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Dziedzic A, Maciak K, Miller ED, Starosta M, Saluk J. Targeting Vascular Impairment, Neuroinflammation, and Oxidative Stress Dynamics with Whole-Body Cryotherapy in Multiple Sclerosis Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3858. [PMID: 38612668 PMCID: PMC11011409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), traditionally perceived as a neurodegenerative disease, exhibits significant vascular alternations, including blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, which may predispose patients to increased cardiovascular risks. This vascular dysfunction is intricately linked with the infiltration of immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS), which plays a significant role in perpetuating neuroinflammation. Additionally, oxidative stress serves not only as a byproduct of inflammatory processes but also as an active contributor to neural damage. The synthesis of these multifaceted aspects highlights the importance of understanding their cumulative impact on MS progression. This review reveals that the triad of vascular damage, chronic inflammation, and oxidative imbalance may be considered interdependent processes that exacerbate each other, underscoring the need for holistic and multi-targeted therapeutic approaches in MS management. There is a necessity for reevaluating MS treatment strategies to encompass these overlapping pathologies, offering insights for future research and potential therapeutic interventions. Whole-body cryotherapy (WBCT) emerges as one of the potential avenues for holistic MS management approaches which may alleviate the triad of MS progression factors in multiple ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Dziedzic
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (K.M.)
| | - Karina Maciak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (K.M.)
| | - Elżbieta Dorota Miller
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Milionowa 14, 93-113 Lodz, Poland; (E.D.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Michał Starosta
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Milionowa 14, 93-113 Lodz, Poland; (E.D.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Joanna Saluk
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (K.M.)
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Wang R, Huang J, Mohseni A, Hoseinyazdi M, Kotha A, Hamam O, Gudenkauf J, Heo HY, Nabi M, Huang J, Gonzalez F, Ansari G, Radmard M, Luna L, Caplan J, Xu R, Yedavalli V. Predictors of mTICI 2c/3 over 2b in patients successfully recanalized with mechanical thrombectomy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:89-95. [PMID: 37930267 PMCID: PMC10791022 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by large vessel occlusions (LVO), mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the treatment standard of care in eligible patients. Modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) grades of 2b, 2c, and 3 are all considered successful reperfusion; however, recent studies have shown achieving mTICI 2c/3 leads to better outcomes than mTICI 2b. This study aims to investigate whether any baseline preprocedural or periprocedural parameters are predictive of achieving mTICI 2c/3 in successfully recanalized LVO patients. METHODS We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study of consecutive patients presenting with AIS caused by a LVO from 1 January 2017 to 1 January 2023. Baseline and procedural data were collected through chart review. Univariate and multivariate analysis were applied to determine significant predictors of mTICI 2c/3. RESULTS A total of 216 patients were included in the study, with 159 (73.6%) achieving mTICI 2c/3 recanalization and 57 (26.4%) achieving mTICI 2b recanalization. We found that a higher groin puncture to first pass time (OR = 0.976, 95%CI: 0.960-0.992, p = 0.004), a higher first pass to recanalization time (OR = 0.985, 95%CI: 0.972-0.998, p = 0.029), a higher admission NIHSS (OR = 0.949, 95%CI: 0.904-0.995, p = 0.031), and a lower age (OR = 1.032, 95%CI: 1.01-1.055, p = 0.005) were associated with a decreased probability of achieving mTICI 2c/3. INTERPRETATION A lower groin puncture to first pass time, a lower first pass to recanalization time, a lower admission NIHSS, and a higher age were independent predictors of mTICI 2c/3 recanalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wang
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of NeuroradiologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jing Huang
- School of NursingJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Alireza Mohseni
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of NeuroradiologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Meisam Hoseinyazdi
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of NeuroradiologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Apoorva Kotha
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of NeuroradiologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Omar Hamam
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of NeuroradiologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Julie Gudenkauf
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of NeuroradiologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Hye Young Heo
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of NeuroradiologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Mehreen Nabi
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of NeuroradiologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Judy Huang
- Department of NeurosurgeryJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Fernando Gonzalez
- Department of NeurosurgeryJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Golnoosh Ansari
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of NeuroradiologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Mahla Radmard
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of NeuroradiologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Licia Luna
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of NeuroradiologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Justin Caplan
- Department of NeurosurgeryJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Risheng Xu
- Department of NeurosurgeryJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Vivek Yedavalli
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of NeuroradiologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Alruwaili M, Al-kuraishy HM, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, ALRashdi BM, Elhussieny O, Saad HM, Batiha GES. Pathogenic Role of Fibrinogen in the Neuropathology of Multiple Sclerosis: A Tale of Sorrows and Fears. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3255-3269. [PMID: 37442896 PMCID: PMC10514123 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03981-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) due to injury of the myelin sheath by immune cells. The clotting factor fibrinogen is involved in the pathogenesis of MS by triggering microglia and the progress of neuroinflammation. Fibrinogen level is correlated with MS severity; consequently, inhibition of the fibrinogen cascade may reduce MS neuropathology. Thus, this review aimed to clarify the potential role of fibrinogen in the pathogenesis of MS and how targeting of fibrinogen affects MS neuropathology. Accumulation of fibrinogen in the CNS may occur independently or due to disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity in MS. Fibrinogen acts as transduction and increases microglia activation which induces the progression of inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal injury. Besides, brain fibrinogen impairs the remyelination process by inhibiting the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. These findings proposed that fibrinogen is associated with MS neuropathology through interruption of BBB integrity, induction of neuroinflammation, and demyelination with inhibition of the remyelination process by suppressing oligodendrocytes. Therefore, targeting of fibrinogen and/or CD11b/CD18 receptors by metformin and statins might decrease MS neuropathology. In conclusion, inhibiting the expression of CD11b/CD18 receptors by metformin and statins may decrease the pro-inflammatory effect of fibrinogen on microglia which is involved in the progression of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubarak Alruwaili
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770 Australia
- AFNP Med, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Barakat M. ALRashdi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, 41412 Saudi Arabia
| | - Omnya Elhussieny
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh, 51744 Egypt
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh, 51744 Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511 Egypt
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Wolska N, Celikag M, Failla AV, Tarafdar A, Renné T, Torti M, Canobbio I, Pula G. Human platelets release amyloid peptides β 1-40 and β 1-42 in response to haemostatic, immune, and hypoxic stimuli. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:100154. [PMID: 37222974 PMCID: PMC7614566 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Platelets contain high levels of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides and have been suggested to participate in the deposition of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Objectives This study aimed to determine whether human platelets release pathogenic Aβ peptides Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40 and to characterise the mechanisms regulating this phenomenon. Methods and Results Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) revealed that the haemostatic stimulus thrombin and the pro-inflammatory molecule lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induce platelet release of both Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40. Notably, LPS preferentially induced the release of Aβ1-42, which was potentiated by the reduction of oxygen from atmospheric levels to physiological hypoxia. The selective β secretase (BACE) inhibitor LY2886721 showed no effect on the release of either Aβ1-40 or Aβ1-42 in our ELISA experiments. This suggested a store-and-release mechanism that was confirmed in immunostaining experiments showing co-localisation of cleaved Aβ peptides with platelet alpha granules. Conclusions Taken together, our data suggest that human platelets release pathogenic Aβ peptides as a result of a store-and-release mechanism rather than a de novo proteolytic event. Although further studies are required to fully characterise this phenomenon, we suggest the possibility of a role for platelets in the deposition of Aβ peptides and the formation of amyloid plaques. Interestingly, the combination of hypoxia and inflammation that we simulated in vitro with reduced oxygen tension and LPS may increase the release of fibrillogenic Aβ1-42 and, consequently, exacerbate amyloid plaque deposition in the brain of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Wolska
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg (Germany)
| | - Meral Celikag
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London (UK)
