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Napiórkowska-Baran K, Doligalska A, Drozd M, Czarnowska M, Łaszczych D, Dolina M, Szymczak B, Schmidt O, Bartuzi Z. Management of a Patient with Cardiovascular Disease Should Include Assessment of Primary and Secondary Immunodeficiencies: Part 2-Secondary Immunodeficiencies. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1977. [PMID: 39408157 PMCID: PMC11477378 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12191977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are among the most common chronic diseases, generating high social and economic costs. Secondary immunodeficiencies occur more often than primary ones and may result from the co-occurrence of specific diseases, treatment, nutrient deficiencies and non-nutritive bio-active compounds that result from the industrial nutrient practices. OBJECTIVES The aim of this article is to present selected secondary immunodeficiencies and their impact on the cardiovascular system. RESULTS The treatment of a patient with cardiovascular disease should include an assess-ment for immunodeficiencies, because the immune and cardiovascular systems are closely linked. CONCLUSIONS Immune system dysfunctions can significantly affect the course of cardiovascular diseases and their treatment. For this reason, comprehensive care for a patient with cardiovascular disease requires taking into account potential immunodeficiencies, which can have a significant impact on the patient's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Napiórkowska-Baran
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Agata Doligalska
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.D.); (M.D.); (M.C.); (D.Ł.); (M.D.); (B.S.); (O.S.)
| | - Magdalena Drozd
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.D.); (M.D.); (M.C.); (D.Ł.); (M.D.); (B.S.); (O.S.)
| | - Marta Czarnowska
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.D.); (M.D.); (M.C.); (D.Ł.); (M.D.); (B.S.); (O.S.)
| | - Dariusz Łaszczych
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.D.); (M.D.); (M.C.); (D.Ł.); (M.D.); (B.S.); (O.S.)
| | - Marcin Dolina
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.D.); (M.D.); (M.C.); (D.Ł.); (M.D.); (B.S.); (O.S.)
| | - Bartłomiej Szymczak
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.D.); (M.D.); (M.C.); (D.Ł.); (M.D.); (B.S.); (O.S.)
| | - Oskar Schmidt
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.D.); (M.D.); (M.C.); (D.Ł.); (M.D.); (B.S.); (O.S.)
| | - Zbigniew Bartuzi
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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Xiong C, Yu Q, Gao F, Liu S, Zhang J, Ma T, Liu S. Prognostic significance of IL-18 in acute coronary syndrome patients. Clin Cardiol 2024; 47:e24229. [PMID: 38402570 PMCID: PMC10823553 DOI: 10.1002/clc.24229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After acute coronary syndrome (ACS), inflammation aids healing but may harm the heart. Interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-1β are pivotal proinflammatory cytokines released during pyroptosis, a process that initiates and sustains inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of circulating IL-18 and IL-1β during the progression of ACS and to determine their association with subsequent clinical events in ACS patients. HYPOTHESIS Circulating levels of IL-18 and IL-1β are associated with subsequent clinical events in ACS patients. METHODS Employing immunoassays, we examined plasma levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in 159 ACS patients and matched them with 159 healthy controls. The primary composite endpoint included recurrent unstable angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure exacerbation, stroke, or cardiovascular death. RESULTS ACS patients exhibited a significant increase in plasma IL-18 levels, measuring 6.36 [4.46-9.88] × 102 pg/mL, in contrast to the control group with levels at 4.04 [3.21-4.94] × 102 pg/mL (p < 0.001). Conversely, plasma levels of IL-1β remained unchanged compared to the control group. Following a 25-month follow-up, IL-18 levels exceeding the median remained an important prognostic factor for adverse clinical events in ACS patients (hazard ratio = 2.37, 95% confidence interval: 1.14-4.91, p = 0.021). Besides, IL-18 displayed a nonlinear association with adverse clinical events (p nonlinear = 0.044). Subgroup analysis revealed that the correlation between IL-18 and the risk of adverse clinical events was not significantly affected by factors such as age, sex, history of diabetes, smoking, Gensini score, or ACS type (all p interaction >0.05). CONCLUSION IL-18 appears to hold potential as a predictive marker for anticipating clinical outcomes in patients with ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchun Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Qiaoting Yu
- Shengli Clinical Medical CollegeFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Shengli Clinical Medical CollegeFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Song Liu
- Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Tianyi Ma
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Suifeng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
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Koenig W, Sager HB. Inflammation and cardiovascular disease: new epidemiologic data and their potential implications for anti-cytokine therapy. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:1728-1730. [PMID: 37494726 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Koenig
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstr, 36, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Pettenkoferstr. 8a &9, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Hendrik B Sager
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstr, 36, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Pettenkoferstr. 8a &9, 80336 Munich, Germany
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4
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Jia X, Buckley L, Sun C, Al Rifai M, Yu B, Nambi V, Virani SS, Selvin E, Matsushita K, Hoogeveen RC, Coresh J, Shah AM, Ballantyne CM. Association of interleukin-6 and interleukin-18 with cardiovascular disease in older adults: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:1731-1740. [PMID: 37306504 PMCID: PMC10637765 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), important cytokines implicated in atherosclerosis and inflammaging, were assessed for associations with global cardiovascular disease (CVD), atrial fibrillation (AF), and death in older adults. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants from Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study Visit 5 (mean age 75.4 ± 5.1 years) with IL-6 and IL-18 measurements were included (n = 5672). Cox regression models were used to assess associations of IL-6 and IL-18 with coronary heart disease (CHD), ischaemic stroke, heart failure (HF) hospitalization, global CVD (composite of CHD, stroke, and HF), AF, and all-cause death. Over a median follow-up of 7.2 years, there were 1235 global CVD events, 530 AF events, and 1173 deaths. Higher IL-6 [hazard ratio (HR) 1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.44-1.72 per log unit increase] and IL-18 (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.26) were significantly associated with global CVD after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Association between IL-6 and global CVD remained significant after further adjustment for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT) but was no longer significant for IL-18 after further adjustments. Interleukin-6 was also associated with increased risk for CHD, HF, and AF after adjustment for covariates. Both IL-6 and IL-18 were associated with increased risk for all-cause death independent of cardiovascular risk factors and other biomarkers. CONCLUSION Among older adults, both IL-6 and IL-18 were associated with global CVD and death. The association between IL-6 with CVD appears to be more robust and was independent of hs-CRP, NT-proBNP, and hs-TnT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Jia
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM285, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Leo Buckley
- Department of Pharmacy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline Sun
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM285, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mahmoud Al Rifai
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM285, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vijay Nambi
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM285, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Salim S Virani
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM285, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kunihiro Matsushita
- Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ron C Hoogeveen
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM285, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amil M Shah
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christie M Ballantyne
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS BCM285, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Namous H, Krueger C, Cheng Y, Melo PHC, Peppas A, Kaluza GL, Stoffregen WC, Reed J, Khatib H, Granada JF. Longitudinal dynamics of circulating miRNAs in a swine model of familial hypercholesterolemia during early atherosclerosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19355. [PMID: 37935844 PMCID: PMC10630391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex progressive disease involving intertwined biological mechanisms. We aimed to identify miRNA expression dynamics at the early stages of atherosclerosis using a large swine model (Wisconsin Miniature Swine, WMS). A total of 18 female pigs; 9 familial hypercholesterolemic (WMS-FH) and 9 normal control swine (WMS-N) were studied. miRNA sequencing was performed on plasma cell-free RNA at 3, 6, and 9 months of age. RT-qPCR validated DE miRNAs in a new cohort of animals (n = 30) with both sexes. Gene ontology and mRNA targets for DE miRNAs were identified. In vivo multimodality imaging and histopathology were performed to document the presence of atherosclerosis at termination. 20, 19, and 9 miRNAs were significantly DE between the groups at months 3, 6, and 9, respectively. Most DE miRNAs and their target genes are involved in human atherosclerosis development. Coronary atherosclerosis was documented in 7/9 WMS-FH pigs. Control animals had no lesions. miR-138, miR-152, miR-190a, and miR-196a showed a significant diagnostic power at month 3, whereas miR-486, miR-126-3p, miR-335, and miR-423-5p were of significant diagnostic power at month 9. In conclusion, specific DE miRNAs with significant discriminatory power may be promising biomarkers for the early detection of coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadjer Namous
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Christian Krueger
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Yanping Cheng
- Skirball Center for Innovation, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, 1700 Broadway, 9th Floor, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Pedro H C Melo
- Skirball Center for Innovation, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, 1700 Broadway, 9th Floor, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Athanasios Peppas
- Skirball Center for Innovation, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, 1700 Broadway, 9th Floor, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Grzegorz L Kaluza
- Skirball Center for Innovation, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, 1700 Broadway, 9th Floor, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | | | - Jess Reed
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Hasan Khatib
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Juan F Granada
- Skirball Center for Innovation, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, 1700 Broadway, 9th Floor, New York, NY, 10019, USA.
