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Elezaby A, Lin AJ, Vijayan V, Pokhrel S, Kraemer BR, Bechara LRG, Larus I, Sun J, Baena V, Syed ZA, Murphy E, Glancy B, Ostberg NP, Queliconi BB, Campos JC, Ferreira JCB, Haileselassie B, Mochly-Rosen D. Cardiac troponin I directly binds and inhibits mitochondrial ATP synthase with a noncanonical role in the post-ischemic heart. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2024; 3:987-1002. [PMID: 39196031 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-024-00512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a key regulator of cardiomyocyte contraction. However, its role in mitochondria is unknown. Here we show that cTnI localized to mitochondria in the heart, inhibited mitochondrial functions when stably expressed in noncardiac cells and increased the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore under oxidative stress. Direct, specific and saturable binding of cTnI to F1FO-ATP synthase was demonstrated in vitro using immune-captured ATP synthase and in cells using proximity ligation assay. cTnI binding doubled ATPase activity, whereas skeletal troponin I and several human pathogenic cTnI variants associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy did not. A rationally designed peptide, P888, inhibited cTnI binding to ATP synthase, inhibited cTnI-induced increase in ATPase activity in vitro and reduced cardiac injury following transient ischemia in vivo. We suggest that cTnI-bound ATP synthase results in lower ATP levels, and releasing this interaction during cardiac ischemia-reperfusion may increase the reservoir of functional mitochondria to reduce cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aly Elezaby
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amanda J Lin
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vijith Vijayan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin R Kraemer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Luiz R G Bechara
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel Larus
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Junhui Sun
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Valentina Baena
- Electron Microscopy Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zulfeqhar A Syed
- Electron Microscopy Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Murphy
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian Glancy
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicolai P Ostberg
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bruno B Queliconi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Juliane C Campos
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio C B Ferreira
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bereketeab Haileselassie
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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2
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Comyn T, Preat T, Pavlowsky A, Plaçais PY. PKCδ is an activator of neuronal mitochondrial metabolism that mediates the spacing effect on memory consolidation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.06.561186. [PMID: 38948698 PMCID: PMC11212906 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.06.561186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Relevance-based selectivity and high energy cost are two distinct features of long-term memory (LTM) formation that warrant its default inhibition. Spaced repetition of learning is a highly conserved cognitive mechanism that can lift this inhibition. Here, we questioned how the spacing effect integrates experience selection and energy efficiency at the cellular and molecular levels. We showed in Drosophila that spaced training triggers LTM formation by extending over several hours an increased mitochondrial metabolic activity in neurons of the associative memory center, the mushroom bodies (MBs). We found that this effect is mediated by PKCδ, a member of the so-called 'novel PKC' family of enzymes, which uncovers the critical function of PKCδ in neurons as a regulator of mitochondrial metabolism for LTM. Additionally, PKCδ activation and translocation to mitochondria result from LTM-specific dopamine signaling on MB neurons. By bridging experience-dependent neuronal circuit activity with metabolic modulation of memory-encoding neurons, PKCδ signaling binds the cognitive and metabolic constraints underlying LTM formation into a unified gating mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Typhaine Comyn
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Preat
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alice Pavlowsky
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
- Co-corresponding authors
| | - Pierre-Yves Plaçais
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
- Co-corresponding authors
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3
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Jia H, Chang Y, Song J. The pig as an optimal animal model for cardiovascular research. Lab Anim (NY) 2024; 53:136-147. [PMID: 38773343 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-024-01377-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a worldwide health problem and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Preclinical cardiovascular research using animals is needed to explore potential targets and therapeutic options. Compared with rodents, pigs have many advantages, with their anatomy, physiology, metabolism and immune system being more similar to humans. Here we present an overview of the available pig models for cardiovascular diseases, discuss their advantages over other models and propose the concept of standardized models to improve translation to the clinical setting and control research costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, China.
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4
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Boengler K, Eickelmann C, Kleinbongard P. Mitochondrial Kinase Signaling for Cardioprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4491. [PMID: 38674076 PMCID: PMC11049936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury is reduced by cardioprotective adaptations such as local or remote ischemic conditioning. The cardioprotective stimuli activate signaling cascades, which converge on mitochondria and maintain the function of the organelles, which is critical for cell survival. The signaling cascades include not only extracellular molecules that activate sarcolemmal receptor-dependent or -independent protein kinases that signal at the plasma membrane or in the cytosol, but also involve kinases, which are located to or within mitochondria, phosphorylate mitochondrial target proteins, and thereby modify, e.g., respiration, the generation of reactive oxygen species, calcium handling, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, or apoptosis. In the present review, we give a personal and opinionated overview of selected protein kinases, localized to/within myocardial mitochondria, and summarize the available data on their role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and protection from it. We highlight the regulation of mitochondrial function by these mitochondrial protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Boengler
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Chantal Eickelmann
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, 45147 Essen, Germany; (C.E.); (P.K.)
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, 45147 Essen, Germany; (C.E.); (P.K.)
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5
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Zhu W, Ben Y, Shen Y, Liu W. Vericiguat protects against cardiac damage in a pig model of ischemia/reperfusion. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295566. [PMID: 38134018 PMCID: PMC10745182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this research was to verify that vericiguat, a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator, reduces myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury (MIRI), and to learn how this reduction happens. METHODS AND RESULTS To develop an ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) model, the left anterior descending artery was blocked in minipigs under anesthesia for 90 minutes, followed by 180 minutes of reperfusion. Vericiguat is administered three hours before surgery. Two weeks after receiving therapy, pigs underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the results. The MRI results suggest improvement in the myocardial infarct after vericiguat treatment. Vericiguat treatment for two weeks enhanced vascularity, inhibited pro-inflammatory cells, and decreased collagen deposition in the infarct zone of pigs. Short-term experiments investigating possible explanations have indicated that vericiguat has antiapoptotic effects on cardiomyocytes and increases levels of autophagy. CONCLUSIONS Vericiguat, an SGC activator, reduces MIRI in pigs by boosting autophagy, preventing apoptosis, and promoting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weida Zhu
- The Department of Cardiology, Yizheng Hospital of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Yizheng, Jiangsu, China
- The Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Ben
- The Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Shen
- The Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenbing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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6
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Xiao Q, Wang D, Li D, Huang J, Ma F, Zhang H, Sheng Y, Zhang C, Ha X. Protein kinase C: A potential therapeutic target for endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108565. [PMID: 37540984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that play an important role in many organs and systems and whose activation contributes significantly to endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. The increase in diacylglycerol (DAG) under high glucose conditions mediates PKC activation and synthesis, which stimulates oxidative stress and inflammation, resulting in impaired endothelial cell function. This article reviews the contribution of PKC to the development of diabetes-related endothelial dysfunction and summarizes the drugs that inhibit PKC activation, with the aim of exploring therapeutic modalities that may alleviate endothelial dysfunction in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Laboratory, Ninth Forty Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Security Force, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China; School of Public Health, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Laboratory, Ninth Forty Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Security Force, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China; School of Public Health, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Danyang Li
- School of Public Health, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Laboratory, Ninth Forty Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Security Force, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China; School of Public Health, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Feifei Ma
- Department of Laboratory, Ninth Forty Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Security Force, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Haocheng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, Ninth Forty Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Security Force, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yingda Sheng
- Department of Laboratory, Ninth Forty Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Security Force, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China; School of Public Health, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Caimei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, Ninth Forty Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Security Force, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China; School of Public Health, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ha
- Department of Laboratory, Ninth Forty Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Security Force, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China; School of Public Health, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
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7
