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Kapanaiah SKT, Rosenbrock H, Hengerer B, Kätzel D. Neural effects of dopaminergic compounds revealed by multi-site electrophysiology and interpretable machine-learning. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1412725. [PMID: 39045050 PMCID: PMC11263031 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1412725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropsychopharmacological compounds may exert complex brain-wide effects due to an anatomically and genetically broad expression of their molecular targets and indirect effects via interconnected brain circuits. Electrophysiological measurements in multiple brain regions using electroencephalography (EEG) or local field potential (LFP) depth-electrodes may record fingerprints of such pharmacologically-induced changes in local activity and interregional connectivity (pEEG/pLFP). However, in order to reveal such patterns comprehensively and potentially derive mechanisms of therapeutic pharmacological effects, both activity and connectivity have to be estimated for many brain regions. This entails the problem that hundreds of electrophysiological parameters are derived from a typically small number of subjects, making frequentist statistics ill-suited for their analysis. Methods We here present an optimized interpretable machine-learning (ML) approach which relies on predictive power in individual recording sequences to extract and quantify the robustness of compound-induced neural changes from multi-site recordings using Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) values. To evaluate this approach, we recorded LFPs in mediodorsal thalamus (MD), prefrontal cortex (PFC), dorsal hippocampus (CA1 and CA3), and ventral hippocampus (vHC) of mice after application of amphetamine or of the dopaminergic antagonists clozapine, raclopride, or SCH23390, for which effects on directed neural communication between those brain structures were so far unknown. Results Our approach identified complex patterns of neurophysiological changes induced by each of these compounds, which were reproducible across time intervals, doses (where tested), and ML algorithms. We found, for example, that the action of clozapine in the analysed cortico-thalamo-hippocampal network entails a larger share of D1-as opposed to D2-receptor induced effects, and that the D2-antagonist raclopride reconfigures connectivity in the delta-frequency band. Furthermore, the effects of amphetamine and clozapine were surprisingly similar in terms of decreasing thalamic input to PFC and vHC, and vHC activity, whereas an increase of dorsal-hippocampal communication and of thalamic activity distinguished amphetamine from all tested anti-dopaminergic drugs. Conclusion Our study suggests that communication from the dorsal hippocampus scales proportionally with dopamine receptor activation and demonstrates, more generally, the high complexity of neuropharmacological effects on the circuit level. We envision that the presented approach can aid in the standardization and improved data extraction in pEEG/pLFP-studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holger Rosenbrock
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Div. Research Germany, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Bastian Hengerer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Div. Research Germany, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Dennis Kätzel
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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2
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Shigapova RR, Mukhamedshina YO. Electrophysiology Methods for Assessing of Neurodegenerative and Post-Traumatic Processes as Applied to Translational Research. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:737. [PMID: 38929721 PMCID: PMC11205106 DOI: 10.3390/life14060737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological studies have long established themselves as reliable methods for assessing the functional state of the brain and spinal cord, the degree of neurodegeneration, and evaluating the effectiveness of therapy. In addition, they can be used to diagnose, predict functional outcomes, and test the effectiveness of therapeutic and rehabilitation programs not only in clinical settings, but also at the preclinical level. Considering the urgent need to develop potential stimulators of neuroregeneration, it seems relevant to obtain objective data when modeling neurological diseases in animals. Thus, in the context of the application of electrophysiological methods, not only the comparison of the basic characteristics of bioelectrical activity of the brain and spinal cord in humans and animals, but also their changes against the background of neurodegenerative and post-traumatic processes are of particular importance. In light of the above, this review will contribute to a better understanding of the results of electrophysiological assessment in neurodegenerative and post-traumatic processes as well as the possibility of translating these methods from model animals to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezeda Ramilovna Shigapova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia;
| | - Yana Olegovna Mukhamedshina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia;
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan 420012, Russia
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3
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Adraoui FW, Hettak K, Viardot G, Alix M, Guiffard S, Meot B, L’Hostis P, Maurin A, Delpy E, Drieu La Rochelle C, Carvalho K. Differential Effects of Aripiprazole on Electroencephalography-Recorded Gamma-Band Auditory Steady-State Response, Spontaneous Gamma Oscillations and Behavior in a Schizophrenia Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1035. [PMID: 38256109 PMCID: PMC10815955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The available antipsychotics for schizophrenia (SZ) only reduce positive symptoms and do not significantly modify SZ neurobiology. This has raised the question of the robustness and translational value of methods employed during drug development. Electroencephalography (EEG)-based measures like evoked and spontaneous gamma oscillations are considered robust translational biomarkers as they can be recorded in both patients and animal models to probe a key mechanism underlying all SZ symptoms: the excitation/inhibition imbalance mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) hypofunction. Understanding the effects of commercialized atypical antipsychotics on such measures could therefore contribute to developing better therapies for SZ. Yet, the effects of such drugs on these EEG readouts are unknown. Here, we studied the effect of the atypical antipsychotic aripiprazole on the gamma-band auditory steady-state response (ASSR), spontaneous gamma oscillations and behavioral features in a SZ rat model induced by the NMDAr antagonist MK-801. Interestingly, we found that aripiprazole could not normalize MK-801-induced abnormalities in ASSR, spontaneous gamma oscillations or social interaction while it still improved MK-801-induced hyperactivity. Suggesting that aripiprazole is unable to normalize electrophysiological features underlying SZ symptoms, our results might explain aripiprazole's inefficacy towards the social interaction deficit in our model but also its limited efficacy against social symptoms in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian W. Adraoui
- Biotrial, Non-Clinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.W.A.)
| | - Kenza Hettak
- Biotrial, Non-Clinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.W.A.)
| | - Geoffrey Viardot
- Biotrial, Neuroscience Department, 6 Avenue de Bruxelles, 68350 Brunstatt-Didenheim, France
| | - Magali Alix
- Biotrial, Non-Clinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.W.A.)
| | - Sabrina Guiffard
- Biotrial, Non-Clinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.W.A.)
| | - Benoît Meot
- Biotrial, Non-Clinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.W.A.)
| | - Philippe L’Hostis
- Biotrial, Neuroscience Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Anne Maurin
- Biotrial, Non-Clinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.W.A.)
| | - Eric Delpy
- Biotrial, Non-Clinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.W.A.)
| | | | - Kevin Carvalho
- Biotrial, Non-Clinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.W.A.)