| | | | - Anuradha Tarafdar
- Cancer Research Horizons, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge (UK)
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School (UEMS), Exeter (UK)
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg (Germany)
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin (Ireland)
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz (Germany)
| | - Mauro Torti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia (Italy)
| | - Ilaria Canobbio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia (Italy)
| | - Giordano Pula
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg (Germany)
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School (UEMS), Exeter (UK)
- Biomedical Institute for Multimorbidity, Hull and York Medical School (HYMS), Hull (UK)
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Silva TMVD, Stein AM, Coelho FGDM, Rueda AV, Camarini R, Galduróz RF. Circulating levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A case-control study. Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114126. [PMID: 36167216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelets seem to reflect the Alzheimer's disease (AD) associated either with vascular impairment or disease. This study aimed to compare the circulating levels of VEGF and platelets between AD patients and healthy older adults. METHODS Seventy-two older adults, divided in 40 older adults (Clinical Dementia Rating Scale - CDR = 0); and 32 Alzheimer's disease patients (clinically diagnosed - CRD = 1) participated in the present study. The groups were paired by sex, age, comorbidities and educational level. The primary outcomes included circulating plasma VEGF and platelet levels obtained by blood collection. RESULTS The VEGF levels were significantly different between the groups (p = 0.03), with having a large effect size ( η2 =18.15), in which the AD patients presented lower levels compared to healthy older adults. For platelets, the comparison showed a tendency to difference (p = 0.06), with a large effect size (η2 =12.95) between the groups. CONCLUSION The VEGF levels and the platelet numbers were reduced in AD patients, suggesting that angiogenic factors could be modified due to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thays Martins Vital da Silva
- Instituto Federal do Triangulo Mineiro, Campus Patos de Minas, Brazil; Institute of Biosciences, UNESP (Universidade Estadual Paulista) Physical Activity and Aging Lab (LAFE), Campus Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Angelica Miki Stein
- Institute of Biosciences, UNESP (Universidade Estadual Paulista) Physical Activity and Aging Lab (LAFE), Campus Rio Claro, Brazil; UTFPR, Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Midwestern Parana State University (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Gomes de Melo Coelho
- Institute of Biosciences, UNESP (Universidade Estadual Paulista) Physical Activity and Aging Lab (LAFE), Campus Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Andre Veloso Rueda
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Campus São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosana Camarini
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Campus São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruth Ferreira Galduróz
- Institute of Biosciences, UNESP (Universidade Estadual Paulista) Physical Activity and Aging Lab (LAFE), Campus Rio Claro, Brazil; Center of Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, University Federal of ABC (UFABC), Campus São Bernardo, Brazil
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6
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Wang R, Aslan A, Khalili N, Garg T, Kotha A, Hamam O, Hoseinyazdi M, Yedavalli V. Groin Puncture to Recanalization Time May Be a Strong Predictor of mTICI 2c/3 over mTICI 2b in Patients with Large Vessel Occlusions Successfully Recanalized with Mechanical Thrombectomy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102557. [PMID: 36292246 PMCID: PMC9601218 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is an important therapeutic option in the management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by large vessel occlusions (LVO). While achieving a modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI), grades of 2b, 2c, and 3 are all considered successful recanalization; recent literature suggests that mTICI grades of 2c/3 are associated with superior outcomes than 2b. The aim of this preliminary study is to determine whether any baseline or procedural parameters can predict whether successfully recanalized patients achieve an mTICI grade of 2c/3 over 2b. Consecutive patients from 9/2019 to 10/2021 who were successfully recanalized following MT for confirmed LVO were included in the study. Baseline and procedural data were collected through manual chart review and analyzed to ascertain whether any variables of interest could predict mTICI 2c/3. A total of 47 patients were included in the preliminary study cohort, with 35 (74.5%) achieving an mTICI score of 2c/3 and 12 (25.5%) achieving an mTICI score of 2b. We found that a lower groin puncture to recanalization time was a strong, independent predictor of TICI 2c/3 (p = 0.015). These findings emphasize the importance of minimizing procedure time in achieving superior reperfusion but must be corroborated in larger scale studies.
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Li Y, Xin G, Li S, Dong Y, Zhu Y, Yu X, Wan C, Li F, Wei Z, Wang Y, Zhang K, Chen Q, Niu H, Huang W. PD-L1 Regulates Platelet Activation and Thrombosis via Caspase-3/GSDME Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:921414. [PMID: 35784685 PMCID: PMC9240427 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.921414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a central role in hemostasis and thrombosis, regulating the occurrence and development of thrombotic diseases, including ischemic stroke. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has recently been detected in platelet, while the function of PD-L1 in platelets remain elusive. Our data reveal a novel mechanism for the role of PD-L1 on platelet activation and arterial thrombosis. PD-L1 knockout does not affect platelet morphology, count, and mean volume under homeostasis and without risk of bleeding, which inhibits platelet activation by suppressing outside-in-activation of integrin by downregulating the Caspase-3/GSDME pathway. Platelet adoptive transfer experiments demonstrate that PD-L1 knockout inhibits thrombosis. And the absence of PD-L1 improves ischemic stroke severity and increases mice survival. Immunohistochemical staining of the internal structure of the thrombus proves that PD-L1 enhances the seriousness of the thrombus by inhibiting platelet activation. This work reveals a regulatory role of PD-L1 on platelet activation and thrombosis while providing novel platelet intervention strategies to prevent thrombosis.
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Chaudhary PK, Kim S, Kim S. An Insight into Recent Advances on Platelet Function in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116022. [PMID: 35682700 PMCID: PMC9181192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a variety of roles in vascular biology and are best recognized as primary hemostasis and thrombosis mediators. Platelets have a large number of receptors and secretory molecules that are required for platelet functionality. Upon activation, platelets release multiple substances that have the ability to influence both physiological and pathophysiological processes including inflammation, tissue regeneration and repair, cancer progression, and spreading. The involvement of platelets in the progression and seriousness of a variety of disorders other than thrombosis is still being discovered, especially in the areas of inflammation and the immunological response. This review represents an integrated summary of recent advances on the function of platelets in pathophysiology that connects hemostasis, inflammation, and immunological response in health and disease and suggests that antiplatelet treatment might be used for more than only thrombosis.
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Sun Y, Langer HF. Platelets, Thromboinflammation and Neurovascular Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843404. [PMID: 35309326 PMCID: PMC8930842 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain and spinal cord are immune-privileged organs, but in the disease state protection mechanisms such as the blood brain barrier (BBB) are ineffective or overcome by pathological processes. In neuroinflammatory diseases, microglia cells and other resident immune cells contribute to local vascular inflammation and potentially a systemic inflammatory response taking place in parallel. Microglia cells interact with other cells impacting on the integrity of the BBB and propagate the inflammatory response through the release of inflammatory signals. Here, we discuss the activation and response mechanisms of innate and adaptive immune processes in response to neuroinflammation. Furthermore, the clinical importance of neuroinflammatory mediators and a potential translational relevance of involved mechanisms are addressed also with focus on non-classical immune cells including microglia cells or platelets. As illustrative examples, novel agents such as Anfibatide or Revacept, which result in reduced recruitment and activation of platelets, a subsequently blunted activation of the coagulation cascade and further inflammatory process, demonstrating that mechanisms of neuroinflammation and thrombosis are interconnected and should be further subject to in depth clinical and basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Harald F. Langer
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
- *Correspondence: Harald F. Langer,
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10
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Chaudhary PK, Kim S. The GRKs Reactome: Role in Cell Biology and Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073375. [PMID: 33806057 PMCID: PMC8036551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are protein kinases that function in concert with arrestins in the regulation of a diverse class of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signaling. Although GRKs and arrestins are key participants in the regulation of GPCR cascades, the complex regulatory mechanisms of GRK expression, its alternation, and their function are not thoroughly understood. Several studies together with the work from our lab in recent years have revealed the critical role of these kinases in various physiological and pathophysiological processes, including cardiovascular biology, inflammation and immunity, neurodegeneration, thrombosis, and hemostasis. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying functional interactions with multiple receptor proteins and how these interactions take part in the development of various pathobiological processes may give rise to novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the current research linking the role of GRKs to various aspects of cell biology, pathology, and therapeutics, with a particular focus on thrombosis and hemostasis.