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Pedriali G, Ramaccini D, Bouhamida E, Wieckowski MR, Giorgi C, Tremoli E, Pinton P. Perspectives on mitochondrial relevance in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1082095. [PMID: 36561366 PMCID: PMC9763599 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1082095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death worldwide and in particular, ischemic heart disease holds the most considerable position. Even if it has been deeply studied, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is still a side-effect of the clinical treatment for several heart diseases: ischemia process itself leads to temporary damage to heart tissue and obviously the recovery of blood flow is promptly required even if it worsens the ischemic injury. There is no doubt that mitochondria play a key role in pathogenesis of IRI: dysfunctions of these important organelles alter cell homeostasis and survival. It has been demonstrated that during IRI the system of mitochondrial quality control undergoes alterations with the disruption of the complex balance between the processes of mitochondrial fusion, fission, biogenesis and mitophagy. The fundamental role of mitochondria is carried out thanks to the finely regulated connection to other organelles such as plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus, therefore impairments of these inter-organelle communications exacerbate IRI. This review pointed to enhance the importance of the mitochondrial network in the pathogenesis of IRI with the aim to focus on potential mitochondria-targeting therapies as new approach to control heart tissue damage after ischemia and reperfusion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Pedriali
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | | | - Esmaa Bouhamida
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Mariusz R. Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Science, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, Cotignola, Italy,*Correspondence: Paolo Pinton, ; Elena Tremoli,
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, Cotignola, Italy,Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Science, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy,*Correspondence: Paolo Pinton, ; Elena Tremoli,
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8
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Efentakis P, Andreadou I, Iliodromitis KE, Triposkiadis F, Ferdinandy P, Schulz R, Iliodromitis EK. Myocardial Protection and Current Cancer Therapy: Two Opposite Targets with Inevitable Cost. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14121. [PMID: 36430599 PMCID: PMC9696420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is mediated by various ligands, activating different cellular signaling cascades. These include classical cytosolic mediators such as cyclic-GMP (c-GMP), various kinases such as Phosphatydilinositol-3- (PI3K), Protein Kinase B (Akt), Mitogen-Activated-Protein- (MAPK) and AMP-activated (AMPK) kinases, transcription factors such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and bioactive molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Most of the aforementioned signaling molecules constitute targets of anticancer therapy; as they are also involved in carcinogenesis, most of the current anti-neoplastic drugs lead to concomitant weakening or even complete abrogation of myocardial cell tolerance to ischemic or oxidative stress. Furthermore, many anti-neoplastic drugs may directly induce cardiotoxicity via their pharmacological effects, or indirectly via their cardiovascular side effects. The combination of direct drug cardiotoxicity, indirect cardiovascular side effects and neutralization of the cardioprotective defense mechanisms of the heart by prolonged cancer treatment may induce long-term ventricular dysfunction, or even clinically manifested heart failure. We present a narrative review of three therapeutic interventions, namely VEGF, proteasome and Immune Checkpoint inhibitors, having opposing effects on the same intracellular signal cascades thereby affecting the heart. Moreover, we herein comment on the current guidelines for managing cardiotoxicity in the clinical setting and on the role of cardiovascular confounders in cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Efentakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
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9
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Cai W, Xu D, Zeng C, Liao F, Li R, Lin Y, Zhao Y, Dong W, Wang Q, Yang H, Wen D, Gu J, Shentu W, Yu H, Zhang X, Wei J, Duan J. Modulating Lysine Crotonylation in Cardiomyocytes Improves Myocardial Outcomes. Circ Res 2022; 131:456-472. [PMID: 35920168 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic heart disease is a major global public health challenge, and its functional outcomes remain poor. Lysine crotonylation (Kcr) was recently identified as a post-translational histone modification that robustly indicates active promoters. However, the role of Kcr in myocardial injury is unknown. In this study, we aimed to clarify the pathophysiological significance of Kcr in cardiac injury and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS We investigated the dynamic change of both the Kcr sites and protein level in left ventricular tissues at 2 time points following sham or cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, followed by liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass tag mass spectrometry. After validation of the enriched protein Kcr by immunoprecipitation and Western blot, the function and mechanism of specific Kcr sites were further investigated in vitro and in vivo by gain- or loss-of-function mutations targeting Kcr sites of selected proteins. RESULTS We found that cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury triggers preferential Kcr of proteins required for cardiomyocyte contractility, including mitochondrial and cytoskeleton proteins, which occurs largely independently of protein-level changes in the same proteins. Those exhibiting Kcr changes were associated not only with disruption of cardiomyocyte mitochondrial, sarcomere architecture, and gap junction but also with cardiomyocyte autophagy and apoptosis. Modulating site-specific Kcr of selected mitochondrial protein IDH3a (isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 [NAD+] alpha) at K199 and cytoskeletal protein TPM1 (tropomyosin alpha-1 chain) at K28/29 or enhancing general Kcr via sodium crotonate provision not only protects cardiomyocyte from apoptosis by inhibiting BNIP3 (Bcl-2 adenovirus E18 19-kDa-interacting protein 3)-mediated mitophagy or cytoskeleton structure rearrangement but also preserves postinjury myocardial function by inhibiting fibrosis and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that Kcr modulation is a key response of cardiomyocytes to ischemia-reperfusion injury and may represent a novel therapeutic target in the context of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Cai
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics (W.C., D.X., C.Z., R.L., Y.L., Y.Z., W.D., Q.W., D.W., H.G., J.W., J.D.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Dacai Xu
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics (W.C., D.X., C.Z., R.L., Y.L., Y.Z., W.D., Q.W., D.W., H.G., J.W., J.D.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai (D.X.)
| | - Chui Zeng
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics (W.C., D.X., C.Z., R.L., Y.L., Y.Z., W.D., Q.W., D.W., H.G., J.W., J.D.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Fan Liao
- Medical College of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou (F.L., J.D.)
| | - Ruiqi Li
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics (W.C., D.X., C.Z., R.L., Y.L., Y.Z., W.D., Q.W., D.W., H.G., J.W., J.D.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yingjiong Lin
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics (W.C., D.X., C.Z., R.L., Y.L., Y.Z., W.D., Q.W., D.W., H.G., J.W., J.D.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics (W.C., D.X., C.Z., R.L., Y.L., Y.Z., W.D., Q.W., D.W., H.G., J.W., J.D.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Wenyan Dong
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics (W.C., D.X., C.Z., R.L., Y.L., Y.Z., W.D., Q.W., D.W., H.G., J.W., J.D.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Qingwen Wang
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics (W.C., D.X., C.Z., R.L., Y.L., Y.Z., W.D., Q.W., D.W., H.G., J.W., J.D.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Haili Yang
- Pathology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (H.Y.)
| | - Daqiang Wen
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics (W.C., D.X., C.Z., R.L., Y.L., Y.Z., W.D., Q.W., D.W., H.G., J.W., J.D.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Jianbiao Gu
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics (W.C., D.X., C.Z., R.L., Y.L., Y.Z., W.D., Q.W., D.W., H.G., J.W., J.D.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Weihui Shentu
- Department of Ultrasonography (W.S., H.Y.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Hongkui Yu
- Department of Ultrasonography (W.S., H.Y.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Radiology Department (X.Z.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Jianrui Wei
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics (W.C., D.X., C.Z., R.L., Y.L., Y.Z., W.D., Q.W., D.W., H.G., J.W., J.D.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Jinzhu Duan
- Heart Center and Institute of Pediatrics (W.C., D.X., C.Z., R.L., Y.L., Y.Z., W.D., Q.W., D.W., H.G., J.W., J.D.), Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China.,Medical College of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou (F.L., J.D.)
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10
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Becker F, Kebschull L, Rieger C, Mohr A, Heitplatz B, Van Marck V, Hansen U, Ansari J, Reuter S, Strücker B, Pascher A, Brockmann JG, Castor T, Alexander JS, Gavins FNE. Bryostatin-1 Attenuates Ischemia-Elicited Neutrophil Transmigration and Ameliorates Graft Injury after Kidney Transplantation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060948. [PMID: 35326400 PMCID: PMC8946580 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a form of sterile inflammation whose severity determines short- and long-term graft fates in kidney transplantation. Neutrophils are now recognized as a key cell type mediating early graft injury, which activates further innate immune responses and intensifies acquired immunity and alloimmunity. Since the macrolide Bryostatin-1 has been shown to block neutrophil transmigration, we aimed to determine whether these findings could be translated to the field of kidney transplantation. To study the effects of Bryostatin-1 on ischemia-elicited neutrophil transmigration, an in vitro model of hypoxia and normoxia was equipped with human endothelial cells and neutrophils. To translate these findings, a porcine renal autotransplantation model with eight hours of reperfusion was used to study neutrophil infiltration in vivo. Graft-specific treatment using Bryostatin-1 (100 nM) was applied during static cold storage. Bryostatin-1 dose-dependently blocked neutrophil activation and transmigration over ischemically challenged endothelial cell monolayers. When applied to porcine renal autografts, Bryostatin-1 reduced neutrophil graft infiltration, attenuated histological and ultrastructural damage, and improved renal function. Our novel findings demonstrate that Bryostatin-1 is a promising pharmacological candidate for graft-specific treatment in kidney transplantation, as it provides protection by blocking neutrophil infiltration and attenuating functional graft injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Becker
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (F.B.); (L.K.); (C.R.); (A.M.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (J.G.B.)
| | - Linus Kebschull
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (F.B.); (L.K.); (C.R.); (A.M.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (J.G.B.)
| | - Constantin Rieger
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (F.B.); (L.K.); (C.R.); (A.M.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (J.G.B.)
| | - Annika Mohr
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (F.B.); (L.K.); (C.R.); (A.M.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (J.G.B.)
| | - Barbara Heitplatz
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (B.H.); (V.V.M.)
| | - Veerle Van Marck
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (B.H.); (V.V.M.)
| | - Uwe Hansen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Junaid Ansari
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA;
| | - Stefan Reuter
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine D, University Hospital of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Benjamin Strücker
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (F.B.); (L.K.); (C.R.); (A.M.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (J.G.B.)
| | - Andreas Pascher
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (F.B.); (L.K.); (C.R.); (A.M.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (J.G.B.)
| | - Jens G. Brockmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (F.B.); (L.K.); (C.R.); (A.M.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (J.G.B.)
| | | | - J. Steve Alexander
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
- Correspondence: (J.S.A.); (F.N.E.G.)
| | - Felicity N. E. Gavins
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine (CIRTM), Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
- Correspondence: (J.S.A.); (F.N.E.G.)