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Maloberti A, Intravaia RCM, Mancusi C, Cesaro A, Golia E, Ilaria F, Coletta S, Merlini P, De Chiara B, Bernasconi D, Algeri M, Ossola P, Ciampi C, Riccio A, Tognola C, Ardissino M, Inglese E, Scaglione F, Calabrò P, De Luca N, Giannattasio C. Secondary Prevention and Extreme Cardiovascular Risk Evaluation (SEVERE-1), Focus on Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors: The Study Protocol. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2023; 30:573-583. [PMID: 38030852 PMCID: PMC10721661 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-023-00607-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite significant improvement in secondary CardioVascular (CV) preventive strategies, some acute and chronic coronary syndrome (ACS and CCS) patients will suffer recurrent events (also called "extreme CV risk"). Recently new biochemical markers, such as uric acid (UA), lipoprotein A [Lp(a)] and several markers of inflammation, have been described to be associated with CV events recurrence. The SEcondary preVention and Extreme cardiovascular Risk Evaluation (SEVERE-1) study will accurately characterize extreme CV risk patients enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs. AIM Our aims will be to describe the prevalence of extreme CV risk and its association with newly described biochemical CV risk factors. AIM Our aims will be to describe the prevalence of extreme CV risk and its association with newly described biochemical CV risk factors. METHODS We will prospectively enrol 730 ACS/CCS patients at the beginning of a CR program. Extreme CV risk will be retrospectively defined as the presence of a previous (within 2 years) CV events in the patients' clinical history. UA, Lp(a) and inflammatory markers (interleukin-6 and -18, tumor necrosis factor alpha, C-reactive protein, calprotectin and osteoprotegerin) will be assessed in ACS/CCS patients with extreme CV risk and compared with those without extreme CV risk but also with two control groups: 1180 hypertensives and 765 healthy subjects. The association between these biomarkers and extreme CV risk will be assessed with a multivariable model and two scoring systems will be created for an accurate identification of extreme CV risk patients. The first one will use only clinical variables while the second one will introduce the biochemical markers. Finally, by exome sequencing we will both evaluate polygenic risk score ability to predict recurrent events and perform mendellian randomization analysis on CV biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Our study proposal was granted by the European Union PNRR M6/C2 call. With this study we will give definitive data on extreme CV risk prevalence rising attention on this condition and leading cardiologist to do a better diagnosis and to carry out a more intensive treatment optimization that will finally leads to a reduction of future ACS recurrence. This will be even more important for cardiologists working in CR that is a very important place for CV risk definition and therapies refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Maloberti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy.
- Cardiology 4, Cardio Center, ASST GOM Niguarda, Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20159, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Costantino Mancusi
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Federico II° University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Enrica Golia
- S. Anna e S. Sebastiano Hospital, Caserta, Italy
| | - Fucile Ilaria
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Federico II° University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Piera Merlini
- Cardiology 4, Cardio Center, ASST GOM Niguarda, Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20159, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta De Chiara
- Cardiology 4, Cardio Center, ASST GOM Niguarda, Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20159, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Bernasconi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
- Clinical Research and Innovation, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Algeri
- Cardiology 4, Cardio Center, ASST GOM Niguarda, Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20159, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ossola
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Ciampi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alfonso Riccio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Tognola
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
- Cardiology 4, Cardio Center, ASST GOM Niguarda, Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20159, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Ardissino
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elvira Inglese
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, ASST "Grande Ospedale Metropolitano" Niguarda, 20162, Milan, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Scaglione
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, ASST "Grande Ospedale Metropolitano" Niguarda, 20162, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nicola De Luca
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Federico II° University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Giannattasio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
- Cardiology 4, Cardio Center, ASST GOM Niguarda, Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20159, Milan, Italy
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Han D, Chen R, Kan H, Xu Y. The bio-distribution, clearance pathways, and toxicity mechanisms of ambient ultrafine particles. ECO-ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (ONLINE) 2023; 2:95-106. [PMID: 38074989 PMCID: PMC10702920 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Ambient particles severely threaten human health worldwide. Compared to larger particles, ultrafine particles (UFPs) are highly concentrated in ambient environments, have a larger specific surface area, and are retained for a longer time in the lung. Recent studies have found that they can be transported into various extra-pulmonary organs by crossing the air-blood barrier (ABB). Therefore, to understand the adverse effects of UFPs, it is crucial to thoroughly investigate their bio-distribution and clearance pathways in vivo after inhalation, as well as their toxicological mechanisms. This review highlights emerging evidence on the bio-distribution of UFPs in pulmonary and extra-pulmonary organs. It explores how UFPs penetrate the ABB, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and the placental barrier (PB) and subsequently undergo clearance by the liver, kidney, or intestine. In addition, the potential underlying toxicological mechanisms of UFPs are summarized, providing fundamental insights into how UFPs induce adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Han
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanyi Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Old and New Aspects of H. pylori-Associated Inflammation and Gastric Cancer. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9071083. [PMID: 35884067 PMCID: PMC9322908 DOI: 10.3390/children9071083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
H. pylori is involved in the development of 80% of gastric cancers and 5.5% of all malignant conditions worldwide. Its persistence within the host’s stomach causes chronic inflammation, which is a well-known hallmark of carcinogenesis. A wide range of cytokines was reported to be involved in the initiation and long-term persistence of this local and systemic inflammation. IL-8 was among the first cytokines described to be increased in patients with H. pylori infection. Although, this cytokine was initially identified to exert a chemoattracting effect that represents a trigger for the activation of inflammatory cells within H.-pylori-infected mucosa, more recent studies failed in encountering any association between IL-8 and H. pylori infection. IL-6 is a multifunctional, pleiotropic and multipotent cytokine involved in mediating the interaction between innate and adaptive immunity with a dichotomous role acting as both a proinflammatory and an anti-inflammatory cytokine depending on the signaling pathway. IL-1α functions as a promoter of angiogenesis and vascular endothelial cell proliferation in gastric carcinoma since it is closely related to H.-pylori-induced inflammation in children. IL-1β is an essential trigger and enhancer of inflammation. The association between a low IL-1β level and an increased TNF-α level might be considered a risk factor for peptic ulcer disease in the setting of H. pylori infection. IL-10 downregulates both cytotoxic inflammatory responses and cell-mediated immune responses. H. pylori uses the immunosuppressive role of IL-10 to favor its escape from the host’s immune system. TGFβ is a continuous inflammatory mediator that promotes the adherence of H. pylori to the host’s cells and their subsequent colonization. The role of H.-pylori-induced inflammatory responses in the onset of gastric carcinogenesis seems to represent the missing puzzle piece for designing effective preventive and therapeutic strategies in patients with H.-pylori-associated gastric cancer.
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Niazi SA, Bakhsh A. Association between Endodontic Infection, Its Treatment and Systemic Health: A Narrative Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:931. [PMID: 35888650 PMCID: PMC9319780 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The 'Focal Infection Era in Dentistry' in the late 19th and early 20th century resulted in widespread implementation of tooth extraction and limited the progress of endodontics. The theory proposed that bacteria and toxins entrapped in dentinal tubules could disseminate systemically to remote body parts, resulting in many types of degenerative systemic diseases. This theory was eventually refuted due to anecdotal evidence. However, lately there has been increased interest in investigating whether endodontic disease could have an impact on general health. There are reviews that have previously been carried out on this subject, but as new data have emerged since then, this review aims to appraise the available literature investigating the dynamic associations between apical periodontitis, endodontic treatment, and systemic health. The available evidence regarding focal infection theory, bacteraemia and inflammatory markers was appraised. The review also collated the available research arguing the associations of apical periodontitis with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, adverse pregnancy outcome and autoimmune disorders, along with the effect of statins and immunomodulators on apical periodontitis prevalence and endodontic treatment prognosis. There is emerging evidence that bacteraemia and low-grade systemic inflammation associated with apical periodontitis may negatively impact systemic health, e.g., development of cardiovascular diseases, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and diabetic metabolic dyscontrol. However, there is limited information supporting the effect of diabetes mellitus or autoimmune disorders on the prevalence and prognosis post endodontic treatment. Furthermore, convincing evidence supports that successful root canal treatment has a beneficial impact on systemic health by reducing the inflammatory burden, thereby dismissing the misconceptions of focal infection theory. Although compelling evidence regarding the association between apical periodontitis and systemic health is present, further high-quality research is required to support and establish the benefits of endodontic treatment on systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Ambreen Niazi
- Department of Endodontics, Centre of Oral Clinical & Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Guy’s Dental Hospital, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Abdulaziz Bakhsh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia;
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Laukkanen JA, Kurl S, Voutilainen A, Mäkikallio T, Kunutsor SK. Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Inflammation, and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death in Middle-Aged Men. Am J Cardiol 2022; 174:166-171. [PMID: 35483978 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are each independently related to the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). The interplay between CRF, inflammation and SCD is not well understood. We aimed to study the separate and joint associations of inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP]) and CRF with SCD risk in a cohort of Caucasian men. In 1,749 men aged 42 to 61 years without a history of coronary heart disease at baseline, serum hsCRP was measured using an immunometric assay, and CRF was assessed using a respiratory gas exchange analyzer during exercise testing. hsCRP was categorized as normal and high (≤3 and >3 mg/L, respectively) and CRF as low and high (median cutoff). A total of 148 SCD events occurred during a median follow-up of 28.9 years. Comparing high versus normal hsCRP, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for SCD was 1.65 (1.11 to 2.45), which remained similar on further adjustment for CRF 1.62 (1.09 to 2.40). Comparing high versus low CRF, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for SCD was 0.61 (0.42 to 0.89), which remained persistent after adjustment for hsCRP 0.64 (0.44 to 0.93). Compared with normal hsCRP-low CRF, normal hsCRP-high CRF was associated with a decreased SCD risk of 0.65 (0.43 to 0.99), high hsCRP-low CRF was associated with an increased SCD risk of 1.72 (1.10 to 2.69), with no evidence of a relationship between high hsCRP-high CRF and SCD risk 0.86 (0.39 to 1.88). Positive additive and multiplicative interactions were found between hsCRP and CRF. In a middle-aged Finnish male population, both hsCRP and CRF are independently associated with SCD risk. However, high CRF levels appear to offset the increased SCD risk related to high hsCRP levels.