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4
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Reeves-Darby JA, Berro LF, Platt DM, Rüedi-Bettschen D, Shaffery JP, Rowlett JK. Pharmaco-EEG analysis of ligands varying in selectivity for α1 subunit-containing GABA A receptors during the active phase in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:2561-2571. [PMID: 37608193 PMCID: PMC10795493 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Benzodiazepines are known to evoke changes in cortical electrophysiological activity that can be correlated with action at distinct γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor subtypes. OBJECTIVES We used electroencephalography (EEG) paired with electromyography (EMG) to evaluate the role of α1 subunit-containing GABAA receptors (α1GABAARs) in benzodiazepine-induced sedation and changes in EEG band frequencies during the active phase of the light/dark cycle. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 4/drug) were surgically instrumented with EEG/EMG electrodes. The rats were injected i.p. with zolpidem, an α1GABAAR-preferring compound, or L-838,417, which has selective efficacy for α2/3/5 subunit-containing GABAARs (i.e., α1GABAAR-sparing compound), in comparison with the non-selective benzodiazepine, triazolam. RESULTS All ligands evaluated induced changes in sleep-wake states during the active phase consistent with an increase in slow-wave sleep (SWS). The degree of SWS increase appeared to be related to the magnitude of delta power band changes induced by the ligands, with the strongest effects engendered by the α1GABAAR-preferring drug zolpidem and the weakest effects by the α1GABAAR-sparing compound, L-838,417. Consistent with other research, a selective increase in beta band power was observed with L-838,417, which may be associated with α2GABAAR-mediated anxiolysis. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings support the establishment of pharmaco-EEG "signatures" for identifying subtype-selective GABAA modulators in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaren A Reeves-Darby
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Lais F Berro
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Center for Innovation and Discovery in Addictions, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Donna M Platt
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Center for Innovation and Discovery in Addictions, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Daniela Rüedi-Bettschen
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Center for Innovation and Discovery in Addictions, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - James P Shaffery
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - James K Rowlett
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Center for Innovation and Discovery in Addictions, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
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5
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Adraoui FW, Douw L, Martens GJM, Maas DA. Connecting Neurobiological Features with Interregional Dysconnectivity in Social-Cognitive Impairments of Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097680. [PMID: 37175387 PMCID: PMC10177877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a devastating psychiatric disorder affecting about 1% of the world's population. Social-cognitive impairments in SZ prevent positive social interactions and lead to progressive social withdrawal. The neurobiological underpinnings of social-cognitive symptoms remain poorly understood, which hinders the development of novel treatments. At the whole-brain level, an abnormal activation of social brain regions and interregional dysconnectivity within social-cognitive brain networks have been identified as major contributors to these symptoms. At the cellular and subcellular levels, an interplay between oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction is thought to underly SZ pathology. However, it is not clear how these molecular processes are linked with interregional dysconnectivity in the genesis of social-cognitive symptoms. Here, we aim to bridge the gap between macroscale (connectivity analyses) and microscale (molecular and cellular mechanistic) knowledge by proposing impaired myelination and the disinhibition of local microcircuits as possible causative biological pathways leading to dysconnectivity and abnormal activity of the social brain. Furthermore, we recommend electroencephalography as a promising translational technique that can foster pre-clinical drug development and discuss attractive drug targets for the treatment of social-cognitive symptoms in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian W Adraoui
- Biotrial, Preclinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Linda Douw
- Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J M Martens
- Donders Centre for Neuroscience (DCN), Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- NeuroDrug Research Ltd., 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien A Maas
- Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Shing N, Walker MC, Chang P. The Role of Aberrant Neural Oscillations in the Hippocampal-Medial Prefrontal Cortex Circuit in Neurodevelopmental and Neurological Disorders. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2022; 195:107683. [PMID: 36174886 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus (HPC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) have well-established roles in cognition, emotion, and sensory processing. In recent years, interests have shifted towards developing a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying interactions between the HPC and mPFC in achieving these functions. Considerable research supports the idea that synchronized activity between the HPC and the mPFC is a general mechanism by which brain functions are regulated. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the hippocampal-medial prefrontal cortex (HPC-mPFC) circuit in normal brain function with a focus on oscillations and highlight several neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders associated with aberrant HPC-mPFC circuitry. We further discuss oscillatory dynamics across the HPC-mPFC circuit as potentially useful biomarkers to assess interventions for neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders. Finally, advancements in brain stimulation, gene therapy and pharmacotherapy are explored as promising therapies for disorders with aberrant HPC-mPFC circuit dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael Shing
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR17BH, UK
| | - Matthew C Walker
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Pishan Chang
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT.
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7
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Kostyalik D, Kelemen K, Lendvai B, Hernádi I, Román V, Lévay G. Response-related sensorimotor rhythms under scopolamine and MK-801 exposures in the touchscreen visual discrimination test in rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8168. [PMID: 35581280 PMCID: PMC9114334 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12146-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The human mu rhythm has been suggested to represent an important function in information processing. Rodent homologue rhythms have been assumed though no study has investigated them from the cognitive aspect yet. As voluntary goal-directed movements induce the desynchronization of mu rhythm, we aimed at exploring whether the response-related brain activity during the touchscreen visual discrimination (VD) task is suitable to detect sensorimotor rhythms and their change under cognitive impairment. Different doses of scopolamine or MK-801 were injected subcutaneously to rats, and epidural electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded during task performance. Arciform ~ 10 Hz oscillations appeared during visual processing, then two characteristic alpha/beta desynchronization-resynchronization patterns emerged mainly above the sensorimotor areas, serving presumably different motor functions. Beyond causing cognitive impairment, both drugs supressed the touch-related upper alpha (10–15 Hz) reactivity for desynchronization. Reaction time predominantly correlated positively with movement-related alpha and beta power both in normal and impaired conditions. These results support the existence of a mu homologue rodent rhythm whose upper alpha component appeared to be modulated by cholinergic and glutamatergic mechanisms and its power change might indicate a potential EEG correlate of processing speed. The VD task can be utilized for the investigation of sensorimotor rhythms in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diána Kostyalik
- Cognitive Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Drug Safety, Gedeon Richter Plc., Gyömrői út 19-21, Budapest, 1103, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Kelemen
- Cognitive Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Drug Safety, Gedeon Richter Plc., Gyömrői út 19-21, Budapest, 1103, Hungary
| | - Balázs Lendvai
- Department of Pharmacology and Drug Safety, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, 1103, Hungary
| | - István Hernádi
- Department of Pharmacology and Drug Safety, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, 1103, Hungary.,Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7622, Hungary.,Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7622, Hungary.,Grastyán Translational Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7622, Hungary.,Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7622, Hungary
| | - Viktor Román
- Department of Pharmacology and Drug Safety, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, 1103, Hungary
| | - György Lévay
- Cognitive Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Drug Safety, Gedeon Richter Plc., Gyömrői út 19-21, Budapest, 1103, Hungary. .,Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085, Hungary.