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11
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Miao LN, Pan D, Shi J, Du JP, Chen PF, Gao J, Yu Y, Shi DZ, Guo M. Role and Mechanism of PKC-δ for Cardiovascular Disease: Current Status and Perspective. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:816369. [PMID: 35242825 PMCID: PMC8885814 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.816369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a protein kinase with important cellular functions. PKC-δ, a member of the novel PKC subfamily, has been well-documented over the years. Activation of PKC-δ plays an important regulatory role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IRI) injury and myocardial fibrosis, and its activity and expression levels can regulate pathological cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. This article aims to review the structure and function of PKC-δ, summarize the current research regarding its activation mechanism and its role in cardiovascular disease, and provide novel insight into further research on the role of PKC-δ in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-na Miao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Deng Pan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junhe Shi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-peng Du
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Heart Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-fei Chen
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Heart Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqiao Yu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Da-Zhuo Shi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Heart Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Da-Zhuo Shi
| | - Ming Guo
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Heart Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ming Guo
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12
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Chen L, Shi D, Guo M. The roles of PKC-δ and PKC-ε in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105716. [PMID: 34102229 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) cause a reduction in arterial blood supply to tissues, followed by the restoration of perfusion and consequent reoxygenation. The reestablishment of blood flow triggers further damage to ischemic tissue through reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, interference with cellular ion homeostasis, opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTPs) and promotion of cell death (apoptosis or necrosis). PKC-δ and PKC-ε, belonging to a family of serine/threonine kinases, have been demonstrated to play important roles during I/R injury in cardiovascular diseases. However, the cardioprotective mechanisms of PKC-δ and PKC-ε in I/R injury have not been elaborated until now. This article discusses the roles of PKC-δ and PKC-ε during myocardial I/R in redox regulation (redox signaling and oxidative stress), cell death (apoptosis and necrosis), Ca2+ overload, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xi yuan), Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dazhuo Shi
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ming Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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13
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Tejedor S, Dolz‐Pérez I, Decker CG, Hernándiz A, Diez JL, Álvarez R, Castellano D, García NA, Ontoria‐Oviedo I, Nebot VJ, González‐King H, Igual B, Sepúlveda P, Vicent MJ. Polymer Conjugation of Docosahexaenoic Acid Potentiates Cardioprotective Therapy in Preclinical Models of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002121. [PMID: 33720548 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
While coronary angioplasty represents an effective treatment option following acute myocardial infarction, the reperfusion of the occluded coronary artery can prompt ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury that significantly impacts patient outcomes. As ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have proven, yet limited cardioprotective abilities, an optimized polymer-conjugation approach is reported that improves PUFAs bioavailability to enhance cardioprotection and recovery in animal models of I/R-induced injury. Poly-l-glutamic acid (PGA) conjugation improves the solubility and stability of di-docosahexaenoic acid (diDHA) under physiological conditions and protects rat neonatal ventricular myocytes from I/R injury by reducing apoptosis, attenuating autophagy, inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation, and restoring mitochondrial membrane potential. Enhanced protective abilities are associated with optimized diDHA loading and evidence is provided for the inherent cardioprotective potential of PGA itself. Pretreatment with PGA-diDHA before reperfusion in a small animal I/R model provides for cardioprotection and limits area at risk (AAR). Furthermore, the preliminary findings suggest that PGA-diDHA administration in a swine I/R model may provide cardioprotection, limit edema and decrease AAR. Overall, the evaluation of PGA-diDHA in relevant preclinical models provides evidence for the potential of polymer-conjugated PUFAs in the mitigation of I/R injury associated with coronary angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tejedor
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Irene Dolz‐Pérez
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia E‐46012 Spain
| | - Caitlin G. Decker
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia E‐46012 Spain
| | - Amparo Hernándiz
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Jose L. Diez
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Raquel Álvarez
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Delia Castellano
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Nahuel A. García
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Imelda Ontoria‐Oviedo
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Vicent J. Nebot
- Polypeptide Therapeutic Solutions S.L. Av. Benjamin Franklin 19, Paterna Valencia 46980 Spain
| | - Hernán González‐King
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Begoña Igual
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Pilar Sepúlveda
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - María J. Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia E‐46012 Spain
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14
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Kretzschmar T, Wu JMF, Schulze PC. Mitochondrial Homeostasis Mediates Lipotoxicity in the Failing Myocardium. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1498. [PMID: 33540894 PMCID: PMC7867320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure remains the most common cause of death in the industrialized world. In spite of new therapeutic interventions that are constantly being developed, it is still not possible to completely protect against heart failure development and progression. This shows how much more research is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms of this process. In this review, we give a detailed overview of the contribution of impaired mitochondrial dynamics and energy homeostasis during heart failure progression. In particular, we focus on the regulation of fatty acid metabolism and the effects of fatty acid accumulation on mitochondrial structural and functional homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - P. Christian Schulze
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Thüringen, Germany; (T.K.); (J.M.F.W.)
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15
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Ma Z, Shen Z, Gong Y, Zhou J, Chen X, Lv Q, Wang M, Chen J, Yu M, Fu G, He H, Lai D. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified underlying hub genes and mechanisms in the occurrence and development of viral myocarditis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1348. [PMID: 33313093 PMCID: PMC7723587 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Myocarditis is an inflammatory myocardial disease, which may lead to heart failure and sudden death. Despite extensive research into the pathogenesis of myocarditis, effective treatments for this condition remain elusive. This study aimed to explore the potential pathogenesis and hub genes for viral myocarditis. Methods A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed based on the gene expression profiles derived from mouse models at different stages of viral myocarditis (GSE35182). Functional annotation was executed within the key modules. Potential hub genes were predicted based on the intramodular connectivity (IC). Finally, potential microRNAs that regulate gene expression were predicted by miRNet analysis. Results Three gene co-expression modules showed the strongest correlation with the acute or chronic disease stage. A significant positive correlation was detected between the acute disease stage and the turquoise module, the genes of which were mainly enriched in antiviral response and immune-inflammatory activation. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation and a negative correlation were identified between the chronic disease stage and the brown and yellow modules, respectively. These modules were mainly associated with the cytoskeleton, phosphorylation, cellular catabolic process, and autophagy. Subsequently, we predicted the underlying hub genes and microRNAs in the three modules. Conclusions This study revealed the main biological processes in different stages of viral myocarditis and predicted hub genes in both the acute and chronic disease stages. Our results may be helpful for developing new therapeutic targets for viral myocarditis in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zetao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhida Shen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingchao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingbo Lv
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guosheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongwu Lai
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Wu Y, Liu H, Wang X. Cardioprotection of pharmacological postconditioning on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Life Sci 2020; 264:118628. [PMID: 33131670 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality and can cause irreversible myocardial damage. Timely reperfusion is critical to limit infarct size and salvage the ischemic myocardium. However, reperfusion may exacerbate lethal tissue injury, a phenomenon known as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Pharmacological postconditioning (PPC), a strategy involving medication administration before or during the early minutes of reperfusion, is more efficient and flexible than preconditioning or ischemic conditioning. Previous studies have shown that various mechanisms are involved in the effects of PPC. In this review, we summarize the relative effects and potential underlying mechanisms of PPC to provide a foundation for future research attempting to develop novel treatments against myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, NO. 253, Gongye Avenue, 510282 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for cardiovascular Disease, 510282 Guangzhou, China; Sino-Japanese cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, 510282 Guangzhou, China; Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510282 Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiqiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, NO. 253, Gongye Avenue, 510282 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for cardiovascular Disease, 510282 Guangzhou, China; Sino-Japanese cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, 510282 Guangzhou, China; Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510282 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianbao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, NO. 253, Gongye Avenue, 510282 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for cardiovascular Disease, 510282 Guangzhou, China; Sino-Japanese cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, 510282 Guangzhou, China; Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510282 Guangzhou, China.
