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Koç HA, Önal BS. Relationship between acne vulgaris and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adolescent: A cross-sectional study. J Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 39212308 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
High androgen hormone exposure in intrauterine life is held to be responsible for the etiopathogenesis of both acne vulgaris (AV) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of ADHD in AV patients. Patients between the ages of 12 and 17, diagnosed with AV and a control group were included in the study. The Conners-Wells Adolescent Self-Report Scale-Long Form (CASS-L) was applied to both groups to determine the severity of the ADHD. Ninety-eight patients diagnosed with AV and 96 healthy controls participated in the study. All parameters of the CASS-L were found to be significantly higher in AV patients compared to the control group. In addition, with the severity of the Global Acne Grading System, a positive low level among conduct problems (r = 0.223), cognitive problems (r = 0.271), ADHD index (r = 0.238), inattention (r = 0.238), and a positive moderate level among hyperactivity (r = 0.349), hyperactivity-impulsivity (r = 0.414), and total score (r = 0.429). According to our results, patients diagnosed with AV were more prone to ADHD than the control group. Our study showed that adolescent patients diagnosed with AV were more prone to ADHD than people of similar age and gender without a diagnosis of AV. It should be noted that AV is not only a dermatological disease but may also be accompanied by psychiatric morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huriye Aybüke Koç
- Department of Dermatology, Prof. Dr. A. İlhan Özdemir State Hospital, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Bedia Sultan Önal
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
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2
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Mohammed Lotfy AM, Anwar MM, Nadi AB, Ahmed GS. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding self-medication for acne among medical students in Beni-Suef University. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2024; 36:367-371. [PMID: 38728599 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2024-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate medical students' knowledge, attitudes, and self-medication practices for acne vulgaris. METHODS An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at Beni-Suef University's Faculty of Medicine from January 2023 to June 2023. A pre-structured questionnaire was used for the study. RESULTS A total of 297 students (85.1 %) used self-medications for acne without a prescription. The total knowledge score of self-medication among the study participants was 3.81 ± 2.23. About 71.4 % knew about precautions, and 72.7 % of the participants reported that self-medication is part of self-care. There was a statistical significance between the total mean knowledge score and age (p=0.007), gender (p=0.013), and academic year (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS A significant portion of students self-medicate about acne. The total knowledge score of self-medication was to some extent not relatively high. Educational programs can be developed to increase medical students' awareness of the risks and benefits of self-medication, information on appropriate use of medications, and when to seek medical attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manal Mohamed Anwar
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef City, Egypt
| | - Aya Badawi Nadi
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef City, Egypt
| | - Gehad S Ahmed
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef City, Egypt
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Liu YT, Wang YW, Tu C, Ren JW, Huo J, Nan XJ, Dou JH, Peng ZH, Zeng WH. Recommendations for managing adult acne and adolescent acne based on an epidemiological study conducted in China. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16327. [PMID: 39009634 PMCID: PMC11251184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
There are numerous differences between adult acne and adolescent acne in terms of causes, distribution, and characteristics of skin lesions, as well as treatment. This paper aims to summarize the differences between adult and adolescent acne in China, in order to propose more suitable ways to improve their quality of life. We collected basic information, acne-related information, acne-affecting factors, quality of life scores and treatment-related information of acne patients. A total of 552 questionnaires were collected. Adult acne is typically predominant on the cheeks, similar to adolescent acne, with a relatively lower incidence in other areas, apart from the jawline. Pigmentation and depressed scars are present in nearly half of acne patients, while hypertrophic scars are less frequently observed. Teenagers often have a higher consumption of dairy products, sugary drinks, and high-sugar and high-fat foods. Eczema is more common in adult acne. Additionally, more adults than teenagers experience stress and poor quality of life related to acne. Adolescents are more likely to seek treatment online and on social media. Clinicians must thoroughly evaluate diverse risk factors and formulate personalized acne management strategies for patients with different types of acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ting Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ya-Wen Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Tu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian-Wen Ren
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Huo
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Nan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia-Hao Dou
- Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zi-He Peng
- Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei-Hui Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