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8
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Güntekin B, Aktürk T, Arakaki X, Bonanni L, Del Percio C, Edelmayer R, Farina F, Ferri R, Hanoğlu L, Kumar S, Lizio R, Lopez S, Murphy B, Noce G, Randall F, Sack AT, Stocchi F, Yener G, Yıldırım E, Babiloni C. Are there consistent abnormalities in event-related EEG oscillations in patients with Alzheimer's disease compared to other diseases belonging to dementia? Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e13934. [PMID: 34460957 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal and structural-molecular neuroimaging in-vivo biomarkers are recommended for diagnostic purposes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias; however, they do not explain the effects of AD neuropathology on neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning cognitive processes. Here, an Expert Panel from the Electrophysiology Professional Interest Area of the Alzheimer's Association reviewed the field literature and reached consensus on the event-related electroencephalographic oscillations (EROs) that show consistent abnormalities in patients with significant cognitive deficits due to Alzheimer's, Parkinson's (PD), Lewy body (LBD), and cerebrovascular diseases. Converging evidence from oddball paradigms showed that, as compared to cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults, AD patients had lower amplitude in widespread delta (>4 Hz) and theta (4-7 Hz) phase-locked EROs as a function of disease severity. Similar effects were also observed in PD, LBD, and/or cerebrovascular cognitive impairment patients. Non-phase-locked alpha (8-12 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) oscillations were abnormally reduced (event-related desynchronization, ERD) in AD patients relative to CU. However, studies on patients with other dementias remain lacking. Delta and theta phase-locked EROs during oddball tasks may be useful neurophysiological biomarkers of cognitive systems at work in heuristic and intervention clinical trials performed in AD patients, but more research is needed regarding their potential role for other dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Güntekin
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Lab, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Aktürk
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Lab, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Vocational School, Program of Electroneurophysiology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Laura Bonanni
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences and CESI, University G d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Del Percio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Farina
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Lütfü Hanoğlu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Adult Neurodevelopmental and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Susanna Lopez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Fiona Randall
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander T Sack
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Fabrizio Stocchi
- Institute for Research and Medical Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Görsev Yener
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ebru Yıldırım
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Lab, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Vocational School, Program of Electroneurophysiology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Claudio Babiloni
- Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Institute for Research and Medical Care, Hospital San Raffaele of Cassino, Cassino, Italy
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9
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Hines RM, Aquino EA, Khumnark MI, Dávila MP, Hines DJ. Comparative Assessment of TSPO Modulators on Electroencephalogram Activity and Exploratory Behavior. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:750554. [PMID: 35444539 PMCID: PMC9015213 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.750554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Network communication in the CNS relies upon multiple neuronal and glial signaling pathways. In addition to synaptic transmission, other organelles such as mitochondria play roles in cellular signaling. One highly conserved mitochondrial signaling mechanism involves the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) of the outer mitochondrial membrane. Originally, TSPO was identified as a binding site for benzodiazepines in the periphery. It was later discovered that TSPO is found in mitochondria, including in CNS cells. TSPO is implicated in multiple cellular processes, including the translocation of cholesterol and steroidogenesis, porphyrin transport, cellular responses to stress, inflammation, and tumor progression. Yet the impacts of modulating TSPO signaling on network activity and behavioral performance have not been characterized. In the present study, we assessed the effects of TSPO modulators PK11195, Ro5-4864, and XBD-173 via electroencephalography (EEG) and the open field test (OFT) at low to moderate doses. Cortical EEG recordings revealed increased power in the δ and θ frequency bands after administration of each of the three modulators, as well as compound- and dose-specific changes in α and γ. Behaviorally, these compounds reduced locomotor activity in the OFT in a dose-dependent manner, with XBD-173 having the subtlest behavioral effects while still strongly modulating the EEG. These findings indicate that TSPO modulators, despite their diversity, exert similar effects on the EEG while displaying a range of sedative/hypnotic effects at moderate to high doses. These findings bring us one step closer to understanding the functions of TSPO in the brain and as a target in CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle M Hines
- Department of Psychology, Psychological and Brain Sciences & Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Programs, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Elaine A Aquino
- Department of Psychology, Psychological and Brain Sciences & Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Programs, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Matthew I Khumnark
- Department of Psychology, Psychological and Brain Sciences & Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Programs, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Maria P Dávila
- Department of Psychology, Psychological and Brain Sciences & Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Programs, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Dustin J Hines
- Department of Psychology, Psychological and Brain Sciences & Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Programs, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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10