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17
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Zhu J, Zhang G, Song Z, Xiang X, Shu S, Liu Z, Yang D, Wei Q, Dong Z. Protein Kinase C- δ Mediates Kidney Tubular Injury in Cold Storage-Associated Kidney Transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:1050-1065. [PMID: 32291286 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019101060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney injury associated with cold storage is a determinant of delayed graft function and the long-term outcome of transplanted kidneys, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We previously reported a role of protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ) in renal tubular injury during cisplatin nephrotoxicity and albumin-associated kidney injury, but whether PKCδ is involved in ischemic or transplantation-associated kidney injury is unknown. METHODS To investigate PKCδ's potential role in injury during cold storage-associated transplantation, we incubated rat kidney proximal tubule cells in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution at 4°C for cold storage, returning them to normal culture medium at 37°C for rewarming. We also stored kidneys from donor mice in cold UW solution for various durations, followed by transplantation into syngeneic recipient mice. RESULTS We observed PKCδ activation in both in vitro and in vivo models of cold-storage rewarming or transplantation. In the mouse model, PKCδ was activated and accumulated in mitochondria, where it mediated phosphorylation of a mitochondrial fission protein, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), at serine 616. Drp1 activation resulted in mitochondrial fission or fragmentation, accompanied by mitochondrial damage and tubular cell death. Deficiency of PKCδ in donor kidney ameliorated Drp1 phosphorylation, mitochondrial damage, tubular cell death, and kidney injury during cold storage-associated transplantation. PKCδ deficiency also improved the repair and function of the renal graft as a life-supporting kidney. An inhibitor of PKCδ, δV1-1, protected kidneys against cold storage-associated transplantation injury. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that PKCδ is a key mediator of mitochondrial damage and renal tubular injury in cold storage-associated transplantation and may be an effective therapeutic target for improving renal transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Gang Zhang
- Center of Organ Transplantation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhixia Song
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Nephrology, Central People's Hospital of Yichang, The First Clinical Medical College of Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xiaohong Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China .,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Shaoqun Shu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Danyi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingqing Wei
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China .,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
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18
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Li X, Zheng S, Tan W, Chen H, Li X, Wu J, Luo T, Ren X, Pyle WG, Wang L, Backx PH, Huang R, Yang FH. Slit2 Protects Hearts Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Inflammatory Responses and Maintaining Myofilament Contractile Properties. Front Physiol 2020; 11:228. [PMID: 32292352 PMCID: PMC7135862 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The secreted glycoprotein Slit2, previously known as an axon guidance cue, has recently been found to protect tissues in pathological conditions; however, it is unknown whether Slit2 functions in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Methods Langendorff-perfused isolated hearts from Slit2-overexpressing (Slit2-Tg) mice and C57BL/6J mice (background strain) were subjected to 20 min of global ischemia followed by 40 min of reperfusion. We compared Slit2-Tg with C57BL/6J mice in terms of left ventricular function and infarct size of post-IR hearts along with tissue histological and biochemical assessments (mRNA and protein expression, phosphorylation status, and myofilament contractile properties). Results Slit2 played cardioprotective roles in maintaining contractile function and reducing infarct size in post-IR hearts. IR increased the expression of the Slit2 receptor Robo4 and the membrane receptor Slamf7, but these increases were suppressed by Slit2 overexpression post IR. This suppression was associated with inhibition of the nuclear translocation of NFκB p65 and reductions in IL-1β and IL-18 release into perfusates. Furthermore, Slit2 overexpression attenuated the increases in myofilament-associated PKCs and phosphorylation of cTnI at Ser43 in the post-IR myocardium. The myofilament calcium sensitivity and actomyosin MgATPase activity were preserved in the post-IR Slit2 myocardium. Conclusion Our work demonstrates that Slit2 inhibits inflammatory responses and maintains myofilament contractile properties, thus contributing, at least in part, to the prevention of structural and functional damage during IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Cardiovascular Model Research Center, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Zheng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Cardiovascular Model Research Center, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Vascular Biology Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guanghzou, China
| | - Weijiang Tan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Cardiovascular Model Research Center, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongqi Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Cardiovascular Model Research Center, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Luo
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Cardiovascular Model Research Center, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuecong Ren
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Cardiovascular Model Research Center, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Glen Pyle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Lijing Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Vascular Biology Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guanghzou, China
| | - Peter H Backx
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Cardiology and the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ren Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Cardiovascular Model Research Center, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Hua Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Cardiovascular Model Research Center, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Bøtker HE, Cabrera-Fuentes HA, Ruiz-Meana M, Heusch G, Ovize M. Translational issues for mitoprotective agents as adjunct to reperfusion therapy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2717-2729. [PMID: 31967733 PMCID: PMC7077531 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre‐clinical studies have indicated that mitoprotective drugs may add cardioprotection beyond rapid revascularization, antiplatelet therapy and risk modification. We review the clinical efficacy of mitoprotective drugs that have progressed to clinical testing comprising cyclosporine A, KAI‐9803, MTP131 and TRO 40303. Whereas cyclosporine may reduce infarct size in patients undergoing primary angioplasty as evaluated by release of myocardial ischaemic biomarkers and infarct size imaging, the other drugs were not capable of demonstrating this effect in the clinical setting. The absent effect leaves the role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore for reperfusion injury in humans unanswered and indicates that targeting one single mechanism to provide mitoprotection may not be efficient. Moreover, the lack of effect may relate to favourable outcome with current optimal therapy, but conditions such as age, sex, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and concurrent medications may also alter mitochondrial function. However, as long as the molecular structure of the pore remains unknown and specific inhibitors of its opening are lacking, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore remains a target for alleviation of reperfusion injury. Nevertheless, taking conditions such as ageing, sex, comorbidities and co‐medication into account may be of paramount importance during the design of pre‐clinical and clinical studies testing mitoprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Hector Alejandro Cabrera-Fuentes
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Cardiovascular Sciences Academic Clinical Programme and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnologia-FEMSA, Monterrey, Mexico.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron-Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-CV, CIBER-CV, Spain
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen. Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Michel Ovize
- CarMeN Laboratory, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon and Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1060, Lyon, France
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20
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Ide Y, Horie T, Saito N, Watanabe S, Otani C, Miyasaka Y, Kuwabara Y, Nishino T, Nakao T, Nishiga M, Nishi H, Nakashima Y, Nakazeki F, Koyama S, Kimura M, Tsuji S, Rodriguez RR, Xu S, Yamasaki T, Watanabe T, Yamamoto M, Yanagita M, Kimura T, Kakizuka A, Ono K. Cardioprotective Effects of VCP Modulator KUS121 in Murine and Porcine Models of Myocardial Infarction. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2019; 4:701-714. [PMID: 31709319 PMCID: PMC6834964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
No effective treatment is yet available to reduce infarct size and improve clinical outcomes after acute myocardial infarction by enhancing early reperfusion therapy using primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The study showed that Kyoto University Substance 121 (KUS121) reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress, maintained adenosine triphosphate levels, and ameliorated the infarct size in a murine cardiac ischemia and reperfusion injury model. The study confirmed the cardioprotective effect of KUS121 in a porcine ischemia and reperfusion injury model. These findings confirmed that KUS121 is a promising novel therapeutic agent for myocardial infarction in conjunction with primary percutaneous coronary intervention.
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Key Words
- AAR, area at risk
- ATP
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- ATPase, adenosine triphosphatase
- BiP, immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein
- CHOP, C/EBP homologous protein
- CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance
- EF, ejection fraction
- ER stress
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FRET, fluorescence resonance energy transfer
- FS, fractional shortening
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HF, heart failure
- I/R, ischemia and reperfusion
- IBMPFD, inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget's disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia
- IHD, ischemic heart disease
- KUS121
- KUS121, Kyoto University Substance 121
- LAD, left anterior descending artery
- LV, left ventricular/ventricle
- MI, myocardial infarction
- PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention
- TTC, triphenyltetrazolium chloride
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling
- VCP, valosin-containing protein
- myocardial infarction
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Ide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Horie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naritatsu Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chiharu Otani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yui Miyasaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Kuwabara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Nakao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Nishiga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoo Nishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakashima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumiko Nakazeki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tsuji
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Randolph Ruiz Rodriguez
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sijia Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yamasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masamichi Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Kakizuka
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies and Solution Oriented Research for Science and Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koh Ono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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21
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The Role of Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Protein Kinase C Delta in Infection and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061498. [PMID: 30917487 PMCID: PMC6471617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein Kinase C (PKC) is a family composed of phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinases that are master regulators of inflammatory signaling. The activity of different PKCs is context-sensitive and these kinases can be positive or negative regulators of signaling pathways. The delta isoform (PKCδ) is a critical regulator of the inflammatory response in cancer, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies implicate PKCδ as an important regulator of the inflammatory response in sepsis. PKCδ, unlike other members of the PKC family, is unique in its regulation by tyrosine phosphorylation, activation mechanisms, and multiple subcellular targets. Inhibition of PKCδ may offer a unique therapeutic approach in sepsis by targeting neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions. In this review, we will describe the overall structure and function of PKCs, with a focus on the specific phosphorylation sites of PKCδ that determine its critical role in cell signaling in inflammatory diseases such as sepsis. Current genetic and pharmacological tools, as well as in vivo models, that are used to examine the role of PKCδ in inflammation and sepsis are presented and the current state of emerging tools such as microfluidic assays in these studies is described.
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22
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Marrocco V, Bogomolovas J, Ehler E, Dos Remedios CG, Yu J, Gao C, Lange S. PKC and PKN in heart disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 128:212-226. [PMID: 30742812 PMCID: PMC6408329 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase C (PKC) and closely related protein kinase N (PKN) families of serine/threonine protein kinases play crucial cellular roles. Both kinases belong to the AGC subfamily of protein kinases that also include the cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase B (PKB/AKT), protein kinase G (PKG) and the ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K). Involvement of PKC family members in heart disease has been well documented over the years, as their activity and levels are mis-regulated in several pathological heart conditions, such as ischemia, diabetic cardiomyopathy, as well as hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy. This review focuses on the regulation of PKCs and PKNs in different pathological heart conditions and on the influences that PKC/PKN activation has on several physiological processes. In addition, we discuss mechanisms by which PKCs and the closely related PKNs are activated and turned-off in hearts, how they regulate cardiac specific downstream targets and pathways, and how their inhibition by small molecules is explored as new therapeutic target to treat cardiomyopathies and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Marrocco
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Julius Bogomolovas
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, USA; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Ehler
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, British Heart Foundation Research Excellence Centre, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | | | - Jiayu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Stephan Lange
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, USA; University of Gothenburg, Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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23
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Ferreira JCB, Campos JC, Qvit N, Qi X, Bozi LHM, Bechara LRG, Lima VM, Queliconi BB, Disatnik MH, Dourado PMM, Kowaltowski AJ, Mochly-Rosen D. A selective inhibitor of mitofusin 1-βIIPKC association improves heart failure outcome in rats. Nat Commun 2019; 10:329. [PMID: 30659190 PMCID: PMC6338754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that beta II protein kinase C (βIIPKC) activity is elevated in failing hearts and contributes to this pathology. Here we report that βIIPKC accumulates on the mitochondrial outer membrane and phosphorylates mitofusin 1 (Mfn1) at serine 86. Mfn1 phosphorylation results in partial loss of its GTPase activity and in a buildup of fragmented and dysfunctional mitochondria in heart failure. βIIPKC siRNA or a βIIPKC inhibitor mitigates mitochondrial fragmentation and cell death. We confirm that Mfn1-βIIPKC interaction alone is critical in inhibiting mitochondrial function and cardiac myocyte viability using SAMβA, a rationally-designed peptide that selectively antagonizes Mfn1-βIIPKC association. SAMβA treatment protects cultured neonatal and adult cardiac myocytes, but not Mfn1 knockout cells, from stress-induced death. Importantly, SAMβA treatment re-establishes mitochondrial morphology and function and improves cardiac contractility in rats with heart failure, suggesting that SAMβA may be a potential treatment for patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C B Ferreira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305-5174, CA, USA.
| | - Juliane C Campos
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Nir Qvit
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305-5174, CA, USA
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305-5174, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106, OH, USA
| | - Luiz H M Bozi
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz R G Bechara
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M Lima
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno B Queliconi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Marie-Helene Disatnik
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305-5174, CA, USA
| | - Paulo M M Dourado
- Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05403-010, SP, Brazil
| | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305-5174, CA, USA.
