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Corbacho-Alonso N, Sastre-Oliva T, López-Almodovar LF, Solis J, Padial LR, Tejerina T, Carrascal M, Mourino-Alvarez L, Barderas MG. Diabetes mellitus and aortic stenosis head to head: toward personalized medicine in patients with both pathologies. Transl Res 2023; 259:35-45. [PMID: 37085047 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and calcific aortic stenosis (CAS) are common morbidities in the elderly, which are both chronic, progressive and often concomitant diseases. Several studies revealed that DM increases the risk of developing severe CAS, yet clear information about the relationship between both these diseases and the influence of DM on the progression of CAS is currently lacking. To evaluate the effect of DM on aortic valves and on the process of calcification, and to achieve better patient management in daily clinical practice, we analysed calcified and noncalcified valve tissue from patients with severe CAS, with or without DM. A proteomic strategy using isobaric tags was adopted and the plasma concentrations of nine proteins were studied using 3 orthogonal methods and in a separate cell model. The differentially expressed proteins identified are implicated in biological processes like endopeptidase activity, lipid metabolism, coagulation, and fibrinolysis. The results obtained provide evidence that DM provokes changes in the proteome of aortic valves, affecting valve calcification. This finding may help enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of CAS and how DM affects the evolution of this condition, an important step in identifying targets to personalize the treatment of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Corbacho-Alonso
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain
| | - Tamara Sastre-Oliva
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain
| | | | - Jorge Solis
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain; AtriaClinic, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis R Padial
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario de Toledo, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Teresa Tejerina
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Carrascal
- Biological and Environmental Proteomics, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona-CSIC, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Mourino-Alvarez
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain
| | - Maria G Barderas
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain.
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Shimabukuro M. MAFLD and ASCVD: Plasma Heparin Cofactor II Activity as an Anti-liver Fibrosis Biomarker. J Atheroscler Thromb 2023; 30:853-854. [PMID: 36740275 PMCID: PMC10406663 DOI: 10.5551/jat.ed227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Shimabukuro
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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3
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Hara T, Uemoto R, Sekine A, Mitsui Y, Masuda S, Yamagami H, Kurahashi K, Yoshida S, Otoda T, Yuasa T, Kuroda A, Ikeda Y, Endo I, Honda S, Yoshimoto K, Kondo A, Tamaki T, Matsumoto T, Matsuhisa M, Abe M, Aihara KI. Plasma Heparin Cofactor II Activity Is Inversely Associated with Hepatic Fibrosis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Atheroscler Thromb 2023; 30:871-883. [PMID: 36244745 PMCID: PMC10406648 DOI: 10.5551/jat.63752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Thrombin exerts various pathophysiological functions by activating protease-activated receptors (PARs), and thrombin-induced activation of PARs promotes the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Since heparin cofactor II (HCII) specifically inactivates thrombin action, we hypothesized that plasma HCII activity correlates with the severity of NAFLD. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted. Plasma HCII activity and noninvasive clinical markers of hepatic fibrosis including fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) were determined in 305 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The relationships between plasma HCII activity and the clinical markers were statistically evaluated. RESULTS Multiple regression analysis including confounding factors showed that plasma HCII activity independently contributed to decreases in FIB-4 index (p<0.001), NFS (p<0.001) and APRI (p=0.004). In addition, logistic regression analysis for the prevalence of advanced hepatic fibrosis defined by the cutoff points of the clinical scores showed that plasma HCII activity was the sole and common negative factor for prevalence of advanced hepatic fibrosis (FIB-4 index: p=0.002, NFS: p=0.026 and APRI: p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS Plasma HCII activity was inversely associated with clinical hepatic fibrosis indices including FIB-4 index, NFS and APRI and with the prevalence of advanced hepatic fibrosis in patients with T2DM. The results suggest that HCII can serve as a novel biomarker for assessment of hepatic fibrosis of NAFLD in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Hara
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryoko Uemoto
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akiko Sekine
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yukari Mitsui
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shiho Masuda
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamagami
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kiyoe Kurahashi
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Sumiko Yoshida
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshiki Otoda
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yuasa
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akio Kuroda
- Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Itsuro Endo
- Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Soichi Honda
- Minami Municipal National Insurance Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yoshimoto
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
- Kondo Naika Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | | | - Toshio Matsumoto
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Munehide Matsuhisa
- Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Abe
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Aihara
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
- Anan Medical Center, Tokushima, Japan
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4
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HDL-Associated Proteins in Subjects with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Proteomic Study. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060855. [PMID: 36980195 PMCID: PMC10047209 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Serum lipoproteins, with the exception of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), are increased in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and their levels may reflect the associated obesity and insulin resistance, but the nature of this association is not fully explained. Therefore, proteomic analysis of key proteins in lipoprotein metabolism was performed. Methods. In this cohort study, plasma was collected from 234 women (137 with PCOS and 97 controls without PCOS). Somalogic proteomic analysis was undertaken for the following 19 proteins involved in lipoprotein, and particularly HDL, metabolism: alpha-1-antichymotrypsin; alpha-1-antitrypsin; apolipoproteins A-1, B, D, E, E2, E3, E4, L1, and M; clusterin; complement C3; hemopexin; heparin cofactor II; kininogen-1; serum amyloid A-1; amyloid beta A-4; and paraoxonase-1. Results. The levels of apolipoprotein E were higher in PCOS (p = 0.012). However, the other isoforms of ApoE, ApoE2, E3, and E4, did not differ when compared with controls. ApoM was lower in PCOS (p = 0.000002). Complement C3 was higher in PCOS (p = 0.037), as was heparin cofactor II (HCFII) (p = 0.0004). The levels of the other proteins associated with lipoprotein metabolism did not differ between PCOS and controls. Conclusions. These data contribute to the concern of the deleterious dyslipidemia found in PCOS, with the novel combination reported here of higher levels of ApoE, C3 and HCFII together with lower ApoM. The dysregulation of these proteins could circumvent the protective effect of HDL-C and contribute to a more atherogenic profile that may increase cardiovascular risk.