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Efimova EV, Kuvarzin SR, Mor MS, Katolikova NV, Shemiakova TS, Razenkova V, Ptukha M, Kozlova AA, Murtazina RZ, Smirnova D, Veshchitskii AA, Merkulyeva NS, Volnova AB, Musienko PE, Korzhevskii DE, Budygin EA, Gainetdinov RR. Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 2 Is Expressed in the Limbic Brain Areas and Is Involved in Dopamine Regulation and Adult Neurogenesis. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:847410. [PMID: 35431833 PMCID: PMC9011332 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.847410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Trace amines are a group of biogenic amines that are structurally and functionally close to classical monoamine neurotransmitters. Trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) are emerging as promising targets for treating neuropsychiatric disorders. It has been documented that all TAARs, apart from TAAR1, function as olfactory receptors involved in sensing innate odors encoded by volatile amines. However, recently, brain expression and function of TAAR5 were also demonstrated. In this study, we assessed the behavior, brain neurochemistry, and electrophysiology changes in knock-out mice lacking Trace amine-associated receptor 2 (TAAR2) but expressing beta-Galactosidase mapping expression of TAAR2 receptors. As expected, we detected beta-Galactosidase staining in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb. However, we also found staining in the deeper layers of the olfactory bulb and several brain regions, including the hippocampus, cerebellum, cortex, raphe nuclei, hypothalamus, and habenula, indicating that TAAR2 receptors are not only expressed in the olfactory system but are also present in the limbic brain areas that receive olfactory input. In behavioral experiments, TAAR2 knock-out (TAAR2-KO) mice showed increased locomotor activity and less immobility in the forced swim test, with no changes in anxiety level. Furthermore, TAAR2-KO mice showed alterations in brain electrophysiological activity—particularly, decreased spectral power of the cortex and striatum in the 0, 9–20 Hz range. TAAR2-KO mice also had elevated tissue dopamine levels in the striatum and an increased dopaminergic neuron number in the Substantia Nigra. In addition, an increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA level in the striatum and Monoamine Oxidase B (MAO-B) mRNA level in the striatum and midbrain was found in TAAR2-KO mice. Importantly, TAAR2-KO mice demonstrated an increased neuroblast-like and proliferating cell number in the subventricular and subgranular zone, indicating increased adult neurogenesis. These data indicate that in addition to its role in the innate olfaction of volatile amines, TAAR2 is expressed in limbic brain areas and regulates the brain dopamine system, neuronal electrophysiological activity, and adult neurogenesis. These findings further corroborated observations in TAAR1-KO and TAAR5-KO mice, indicating common for TAAR family pattern of expression in limbic brain areas and role in regulating monoamine levels and adult neurogenesis, but with variable involvement of each subtype of TAAR receptors in these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya V. Efimova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Saveliy R. Kuvarzin
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikael S. Mor
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nataliia V. Katolikova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Taisiia S. Shemiakova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Maria Ptukha
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alena A. Kozlova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ramilya Z. Murtazina
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria Smirnova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Anna B. Volnova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pavel E. Musienko
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Evgeny A. Budygin
- Department of Neurobiology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Raul R. Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- St. Petersburg University Hospital, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- *Correspondence: Raul R. Gainetdinov,
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11
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Bowman C, Richter U, Jones CR, Agerskov C, Herrik KF. Activity-State Dependent Reversal of Ketamine-Induced Resting State EEG Effects by Clozapine and Naltrexone in the Freely Moving Rat. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:737295. [PMID: 35153870 PMCID: PMC8830299 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.737295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine is a non-competitive N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist used in the clinic to initiate and maintain anaesthesia; it induces dissociative states and has emerged as a breakthrough therapy for major depressive disorder. Using local field potential recordings in freely moving rats, we studied resting state EEG profiles induced by co-administering ketamine with either: clozapine, a highly efficacious antipsychotic; or naltrexone, an opioid receptor antagonist reported to block the acute antidepressant effects of ketamine. As human electroencephalography (EEG) is predominantly recorded in a passive state, head-mounted accelerometers were used with rats to determine active and passive states at a high temporal resolution to offer the highest translatability. In general, pharmacological effects for the three drugs were more pronounced in (or restricted to) the passive state. Specifically, during inactive periods clozapine induced increases in delta (0.1-4 Hz), gamma (30-60 Hz) and higher frequencies (>100 Hz). Importantly, it reversed the ketamine-induced reduction in low beta power (10-20 Hz) and potentiated ketamine-induced increases in gamma and high frequency oscillations (130-160 Hz). Naltrexone inhibited frequencies above 50 Hz and significantly reduced the ketamine-induced increase in high frequency oscillations. However, some frequency band changes, such as clozapine-induced decreases in delta power, were only seen in locomoting rats. These results emphasise the potential in differentiating between activity states to capture drug effects and translate to human resting state EEG. Furthermore, the differential reversal of ketamine-induced EEG effects by clozapine and naltrexone may have implications for the understanding of psychotomimetic as well as rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christien Bowman
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Bio Imaging Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ulrike Richter
- Department of Circuit Biology, Lundbeck, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher R Jones
- Department of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling and Simulation, Lundbeck, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Agerskov
- Department of Circuit Biology, Lundbeck, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Vejmola Č, Tylš F, Piorecká V, Koudelka V, Kadeřábek L, Novák T, Páleníček T. Psilocin, LSD, mescaline, and DOB all induce broadband desynchronization of EEG and disconnection in rats with robust translational validity. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:506. [PMID: 34601495 PMCID: PMC8487430 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonergic psychedelics are recently gaining a lot of attention as a potential treatment of several neuropsychiatric disorders. Broadband desynchronization of EEG activity and disconnection in humans have been repeatedly shown; however, translational data from animals are completely lacking. Therefore, the main aim of our study was to assess the effects of tryptamine and phenethylamine psychedelics (psilocin 4 mg/kg, LSD 0.2 mg/kg, mescaline 100 mg/kg, and DOB 5 mg/kg) on EEG in freely moving rats. A system consisting of 14 cortical EEG electrodes, co-registration of behavioral activity of animals with subsequent analysis only in segments corresponding to behavioral inactivity (resting-state-like EEG) was used in order to reach a high level of translational validity. Analyses of the mean power, topographic brain-mapping, and functional connectivity revealed that all of the psychedelics irrespective of the structural family induced overall and time-dependent global decrease/desynchronization of EEG activity and disconnection within 1-40 Hz. Major changes in activity were localized on the large areas of the frontal and sensorimotor cortex showing some subtle spatial patterns characterizing each substance. A rebound of occipital theta (4-8 Hz) activity was detected at later stages after treatment with mescaline and LSD. Connectivity analyses showed an overall decrease in global connectivity for both the components of cross-spectral and phase-lagged coherence. Since our results show almost identical effects to those known from human EEG/MEG studies, we conclude that our method has robust translational validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Čestmír Vejmola
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Filip Tylš
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Václava Piorecká
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | | | | | - Tomáš Novák