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24
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Prenatal exposure to testosterone induces cardiac hypertrophy in adult female rats through enhanced Pkcδ expression in cardiac myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 128:1-10. [PMID: 30641088 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
High circulating androgen in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in offspring. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether maternal androgen excess in the rat PCOS model would lead to cardiac hypertrophy in offspring. Maternal testosterone propionate (maternal-TP)-treated adult female offspring displayed cardiac hypertrophy associated with local high cardiac dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The molecular markers of cardiac hypertrophy along with androgen receptor (AR) and PKCδ, were increased in the Maternal-TP group. Treatment of primary neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) and H9c2 cells with DHT significantly increased cell size and upregulated PKCδ expression, which could be attenuated by AR antagonist. Treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a PKC activator, significantly increased cell size and upregulated myh7 level. Rottlerin, that may inhibit PKCδ, significantly reduced the hypertrophic effect of DHT and PMA on NRCMs and H9c2 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that AR could bind to Pkcδ promoter. Our results indicate that prenatal exposure to testosterone may induce cardiac hypertrophy in adult female rats through enhanced Pkcδ expression in cardiac myocytes.
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25
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Pan X, Chen J, Wang T, Zhang M, Wang H, Gao H. Essential Role Of High Glucose-Induced Overexpression Of PKCβ And PKCδ In GLP-1 Resistance In Rodent Cardiomyocytes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:2289-2302. [PMID: 31807042 PMCID: PMC6839579 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s215789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Myocardia in diabetic patients exhibit increased vulnerability after ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). It has been demonstrated that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has a protective effect on cardiomyocytes. Protein kinase C (PKC) acts as a key regulator of many signaling pathways including oxidative stress and apoptosis. Our hypothesis is that increased vulnerability of myocardia in diabetic patients is partly due to GLP-1 resistance. The aim of this study was to explore the role of PKC in GLP-1 resistance in diabetic cardiomyocytes. METHODS Cardiac function of diabetic or non-diabetic mice after myocardial IRI was detected with or without administration of GLP-1 analog exendin-4. Impacts of diabetes mellitus on GLP-1R expression in myocardia after IRI were accessed by Western blot. By transfecting PKC isoforms siRNA, in vitro study helped to identify the exact PKC isoforms which contributed to the downregulatio n of GLP-1R or impaired post-receptor signaling pathways in rodent cardiomyocytes (H9C2 cells) cultured by high glucose. RESULTS The cardioprotective effects of endogenous GLP-1 were impaired in diabetic mice after myocardial IRI and administration of exendin-4 had no significant effects in restoring cardiac function. GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) expression decreased in H9C2 cells cultured by high glucose and knockdown of PKCβ partly restored GLP-1R expression. Overexpression of PKCδ induced by high glucose in H9C2 cells impaired GLP-1 post-receptor anti-apoptotic signaling pathways by inhibition of Akt phosphorylation. Knockdown of both PKCβ and PKCδ significantly restored cardioprotective effects of GLP-1 in H9C2 cells cultured by high glucose. CONCLUSION Our study found out a new mechanism of GLP-1 resistance that high glucose-induced overexpression of PKCβ and PKCδ impaired cardioprotective effects of GLP-1 by downregulation of GLP-1R and inhibition of GLP-1 post-receptor anti-apoptotic signaling pathways, thus provided a new perspective in treating myocardial IRI in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xietian Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangwei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haichang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haokao Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Haokao Gao; Haichang Wang Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 029 84774114 Email ;
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26
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Hausenloy DJ, Botker HE, Engstrom T, Erlinge D, Heusch G, Ibanez B, Kloner RA, Ovize M, Yellon DM, Garcia-Dorado D. Targeting reperfusion injury in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: trials and tribulations. Eur Heart J 2018; 38:935-941. [PMID: 27118196 PMCID: PMC5381598 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore.,The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London W1T 7DN, UK
| | - Hans Erik Botker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thomas Engstrom
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Erlinge
- Department of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Borja Ibanez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert A Kloner
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michel Ovize
- Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France.,UMR 1060 (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London W1T 7DN, UK
| | - David Garcia-Dorado
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma, Pg Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a physiological state in which cardiac output is insufficient to meet the needs of the body. It is a clinical syndrome characterized by impaired ability of the left ventricle to either fill or eject blood efficiently. HF is a disease of multiple aetiologies leading to progressive cardiac dysfunction and it is the leading cause of deaths in both developed and developing countries. HF is responsible for about 73,000 deaths in the UK each year. In the USA, HF affects 5.8 million people and 550,000 new cases are diagnosed annually. Cardiac remodelling (CD), which plays an important role in pathogenesis of HF, is viewed as stress response to an index event such as myocardial ischaemia or imposition of mechanical load leading to a series of structural and functional changes in the viable myocardium. Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes are a family of serine/threonine kinases. PKC is a central enzyme in the regulation of growth, hypertrophy, and mediators of signal transduction pathways. In response to circulating hormones, activation of PKC triggers a multitude of intracellular events influencing multiple physiological processes in the heart, including heart rate, contraction, and relaxation. Recent research implicates PKC activation in the pathophysiology of a number of cardiovascular disease states. Few reports are available that examine PKC in normal and diseased human hearts. This review describes the structure, functions, and distribution of PKCs in the healthy and diseased heart with emphasis on the human heart and, also importantly, their regulation in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael M Singh
- School of Forensic and Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, England, PR1 2HE, UK.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Guyana, Turkeyen, Georgetown, Guyana.
| | - Emanuel Cummings
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Guyana, Turkeyen, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Constantinos Pantos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jaipaul Singh
- School of Forensic and Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, England, PR1 2HE, UK
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28
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Parviz Y, Waleed M, Vijayan S, Adlam D, Lavi S, Al Nooryani A, Iqbal J, Stone GW. Cellular and molecular approaches to enhance myocardial recovery after myocardial infarction. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2018; 20:351-364. [PMID: 29958820 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Reperfusion therapy has resulted in significant improvement in post-myocardial infarction morbidity and mortality in over the last 4 decades. Nonetheless, it is well recognized that simply restoring patency of the epicardial artery may not stop or reverse damage at microvascular level, and myocardial salvage is often suboptimal. Numerous efforts have been undertaken to elucidate the mechanisms underlying extensive myonecrosis to facilitate the discovery of therapies to provide additional and incremental benefits over current therapeutic pathways. To date, conclusively effective strategies to promote myocardial recovery have not yet been established. Novel approaches are investigating the foundational cellular and molecular bases of myocardial ischemia and irreversible injury. Herein, we review the emerging concepts and proposed therapies that may improve myocardial protection and reduce infarct size. We examine the preclinical and clinical evidence for reduced infarct size with these strategies, including anti-inflammatory agents, intracellular ion channel modulators, agents affecting the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) and nitric oxide signaling pathways, modulators of mitochondrial function, anti-apoptotic agents, and stem cell and gene therapy. We review the potential reasons of failures to date and the potential for new strategies to further promote myocardial recovery and improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Parviz
- New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Centre and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | | | - David Adlam
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Cardiovascular Research Centre, UK
| | - Shahar Lavi
- Division of Cardiology, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Javaid Iqbal
- South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gregg W Stone
- New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Centre and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Liu Z, Khalil RA. Evolving mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle contraction highlight key targets in vascular disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 153:91-122. [PMID: 29452094 PMCID: PMC5959760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle (VSM) plays an important role in the regulation of vascular function. Identifying the mechanisms of VSM contraction has been a major research goal in order to determine the causes of vascular dysfunction and exaggerated vasoconstriction in vascular disease. Major discoveries over several decades have helped to better understand the mechanisms of VSM contraction. Ca2+ has been established as a major regulator of VSM contraction, and its sources, cytosolic levels, homeostatic mechanisms and subcellular distribution have been defined. Biochemical studies have also suggested that stimulation of Gq protein-coupled membrane receptors activates phospholipase C and promotes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids into inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP3 stimulates initial Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and is buttressed by Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent, receptor-operated, transient receptor potential and store-operated channels. In order to prevent large increases in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c), Ca2+ removal mechanisms promote Ca2+ extrusion via the plasmalemmal Ca2+ pump and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, and Ca2+ uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, and the coordinated activities of these Ca2+ handling mechanisms help to create subplasmalemmal Ca2+ domains. Threshold increases in [Ca2+]c form a Ca2+-calmodulin complex, which activates myosin light chain (MLC) kinase, and causes MLC phosphorylation, actin-myosin interaction, and VSM contraction. Dissociations in the relationships between [Ca2+]c, MLC phosphorylation, and force have suggested additional Ca2+ sensitization mechanisms. DAG activates protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, which directly or indirectly via mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylate the actin-binding proteins calponin and caldesmon and thereby enhance the myofilaments force sensitivity to Ca2+. PKC-mediated phosphorylation of PKC-potentiated phosphatase inhibitor protein-17 (CPI-17), and RhoA-mediated activation of Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibit MLC phosphatase and in turn increase MLC phosphorylation and VSM contraction. Abnormalities in the Ca2+ handling mechanisms and PKC and ROCK activity have been associated with vascular dysfunction in multiple vascular disorders. Modulators of [Ca2+]c, PKC and ROCK activity could be useful in mitigating the increased vasoconstriction associated with vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Liu
