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Annink ME, Kraaijenhof JM, Stroes ESG, Kroon J. Moving from lipids to leukocytes: inflammation and immune cells in atherosclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1446758. [PMID: 39161593 PMCID: PMC11330886 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1446758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While it is traditionally attributed to lipid accumulation in the vascular endothelium, recent research has shown that plaque inflammation is an important additional driver of atherogenesis. Though clinical outcome trials utilizing anti-inflammatory agents have proven promising in terms of reducing ASCVD risk, it is imperative to identify novel actionable targets that are more specific to atherosclerosis to mitigate adverse effects associated with systemic immune suppression. To that end, this review explores the contributions of various immune cells from the innate and adaptive immune system in promoting and mitigating atherosclerosis by integrating findings from experimental studies, high-throughput multi-omics technologies, and epidemiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim E. Annink
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jordan M. Kraaijenhof
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik S. G. Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Kroon
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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2
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Pang JL, Shao H, Xu XG, Lin ZW, Chen XY, Chen JY, Mou XZ, Hu PY. Targeted drug delivery of engineered mesenchymal stem/stromal-cell-derived exosomes in cardiovascular disease: recent trends and future perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1363742. [PMID: 38558788 PMCID: PMC10978787 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1363742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, stem cells and their secretomes, notably exosomes, have received considerable attention in biomedical applications. Exosomes are cellular secretomes used for intercellular communication. They perform the function of intercellular messengers by facilitating the transport of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and therapeutic substances. Their biocompatibility, minimal immunogenicity, targetability, stability, and engineerable characteristics have additionally led to their application as drug delivery vehicles. The therapeutic efficacy of exosomes can be improved through surface modification employing functional molecules, including aptamers, antibodies, and peptides. Given their potential as targeted delivery vehicles to enhance the efficiency of treatment while minimizing adverse effects, exosomes exhibit considerable promise. Stem cells are considered advantageous sources of exosomes due to their distinctive characteristics, including regenerative and self-renewal capabilities, which make them well-suited for transplantation into injured tissues, hence promoting tissue regeneration. However, there are notable obstacles that need to be addressed, including immune rejection and ethical problems. Exosomes produced from stem cells have been thoroughly studied as a cell-free strategy that avoids many of the difficulties involved with cell-based therapy for tissue regeneration and cancer treatment. This review provides an in-depth summary and analysis of the existing knowledge regarding exosomes, including their engineering and cardiovascular disease (CVD) treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Liang Pang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tiantai People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People’s Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Shao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tiantai People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People’s Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Xu
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Lin
- Zhejiang Healthfuture Biomedicine Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Chen
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Yang Chen
- Zhejiang Healthfuture Biomedicine Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Mou
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Yang Hu
- Department of Traumatology, Tiantai People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People’s Hospital), Taizhou, China
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3
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Volpatti LR, de Matos SN, Borjas G, Reda J, Watkins EA, Zhou Z, Nguyen M, Solanki A, Fang Y, Hubbell JA. LDL-Binding IL-10 Reduces Vascular Inflammation in Atherosclerotic Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.04.582839. [PMID: 38496521 PMCID: PMC10942346 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.04.582839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with the accumulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in arterial walls. Higher levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in serum are correlated with reduced plaque burden. However, cytokine therapies have not translated well to the clinic, partially due to their rapid clearance and pleiotropic nature. Here, we engineered IL-10 to overcome these challenges by hitchhiking on LDL to atherosclerotic plaques. Specifically, we constructed fusion proteins in which one domain is IL-10 and the other is an antibody fragment (Fab) that binds to protein epitopes of LDL. In murine models of atherosclerosis, we show that systemically administered Fab-IL-10 constructs bind circulating LDL and traffic to atherosclerotic plaques. One such construct, 2D03-IL-10, significantly reduces aortic immune cell infiltration to levels comparable to healthy mice, whereas non-targeted IL-10 has no therapeutic effect. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that 2D03-IL-10 preferentially associates with foamy macrophages and reduces pro-inflammatory activation markers. This platform technology can be applied to a variety of therapeutics and shows promise as a potential targeted anti-inflammatory therapy in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R. Volpatti
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Salvador Norton de Matos
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL, 60637, United States
| | - Gustavo Borjas
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Joseph Reda
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Elyse A. Watkins
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Zhengjie Zhou
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
- Biological Sciences Division, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Mindy Nguyen
- Animal Resources Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Ani Solanki
- Animal Resources Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Yun Fang
- Biological Sciences Division, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee on Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Hubbell
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
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4
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Zhang T, Pang C, Xu M, Zhao Q, Hu Z, Jiang X, Guo M. The role of immune system in atherosclerosis: Molecular mechanisms, controversies, and future possibilities. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110765. [PMID: 38369442 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Numerous cardiovascular disorders have atherosclerosis as their pathological underpinning. Numerous studies have demonstrated that, with the aid of pattern recognition receptors, cytokines, and immunoglobulins, innate immunity, represented by monocytes/macrophages, and adaptive immunity, primarily T/B cells, play a critical role in controlling inflammation and abnormal lipid metabolism in atherosclerosis. Additionally, the finding of numerous complement components in atherosclerotic plaques suggests yet again how heavily the immune system controls atherosclerosis. Therefore, it is essential to have a thorough grasp of how the immune system contributes to atherosclerosis. The specific molecular mechanisms involved in the activation of immune cells and immune molecules in atherosclerosis, the controversy surrounding some immune cells in atherosclerosis, and the limitations of extrapolating from relevant animal models to humans were all carefully reviewed in this review from the three perspectives of innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and complement system. This could provide fresh possibilities for atherosclerosis research and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Chenxu Pang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhijie Hu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Maojuan Guo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
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Paplaczyk-Serednicka M, Markowska B, Gach T, Bogacki P, Szura M, Bonior J. Substance P concentration is associated with the inflammatory response and pain perception in patients with chronic pain in peripheral artery disease. POLISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2024; 96:15-24. [PMID: 39138987 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
<b>Introduction:</b> Previous studies indicate a significant role of the inflammatory response in the etiopathogenesis of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and chronic pain (CP).<b>Aim:</b> The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the concentration of SP and the level/concentration of inflammatory mediators (pro-inflammatory cytokines, positive and negative acute phase protein, anti-inflammatory cytokines) and pain intensity in people suffering from chronic pain (CP) in the course of PAD.<b>Material and methods:</b> We examined 187 patients of the Department of Vascular Surgery. As many as 92 patients with PAD and CP (study group) were compared to 95 patients with PAD without CP (control group). The relationship between SP and the level/concentration of fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), antithrombin III (AT), serum albumin, interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and pain intensity (Numeric Rating Scale; NRS) was analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using the R program, assuming the level of statistical significance of α = 0.05.<b>Results:</b> Patients with CP had significantly higher levels of fibrinogen (P < 0.001), CRP (P < 0.001), SP (P < 0.001), IL-10 (P < 0.001), and lower serum albumin levels (P < 0.023). Higher SP concentration was associated with higher levels of IL-10, CRP, and pain intensity. In both groups, SP concentration correlated negatively with the level of fibrinogen (P < 0.001) as well as with albumin in the control group (P < 0.001).<b>Conclusions:</b> Thus, there is a relationship between the concentration of SP and fibrinogen, along with CRP, IL-10, and the intensity of pain in people suffering from CP in the course of PAD, and the level of albumin in the group without CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Paplaczyk-Serednicka
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Markowska
- Clinic of Surgery, Institute of Physioterapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gach
- Clinic of Surgery, Institute of Physioterapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogacki
- Clinic of Surgery, Institute of Physioterapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mirosław Szura
- Clinic of Surgery, Institute of Physioterapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Bonior
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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6
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Cheng T, You Y, Jia B, Wang H, Lv M, Zhu X, Hu Y. Knowledge mapping of B cell and atherosclerosis over the past 20 years: A bibliometric analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2277567. [PMID: 37953301 PMCID: PMC10760366 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2277567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main underlying cause of cardiovascular disease, and B cells are considered a key immune cell type to regulate AS. So far, there is no bibliometric study on B cell and AS. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the scientific output about B cell and AS, summarize the literature characteristics, explore research hotspots, and point out emerging trends. We searched the literature from 2003 to 2022 from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the R package "Bibliometrix" were used for literature analysis and visualization. A total of 1,062 articles and reviews were identified. The number of annual publications generally showed an upward trend. The United States and China were the most productive countries. Medical University of Vienna was the most productive research institution, and Binder Christoph J. was the most productive author, who was also from Medical University of Vienna. "Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology" was the most published journal and the most frequently cited journal. The most cited reference was written by Caligiuri G (2002) in "Journal of Clinical Investigation." The most frequent keywords were "inflammation," "macrophages," "cardiovascular disease," "T cells," "apoptosis," "immunity," "cytokines," "lymphocytes," etc. The trend topics were mainly focused on "immune infiltration," "immunoglobulins," and "biomarkers." The complex role of B cell subtypes and a variety of B cell mediators is the main research direction at present. In-depth analysis of B cell-specific targets can provide new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cheng