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
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13
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McWilliams EC, Barbey FM, Dyer JF, Islam MN, McGuinness B, Murphy B, Nolan H, Passmore P, Rueda-Delgado LM, Buick AR. Feasibility of Repeated Assessment of Cognitive Function in Older Adults Using a Wireless, Mobile, Dry-EEG Headset and Tablet-Based Games. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:574482. [PMID: 34276428 PMCID: PMC8281974 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.574482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Access to affordable, objective and scalable biomarkers of brain function is needed to transform the healthcare burden of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disease. Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, both resting and in combination with targeted cognitive tasks, have demonstrated utility in tracking disease state and therapy response in a range of conditions from schizophrenia to Alzheimer's disease. But conventional methods of recording this data involve burdensome clinic visits, and behavioural tasks that are not effective in frequent repeated use. This paper aims to evaluate the technical and human-factors feasibility of gathering large-scale EEG using novel technology in the home environment with healthy adult users. In a large field study, 89 healthy adults aged 40-79 years volunteered to use the system at home for 12 weeks, 5 times/week, for 30 min/session. A 16-channel, dry-sensor, portable wireless headset recorded EEG while users played gamified cognitive and passive tasks through a tablet application, including tests of decision making, executive function and memory. Data was uploaded to cloud servers and remotely monitored via web-based dashboards. Seventy-eight participants completed the study, and high levels of adherence were maintained throughout across all age groups, with mean compliance over the 12-week period of 82% (4.1 sessions per week). Reported ease of use was also high with mean System Usability Scale scores of 78.7. Behavioural response measures (reaction time and accuracy) and EEG components elicited by gamified stimuli (P300, ERN, Pe and changes in power spectral density) were extracted from the data collected in home, across a wide range of ages, including older adult participants. Findings replicated well-known patterns of age-related change and demonstrated the feasibility of using low-burden, large-scale, longitudinal EEG measurement in community-based cohorts. This technology enables clinically relevant data to be recorded outside the lab/clinic, from which metrics underlying cognitive ageing could be extracted, opening the door to potential new ways of developing digital cognitive biomarkers for disorders affecting the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John F. Dyer
- Cumulus Neuroscience Ltd, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bernadette McGuinness
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Murphy
- Cumulus Neuroscience Ltd, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Nolan
- Cumulus Neuroscience Ltd, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter Passmore
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Laura M. Rueda-Delgado
- Cumulus Neuroscience Ltd, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alison R. Buick
- Cumulus Neuroscience Ltd, Belfast, United Kingdom
- School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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14
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Grotell M, Abdurakhmanova S, Elsilä LV, Korpi ER. Mice Lacking GABA A Receptor δ Subunit Have Altered Pharmaco-EEG Responses to Multiple Drugs. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:706894. [PMID: 34234684 PMCID: PMC8255781 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.706894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the brain, extrasynaptically expressed ionotropic, δ subunit-containing γ-aminobutyric acid A-type receptors (δ-GABAARs) have been implicated in drug effects at both neuronal and behavioral levels. These alterations are supposed to be caused via drug-induced modulation of receptor ionophores affecting chloride ion-mediated inhibitory tonic currents. Often, a transgenic mouse model genetically lacking the δ-GABAARs (δ-KO) has been used to study the roles of δ-GABAARs in brain functions, because a specific antagonist of the δ-GABAARs is still lacking. We have previously observed with these δ-KO mice that activation of δ-GABAARs is needed for morphine-induced conditioning of place preference, and others have suggested that δ-GABAARs act as targets selectively for low doses of ethanol. Furthermore, activation of these receptors via drug-mediated agonism induces a robust increase in the slow-wave frequency bands of electroencephalography (EEG). Here, we tested δ-KO mice (compared to littermate wild-type controls) for the pharmaco-EEG responses of a broad spectrum of pharmacologically different drug classes, including alcohol, opioids, stimulants, and psychedelics. Gaboxadol (THIP), a known superagonist of δ-GABAARs, was included as the positive control, and as expected, δ-KO mice produced a blunted pharmaco-EEG response to 6 mg/kg THIP. Pharmaco-EEGs showed notable differences between treatments but also differences between δ-KO mice and their wild-type littermates. Interestingly mephedrone (4-MMC, 5 mg/kg), an amphetamine-like stimulant, had reduced effects in the δ-KO mice. The responses to ethanol (1 g/kg), LSD (0.2 mg/kg), and morphine (20 mg/kg) were similar in δ-KO and wild-type mice. Since stimulants are not known to act on δ-GABAARs, our findings on pharmaco-EEG effects of 4-MMC suggest that δ-GABAARs are involved in the secondary indirect regulation of the brain rhythms after 4-MMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milo Grotell
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Lauri V Elsilä
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa R Korpi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Loiodice S, Drinkenburg WH, Ahnaou A, McCarthy A, Viardot G, Cayre E, Rion B, Bertaina-Anglade V, Mano M, L’Hostis P, Drieu La Rochelle C, Kas MJ, Danjou P. Mismatch negativity as EEG biomarker supporting CNS drug development: a transnosographic and translational study. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:253. [PMID: 33927180 PMCID: PMC8085207 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of translation from basic research into new medicines is a major challenge in CNS drug development. The need to use novel approaches relying on (i) patient clustering based on neurobiology irrespective to symptomatology and (ii) quantitative biomarkers focusing on evolutionarily preserved neurobiological systems allowing back-translation from clinical to nonclinical research has been highlighted. Here we sought to evaluate the mismatch negativity (MMN) response in schizophrenic (SZ) patients, Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, and age-matched healthy controls. To evaluate back-translation of the MMN response, we developed EEG-based procedures allowing the measurement of MMN-like responses in a rat model of schizophrenia and a mouse model of AD. Our results indicate a significant MMN attenuation in SZ but not in AD patients. Consistently with the clinical findings, we observed a significant attenuation of deviance detection (~104.7%) in rats subchronically exposed to phencyclidine, while no change was observed in APP/PS1 transgenic mice when compared to wild type. This study provides new insight into the cross-disease evaluation of the MMN response. Our findings suggest further investigations to support the identification of neurobehavioral subtypes that may help patients clustering for precision medicine intervention. Furthermore, we provide evidence that MMN could be used as a quantitative/objective efficacy biomarker during both preclinical and clinical stages of SZ drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Loiodice
- Biotrial Pharmacology, 7-9 rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35042, Rennes, France.