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Raouf A Khalil
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Pharmacological protection of reperfusion injury in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Gone with the wind? ADVANCES IN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY 2018; 14:5-8. [PMID: 29743898 PMCID: PMC5939539 DOI: 10.5114/aic.2018.74349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Abstract
Acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a significant, unsolved clinical puzzle. In the disease context of acute myocardial infarction, reperfusion remains the only effective strategy to salvage ischemic myocardium, but it also causes additional damage. Myocardial I/R injury is composed of four types of damage, and these events attenuate the benefits of reperfusion therapy. Thus, inventing new strategies to conquer I/R injury is an unmet clinical need. A variety of pathological processes and mediators, including changes in the pH, generation of reactive oxygen radicals, and intracellular calcium overload, are proposed to be crucial in I/R-related cell injury. Among the intracellular events that occur during I/R, we stress the importance of protein phosphorylation signaling and elaborate its regulation. A variety of protein kinase pathways could be activated in I/R, including reperfusion injury salvage kinase and survivor-activating factor enhancement pathways, which are critical to cardiomyocyte survival. In addition to serine/threonine phosphorylation signaling, protein tyrosine phosphorylation is also critical in multiple cell functions and survival. However, the roles of protein kinases and phosphatases in I/R have not been extensively studied yet. By better understanding the mechanisms of I/R injury, we may have a better chance to develop new strategies for I/R injury and apply them in the clinical patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Fen Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Doctoral Degree Program in Translation Medicine, Tzu Chi University and Academia Sinica, Hualien, Taiwan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Nuñez RE, Javadov S, Escobales N. Angiotensin II-preconditioning is associated with increased PKCε/PKCδ ratio and prosurvival kinases in mitochondria. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:1201-1212. [PMID: 28707739 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II-preconditioning (APC) has been shown to reproduce the cardioprotective effects of ischaemic preconditioning (IPC), however, the molecular mechanisms mediating the effects of APC remain unknown. In this study, Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were subjected to IPC, APC or both (IPC/APC) followed by ischaemia-reperfusion (IR), to determine translocation of PKCε, PKCδ, Akt, Erk1/2, JNK, p38 MAPK and GSK-3β to mitochondria as an indicator of activation of the protein kinases. In agreement with previous observations, IPC, APC and IPC/APC increased the recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), reduced infarct size (IS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, compared to controls. These effects were associated with increased mitochondrial PKCε/PKCδ ratio, Akt, Erk1/2, JNK, and inhibition of permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. Chelerythrine, a pan-PKC inhibitor, abolished the enhancements of PKCε but increased PKCδ expression, and inhibited Akt, Erk1/2, and JNK protein levels. The drug had no effect on the APC- and IPC/APC-induced cardioprotection as previously reported, but enhanced the post-ischaemic LVDP in controls. Losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-R) blocker, abolished the APC-stimulated increase of LVDP and reduced PKCε, Akt, Erk1/2, JNK, and p38. Both drugs reduced ischaemic contracture and LDH release, and abolished the inhibition of mPTP by the preconditioning. Chelerythrine also prevented the reduction of IS by APC and IPC/APC. These results suggest that the cardioprotection induced by APC and IPC/APC involves an AT1-R-dependent translocation of PKCε and survival kinases to the mitochondria leading to mPTP inhibition. In chelerythrine-treated hearts, however, alternate mechanisms appear to maintain cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca E Nuñez
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Nelson Escobales
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Abstract
The translation from numerous successful animal experiments on cardioprotection beyond that by reperfusion to clinical practice has to date been disappointing. Animal experiments often use reductionist approaches and are mostly performed in young and healthy animals which lack the risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications which are characteristics of patients suffering an acute myocardial infarction or undergoing cardiovascular surgery. Conceptually, it is still unclear by how much the time window for successful reperfusion is extended by preconditioning, and how long the duration of ischemia can be so that adjunct cardioprotection by postconditioning at reperfusion still protects. Experimental studies addressing long-term effects of adjunct cardioprotection beyond infarct size reduction, that is, on repair, remodeling, and mortality, are lacking. Technically, reproducibility and robustness of experimental studies are often limited. Grave faults in design and conduct of clinical trials have also substantially contributed to the failure of translation of cardioprotection to clinical practice. Cardiovascular surgery with ischemic cardioplegic arrest is only a surrogate of acute myocardial infarction and confounded by the choice of anesthesia, hypothermia, cardioplegia, and traumatic myocardial injury. Trials in patients with acute myocardial infarction have been performed on agents/interventions with no or inconsistent previous animal data and in patients who had either some reperfusion already at admission or were reperfused too late to expect any myocardial salvage. Of greatest concern is the lack of adequate phase II dosing and timing studies when rushing from promising proof-of-concept trials with surrogate end points such as infarct size to larger clinical outcome trials. Future trials must focus on interventions/agents with robust preclinical evidence, have solid phase II dosing and timing data, and recruit patients who have truly a chance to benefit from adjunct cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Heusch
- From the Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Germany.
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Remote Postconditioning Induced by Trauma Protects the Mouse Heart against Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Involvement of the Neural Pathway and Molecular Mechanisms. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2017; 30:271-80. [PMID: 27067902 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-016-6661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Abdominal superficial surgical incision elicits cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice. This cardioprotective phenomenon, termed remote preconditioning of trauma (RPCT), results in an 80 to 85 % reduction in cardiac infarct size. We evaluated cardioprotection and the molecular mechanisms of remote postconditioning of trauma (RPostCT) in a murine I/R injury model. METHODS Mice were analyzed using a previously established I/R injury model. An abdominal superficial surgical incision was made 45 min after myocardial ischemia at the end of coronary occlusion, and infarct size was determined 24 h after reperfusion. RESULTS The results indicated that a strong cardioprotective effect occurred during RPostCT (56.94 ± 2.71 % sham vs. 15.58 ± 2.16 % RPostCT; the mean area of the infarct divided by the mean area of the region at risk; p ≤ 0.05; n = 10). Furthermore, pharmacological intervention revealed neurogenic signaling involvement in the beneficial effects of RPostCT via sensory and sympathetic thoracic nerves. Pharmacological experiments in transgenic mice demonstrated that bradykinin receptors, β-adrenergic receptors (AR), and protein kinase C were implicated in the cardioprotective effects of RPostCT. CONCLUSIONS RPostCT significantly decreased myocardial infarction size via neurogenic transmission and various signaling pathways. This study describes a new cardiac I/R injury prevention method that might lead to the development of therapies that are more clinically relevant for myocardial I/R injury.
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Protein kinase C mechanisms that contribute to cardiac remodelling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:1499-510. [PMID: 27433023 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a highly-regulated and reversible process that is precisely controlled by the actions of protein kinases and protein phosphatases. Factors that tip the balance of protein phosphorylation lead to changes in a wide range of cellular responses, including cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. The protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases sits at nodal points in many signal transduction pathways; PKC enzymes have been the focus of considerable attention since they contribute to both normal physiological responses as well as maladaptive pathological responses that drive a wide range of clinical disorders. This review provides a background on the mechanisms that regulate individual PKC isoenzymes followed by a discussion of recent insights into their role in the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer. We then provide an overview on the role of individual PKC isoenzymes in the regulation of cardiac contractility and pathophysiological growth responses, with a focus on the PKC-dependent mechanisms that regulate pump function and/or contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure.
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36
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Cunningham AD, Qvit N, Mochly-Rosen D. Peptides and peptidomimetics as regulators of protein-protein interactions. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2017; 44:59-66. [PMID: 28063303 PMCID: PMC5496809 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions are essential for almost all intracellular and extracellular biological processes. Regulation of protein-protein interactions is one strategy to regulate cell fate in a highly selective manner. Specifically, peptides are ideal candidates for inhibition of protein-protein interactions because they can mimic a protein surface to effectively compete for binding. Additionally, peptides are synthetically accessible and can be stabilized by chemical modifications. In this review, we survey screening and rational design methods for identifying peptides to inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as methods for stabilizing peptides to effectively mimic protein surfaces. In addition, we discuss recent applications of peptides to regulate protein-protein interactions for both basic research and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna D Cunningham
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA
| | - Nir Qvit
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA.
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA.
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PKC-δ isoform plays a crucial role in Tat-TLR4 signalling pathway to activate NF-κB and CXCL8 production. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2384. [PMID: 28539656 PMCID: PMC5443767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 Tat protein induces the production of CXCL8 chemokine in a TLR4/MD2 and PKC dependent manner. The objective of this study was to understand whether these two pathways were distinct or constituted a single common pathway, and to determine the nature of the PKC isoforms involved and their interrelation with the activation of NF-κB and CXCL8 gene product expression. Here, we show that Tat-induced CXCL8 production is essentially dependent on the activation of PKC delta isoform, as shown a) by the capacity of PKC delta dominant negative (DN), and Rottlerin, a selective PKC delta pharmacological inhibitor, to inhibit Tat-induced CXCL8 production and b) by the ability of the constitutively active (CAT) isoform of PKC delta to induce CXCL8 production in a HEK cell line in the absence of Tat stimulation. The finding that comparable amounts of CXCL8 were produced following stimulation with either Tat protein, PKC-delta CAT transfection, or both, argue for the implication of one common pathway where PKC delta is activated downstream of TLR4 recruitment and leads to the activation of NF-κB. Altogether, our results underline the crucial role of PKC delta isoform in activating gene expression of CXCL8, a cytokine largely implicated in the physiopathology of HIV-1 infection.