- Department of Cardiological Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
- Clinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping You
- Department of Cardiological Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bochao Jia
- Department of Cardiological Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
- Clinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Cardiological Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Lv
- Department of Cardiological Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xueping Zhu
- Department of Cardiological Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- Department of Cardiological Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
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7
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Singh K, Misra DP. Interleukin-10: Role in arterial wall homeostasis and dampening of inflammation in Takayasu arteritis. Int J Rheum Dis 2023; 26:1663-1666. [PMID: 37664962 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Singh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Durga Prasanna Misra
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
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8
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Popa-Fotea NM, Ferdoschi CE, Micheu MM. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of inflammation in atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1200341. [PMID: 37600028 PMCID: PMC10434786 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1200341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide in spite of the improved medical and invasive treatment in terms of revascularization. Atherosclerosis is a dynamic, multi-step process in which inflammation is a ubiquitous component participating in the initiation, development, and entanglements of the atherosclerotic plaque. After activation, the immune system, either native or acquired, is part of the atherosclerotic dynamics enhancing the pro-atherogenic function of immune or non-immune cells, such as endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, or platelets, through mediators such as cytokines or directly by cell-to-cell interaction. Cytokines are molecules secreted by the activated cells mentioned above that mediate the inflammatory component of atherosclerosis whose function is to stimulate the immune cells and the production of further cytokines. This review provides insights of the cell axis activation and specific mechanisms and pathways through which inflammation actuates atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta-Monica Popa-Fotea
- Department 4 Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila,”Bucharest, Romania
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina-Elena Ferdoschi
- Department 4 Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila,”Bucharest, Romania
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Jing J, Zhu C, Gong R, Qi X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Research progress on the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine in the intervention of atherosclerosis: A promising natural immunotherapeutic adjuvant. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114201. [PMID: 36610225 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by disorders of lipid metabolism. Abnormal deposition of low-density lipoproteins in the arterial wall stimulates the activation of immune cells, including the adhesion and infiltration of monocytes, the proliferation and differentiation of macrophages and lymphocytes, and the activation of their functions. The complex interplay between immune cells coordinates the balance between pro- and anti-inflammation and plays a key role in the progression of AS. Therefore, targeting immune cell activity may lead to the development of more selective drugs with fewer side effects to treat AS without compromising host defense mechanisms. At present, an increasing number of studies have found that the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can regulate the function of immune cells in multiple ways to against AS, showing great potential for the treatment of AS and promising clinical applications. In this paper, we review the mechanisms of immune cell action in AS lesions and the potential targets and/or pathways for immune cell regulation by the active ingredients of TCM to promote the understanding of the immune system interactions of AS and provide a relevant basis for the use of active ingredients of TCM as natural adjuvants for AS immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Jing
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Chaojun Zhu
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Rui Gong
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Xue Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250001, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Peripheral Vascular Disease Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Tsioufis P, Theofilis P, Tsioufis K, Tousoulis D. The Impact of Cytokines in Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque: Current Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415937. [PMID: 36555579 PMCID: PMC9788180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerosis is a chronic pathological process that involves inflammation together with endothelial dysfunction and lipoprotein dysregulation. Experimental studies during the past decades have established the role of inflammatory cytokines in coronary artery disease, namely interleukins (ILs), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon-γ, and chemokines. Moreover, their value as biomarkers in disease development and progression further enhance the validity of this interaction. Recently, cytokine-targeted treatment approaches have emerged as potential tools in the management of atherosclerotic disease. IL-1β, based on the results of the CANTOS trial, remains the most validated option in reducing the residual cardiovascular risk. Along the same line, colchicine was also proven efficacious in preventing major adverse cardiovascular events in large clinical trials of patients with acute and chronic coronary syndrome. Other commercially available agents targeting IL-6 (tocilizumab), TNF-α (etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab), or IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) have mostly been assessed in the setting of other inflammatory diseases and further testing in atherosclerosis is required. In the future, potential targeting of the NLRP3 inflammasome, anti-inflammatory IL-10, or atherogenic chemokines could represent appealing options, provided that patient safety is proven to be of no concern.
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Orecchioni M, Wolf D, Suryawanshi V, Winkels H, Kobiyama K, Makings J, Kiosses WB, Ley K. Deleting interleukin-10 from myeloid cells exacerbates atherosclerosis in Apoe -/- mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 80:10. [PMID: 36496494 PMCID: PMC10141524 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04649-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is initiated by subendothelial retention of lipoproteins and cholesterol, which triggers a non-resolving inflammatory process that over time leads to plaque progression in the artery wall. Myeloid cells and in particular macrophages are the primary drivers of the inflammatory response and plaque formation. Several immune cells including macrophages, T cells and B cells secrete the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, known to be essential for the atherosclerosis protection. The cellular source of IL-10 in natural atherosclerosis progression is unknown. This study aimed to determine the main IL10-producing cell type in atherosclerosis. To do so, we crossed VertX mice, in which IRES-green fluorescent protein (eGFP) was placed downstream of exon 5 of the Il10 gene, with atherosclerosis-prone Apoe-/- mice. We found that myeloid cells express high levels of IL-10 in VertX Apoe-/- mice in both chow and western-diet fed mice. By single cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry analysis, we identified resident and inflammatory macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques as the main IL-10 producers. To address whether IL-10 secreted by myeloid cells is essential for the protection, we utilized LyzMCre+Il10fl/fl mice crossed into the Apoe-/- background and confirmed that macrophages were unable to secrete IL-10. Chow and western diet-fed LyzMCre+Il10fl/fl Apoe-/- mice developed significantly larger atherosclerotic plaques as measured by en face morphometry than LyzMCre-Il10 fl/flApoe-/-. Flow cytometry and cytokine measurements suggest that the depletion of IL-10 in myeloid cells increases Th17 cells with elevated CCL2, and TNFα in blood plasma. We conclude that macrophage-derived IL-10 is critical for limiting atherosclerosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Orecchioni
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vasantika Suryawanshi
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Holger Winkels
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kouji Kobiyama
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jeffrey Makings
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - William B Kiosses
- Histology and Microscopy Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Immunology Center of Georgia (IMMCG), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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12
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The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Plaque Stability. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122356. [PMID: 36552564 PMCID: PMC9774534 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the greatest contributor to cardiovascular events and is involved in the majority of deaths worldwide. Plaque rapture or erosion precipitates life-threatening thrombi, resulting in the obstruction blood flow to the heart (acute coronary syndrome), brain (ischemic stroke) or low extremities (peripheral vascular diseases). Among these events, major causation dues to the plaque rupture. Although the initiation, procession, and precise time of controlling plaque rupture are unclear, foam cell formation and apoptosis, cell death, extracellular matrix components, protease expression and activity, local inflammation, intraplaque hemorrhage, and calcification contribute to the plaque instability. These alterations tightly associate with the function regulation of intraplaque various cell populations. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is gasotransmitter derived from methionine metabolism and exerts a protective role in the genesis of atherosclerosis. Recent progress also showed H2S mediated the plaque stability. In this review, we discuss the progress of endogenous H2S modulation on functions of vascular smooth muscle cells, monocytes/macrophages, and T cells, and the molecular mechanism in plaque stability.
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Essential Amino Acids-Rich Diet Decreased Adipose Tissue Storage in Adult Mice: A Preliminary Histopathological Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142915. [PMID: 35889872 PMCID: PMC9316883 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Excess body adipose tissue accumulation is a common and growing health problem caused by an unbalanced diet and/or junk food. Although the effects of dietary fat and glucose on lipid metabolism regulation are well known, those of essential amino acids (EAAs) have been poorly investigated. Our aim was to study the influence of a special diet containing all EAAs on retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rpWAT) and interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) of mice. Methods: Two groups of male Balb/C mice were used. The first was fed with a standard diet. The second was fed with an EAAs-rich diet (EAARD). After 3 weeks, rpWAT and BAT were removed and prepared for subsequent immunohistochemical analysis. Results: EAARD, although consumed significantly less, moderately reduced body weight and BAT, but caused a massive reduction in rpWAT. Conversely, the triceps muscle increased in mass. In rpWAT, the size of adipocytes was very small, with increases in leptin, adiponectin and IL-6 immunostaining. In BAT, there was a reduction in lipid droplet size and a simultaneous increase in UCP-1 and SIRT-3. Conclusions: A diet containing a balanced mixture of free EAA may modulate body adiposity in mice, promoting increased thermogenesis.