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11
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Yang Z, Loy J, Poirson B, Dai Y, Rajendran S, Xu S, Spires V, Gururajan M, Lin Z, Arbanas J, Carl S, Pace S, Wang Y, Mehl J, Vasudevan K, Spires T, Novosiadly R, Coker S, Perez R, Covello K, Morin P, Graziano R, Broz M, Lehman-McKeeman L. Application of Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling to Bridge Mouse Antitumor Efficacy and Monkey Toxicology Data for Determining the Therapeutic Index of an Interleukin-10 Fc Fusion Protein. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:829063. [PMID: 35795558 PMCID: PMC9251408 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.829063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling was performed to quantitatively integrate preclinical pharmacology and toxicology data for determining the therapeutic index (TI) of an interleukin-10 (IL-10) fragment crystallizable (Fc) fusion protein. Mouse Fc fused with mouse IL-10 (mFc-mIL-10) was studied in mice for antitumor efficacy, and the elevation of interleukin-18 (IL-18) was examined as a PD biomarker. The in vivo mFc-mIL-10 EC50 for the IL-18 induction was estimated to be 2.4 nM, similar to the in vitro receptor binding affinity (Kd) of 3.2 nM. The IL-18 induction was further evaluated in cynomolgus monkeys, where the in vivo induction EC50 by a human IL-10 human Fc-fusion protein (hFc-hIL-10) was 0.08 nM vs. 0.3 nM measured as the in vitro Kd. The extent of the IL-18 induction correlated with mouse antitumor efficacy and was used to connect mouse efficacy to that in monkeys. The PD-based efficacious dose projected in monkeys was comparable to the results obtained using a PK-based method in which mouse efficacious exposure was targeted and corrected for affinity differences between the species. Furthermore, PK/PD relationships were developed for anemia and thrombocytopenia in monkeys treated with hFc-hIL-10, with thrombocytopenia predicted to be dose-limiting toxicity. Using quantitative pharmacology and toxicology information obtained through modeling work in the same species, the TI of hFc-hIL-10 in monkeys was determined to be 2.4 (vs. PD-based efficacy) and 1.2–3 (vs. PK-based efficacy), indicating a narrow safety margin. The model-based approaches were proven valuable to the developability assessment of the IL-10 Fc-fusion protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Zheng Yang,
| | - James Loy
- Discovery Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Brian Poirson
- Discovery Oncology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Yanshan Dai
- Nonclinical Disposition and Bioanalysis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Surendran Rajendran
- Nonclinical Disposition and Bioanalysis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Shihua Xu
- Nonclinical Disposition and Bioanalysis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Vanessa Spires
- Discovery Oncology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Murali Gururajan
- Discovery Oncology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Zheng Lin
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Jaren Arbanas
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Stephen Carl
- Discovery Pharmaceutics and Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Samantha Pace
- Discovery Pharmaceutics and Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Yun Wang
- Discovery Pharmaceutics and Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - John Mehl
- Discovery Pharmaceutics and Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Krishna Vasudevan
- Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Thomas Spires
- Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Ruslan Novosiadly
- Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Shodeinde Coker
- Oncology Early Clinical Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Raymond Perez
- Oncology Early Clinical Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Kelly Covello
- Oncology Early Clinical Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Paul Morin
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Robert Graziano
- Discovery Oncology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Miranda Broz
- Discovery Oncology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA, United States
| | - Lois Lehman-McKeeman
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States
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12
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Kasprzak Ł, Twardawa M, Formanowicz P, Formanowicz D. The Mutual Contribution of 3-NT, IL-18, Albumin, and Phosphate Foreshadows Death of Hemodialyzed Patients in a 2-Year Follow-Up. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020355. [PMID: 35204237 PMCID: PMC8868576 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially those who are hemodialyzed (HD), are at significantly high risk of contracting cardiovascular disease and having increased mortality. This study aimed to find potential death predictors, the measurement of which may reflect increased mortality in HD patients, and then combine the most promising ones in frames of a simple death risk assessment model. For this purpose, HD patients (n=71) with acute myocardial infarction in the last year (HD group) and healthy people (control group) as a comparative group (n=32) were included in the study. Various laboratory determinations and non-invasive cardiovascular tests were performed. Next, patients were followed for two years, and data on cardiovascular (CV) deaths were collected. On this basis, two HD groups were formed: patients who survived (HD-A, n=51) and patients who died (HD-D, n=20). To model HD mortality, 21 out of 90 potential variables collected or calculated from the raw data were selected. The best explanatory power (95.5%) was reached by a general linear model with four variables: interleukin 18, 3-nitrotyrosine, albumin, and phosphate. The interplay between immuno-inflammatory processes, nitrosative and oxidative stress, malnutrition, and calcium-phosphate disorders has been indicated to be essential in predicting CV-related mortality in studied HD patients. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05214872.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kasprzak
- Department of Nephrology with Dialysis Unit, Provincial Hospital in Leszno, 64-100 Leszno, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Twardawa
- Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; (M.T.); (P.F.)
- ICT Security Department, Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center Affiliated to the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-139 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Formanowicz
- Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; (M.T.); (P.F.)
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Formanowicz
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
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13
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Lin G, Chen W, Dai C, Xu K. The Significance of Apolipoprotein-A in the Long-Term Death of Patients with STEMI. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:5941117. [PMID: 35075388 PMCID: PMC8783729 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5941117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze apolipoprotein-A for its predictive value for long-term death in individuals suffering from acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction following percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS We selected patients suffering from acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who underwent emergency PCI at the Affiliated Hospital of Putian University from January 2017 to August 2019. The patients were divided into a high-Apo-A group and low-Apo-A group, and we observed all-cause deaths of patients in the 2 groups within 2 years. RESULTS The ROC curve analysis indicated the best critical value for predicting 2-year mortality as 0.8150 (area under the curve was 0.626, sensitivity 75.1%, and specificity 51.9%). There was no statistical difference among the two groups in gender, age, lesion vessel, and comorbidities. The two groups had statistically significant differences in apolipoprotein-B/A, high-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein-A, and hypersensitivity C-reactive protein. Correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between apolipoprotein-A and hypersensitive C-reactive protein. The results of the 24-month analysis indicated the incidence of all-cause mortality as higher in the low-Apo-A group, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed the same trend. CONCLUSION Apolipoprotein-A can predict the potential for long-term mortality among individuals having acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Caizhi Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Kaizu Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China
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14
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Guo M, Du C, Li B, Yao R, Tang Y, Jiang Y, Liu H, Su H, Zhou Y, Wang L, Yang X, Zhou M, Yu W. Reducing particulates in indoor air can improve the circulation and cardiorespiratory health of old people: A randomized, double-blind crossover trial of air filtration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149248. [PMID: 34325134 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to indoor air particulate pollution increases respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, especially in the elderly. To assess a short-term, indoor air filtration's potential benefit on circulatory and cardiopulmonary health among healthy older people, a randomized, double-blind crossover trial was conducted with 24 healthy residents of an aged-care center in Chongqing, China in 2020. Each room received a high-efficiency particulate air filter air purifier and a placebo air purifier for two days. Fifteen circulatory system biomarkers of inflammation, coagulation, and oxidative stress; lung function; blood pressure (BP); heart rate (HR) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were measured end of each two days. Indoor air particulate pollution was monitored throughout the study period. Linear mixed-effect models were used to associate health outcome variables with indoor particles. This intervention study demonstrated that air filtration was associated with significantly decreased concentrations of inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers, but not of biomarkers of oxidative stress and lung function. Just 48 h of air filtration can improve the cardiopulmonary health of the elderly. Air purifiers may be a public health measure that can be taken to improve circulatory and cardiopulmonary health among older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Guo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenqiu Du
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baizhan Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Runming Yao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuping Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjie Su
- Department of Physical Examination Center, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Yixi Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lexiang Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Lab of Environmental Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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15
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Aghajani R, Saeidi M, Amiriani T, Marjani M, Marjani A. Age- and Gender-Related Serum Level of Interleukin 18 in Iranian Fars Ethnic Group with Metabolic Syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2021; 20:43-49. [PMID: 34724802 DOI: 10.1089/met.2021.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the age- and gender-related serum level of interleukin 18 (IL18) in male and female Iranian Fars ethnic group with metabolic syndrome components. Methods: The study included 226 native Iranian Fars ethnic groups. One hundred sixteen females and 110 men were selected. There were 60 females and 50 males with metabolic syndrome and 56 females and 60 males without metabolic syndrome. The serum fasting blood glucose (FBS), lipid profiles, and IL18 were measured. The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult treatment Panel III criteria were used to determine metabolic syndrome components. Results: There were significant differences between the males and females [except high-density lipoprotein (HDL)] with and without metabolic syndrome for the mean body mass index, FBS, HDL-cholesterol, waist circumference (WC), triglyceride (TG), and IL18 levels in all age groups. Serum IL18 was the highest in males and females in age groups 61-70 and 41-50 years with metabolic syndrome, respectively. Serum IL18 levels significantly correlated with TG and waist WC in males (and also correlated with HDL) and females with the metabolic syndrome. There were significant correlations between IL18 and TG and WC in males (and also correlated with HDL) in ages 61-70 years and females in ages 41-50 years with the metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: The increased IL18 level in both gender and different ages may have an important role in the alteration of some metabolic syndrome components. These alterations may be made to happen in different related metabolic diseases. IL18 seems to be a useful biomarker for the management of metabolic syndrome components and the risk factors of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roja Aghajani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Saeidi
- Department of Immunology, Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan Province, Iran
| | - Taghi Amiriani
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Majid Marjani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Abdoljalal Marjani