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Wang S, Zhang F, Zhao G, Cheng Y, Wu T, Wu B, Zhang YE. Mitochondrial PKC-ε deficiency promotes I/R-mediated myocardial injury via GSK3β-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2009-2021. [PMID: 28266127 PMCID: PMC5571523 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission is critically involved in cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which has been considered as one of the leading causes of ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R)‐induced myocardial injury. In our previous works, we demonstrate that aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2) deficiency aggravates cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether ALDH2 deficiency promotes mitochondrial injury and cardiomyocyte death in response to I/R stress and the underlying mechanism. I/R injury was induced by aortic cross‐clamping for 45 min. followed by unclamping for 24 hrs in ALDH2 knockout (ALDH2−/−) and wild‐type (WT) mice. Then myocardial infarct size, cell apoptosis and cardiac function were examined. The protein kinase C (PKC) isoform expressions and their mitochondrial translocation, the activity of dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1), caspase9 and caspase3 were determined by Western blot. The effects of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) or PKC‐δ shRNA treatment on glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) activity and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening were also detected. The results showed that ALDH2−/− mice exhibited increased myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, enhanced levels of cleaved caspase9, caspase3 and phosphorylated Drp1. Mitochondrial PKC‐ε translocation was lower in ALDH2−/− mice than in WT mice, and PKC‐δ was the opposite. Further data showed that mitochondrial PKC isoform ratio was regulated by cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, which could be reversed by NAC pre‐treatment under I/R injury. In addition, PKC‐ε inhibition caused activation of caspase9, caspase3 and Drp1Ser616 in response to I/R stress. Importantly, expression of phosphorylated GSK‐3β (inactive form) was lower in ALDH2−/− mice than in WT mice, and both were increased by NAC pre‐treatment. I/R‐induced mitochondrial translocation of GSK‐3β was inhibited by PKC‐δ shRNA or NAC pre‐treatment. In addition, mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) was reduced in ALDH2−/− mice after I/R, which was partly reversed by the GSK‐3β inhibitor (SB216763) or PKC‐δ shRNA. Collectively, our data provide the evidence that abnormal PKC‐ε/PKC‐δ ratio promotes the activation of Drp1 signalling, caspase cascades and GSK‐3β‐dependent mPTP opening, which results in mitochondrial injury‐triggered cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial dysfuction in ALDH2−/− mice following I/R stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Heart Centre of Zhengzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - You-En Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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Qvit N, Kornfeld OS, Mochly-Rosen D. Engineered Substrate-Specific Delta PKC Antagonists to Enhance Cardiac Therapeutics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nir Qvit
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine Stanford; Stanford University; CA 94305-5174 USA
| | - Opher S. Kornfeld
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine Stanford; Stanford University; CA 94305-5174 USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine Stanford; Stanford University; CA 94305-5174 USA
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40
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Qvit N, Kornfeld OS, Mochly-Rosen D. Engineered Substrate-Specific Delta PKC Antagonists to Enhance Cardiac Therapeutics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15672-15679. [PMID: 27860071 PMCID: PMC5308906 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Most protein kinases phosphorylate multiple substrates, each of which induces different and sometimes opposing functions. Determining the role of phosphorylation of each substrate following a specific stimulus is challenging but is essential to elucidate the role of that substrate in the signaling event. Here we describe a rational approach to identify inhibitors of delta protein kinase C (δPKC), each inhibiting the phosphorylation of only one of δPKC's substrates. δPKC regulates many signaling events and we hypothesized that a docking inhibitor of a given substrate to δPKC should selectively abrogate the phosphorylation of only that substrate, without affecting the phosphorylation of the other δPKC substrates. Here we report the development of selective inhibitors of three δPKC substrates (in vitro Kd ≈3 nm); two greatly reduced ischemia-induced cardiac injury with an IC50 of ≈200 nm and the third had no effect, indicating that its respective substrate phosphorylation by δPKC has no role in the response to cardiac ischemia and reperfusion. The three inhibitors are highly specific; even at 1 μm, the phosphorylation of other δPKC protein substrates was unaffected. The rationale we describe is likely applicable for the development of other substrate-specific inhibitors as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Qvit
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine Stanford, Stanford University, CA, 94305-5174, USA
| | - Opher S Kornfeld
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine Stanford, Stanford University, CA, 94305-5174, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine Stanford, Stanford University, CA, 94305-5174, USA
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Abstract
Ischemic disorders, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, are the most common causes of debilitating disease and death in westernized cultures. The extent of tissue injury relates directly to the extent of blood flow reduction and to the length of the ischemic period, which influence the levels to which cellular ATP and intracellular pH are reduced. By impairing ATPase-dependent ion transport, ischemia causes intracellular and mitochondrial calcium levels to increase (calcium overload). Cell volume regulatory mechanisms are also disrupted by the lack of ATP, which can induce lysis of organelle and plasma membranes. Reperfusion, although required to salvage oxygen-starved tissues, produces paradoxical tissue responses that fuel the production of reactive oxygen species (oxygen paradox), sequestration of proinflammatory immunocytes in ischemic tissues, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and development of postischemic capillary no-reflow, which amplify tissue injury. These pathologic events culminate in opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores as a common end-effector of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced cell lysis and death. Emerging concepts include the influence of the intestinal microbiome, fetal programming, epigenetic changes, and microparticles in the pathogenesis of I/R. The overall goal of this review is to describe these and other mechanisms that contribute to I/R injury. Because so many different deleterious events participate in I/R, it is clear that therapeutic approaches will be effective only when multiple pathologic processes are targeted. In addition, the translational significance of I/R research will be enhanced by much wider use of animal models that incorporate the complicating effects of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:113-170, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Kalogeris
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher P. Baines
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Maike Krenz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ronald J. Korthuis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Maslov LN, Khaliulin I, Oeltgen PR, Naryzhnaya NV, Pei J, Brown SA, Lishmanov YB, Downey JM. Prospects for Creation of Cardioprotective and Antiarrhythmic Drugs Based on Opioid Receptor Agonists. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:871-923. [PMID: 27197922 PMCID: PMC5082499 DOI: 10.1002/med.21395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It has now been demonstrated that the μ, δ1 , δ2 , and κ1 opioid receptor (OR) agonists represent the most promising group of opioids for the creation of drugs enhancing cardiac tolerance to the detrimental effects of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Opioids are able to prevent necrosis and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes during I/R and improve cardiac contractility in the reperfusion period. The OR agonists exert an infarct-reducing effect with prophylactic administration and prevent reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte death when ischemic injury of heart has already occurred; that is, opioids can mimic preconditioning and postconditioning phenomena. Furthermore, opioids are also effective in preventing ischemia-induced arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Khaliulin
- School of Clinical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | | | | | - Jian‐Ming Pei
- Department of PhysiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anP. R. China
| | | | - Yury B. Lishmanov
- Research Institute for CardiologyTomskRussia
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University634050TomskRussia
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Ringvold HC, Khalil RA. Protein Kinase C as Regulator of Vascular Smooth Muscle Function and Potential Target in Vascular Disorders. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2016; 78:203-301. [PMID: 28212798 PMCID: PMC5319769 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle (VSM) plays an important role in maintaining vascular tone. In addition to Ca2+-dependent myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, protein kinase C (PKC) is a major regulator of VSM function. PKC is a family of conventional Ca2+-dependent α, β, and γ, novel Ca2+-independent δ, ɛ, θ, and η, and atypical ξ, and ι/λ isoforms. Inactive PKC is mainly cytosolic, and upon activation it undergoes phosphorylation, maturation, and translocation to the surface membrane, the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and other cell organelles; a process facilitated by scaffold proteins such as RACKs. Activated PKC phosphorylates different substrates including ion channels, pumps, and nuclear proteins. PKC also phosphorylates CPI-17 leading to inhibition of MLC phosphatase, increased MLC phosphorylation, and enhanced VSM contraction. PKC could also initiate a cascade of protein kinases leading to phosphorylation of the actin-binding proteins calponin and caldesmon, increased actin-myosin interaction, and VSM contraction. Increased PKC activity has been associated with vascular disorders including ischemia-reperfusion injury, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and diabetic vasculopathy. PKC inhibitors could test the role of PKC in different systems and could reduce PKC hyperactivity in vascular disorders. First-generation PKC inhibitors such as staurosporine and chelerythrine are not very specific. Isoform-specific PKC inhibitors such as ruboxistaurin have been tested in clinical trials. Target delivery of PKC pseudosubstrate inhibitory peptides and PKC siRNA may be useful in localized vascular disease. Further studies of PKC and its role in VSM should help design isoform-specific PKC modulators that are experimentally potent and clinically safe to target PKC in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Ringvold
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - R A Khalil
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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44
