1
|
Grotewold N, Albin RL. Update: Protective and risk factors for Parkinson disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 125:107026. [PMID: 38879999 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.107026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
We review the epidemiologic literature on potential protective and risk factors in Parkinson's Disease (PD). Prior research identified numerous possible protective and risk factors. Potential protective factors include tobacco abuse, physical activity, urate levels, NSAID use, calcium channel blocker use, statin use, and use of some α1-adrenergic antagonists. Some potential protective factors could be products of reverse causation, including increased serum urate, tobacco abuse, and coffee-tea-caffeine consumption. Potential risk factors include traumatic brain injury, pesticide exposure, organic solvent exposure, lead exposure, air pollution, Type 2 Diabetes, some dairy products, cardiovascular disease, and some infections including Hepatitis C, H. pylori, and COVID-19. Potential non-environmental risk factors include bipolar disorder, essential tremor, bullous pemphigoid, and inflammatory bowel disease. There is an inverse relationship with PD and risk of most cancers. Though many potential protective and risk factors for PD were identified, research has not yet led to unique, rigorous prevention trials or successful disease-modifying interventions. While efforts to reduce exposure to some industrial toxicants are well justified, PD incidence might be most effectively reduced by mitigation of risks, such as Type 2 Diabetes, air pollution, traumatic brain injury, or physical inactivity, that are general public health intervention targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Grotewold
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Roger L Albin
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; GRECC & Neurology Service, VAAAHS, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA; University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; University of Michigan Parkinson's Foundation Research Center of Excellence, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee IH, Kim DK. Head and Neck Cancer: A Potential Risk Factor for Parkinson's Disease? Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2486. [PMID: 39001548 PMCID: PMC11240437 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNC) are frequently associated with neurodegeneration. However, the association between HNC and Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between HNC and subsequent PD. This retrospective study used data from a nationally representative cohort. Patients with HNC were identified based on the presence of corresponding diagnostic codes. Participants without cancer were selected using 4:1 propensity score matching based on sociodemographic factors and year of enrollment; 2296 individuals without HNC and 574 individuals with HNC were included in the study. Hazard ratios (HR) for the incidence of PD in patients with HNC were calculated using 95% confidence intervals (CI). The incidence of PD was 4.17 and 2.18 per 1000 person-years in the HNC and control groups, respectively (adjusted HR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.08-3.33). The HNC group also showed an increased risk of subsequent PD development. The risk of PD was higher in middle-aged (55-69 years) patients with HNC and oral cavity cancer. Our findings suggest that middle-aged patients with HNC have an increased incidence of PD, specifically those with oral cavity cancer. Therefore, our findings provide new insights into the development of PD in patients with HNC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Il Hwan Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Division of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Akbaş KE, Hark BD. Evaluation of quantitative bias analysis in epidemiological research: A systematic review from 2010 to mid-2023. J Eval Clin Pract 2024. [PMID: 39031561 DOI: 10.1111/jep.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to demonstrate the use of quantitative bias analysis (QBA), which reveals the effects of systematic error, including confounding, misclassification and selection bias, on study results in epidemiological studies published in the period from 2010 to mid-23. METHOD The articles identified through a keyword search using Pubmed and Scopus were included in the study. The articles obtained from this search were eliminated according to the exclusion criteria, and the articles in which QBA analysis was applied were included in the detailed evaluation. RESULTS It can be said that the application of QBA analysis has gradually increased over the 13-year period. Accordingly, the number of articles in which simple is used as a method in QBA analysis is 9 (9.89%), the number of articles in which the multidimensional approach is used is 10 (10.99%), the number of articles in which the probabilistic approach is used is 60 (65.93%) and the number of articles in which the method is not specified is 12 (13.19%). The number of articles with misclassification bias model is 44 (48.35%), the number of articles with uncontrolled confounder(s) bias model is 32 (35.16%), the number of articles with selection bias model is 7 (7.69%) and the number of articles using more than one bias model is 8 (8.79%). Of the 49 (53.85%) articles in which the bias parameter source was specified, 19 (38.78%) used internal validation, 26 (53.06%) used external validation and 4 (8.16%) used educated guess, data constraints and hypothetical data. Probabilistic approach was used as a bias method in 60 (65.93%) of the articles, and mostly beta (8 [13.33%)], normal (9 [15.00%]) and uniform (8 [13.33%]) distributions were selected. CONCLUSION The application of QBA is rare in the literature but is increasing over time. Future researchers should include detailed analyzes such as QBA analysis to obtain inferences with higher evidence value, taking into account systematic errors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Elif Akbaş