| | - Wilhelmus H. Drinkenburg
- grid.419619.20000 0004 0623 0341Department of Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutical NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium ,grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700 CC, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Abdallah Ahnaou
- grid.419619.20000 0004 0623 0341Department of Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutical NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Andrew McCarthy
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH UK
| | - Geoffrey Viardot
- Biotrial Neuroscience, Avenue de Bruxelles, 68350 Didenheim, France
| | - Emilie Cayre
- Biotrial Pharmacology, 7-9 rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Bertrand Rion
- Biotrial Pharmacology, 7-9 rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35042 Rennes, France
| | | | - Marsel Mano
- Biotrial Neuroscience, Avenue de Bruxelles, 68350 Didenheim, France
| | | | | | - Martien J. Kas
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700 CC, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Danjou
- Biotrial Neuroscience, Avenue de Bruxelles, 68350 Didenheim, France
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16
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Nyitrai G, Kiss B, Farkas B, Balázs O, Diószegi P, Lendvai B, Czurkó A. Cariprazine modulates sleep architecture in rats. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:303-310. [PMID: 33406962 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120981378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cariprazine is a dopamine D3-preferring D3/D2 receptor partial agonist compound recently introduced to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Although cariprazine is clinically classified as a low-somnolence drug, to date no detailed polysomnographic study is available on its effect on sleep. AIMS This study examined the acute systemic effects of cariprazine on the rat sleep architecture and electroencephalography spectral power. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were recorded during their normal sleep period for four hours, and their sleep stages were classified. RESULTS Cariprazine (0.3 mg/kg i.p.) reduced the time spent in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and increased REM latency. This dose of cariprazine decreased the gamma (40-80 Hz) band frequency oscillations and increased the theta (4-9 Hz) and alpha (9-15 Hz) frequencies during the wake periods but not during slow-wave sleep. The 0.03 mg/kg dose of cariprazine only increased the alpha power during the wake periods, while the 0.003 mg/kg dose was without any effect. CONCLUSION Taken together, the present results suggest that the REM-suppressing effect of cariprazine may be related to its effectiveness in improving depressive symptoms, as various drugs with similar REM-reducing properties effectively treat the depressive state, whereas the gamma power-reducing effect of cariprazine may be indicative of its efficacy in schizophrenia or mania, as similar effects have been observed with other D2 and 5-HT2 receptor antagonist drugs. These data contribute to our understanding of the complex mechanism of action that may stand behind the clinical efficacy of cariprazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Nyitrai
- Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Kiss
- Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Farkas
- Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ottilia Balázs
- Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pálma Diószegi
- Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Lendvai
- Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Czurkó
- Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest, Hungary
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17
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Fisher AS, Lanigan MT, Upton N, Lione LA. Preclinical Neuropathic Pain Assessment; the Importance of Translatability and Bidirectional Research. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:614990. [PMID: 33628181 PMCID: PMC7897667 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.614990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
For patients suffering with chronic neuropathic pain the need for suitable novel therapies is imperative. Over recent years a contributing factor for the lack of development of new analgesics for neuropathic pain has been the mismatch of primary neuropathic pain assessment endpoints in preclinical vs. clinical trials. Despite continuous forward translation failures across diverse mechanisms, reflexive quantitative sensory testing remains the primary assessment endpoint for neuropathic pain and analgesia in animals. Restricting preclinical evaluation of pain and analgesia to exclusively reflexive outcomes is over simplified and can be argued not clinically relevant due to the continued lack of forward translation and failures in the clinic. The key to developing new analgesic treatments for neuropathic pain therefore lies in the development of clinically relevant endpoints that can translate preclinical animal results to human clinical trials. In this review we discuss this mismatch of primary neuropathic pain assessment endpoints, together with clinical and preclinical evidence that supports how bidirectional research is helping to validate new clinically relevant neuropathic pain assessment endpoints. Ethological behavioral endpoints such as burrowing and facial grimacing and objective measures such as electroencephalography provide improved translatability potential together with currently used quantitative sensory testing endpoints. By tailoring objective and subjective measures of neuropathic pain the translatability of new medicines for patients suffering with neuropathic pain will hopefully be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Fisher
- Transpharmation Ltd., The London Bioscience Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T Lanigan
- Transpharmation Ltd., The London Bioscience Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom.,School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Upton
- Transpharmation Ltd., The London Bioscience Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa A Lione
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
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18
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Jiricek S, Koudelka V, Lacik J, Vejmola C, Kuratko D, Wójcik DK, Raida Z, Hlinka J, Palenicek T. Electrical Source Imaging in Freely Moving Rats: Evaluation of a 12-Electrode Cortical Electroencephalography System. Front Neuroinform 2021; 14:589228. [PMID: 33568980 PMCID: PMC7868391 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2020.589228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents and evaluates a 12-electrode intracranial electroencephalography system developed at the National Institute of Mental Health (Klecany, Czech Republic) in terms of an electrical source imaging (ESI) technique in rats. The electrode system was originally designed for translational research purposes. This study demonstrates that it is also possible to use this well-established system for ESI, and estimates its precision, accuracy, and limitations. Furthermore, this paper sets a methodological basis for future implants. Source localization quality is evaluated using three approaches based on surrogate data, physical phantom measurements, and in vivo experiments. The forward model for source localization is obtained from the FieldTrip-SimBio pipeline using the finite-element method. Rat brain tissue extracted from a magnetic resonance imaging template is approximated by a single-compartment homogeneous tetrahedral head model. Four inverse solvers were tested: standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography, exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA), linear constrained minimum variance (LCMV), and dynamic imaging of coherent sources. Based on surrogate data, this paper evaluates the accuracy and precision of all solvers within the brain volume using error distance and reliability maps. The mean error distance over the whole brain was found to be the lowest in the eLORETA solution through signal to noise ratios (SNRs) (0.2 mm for 25 dB SNR). The LCMV outperformed eLORETA under higher SNR conditions, and exhibiting higher spatial precision. Both of these inverse solvers provided accurate results in a phantom experiment (1.6 mm mean error distance across shallow and 2.6 mm across subcortical testing dipoles). Utilizing the developed technique in freely moving rats, an auditory steady-state response experiment provided results in line with previously reported findings. The obtained results support the idea of utilizing a 12-electrode system for ESI and using it as a solid basis for the development of future ESI dedicated implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Jiricek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Department of Cybernetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Complex Systems, Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Jaroslav Lacik
- Department of Radioengineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Cestmir Vejmola
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - David Kuratko
- Department of Radioengineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Daniel K. Wójcik
- Department of Radioengineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
- Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbynek Raida
- Department of Radioengineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jaroslav Hlinka
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Department of Complex Systems, Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomas Palenicek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Hui J, Zomorrodi R, Lioumis P, Salavati B, Rajji TK, Chen R, Blumberger DM, Daskalakis ZJ. Pharmacological mechanisms of interhemispheric signal propagation: a TMS-EEG study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:932-939. [PMID: 31357206 PMCID: PMC7162860 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0468-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Interhemispheric connections across the corpus callosum have a predominantly inhibitory effect. Previous electrophysiology studies imply that local inhibitory circuits are responsible for inducing transcallosal inhibition, likely through inhibitory GABAB-mediated neurotransmission. We investigated the neurochemical mechanisms involved in interhemispheric connectivity by measuring transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced interhemispheric signal propagation (ISP) in the motor cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) with electroencephalography (EEG) recordings under the pharmacological effects of baclofen, L-DOPA, dextromethorphan, and rivastigmine. We hypothesized that for both stimulated regions, GABAB receptor agonist baclofen would decrease ISP when compared against baseline while drugs that target other neurotransmitter systems (dopaminergic, acetylcholinergic, and glutamatergic systems) would have no effect on ISP. Twelve right-handed healthy volunteers completed this study and underwent TMS across five sessions in a randomized order. In the motor cortex, participants showed a significant decrease in ISP under baclofen, but not in the other drug conditions. There were no drug-induced changes in ISP in the DLPFC and baseline ISP did not differ across experimental sessions for both brain regions. Together, our results suggest that the inhibitory effects observed with interhemispheric signal transmission are mediated by a population of interneurons involving GABAB receptor neurotransmission. Inhibitory mechanisms of ISP may be more salient for motor-related functions in the motor cortex than for cognitive control in the DLPFC. These findings are a fundamental step in advancing our understanding of interhemispheric connectivity and may be used to identify treatments for disorders in which transcallosal transmission is dysfunctional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette Hui