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Qvit N, Disatnik MH, Sho J, Mochly-Rosen D. Selective Phosphorylation Inhibitor of Delta Protein Kinase C-Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Protein-Protein Interactions: Application for Myocardial Injury in Vivo. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7626-35. [PMID: 27218445 PMCID: PMC5065007 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases regulate numerous cellular processes, including cell growth, metabolism, and cell death. Because the primary sequence and the three-dimensional structure of many kinases are highly similar, the development of selective inhibitors for only one kinase is challenging. Furthermore, many protein kinases are pleiotropic, mediating diverse and sometimes even opposing functions by phosphorylating multiple protein substrates. Here, we set out to develop an inhibitor of a selective protein kinase phosphorylation of only one of its substrates. Focusing on the pleiotropic delta protein kinase C (δPKC), we used a rational approach to identify a distal docking site on δPKC for its substrate, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK). We reasoned that an inhibitor of PDK's docking should selectively inhibit the phosphorylation of only PDK without affecting phosphorylation of the other δPKC substrates. Our approach identified a selective inhibitor of PDK docking to δPKC with an in vitro Kd of ∼50 nM and reducing cardiac injury IC50 of ∼5 nM. This inhibitor, which did not affect the phosphorylation of other δPKC substrates even at 1 μM, demonstrated that PDK phosphorylation alone is critical for δPKC-mediated injury by heart attack. The approach we describe is likely applicable for the identification of other substrate-specific kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Qvit
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305-5174 USA
| | - Marie-Hélène Disatnik
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305-5174 USA
| | - Jie Sho
- Kunming Biomed International Chenggong, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305-5174 USA
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45
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Reyland ME, Jones DNM. Multifunctional roles of PKCδ: Opportunities for targeted therapy in human disease. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 165:1-13. [PMID: 27179744 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The serine-threonine protein kinase, protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ), is emerging as a bi-functional regulator of cell death and proliferation. Studies in PKCδ-/- mice have confirmed a pro-apoptotic role for this kinase in response to DNA damage and a tumor promoter role in some oncogenic contexts. In non-transformed cells, inhibition of PKCδ suppresses the release of cytochrome c and caspase activation, indicating a function upstream of apoptotic pathways. Data from PKCδ-/- mice demonstrate a role for PKCδ in the execution of DNA damage-induced and physiologic apoptosis. This has led to the important finding that inhibitors of PKCδ can be used therapeutically to reduce irradiation and chemotherapy-induced toxicity. By contrast, PKCδ is a tumor promoter in mouse models of mammary gland and lung cancer, and increased PKCδ expression is a negative prognostic indicator in Her2+ and other subtypes of human breast cancer. Understanding how these distinct functions of PKCδ are regulated is critical for the design of therapeutics to target this pathway. This review will discuss what is currently known about biological roles of PKCδ and prospects for targeting PKCδ in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Reyland
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - David N M Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Qvit N, Joshi AU, Cunningham AD, Ferreira JCB, Mochly-Rosen D. Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitor Reveals a Non-catalytic Role for GAPDH Oligomerization in Cell Death. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:13608-21. [PMID: 27129213 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.711630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), an important glycolytic enzyme, has a non-catalytic (thus a non-canonical) role in inducing mitochondrial elimination under oxidative stress. We recently demonstrated that phosphorylation of GAPDH by δ protein kinase C (δPKC) inhibits this GAPDH-dependent mitochondrial elimination. δPKC phosphorylation of GAPDH correlates with increased cell injury following oxidative stress, suggesting that inhibiting GAPDH phosphorylation should decrease cell injury. Using rational design, we identified pseudo-GAPDH (ψGAPDH) peptide, an inhibitor of δPKC-mediated GAPDH phosphorylation that does not inhibit the phosphorylation of other δPKC substrates. Unexpectedly, ψGAPDH decreased mitochondrial elimination and increased cardiac damage in an animal model of heart attack. Either treatment with ψGAPDH or direct phosphorylation of GAPDH by δPKC decreased GAPDH tetramerization, which corresponded to reduced GAPDH glycolytic activity in vitro and ex vivo Taken together, our study identified the potential mechanism by which oxidative stress inhibits the protective GAPDH-mediated elimination of damaged mitochondria. Our study also identified a pharmacological tool, ψGAPDH peptide, with interesting properties. ψGAPDH peptide is an inhibitor of the interaction between δPKC and GAPDH and of the resulting phosphorylation of GAPDH by δPKC. ψGAPDH peptide is also an inhibitor of GAPDH oligomerization and thus an inhibitor of GAPDH glycolytic activity. Finally, we found that ψGAPDH peptide is an inhibitor of the elimination of damaged mitochondria. We discuss how this unique property of increasing cell damage following oxidative stress suggests a potential use for ψGAPDH peptide-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Qvit
- From the Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5174 and
| | - Amit U Joshi
- From the Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5174 and
| | - Anna D Cunningham
- From the Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5174 and
| | - Julio C B Ferreira
- the Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- From the Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5174 and
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Montecucco F, Carbone F, Schindler TH. Pathophysiology of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: novel mechanisms and treatments. Eur Heart J 2016; 37:1268-1283. [PMID: 26543047 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
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Heusch G. Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Ischemic and Pharmacological Postconditioning. Compr Physiol 2016; 5:1123-45. [PMID: 26140711 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Timely reperfusion is the only way to salvage ischemic myocardium from impending infarction. However, reperfusion also adds a further component to myocardial injury such that the ultimate infarct size is the result of both ischemia- and reperfusion-induced injury. Modification of reperfusion can attenuate reperfusion injury and thus reduce infarct size. Ischemic postconditioning is a maneuver of repeated brief interruption of reperfusion by short-lasting coronary occlusions which results in reduced infarct size. Cardioprotection by ischemic postconditioning is mediated through delayed reversal of acidosis and the activation of a complex signal transduction cascade, including triggers such as adenosine, bradykinin, and opioids, mediators such as protein kinases and, notably, mitochondrial function as effector. Inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore appears to be a final signaling step of ischemic postconditioning. Several drugs which recruit in part such signaling steps of ischemic postconditioning can induce cardioprotection, even when the drug is only administered at reperfusion, that is, there is also pharmacological postconditioning. Ischemic and pharmacological postconditioning have been translated to patients with acute myocardial infarction in proof-of-concept studies, but further mechanistic insight is needed to optimize the conditions and algorithms of cardioprotection by postconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Heusch
- Institut für Pathophysiologie, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
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Dinca A, Chien WM, Chin MT. Intracellular Delivery of Proteins with Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Therapeutic Uses in Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:263. [PMID: 26907261 PMCID: PMC4783992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein therapy exhibits several advantages over small molecule drugs and is increasingly being developed for the treatment of disorders ranging from single enzyme deficiencies to cancer. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), a group of small peptides capable of promoting transport of molecular cargo across the plasma membrane, have become important tools in promoting the cellular uptake of exogenously delivered proteins. Although the molecular mechanisms of uptake are not firmly established, CPPs have been empirically shown to promote uptake of various molecules, including large proteins over 100 kiloDaltons (kDa). Recombinant proteins that include a CPP tag to promote intracellular delivery show promise as therapeutic agents with encouraging success rates in both animal and human trials. This review highlights recent advances in protein-CPP therapy and discusses optimization strategies and potential detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dinca
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Wei-Ming Chien
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Michael T Chin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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50
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Qvit N, Schechtman D, Pena DA, Berti DA, Soares CO, Miao Q, Liang LA, Baron LA, Teh-Poot C, Martínez-Vega P, Ramirez-Sierra MJ, Churchill E, Cunningham AD, Malkovskiy AV, Federspiel NA, Gozzo FC, Torrecilhas AC, Manso Alves MJ, Jardim A, Momar N, Dumonteil E, Mochly-Rosen D. Scaffold proteins LACK and TRACK as potential drug targets in kinetoplastid parasites: Development of inhibitors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2016; 6:74-84. [PMID: 27054066 PMCID: PMC4805777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases cause ∼500,000 deaths annually and remain a major challenge for therapeutic development. Using a rational design based approach, we developed peptide inhibitors with anti-parasitic activity that were derived from the sequences of parasite scaffold proteins LACK (Leishmania's receptor for activated C-kinase) and TRACK (Trypanosomareceptor for activated C-kinase). We hypothesized that sequences in LACK and TRACK that are conserved in the parasites, but not in the mammalian ortholog, RACK (Receptor for activated C-kinase), may be interaction sites for signaling proteins that are critical for the parasites' viability. One of these peptides exhibited leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activity in culture. Moreover, in infected mice, this peptide was also effective in reducing parasitemia and increasing survival without toxic effects. The identified peptide is a promising new anti-parasitic drug lead, as its unique features may limit toxicity and drug-resistance, thus overcoming central limitations of most anti-parasitic drugs. Identified unique short sequences conserved in parasite but not in host orthologue. Peptides corresponding to these sequences are active anti-parasitic drug lead. Cyclization of the peptides generates drug leads for in vivo proof of concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Qvit
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Deborah Schechtman
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Qianqian Miao
- National Reference Centre for Parasitology, Research Institute of the McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Liying Annie Liang
- National Reference Centre for Parasitology, Research Institute of the McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lauren A Baron
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Christian Teh-Poot
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Pedro Martínez-Vega
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Maria Jesus Ramirez-Sierra
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Eric Churchill
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anna D Cunningham
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrey V Malkovskiy
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nancy A Federspiel
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Fabio Cesar Gozzo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Armando Jardim
- Institute of Parasitology and Centre for Host-Parasite Interactions, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - Ndao Momar
- National Reference Centre for Parasitology, Research Institute of the McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eric Dumonteil
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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