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan Province, Iran
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16
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Reina-Couto M, Pereira-Terra P, Quelhas-Santos J, Silva-Pereira C, Albino-Teixeira A, Sousa T. Inflammation in Human Heart Failure: Major Mediators and Therapeutic Targets. Front Physiol 2021; 12:746494. [PMID: 34707513 PMCID: PMC8543018 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.746494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been recognized as a major pathophysiological contributor to the entire spectrum of human heart failure (HF), including HF with reduced ejection fraction, HF with preserved ejection fraction, acute HF and cardiogenic shock. Nevertheless, the results of several trials attempting anti-inflammatory strategies in HF patients have not been consistent or motivating and the clinical implementation of anti-inflammatory treatments for HF still requires larger and longer trials, as well as novel and/or more specific drugs. The present work reviews the different inflammatory mechanisms contributing to each type of HF, the major inflammatory mediators involved, namely tumor necrosis factor alpha, the interleukins 1, 6, 8, 10, 18, and 33, C-reactive protein and the enzymes myeloperoxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and their effects on heart function. Furthermore, several trials targeting these mediators or involving other anti-inflammatory treatments in human HF are also described and analyzed. Future therapeutic advances will likely involve tailored anti-inflammatory treatments according to the patient's inflammatory profile, as well as the development of resolution pharmacology aimed at stimulating resolution of inflammation pathways in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Reina-Couto
- Departamento de Biomedicina – Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pereira-Terra
- Departamento de Biomedicina – Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Janete Quelhas-Santos
- Departamento de Biomedicina – Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Silva-Pereira
- Departamento de Biomedicina – Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- Departamento de Biomedicina – Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Departamento de Biomedicina – Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
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17
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Bauer A, Zierer A, Gieger C, Büyüközkan M, Müller-Nurasyid M, Grallert H, Meisinger C, Strauch K, Prokisch H, Roden M, Peters A, Krumsiek J, Herder C, Koenig W, Thorand B, Huth C. Comparison of genetic risk prediction models to improve prediction of coronary heart disease in two large cohorts of the MONICA/KORA study. Genet Epidemiol 2021; 45:633-650. [PMID: 34082474 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It is still unclear how genetic information, provided as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), can be most effectively integrated into risk prediction models for coronary heart disease (CHD) to add significant predictive value beyond clinical risk models. For the present study, a population-based case-cohort was used as a trainingset (451 incident cases, 1488 noncases) and an independent cohort as testset (160 incident cases, 2749 noncases). The following strategies to quantify genetic information were compared: A weighted genetic risk score including Metabochip SNPs associated with CHD in the literature (GRSMetabo ); selection of the most predictive SNPs among these literature-confirmed variants using priority-Lasso (PLMetabo ); validation of two comprehensive polygenic risk scores: GRSGola based on Metabochip data, and GRSKhera (available in the testset only) based on cross-validated genome-wide genotyping data. We used Cox regression to assess associations with incident CHD. C-index, category-free net reclassification index (cfNRI) and relative integrated discrimination improvement (IDIrel ) were used to quantify the predictive performance of genetic information beyond Framingham risk score variables. In contrast to GRSMetabo and PLMetabo , GRSGola significantly improved the prediction (delta C-index [95% confidence interval]: 0.0087 [0.0044, 0.0130]; IDIrel : 0.0509 [0.0131, 0.0894]; cfNRI improved only in cases: 0.1761 [0.0253, 0.3219]). GRSKhera yielded slightly worse prediction results than GRSGola .
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Bauer
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Astrid Zierer
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner München-Neuherberg, München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mustafa Büyüközkan
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner München-Neuherberg, München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner München-Neuherberg, München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Epidemiology, LMU Munich, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.,Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner München-Neuherberg, München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Krumsiek
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Christian Herder
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner München-Neuherberg, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Huth
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner München-Neuherberg, München-Neuherberg, Germany
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18
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Bahrami A, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. The Role of Interleukin-18 in the Development and Progression of Atherosclerosis. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1757-1774. [PMID: 32338205 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200427095830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the cardiovascular system, is one of the leading causes of ischemic heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. There is growing evidence on the role of innate and adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Interleukin-18 is one of the novel proinflammatory cytokines involved in atherogenesis, atherosclerotic plaque instability and plaque rupture. In this review, we overview the findings of preclinical and clinical studies about the role and mechanism of action of IL-18 in the pathogenesis of AS, which could offer novel prognostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
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19
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Khandouzi N, Zahedmehr A, Nasrollahzadeh J. Effects of canola or olive oil on plasma lipids, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 and inflammatory cytokines in patients referred for coronary angiography. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:183. [PMID: 32795310 PMCID: PMC7427979 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential cardioprotective benefits of olive oil (OO) and canola oil (CO) consumption have been shown in some studies. The present study compared the effects of CO and OO on plasma lipids, some inflammatory cytokines, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) mass and activity in patients undergoing coronary angiography. METHODS The current randomized, controlled, parallel-arm, clinical trial involved 48 patients (44 men and 4 women, aged 57.63 ± 6.34 years) with at least one classic cardiovascular risk factor (hypertension, dyslipidemia, or diabetes) who referred for coronary angiography. Patients were randomly divided into two groups and received 25 mL/day refined olive oil (n = 24) or canola oil (n = 24) for 6 weeks. Plasma lipids, some selected inflammatory markers, and Lp-PLA2 levels were measured at baseline and after the intervention. RESULTS CO consumption produced a significant reduction in plasma Lp-PLA2 mass (- 0.97 ± 1.84 vs. 0.34 ± 1.57 ng/mL, p = 0.008 for CO and OO, respectively), whereas the mean changes in interleukine-6 concentration were significantly lower after OO consumption compared with CO (- 9.46 ± 9.46 vs. -0.90 ± 6.80 pg/mL, p = 0.008 for OO and CO, respectively). After 6 weeks of intervention, no significant changes were observed in plasma Lp-PLA2 activity, complement C3, C4, or lipid profiles in the two intervention groups. CONCLUSIONS Comparing the two vegetable oils in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors showed that the consumption of olive oil is more effective in reducing the level of inflammatory cytokine interleukine-6, whereas canola oil was more effective in lowering Lp-PLA2 levels; however, this finding should be interpreted with caution, because Lp-PLA2 activity did not change significantly. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT20160702028742N5 at www.irct.ir (04/19/2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Khandouzi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, National Nutrition, and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 7, Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., Qods Town, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zahedmehr
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical & Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Nasrollahzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, National Nutrition, and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 7, Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., Qods Town, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Abdel Moneim A, Suleiman HA, Mahmoud B, Mabrouk D, Zaky MY, Mahmoud B. Viral clearance ameliorates hematological and inflammatory markers among diabetic patients infected with hepatitis C genotype 4. Clin Exp Med 2020; 20:231-240. [PMID: 32076917 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-019-00605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The achievement of virological response in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) can improve the extrahepatic manifestations. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of HCV eradication after sofosbuvir/daclatasvir (SOF/DCV) therapy on hematological and inflammatory biomarkers in type 2 diabetic patients infected with HCV genotype 4. Between October 2017 and August 2018, among 145 patients with HCV genotype 4, 30 patients were enrolled in the study based on the fact that they have type 2 diabetes. Enrolled HCV-diabetic patients were treated for 12 weeks with SOF/DCV regimen. Patients were screened by laboratory investigations before treatment (baseline values) and after HCV treatment (post-treatment values). Additionally, 30 healthy individuals were enrolled as a control group. Among the patient's cohort, the sustained virological response was achieved by 100% of the treated patients after 12 weeks of SOF/DCV therapy. Moreover, the levels of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), nitric oxide, interleukin-1β, red cell distribution width, platelet distribution width, mean platelet volume were improved significantly (P < 0.001) in treated patients after successful viral clearance compared to baseline values. In addition, virological clearance exhibited positive correlations with interleukin-1β, nitric oxide, leukocytes count, red cell distribution width, and mean platelet volume. In conclusion, the data suggest the potential amelioration effect of HCV eradication after treatment with SOF/DCV regimen on the inflammatory status among HCV-diabetic patients which is reflected by the noticeable improvement of altered hematological indices and inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abdel Moneim
- Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salem St., Beni Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - H A Suleiman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - B Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - D Mabrouk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - M Y Zaky
- Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salem St., Beni Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - B Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
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21
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Marchio P, Guerra-Ojeda S, Vila JM, Aldasoro M, Victor VM, Mauricio MD. Targeting Early Atherosclerosis: A Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8563845. [PMID: 31354915 PMCID: PMC6636482 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8563845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease associated to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is one of the key factors for the development of atherosclerosis. Nonoxidized LDL have a low affinity for macrophages, so they are not themselves a risk factor. However, lowering LDL levels is a common clinical practice to reduce oxidation and the risk of major events in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Atherosclerosis starts with dysfunctional changes in the endothelium induced by disturbed shear stress which can lead to endothelial and platelet activation, adhesion of monocytes on the activated endothelium, and differentiation into proinflammatory macrophages, which increase the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and turn into foam cells, exacerbating the inflammatory signalling. The atherosclerotic process is accelerated by a myriad of factors, such as the release of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), growth factors, and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Inflammation and immunity are key factors for the development and complications of atherosclerosis, and therefore, the whole atherosclerotic process is a target for diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we focus on early stages of the disease and we address both biomarkers and therapeutic approaches currently available and under research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Marchio