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11
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Rawish E, Nording H, Münte T, Langer HF. Platelets as Mediators of Neuroinflammation and Thrombosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:548631. [PMID: 33123127 PMCID: PMC7572851 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.548631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond platelets function in hemostasis, there is emerging evidence to suggest that platelets contribute crucially to inflammation and immune responses. Therefore, considering the detrimental role of inflammatory conditions in severe neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis or stroke, this review outlines platelets involvement in neuroinflammation. For this, distinct mechanisms of platelet-mediated thrombosis and inflammation are portrayed, focusing on the interaction of platelet receptors with other immune cells as well as brain endothelial cells. Furthermore, we draw attention to the intimate interplay between platelets and the complement system as well as between platelets and plasmatic coagulation factors in the course of neuroinflammation. Following the thorough exposition of preclinical approaches which aim at ameliorating disease severity after inducing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (a counterpart of multiple sclerosis in mice) or brain ischemia-reperfusion injury, the clinical relevance of platelet-mediated neuroinflammation is addressed. Thus, current as well as future propitious translational and clinical strategies for the treatment of neuro-inflammatory diseases by affecting platelet function are illustrated, emphasizing that targeting platelet-mediated neuroinflammation could become an efficient adjunct therapy to mitigate disease severity of multiple sclerosis or stroke associated brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Rawish
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henry Nording
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Münte
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Clinic for Neurology, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Harald F Langer
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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12
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Inyushin M, Zayas-Santiago A, Rojas L, Kucheryavykh L. On the Role of Platelet-Generated Amyloid Beta Peptides in Certain Amyloidosis Health Complications. Front Immunol 2020; 11:571083. [PMID: 33123145 PMCID: PMC7567018 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.571083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As do many other immunity-related blood cells, platelets release antimicrobial peptides that kill bacteria, fungi, and even certain viruses. Here we review the literature suggesting that there is a similarity between the antimicrobials released by other blood cells and the amyloid-related Aβ peptide released by platelets. Analyzing the literature, we also propose that platelet-generated Aβ amyloidosis may be more common than currently recognized. This systemic Aβ from a platelet source may participate in various forms of amyloidosis in pathologies ranging from brain cancer, glaucoma, skin Aβ accumulation, and preeclampsia to Alzheimer’s disease and late-stage Parkinson’s disease. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of specific animal models for studying platelet-related Aβ. This field is undergoing rapid change, as it evaluates competing ideas in the light of new experimental observations. We summarized both in order to clarify the role of platelet-generated Aβ peptides in amyloidosis-related health disorders, which may be helpful to researchers interested in this growing area of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Inyushin
- Department of Physiology, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, Puerto Rico
| | - Astrid Zayas-Santiago
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, Puerto Rico
| | - Legier Rojas
- Department of Physiology, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, Puerto Rico
| | - Lilia Kucheryavykh
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, Puerto Rico
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13
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Microparticles are related to cognitive and functional status from normal aging to dementia. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 336:577027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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14
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Mezger M, Nording H, Sauter R, Graf T, Heim C, von Bubnoff N, Ensminger SM, Langer HF. Platelets and Immune Responses During Thromboinflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1731. [PMID: 31402914 PMCID: PMC6676797 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides mediating hemostatic functions, platelets are increasingly recognized as important players of inflammation. Data from experiments in mice and men revealed various intersection points between thrombosis, hemostasis, and inflammation, which are addressed and discussed in this review in detail. One such example is the intrinsic coagulation cascade that is initiated after platelet activation thereby further propagating and re-enforcing wound healing or thrombus formation but also contributing to the pathophysiology of severe diseases. FXII of the intrinsic pathway connects platelet activation with the coagulation cascade during immune reactions. It can activate the contact system thereby either creating an inflammatory state or accelerating inflammation. Recent insights into platelet biology could show that platelets are equipped with complement receptors. Platelets are important for tissue remodeling after injury has been inflicted to the endothelial barrier and to the subendothelial tissue. Thus, platelets are increasingly recognized as more than just cells relevant for bleeding arrest. Future insights into platelet biology are to be expected. This research will potentially offer novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention in diseases featuring platelet abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Mezger
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henry Nording
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Reinhard Sauter
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tobias Graf
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Heim
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nikolas von Bubnoff
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stephan M Ensminger
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Harald F Langer
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
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15
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Bijak M, Olejnik A, Rokita B, Morel A, Dziedzic A, Miller E, Saluk‐Bijak J. Increased level of fibrinogen chains in the proteome of blood platelets in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3476-3482. [PMID: 30838756 PMCID: PMC6484326 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate a high risk of stroke, heart failure and myocardial infarction in patients with multiple sclerosis, especially in its secondary progressive (SPMS) phase. Some ischaemic events are directly associated with abnormal platelet functions and their prothrombotic activity. Recent reports, including this study, confirm the increased activation of circulating platelets in SPMS, and also show increased platelet reactivity, among other responses, as well as strong aggregation. In this current study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the platelet proteome in SPMS patients and in healthy controls, to demonstrate the quantitative and qualitative differences likely to affect functional changes observed in SPMS. During densitometry evaluation of 2-D fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis, we observed differences between the electrophoretic patterns of SPMS platelets and the control samples. To determine a detailed characterisation of the proteome changes in the SPMS patients' blood platelets, in the next stage, we performed mass spectrometry of selected spots and indicated the increased presence of four proteins (fibrinogen, α-2 macroglobulin, septin-14 and tubulin β-1 chain). The most important of these is the increased amount of prothrombotic protein, fibrinogen, which seems to confirm the accuracy of the imaging and potentially explains the increased risk of platelet-origin thrombotic events. This study provides new knowledge of the potential existence of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the acceleration of the platelet pro-coagulant function in SPMS. This can help to identify new targets for therapy, which can then be used not only in the second stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bijak
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General BiochemistryUniversity of LodzLodzPoland
| | - Alicja Olejnik
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Applied Radiation ChemistryLodz University of TechnologyLodzPoland
| | - Bozena Rokita
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Applied Radiation ChemistryLodz University of TechnologyLodzPoland
| | - Agnieszka Morel
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General BiochemistryUniversity of LodzLodzPoland
| | - Angela Dziedzic
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General BiochemistryUniversity of LodzLodzPoland
| | - Elzbieta Miller
- Department of Physical MedicineMedical University of LodzLodzPoland
- Neurorehabilitation Ward, III General Hospital in LodzLodzPoland
| | - Joanna Saluk‐Bijak
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General BiochemistryUniversity of LodzLodzPoland
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16
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La Starza S, Ferraldeschi M, Buscarinu MC, Romano S, Fornasiero A, Mechelli R, Umeton R, Ristori G, Salvetti M. Genome-Wide Multiple Sclerosis Association Data and Coagulation. Front Neurol 2019; 10:95. [PMID: 30837932 PMCID: PMC6383413 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging concept of a crosstalk between hemostasis, inflammation, and immune system prompt recent works on coagulation cascade in multiple sclerosis (MS). Studies on MS pathology identified several coagulation factors since the beginning of the disease pathophysiology: fibrin deposition with breakdown of blood brain barrier, and coagulation factors within active plaques may exert pathogenic role, especially through the innate immune system. Studies on circulating coagulation factors showed complex imbalance involving several components of hemostasis cascade (thrombin, factor X, factor XII). To analyze the role of the coagulation process in connection with other pathogenic pathways, we implemented a systematic matching of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data with an informative and unbiased network of coagulation pathways. Using MetaCore (version 6.35 build 69300, 2018) we analyzed the connectivity (i.e., direct and indirect interactions among two networks) between the network of the coagulation process and the network resulting from feeding into MetaCore the MS GWAS data. The two networks presented a remarkable over-connectivity: 958 connections vs. 561 expected by chance; z-score = 17.39; p-value < 0.00001. Moreover, genes coding for cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40) and plasminogen activator, urokinase (PLAU) shared both networks, pointed to an integral interplay between coagulation cascade and main pathogenic immune effectors. In fact, CD40 pathways is especially operative in B cells, that are currently a major therapeutic target in MS field. The potential interaction of PLAU with a signal of paramount importance for B cell pathogenicity, such as CD40, suggest new lines of research and pave the way to implement new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara La Starza