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Betül Dağoğlu Hark
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Deliz JR, Tanner CM, Gonzalez-Latapi P. Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease: An Update. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2024; 24:163-179. [PMID: 38642225 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-024-01339-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In recent decades, epidemiological understanding of Parkinson disease (PD) has evolved significantly. Major discoveries in genetics and large epidemiological investigations have provided a better understanding of the genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors that play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of PD. In this review, we provide an epidemiological update of PD with a particular focus on advances in the last five years of published literature. RECENT FINDINGS We include an overview of PD pathophysiology, followed by a detailed discussion of the known distribution of disease and varied determinants of disease. We describe investigations of risk factors for PD, and provide a critical summary of current knowledge, knowledge gaps, and both clinical and research implications. We emphasize the need to characterize the epidemiology of the disease in diverse populations. Despite increasing understanding of PD epidemiology, recent paradigm shifts in the conceptualization of PD as a biological entity will also impact epidemiological research moving forward and guide further work in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Deliz
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Caroline M Tanner
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California -San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paulina Gonzalez-Latapi
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sugier P, Lucotte EA, Domenighetti C, Law MH, Iles MM, Brown K, Amos C, McKay JD, Hung RJ, Karimi M, Bacq‐Daian D, Boland‐Augé A, Olaso R, Deleuze J, Lesueur F, Ostroumova E, Kesminiene A, de Vathaire F, Guénel P, Sreelatha AAK, Schulte C, Grover S, May P, Bobbili DR, Radivojkov‐Blagojevic M, Lichtner P, Singleton AB, Hernandez DG, Edsall C, Mellick GD, Zimprich A, Pirker W, Rogaeva E, Lang AE, Koks S, Taba P, Lesage S, Brice A, Corvol J, Chartier‐Harlin M, Mutez E, Brockmann K, Deutschländer AB, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Dardiotis E, Stefanis L, Simitsi AM, Valente EM, Petrucci S, Straniero L, Zecchinelli A, Pezzoli G, Brighina L, Ferrarese C, Annesi G, Quattrone A, Gagliardi M, Matsuo H, Nakayama A, Hattori N, Nishioka K, Chung SJ, Kim YJ, Kolber P, van de Warrenburg BP, Bloem BR, Aasly J, Toft M, Pihlstrøm L, Guedes LC, Ferreira JJ, Bardien S, Carr J, Tolosa E, Ezquerra M, Pastor P, Diez‐Fairen M, Wirdefeldt K, Pedersen N, Ran C, Belin AC, Puschmann A, Rödström EY, Clarke CE, Morrison KE, Tan M, Krainc D, Burbulla LF, Farrer MJ, Kruger R, Gasser T, Sharma M, Truong T, Elbaz A. Investigation of Shared Genetic Risk Factors Between Parkinson's Disease and Cancers. Mov Disord 2023; 38:604-615. [PMID: 36788297 PMCID: PMC10334300 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies that examined the association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and cancers led to inconsistent results, but they face a number of methodological difficulties. OBJECTIVE We used results from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to study the genetic correlation between PD and different cancers to identify common genetic risk factors. METHODS We used individual data for participants of European ancestry from the Courage-PD (Comprehensive Unbiased Risk Factor Assessment for Genetics and Environment in Parkinson's Disease; PD, N = 16,519) and EPITHYR (differentiated thyroid cancer, N = 3527) consortia and summary statistics of GWASs from iPDGC (International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium; PD, N = 482,730), Melanoma Meta-Analysis Consortium (MMAC), Breast Cancer Association Consortium (breast cancer), the Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome (prostate cancer), International Lung Cancer Consortium (lung cancer), and Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (ovarian cancer) (N comprised between 36,017 and 228,951 for cancer GWASs). We estimated the genetic correlation between PD and cancers using linkage disequilibrium score regression. We studied the association between PD and polymorphisms associated with cancers, and vice versa, using cross-phenotypes polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses. RESULTS We confirmed a previously reported positive genetic correlation of PD with melanoma (Gcorr = 0.16 [0.04; 0.28]) and reported an additional significant positive correlation of PD with prostate cancer (Gcorr = 0.11 [0.03; 0.19]). There was a significant inverse association between the PRS for ovarian cancer and PD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.89 [0.84; 0.94]). Conversely, the PRS of PD was positively associated with breast cancer (OR = 1.08 [1.06; 1.10]) and inversely associated with ovarian cancer (OR = 0.95 [0.91; 0.99]). The association between PD and ovarian cancer was mostly driven by rs183211 located in an intron of the NSF gene (17q21.31). CONCLUSIONS We show evidence in favor of a contribution of pleiotropic genes to the association between PD and specific cancers. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre‐Emmanuel Sugier