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bTemerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Reza Zomorrodi
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bTemerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Pantelis Lioumis
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bTemerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada ,0000000108389418grid.5373.2Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Bahar Salavati
- 0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Tarek K. Rajji
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bTemerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Robert Chen
- 0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,0000 0004 0474 0428grid.231844.8Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network and Division of Neurology, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Daniel M. Blumberger
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bTemerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Zafiris J. Daskalakis
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bTemerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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Raith H, Schuelert N, Duveau V, Roucard C, Plano A, Dorner-Ciossek C, Ferger B. Differential effects of traxoprodil and S-ketamine on quantitative EEG and auditory event-related potentials as translational biomarkers in preclinical trials in rats and mice. Neuropharmacology 2020; 171:108072. [PMID: 32243874 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative Electroencephalography (qEEG) and event-related potential (ERP) assessment have emerged as powerful tools to unravel translational biomarkers in preclinical and clinical psychiatric drug discovery trials. The aim of the present study was to compare the GluN2B negative allosteric modulator (NAM) traxoprodil (CP-101,606) with the unselective NMDA receptor channel blocker S-ketamine to give insight into central target engagement and differentiation on multiple EEG readouts. For qEEG recordings telemetric transmitters were implanted in male Wistar rats. Recorded EEG data were analyzed using fast Fourier transformation to determine power spectra and vigilance states. Additionally, body temperature and locomotor activity were assessed via telemetry. For recordings of auditory event-related potentials (AERP) male C57Bl/6J mice were chronically implanted with deep electrodes using a tethered system. Power spectral analysis revealed a significant increase in gamma power following ketamine treatment, whereas traxoprodil (6&18 mg/kg) induced an overall decrease primarily within alpha and beta bands. Additionally, ketamine disrupted sleep and enhanced time spent in wake vigilance states, whereas traxoprodil did not alter sleep-wake architecture. AERP and mismatch negativity (MMN) revealed that ketamine (10 mg/kg) selectively disrupts auditory deviance detection, whereas traxoprodil (6 mg/kg) did not alter MMN at clinically relevant doses. In contrast to ketamine treatment, traxoprodil did not produce hyperactivity and hypothermia. In conclusion, ketamine and traxoprodil showed very different effects on diverse EEG readouts differentiating selective GluN2B antagonism from non-selective pan-NMDA-R antagonists like ketamine. These readouts are thus perfectly suited to support drug discovery efforts on NMDA-R and understanding the different functions of NMDA-R subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Raith
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Diseases Research Germany, Birkendorferstr. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
| | - Niklas Schuelert
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Diseases Research Germany, Birkendorferstr. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
| | - Venceslas Duveau
- SynapCell SAS, Biopolis and Institut Jean Roget, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1, Domaine de la merci, 38700, La Tronche, France.
| | - Corinne Roucard
- SynapCell SAS, Biopolis and Institut Jean Roget, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1, Domaine de la merci, 38700, La Tronche, France.
| | - Andrea Plano
- Plano Consulting, Georg-Schinbain-Str. 70, 88400, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
| | - Cornelia Dorner-Ciossek
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Diseases Research Germany, Birkendorferstr. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
| | - Boris Ferger
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Diseases Research Germany, Birkendorferstr. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
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What electrophysiology tells us about Alzheimer's disease: a window into the synchronization and connectivity of brain neurons. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 85:58-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Hines RM, Khumnark M, Macphail B, Hines DJ. Administration of Micronized Caffeine Using a Novel Oral Delivery Film Results in Rapid Absorption and Electroencephalogram Suppression. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:983. [PMID: 31551785 PMCID: PMC6747905 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Route of administration is well-known to impact factors ranging from absorption and distribution, up through the subjective effects of active ingredients. Different routes of administration confer specific advantages, such as more rapid absorption resulting from intravenous injection, or increased convenience with oral administration, but a combination of both rapid and convenient delivery is highly desirable. QuickStrip™ was designed as a rapidly dissolving thin film matrix that contains active ingredients, which may be promising for rapid and convenient delivery via the oral mucosa. To assess the delivery of QuickStrip™, we administered the well-characterized active ingredient caffeine to mice and compared QuickStrip™ to standard oral gavage delivery at an equivalent dose of 20 mg kg-1. Using HPLC assessment of serum concentrations of caffeine, we found that QuickStrip™ delivery resulted in higher serum levels of caffeine at 1, 10, and 30 min following administration compared to gavage. QuickStrip™ also produced greater bioavailability compared to gavage, as demonstrated by area under the curve analysis. Caffeine delivered by QuickStrip™ produced robust behavioral activation of locomotion, consistent with gavage caffeine. Electroencephalographic (EEG) assessment of central nervous system effects demonstrated that both gavage and QuickStrip™ caffeine produced suppression of delta and theta, consistent with prior literature on the effects of caffeine. In addition, QuickStrip™ produced a more rapid onset of EEG suppression, supporting the more rapid absorption demonstrated in the serum studies. Collectively, these studies suggest that QuickStrip™ may provide a balance between convenience and rapid onset, offering new options for delivery of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle M Hines
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Matthew Khumnark
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | | | - Dustin J Hines
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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Toth LA. Interacting Influences of Sleep, Pain, and Analgesic Medications on Sleep Studies in Rodents. Comp Med 2019; 69:571-578. [PMID: 31213217 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-19-000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This overview provides a brief summary of the complex interactions that link sleep, pain, and analgesic medications. Sleep scientists and clinicians are well aware of these relationships and understand that maintaining healthy pain-free subjects in a stable environment is essential to generating interpretable data and valid conclusions. However, these concepts and the data that support bidirectional interactions between sleep and pain may be less known to those who are not sleep scientists yet need such information to protect and advance both animal wellbeing and research validity (for example, veterinarians, IACUC members). Abundant human evidence supports the disruptive effect of pain and the modulatory effects of analgesic drugs on sleep; however, analgesic drugs can alter both sleep and the electroencephalogram, which is the primary objective measure for identifying sleep and evaluating sleep properties in both humans and animals. Consideration of the modulatory and interactive relationships of sleep, pain, and analgesic medications is essential to designing and conducting valid and reproducible sleep research using animal subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Toth
- Emeritus faculty, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois;,
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Early Electrophysiological Disintegration of Hippocampal Neural Networks in a Novel Locus Coeruleus Tau-Seeding Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:6981268. [PMID: 31285742 PMCID: PMC6594257 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6981268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of synapses and disrupted functional connectivity (FC) across different brain regions. Early in AD progression, tau pathology is found in the locus coeruleus (LC) prior to amyloid-induced exacerbation of clinical symptoms. Here, a tau-seeding model in which preformed synthetic tau fibrils (K18) were unilaterally injected into the LC of P301L mice, equipped with multichannel electrodes for recording EEG in frontal cortical and CA1-CA3 hippocampal areas, was used to longitudinally quantify over 20 weeks of functional network dynamics in (1) power spectra; (2) FC using intra- and intersite phase-amplitude theta-gamma coupling (PAC); (3) coherence, partial coherence, and global coherent network efficiency (Eglob) estimates; and (4) the directionality of functional connectivity using extended partial direct coherence (PDC). A sustained leftward shift in the theta peak frequency was found early in the power spectra of hippocampal CA1 networks ipsilateral to the injection site. Strikingly, hippocampal CA1 coherence and Eglob measures were impaired in K18-treated animals. Estimation of instantaneous EEG amplitudes revealed deficiency in the propagation directionality of gamma oscillations in the CA1 circuit. Impaired PAC strength evidenced by decreased modulation of the theta frequency phase on gamma frequency amplitude further confirms impairments of the neural CA1 network. The present results demonstrate early dysfunctional hippocampal networks, despite no spreading tau pathology to the hippocampus and frontal cortex. The ability of the K18 seed in the brainstem LC to elicit such robust functional alterations in distant hippocampal structures in the absence of pathology challenges the classic view that tau pathology spread to an area is necessary to elicit functional impairments in that area.