- Geriatrics, Neuroscience, Orthopaedics, Head and Neck Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Ferraldeschi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Buscarinu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Romano
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Fornasiero
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Umeton
- Department of Informatics & Analytics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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17
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Saluk-Bijak J, Dziedzic A, Bijak M. Pro-Thrombotic Activity of Blood Platelets in Multiple Sclerosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020110. [PMID: 30717273 PMCID: PMC6406904 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The available data, including experimental studies, clearly indicate an excessive intravascular activation of circulating platelets in multiple sclerosis (MS) and their hyper-responsiveness to a variety of physiological activators. Platelet activation is manifested as an increased adhesion and aggregation and is accompanied by the formation of pro-thrombotic microparticles. Activated blood platelets also show an expression of specific membrane receptors, synthesis many of biomediators, and generation of reactive oxygen species. Epidemiological studies confirm the high risk of stroke or myocardial infarction in MS that are ischemic incidents, strictly associated with incorrect platelet functions and their over pro-thrombotic activity. Chronic inflammation and high activity of pro-oxidative processes in the course of MS are the main factors identified as the cause of excessive platelet activation. The primary biological function of platelets is to support vascular integrity, but the importance of platelets in inflammatory diseases is also well documented. The pro-thrombotic activity of platelets and their inflammatory properties play a part in the pathophysiology of MS. The analysis of platelet function capability in MS could provide useful information for studying the pathogenesis of this disease. Due to the complexity of pathological processes in MS, medication must be multifaceted and blood platelets can probably be identified as new targets for therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Saluk-Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Angela Dziedzic
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Michal Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
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18
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Kocovski P, Jiang X, D'Souza CS, Li Z, Dang PT, Wang X, Chen W, Peter K, Hale MW, Orian JM. Platelet Depletion is Effective in Ameliorating Anxiety-Like Behavior and Reducing the Pro-Inflammatory Environment in the Hippocampus in Murine Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8020162. [PMID: 30717130 PMCID: PMC6406682 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuropsychiatric symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS), such as anxiety and depression, can result from disease activity itself as well as psychological reaction to an unfavorable diagnosis. Accordingly, the literature reports evidence of increased anxiety-like behavior in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an accepted MS model. Due to the recently described critical role of platelets in inflammation and autoimmune disease, we examined the relationship between platelets, inflammation, and anxiety-like behavior in EAE. In the elevated plus maze, EAE-induced C57BL/6J mice showed decreased time spent in the open arms relative to vehicle-only controls, demonstrating an increase in anxiety-like behavior. This effect occurred in the presence of platelet–neuron association, but absence of lymphocytic infiltration, in the hippocampal parenchyma. Platelet depletion at the pre-clinical disease stage, using antibody-mediated lysis prevented the EAE-induced increase in anxiety-like behavior, while no significant difference in distance moved was recorded. Furthermore, platelet depletion was also associated with reduction of the pro-inflammatory environment to control levels in the hippocampus and prevention of EAE disease symptomology. These studies demonstrate the high efficacy of a platelet-targeting approach in preventing anxiety-like symptoms and clinical manifestations of EAE and have implications for the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pece Kocovski
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
| | - Xiangrui Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
| | - Claretta S D'Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
| | - Phuc T Dang
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Weisan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Matthew W Hale
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
| | - Jacqueline M Orian
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
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19
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Eisinger F, Patzelt J, Langer HF. The Platelet Response to Tissue Injury. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:317. [PMID: 30483508 PMCID: PMC6242949 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, various studies have increasingly explained platelet functions not only in their central role as a regulator in cellular hemostasis and coagulation. In fact, there is growing evidence that under specific conditions, platelets act as a mediator between the vascular system, hemostasis, and the immune system. Therefore, they are essential in many processes involved in tissue remodeling and tissue reorganization after injury or inflammatory responses. These processes include the promotion of inflammatory processes, the contribution to innate and adaptive immune responses during bacterial and viral infections, the modulation of angiogenesis, and the regulation of cell apoptosis in steady-state tissue homeostasis or after tissue breakdown. All in all platelets may contribute to the control of tissue homeostasis much more than generally assumed. This review summarizes the current knowledge of platelets as part of the tissue remodeling network and seeks to provide possible translational implications for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Eisinger
- Section for Cardioimmunology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Patzelt
- University Clinic for Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald F. Langer
- Section for Cardioimmunology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
- University Clinic for Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
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20
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Chen C, Li T, Zhao Y, Qian Y, Li X, Dai X, Huang D, Pan T, Zhou L. Platelet glycoprotein receptor Ib blockade ameliorates experimental cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by strengthening the blood-brain barrier function and anti-thrombo-inflammatory property. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:255-263. [PMID: 29195783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, thrombus formation and immune-mediated inflammation are important steps in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury but are still inaccessible to therapeutic interventions. Recent studies have provided increasing evidence that blocking of platelet glycoprotein (GP) receptor Ib might represent a novel target in treating acute ischemic stroke. This research was conducted to explore the therapeutic efficacy and potential mechanisms of GPIbα inhibitor (anfibatide) in a model of brain ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Male mice underwent 90 min of right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Anfibatide (1, 2, 4 ug/kg) or tirofiban were administered intravenously 1 h after reperfusion. The results showed that anfibatide could significantly reduce infarct volumes, increase the number of intact neuronal cells and improve neurobehavioral function. Moreover, anfibatide could reduce post ischemic BBB damage by attenuating increased paracellular permeability in the ischemia hemisphere significantly. Stroke-induced increases in activity and protein expression of macrophage-1 antigen (MAC-1) and P-selectin were also reduced by anfibatide intervention. Finally, anfibatide exerted antithrombotic effects upon stroke by decreased the number of microthrombi formation. This is the first demonstration of anfibatide's efficacy in protecting the BBB integrity and decreasing neutrophil inflammation response mediated by MAC-1 besides microthrombus formation inhibition in the brain during reperfusion. Anfibatide, as a promising anti-thrombo-inflammation agent, could be beneficial for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Yuchen Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Yinfeng Qian
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Zhaoke Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Xiangrong Dai
- Zhaoke Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Dake Huang
- Synthetic Laboratory of Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Tianzhong Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Lanlan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China.
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21
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Ray B, Pandav VM, Mathews EA, Thompson DM, Ford L, Yearout LK, Bohnstedt BN, Chaudhary S, Dale GL, Prodan CI. Coated-Platelet Trends Predict Short-Term Clinical OutcomeAfter Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 2017; 9:459-470. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Langer HF, Verschoor A. Crosstalk between platelets and the complement system in immune protection and disease. Thromb Haemost 2017; 110:910-9. [DOI: 10.1160/th13-02-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SummaryPlatelets have a central function in repairing vascular damage and stopping acute blood loss. They are equally central to thrombus formation in cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke. Beyond these classical prothrombotic diseases, immune mediated pathologies such as haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) or paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) also feature an increased tendency to form thrombi in various tissues. It has become increasingly clear that the complement system, part of the innate immune system, has an important role in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Not only does complement influence prothrombotic disease, it is equally involved in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), an autoimmune disease characterised by thrombocytopenia. Thus, there are complex interrelationships between the haemostatic and immune systems, and platelets and complement in particular. Not only does complement influence platelet diseases such as ITP, HUS and PNH, it also mediates interaction between microbes and platelets during systemic infection, influencing the course of infection and development of protective immunity. This review aims to provide an integrative overview of the mechanisms underlying the interactions between complement and platelets in health and disease.