- Université Paris‐Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Team “Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health”, CESPVillejuifFrance
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et de leurs Applications de PauE2S UPPA, CNRSPauFrance
| | - Elise A. Lucotte
- Université Paris‐Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Team “Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health”, CESPVillejuifFrance
| | - Cloé Domenighetti
- Université Paris‐Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Team “Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health”, CESPVillejuifFrance
| | - Matthew H. Law
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Mark M. Iles
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and PathologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUnited Kingdom
| | - Kevin Brown
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Christopher Amos
- Institute for Clinical and Translational ResearchBaylor Medical College of MedecineHoustonTexasUSA
| | | | - Rayjean J. Hung
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbuaum Research Institute, Sinai Health SystemTorontoOntarioCanada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Mojgan Karimi
- Université Paris‐Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Team “Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health”, CESPVillejuifFrance
| | - Delphine Bacq‐Daian
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François JacobEvryFrance
| | - Anne Boland‐Augé
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François JacobEvryFrance
| | - Robert Olaso
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François JacobEvryFrance
| | - Jean‐françois Deleuze
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François JacobEvryFrance
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Inserm, U900, Institut Curie, PSL University, Mines ParisTechParisFrance
| | | | | | - Florent de Vathaire
- Université Paris‐Saclay, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Team “Epidemiology of radiations,” CESPVillejuifFrance
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Université Paris‐Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Team “Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health”, CESPVillejuifFrance
| | | | - Ashwin Ashok Kumar Sreelatha
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied BiometryUniversity of TubingenTübingenGermany
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TubingenTübingenGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesTübingenGermany
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied BiometryUniversity of TubingenTübingenGermany
| | - Patrick May
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐BelvalLuxembourg
| | - Dheeraj R. Bobbili
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐BelvalLuxembourg
| | | | - Peter Lichtner
- Institute of Human GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Andrew B. Singleton
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Center For Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Dena G. Hernandez
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Connor Edsall
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - George D. Mellick
- Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanAustralia
| | | | - Walter Pirker
- Department of NeurologyKlinik OttakringViennaAustria
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Anthony E. Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders ClinicToronto Western Hospital, UHNTorontoOntarioCanada
- Division of NeurologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Krembil Brain InstituteTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Sulev Koks
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative TherapeuticsMurdoch UniversityMurdochAustralia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational ScienceNedlandsAustralia
| | - Pille Taba
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
- Neurology Clinic, Tartu University HospitalTartuEstonia
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Department of NeurologySorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
| | - Alexis Brice
- Department of NeurologySorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
| | - Jean‐Christophe Corvol
- Department of NeurologySorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of NeurologyCIC NeurosciencesParisFrance
| | | | - Eugénie Mutez
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR‐S 1172, LilNCog, Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & CognitionLilleFrance
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TubingenTübingenGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesTübingenGermany
| | - Angela B. Deutschländer
- Department of NeurologyLudwig Maximilians University of MunichMunichGermany
- Department of NeurologyMax Planck Institute of PsychiatryMunichGermany
| | - Georges M. Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical GenomicsMayo Clinic FloridaJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of NeurogeneticsUniversity of Thessaly, University Hospital of LarissaLarissaGreece
- Department of NeurologyMedical School, University of CyprusNicosiaCyprus