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Kalinskaya A, Dukhin O, Lebedeva A, Maryukhnich E, Rusakovich G, Vorobyeva D, Shpektor A, Margolis L, Vasilieva E. Circulating Cytokines in Myocardial Infarction Are Associated With Coronary Blood Flow. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837642. [PMID: 35242141 PMCID: PMC8886043 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The level of systemic inflammation correlates with the severity of the clinical course of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). It has been shown that circulating cytokines and endothelial dysfunction play an important role in the process of clot formation. The aim of our study was to assess the concentration of various circulating cytokines, endothelial function and blood clotting in AMI patients depending on the blood flow through the infarction-related artery (IRA). Methods We included 75 patients with AMI. 58 presented with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 17 had non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (non-STEMI). A flow-mediated dilation test (FMD test), thrombodynamics and rotational thromboelastometry as well as assessment of 14 serum cytokines using xMAP technology were performed. Findings Non-STEMI-patients were characterized by higher levels of MDC, MIP-1β, TNF-α. Moreover, we observed that patients with impaired blood flow through the IRA (TIMI flow 0-1) had higher average and initial clot growth rates, earlier onset of spontaneous clots, C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-10 compared to patients with preserved blood flow through the IRA (TIMI flow 2-3). Patients with TIMI 2-3 blood flow had higher level of IP-10. IL-10 correlated with CRP and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, initial clot growth rate and clot lysis time in TIMI 0-1 patients. All these differences were statistically significant. Interpretation We demonstrated that concentrations of the inflammatory cytokines correlate not only with the form of myocardial infarction (STEMI or non-STEMI), but also with the blood flow through the infarct-related artery. Inflammatory response, functional state of endothelium, and clot formation are closely linked with each other. A combination of these parameters affects the patency of the infarct-related artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kalinskaya
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.,Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Dukhin
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.,Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Lebedeva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Maryukhnich
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy Rusakovich
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Vorobyeva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Shpektor
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.,Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Elena Vasilieva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.,Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
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Park HS, Abd El-Aty AM, Jeong JH, Lee T, Jung TW. Capmatinib suppresses LPS-induced interaction between HUVECs and THP-1 monocytes through suppression of inflammatory responses. Biomed J 2022; 46:100534. [PMID: 35483573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capmatinib (CAP) is a drug that has been used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in adults. Presently, its novel effects on skeletal muscle insulin signaling, inflammation, and lipogenesis in adipocytes have been uncovered with a perspective of drug repositioning. However, the impact of CAP on LPS-mediated adhesion between human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and THP-1 monocytes has yet to be investigated. METHODS HUVECs and THP-1 monocytes were treated with LPS and CAP. The protein expression levels were determined using Western blotting. Target protein knockdown was conducted using small interfering (si) RNA transfection. Adhesion between HUVECs and THP-1 cells was assayed using green fluorescent dye. RESULTS This study found that CAP treatment ameliorated cell adhesion between THP-1 monocytes and HUVECs and the expression of adhesive molecules, such as intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin. Moreover, phosphorylation of inflammatory markers, such as NFκB and IκB as well as TNFα and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) released from HUVECs and THP-1 monocytes, was prevented by CAP treatment. Treatment with CAP augmented PPARα and IL-10 expression. siRNA-associated suppression of PPARδ and IL-10 attenuated the effects of CAP on cell adhesion between HUVECs and THP-1 cells and inflammatory responses. Further, PPARα siRNA mitigated CAP-mediated induction of IL-10 expression. CONCLUSION These findings imply that CAP improves inflamed endothelial-monocyte adhesion via a PPAR/IL-10-dependent pathway. The current study provides in vitro evidence for a therapeutic approach for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Sub Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeseung Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Distasio N, Dierick F, Ebrahimian T, Tabrizian M, Lehoux S. Design and development of Branched Poly(ß-aminoester) nanoparticles for Interleukin-10 gene delivery in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. Acta Biomater 2022; 143:356-371. [PMID: 35257950 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis progression is a result of chronic and non-resolving inflammation, effective treatments for which still remain to be developed. We designed and developed branched poly(ß-amino ester) nanoparticles (NPs) containing plasmid DNA encoding IL-10, a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine to atherosclerosis. The NPs (NP-VHPK) are functionalized with a targeting peptide (VHPK) specific for VCAM-1, which is overexpressed by endothelial cells at sites of atherosclerotic plaque. The anionic coating affords NP-VHPK with significantly lower toxicity than uncoated NPs in both endothelial cells and red blood cells (RBCs). Following injection of NP-VHPK in ApoE-/- mice, Cy5-labelled IL-10 significantly accumulates in both whole aortas and aortic sinus sections containing plaque compared to injection with a non-targeted control. Furthermore, IL-10 gene delivery results in an attenuation of inflammation locally at the plaque site. NP-VHPK may thus have the potential to reduce the inflammatory component of atherosclerosis in a safe and effective manner. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that results in the formation of lipid-laden plaques within vascular walls. Although treatments using drugs and antibodies are now beginning to address the inflammation in atherosclerosis, neither is sufficient for long-term therapy. In this paper, we introduce a strategy to deliver genes encoding the anti-inflammatory protein interleukin-10 (IL-10) in vivo. We showed that Branched Poly(ß-aminoester) carrying the IL-10 gene are able to localize specifically at the plaque via surface-functionalized targeting moieties against inflamed VCAM-1 and/or ICAM-1 and to facilitate gene transcription by ECs to increase the local concentration of the IL-10 within the plaque. To date, there is no report involving non-viral nanotechnology to provide gene-based therapies for atherosclerosis.
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17
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Skotsimara G, Antonopoulos A, Oikonomou E, Papastamos C, Siasos G, Tousoulis D. Aortic Wall Inflammation in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Aortic Aneurysms. Inflammation 2022; 45:965-976. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Sun JT, Sheng XC, Feng Q, Yin Y, Li Z, Ding S, Pu J. Pericoronary Fat Attenuation Index Is Associated With Vulnerable Plaque Components and Local Immune-Inflammatory Activation in Patients With Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e022879. [PMID: 35023363 PMCID: PMC9238519 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.022879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The pericoronary fat attenuation index (FAI) is assessed using standard coronary computed tomography angiography, and it has emerged as a novel imaging biomarker of coronary inflammation. The present study assessed whether increased pericoronary FAI values on coronary computed tomography angiography were associated with vulnerable plaque components and their intracellular cytokine levels in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome. Methods and Results A total of 195 lesions in 130 patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome were prospectively included. Lesion-specific pericoronary FAI, plaque components and other plaque features were evaluated by coronary computed tomography angiography. Local T cell subsets and their intracellular cytokine levels were detected by flow cytometry. Lesions with pericoronary FAI values >-70.1 Hounsfield units exhibited spotty calcification (43.1% versus 25.0%, P=0.015) and low-attenuation plaques (17.6% versus 4.2%, P=0.016) more frequently than lesions with lower pericoronary FAI values. Further quantitative plaque compositional analysis showed that increased necrotic core volume (Pearson's r=0.324, P<0.001) and fibrofatty volume (Pearson's r=0.270, P<0.001) were positively associated with the pericoronary FAI, and fibrous volume (Pearson's r=-0.333, P<0.001) showed a negative association. An increasing proinflammatory intracellular cytokine profile was found in lesions with higher pericoronary FAI values. Conclusions The pericoronary FAI may be a reliable indicator of local immune-inflammatory response activation, which is closely related to plaque vulnerability. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT04792047.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Teng Sun
- Department of Cardiology Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xin Cheng Sheng
- Department of Cardiology Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of Radiology Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Radiology Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Cardiology Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Song Ding
- Department of Cardiology Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Cardiology Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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Gerhardt T, Haghikia A, Stapmanns P, Leistner DM. Immune Mechanisms of Plaque Instability. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:797046. [PMID: 35087883 PMCID: PMC8787133 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.797046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation crucially drives atherosclerosis from disease initiation to the emergence of clinical complications. Targeting pivotal inflammatory pathways without compromising the host defense could compliment therapy with lipid-lowering agents, anti-hypertensive treatment, and lifestyle interventions to address the substantial residual cardiovascular risk that remains beyond classical risk factor control. Detailed understanding of the intricate immune mechanisms that propel plaque instability and disruption is indispensable for the development of novel therapeutic concepts. In this review, we provide an overview on the role of key immune cells in plaque inception and progression, and discuss recently identified maladaptive immune phenomena that contribute to plaque destabilization, including epigenetically programmed trained immunity in myeloid cells, pathogenic conversion of autoreactive regulatory T-cells and expansion of altered leukocytes due to clonal hematopoiesis. From a more global perspective, the article discusses how systemic crises such as acute mental stress or infection abruptly raise plaque vulnerability and summarizes recent advances in understanding the increased cardiovascular risk associated with COVID-19 disease. Stepping outside the box, we highlight the role of gut dysbiosis in atherosclerosis progression and plaque vulnerability. The emerging differential role of the immune system in plaque rupture and plaque erosion as well as the limitations of animal models in studying plaque disruption are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gerhardt
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arash Haghikia
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Stapmanns
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Manuel Leistner
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: David Manuel Leistner
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Abstract
Atherosclerotic vascular disease and its related complications are the major cause of mortality in Western societies. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall triggered by traditional and nontraditional risk factors and mediated by inflammatory and immune responses. Recent clinical trials provided compelling evidence corroborating that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease and demonstrated efficacy of anti-inflammatory interventions in reducing cardiovascular events and mortality. Traditional risk factors drive vascular inflammation, further justifying the instrumental role of intensified risk factor management in attenuating and preventing atherosclerotic disease and complications. Promising therapeutic approaches specifically related to inhibition of inflammation span traditional anti-inflammatory drugs, specific immunomodulation, and development of vaccination against atherosclerotic disease. Here, we review the inflammatory component in atherogenesis, the available evidence from clinical trials evaluating efficacy of therapeutic anti-inflammatory interventions in patients with high cardiovascular risk, and discuss potential future targets for anti-inflammatory or immune modulatory treatment in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Bugger
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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21
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Bu T, Li Z, Hou Y, Sun W, Zhang R, Zhao L, Wei M, Yang G, Yuan L. Exosome-mediated delivery of inflammation-responsive Il-10 mRNA for controlled atherosclerosis treatment. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:9988-10000. [PMID: 34815799 PMCID: PMC8581418 DOI: 10.7150/thno.64229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Tailored inflammation control is badly needed for the treatment of kinds of inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis. IL-10 is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, while systemic and repeated delivery could cause detrimental side-effects due to immune repression. In this study, we have developed a nano-system to deliver inflammation-responsive Il-10 mRNA preferentially into macrophages for tailored inflammation control. Methods: Il-10 was engineered to harbor a modified HCV-IRES (hepatitis C virus internal ribosome entry site), in which the two miR-122 recognition sites were replaced by two miR-155 recognition sites. The translational responsiveness of the engineered mRNA to miR-155 was tested by Western blot or ELISA. Moreover, the engineered Il-10 mRNA was passively encapsulated into exosomes by forced expression in donor cells. Therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis and the systemic leaky expression effects in vivo of the functionalized exosomes were analyzed in ApoE-/- (Apolipoprotein E-deficient) mice. Results: The engineered IRES-Il-10 mRNA could be translationally activated in cells when miR-155 was forced expressed or in M1 polarized macrophages with endogenous miR-155 induced. In addition, the engineered IRES-Il-10 mRNA, when encapsulated into the exosomes, could be efficiently delivered into macrophages and some other cell types in the plaque in ApoE-/- mice. In the recipient cells of the plaque, the encapsulated Il-10 mRNA was functionally translated into protein, with relatively low leaky in other tissues/organs without obvious inflammation. Consistent with the robust Il-10 induction in the plaque, exosome-based delivery of the engineered Il-10 could alleviate the atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. Conclusion: Our study established a potent platform for controlled inflammation control via exosome-based systemic and repeated delivery of engineered Il-10 mRNA, which could be a promising strategy for atherosclerosis treatment.