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23
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Dietrich-Muszalska A, Wachowicz B. Platelet haemostatic function in psychiatric disorders: Effects of antidepressants and antipsychotic drugs. World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18:564-574. [PMID: 27112326 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2016.1155748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Platelets, the smallest anucleated blood cells, play an essential role in the first step of complex haemostatic process. This review presents the haemostatic function of blood platelets related to their activation in psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, depression), the role of antipsychotic and antidepressant medication, and introduces the mechanisms by which activated platelets may be involved in the pathophysiology of these disorders. Methods Platelets are interesting and easily accessible blood cells to study biochemical pathways related to schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders, and their complex activation process might be useful as a diagnostic peripheral marker for studying psychiatric disorders and haemostatic complications. Results The excessive activation of platelets observed in patients with depression and schizophrenia is involved in cardiovascular diseases, stroke and increased risk of thrombotic complications that may be major causes of morbidity and mortality of patients. The use of antidepressants or antipsychotic drugs in depression and schizophrenia treatment is often associated with haematological side effects such as bleeding, venous thromboembolism and impaired platelet function. Conclusions Understanding the role of platelet activation in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia or depression and medication may improve therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dietrich-Muszalska
- a Department of Biological Psychiatry of the Chair of Experimental and Clinical Physiology , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Barbara Wachowicz
- b Department of General Biochemistry , University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
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24
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Roberts AM, Jagadapillai R, Vaishnav RA, Friedland RP, Drinovac R, Lin X, Gozal E. Increased pulmonary arteriolar tone associated with lung oxidative stress and nitric oxide in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/17/e12953. [PMID: 27604401 PMCID: PMC5027359 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction and decreased cerebral blood flow are linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Loss of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) and oxidative stress in human cerebrovascular endothelium increase expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and enhance production of the Aβ peptide, suggesting that loss of endothelial NO contributes to AD pathology. We hypothesize that decreased systemic NO bioavailability in AD may also impact lung microcirculation and induce pulmonary endothelial dysfunction. The acute effect of NO synthase (NOS) inhibition on pulmonary arteriolar tone was assessed in a transgenic mouse model (TgAD) of AD (C57BL/6‐Tg(Thy1‐APPSwDutIowa)BWevn/Mmjax) and age‐matched wild‐type controls (C57BL/6J). Arteriolar diameters were measured before and after the administration of the NOS inhibitor, L‐NAME. Lung superoxide formation (DHE) and formation of nitrotyrosine (3‐NT) were assessed as indicators of oxidative stress, inducible NOS (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) expression as indicators of inflammation. Administration of L‐NAME caused either significant pulmonary arteriolar constriction or no change from baseline tone in wild‐type (WT) mice, and significant arteriolar dilation in TgAD mice. DHE, 3‐NT, TNF‐α, and iNOS expression were higher in TgAD lung tissue, compared to WT mice. These data suggest L‐NAME could induce increased pulmonary arteriolar tone in WT mice from loss of bioavailable NO. In contrast, NOS inhibition with L‐NAME had a vasodilator effect in TgAD mice, potentially caused by decreased reactive nitrogen species formation, while significant oxidative stress and inflammation were present. We conclude that AD may increase pulmonary microvascular tone as a result of loss of bioavailable NO and increased oxidative stress. Our findings suggest that AD may have systemic microvascular implications beyond central neural control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Roberts
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202 Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
| | - Rekha Jagadapillai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
| | - Radhika A Vaishnav
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
| | - Robert P Friedland
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202 Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
| | - Robert Drinovac
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
| | - Xingyu Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202 Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Evelyne Gozal
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202 Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
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25
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Wojsiat J, Laskowska-Kaszub K, Mietelska-Porowska A, Wojda U. Search for Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in blood cells: hypotheses-driven approach. Biomark Med 2017; 11:917-931. [PMID: 28976776 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnostics is based on cognitive testing, and detecting amyloid Aβ and τ pathology by brain imaging and assays of cerebrospinal fluid. However, biomarkers identifying complex pathways contributing to pathology are lacking, especially for early AD. Preferably, such biomarkers should be more cost-effective and present in easily available diagnostic tissues, such as blood. Here, we summarize the recent findings of potential early AD molecular diagnostic biomarkers in blood platelets, lymphocytes and erythrocytes. We review molecular alterations which refer to such main hypotheses of AD pathogenesis as amyloid cascade, oxidative and mitochondrial stress, inflammation and alterations in cell cycle regulatory molecules. The major advantage of such biomarkers is the potential ability to indicate individualized therapies in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wojsiat
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur 3 St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Laskowska-Kaszub
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur 3 St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Mietelska-Porowska
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur 3 St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Wojda
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur 3 St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Corriveau RA, Bosetti F, Emr M, Gladman JT, Koenig JI, Moy CS, Pahigiannis K, Waddy SP, Koroshetz W. The Science of Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (VCID): A Framework for Advancing Research Priorities in the Cerebrovascular Biology of Cognitive Decline. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 36:281-8. [PMID: 27095366 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization reports that 47.5 million people are affected by dementia worldwide. With aging populations and 7.7 million new cases each year, the burden of illness due to dementia approaches crisis proportions. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the biology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading dementia diagnosis, the actual causes of dementia in affected individuals are unknown except for rare fully penetrant genetic forms. Evidence from epidemiology and pathology studies indicates that damage to the vascular system is associated with an increased risk of many types of dementia. Both Alzheimer's pathology and cerebrovascular disease increase with age. How AD affects small blood vessel function and how vascular dysfunction contributes to the molecular pathology of Alzheimer's are areas of intense research. The science of vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) integrates diverse aspects of biology and incorporates the roles of multiple cell types that support the function of neural tissue. Because of the proven ability to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease and hypertension with population benefits for heart and stroke outcomes, it is proposed that understanding and targeting the biological mechanisms of VCID can have a similarly positive impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick A Corriveau
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 6001 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9525, USA.
| | - Francesca Bosetti
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 6001 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9525, USA
| | - Marian Emr
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 6001 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9525, USA
| | - Jordan T Gladman
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 6001 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9525, USA
| | - James I Koenig
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 6001 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9525, USA
| | - Claudia S Moy
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 6001 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9525, USA
| | - Katherine Pahigiannis
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 6001 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9525, USA
| | - Salina P Waddy
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 6001 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9525, USA
| | - Walter Koroshetz
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 6001 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9525, USA
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Jones LD, Jackson JW, Maggirwar SB. Modeling HIV-1 Induced Neuroinflammation in Mice: Role of Platelets in Mediating Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151702. [PMID: 26986758 PMCID: PMC4795798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of HIV-1 positive individuals developing some form of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is increasing. In these individuals, the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is compromised due to an increase in exposure to pro-inflammatory mediators, viral proteins, and virus released from infected cells. It has been shown that soluble CD40L (sCD40L) is released upon platelet activation and is an important mediator of the pathogenesis of HAND but the underlying mechanisms are unclear, emphasizing the need of an effective animal model. Here, we have utilized a novel animal model in which wild-type (WT) mice were infected with EcoHIV; a derivative of HIV-1 that contains a substitution of envelope protein gp120 with that of gp80 derived from murine leukemia virus-1 (MuLV-1). As early as two-weeks post-infection, EcoHIV led to increased permeability of the BBB associated with decreased expression of tight junction protein claudin-5, in CD40L and platelet activation-dependent manner. Treatment with an antiplatelet drug, eptifibatide, in EcoHIV-infected mice normalized BBB function, sCD40L release and platelet activity, thus implicating platelet activation and platelet-derived CD40L in virally induced BBB dysfunction. Our results also validate and underscore the importance of EcoHIV infection mouse model as a tool to explore therapeutic targets for HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letitia D Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Joseph W Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Sanjay B Maggirwar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
