover, TPX2 overexpression was associated with a poor overall survival and was an independent prognostic predictor of gastric cancer. In addition, the in vitro study further confirmed the ex vivo data, i.e., knockdown of TPX2 expression reduced gastric cancer cell viability but induced apoptosis and arrested cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Knockdown of TPX2 expression also inhibited the tumor cell migration and invasion capacity in vitro. At the gene level, knockdown of TPX2 expression upregulated the levels of cyclin B1, cdk4, p53, Bax, caspase-3, and E-cadherin, but downregulated the levels of cyclin D1, cdk2, N-cadherin, slug, matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2, and MMP-9, suggesting that knockdown of TPX2 expression suppressed tumor cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study demonstrated that detection of TPX2 overexpression could serve as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liang
- a Department of General Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , China
| | - Wenjuan Zheng
- b Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Nanchang , Jiangxi , China
| | - Lu Fang
- a Department of General Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , China
| | - Linquan Wu
- a Department of General Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , China
| | - Fan Zhou
- a Department of General Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , China
| | - Xiangbao Yin
- a Department of General Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , China
| | - Xin Yu
- a Department of General Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , China
| | - Zhenhong Zou
- a Department of General Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , China
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Hu QL, Wang HB, Yang M. Significance of expression of INPP4B in gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:2478-2484. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i16.2478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase, type II (INPP4B) in gastric cancer, and to analyze its relationship with clinical and pathological characteristics.
METHODS: The expression of INPP4B mRNA and protein in 50 gastric cancer tissues and matched tumor-adjacent normal tissues was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. The relationship between INPP4B expression and clinical and pathological characteristics was then analyzed.
RESULTS: INPP4B mRNA expression was significantly lower in gastric cancer tissue than in adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.01). The expression of INPP4B protein in gastric cancer tissues was also significantly lower compared with adjacent normal tissues (28.0% vs 82.0%, P < 0.01). The expression of INPP4B mRNA and protein was significantly related to tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage in GC (P < 0.05), but not to gender, age or tumor size (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Both INPP4B protein and mRNA are down-regulated in gastric cancer, and its expression significantly correlates with tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. INPP4B may be a tumor suppressor gene for gastric cancer.
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Skierucha M, Milne ANA, Offerhaus GJA, Polkowski WP, Maciejewski R, Sitarz R. Molecular alterations in gastric cancer with special reference to the early-onset subtype. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2460-74. [PMID: 26937134 PMCID: PMC4768192 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i8.2460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed neoplasms, with a global burden of 723000 deaths in 2012. It is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. There are numerous possible factors that stimulate the pro-carcinogenic activity of important genes. These factors include genetic susceptibility expressed in a single-nucleotide polymorphism, various acquired mutations (chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability, somatic gene mutations, epigenetic alterations) and environmental circumstances (e.g., Helicobcter pylori infection, EBV infection, diet, and smoking). Most of the aforementioned pathways overlap, and authors agree that a clear-cut pathway for GC may not exist. Thus, the categorization of carcinogenic events is complicated. Lately, it has been claimed that research on early-onset gastric carcinoma (EOGC) and hereditary GC may contribute towards unravelling some part of the mystery of the GC molecular pattern because young patients are less exposed to environmental carcinogens and because carcinogenesis in this setting may be more dependent on genetic factors. The comparison of various aspects that differ and coexist in EOGCs and conventional GCs might enable scientists to: distinguish which features in the pathway of gastric carcinogenesis are modifiable, discover specific GC markers and identify a specific target. This review provides a summary of the data published thus far concerning the molecular characteristics of GC and highlights the outstanding features of EOGC.
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50
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Lim B, Kim JH, Kim M, Kim SY. Genomic and epigenomic heterogeneity in molecular subtypes of gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:1190-1201. [PMID: 26811657 PMCID: PMC4716030 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i3.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a complex disease that is affected by multiple genetic and environmental factors. For the precise diagnosis and effective treatment of gastric cancer, the heterogeneity of the disease must be simplified; one way to achieve this is by dividing the disease into subgroups. Toward this effort, recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technology have revealed four molecular subtypes of gastric cancer, which are classified as Epstein-Barr virus-positive, microsatellite instability, genomically stable, and chromosomal instability subtypes. We anticipate that this molecular subtyping will help to extend our knowledge for basic research purposes and will be valuable for clinical use. Here, we review the genomic and epigenomic heterogeneity of the four molecular subtypes of gastric cancer. We also describe a mutational meta-analysis and a reanalysis of DNA methylation that were performed using previously reported gastric cancer datasets.
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