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Ryguła I, Pikiewicz W, Kaminiów K. Impact of Diet and Nutrition in Patients with Acne Vulgaris. Nutrients 2024; 16:1476. [PMID: 38794714 PMCID: PMC11124289 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a widespread a chronic inflammatory dermatosis that affects millions of people around the world, which has a significant influence on patients' standard of living. The progression of this dermatosis results in the appearance of inflammatory and non-inflammatory changes, and, in severe cases, disfiguring scars and hyperpigmentation. The aetiopathogenesis of acne is complex. It involves a complex interaction of many different factors, both endo- and exogenous in their effect on the hair and sebaceous unit. Genetic predisposition, hormones, the skin and gut microbiome, psychological stress, air pollutants, aggressive facial products, and certain medications are cited as factors influencing acne formation. The link between nutrition and acne is extensively debated for many years and is still relatively controversial. Diet is commonly recognised to have a direct relationship with certain biochemical markers and the transcription of genes related to sebaceous gland function, and the proliferation of bacteria and inflammation that encourage the progression of the disease. In this review, the authors take a closer look at the existing scientific reports on the involvement of nutrition in the development of acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Ryguła
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Pikiewicz
- Collegium Medicum—Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, 41-300 Dabrowa Gornicza, Poland;
| | - Konrad Kaminiów
- Collegium Medicum—Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, 41-300 Dabrowa Gornicza, Poland;
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V M, Murugan P S. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections With and Without Microneedling for Managing Atrophic Facial Acne Scars: A Prospective Comparative Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e60957. [PMID: 38916005 PMCID: PMC11194131 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aim The majority of acne has the potential to transform into facial scars, which have a physical and psychological effect on the individual. There are plenty of treatment options to manage such scars. The aim of this study is to assess the comparative effect of the injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) alone, with that of the injection of PRP with microneedling, in the reduction of atrophic facial acne scars. Methods A total of 30 participants were included in this study, divided into two groups (n = 15). Patients in Group I received intradermal injection of PRP only, and Group II included patients receiving intradermal injection of PRP with microneedling. The scar appearance was evaluated at baseline, after one, two, and three months using Goodman Baron's scar scale. The statistics were analysed using the Chi-square and Student's t-tests. Results Patients in the PRP with microneedling group had lower acne scar scores on the Goodman Baron scale compared to those who received only PRP. The acne scores were statistically significant (p-value < 0.05) in the second and third months of treatment in Group II. Conclusion The addition of microneedling to PRP has proven to be effective in the reduction of facial acne scars. However, different types of scars require different modalities of treatment, and the final decision lies in the hands of the operator and the requirements of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manishaa V
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Senthil Murugan P
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Zujko-Kowalska K, Jankowska B, Zujko ME. The Antioxidant Power of a Diet May Improve the Quality of Life of Young Women with Acne Vulgaris. Nutrients 2024; 16:1270. [PMID: 38732517 PMCID: PMC11085447 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris (AV) significantly reduces the quality of life (QoL) of young people, so it is important to look for factors that can improve their QoL. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between dietary antioxidants measured using the new DAQI index and QoL measured using standardized tests. The DAQI included the following elements: antioxidant vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, polyphenols, phytosterols, lignans, and the total antioxidant capacity of the diet. The study involved 165 young women with AV, mainly students. A self-report survey was used to collect basic data on their sociodemographic status, anthropometric information, and lifestyle. The energy value of the diet and the content of vitamins, minerals, and carotenoids with antioxidant activity in the diet were estimated using 3-day food diaries and the Diet 6.0 program. The antioxidant potential of the diet and the content of polyphenols, phytosterols, lignans, and selenium were calculated based on the consumption of individual food products and available databases. The results of this study showed that the QoL of the young women with AV was impaired. However, greater adherence to an antioxidant diet reduces the risk of AV impact on the QoL by approximately 30-32% and the risk of depression by 33%. The DAQI may be used as a new indicator of diet quality in acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Zujko-Kowalska
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine with Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Beata Jankowska
- Department of Cosmetology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Łomża, Akademicka 14, 18-400 Łomża, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Elżbieta Zujko
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Białystok, Poland
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7