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of NeurogeneticsUniversity of Thessaly, University Hospital of LarissaLarissaGreece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
- Center of Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational ResearchBiomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Athina Maria Simitsi
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino FoundationPaviaItaly
| | - Simona Petrucci
- UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell DiagnosticsS. Andrea University HospitalRomeItaly
- Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | | | - Anna Zecchinelli
- Parkinson Institute, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTOMilanItaly
| | - Gianni Pezzoli
- Parkinson Institute, Fontazione Grigioni–Via ZurettiMilanItaly
| | - Laura Brighina
- Department of NeurologySan Gerardo HospitalMonzaItaly
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of Milano BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Carlo Ferrarese
- Department of NeurologySan Gerardo HospitalMonzaItaly
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of Milano BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Grazia Annesi
- Institute for Biomedical Research and InnovationNational Research CouncilCosenzaItaly
| | - Andrea Quattrone
- Institute of Neurology, Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesMagna Graecia University of CatanzaroCatanzaroItaly
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Neuroscience Research CenterMagna Graecia UniversityCatanzaroItaly
| | - Monica Gagliardi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Neuroscience Research CenterMagna Graecia UniversityCatanzaroItaly
| | - Hirotaka Matsuo
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio‐Nano MedicineNational Defense Medical CollegeSaitamaJapan
| | - Akiyoshi Nakayama
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio‐Nano MedicineNational Defense Medical CollegeSaitamaJapan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of NeurologyJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Kenya Nishioka
- Department of NeurologyJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Sun Ju Chung
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Yun Joong Kim
- Department of NeurologyYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Pierre Kolber
- Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de LuxembourgLuxembourgLuxembourg
| | - Bart P.C. van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical CentreDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan R. Bloem
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical CentreDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Jan Aasly
- Department of NeurologySt. Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Mathias Toft
- Department of NeurologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | | | - Leonor Correia Guedes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology, Hospital de Santa MariaCentro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN)LisbonPortugal
| | - Joaquim J. Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology, Hospital de Santa MariaCentro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN)LisbonPortugal
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Soraya Bardien
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Jonathan Carr
- Division of Neurology, Department of MedicineFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018‐ISCIII)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Mario Ezquerra
- Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de NeurociènciesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital Germans Trias i PujolBarcelonaSpain
| | - Monica Diez‐Fairen
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua TerrassaBarcelonaSpain
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of NeurologyHospital Universitari Mutua de TerrassaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Karin Wirdefeldt
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Nancy Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Caroline Ran
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Andrea C. Belin
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Andreas Puschmann
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, NeurologyLundSweden
| | - Emil Ygland Rödström
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, NeurologyLundSweden
| | - Carl E. Clarke
- University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS TrustBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Karen E. Morrison
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life SciencesQueens UniversityBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Manuela Tan
- Department of NeurologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of NeurologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Lena F. Burbulla
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesTübingenGermany
- Department of NeurologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Faculty of MedicineLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
| | - Matt J. Farrer
- Department of NeurologyMcKnight Brain Institute, University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Rejko Kruger
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐BelvalLuxembourg
- NeurologyCentre Hospitalier de LuxembourgLuxembourgLuxembourg
- Parkinson's Research ClinicCentre Hospitalier de LuxembourgLuxembourgLuxembourg
- Transversal Translational MedicineLuxembourg Institute of HealthStrassenLuxembourg
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TubingenTübingenGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesTübingenGermany