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22
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Association between Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation with Cardiac Necrosis and Heart Failure in Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients and Various Degrees of Kidney Function. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3090120. [PMID: 34760045 PMCID: PMC8575633 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3090120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the possible association between markers of inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) and markers of cardiac function and necrosis in 100 NSTEMI (non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction) patients with various degrees of kidney dysfunction. At admission, ejection fraction (EF), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), troponin (TnI), creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukins 6 and 10 (IL-6, IL10), myeloperoxidase (MPO), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and albuminuria were assessed. Study participants were divided into 2 subgroups based on the median level of EF. Compared to the high, patients in the low EF group had higher GFR, BNP, CPK, hs-CRP, IL-10, IL-6, and MPO values and lower albuminuria levels. The levels of EF decreased in parallel with the progression of CKD, whereas the levels of BNP, IL-6, and TGF-β were significantly higher in late stages of CKD. Spearman's rho correlation analysis showed that EF was inversely correlated with MPO (r = -0.20, p = 0.05) BNP (r = -0.30, p = 0.002), hs-CRP (r = -0.38, p < 0.0001), IL-10 (r = -0.30, p = 0.003), and IL-6 (r = -0.24, p = 0.02) and positively with GFR (r = 0.27, p = 0.008). TnI was correlated with CPK (r = 0.44, p < 0.0001), CPK-MB (r = 0.31, p = 0.002), ALT (r = 0.50, p < 0.0001), AST (r = 0.29, p = 0.004), IL-10 (r = 0.22, p = 0.03), and MPO (r = -0.28, p = 0.006). In multivariate regression analysis, only BNP (β = -0.011, p = 0.004), hs-CRP (β = -0.11, p = 0.001), and GFR (β = 0.12, p = 0.0029) were independent determinants of EF. Similarly, MPO (β = -1.69, p = 0.02), IL-10 (β = 0.15, p = 0.006), and AST (β = 0.04, p = 0.001) were the 3 major determinants of TnI. Based on these associations, we built a predictive model including markers of inflammation and OS (MPO, IL-10, and hs-CRP) to identify patients with the most severe cardiac injury (combined EF below median and troponin above median values). Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve of this model to detect patients with low EF and high TnI was 0.67 (p = 0.015, 95%confidence interval = 0.53-0.81).
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Effects of Essential Oils and Selected Compounds from Lamiaceae Family as Adjutants on the Treatment of Subjects with Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Risk. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11209563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils from different plant species were found to contain different compounds exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects with the potential to be a valid alternative to conventional chemotherapy that is limited in long-term use due to its serious side effects. Generally, the first mechanism by which an organism counteracts injurious stimuli is inflammation, which is considered a part of the innate immune system. Periodontitis is an infectious and inflammatory disease caused by a dysbiosis in the subgingival microbiome that triggers an exacerbated immune response of the host. The immune–inflammatory component leads to the destruction of gingival and alveolar bone tissue. The main anti-inflammation strategies negatively modulate the inflammatory pathways and the involvement of inflammatory mediators by interfering with the gene’s expression or on the activity of some enzymes and so affecting the release of proinflammatory cytokines. These effects are a possible target from an effective and safe approach, suing plant-derived anti-inflammatory agents. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current evidence about the effects of essentials oils from derived from plants of the Lamiaceae family as complementary agents for the treatment of subjects with periodontitis and their possible effect on the cardiovascular risk of these patients.
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Muhammad K, Ayoub MA, Iratni R. Vascular Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease: Is Immune System Protective or Bystander? Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2141-2150. [PMID: 33461451 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210118121952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Chronic atherosclerosis induced vascular inflammation and perturbation of lipid metabolism is believed to be a major cause of CVD. Interplay of innate and adaptive Immune system has been interwined with various risk factors associated with the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis in CVD. A large body of evidence indicates a correlation between immunity and atherosclerosis. Retention of plasma lipoproteins in arterial subendothelial wall triggers the T helper type 1 (Th1) cells and monocyte-derived macrophages to form atherosclerotic plaques. In the present review, we will discuss the pathogenesis of CVD in relation to atherosclerosis with a particular focus on pro-atherogenic role of immune cells. Recent findings have also suggested anti-atherogenic roles of different B cell subsets. Therapeutic approaches to target atherosclerosis risk factors have reduced the mortality, but a need exists for the novel therapies to treat arterial vascular inflammation. These insights into the immune pathogenesis of atherosclerosis can lead to new targeted therapeutics to abate cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed A Ayoub
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Gao C, Peng F, Xie X, Peng L. The Relationship Between Blood Interleukin-10 and Cardiovascular Mortality and All-Cause Mortality After Kidney Transplantation. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:1481-1489. [PMID: 33883954 PMCID: PMC8053705 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s309764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating interleukin (IL)-10 is associated with adverse cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Whether IL-10 predicts cardiovascular and all-cause mortality after kidney transplantation (KT) is unknown. Methods The association between plasma IL-10 and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality was analyzed in a prospective cohort, which included 418 stable kidney transplant recipients, at a median of 3.6 (range=1.2–8.4) years after transplantation. Multivariate Cox regression models were performed to adjusting related confounding factors. Results Median level of IL-10 in KT patient was 22.3 pg/mL. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that serum levels IL-10 were significantly and independently associated with cardiovascular mortality after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, current smoker, current drinker, cause of kidney disease, systolic and diastolic BP, laboratory indexes and medication (HR=1.26, 95% CI 1.19–2.08, P-trend<0.001). The multivariate Cox analysis also suggested that serum levels IL-10 were independently associated with all-cause mortality (HR=1.25, 95% CI 1.11–1.8, P-trend=0.023) after controlling these same related confounding factors. Sensitivity and stratified analysis showed that the significant association can be affected by history of acute rejection. Conclusion Plasma IL-10 is independently and significant associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality after kidney transplantation. The significant association is independent of cardiovascular risk factors and other related confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gao
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Peng
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xubiao Xie
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Longkai Peng
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
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Xu S, Zhang J, Liu J, Ye J, Xu Y, Wang Z, Yu J, Ye D, Zhao M, Feng Y, Pan W, Wang M, Wan J. The role of interleukin-10 family members in cardiovascular diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107475. [PMID: 33662690 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 cytokine family members, including IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26 and the distantly related IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29, play critical roles in the regulation of inflammation. The occurrence and progression of cardiovascular diseases closely correlate with the regulation of inflammation, which may provide novel strategies for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, studies have focused on the association between the IL-10 cytokine family and the physiological and pathological progression of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize relevant studies and clarify whether the IL-10 cytokine family contributes to the regulation of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwan Xu
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jishou Zhang
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianfang Liu
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Ye
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Xu
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junping Yu
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Ye
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongqi Feng
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Pan
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Menglong Wang
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jun Wan
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.