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Farrokhi M, Beni AA, Etemadifar M, Rezaei A, Rivard L, Zadeh AR, Sedaghat N, Ghadimi M. Effect of Fingolimod on Platelet Count Among Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Int J Prev Med 2016; 6:125. [PMID: 26900439 PMCID: PMC4736130 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.172539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: While many studies have previously focused on fingolimod's effect on immune cells, the effect it has on circulating and local central nervous system platelets (Plts) has not yet been investigated. This study will elucidate what effects fingolimod treatment has on multiple sclerosis (MS) patients’ plasma Plt levels. In addition, it will propose possible reasoning for these effects and suggest further investigation into this topic. Methods: This quasi-experimental study used patients from the Isfahan Multiple Sclerosis Society to produce a subject pool of 80 patients, including 14 patients who ceased fingolimod use due to complications. The patients had their blood analyzed to determine Plt levels both 1-month prior to fingolimod treatment and 1-month after fingolimod treatment had been started. Results: The mean level of Plts before initiation of fingolimod therapy (Plt1) among these MS patients was 256.53 ± 66.26. After 1-month of fingolimod treatment, the Plt level yielded an average of 229.96 ± 49.67 (Plt2). This number is significantly lower than the average Plt count before treatment (P < 0.01). Conclusions: MS patients taking oral fingolimod treatment may be at risk for side-effects caused by low Plt levels. This may not be a factor for patients with higher or normal Plt levels. However, a patient with naturally low Plt levels may experience a drop below the normal level and be at risk for excessive bleeding. In addition to these possible harmful side-effects, the decreased Plt population may pose positive effects for MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Farrokhi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre, Affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Amani Beni
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre, Affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Etemadifar
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre, Affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Research Center, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Rezaei
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Leah Rivard
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Aryan Rafiee Zadeh
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nahid Sedaghat
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre, Affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Milad Ghadimi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Rivera FJ, Kazanis I, Ghevaert C, Aigner L. Beyond Clotting: A Role of Platelets in CNS Repair? Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 9:511. [PMID: 26834562 PMCID: PMC4718976 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Rivera
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University SalzburgSalzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University SalzburgSalzburg, Austria
| | - Ilias Kazanis
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK; Department of Biology, University of PatrasPatras, Greece
| | - Cedric Ghevaert
- Department of Haematology, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK; National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridge, UK
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University SalzburgSalzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University SalzburgSalzburg, Austria
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Kniewallner KM, Ehrlich D, Kiefer A, Marksteiner J, Humpel C. Platelets in the Alzheimer's disease brain: do they play a role in cerebral amyloid angiopathy? Curr Neurovasc Res 2015; 12:4-14. [PMID: 25557380 PMCID: PMC4442621 DOI: 10.2174/1567202612666150102124703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by extracellular beta-amyloid plaques and
intracellular tau tangles. AD-related pathology is often accompanied by vascular changes. The predominant
vascular lesions in AD are cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and arteriosclerosis. Platelets circulate
along the vessel wall responding immediately to vascular injury. The aim of the present study was to
explore the presence and migration of platelets (thrombocytes) to sites of small vascular bleedings and/or
to beta-amyloid plaques in the brain. We infused fluorescently labeled red PKH26 mouse platelets into
transgenic Alzheimer mice overexpressing APP with Swedish/Dutch/Iowa mutations (APP_SDI) and
explored if platelets migrate into the brain. Further we studied whether platelets accumulate in the vicinity
of β-amyloid plaques. Our animal data shows that infused platelets are found in the liver and partly in the lung, while in
the brain platelets were visible to a minor degree. In mice, we did not observe a significant association of platelets with
beta-amyloid plaques or vessels. In the brain of Alzheimer postmortem patients platelets could be detected by
immunohistochemistry for CD41 and CD62P, but the majority was found in vessels with or without beta-amyloid load,
and only a few single platelets migrated deeper into the brain. Our findings suggest that platelets do not migrate into the
brains of Alzheimer disease but are concentrated in brain vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christian Humpel
- Deparment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Anichstr. 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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31
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Dobson GP. Addressing the Global Burden of Trauma in Major Surgery. Front Surg 2015; 2:43. [PMID: 26389122 PMCID: PMC4558465 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2015.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a technically perfect procedure, surgical stress can determine the success or failure of an operation. Surgical trauma is often referred to as the "neglected step-child" of global health in terms of patient numbers, mortality, morbidity, and costs. A staggering 234 million major surgeries are performed every year, and depending upon country and institution, up to 4% of patients will die before leaving hospital, up to 15% will have serious post-operative morbidity, and 5-15% will be readmitted within 30 days. These percentages equate to around 1000 deaths and 4000 major complications every hour, and it has been estimated that 50% may be preventable. New frontline drugs are urgently required to make major surgery safer for the patient and more predictable for the surgeon. We review the basic physiology of the stress response from neuroendocrine to genomic systems, and discuss the paucity of clinical data supporting the use of statins, beta-adrenergic blockers and calcium-channel blockers. Since cardiac-related complications are the most common, particularly in the elderly, a key strategy would be to improve ventricular-arterial coupling to safeguard the endothelium and maintain tissue oxygenation. Reduced O2 supply is associated with glycocalyx shedding, decreased endothelial barrier function, fluid leakage, inflammation, and coagulopathy. A healthy endothelium may prevent these "secondary hit" complications, including possibly immunosuppression. Thus, the four pillars of whole body resynchronization during surgical trauma, and targets for new therapies, are: (1) the CNS, (2) the heart, (3) arterial supply and venous return functions, and (4) the endothelium. This is termed the Central-Cardio-Vascular-Endothelium (CCVE) coupling hypothesis. Since similar sterile injury cascades exist in critical illness, accidental trauma, hemorrhage, cardiac arrest, infection and burns, new drugs that improve CCVE coupling may find wide utility in civilian and military medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey P Dobson
- Heart, Trauma and Sepsis Research Laboratory, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University , Townsville, QLD , Australia
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Starossom SC, Veremeyko T, Yung AWY, Dukhinova M, Au C, Lau AY, Weiner HL, Ponomarev ED. Platelets Play Differential Role During the Initiation and Progression of Autoimmune Neuroinflammation. Circ Res 2015; 117:779-92. [PMID: 26294656 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Platelets are known to participate in vascular pathologies; however, their role in neuroinflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), is unknown. Autoimmune CD4 T cells have been the main focus of studies of MS, although the factors that regulate T-cell differentiation toward pathogenic T helper-1/T helper-17 phenotypes are not completely understood. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of platelets in the modulation of CD4 T-cell functions in patients with MS and in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalitis, an animal model for MS. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that early in MS and experimental autoimmune encephalitis, platelets degranulated and produced soluble factors serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), platelet factor 4, and platelet-activating factor, which specifically stimulated differentiation of T cells toward pathogenic T helper-1, T helper-17, and interferon-γ/interleukin-17-producing CD4 T cells. At the later stages of MS and experimental autoimmune encephalitis, platelets became exhausted in their ability to produce proinflammatory factors and stimulate CD4 T cells but substantially increased their ability to form aggregates with CD4 T cells. Formation of platelet-CD4 T-cell aggregates involved the interaction of CD62P on activated platelets with adhesion molecule CD166 on activated CD4 T cells, contributing to downmodulation of CD4 T-cell activation, proliferation, and production of interferon-γ. Blocking of formation of platelet-CD4 T-cell aggregates during progression of experimental autoimmune encephalitis substantially enhanced proliferation of CD4 T cells in the central nervous system and the periphery leading to exacerbation of the disease. CONCLUSION Our study indicates differential roles for platelets in the regulation of functions of pathogenic CD4 T cells during initiation and progression of central nervous system autoimmune inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Starossom
- From the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.C.S., H.L.W., E.D.P.); Institute for Medical Immunology and NeuroCure, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.C.S.); and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (T.V., A.W.Y.Y., M.D., E.D.P.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital (C.A., A.Y.L.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tatyana Veremeyko
- From the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.C.S., H.L.W., E.D.P.); Institute for Medical Immunology and NeuroCure, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.C.S.); and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (T.V., A.W.Y.Y., M.D., E.D.P.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital (C.A., A.Y.L.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Amanda W Y Yung
- From the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.C.S., H.L.W., E.D.P.); Institute for Medical Immunology and NeuroCure, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.C.S.); and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (T.V., A.W.Y.Y., M.D., E.D.P.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital (C.A., A.Y.L.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Marina Dukhinova