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Raut S, Azheruddin M, Kumar R, Singh S, Giram PS, Datta D. Lecithin Organogel: A Promising Carrier for the Treatment of Skin Diseases. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9865-9885. [PMID: 38463343 PMCID: PMC10918684 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body, as it protects the body from the external environment. Nowadays, skin diseases and skin problems are more common, and millions of people are affected daily. Skin diseases are due to numerous infectious pathogens or inflammatory conditions. The increasing demand for theoretical research and practical applications has led to the rising prominence of gel as a semisolid material. To this end, organogels has been widely explored due to their unique composition, which includes organic solvents and mineral or vegetable oils, among others. Organogels can be described as semisolid systems wherein an organic liquid phase is confined within a three-dimensional framework consisting of self-assembled, cross-linked, or entangled gelator fibers. These gels have the ability to undergo significant expansion and retain substantial amounts of the liquid phase, reaching up to 99% swelling capacity. Furthermore, they respond to a range of physical and chemical stimuli, including temperature, light, pH, and mechanical deformation. Notably, due to their distinctive properties, they have aroused significant interest in a variety of practical applications. Organogels favor the significant encapsulation and enhanced permeation of hydrophobic molecules when compared with hydrogels. Accordingly, organogels are characterized into lecithin organogels, pluronic lecithin organogels, sorbitan monostearate-based organogels, and eudragit organogels, among others, based on the nature of their network and the solvent system. Lecithin organogels contain lecithin (natural and safe as a living cell component) as an organogelator. It acts as a good penetration enhancer. In this review, first we have summarized the fundamental concepts related to the elemental structure of organogels, including their various forms, distinctive features, methods of manufacture, and diverse applications. Nonetheless, this review also sheds light on the delivery of therapeutic molecules entrapped in the lecithin organogel system into deep tissue for the management of skin diseases and provides a synopsis of their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Raut
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Dr. DY Patil Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India
| | - Mohammed Azheruddin
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Dr. DY Patil Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Lloyd
Institute of Management and Technology, Plot No. 11, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Shivani Singh
- Lloyd
Institute of Management and Technology, Plot No. 11, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Prabhanjan S. Giram
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Dr. DY Patil Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at
Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Deepanjan Datta
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
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Khormi G, Aldubayyan N, Hakami M, Daghriri S, Aqeel S. Impact of Lifestyle and Dietary Habits on the Prevalence of Acne Vulgaris: A Cross-Sectional Study From Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2024; 16:e57200. [PMID: 38681286 PMCID: PMC11056197 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Acne vulgaris is a prevalent dermatological condition worldwide, with its impact significantly influenced by various genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Despite its global prevalence, data on acne's prevalence and risk factors in Saudi Arabia remain sparse. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the prevalence of acne vulgaris and identifying associated lifestyle and environmental risk factors within the Saudi population. Methodology Employing a cross-sectional survey-based design, this study collected data from a representative sample of the Saudi population aged 18 years and older. Participants were selected through stratified random sampling and completed a self-administered online questionnaire covering demographic information, lifestyle factors, and acne history. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression, were utilized to identify significant risk factors associated with acne vulgaris. Results The survey, completed by 1,983 participants, revealed a diverse age distribution with a slight predominance of the 21-25-year age group (32.5%). Gender distribution was nearly balanced (52% female, 48% male), and the majority were single (67.3%). Lifestyle assessments indicated varied water intake, with a significant portion consuming less than 1-2 L per day. Sleep duration for most fell within the 5-7 hours range. Fast food consumption was frequent among 24% of respondents, and physical activity levels showed 40% of participants exercised minimally. Notably, 72% reported a history of acne, predominantly beginning between ages 16 and 20. Acne was mainly mild to moderate in severity and primarily affected the face. Treatment was sought by 60%, with a preference for topical solutions. Awareness around acne causes was moderate, with a high consensus on the impact of stress and diet on acne development. Conclusions Acne vulgaris in Saudi Arabia is significantly associated with various modifiable lifestyle factors, suggesting that interventions focusing on lifestyle modifications may be effective in managing and preventing acne. This study advocates for the integration of lifestyle counseling into acne treatment protocols, offering a holistic approach to managing this pervasive condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sultan Aqeel
- Dermatology, King Fahd Central Hospital, Jazan, SAU
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Liu L, Chen J. Advances in Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption and Skin Diseases. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:3785-3791. [PMID: 38169933 PMCID: PMC10759914 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s443128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Throughout history, alcohol consumption has been an integral part of human culture. Alcohol consumption, alcoholism in particular, influences the onset and progression of liver diseases, neurological disorders, and multiple types of cancer. However, the role of alcohol consumption in influencing skin diseases has often been overlooked. In this review, we present the progress of research investigating the effects and potential mechanisms of action of alcohol consumption on acne, rosacea, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, melanoma, and non-melanoma skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Tasneem T, Begum A, Chowdhury MRK, Rahman S, Macassa G, Manzoor J, Rashid M. Effects of acne severity and acne-related quality of life on depressive symptoms among adolescents and young adults: a cross-sectional study in Bangladesh. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1153101. [PMID: 37554134 PMCID: PMC10405733 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1153101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression is a common mental health disorder and one of the major causes of disability. This study aimed at investigating the relationship of acne severity and acne-related quality of life with depressive symptoms, and the mediating effect of acne-related quality of life in a relationship between acne severity and depressive symptoms. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from acne patients attending a tertiary-level hospital, using a questionnaire that comprised three validated instruments - Investigator's Global Assessment (a single item) scale, Cardiff Acne Disability Index, and Beck Depression Inventory for measuring acne severity, acne-related quality of life, and depressive symptoms, respectively. Logistic regression and linear regression were used to examine the association between acne severity and depressive symptoms and a correlation between the acne-related quality of life and depressive symptoms, respectively. A mediation analysis was also performed to see the mediation effects of acne-related quality of life in a relationship between acne severity and depressive symptoms. RESULTS A total of 185 acne patients (155 females, 83.8%) with a mean age was 22.55 ± 8.67 years were included in the study. Adolescents and young adults with severe and moderate acne had 6.14-and 2.28 times higher odds of depression compared to their peers with mild acne, respectively. Patients with low levels of acne-related quality of life had a higher level of depressive symptoms (β = 0.42, p < 0.001). The total effect (direct + indirect) was also significant (β = 0.27, 95% CI: 1.29-4.09), implying the effect of acne severity on depression. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that acne severity and acne-related quality of life were associated with depressive symptoms among patients with acne vulgaris. The study also indicates that the relationship between acne severity and depressive symptoms might occur through a chain-mediating effect of acne disability in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takfi Tasneem
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research (ICDDR, B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Afroza Begum
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rocky Khan Chowdhury
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Syed Rahman
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gloria Macassa
- Department of Public Health and Sports Science, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Jasmin Manzoor
- Department of Dermatology, Evercare Hospital Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Department of Public Health and Sports Science, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
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Ibrahim S, Osman B, Awaad RM, Abdoon I. Acne Vulgaris Relapse in Sudanese Patients Treated with Oral Isotretinoin: Rate and Predictive Factors. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:839-849. [PMID: 37020969 PMCID: PMC10069433 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s405509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Acne vulgaris is a skin disorder primarily affecting teenagers and young adults. Acne relapse is the main drawback of oral isotretinoin (OI), which is the golden therapy for severe acne. This study aimed to assess the rate and predictive factors of acne relapse among Sudanese patients using OI. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in a dermatology and venereology clinic-Sudan, using a self-administered questionnaire and data collection sheet. Patients using OI for acne treatment were enrolled in the study. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the association between variables. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results 225 acne patients (mean age: 26.0±4.2 years, females: 88.9%) were included in this study. OI daily dose ranged from 0.25 to 1 mg/kg/day, with frequent daily doses of 40-49 mg (57.3%) over 3-6 months (81.8%). Around one-third of patients (36%) received maintenance therapy after completion of OI course. At a 2-year follow-up, approximately 36% of patients experienced acne relapse that commonly occurred within 6-18 months after the last OI therapy. Early discontinuation of OI was a positive predictor of acne relapse which was 3.99 times greater in patients who had early discontinued OI than those completing the planned OI course (OR=3.99; p=0.002). OI cumulative doses of 120-139 mg/kg and 140-159 mg/kg were negative predictors of acne relapse (OR=0.23; p=0.001 and OR=0.15; p=0.02, respectively). Most patients (94.2%) received prescription OI, and 76.4% of women were advised to use contraceptives. About 69% of patients practiced skin care. Conclusion About one-third of patients experienced acne relapse. Early discontinuation and low cumulative doses of OI are the main risk factors for acne relapse. Long-term therapy of OI, with cumulative doses of 120-159 mg/kg, would be beneficial to reduce acne relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Ibrahim
- Clinical Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Bashier Osman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Reela M Awaad
- Dermatology Department, Awaad Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Iman Abdoon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
- Correspondence: Iman Abdoon, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Qassr Street, Khartoum, Sudan, Email
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Affiliation(s)
- James Meixiong
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cristina Ricco
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Chirag Vasavda
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Byron K. Ho
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Correspondence to: Byron K. Ho, MD, Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline Street, JHOC 8072, Baltimore, MD 21287.