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Kim DH, Chun SY, Lee E, Kim B, Yoon B, Gil H, Han MH, Ha YS, Lee JN, Kwon TG, Kim BS, Jang BI. IL-10 Deficiency Aggravates Renal Inflammation, Fibrosis and Functional Failure in High-Fat Dieted Obese Mice. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:399-410. [PMID: 33547567 PMCID: PMC8169746 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: High-fat diet-induced obesity is one of the major cause of chronic renal failure. This obesity-related renal failure is mainly caused by inflammatory processes. However, the role of the major anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 has not been researched intensively. METHODS: To evaluate the effect of IL-10 deficiency on obesity-related renal failure, the in vivo study was carried with four animal groups; (1) Low-fat dieted C57BL/6 mice, (2) Low-fat dieted IL-10 knockout (KO) mice, (3) High‐fat dieted C57BL/6 mice and (4) High‐fat dieted IL-10 KO mice group. The analysis was carried with blood/urine chemistry, H&E, Oil-Red-O, periodic acid-Schiff and Masson’s trichrome staining immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR methods. RESULTS: At week 12, high‐fat dieted IL-10 KO mice showed 1) severe lipid accumulation in kidneys, cholesterol elevation (in total, serum kidney) and low-density lipoprotein increasion through the SCAP-SREBP2-LDLr pathway; (2) serious histopathologic alterations showing glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and immune cell infiltration; (3) increased pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines expression; (4) enhanced renal fibrosis; and (5) serious functional failure with high serum creatinine and BUN and proteinuria excretion compared to other groups. CONCLUSION: IL-10 deficiency aggravates renal inflammation, fibrosis and functional failure in high-fat dieted obese mice, thus IL-10 therapy could be applied to obesity-related chronic renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hwan Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Research Support Team, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Chun
- BioMedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - EunHye Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Bomi Kim
- BioMedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - BoHyun Yoon
- BioMedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Haejung Gil
- BioMedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Hoon Han
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sok Ha
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jun Nyung Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kwon
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung Ik Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Kaur R, Masisi K, Molaei M, Le K, Fischer G, Kobue-Lekalake R, Moghadasian MH. Anti-atherogenic properties of Kgengwe ( Citrullus lanatus) seed powder in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice are mediated through beneficial alterations in inflammatory pathways. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:169-177. [PMID: 32846097 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kgengwe fruits are commonly consumed in sub-Saharan countries. Recent reports indicated low coronary artery disease rates in those regions. To investigate anti-atherogenic properties and potential mechanisms of action of Kgengwe seed powder (KSP), male low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDL-r-KO) mice were fed with an atherogenic diet supplemented with (treated, n = 10) or without (controls, n = 10) 10% (w/w) KSP for 20 weeks. Proximate analysis revealed that KSP contained 38% fibre and 15% lipids. KSP supplementation was not associated with significant changes in body weight gain rate, food intake, and plasma lipid levels. However, the average atherosclerotic lesion size in the aortic roots in the KSP-treated group was 58% smaller than that in the control group (0.26 vs 0.11 mm2, p < 0.05). This strong anti-atherogenic effect was associated with significant increases in the average plasma levels of certain cytokines such as IL-10 (6 vs 13 pg/mL, p < 0.05), GM-CSF (0.1 vs 0.2 pg/mL, p < 0.05), and EPO (7 vs 16 pg/mL, p < 0.05) along with reductions in the average levels of plasma MCP-1 (19 vs 14 pg/mL, p < 0.05) and MIP-2 (28 vs 13 pg/mL, p < 0.05). Except for relatively high levels of saturated fatty acids, KSP possesses balanced nutrient compositions with strong anti-atherogenic properties, which may be mediated through alterations in inflammatory pathways. Additional studies warrant confirmation and mechanism(s) of action of such effects. Novelty: Kgengwe seeds prevent atherogenesis in LDL-r-KO mice. Kgengwe seeds increase circulating levels of IL-10 and EPO. No reduction in plasma total cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kaur
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- The Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - K Masisi
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- The Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - M Molaei
- The Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - K Le
- The Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - G Fischer
- Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
| | - R Kobue-Lekalake
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Botswana
| | - M H Moghadasian
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- The Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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Dantas-Medeiros R, Furtado AA, Zanatta AC, Torres-Rêgo M, Guimarães Lourenço EM, Ferreira Alves JS, Galinari É, Alexandre de Oliveira Rocha H, Bernardo Guerra GC, Vilegas W, Antônio de Sousa Araújo T, de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa M, Zucolotto SM. Mass spectrometry characterization of Commiphora leptophloeos leaf extract and preclinical evaluation of toxicity and anti-inflammatory potential effect. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113229. [PMID: 32810623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) J.B. Gillett (Burseraceae) is a medicinal plant native from the brazilian northeast caatinga biome, known popularly as "imburana" or "imburana-de-cambão". The leaves of C. leptophloeos are widely used in folk medicine in the treatment of various inflammatory disorders. However, there is no scientific evidence to justify their popular use. AIM OF THE STUDY This approach aimed to characterize the phytochemical profile of hydroethanolic leaf extract, as well as evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential activity and to investigate the acute toxicity with pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo methodologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phytochemical profile was characterized by UPLC-MS and FIA-ESI-IT-MS/MS. The in vitro anti-inflammatory potential the hydroethanolic extract of C. leptophloeos (1, 10, 100 and 200 μg/mL) was investigated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced nitric oxide assay, in order to analyze the potential decrease of nitric oxide (NO) production. For carrageenan-induced paw edema and zymosan-induced air pouch models, the extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was administrated by intragastric gavage (i.g.) route and used for evaluating the anti-inflammatory effect in vivo. Related to the first animal model, the antiedematogenic activity and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels could be investigated. In addition, the zymosan-induced air pouch model allowed the analyses of leukocytes migration, total MPO, malondialdehyde (MDA) and cytokines (TNF-α and IL-10) levels. The toxicity in vitro of the extract (1, 10, 100 and 200 μg/mL) was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and acute toxicity in vivo was tested using the extract at 2000 mg/kg by i. g. route. RESULTS The phytochemical analyses of C. leptophloeos leaf extract pointed the presence of six glycosylated flavonoids, identified as orientin, isoorientin, vitexin and isovitexin, quercetrin and isoquercitrin. A decrease of NO in vitro was noticed by the use of the extract in the LPS-induced nitric oxide assay and an expressive reduction of the paw-edema followed by a decrease of myeloperoxidase activity at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg. The zymosan-induced air pouch model indicated that the extract, in all doses, significantly reduced the leukocytes migration, total protein concentration, MPO and MDA levels. The levels of cytokines were verified by the administration of extract in this model, revealing a lower of TNF-α level and an increase of the IL-10 production. In the toxicity study, the MTT assay evidenced no cytotoxicity of the tested concentrations and acute toxicity in vivo test did not result in any sign of toxicity and mortality or significant changes on the biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION Based on these results, is possible suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity revealed in this approach can be related to the modulating the level of cytokine, decrease of TNF-α, increase of IL-10 in vivo and also the inhibition of the production of nitric oxide RAW 264.7 activated by LPS. These results demonstrate the potential anti-inflammatory effect C. leptophloeos leaf extrat in inflammatory in vivo models, supporting its use in folk medicine for treatment of inflammatory diseases. Finally, glycosylated flavonoids can be responsible, at least in part, for this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Dantas-Medeiros
- Research Group on Bioactive Natural Products (PNBio), Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, 59012-570, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Allanny Alves Furtado
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, 59012-570, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Ana C Zanatta
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, 14800-060, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Bioprospecting of Natural Products, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Coastal Campus of São Vicente, São Vicente, 11330-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Manoela Torres-Rêgo
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, 59012-570, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Estela Mariana Guimarães Lourenço
- Research Group on Bioactive Natural Products (PNBio), Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, 59012-570, Natal, Brazil
| | - Jovelina Samara Ferreira Alves
- Research Group on Bioactive Natural Products (PNBio), Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, 59012-570, Natal, Brazil
| | - Éder Galinari
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, S/N, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Hugo Alexandre de Oliveira Rocha
- Laboratory of Natural Polymers Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue Salgado Filho, 59078-970, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue Salgado Filho, Natal, 59072-970, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- Laboratory of Bioprospecting of Natural Products, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Coastal Campus of São Vicente, São Vicente, 11330-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, 59012-570, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Silvana Maria Zucolotto
- Research Group on Bioactive Natural Products (PNBio), Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, 59012-570, Natal, Brazil.
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Duraisamy P, Ravi S, Krishnan M, Livya CM, Manikandan B, Arunagirinathan K, Ramar M. Dynamic Role of Macrophage Sub Types for Development of Atherosclerosis and Potential Use of Herbal Immunomodulators as Imminent Therapeutic Strategy. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:2-12. [PMID: 33334298 DOI: 10.2174/1871525718666201217163207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a major contributor to cardiovascular disease is a global alarm causing mortality worldwide. Being a progressive disease in the arteries, it mainly causes recruitment of monocytes to the inflammatory sites and subside pathological conditions. Monocyte-derived macrophage mainly acts in foam cell formation by engorging the LDL molecules, oxidizes it into Ox-LDL and leads to plaque deposit development. Macrophages in general differentiate, proliferate and undergo apoptosis at the inflammatory site. Frequently two subtypes of macrophages M1 and M2 has to act crucially in balancing the micro-environmental conditions of endothelial cells in arteries. The productions of proinflammatory mediators like IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α by M1 macrophage has atherogenic properties majorly produced during the early progression of atherosclerotic plaques. To counteract cytokine productions and M1-M2 balance, secondary metabolites (phytochemicals) from plants act as a therapeutic agent in alleviating atherosclerosis progression. This review summarizes the fundamental role of the macrophage in atherosclerotic lesion formation along with its plasticity characteristic as well as recent therapeutic strategies using herbal components and anti-inflammatory cytokines as potential immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangeetha Ravi
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai - 600 025. India
| | - Mahalakshmi Krishnan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai - 600 025. India
| | - Catherene M Livya
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai - 600 025. India
| | - Beulaja Manikandan
- Department of Biochemistry, Annai Veilankanni's College for Women, Chennai - 600 015. India
| | | | - Manikandan Ramar
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai - 600 025. India
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Mohmmad‐Rezaei M, Arefnezhad R, Ahmadi R, Abdollahpour‐Alitappeh M, Mirzaei Y, Arjmand M, Ferns GA, Bashash D, Bagheri N. An overview of the innate and adaptive immune system in atherosclerosis. IUBMB Life 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Mohmmad‐Rezaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences Shahrekord Iran
| | - Reza Arefnezhad
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA Tehran Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences Shahrekord Iran
| | | | - Yousef Mirzaei
- Department of Biogeosciences, Scientific Research Center Soran University Soran Iraq
| | - Mohammad‐Hassan Arjmand
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences Shahrekord Iran
- Cancer Research Center Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences Shahrekord Iran
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education Sussex United Kingdom
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences Shahrekord Iran
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Th17/Treg Imbalance and Atherosclerosis. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:8821029. [PMID: 33193911 PMCID: PMC7648711 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8821029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is nowadays recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease of large arteries. In recent years, cellular and molecular biology studies on atherosclerosis confirmed that the occurrence and development are related to inflammation and autoimmunity. A variety of immune cells, cytokines, and transcription factors are involved in this process. Current studies found that T helper cell 17, regulatory T cells, and their cytokines play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis and vulnerable plaque rupture. Here, we provide a review of the up-to-date applications of T helper cell 17, regulatory T cells, cytokines, and their balance in the prognosis and therapy of atherosclerosis.