- From the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.C.S., H.L.W., E.D.P.); Institute for Medical Immunology and NeuroCure, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.C.S.); and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (T.V., A.W.Y.Y., M.D., E.D.P.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital (C.A., A.Y.L.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cheryl Au
- From the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.C.S., H.L.W., E.D.P.); Institute for Medical Immunology and NeuroCure, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.C.S.); and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (T.V., A.W.Y.Y., M.D., E.D.P.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital (C.A., A.Y.L.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Alexander Y Lau
- From the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.C.S., H.L.W., E.D.P.); Institute for Medical Immunology and NeuroCure, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.C.S.); and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (T.V., A.W.Y.Y., M.D., E.D.P.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital (C.A., A.Y.L.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Howard L Weiner
- From the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.C.S., H.L.W., E.D.P.); Institute for Medical Immunology and NeuroCure, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.C.S.); and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (T.V., A.W.Y.Y., M.D., E.D.P.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital (C.A., A.Y.L.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Eugene D Ponomarev
- From the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.C.S., H.L.W., E.D.P.); Institute for Medical Immunology and NeuroCure, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (S.C.S.); and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (T.V., A.W.Y.Y., M.D., E.D.P.) and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital (C.A., A.Y.L.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Kazanis I, Feichtner M, Lange S, Rotheneichner P, Hainzl S, Öller M, Schallmoser K, Rohde E, Reitsamer HA, Couillard-Despres S, Bauer HC, Franklin RJM, Aigner L, Rivera FJ. Lesion-induced accumulation of platelets promotes survival of adult neural stem / progenitor cells. Exp Neurol 2015; 269:75-89. [PMID: 25819103 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The presence of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in specific areas of the central nervous system (CNS) supports tissue maintenance as well as regeneration. The subependymal zone (SEZ), located at the lateral ventricle's wall, represents a niche for NSPCs and in response to stroke or demyelination becomes activated with progenitors migrating towards the lesion and differentiating into neurons and glia. The mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon remain largely unknown. The vascular niche and in particular blood-derived elements such as platelets, has been shown to contribute to CNS regeneration in different pathological conditions. Indeed, intracerebroventricularly administrated platelet lysate (PL) stimulates angiogenesis, neurogenesis and neuroprotection in the damaged CNS. Here, we explored the presence of platelets in the activated SEZ after a focal demyelinating lesion in the corpus callosum of mice and we studied the effects of PL on proliferating SEZ-derived NSPCs in vitro. We showed that the lesion-induced increase in the size of the SEZ and in the number of proliferating SEZ-resident NSPCs correlates with the accumulation of platelets specifically along the activated SEZ vasculature. Expanding on this finding, we demonstrated that exposure of NSPCs to PL in vitro led to increased numbers of cells by enhanced cell survival and reduced apoptosis without differences in proliferation and in the differentiation potential of NSPCs. Finally, we demonstrate that the accumulation of platelets within the SEZ is spatially correlated with reduced numbers of apoptotic cells when compared to other periventricular areas. In conclusion, our results show that platelet-derived compounds specifically promote SEZ-derived NSPC survival and suggest that platelets might contribute to the enlargement of the pool of SEZ NSPCs that are available for CNS repair in response to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Kazanis
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Martina Feichtner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Federal Hospital and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Simona Lange
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Rotheneichner
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Hainzl
- Division of Molecular Dermatology and EB House Austria, Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michaela Öller
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Federal Hospital and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Federal Hospital and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eva Rohde
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Federal Hospital and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Herbert A Reitsamer
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Ophthalmology/Optometry and Research Program for Experimental Ophthalmology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Despres
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hans-Christian Bauer
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Robin J M Franklin
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Francisco J Rivera
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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Abstract
Aspirin is widely used to lessen the risks of cardiovascular events. Some studies suggest that patients with multiple sclerosis have an increased risk for some cardiovascular events, for example, venous thromboembolism and perhaps ischemic strokes, raising the possibility that aspirin could lessen these increased risks in this population or subgroups (patients with limited mobility and/or antiphospholipid antibodies). However, aspirin causes a small increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke, which is a concern as it could potentially worsen a compromised blood-brain barrier. Aspirin has the potential to ameliorate the disease process in multiple sclerosis (for example, by limiting some components of inflammation), but aspirin also has the potential to inhibit mitochondrial complex I activity, which is already reduced in multiple sclerosis. In an experimental setting of a cerebral ischemic lesion, aspirin promoted the proliferation and/or differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursors, raising the possibility that aspirin could facilitate remyelination efforts in multiple sclerosis. Other actions by aspirin may lead to small improvements of some symptoms (for example, lessening fatigue). Here we consider potential benefits and risks of aspirin usage by patients with multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Tsau
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Mitchell R Emerson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy-Glendale, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA.
| | - Sharon G Lynch
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Steven M LeVine
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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35
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Mizurini DM, Aslan JS, Gomes T, Ma D, Francischetti IMB, Monteiro RQ. Salivary Thromboxane A2-Binding Proteins from Triatomine Vectors of Chagas Disease Inhibit Platelet-Mediated Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Formation and Arterial Thrombosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003869. [PMID: 26110417 PMCID: PMC4482233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The saliva of blood-feeding arthropods contains a notable diversity of molecules that target the hemostatic and immune systems of the host. Dipetalodipin and triplatin are triatomine salivary proteins that exhibit high affinity binding to prostanoids, such as TXA2, thus resulting in potent inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation in vitro. It was recently demonstrated that platelet-derived TXA2 mediates the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a newly recognized link between inflammation and thrombosis that promote thrombus growth and stability. Methodology/Principal Findings This study evaluated the ability of dipetalodipin and triplatin to block NETs formation in vitro. We also investigated the in vivo antithrombotic activity of TXA2 binding proteins by employing two murine models of experimental thrombosis. Remarkably, we observed that both inhibitors abolished the platelet-mediated formation of NETs in vitro. Dipetalodipin and triplatin significantly increased carotid artery occlusion time in a FeCl3-induced injury model. Treatment with TXA2-binding proteins also protected mice from lethal pulmonary thromboembolism evoked by the intravenous injection of collagen and epinephrine. Effective antithrombotic doses of dipetalodipin and triplatin did not increase blood loss, which was estimated using the tail transection method. Conclusions/Significance Salivary TXA2-binding proteins, dipetalodipin and triplatin, are capable to prevent platelet-mediated NETs formation in vitro. This ability may contribute to the antithrombotic effects in vivo. Notably, both molecules inhibit arterial thrombosis without promoting excessive bleeding. Our results provide new insight into the antihemostatic effects of TXA2-binding proteins and may have important significance in elucidating the mechanisms of saliva to avoid host’s hemostatic responses and innate immune system. Chagas disease is transmitted by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. The main form of transmission in endemic areas involves a life cycle in which blood-sucking triatomine vectors get infected by biting an infected animal or person. The saliva of blood-feeding arthropods contains a remarkable diversity of molecules that target the hemostatic and immune systems of the host. Thus, the systematic study and characterization of salivary proteins constitutes a strategy for identifying new exogenous compounds that may serve as prototypes for development of new drugs as well as strategies for vector control. Our group has studied the antihemostatic and antithrombotic properties of several exogenous inhibitors. In this report we demonstrated that the TXA2-binding proteins, dipetalodipin and triplatin, impair platelet-assisted formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs have been described as web-like structures of DNA and proteins that play an important role in killing of pathogens. In addition, NETs have been recently implicated in thrombus formation. According to this, we demonstrate here that dipetalodipin and triplatin exhibit antithrombotic activity in two distinct in vivo mice models that are highly dependent on platelets. Remarkably, both molecules inhibited thrombosis without promoting excessive bleeding. Altogether, our results provide new insight into the antihemostatic effects of TXA2-binding proteins and may help to elucidate the mechanisms of saliva to avoid host’s hemostatic responses and innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella M. Mizurini
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorgeane S. Aslan
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tainá Gomes
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dongying Ma
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research (LMVR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ivo M. B. Francischetti
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research (LMVR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robson Q. Monteiro