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TAK-071, a muscarinic M1 receptor positive allosteric modulator, attenuates scopolamine-induced quantitative electroencephalogram power spectral changes in cynomolgus monkeys. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0207969. [PMID: 30856192 PMCID: PMC6411103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the muscarinic M1 receptor is a promising approach to improve cognitive deficits associated with cholinergic dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and schizophrenia. TAK-071 is an M1-selective positive allosteric modulator that improves cognitive deficits induced by scopolamine, a non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist, with reduced side effects on gastrointestinal function in rats. In this study, we explored changes in quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) power bands, with or without scopolamine challenge, as a non-invasive translational biomarker for the effect of TAK-071 in cynomolgus monkeys. Scopolamine has been reported to increase theta and delta power bands and decrease alpha power band in healthy volunteers. In line with the clinical observations, scopolamine (25–100 μg/kg, subcutaneous administration [s.c.]) increased theta and delta power bands in cynomolgus monkeys in a dose-dependent manner, whereas it had the opposite effect on alpha power band. The effects of TAK-071 on scopolamine (25 μg/kg, s.c.)-induced qEEG spectral changes were examined using an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil and a muscarinic M1/M4 receptor agonist xanomeline as comparative cholinomimetics. TAK-071 (0.3–3 mg/kg, oral administration [p.o.]), donepezil (3 mg/kg, p.o.), and xanomeline (1 mg/kg, s.c.) suppressed the scopolamine-induced increases in alpha, theta, and delta power bands. These results suggest that changes in specific qEEG power bands, in particular theta and delta power bands in the context of scopolamine challenge, could be used as translational biomarkers for the evaluation of TAK-071 in clinical studies.
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Stoiljkovic M, Kelley C, Horvath TL, Hajós M. Neurophysiological signals as predictive translational biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease treatment: effects of donepezil on neuronal network oscillations in TgF344-AD rats. Alzheimers Res Ther 2018; 10:105. [PMID: 30301466 PMCID: PMC6178257 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Translational research in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology provides evidence that accumulation of amyloid-β and hyperphosphorylated tau, neuropathological hallmarks of AD, is associated with complex disturbances in synaptic and neuronal function leading to oscillatory abnormalities in the neuronal networks that support memory and cognition. Accordingly, our recent study on transgenic TgF344-AD rats modeling AD showed an age-dependent reduction of stimulation-induced oscillations in the hippocampus, and disrupted long-range connectivity together with enhanced neuronal excitability in the cortex, reflected in greatly increased expression of high-voltage spindles, an epileptic absence seizure-like activity. To better understand the translational value of observed oscillatory abnormalities in these rats, we examine here the effects of donepezil, an acetylcholine esterase inhibitor clinically approved for AD treatment. METHODS Brainstem nucleus pontis oralis stimulation-induced hippocampal oscillations were recorded under urethane anesthesia in adult (6-month-old) and aged (12-month-old) TgF344-AD and wild-type rats. Spontaneous cortical activity was monitored in a cohort of freely behaving aged rats implanted with frontal and occipital cortical electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes. RESULTS Subcutaneous administration of donepezil significantly augmented stimulation-induced hippocampal theta oscillation in aged wild-type rats and both adult and aged TgF344-AD rats, which have been previously shown to have diminished response to nucleus pontis oralis stimulation. Moreover, in adult TgF344-AD rats, donepezil also significantly increased theta phase-gamma amplitude coupling in the hippocampus during stimulation. However, neither of these effects were significantly changed in adult wild-type rats. Under freely behaving conditions, donepezil treatment had the opposite effect on cortical oscillatory connectivity in TgF344-AD and wild-type rats, and it reduced the occurrence of high-voltage spindle activity in TgF344-AD rats. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results imply that pharmacologically enhancing cholinergic tone with donepezil could partially reverse oscillatory abnormalities in TgF344-AD rats, which is in line with its clinical effectiveness in AD patients. Therefore, our study suggests good translational opportunities for these neurophysiological signals recorded in TgF344-AD rats, and their application could be considered in drug discovery efforts for developing therapies with disease-modifying potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Stoiljkovic
- Translational Neuropharmacology, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Craig Kelley
- Translational Neuropharmacology, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Tamas L. Horvath
- Translational Neuropharmacology, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Mihály Hajós
- Translational Neuropharmacology, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
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Walsh C, Drinkenburg W, Ahnaou A. Neurophysiological assessment of neural network plasticity and connectivity: Progress towards early functional biomarkers for disease interception therapies in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 73:340-358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Sannita WG. Higher Brain Function and the Laws of Thermodynamics. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter G. Sannita
- Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Mother and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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