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Malecki C, Hambly BD, Jeremy RW, Robertson EN. The Role of Inflammation and Myeloperoxidase-Related Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Genetically Triggered Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207678. [PMID: 33081376 PMCID: PMC7590002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically triggered thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) are usually considered to exhibit minimal levels of inflammation. However, emerging data demonstrate that specific features of an inflammatory response can be observed in TAA, and that the extent of the inflammatory response can be correlated with the severity, in both mouse models and in human studies. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a key mediator of the inflammatory response, via production of specific oxidative species, e.g., the hypohalous acids. Specific tissue modifications, mediated by hypohalous acids, have been documented in multiple cardiovascular pathologies, including atherosclerosis associated with coronary artery disease, abdominal aortic, and cerebral aneurysms. Similarly, data are now emerging that show the capacity of MPO-derived oxidative species to regulate mechanisms important in TAA pathogenesis, including alterations in extracellular matrix homeostasis, activation of matrix metalloproteinases, induction of endothelial dysfunction and vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching, and activation of ERK1/2 signaling. The weight of evidence supports a role for inflammation in exacerbating the severity of TAA progression, expanding our understanding of the pathogenesis of TAA, identifying potential biomarkers for early detection of TAA, monitoring severity and progression, and for defining potential novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Malecki
- Discipline of Pathology and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (B.D.H.); (R.W.J.); (E.N.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Brett D. Hambly
- Discipline of Pathology and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (B.D.H.); (R.W.J.); (E.N.R.)
| | - Richmond W. Jeremy
- Discipline of Pathology and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (B.D.H.); (R.W.J.); (E.N.R.)
- Cardiology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Elizabeth N. Robertson
- Discipline of Pathology and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (B.D.H.); (R.W.J.); (E.N.R.)
- Cardiology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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Burris RL, Vick SC, Popovic B, Fraungruber PE, Nagarajan S. Maternal exposure to soy diet reduces atheroma in hyperlipidemic F1 offspring mice by promoting macrophage and T cell anti-inflammatory responses. Atherosclerosis 2020; 313:26-34. [PMID: 33032233 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Maternal hypercholesterolemia has been implicated in earlier onset of atherosclerotic lesions in neonatal offspring. In this study, we investigated whether maternal exposure to soy protein isolate (SPI) diet attenuated the progression of atherosclerosis in F1 offspring. METHOD Pregnant apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) female mice were fed SPI diet until postnatal day 21 (PND21) of the offspring (SPI-offspring). SPI-offspring were switched at PND21 to casein (CAS) diet until PND140. Mice fed CAS throughout their lifetime (gestation to adulthood) were used as controls (CAS-offspring). RESULTS Atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic sinuses were reduced in SPI-offspring compared with CAS-offspring. Total serum cholesterol levels in CAS-offspring or dams were comparable to levels in their SPI-counterparts, suggesting that alternative mechanisms contributed to the athero-protective effect of maternal SPI diet. Aortic VCAM-1, MCP-1, and TNF-α mRNA and protein expression, and expression of macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokines was reduced in SPI-offspring. Interestingly, CD4+ T cells from SPI-offspring showed reduced IFN-γ expression (Th1), while the expression of IL-10 (Th2/Treg), and IL-13 (Th2) was increased. DNA methylation analyses revealed that anti-inflammatory T cell-associated Gata3 and Il13 promoter regions were hypomethylated in SPI-offspring. These findings suggest that anti-inflammatory macrophage and T cell response may have contributed to the athero-protective effect in SPI-offspring. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that gestational and lactational soy diet exposure inhibits susceptibility to atherosclerotic lesion formation by promoting anti-inflammatory responses by macrophages and T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona L Burris
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sarah C Vick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Branimir Popovic
- Department of Pathology, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pamelia E Fraungruber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shanmugam Nagarajan
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pathology, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Bagchi AK, Surendran A, Malik A, Jassal DS, Ravandi A, Singal PK. IL-10 attenuates OxPCs-mediated lipid metabolic responses in ischemia reperfusion injury. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12120. [PMID: 32694752 PMCID: PMC7374703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs) promote inflammation as well as low density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake in a variety of physiological and pathological states. Given the anti-inflammatory role of the cytokine IL-10, we investigated its modulatory effect on the production of oxidized phosphatidylcholines (OxPCs) as well as lipid metabolic responses in global myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Increased OxPCs levels, by 1-Palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleryl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POVPC), promoted oxidative stress (OS) and cell death. OxPCs-mediated-OS, resulted in oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) activation and upregulated the expression of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). IL-10-induced increase in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) negatively regulated LOX-1 as well as TLR2 inflammatory responses. Under stress conditions, phosphorylation of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP 1c) was prevented by IL-10. The latter also prevented the generation of OxPCs and reduced their ratio (OxPCs/PCs) during injury. LOX-1 activation also promoted SREBP1c-mediated TGF-βRII expression which was inhibited by IL-10. Both fragmented and non-fragmented OxPCs were elevated during I/R and this effect was attenuated by IL-10. The largest impact (two–threefold change at log2) was on PAzPC, (1-palmitoyl-2-azelaoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine)—a fragmented OxPC. Thus it appears that among different OxPCs, IL-10 significantly reduces a single molecule (PAzPC)-mediated lipid metabolic responses in cardiomyocytes thereby mitigating inflammation and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashim K Bagchi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Ave. Room R3022, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Ave. Room R3022, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Arun Surendran
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Ave. Room R3022, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Ave. Room R3022, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Akshi Malik
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Ave. Room R3022, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Ave. Room R3022, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Davinder S Jassal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Ave. Room R3022, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.,Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Ave. Room R3022, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.,Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Pawan K Singal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Ave. Room R3022, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada. .,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Ave. Room R3022, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall and the primary underlying cause of cardiovascular disease. Data from in vivo imaging, cell-lineage tracing and knockout studies in mice, as well as clinical interventional studies and advanced mRNA sequencing techniques, have drawn attention to the role of T cells as critical drivers and modifiers of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. CD4+ T cells are commonly found in atherosclerotic plaques. A large body of evidence indicates that T helper 1 (TH1) cells have pro-atherogenic roles and regulatory T (Treg) cells have anti-atherogenic roles. However, Treg cells can become pro-atherogenic. The roles in atherosclerosis of other TH cell subsets such as TH2, TH9, TH17, TH22, follicular helper T cells and CD28null T cells, as well as other T cell subsets including CD8+ T cells and γδ T cells, are less well understood. Moreover, some T cells seem to have both pro-atherogenic and anti-atherogenic functions. In this Review, we summarize the knowledge on T cell subsets, their functions in atherosclerosis and the process of T cell homing to atherosclerotic plaques. Much of our understanding of the roles of T cells in atherosclerosis is based on findings from experimental models. Translating these findings into human disease is challenging but much needed. T cells and their specific cytokines are attractive targets for developing new preventive and therapeutic approaches including potential T cell-related therapies for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Saigusa
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Holger Winkels
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Joffre J, Yeh CC, Wong E, Thete M, Xu F, Zlatanova I, Lloyd E, Kobzik L, Legrand M, Hellman J. Activation of CB 1R Promotes Lipopolysaccharide-Induced IL-10 Secretion by Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressive Cells and Reduces Acute Inflammation and Organ Injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:3339-3350. [PMID: 32385136 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa and its principal components, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol, are increasingly being used to treat a variety of medical problems, including inflammatory conditions. Although studies suggest that the endocannabinoid system has immunomodulatory properties, there remains a paucity of information on the effects of cannabinoids on immunity and on outcomes of infection and injury. We investigated the effects and mechanism(s) of action of cannabinoid receptor agonists, including Δ9-THC, on inflammation and organ injury in endotoxemic mice. Administration of Δ9-THC caused a dramatic early upregulation of plasma IL-10 levels, reduced plasma IL-6 and CCL-2 levels, led to better clinical status, and attenuated organ injury in endotoxemic mice. The anti-inflammatory effects of Δ9-THC in endotoxemic mice were reversed by a cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) inverse agonist (SR141716), and by clodronate-induced myeloid-cell depletion, but not by genetic invalidation or blockade of other putative Δ9-THC receptors, including cannabinoid receptor type 2, TRPV1, GPR18, GPR55, and GPR119. Although Δ9-THC administration reduced the activation of several spleen immune cell subsets, the anti-inflammatory effects of Δ9-THC were preserved in splenectomized endotoxemic mice. Finally, using IL-10-GFP reporter mice, we showed that blood monocytic myeloid-derived suppressive cells mediate the Δ9-THC-induced early rise in circulating IL-10. These results indicate that Δ9-THC potently induces IL-10, while reducing proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and related organ injury in endotoxemic mice via the activation of CB1R. These data have implications for acute and chronic conditions that are driven by dysregulated inflammation, such as sepsis, and raise the possibility that CB1R-signaling may constitute a novel target for inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Joffre
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Che-Chung Yeh
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Erika Wong
- Pediatric Critical Care Division, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Mayuri Thete
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Fengyun Xu
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Ivana Zlatanova
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158; and
| | - Elliot Lloyd
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Lester Kobzik
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Matthieu Legrand
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Judith Hellman
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143;
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Steen EH, Wang X, Balaji S, Butte MJ, Bollyky PL, Keswani SG. The Role of the Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-10 in Tissue Fibrosis. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2020; 9:184-198. [PMID: 32117582 PMCID: PMC7047112 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Fibrosis is the endpoint of chronic disease in multiple organs, including the skin, heart, lungs, intestine, liver, and kidneys. Pathologic accumulation of fibrotic tissue results in a loss of structural integrity and function, with resultant increases in morbidity and mortality. Understanding the pathways governing fibrosis and identifying therapeutic targets within those pathways is necessary to develop novel antifibrotic therapies for fibrotic disease. Recent Advances: Given the connection between inflammation and fibrogenesis, Interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been a focus of potential antifibrotic therapies because of its well-known role as an anti-inflammatory mediator. Despite the apparent dissimilarity of diseases associated with fibrotic progression, pathways involving IL-10 appear to be a conserved molecular theme. More recently, many groups have worked to develop novel delivery tools for recombinant IL-10, such as hydrogels, and cell-based therapies, such as ex vivo activated macrophages, to directly or indirectly modulate IL-10 signaling. Critical Issues: Some efforts in this area, however, have been stymied by IL-10's pleiotropic and sometimes conflicting effects. A deeper, contextual understanding of IL-10 signaling and its interaction with effector cells, particularly immune cells, will be critical to future studies in the field. Future Directions: IL-10 is clearly a gatekeeper of fibrotic/antifibrotic signaling. The development of novel therapeutics and cell-based therapies that capitalize on targets within the IL-10 signaling pathway could have far-reaching implications for patients suffering from the consequences of organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H. Steen
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Swathi Balaji
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Manish J. Butte
- Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul L. Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Sundeep G. Keswani
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
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Kim M, Sahu A, Hwang Y, Kim GB, Nam GH, Kim IS, Chan Kwon I, Tae G. Targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory cytokine by nanocarrier reduces atherosclerosis in Apo E−/- mice. Biomaterials 2020; 226:119550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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40
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Abstract
There is now overwhelming experimental and clinical evidence that atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Lessons from genome-wide association studies, advanced in vivo imaging techniques, transgenic lineage tracing mice, and clinical interventional studies have shown that both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms can accelerate or curb atherosclerosis. Here, we summarize and discuss the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis with a focus on adaptive immunity. We discuss some limitations of animal models and the need for models that are tailored to better translate to human atherosclerosis and ultimately progress in prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Wolf
- From the Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Germany (D.W.).,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (D.W.)
| | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, CA (K.L.).,Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (K.L.)
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Stepanova N, Driianska V, Savchenko S. Dyslipidemia and Intraperitoneal Inflammation Axis in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study. KIDNEY DISEASES 2019; 6:35-42. [PMID: 32021872 DOI: 10.1159/000503632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background We have hypothesized that the problem of dyslipidemia in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients lies beyond certain levels of plasma lipoprotein and involves cardiovascular risk, but can also influence the development of chronic intraperitoneal inflammation. Objectives The aim of our work was to define whether the association of dyslipidemia with intraperitoneal inflammation really exists and if it could it be used in a prospective cohort of PD patients. Patients and Methods We performed a cross-sectional, single-center, pilot study involving 40 nondiabetic PD patients (27 men and 13 women with an average age of 49.3 ± 12.2 years). The median time on PD was 29 (18.5-37) months. The parameters dialysis adequacy, blood lipid profile, and the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and interleukin (IL)-10 in peritoneal dialysate effluent (PDE) were determined. Cohen's d effect size was computed post hoc to determine the differences between groups in the concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Results PD patients with atherogenic dyslipidemia had significantly high levels of MCP-1 compared with dyslipidemia-free patients (Cohen's d = 1.32). A reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was associated with a high intraperitoneal production of the proinflammatory mediator TNF-α (p < 0.0001) and anti-inflammatory IL-10 (p < 0.0001). Atherogenic index of plasma was directly correlated with MCP-1 (p < 0.0001) and TNF-α (p < 0.0001). In multiple regression analysis, MCP-1 appeared to predict PD inadequacy (R 2 = 0.58; F ratio = 9.4; p = 0.006) independently of age and blood C-reactive protein level. Effect size was 1.38 with α = 0.05, n = 40, and 3 predictors. Conclusions Our cross-sectional pilot study first demonstrated a close interaction between the atherogenic lipid profile and a high concentration of MCP-1 in PDE; this might be a prognostic marker for PD inadequacy. The potential significance of our finding is that it provides useful preliminary information necessary for further research into this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Stepanova
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, State Institution, Institute of Nephrology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Victoria Driianska
- Immunology Laboratory, State Institution, Institute of Nephrology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana Savchenko
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, State Institution, Institute of Nephrology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Abstract
The natural history of heart failure (HF) is not linear, because changes in the heart structure and function start long before the disease becomes clinically evident. Many different cytokines originating from intracardiac tissues (cardiomyocytes, cardiac endothelial cells, cardiac fibroblasts, and cardiac infiltrated immune cells) or extracardiac tissues (adipose tissue, gut, and lymphoid organs) have been identified in HF. Because the levels of circulating cytokines correlate with the development and severity of HF, these mediators may have both pathophysiological importance, through their ability to modulate inflammation, myocyte stress/stretch, myocyte injury and apoptosis, fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix remodeling, and utility as clinical predictive biomarkers. A greater understanding of the mechanisms mediated by the multifaceted network of cytokines, leading to distinct HF phenotypes (HF with reduced or preserved ejection fraction), is urgently needed for the development of new treatment strategies. In this chapter, all these issues were thoroughly discussed, pointing on the practical considerations concerning the clinical use of the cytokines as prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Elena Stanciu
- Department of Carcinogenesis and Molecular Biology, Institute of Oncology Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
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43
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Sundermann EE, Hussain MA, Moore DJ, Horvath S, Lin DTS, Kobor MS, Levine A. Inflammation-related genes are associated with epigenetic aging in HIV. J Neurovirol 2019; 25:853-865. [PMID: 31286441 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-019-00777-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is characteristic of both HIV and aging ("inflammaging") and may contribute to the accelerated aging observed in people living with HIV (PLWH). We examined whether three inflammation-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were risk factors for accelerated aging and HIV-associated, non-AIDS (HANA) conditions among PLWH. We examined 155 postmortem cases with HIV (mean age = 47.3, 81% male, 68% self-reported White) from the National NeuroAIDS Tissue Consortium who had pre-mortem neurobehavioral/medical/virologic data and epigenomic data from occipital cortex tissue. Accelerated aging was measured according to the Epigenetic Clock; an aging biomarker based on DNA methylation levels. Past or current age-associated HANA conditions including cerebrovascular, liver and kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, and diabetes were determined via self-report. Epigenetic Aging Z-scores and likelihood of past/current HANA conditions were compared between major allele homozygotes and minor allele carriers for each SNP (IL-6 - 174G>C, IL-10 - 592C>A, TNF-α - 308 G>A) separately. Analyses were adjusted for relevant demographic/clinical factors. Epigenetic aging (e.g., higher Z-scores) was significantly greater in IL-6 C allele carriers (p = .002) and IL-10 CC homozygotes (p = .02) compared to other genotype groups. The likelihood of any past/current HANA condition did not differ by IL-10 genotype but was 3.36 times greater in IL-6 C allele carriers versus others (OR = 3.36, 95%CI = 1.09-10.34, p = .03). TNF-α genotype was not associated with epigenetic aging or HANA conditions. IL-6 and IL-10 SNPs may help to identify PLWH who are at high risk for accelerated aging. These insights into pathophysiological pathways may inform interventional approaches to treat rapid aging among PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Sundermann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Mariam A Hussain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Ct, San Diego, CA, 92120, USA
| | - David J Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Steven Horvath
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David T S Lin
- The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Andrew Levine
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Vila-Caballer M, González-Granado JM, Zorita V, Abu Nabah YN, Silvestre-Roig C, Del Monte-Monge A, Molina-Sánchez P, Ait-Oufella H, Andrés-Manzano MJ, Sanz MJ, Weber C, Kremer L, Gutiérrez J, Mallat Z, Andrés V. Disruption of the CCL1-CCR8 axis inhibits vascular Treg recruitment and function and promotes atherosclerosis in mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 132:154-163. [PMID: 31121182 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The CC chemokine 1 (CCL1, also called I-309 or TCA3) is a potent chemoattractant for leukocytes that plays an important role in inflammatory processes and diseases through binding to its receptor CCR8. Here, we investigated the role of the CCL1-CCR8 axis in atherosclerosis. We found increased expression of CCL1 in the aortas of atherosclerosis-prone fat-fed apolipoprotein E (Apoe)-null mice; moreover, in vitro flow chamber assays and in vivo intravital microscopy demonstrated an essential role for CCL1 in leukocyte recruitment. Mice doubly deficient for CCL1 and Apoe exhibited enhanced atherosclerosis in aorta, which was associated with reduced plasma levels of the anti-inflammatory interleukin 10, an increased splenocyte Th1/Th2 ratio, and a reduced regulatory T cell (Treg) content in aorta and spleen. Reduced Treg recruitment and aggravated atherosclerosis were also detected in the aortas of fat-fed low-density lipoprotein receptor-null mice treated with CCR8 blocking antibodies. These findings demonstrate that disruption of the CCL1-CCR8 axis promotes atherosclerosis by inhibiting interleukin 10 production and Treg recruitment and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Vila-Caballer
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain; Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU (CEU Universities), Valencia, Spain
| | - José M González-Granado
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Spain; LamImSys Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Zorita
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yafa N Abu Nabah
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Silvestre-Roig
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Alberto Del Monte-Monge
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Spain
| | | | - Hafid Ait-Oufella
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - María J Andrés-Manzano
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Spain
| | - María J Sanz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad de Valencia and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonor Kremer
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Spain.