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Say YH, Sio YY, Heng AHS, Ng YT, Matta SA, Pang SL, Teh KF, Wong YR, Rawanan Shah SM, Reginald K, Chew FT. Golgin A7 Family Member B (GOLGA7B) is a plausible novel gene associating high glycaemic index diet with acne vulgaris. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1208-1219. [PMID: 35416335 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While the IGF1/FoxO1/mTORC1 signalling pathway is a well-established nutrigenomic link between high glycaemic index (GI)/glycaemic load (GL) diet and acne vulgaris, other signalling pathways remain elusive. Therefore, we aimed to investigate other genes that are involved in the high GI/GL diet-acne link, using our Singapore/Malaysia population epidemiological, genomics and transcriptomics data. High GI/GL dietary habit of 3,207 acne cases (1,869 and 1,341 further classified into severity and scarring grades, respectively) and 2,521 controls were evaluated based on Quality of Diet based on Glycaemic Index Score (QDGIS). Overlapping concordant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between acne case-controls and QDGIS poor-moderate/good classes were identified from whole-transcriptome sequencing data of PBMC of a subset of participants. Finally, we assessed the expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the concordant DEGs. Daily intake of fruits significantly reduced the risk of acne presentation, severity and scarring by up to 48.5%. Those with good QDGIS had significantly lower risk of mild and moderate/severe acne, and grade 1/2 acne scarring. Sequential filtering identified four overlapping concordant DEGs that were significantly associated with acne and QDGIS, namely GOLGA7B, SNCB, LOC102723849 and LOC283683. Combining transcriptome and genetic association data, we identified intronic SNP rs1953947 in GOLGA7B as an eQTL for acne. In conclusion, we identified GOLGA7B as a plausible novel gene that links high GI/GL with acne, and hence propose a model for the involvement of Golga7b in high GI/GL diet-acne pathogenesis, which includes palmitoyl acyltransferase zDHHC5, fatty acid translocase CD36 and palmitic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-How Say
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Yie Sio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna Hwee Sing Heng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Ting Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sri Anusha Matta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sze Lei Pang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keng Foo Teh
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Malaysia
| | - Yi Ru Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Malaysia
| | - Smyrna Moti Rawanan Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Malaysia
| | - Kavita Reginald
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Malaysia
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Leung AK, Barankin B, Lam JM, Leong KF, Hon KL. Dermatology: how to manage acne vulgaris. Drugs Context 2021; 10:dic-2021-8-6. [PMID: 34691199 PMCID: PMC8510514 DOI: 10.7573/dic.2021-8-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disease that can lead to disfigurement and psychological distress. This article aims to provide a narrative updated review on the management of acne vulgaris. Methods A PubMed search was performed with Clinical Queries using the key term “acne”. The search strategy included clinical trials, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, observational studies and reviews. The search was restricted to articles published in English. Results Treatments of acne include proper skin care, topical medications, oral medications and procedural therapies. Topical agents are the first-line treatment for mild-to-moderate acne and can be used as combination therapy for more severe acne. Systemic therapies are usually prescribed for the initial treatment of moderate-to-severe acne as well as for acne that is refractory to topical therapies. Conclusion Topical retinoids are the drugs of choice for the treatment and maintenance therapy of patients with mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris. Depending on the severity of the acne, topical retinoids may be used alone or in combination with benzoyl peroxide and topical or oral antibiotics. Oral antibiotics are an important therapy for inflammatory acne unresponsive to topical therapy. Neither topical nor oral antibiotics should be used as monotherapy. Oral contraceptives and/or spironolactone are useful for many women with acne. Oral isotretinoin is the drug of choice for severe, extensive, nodular acne vulgaris but is also often used in moderate cases where scarring is evident, acne-related psychosocial distress is significant or other treatment modalities have failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kc Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary, and The Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Joseph M Lam
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kin Fon Leong
- Pediatric Institute, Kuala Lumpur General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kam Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong
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