| | - Manu Sharma
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied BiometryUniversity of TubingenTübingenGermany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TubingenTübingenGermany
| | | | - Thérèse Truong
- Université Paris‐Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Team “Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health”, CESPVillejuifFrance
| | - Alexis Elbaz
- Université Paris‐Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Team “Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health”, CESPVillejuifFrance
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang X, Guarin D, Mohammadzadehhonarvar N, Chen X, Gao X. Parkinson's disease and cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of over 17 million participants. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046329. [PMID: 34215604 PMCID: PMC8256737 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review and qualitatively evaluate epidemiological evidence on associations between Parkinson's disease (PD) and cancer via meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE, until March 2021. STUDY SELECTION Included were publications that (1) were original epidemiological studies on PD and cancer; (2) reported risk estimates; (3) were in English. Exclusion criteria included: (1) review/comments; (2) biological studies; (3) case report/autopsy studies; (4) irrelevant exposure/outcome; (5) treated cases; (6) no measure of risk estimates; (7) no confidence intervals/exact p values and (8) duplicates. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines were followed in data extraction. Two-step screening was performed by two authors blinded to each other. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled relative risk (RR). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES We included publications that assessed the risk of PD in individuals with vs without cancer and the risk of cancer in individuals with vs without PD. RESULTS A total of 63 studies and 17 994 584 participants were included. Meta-analysis generated a pooled RR of 0.82 (n=33; 95% CI 0.76 to 0.88; p<0.001) for association between PD and total cancer, 0.76 (n=21; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.85; p<0.001) for PD and smoking-related cancer and 0.92 (n=19; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.99; p=0.03) for non-smoking-related cancer. PD was associated with an increased risk of melanoma (n=29; pooled RR=1.75; 95% CI 1.43 to 2.14; p<0.001) but not for other skin cancers (n=17; pooled RR=0.90; 95% CI 0.60 to 1.34; p=0.60). CONCLUSIONS PD and total cancer were inversely associated. This inverse association persisted for both smoking-related and non-smoking-related cancers. PD was positively associated with melanoma. These results provide evidence for further investigations for possible mechanistic associations between PD and cancer. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020162103.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhang
- Nutritional Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Guarin
- Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Xiqun Chen
- Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- Nutritional Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Focus on the Complex Interconnection between Cancer, Narcolepsy and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Possible Case of Orexin-Dependent Inverse Comorbidity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112612. [PMID: 34073579 PMCID: PMC8198883 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This narrative review first describes from several points of view the complex interrelationship between cancer and neurodegeneration, with special attention to the mechanisms that might underlie an inverse relationship between them. In particular, the mechanisms that might induce an imbalance between cell apoptotic and proliferative stimuli are discussed. Second, the review summarizes findings on orexins and their involvement in narcolepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer, starting from epidemiological data then addressing laboratory findings, animal models, and human clinical observational and interventional investigations. Important research efforts are warranted on these topics, as they might lead to novel therapeutic approaches to both neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Abstract Conditions such as Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s diseases (PD) are less prevalent in cancer survivors and, overall, cancer is less prevalent in subjects with these neurodegenerative disorders. This seems to suggest that a propensity towards one type of disease may decrease the risk of the other. In addition to epidemiologic data, there is also evidence of a complex biological interconnection, with genes, proteins, and pathways often showing opposite dysregulation in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this narrative review, we focus on the possible role played by orexin signaling, which is altered in patients with narcolepsy type 1 and in those with AD and PD, and which has been linked to β-amyloid brain levels and inflammation in mouse models and to cancer in cell lines. Taken together, these lines of evidence depict a possible case of inverse comorbidity between cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, with a role played by orexins. These considerations suggest a therapeutic potential of orexin modulation in diverse pathologies such as narcolepsy, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer.