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universitat de Valencia and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sol Guerra-Ojeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universitat de Valencia and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Vila
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universitat de Valencia and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Martín Aldasoro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universitat de Valencia and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor M. Victor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universitat de Valencia and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria D. Mauricio
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universitat de Valencia and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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22
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Bartekova M, Radosinska J, Jelemensky M, Dhalla NS. Role of cytokines and inflammation in heart function during health and disease. Heart Fail Rev 2019; 23:733-758. [PMID: 29862462 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-018-9716-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
By virtue of their actions on NF-κB, an inflammatory nuclear transcription factor, various cytokines have been documented to play important regulatory roles in determining cardiac function under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Several cytokines including TNF-α, TGF-β, and different interleukins such as IL-1 IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18 are involved in the development of various inflammatory cardiac pathologies, namely ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and cardiomyopathies. In ischemia-related pathologies, most of the cytokines are released into the circulation and serve as biological markers of inflammation. Furthermore, there is an evidence of their direct role in the pathogenesis of ischemic injury, suggesting cytokines as potential targets for the development of some anti-ischemic therapies. On the other hand, certain cytokines such as IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 are involved in the post-ischemic tissue repair and thus are considered to exert beneficial effects on cardiac function. Conflicting reports regarding the role of some cytokines in inducing cardiac dysfunction in heart failure and different types of cardiomyopathies seem to be due to differences in the nature, duration, and degree of heart disease as well as the concentrations of some cytokines in the circulation. In spite of extensive research work in this field of investigation, no satisfactory anti-cytokine therapy for improving cardiac function in any type of heart disease is available in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bartekova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Radosinska
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Marek Jelemensky
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Naranjan S Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Center, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada. .,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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23
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Tibaut M, Caprnda M, Kubatka P, Sinkovič A, Valentova V, Filipova S, Gazdikova K, Gaspar L, Mozos I, Egom EE, Rodrigo L, Kruzliak P, Petrovic D. Markers of Atherosclerosis: Part 1 - Serological Markers. Heart Lung Circ 2018; 28:667-677. [PMID: 30468147 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. With therapeutic consequences in mind, several risk scores are being used to differentiate individuals with low, intermediate or high cardiovascular (CV) event risk. The most appropriate management of intermediate risk individuals is still not known, therefore, novel biomarkers are being sought to help re-stratify them as low or high risk. This narrative review is presented in two parts. Here, in Part 1, we summarise current knowledge on serum (serological) biomarkers of atherosclerosis. Among novel biomarkers, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) has emerged as the most promising in chronic situations, others need further clinical studies. However, it seems that a combination of serum biomarkers offers more to risk stratification than either biomarker alone. In Part 2, we address genetic and imaging markers of atherosclerosis, as well as other developments relevant to risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miha Tibaut
- General Hospital Murska Sobota, Murska Sobota, Slovenia
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia; Department of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Andreja Sinkovič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Slavomira Filipova
- Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Gazdikova
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing and Professional Health Studies, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ludovit Gaspar
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Emmanuel E Egom
- Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada; Department of Cardiology, The Adelaide and Meath Hospital Dublin, Incorporating the National Children Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Center for Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Internal Medicine, Brothers of Mercy Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Petrovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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24
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He W, Rebello O, Savino R, Terracciano R, Schuster-Klein C, Guardiola B, Maedler K. TLR4 triggered complex inflammation in human pancreatic islets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:86-97. [PMID: 30287405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is strongly associated with obesity and inflammation. Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) is the major pro-inflammatory pathway with its ligands and downstream products increased systemically in T2D and in at-risk individuals. Detailed mechanisms of the complex proinflammatory response in pancreatic islets remain unknown. In isolated human islets LPS induced IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF production in a TLR4-dependent manner and severely impaired β-cell survival and function. IL-6 antagonism improved β-cell function. IL-8, which was identified specifically in α-cells, initiated monocyte migration, a process fully blocked by IL-8 neutralization. The TLR4 response was potentiated in obese donors; with higher IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 expression than in non-obese donors. TLR4 activation leads to a complex multi-cellular inflammatory response in human islets, which involves β-cell failure, cytokine production and macrophage recruitment to islets. In obesity, the amplified TLR4 response may potentiate β-cell damage and accelerate diabetes progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- University of Bremen, Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Germany.
| | - Osmond Rebello
- University of Bremen, Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Germany
| | - Rocco Savino
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosa Terracciano
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Kathrin Maedler
- University of Bremen, Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Germany.
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25
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Kinney JW, Bemiller SM, Murtishaw AS, Leisgang AM, Salazar AM, Lamb BT. Inflammation as a central mechanism in Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2018; 4:575-590. [PMID: 30406177 PMCID: PMC6214864 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1219] [Impact Index Per Article: 203.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by cognitive decline and the presence of two core pathologies, amyloid β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Over the last decade, the presence of a sustained immune response in the brain has emerged as a third core pathology in AD. The sustained activation of the brain's resident macrophages (microglia) and other immune cells has been demonstrated to exacerbate both amyloid and tau pathology and may serve as a link in the pathogenesis of the disorder. In the following review, we provide an overview of inflammation in AD and a detailed coverage of a number of microglia-related signaling mechanisms that have been implicated in AD. Additional information on microglia signaling and a number of cytokines in AD are also reviewed. We also review the potential connection of risk factors for AD and how they may be related to inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson W. Kinney
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Shane M. Bemiller
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew S. Murtishaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Amanda M. Leisgang
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Arnold M. Salazar
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Bruce T. Lamb
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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26
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Zhang B, Li XL, Zhao CR, Pan CL, Zhang Z. Interleukin-6 as a Predictor of the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Epidemiological Studies. Immunol Invest 2018; 47:689-699. [PMID: 29873573 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2018.1480034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Cun-Rui Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chen-Liang Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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27
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Pilz V, Wolf K, Breitner S, Rückerl R, Koenig W, Rathmann W, Cyrys J, Peters A, Schneider A. C-reactive protein (CRP) and long-term air pollution with a focus on ultrafine particles. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 221:510-518. [PMID: 29428699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution contributes to the global burden of disease by particularly affecting cardiovascular (CV) causes of death. We investigated the association between particle number concentration (PNC), a marker for ultrafine particles, and other air pollutants and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as a potential link between air pollution and CV disease. METHODS We cross-sectionally analysed data from the second follow up (2013 and 2014) of the German KORA baseline survey which was conducted in 1999-2001. Residential long-term exposure to PNC and various other size fractions of particulate matter (PM10 with size of <10 μm in aerodynamic diameter, PMcoarse 2.5-10 μm or PM2.5 < 2.5 μm, respectively), soot (PM2.5abs: absorbance of PM2.5), nitrogen oxides (nitrogen dioxide NO2 or oxides NOx, respectively) and ozone (O3) were estimated by land-use regression models. Associations between annual air pollution concentrations and hs-CRP were modeled in 2252 participants using linear regression models adjusted for several confounders. Potential effect-modifiers were examined by interaction terms and two-pollutant models were calculated for pollutants with Spearman inter-correlation <0.70. RESULTS Single pollutant models for PNC, PM10, PMcoarse, PM2.5abs, NO2 and NOx showed positive but non-significant associations with hs-CRP. For PNC, an interquartile range (2000 particles/cm3) increase was associated with a 3.6% (95% CI: -0.9%, 8.3%) increase in hs-CRP. A null association was found for PM2.5. Effect estimates were higher for women, non-obese participants, for participants without diabetes and without a history of cardiovascular disease whereas ex-smokers showed lower estimates compared to smokers or non-smokers. For O3, the dose-response function suggested a non-linear relationship. In two-pollutant models, adjustment for PM2.5 strengthened the effect estimates for PNC and PM10 (6.3% increase per 2000 particles/cm3 [95% CI: 0.4%; 12.5%] and 7.3% per 16.5 μg/m3 [95% CI: 0.4%; 14.8%], respectively). CONCLUSION This study adds to a scarce but growing body of literature showing associations between long-term exposure to ultrafine particles and hs-CRP, one of the most intensely studied blood biomarkers for cardiovascular health. Our results highlight the role of ultrafine particles within the complex mixture of ambient air pollution and their inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Pilz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrics and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Regina Rückerl
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany; Environmental Science Center, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Klinik für Herz-& Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Josef Cyrys
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Munich, Germany
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28
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Weiss TW, Rohla M. Metabolic syndrome, inflammation and atherothrombosis. Hamostaseologie 2017; 33:283-94. [DOI: 10.5482/hamo-13-07-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryExtensive research of the past decades altered our traditional concept about the genesis of atherosclerosis fundamentally. Today, the crucial role of inflammation in the formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques is indisputable. Patients at high risk for developing cardiovascular disease, owing to poor diet, obesity and low physical activity have been shown to exhibit a particular inflammatory pattern.Therefore, the present review highlights the crosslink between the metabolic syndrome (MetS), adipose tissue, adipokines and selected inflammatory cytokines in the context of atherothrombosis and cardiovascular disease.