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Abstract
There is now overwhelming experimental and clinical evidence that arteriosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Lessons learned from genome-wide association studies, advanced in vivo imaging techniques, transgenic lineage tracing mice models and clinical interventional studies have shown that both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms can accelerate or curb arteriosclerosis. This article summarizes and discusses the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis with a focus on the role of the adaptive immune system. Some limitations of animal models are discussed and the need for models that are tailored to better translate to human atherosclerosis and ultimately progress in prevention and treatment are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wolf
- Abteilung für Kardiologie und Angiologie I, Universitäts-Herzzentrum Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
- Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - K Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Cir, 92037, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Kulshrestha H, Gupta V, Mishra S, Mahdi AA, Awasthi S, Kumar S. Interleukin-10 as a novel biomarker of metabolic risk factors. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2018; 12:543-547. [PMID: 29615317 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an adipocytokine that is abundantly expressed in visceral fat tissue. We investigated the association of interleukin-10 with the number of metabolic risk factors. FINDING The study population comprised 220 children who underwent annual health checkups. Plasma Interleukin-10 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We divided the subjects into 4 groups according to Interleukin-10 levels. A reduction of plasma interleukin-10 levels significantly correlated with an increase in the mean number of metabolic risk factors such as increased waist circumference, BMI, dyslipidaemia, high blood pressure and glucose intolerance. CONCLUSIONS Circulating Interleukin-10 levels negatively correlated with the multiplicity of metabolic risk factors, suggesting that IL-10 acts as a biomarker of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Kulshrestha
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Vani Gupta
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.
| | - Sameeksha Mishra
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Shelly Awasthi
- Department of Paediatrics, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
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Shen X, Zou J, Li F, Zhang T, Guo T. Lysophosphatidic acid enhances neointimal hyperplasia following vascular injury through modulating proliferation, autophagy, inflammation and oxidative stress. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:87-96. [PMID: 29749484 PMCID: PMC6059717 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which is one of the intermediate products of membrane phospholipid metabolism, is a bioactive phospholipid that possesses diverse activities. In the present study, the effects of LPA on neointimal formation following vascular injury were investigated. A carotid artery balloon injury model was employed in the present study, and following vascular injury, rats received an intraperitoneal injection of 1 mg/kg LPA. Subsequently, histopathological alterations were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, the expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were detected by immunohistochemistry, apoptosis was assessed via a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay, and the expression levels of apoptosis-associated and autophagy-associated proteins were detected by western blotting. In addition, inflammatory and oxidative stress-associated factors were assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction or corresponding kits. The results of the present study demonstrated that LPA enhanced vascular injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia. LPA further elevated the expression levels of PCNA in the injured carotid artery tissues. LPA exhibited no effect on apoptosis in carotid artery tissues, whereas it modulated autophagy in the injured carotid artery tissues. Furthermore, LPA enhanced vascular injury-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. The present study demonstrated that LPA may enhance neointimal hyperplasia following vascular injury by modulating proliferation, autophagy, inflammation and oxidative stress, but not apoptosis. Furthermore LPA may contribute to the pathology of atherosclerosis and may be considered a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Shen
- Third Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of China Medical University, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Zou
- Third Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of China Medical University, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Fuyong Li
- Third Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of China Medical University, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Tianhe Zhang
- Third Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of China Medical University, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Tongqi Guo
- Third Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of China Medical University, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
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Posadas-Sánchez R, Angeles-Martínez J, Pérez-Hernández N, Rodríguez-Pérez JM, López-Bautista F, Flores-Dominguez C, Fragoso JM, Posadas-Romero C, Vargas-Alarcón G. The IL-10-1082 (rs1800896) G allele is associated with a decreased risk of developing premature coronary artery disease and some IL-10 polymorphisms were associated with clinical and metabolic parameters. The GEA study. Cytokine 2018. [PMID: 29525679 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine with a protective role in the formation and the development of the atherosclerotic plaque. The aim of the present study was to establish if IL-10 gene polymorphisms are associated with the development of premature coronary artery disease (pCAD) and cardiovascular risk factors in Mexican individuals. Three IL-10 gene polymorphisms [-592C/A (rs1800872), -819C/T (rs1800871), and -1082 A/G (rs1800896)] and IL-10 plasma levels were analyzed in 2266 individuals (1160 pCAD patients and 1106 healthy controls). Under recessive and co-dominant2 models, the -1082 A/G (rs1800896) G allele was associated with decreased risk of developing pCAD (OR = 0.572, Prec = 0.022 and OR = 0.567, Pcod2 = 0.023). In pCAD patients, the polymorphisms were associated with hyperinsulinemia, small and dense LDLs, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. In the control group, the polymorphisms were associated with hypertension, hyperuricemia, and small and dense LDLs. pCAD patients have significantly higher IL-10 plasma levels than healthy controls [0.91 (0.55-1.67) pg/mL vs 0.45 (0.24-0.98) pg/mL, respectively, P < 0.0001]. Nevertheless, these levels were not associated with the genotypes analyzed in the present study. The results suggest that the IL-10-1082 A/G (rs1800896) G allele is associated with a decreased risk of developing pCAD. In patients and controls, the polymorphisms analyzed were associated with some cardiovascular risk factors. Although, in pCAD patients the IL-10 plasma levels were higher, they were not associated with the genotypes of the polymorphisms examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Angeles-Martínez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nonanzit Pérez-Hernández
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Fabiola López-Bautista
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carmina Flores-Dominguez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Fragoso
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Posadas-Romero
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
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49
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Schmid PM, Bouazzaoui A, Schmid K, Birner CM, Schach C, Maier LS, Holler E, Endemann DH. Vascular Alterations in a Murine Model of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease Are Associated with Decreased Serum Levels of Adiponectin and an Increased Activity and Vascular Expression of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase. Cell Transplant 2018; 25:2051-2062. [PMID: 27196361 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x691646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the limiting complication after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), and its pathophysiology seems to be highly influenced by vascular factors. Our study aimed at elucidating possible mechanisms involved in vascular GVHD. For this purpose, we used a fully MHC-mismatched model of BALB/c mice conditioned according to two different intensity protocols with total body irradiation and transplantation of allogeneic (C57BL/6) or syngeneic bone marrow cells and splenocytes. Mesenteric resistance arteries were studied in a pressurized myograph. We also quantified the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), endothelial (eNOS), and inducible NO synthase (iNOS), as well as several pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. We measured the serum levels of tryptophan (trp) and kynurenine (kyn), the kyn/trp ratio (KTR) as a marker of IDO activity, and adiponectin (APN). The myographic study showed a correlation of GVHD severity after allogeneic BMT with functional vessel alterations that started with increased vessel stress and ended in eccentric vessel remodeling, increased vessel strain, and endothelial dysfunction. These alterations were accompanied by increasing IDO activity and decreasing APN levels in the serum of allogeneic animals. The mRNA expression showed significantly elevated IDO, decreased eNOS, and elevation of most studied pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Our study provides further data supporting the importance of vessel alterations in GVHD and is the first to show an association of vascular GVHD with hypoadiponectinemia and an increased activity and vascular expression of IDO. Whether there is also a causative involvement of these two factors in the development of GVHD needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine 2-Cardiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Abdellatif Bouazzaoui
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karin Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph M Birner
- Department of Internal Medicine 2-Cardiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schach
- Department of Internal Medicine 2-Cardiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine 2-Cardiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ernst Holler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dierk H Endemann
- Department of Internal Medicine 2-Cardiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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50
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Dai X, Zhang D, Wang C, Wu Z, Liang C. The Pivotal Role of Thymus in Atherosclerosis Mediated by Immune and Inflammatory Response. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:1555-1563. [PMID: 30443178 PMCID: PMC6216065 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.27238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one kind of chronic inflammatory disease, in which multiple types of immune cells or factors are involved. Data from experimental and clinical studies on atherosclerosis have confirmed the key roles of immune cells and inflammation in such process. The thymus as a key organ in T lymphocyte ontogenesis has an important role in optimizing immune system function throughout the life, and dysfunction of thymus has been proved to be associated with severity of atherosclerosis. Based on previous research, we begin with the hypothesis that low density lipoprotein or cholesterol reduces the expression of the thymus transcription factor Foxn1 via low density lipoprotein receptors on the membrane surface and low density lipoprotein receptor related proteins on the cell surface, which cause the thymus function decline or degradation. The imbalance of T cell subgroups and the decrease of naive T cells due to thymus dysfunction cause the increase or decrease in the secretion of various inflammatory factors, which in turn aggravates or inhibits atherosclerosis progression and cardiovascular events. Hence, thymus may be the pivotal role in coronary heart disease mediated by atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events and it can imply a novel treatment strategy for the clinical management of patients with atherosclerosis in addition to different commercial drugs. Modulation of immune system by inducing thymus function may be a therapeutic approach for the prevention of atherosclerosis. Purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss the recent advances about the impact of thymus function on atherosclerosis by the data from animal or human studies and the potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.,Department of Cardiology, 101 Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu province 214041, China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Zonggui Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Chun Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
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