Collapse
|
8
|
Petersen JM, Ranker LR, Barnard-Mayers R, MacLehose RF, Fox MP. A systematic review of quantitative bias analysis applied to epidemiological research. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:1708-1730. [PMID: 33880532 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative bias analysis (QBA) measures study errors in terms of direction, magnitude and uncertainty. This systematic review aimed to describe how QBA has been applied in epidemiological research in 2006-19. METHODS We searched PubMed for English peer-reviewed studies applying QBA to real-data applications. We also included studies citing selected sources or which were identified in a previous QBA review in pharmacoepidemiology. For each study, we extracted the rationale, methodology, bias-adjusted results and interpretation and assessed factors associated with reproducibility. RESULTS Of the 238 studies, the majority were embedded within papers whose main inferences were drawn from conventional approaches as secondary (sensitivity) analyses to quantity-specific biases (52%) or to assess the extent of bias required to shift the point estimate to the null (25%); 10% were standalone papers. The most common approach was probabilistic (57%). Misclassification was modelled in 57%, uncontrolled confounder(s) in 40% and selection bias in 17%. Most did not consider multiple biases or correlations between errors. When specified, bias parameters came from the literature (48%) more often than internal validation studies (29%). The majority (60%) of analyses resulted in >10% change from the conventional point estimate; however, most investigators (63%) did not alter their original interpretation. Degree of reproducibility related to inclusion of code, formulas, sensitivity analyses and supplementary materials, as well as the QBA rationale. CONCLUSIONS QBA applications were rare though increased over time. Future investigators should reference good practices and include details to promote transparency and to serve as a reference for other researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Petersen
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynsie R Ranker
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruby Barnard-Mayers
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard F MacLehose
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matthew P Fox
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Senkevich K, Bandres-Ciga S, Yu E, Liyanage UE, Noyce AJ, Gan-Or Z. No Evidence for a Causal Relationship Between Cancers and Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 11:801-809. [PMID: 33646179 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data suggest that cancer patients have a reduced risk of subsequent Parkinson's disease (PD) development, but the prevalence of PD in melanoma patients is often reported to be increased. Causal relationships between cancers and PD have not been fully explored. OBJECTIVE To study causal relationship between different cancers and PD. METHODS We used GWAS summary statistics of 15 different types of cancers and two-sample Mendelian randomization to study the causal relationship with PD. RESULTS There was no evidence to support a causal relationship between the studied cancers and PD. We also performed reverse analyses between PD and cancers with available full summary statistics (melanoma, breast, prostate, endometrial and keratinocyte cancers) and did not find evidence of causal relationship. CONCLUSION We found no evidence to support a causal relationship between cancers and PD and the previously reported associations could be a result of genetic pleiotropy, shared biology or biases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Senkevich
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric Yu
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Upekha E Liyanage
- Cancer and Population Studies group, Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Alastair J Noyce
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Turkiewicz A, Nilsson PM, Kiadaliri A. Probabilistic Quantification of Bias to Combine the Strengths of Population-Based Register Data and Clinical Cohorts-Studying Mortality in Osteoarthritis. Am J Epidemiol 2020; 189:1590-1599. [PMID: 32639513 PMCID: PMC7705601 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose combining population-based register data with a nested clinical cohort to correct misclassification and unmeasured confounding through probabilistic quantification of bias. We have illustrated this approach by estimating the association between knee osteoarthritis and mortality. We used the Swedish Population Register to include all persons resident in the Skåne region in 2008 and assessed whether they had osteoarthritis using data from the Skåne Healthcare Register. We studied mortality through year 2017 by estimating hazard ratios. We used data from the Malmö Osteoarthritis Study (MOA), a small cohort study from Skåne, to derive bias parameters for probabilistic quantification of bias, to correct the hazard ratio estimate for differential misclassification of the knee osteoarthritis diagnosis and confounding from unmeasured obesity. We included 292,000 persons in the Skåne population and 1,419 from the MOA study. The adjusted association of knee osteoarthritis with all-cause mortality in the MOA sample had a hazard ratio of 1.