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29
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Vieira MNN, Lima-Filho RAS, De Felice FG. Connecting Alzheimer's disease to diabetes: Underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Neuropharmacology 2017; 136:160-171. [PMID: 29129775 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and vice versa, and a growing body of evidence indicates that these diseases are connected both at epidemiological, clinical and molecular levels. Recent studies have begun to reveal common pathogenic mechanisms shared by AD and type 2 diabetes. Impaired neuronal insulin signaling and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are present in animal models of AD, similar to observations in peripheral tissue in T2D. These findings shed light into novel diabetes-related mechanisms leading to brain dysfunction in AD. Here, we review the literature on selected mechanisms shared between these diseases and discuss how the identification of such mechanisms may lead to novel therapeutic targets in AD. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Metabolic Impairment as Risk Factors for Neurodegenerative Disorders.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo N N Vieira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil; Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo A S Lima-Filho
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil; Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Guclu M, Faruq Agan A. Association of Severity of Helicobacter pylori Infection with Peripheral Blood Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Mean Platelet Volume. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2017; 7:11-16. [PMID: 29201765 PMCID: PMC5663767 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To determine the correlation of Helicobacter pylori infection with peripheral blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and mean platelet volume (MPV). Materials and methods: The NLR, MPV, platelets, leukocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes were calculated and the differences between groups were investigated. Results: A total of 199 patients were included in the study. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was statistically lower in H. pylori-positive patients than in H. pylori-negative patients (1.94 ± 0.79 vs 2.67 ± 2.35 respectively, p = 0.04). There was no significant difference between H. pylori-negative patients and H. pylori-positive patients of severe intensity in terms of MPV. However, peripheral blood lymphocytes and platelets were statistically significantly higher in H. pylori-positive patients of severe intensity (lymphocytes 2150 ± 826 vs 2954 ± 2436 respectively, p = 0.000 and platelets 258247 ± 69494 vs 265611 ± 113397 respectively, p = 0.02) compared with H. pylori-negative patients. Conclusion: A moderate increase in the intensity of H. pylori does not lead to a significant change in MPV as measured by hemogram; however, it gives rise to a statistically significant fall in NLR. Presence of severe H. pylori-positive intensity leads to a statistically significant increase in peripheral blood lymphocytes and platelets compared with H. pylori-negative patients. How to cite this article: Guclu M, Agan AF. Association of Severity of Helicobacter pylori Infection with Peripheral Blood Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Mean Platelet Volume. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):11-16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Guclu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Faruq Agan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Qureshi WT, Rana JS, Yeboah J, Bin Nasir U, Al-Mallah MH. Risk Stratification for Primary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease: Roles of C-Reactive Protein and Coronary Artery Calcium. Curr Cardiol Rep 2016; 17:110. [PMID: 26482753 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-015-0666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Risk stratification of individuals at risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) plays an important role in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. In addition to risk scores derived from conventional cardiovascular risk factors, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and coronary artery calcium (CAC) have emerged as two of the widely accepted non traditional risk factors for atherosclerotic disease that have shown incremental prognostic value in predicting cardiovascular events. This review systematically assesses the role of hs-CRP and CAC in various studies and demonstrates meta-analyses of the incremental prognostic value of hs-CRP and CAC in identifying patients at risk of future CVD events. Compared with this, CAC showed better incremental prognostic value and might be a better indicator of ASCVD risk in asymptomatic adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas T Qureshi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Jamal S Rana
- Division of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA
| | - Joseph Yeboah
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Usama Bin Nasir
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Mouaz H Al-Mallah
- Cardiac Imaging King Abdul-Aziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical research center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Sasaki H, Hirai K, Martins CM, Furusho H, Battaglino R, Hashimoto K. Interrelationship Between Periapical Lesion and Systemic Metabolic Disorders. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 22:2204-15. [PMID: 26881444 PMCID: PMC4856634 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666160216145107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periapical periodontitis, also known as periapical lesion, is a common dental disease, along with periodontitis (gum disease). Periapical periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, caused by endodontic infection, and its development is regulated by the host immune/inflammatory response. Metabolic disorders, which are largely dependent on life style such as eating habits, have been interpreted as a "metabolically-triggered" low-grade systemic inflammation and may interact with periapical periodontitis by triggering immune modulation. The host immune system is therefore considered the common fundamental mechanism of both disease conditions. METHOD We have reviewed >200 articles to discuss the interrelationship between periapical lesions and metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), and their common pathological background in immunology/osteoimmunology and cytokine biology. RESULTS An elevated inflammatory state caused by metabolic disorders can impact the clinical outcome of periapical lesions and interfere with wound healing after endodontic treatment. Although additional well-designed clinical studies are needed, periapical lesions appear to affect insulin sensitivity and exacerbate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. CONCLUSION Immune regulatory cytokines produced by various cell types, including immune cells and adipose tissue, play an important role in this interrelationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Sasaki
- Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02494, U.S.A.
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Lin GM, Liu K, Colangelo LA, Lakoski SG, Tracy RP, Greenland P. Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentrations and Association of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Concentrations With Incident Coronary Heart Disease in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 183:46-52. [PMID: 26597828 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) has been associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) in numerous but not all observational studies, and whether low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) alter this association is unknown. In the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2000-2012), we prospectively assessed the association of hs-CRP concentrations with incident CHD in participants who did not receive lipid-lowering therapy, as well as in those with LDL-C concentrations less than 130 mg/dL (n = 3,106) and those with LDL-C concentrations of 130 mg/dL or greater (n = 1,716) at baseline (2000-2002). Cox proportional hazard analyses were used to assess the associations after adjustment for socioeconomic status, traditional risk factors, body mass index, diabetes, aspirin use, kidney function, and coronary artery calcium score. Loge hs-CRP was associated with incident CHD in participants with LDL-C concentrations of 130 mg/dL or higher (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05, 1.60) but not in those with LDL-C concentrations less than 130 mg/dL (HR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.74, 1.05; P for interaction = 0.003). As a whole, loge hs-CRP was not associated with incident CHD in participants who had not received lipid-lowering therapy at baseline (HR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.92, 1.20) and who had mean LDL-C concentrations less than 130 mg/dL. These findings suggest that LDL-C concentrations might be a moderator of the contribution of hs-CRP to CHD.
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Association of Serum Pentraxin-3 and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein with the Extent of Coronary Stenosis in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography. J Med Biochem 2015; 34:440-449. [PMID: 28356853 PMCID: PMC4922362 DOI: 10.2478/jomb-2014-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We compared factors of inflammation – high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and we explored their relationship with coronary artery disease (CAD). Also, we tested the usefulness of hsCRP and PTX3 in the risk assessment of coronary stenosis development and the diagnostic ability of these biomarkers to detect disease severity. Methods The study group consisted of 93 CAD patients undergoing coronary angiography. Patients were divided into CAD(0), representing subclinical stenosis, and CAD (1–3), representing significant stenosis in one, two or three vessels. Results We determined the concentration of lipid status parameters, hsCRP and PTX3. We found significantly lower PTX3 and hsCRP concentrations in CAD(0) than in CAD(1–3) group. Concentration of PTX3 showed an increasing trend with the increasing number of vessels affected. The area under ROC curve (AUC) for the combinations of hsCRP and PTX3 with lipid parameters had useful accuracy for detecting CAD(1–3) patients (AUC=0.770, p<0.001). Conclusion PTX3 is a promising independent diagnostic marker for identifying patients with CAD, and a useful indicator of disease progression. In all the analyses PTX3 showed better performance than hsCRP. A combination of PTX3, hsCRP with the lipid status parameters provides risk stratification of the development of coronary stenosis and better classification than their individual application.