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Mezger M, Göbel K, Kraft P, Meuth SG, Kleinschnitz C, Langer HF. Platelets and vascular inflammation of the brain. Hamostaseologie 2015; 35:244-51. [PMID: 25987266 DOI: 10.5482/hamo-14-11-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED There is emerging evidence that platelets have an important role in inflammation beyond their involvement in hemostasis. Platelets can contribute to inflammatory reactions via crosstalk both with immune cells and endothelial cells. Inflamed vessels are characterized by the presence of activated endothelial cells. These activated endothelial cells upregulate receptors necessary for leukocyte recruitment, but also for the adhesion of platelets. Subsequently, immune cells can bind to platelets through adhesion receptors presented on the platelet surface, thus supporting leukocyte recruitment to the vessel wall. There are several neurological diseases associated with vascular inflammation including multiple sclerosis (MS) and stroke. Increased markers of platelet activation could be demonstrated in patients suffering from MS compared to healthy individuals. Reports from murine models indicate that platelets may be of importance for disease progression and severity by mediating leukocyte recruitment as one potential underlying mechanism. Blocking platelet function disease severity was considerably ameliorated. Moreover, processes of tissue remodelling may be influenced by platelet derived mediators. Whether a role of platelets for vascular inflammation can be extrapolated to further neurological diseases will have to be investigated in further in depth experimental and clinical trials. CONCLUSION Platelets and platelet associated mechanisms may offer novel starting points to understand neurovascular diseases from a different point of view and to develop novel approaches to access the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - H F Langer
- Harald Langer, MD Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany, E-mail:
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Dewitte A, Tanga A, Villeneuve J, Lepreux S, Ouattara A, Desmoulière A, Combe C, Ripoche J. New frontiers for platelet CD154. Exp Hematol Oncol 2015; 4:6. [PMID: 25763299 PMCID: PMC4355125 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-015-0001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of platelets extends beyond hemostasis. The pivotal role of platelets in inflammation has shed new light on the natural history of conditions associated with acute or chronic inflammation. Beyond the preservation of vascular integrity, platelets are essential to tissue homeostasis and platelet-derived products are already used in the clinics. Unanticipated was the role of platelets in the adaptative immune response, allowing a renewed conceptual approach of auto-immune diseases. Platelets are also important players in cancer growth and dissemination. Platelets fulfill most of their functions through the expression of still incompletely characterized membrane-bound or soluble mediators. Among them, CD154 holds a peculiar position, as platelets represent a major source of CD154 and as CD154 contributes to most of these new platelet attributes. Here, we provide an overview of some of the new frontiers that the study of platelet CD154 is opening, in inflammation, tissue homeostasis, immune response, hematopoiesis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Dewitte
- INSERM U1026, and Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France ; Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation II, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Annabelle Tanga
- INSERM U1026, and Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Villeneuve
- Cell and Developmental Biology Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation, 08003 Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200 USA
| | | | - Alexandre Ouattara
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation II, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | | | - Christian Combe
- INSERM U1026, and Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France ; Service de Néphrologie Transplantation Dialyse, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean Ripoche
- INSERM U1026, and Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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38
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Nair M, Maria JM, Agudelo M, Yndart A, Vargas-Rivera ME. Platelets Contribute to BBB Disruption Induced by HIV and Alcohol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 3:182. [PMID: 26501067 PMCID: PMC4612493 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6488.1000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The role of platelets in the neurological diseases that underlie cognitive impairment has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Multiple pathways in platelets contribute to host defenses, as well as to CNS function. In the current study, we hypothesize that the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) is disrupted when exposed to platelets from patients with triple Co-morbidity (hazardous alcohol users+ HIV+ thrombocytopenia), compared to those with dual, single or no morbidity (HIV only, alcohol only or healthy controls).
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavan Nair
- Professor and Chair, Institute of Neuro-Immune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jose Mb Maria
- Professor, School of Integrated Health and Science, Department of Art and Science, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Marisela Agudelo
- Institute of Neuro-Immune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Adriana Yndart
- Institute of Neuro-Immune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mayra E Vargas-Rivera
- School of Integrated Science and Humanity, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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39
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Are polymorphisms of the immunoregulatory factor CD40LG implicated in acute transfusion reactions? Sci Rep 2014; 4:7239. [PMID: 25430087 PMCID: PMC5384113 DOI: 10.1038/srep07239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD40 ligand (CD40L/CD154), a member of TNF superfamily, is notably expressed on activated CD4+ T-cells and stimulated platelets. CD40L is linked to a variety of pathologies and to acute transfusion reactions (ATR). Mutations in this gene (CD40LG) lead to X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome. Some CD40LG polymorphisms are associated with variable protein expression. The rationale behind this study is that CD40L protein has been observed to be involved in ATR. We wondered whether genetic polymorphisms are implicated. We investigated genetic diversity in the CD40LG using DHPLC and capillary electrophoresis for screening and genotyping (n = 485 French and Tunisian blood donors). We identified significant difference in the CD40LG linkage pattern between the two populations. Variant minor alleles were significantly over-represented in Tunisian donors (P<0.0001 to 0.0270). We found higher heterogeneity in the Tunisian, including three novel low frequency variants. As there was not a particular pattern of CD40LG in single apheresis donors whose platelet components induced an ATR, we discuss how this information may be useful for future disease association studies on CD40LG.
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40
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Starossom SC, Veremeyko T, Dukhinova M, Yung AWY, Ponomarev ED. Glatiramer acetate (copaxone) modulates platelet activation and inhibits thrombin-induced calcium influx: possible role of copaxone in targeting platelets during autoimmune neuroinflammation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96256. [PMID: 24788965 PMCID: PMC4008572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glatiramer acetate (GA, Copaxone, Copolymer-1) is an FDA approved drug for the treatment of MS and it is very effective in suppressing neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. Although this drug was designed to inhibit pathogenic T cells, the exact mechanism of EAE/MS suppression by GA is still not well understood. Previously we presented evidence that platelets become activated and promote neuroinflammation in EAE, suggesting a possible pathogenic role of platelets in MS and EAE. We hypothesized that GA could inhibit neuroinflammation by affecting not only immune cells but also platelets. Methodology/Principal Findings We investigated the effect of GA on the activation of human platelets in vitro: calcium influx, platelet aggregation and expression of activation markers. Our results in human platelets were confirmed by in-vitro and in-vivo studies of modulation of functions of platelets in mouse model. We found that GA inhibited thrombin-induced calcium influx in human and mouse platelets. GA also decreased thrombin-induced CD31, CD62P, CD63, and active form of αIIbβ3 integrin surface expression and formation of platelet aggregates for both mouse and human platelets, and prolonged the bleeding time in mice by 2.7-fold. In addition, we found that GA decreased the extent of macrophage activation induced by co-culture of macrophages with platelets. Conclusions GA inhibited the activation of platelets, which suggests a new mechanism of GA action in suppression of EAE/MS by targeting platelets and possibly preventing their interaction with immune cells such as macrophages. Furthermore, the reduction in platelet activation by GA may have additional cardiovascular benefits to prevent thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Starossom
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Institute for Medical Immunology and NeuroCure, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatyana Veremeyko
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Marina Dukhinova
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Amanda W. Y. Yung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Eugene D. Ponomarev
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
- * E-mail:
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41
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Garraud O, Hamzeh-Cognasse H, Laradi S, Cognasse F. Paths to Understand and to Limit Inflammation in Transfusions. EUR J INFLAMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1401200119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfusion is generally very safe. However, in a small number of cases, it leads to mild and even serious - life-threatening - hazards (most often after platelet component transfusion). In cases where no preventable accident happens (that exclude infection, chain error, malpractice, antigen-antibody conflict), the symptomatology resembles inflammation. The present essay reports on the causes of inflammation in transfusion and in which way one may intervene on the different steps of the process -from donor to patient - to limit such incidents/accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Garraud
- EA3064, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Loire, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - S. Laradi
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Loire, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - F. Cognasse
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Loire, Saint-Etienne, France
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42
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Langer HF, Weber C, Gawaz M. The platelet--thrombosis and beyond. Thromb Haemost 2013; 110:857-8. [PMID: 24108387 DOI: 10.1160/th13-09-0805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H F Langer
- Harald F. Langer, MD, Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Clinic of Tuebingen, Ottfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany, E-mail:
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