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80, 1.52) and was thus inconclusive. The naive association in the Skåne population had a hazard ratio of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93, 0.98), while the bias-corrected estimate was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.59, 1.52), suggesting high uncertainty in bias correction. Combining population-based register data with clinical cohorts provides more information than using either data source separately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Turkiewicz
- Correspondence to Dr. Aleksandra Turkiewicz, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Orthopedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, Remissgatan 4, 221 85 Lund, Sweden (e-mail: )
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Niemann N, Billnitzer A, Jankovic J. Parkinson's disease and skin. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 82:61-76. [PMID: 33248395 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is associated with a variety of dermatologic disorders and the study of skin may provide insights into pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this common neurodegenerative disorder. Skin disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease can be divided into two major groups: 1) non-iatrogenic disorders, including melanoma, seborrheic dermatitis, sweating disorders, bullous pemphigoid, and rosacea, and 2) iatrogenic disorders related either to systemic side effects of antiparkinsonian medications or to the delivery system of antiparkinsonian therapy, including primarily carbidopa/levodopa, rotigotine and other dopamine agonists, amantadine, catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitors, subcutaneous apomorphine, levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel, and deep brain stimulation. Recent advances in our understanding of the role of α-synuclein in peripheral tissues, including the skin, and research based on induced pluripotent stem cells derived from skin fibroblasts have made skin an important target for the study of Parkinson's disease pathogenesis, drug discovery, novel stem cell therapies, and diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicki Niemann
- Muhammad Ali Parkinson Center, Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Andrew Billnitzer
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sturchio A, Dwivedi AK, Vizcarra JA, Chirra M, Keeling EG, Mata IF, Kauffman MA, Pandey MK, Roviello G, Comi C, Versino M, Marsili L, Espay AJ. Genetic parkinsonisms and cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Neurosci 2020; 32:159-167. [PMID: 33151182 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genes associated with parkinsonism may also be implicated in carcinogenesis, but their interplay remains unclear. We systematically reviewed studies (PubMed 1967-2019) reporting gene variants associated with both parkinsonism and cancer. Somatic variants were examined in cancer samples, whereas germline variants were examined in cancer patients with both symptomatic and asymptomatic (carriers) genetic parkinsonisms. Pooled proportions were calculated with random-effects meta-analyses. Out of 9,967 eligible articles, 60 were included. Of the 28 genetic variants associated with parkinsonism, six were also associated with cancer. In cancer samples, SNCA was predominantly associated with gastrointestinal cancers, UCHL1 with breast cancer, and PRKN with head-and-neck cancers. In asymptomatic carriers, LRRK2 was predominantly associated with gastrointestinal and prostate cancers, PRKN with prostate and genitourinary tract cancers, GBA with sarcoma, and 22q11.2 deletion with leukemia. In symptomatic genetic parkinsonism, LRRK2 was associated with nonmelanoma skin cancers and breast cancers, and PRKN with head-and-neck cancers. Cancer was more often manifested in genetic parkinsonisms compared to asymptomatic carriers. These results suggest that intraindividual genetic contributions may modify the co-occurrence of cancer and neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sturchio
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, 260 Stetson St., Cincinnati, OH45219, USA
| | - Alok K Dwivedi
- Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Joaquin A Vizcarra
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, 260 Stetson St., Cincinnati, OH45219, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martina Chirra
- Department of Oncology, Medical Oncology Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elizabeth G Keeling
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, 260 Stetson St., Cincinnati, OH45219, USA
| | - Ignacio F Mata