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Caselli C, De Graaf MA, Lorenzoni V, Rovai D, Marinelli M, Del Ry S, Giannessi D, Bax JJ, Neglia D, Scholte AJ. HDL cholesterol, leptin and interleukin-6 predict high risk coronary anatomy assessed by CT angiography in patients with stable chest pain. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Lai HM, Li XM, Yang YN, Ma YT, Xu R, Pan S, Zhai H, Liu F, Chen BD, Zhao Q. Genetic Variation in NFKB1 and NFKBIA and Susceptibility to Coronary Artery Disease in a Chinese Uygur Population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129144. [PMID: 26075620 PMCID: PMC4468078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common chronic inflammatory disease worldwide. NF-κB, a central regulator of inflammation, is involved in various inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between NFKB1 and NFKBIA polymorphisms and the susceptibility to CAD and their impact on plasma levels of IL-6 in a Chinese Uygur population. METHODS We genotyped NFKB1-94ins/del ATTG (rs28362491) and NFKBIA3' UTR A/G (rs696) using TaqMan SNP genotyping assays in 960 Uygur CAD cases and Uygur 1060 CAD-negative controls. IL-6 plasma levels were measured in 360 stable angina pectoris (SAP) cases and 360 controls using ELISA method. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the distribution of the genotypes and alleles of rs696 polymorphism in CAD cases and controls. Significant difference in the frequency of genotypes (P = 0.001) and alleles (P = 0.001) of rs28362491 polymorphism was observed in CAD cases compared to controls. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, SNP rs28362491 was consistently associated with CAD risk in a recessive model after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors (OR = 1.581, 95% CI 1.222 to 2.046, P<0.001). SAP cases had significantly higher plasma levels of IL-6 compared to controls (P<0.001). General linear model analysis showed rs28362491 was independently associated with increased IL-6 levels by analyses of a recessive model (P<0.001) after adjustment for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that NFKB1-94 ins/del ATTG polymorphism may play a role in CAD susceptibility in Chinese Uygur population and is functionally associated with IL-6 expression, suggesting a mechanistic link between NFKB1-94 ins/del ATTG polymorphism and CAD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Lai
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Yi-Ning Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (YM)
| | - Yi-Tong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (YM)
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Shuo Pan
- 1st Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xian, China
| | - Hui Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, China
- Clinical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Bang-Dang Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, China
- Clinical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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G RK, K MS, G KK, Kurapati M, M S, T MA, P C, G SR, S N, P K, K SS, H SR. Evaluation of Hs-CRP levels and interleukin 18 (-137G/C) promoter polymorphism in risk prediction of coronary artery disease in first degree relatives. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120359. [PMID: 25822970 PMCID: PMC4379155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is clearly a multifactorial disease that develops from childhood and ultimately leads to death. Several reports revealed having a First Degree Relatives (FDRS) with premature CAD is a significant autonomous risk factor for CAD development. C - reactive protein (CRP) is a member of the pentraxin family and is the most widely studied proinflammatory biomarker. IL-18 is a pleiotrophic and proinflammatory cytokine which is produced mainly by macrophages and plays an important role in the inflammatory cascade. METHODS AND RESULTS Hs-CRP levels were estimated by ELISA and Genotyping of IL-18 gene variant located on promoter -137 (G/C) by Allele specific PCR in blood samples of 300 CAD patients and 300 controls and 100 FDRS. Promoter Binding sites and Protein interacting partners were identified by Alibaba 2.1 and Genemania online tools respectively. Hs-CRP levels were significantly high in CAD patients followed by FDRS when compared to controls. In IL-18 -137 (G/C) polymorphism homozygous GG is significantly associated with occurrence of CAD and Hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in GG genotype subjects when compared to GC and CC. IL-18 was found to be interacting with 100 protein interactants. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that Hs-CRP levels and IL-18-137(G/C) polymorphism may help to identify risk of future events of CAD in asymptomatic healthy FDRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar G
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Mrudula Spurthi K
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Kishore Kumar G
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | | | - Saraswati M
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Mohini Aiyengar T
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Chiranjeevi P
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Srilatha Reddy G
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Nivas S
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Kaushik P
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sanjib Sahu K
- Durgabai Deshmukh Hospital and Research Center, Vidyanagar, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Surekha Rani H
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
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Rückerl R, Hampel R, Breitner S, Cyrys J, Kraus U, Carter J, Dailey L, Devlin RB, Diaz-Sanchez D, Koenig W, Phipps R, Silbajoris R, Soentgen J, Soukup J, Peters A, Schneider A. Associations between ambient air pollution and blood markers of inflammation and coagulation/fibrinolysis in susceptible populations. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 70:32-49. [PMID: 24907704 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiological pathways linking particulate air pollution to cardiovascular disease are still not fully understood. We examined the association between ambient air pollutants and blood markers of inflammation and coagulation/fibrinolysis in three potentially susceptible populations. Three panels of non-smoking individuals were examined between 3/2007 and 12/2008: 1) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D, n=83), 2) with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, n=104), and 3) with a potential genetic predisposition which could affect detoxifying and inflammatory pathways (n=87) defined by the null polymorphism for glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) in combination with a certain single nucleotide polymorphism on the C-reactive protein (CRP) or the fibrinogen gene. Study participants had blood drawn up to seven times every four to six weeks. In total, 1765 blood samples were analysed for CRP, interleukin (IL)-6, soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), fibrinogen, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Hourly mean values of particulate air pollutants, particle number concentrations in different size ranges and gaseous pollutants were collected at fixed monitoring sites and individual 24hour averages calculated. Associations between air pollutants and blood markers were analysed for each panel separately and taking the T2D panel and the IGT panel together, using additive mixed models adjusted for long-term time trend and meteorology. For the panel with potential genetic susceptibility, CRP and MPO increased for most lags, especially with the 5-day average exposure (% change of geometric mean and 95% confidence interval: 22.9% [12.0;34.7] for CRP and 5.0% [0.3;9.9] for MPO per interquartile range of PM2.5). Small positive associations were seen for fibrinogen while sCD40L, PAI-1 and IL-6 mostly decreased in association with air pollution concentrations. Except for positive associations for fibrinogen we did not see significant results with the two other panels. Participants with potential genetic susceptibility showed a clear association between inflammatory blood biomarkers and ambient air pollutants. Our results support the hypothesis that air pollution increases systemic inflammation especially in susceptible populations which may aggravate atherosclerotic diseases and induce multi-organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Rückerl
- ESC-Environmental Science Center, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 2, 86135 Augsburg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Regina Hampel
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Josef Cyrys
- ESC-Environmental Science Center, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 2, 86135 Augsburg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Ute Kraus
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Jackie Carter
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Lisa Dailey
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Robert B Devlin
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
| | - David Diaz-Sanchez
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Centre, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Richard Phipps
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Robert Silbajoris
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Jens Soentgen
- ESC-Environmental Science Center, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 2, 86135 Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Joleen Soukup
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Significant association between serum interleukin-6 and Helicobacter pylori antibody levels among H. pylori-positive Japanese adults. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:142358. [PMID: 24453409 PMCID: PMC3881527 DOI: 10.1155/2013/142358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine produced by many types of cells. Inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis that is an underlying cause of coronary heart disease (CHD). Since the 1990s, some studies have shown an association between H. pylori infection and CHD, which may be mediated by inflammation. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between serum anti-H. pylori IgG levels and serum IL-6 levels in H. pylori-infected adults. Methods. We enrolled 158 subjects who visited a clinic located in an urban area to be tested for H. pylori infection, using the 13C-urea breath test, and who were found to be infected and subsequently received eradication. Results. The geometric mean serum IL-6 level was 1.78 pg/mL for men, 1.57 pg/mL for women, and 1.64 pg/mL overall. Logarithms of serum IL-6 levels were positively correlated with logarithms of serum H. pylori IgG levels (r = 0.24, P = 0.002). In multiple linear regression analysis adjusting for sex and age, the serum IL-6 level was still significantly associated with the IgG level in all subjects (β = 0.18, P = 0.012). Conclusion. Higher H. pylori IgG levels were significantly associated with higher serum IL-6 levels among H. pylori-infected individuals.
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Hussein AA, Gottdiener JS, Bartz TM, Sotoodehnia N, DeFilippi C, See V, Deo R, Siscovick D, Stein PK, Lloyd-Jones D. Inflammation and sudden cardiac death in a community-based population of older adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Heart Rhythm 2013; 10:1425-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Seventeen year risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality associated with C-reactive protein, fibrinogen and leukocyte count in men and women: the EPIC-Norfolk study. Eur J Epidemiol 2013; 28:541-50. [PMID: 23821244 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-013-9819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is strong evidence from observational studies suggesting serum C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. However, less is known about whether there are differences in the association of CRP with all-cause or cause specific mortality by sex, smoking, body mass index (BMI), or physical activity. We aimed to investigate these interactions and also investigate and compare the association of CRP and other inflammation markers (i.e., fibrinogen and leukocyte count) with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Men and women aged 40-79 were recruited in 1993-1997 in the EPIC-Norfolk cohort study. A total of 16,850 participants with high-sensitivity assayed CRP data who had no known cancer, myocardial infarction and stroke at baseline were entered in the analysis to test the association of CRP, fibrinogen and leukocyte count with risk of all-cause and cause specific mortality. A total of, 2,603 all-cause deaths (1,452 in men) including 823 cardiovascular and 1,035 cancer deaths, were observed after 231,000 person-years of follow-up (median 14.3 years). CRP was positively associated with risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and non-cancer non-cardiovascular mortality independent of established risk factors. The hazard ratio of all-cause mortality (95 % CI) for participants with CRP in the range of 3-10 and >10 mg/l (vs. <0.5 mg/l) was 1.56 (1.26-1.93) and 1.87 (1.43-2.43) respectively in men and 1.34 (1.07-1.68) and 1.98 (1.50-2.63) in women. The association was less positively graded in women with the increased risk being significant only at higher levels of the CRP distribution. The association persisted in never smokers and did not vary by levels of BMI or physical activity. Although fibrinogen and leukocyte count were also positively associated with mortality risk, only CRP remained a significant predictor of mortality when the inflammation markers were adjusted for one another in multivariable models. Serum CRP levels were a long-term predictor of risk of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality independent of known risk factors, fibrinogen, and leukocyte count.
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Schöttker B, Herder C, Rothenbacher D, Roden M, Kolb H, Müller H, Brenner H. Proinflammatory cytokines, adiponectin, and increased risk of primary cardiovascular events in diabetic patients with or without renal dysfunction: results from the ESTHER study. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:1703-11. [PMID: 23378623 PMCID: PMC3661844 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammatory processes contribute to both diabetes and cardiovascular risk. We wanted to investigate whether circulating concentrations of proinflammatory immune mediators and adiponectin in diabetic patients are associated with incident cardiovascular events. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In 1,038 participants with diabetes of the population-based ESTHER study, of whom 326 showed signs of renal dysfunction, Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the association of increasing concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-18, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), adiponectin, and leptin with cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, or fatal cardiovascular event) during a follow-up period of 8 years. RESULTS During follow-up, 161 subjects with diabetes experienced a primary cardiovascular event. Proinflammatory markers were not associated with a higher risk for primary cardiovascular events in the total study population after adjustment for multiple confounders. However, IL-6 and MIF were associated with cardiovascular events in subjects with renal dysfunction (HR for the comparison of top vs. bottom tertile 1.98 [95% CI 1.12-3.52], P [trend] = 0.10 for IL-6; 1.48 [0.87-2.51], P [trend] = 0.04 for MIF). Adiponectin levels were associated with cardiovascular events in the total population (1.48 [1.01-2.21], P [trend] = 0.03), and the association was even more pronounced in the subgroup with renal dysfunction (1.97 [1.08-3.57], P [trend] = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS In particular, the absence of an association between CRP and a U-shaped association of adiponectin levels with incident cardiovascular events show that associations between circulating immune mediators and cardiovascular risk differ between diabetic patients and subjects of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Strohacker K, Wing RR, McCaffery JM. Contributions of body mass index and exercise habits on inflammatory markers: a cohort study of middle-aged adults living in the USA. BMJ Open 2013; 3:e002623. [PMID: 23793684 PMCID: PMC3657650 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determine whether body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (PA) above, at or below MET minute per week (MMW) levels recommended in the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines interact or have additive effects on interleukin (IL)-6, C reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, interleukin6 (IL-6) soluble receptor (IL-6sr), soluble E-selectin and soluble intracellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1. DESIGN Archived cohort data (n=1254, age 54.5±11.7 year, BMI 29.8±6.6 kg/m(2)) from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the USA (MIDUS) Biomarkers Study were analysed for concentrations of inflammatory markers using general linear models. MMW was defined as no regular exercise, <500 MMW, 500-1000 MMW, >1000 MMW and BMI was defined as <25, 25-29.9, ≥30 kg/m(2). Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, smoking and relevant medication use. SETTING Respondents reported to three centres to complete questionnaires and provide blood samples. PARTICIPANTS Participants were men and women currently enroled in the MIDUS Biomarker Project (n=1254, 93% non-Hispanic white, average age 54.5 years). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Concentration of serum IL-6, CRP, fibrinogen, IL-6sr, sE-selectin and sICAM. RESULTS Significant interactions were found between BMI and MMW for CRP and sICAM-1 (p<0.05). CRP in overweight individuals was similar to that in obese individuals when no PA was reported, but it was similar to normal weight when any level of regular PA was reported. sICAM-1 was differentially lower in obese individuals who reported >1000 MMW compared to obese individuals reporting less exercise. CONCLUSIONS The association of exercise with CRP and sICAM-1 differed by BMI, suggesting that regular exercise may buffer weight-associated elevations in CRP in overweight individuals while higher levels of exercise may be necessary to reduce sICAM-1 or CRP in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley Strohacker
- The Miriam Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Job strain-associated inflammatory burden and long-term risk of coronary events: findings from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg case-cohort study. Psychosom Med 2013; 75:317-25. [PMID: 23460721 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0b013e3182860d63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the association between job strain and coronary heart disease (CHD) and investigated the role of markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction as possible mediators of job strain-associated CHD risk. METHODS The sample (n = 1027) included employed participants (35-64 years old, 68% male) from the population-based MONICA/KORA (Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease/Kooperative Gesundheitsforschung in der Region Augsburg) studies. At baseline Karasek's Job Strain Index was assessed during standardized personal interviews, and nine biological markers were measured (1984-1995). Participants were followed (average, 12 years) to assess incident events (sudden cardiac death or fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction). In this case-cohort design, the final sample contained 114 cases and 913 noncases. RESULTS Baseline distributions of cardiometabolic risk factors were significantly different between cases and noncases, with no detectable job strain-specific differences. However, cases with high job strain had higher monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin (IL)-8, and IL-18 compared with noncases with high job strain. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL-6, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were increased in cases versus noncases, regardless of work stress. Job strain was associated with incident coronary events in Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, and survey (hazard ratio = 2.57, 95% confidence interval = 1.09-6.07) and after adjustment for CHD risk factors (2.35, 1.003-5.49). Adjustment for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 or IL-8 increased this risk estimate by 14.5% or 9.4%, respectively, whereas adjustment for C-reactive protein and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 led to decreased hazard ratios (-9.9% and -5.5%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Job strain increased CHD risk in healthy workers; the associated inflammatory burden may contribute to stress-related coronary pathogenesis.
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Inflammatory biomarkers CRP, MCP-1, serum amyloid alpha and interleukin-18 in patients with HTN and dyslipidemia: impact of diabetes mellitus on metabolic syndrome and the effect of statin therapy. Hypertens Res 2013; 36:550-8. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2012.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Association of inflammatory markers with the morphology and extent of coronary plaque as evaluated by 64-slice multidetector computed tomography in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 29:1149-58. [PMID: 23358918 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-013-0181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the association between inflammatory markers and coronary artery plaque assessed by 64-slice multidetector computed tomography. Coronary computed tomography angiography was performed in patients with chest discomfort suggestive of coronary artery disease (CAD). Individuals with an acute coronary syndrome were excluded from the study. Coronary plaque morphology, the number of artery segments exhibiting plaque, and the number of vessels with >50% stenosis were evaluated. Plasma levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor were measured. Among the 178 patients studied (age 65 ± 10 years; 70% men), 125 were diagnosed with CAD. Hs-CRP and IL-6 concentrations were significantly higher in patients with CAD than in patients without (2.73 ± 4.7 vs. 1.32 ± 2.6 mg/L, P = 0.018, and 3.06 ± 3.3 vs. 2.19 ± 2.4 pg/mL, P = 0.036). The IL-6 level was high in patients with predominantly calcified plaque, and was significantly higher in patients with 4-9 plaque segments than in those with no or 1-3 plaque segments (4.07 ± 5.3 vs. 2.19 ± 2.4 pg/mL and 2.43 ± 2.0 pg/mL, respectively, P = 0.025). The number of stenotic vessels was not significantly related to inflammatory markers. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that plasma levels of hs-CRP but not IL-6 were associated with the presence of coronary plaque with calcification (OR 3.37, P = 0.026). This study supports the usefulness of inflammatory markers for the evaluation of coronary plaque in patients with stable CAD.
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Mulberry leaf reduces oxidation and C-reactive protein level in patients with mild dyslipidemia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:787981. [PMID: 23484158 PMCID: PMC3581086 DOI: 10.1155/2013/787981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is the inflammatory marker that could represent the inflammation in blood vessels resulted from dyslipidemia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative activity of mulberry leaf powder using DPPH assay and the effect of mulberry leaf powder on lipid profile, CRP level, and antioxidative parameters in mild dyslipidemia patients. A within-subjects design was conducted and patients received three tablets of 280 mg mulberry leaf powder three times a day before meals for 12 weeks. Total of 25 patients were enrolled but one subject was excluded. After three months of mulberry leaf consumption, serum triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level were significantly reduced and more than half of all patients' CRP levels decreased every month as well as the mean CRP level but no statistically significant difference was found. The average erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity of patients was increased but not at significant level; however, the mean serum 8-isoprostane level was significantly lower after mulberry treatment for 12 weeks. It can be concluded that mulberry leaf powder exhibited antioxidant activity and mulberry leaf powder has potential to decrease serum triglyceride, LDL, and CRP levels in mild dyslipidemia patients without causing severe adverse reactions.
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Elvidge T, Matthews IP, Gregory C, Hoogendoorn B. Feasibility of using biomarkers in blood serum as markers of effect following exposure of the lungs to particulate matter air pollution. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2013; 31:1-44. [PMID: 23534393 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2013.763575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) air pollution has significant cardiopulmonary health effects. Serum biomarkers may elucidate the disease mechanisms involved and provide a means for biomonitoring exposed populations, thereby enabling accurate policy decisions on air quality standards to be made. For this review, research investigating association of blood serum biomarkers and exposure to PM was identified, finding 26 different biomarkers that were significantly associated with exposure. Recent evidence links different effects to different components of PM. Future research on biomarkers of effect will need to address exposure by all PM size fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Elvidge
- Cochrane Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Jefferis BJ, Whincup PH, Welsh P, Wannamethee SG, Rumley A, Ebrahim S, Lawlor DA, Lowe GDO. Prospective study of IL-18 and risk of MI and stroke in men and women aged 60-79 years: a nested case-control study. Cytokine 2012. [PMID: 23207179 PMCID: PMC3561593 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aim IL-18 is hypothesized to destabilise atherosclerotic plaques, leading to thrombotic events and epidemiologic studies suggest that IL-18 may increase risk of CHD or CVD. We examined prospective associations between levels of serum IL-18 and new CHD and stroke events in older men and women from a general population. Methods A case-control study was nested within a prospective cohort of men and women aged 60–79 years recruited from general practices in 25 British towns in 1998–2000 and followed-up for 7.5 years for fatal and non-fatal MI and stroke. Baseline IL-18 was measured in stored serum samples of incident cases of MI (n = 364) or stroke (n = 300) and two controls per case. Results Geometric mean IL-18 levels were higher among the 364 MI cases than the 706 controls; 417.84 pg/mL (IQR 316.25, 537.44) compared to 386.90 pg/mL (IQR 296.54, 482.33), p(difference) = 0.002. IL-18 was positively associated with adverse lipid and inflammatory profiles. Men and women in the top third of baseline IL-18 levels had an age and sex-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for MI of 1.31 (95%CI 0.92, 1.85) compared with those in the lowest third; this attenuated to 1.05 (95%CI 0.72, 1.53) after additional adjustment for established vascular and inflammatory risk factors. Each doubling of IL-18 level was associated with an increased OR for MI 1.34 (95%CI 1.04, 1.72), which was attenuated on adjustment for established vascular and inflammatory risk factors; 1.09 (95%CI 0.83, 1.44). Geometric mean IL-18 levels did not differ between stroke cases and controls. The OR for stroke associated with the highest compared to the lowest tertile of IL-18 was 1.24 (95%CI 0.84, 1.84). Results for MI and stroke did not differ by presence of pre-existing CVD, gender or age. Conclusions Circulating IL-18 levels were strongly associated with a range of established and novel risk factors but were not independently associated with risk of MI or stroke in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Jefferis
- British Regional Heart Study, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, UCL, London NW3 2PF, UK.
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