- Lerner Research Institute, Genomic Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marcelo A Kauffman
- Consultorio y Laboratorio de Neurogenética, Centro Universitario de Neurología José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manoj K Pandey
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Cristoforo Comi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Interdisciplinary Research Centre of Autoimmune Diseases, Movement Disorders Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Luca Marsili
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, 260 Stetson St., Cincinnati, OH45219, USA
| | - Alberto J Espay
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, 260 Stetson St., Cincinnati, OH45219, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mahajan A, Chirra M, Dwivedi AK, Sturchio A, Keeling EG, Marsili L, Espay AJ. Skin Cancer May Delay Onset but Not Progression of Parkinson's Disease: A Nested Case-Control Study. Front Neurol 2020; 11:406. [PMID: 32547471 PMCID: PMC7270344 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the extent to which cancer, a biological opposite to neurodegenerative disorders, may affect the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: A nested case-control design in consecutive PD patients with (cases) vs. without (controls) cancer was used to compare time to clinical diagnosis and time to Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) staging score ≥ 3 as a measure of progression. Further, we compared PD onset and progression between cases with cancer diagnosis before (cancer before PD group) and after (cancer after PD group) PD onset. Independent variables were age at PD onset, motor subscale of the Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, sex, cognitive impairment, falls, depression, anxiety, dementia, and autonomic symptoms. Time to H&Y ≥ 3 was determined using Cox proportional hazards, with adjusted results summarized as hazards ratio (HR). Group differences were evaluated using unpaired t-test or Fisher's exact test. Results: The clinical PD onset was later in cases vs. controls (median 67.2 vs. 59.8 years; p < 0.001), but the adjusted time to H&Y ≥ 3 was similar between groups (HR = 0.67; p = 0.13). Skin cancers constituted 75% of all cancers in cases. Amongst skin cancers, compared to controls, cases had an older age at PD onset (67.8 vs. 59.8 years; p < 0.001). There was no difference in risk of progression in PD patients with skin cancer compared to controls (HR = 0.54, p = 0.09). Conclusions: Cancer, in particular of the skin, may delay the onset but not the progression of PD. Future prospective observational studies are warranted to elucidate the complex interactions between these biologically divergent disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanyu Mahajan
- Department of Neurology, James J. and Joan A. Gardner Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Martina Chirra
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Alok K Dwivedi
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Andrea Sturchio
- Department of Neurology, James J. and Joan A. Gardner Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Elizabeth G Keeling
- Department of Neurology, James J. and Joan A. Gardner Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Luca Marsili
- Department of Neurology, James J. and Joan A. Gardner Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Alberto J Espay
- Department of Neurology, James J. and Joan A. Gardner Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kawada T. Parkinson's disease and cancer incidence: A risk assessment. J Neurol Sci 2020; 412:116761. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
15
|
Ye Q, Wen Y, Al-Kuwari N, Chen X. Association Between Parkinson's Disease and Melanoma: Putting the Pieces Together. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:60. [PMID: 32210791 PMCID: PMC7076116 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) generally have reduced risk of developing many types of cancers, except melanoma—a malignant tumor of melanin-producing cells in the skin. For decades, a large number of epidemiological studies have reported that the occurrence of melanoma is higher than expected among subjects with PD, and the occurrence of PD is reciprocally higher than expected among patients with melanoma. More recent epidemiological studies further indicated a bidirectional association, not only in the patients themselves but also in their relatives. This association between PD and melanoma offers a unique opportunity to understand PD. Here, we summarize epidemiological, clinical, and biological evidence in regard to shared risk factors and possible underlying mechanisms for these two seemingly distinct conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ya Wen
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Ietheory Institute, Burlington, MA, United States
| | - Nasser Al-Kuwari
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiqun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|