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Butler AE, Moin ASM, Reiner Ž, Sathyapalan T, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A, Atkin SL. High density lipoprotein-associated proteins in non-obese women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1117761. [PMID: 37181037 PMCID: PMC10171110 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1117761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dyslipidemia frequently occurs in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but it is unclear whether dyslipidemia is due to obesity and insulin resistance (IR) or is inherent to PCOS. To address this, proteomic analysis of proteins important in lipid metabolism, particularly for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), was performed in non-obese, non-insulin resistant PCOS women compared to matched controls. Methods Weight and aged-matched non-obese subjects with PCOS (n=24) and without IR were compared with control women (n=24). 19 proteins were measured by Somalogic proteomic analysis: alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, apolipoproteins A-1, B, D, E, E2, E3, E4, L1, M, clusterin, complement C3, hemopexin, heparin cofactor-II (HCFII), kininogen-1, serum amyloid A-1, amyloid beta A-4 and paraoxonase-1. Results Women with PCOS had a higher free androgen index (FAI) (p<0.001) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) (p<0.001), but IR and C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, did not differ from controls (p>0.05). The triglyceride:HDL-cholesterol ratio was elevated (p=0.03) in PCOS. Alpha-1-antitrypsin levels were lower (p<0.05) and complement C3 levels were higher (p=0.001) in PCOS. C3 correlated with body mass index (BMI) (r=0.59, p=0.001), IR (r=0.63, p=0.0005) and CRP (r=0.42, p=0.04) in women with PCOS, though no correlations of these parameters with alpha-1-antitrypsin were found. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and levels of the other 17 lipoprotein metabolism-associated proteins did not differ between the two groups (p>0.05). However, in PCOS, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin correlated negatively with BMI (r=-0.40, p<0.04) and HOMA-IR (r=-0.42, p<0.03), apoM correlated positively with CRP (r=0.36, p<0.04) and HCFII correlated negatively with BMI (r=-0.34, p<0.04). Conclusion In PCOS subjects, when obesity, IR and inflammation confounders were absent, alpha-1-antitrypsin was lower and complement C3 was higher than in non-PCOS women, suggesting increased cardiovascular risk; however, subsequent obesity related IR/inflammation likely stimulates other HDL-associated protein abnormalities, thus increasing cardiovascular risk further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E. Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
- *Correspondence: Alexandra E. Butler, ;
| | - Abu Saleh Md Moin
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Stephen L. Atkin
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
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Grover SP, Mackman N. Anticoagulant SERPINs: Endogenous Regulators of Hemostasis and Thrombosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:878199. [PMID: 35592395 PMCID: PMC9110684 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.878199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate activation of coagulation requires a balance between procoagulant and anticoagulant proteins in blood. Loss in this balance leads to hemorrhage and thrombosis. A number of endogenous anticoagulant proteins, such as antithrombin and heparin cofactor II, are members of the serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) family. These SERPIN anticoagulants function by forming irreversible inhibitory complexes with target coagulation proteases. Mutations in SERPIN family members, such as antithrombin, can cause hereditary thrombophilias. In addition, low plasma levels of SERPINs have been associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. Here, we review the biological activities of the different anticoagulant SERPINs. We further consider the clinical consequences of SERPIN deficiencies and insights gained from preclinical disease models. Finally, we discuss the potential utility of engineered SERPINs as novel therapies for the treatment of thrombotic pathologies.
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Hara T, Uemoto R, Sekine A, Mitsui Y, Masuda S, Kurahashi K, Yoshida S, Otoda T, Yuasa T, Kuroda A, Ikeda Y, Endo I, Honda S, Yoshimoto K, Kondo A, Tamaki T, Matsumoto T, Matsuhisa M, Abe M, Aihara K. Plasma heparin cofactor II activity is inversely associated with albuminuria and its annual deterioration in patients with diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:2172-2182. [PMID: 34043882 PMCID: PMC8668075 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Thrombin exerts various pathophysiological functions by activating protease-activated receptors (PARs). Recent data have shown that PARs influence the development of glomerular diseases including diabetic kidney disease (DKD) by regulating inflammation. Heparin cofactor II (HCII) specifically inactivates thrombin; thus, we hypothesized that low plasma HCII activity correlates with DKD development, as represented by albuminuria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma HCII activity and spot urine biomarkers, including albumin and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), were determined as the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) and the urine L-FABP-to-creatinine ratio (uL-FABPCR) in 310 Japanese patients with diabetes mellitus (176 males and 134 females). The relationships between plasma HCII activities and those DKD urine biomarkers were statistically evaluated. In addition, the relationship between plasma HCII activities and annual uACR changes was statistically evaluated for 201/310 patients (115 males and 86 females). RESULTS The mean plasma HCII activity of all participants was 93.8 ± 17.7%. Multivariate-regression analysis including confounding factors showed that plasma HCII activity independently contributed to the suppression of the uACR and log-transformed uACR values (P = 0.036 and P = 0.006, respectively) but not uL-FABPCR (P = 0.541). In addition, plasma HCII activity significantly and inversely correlated with annual uACR and log-transformed uACR increments after adjusting for confounding factors (P = 0.001 and P = 0.014, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The plasma HCII activity was inversely and specifically associated with glomerular injury in patients with diabetes. The results suggest that HCII can serve as a novel predictive factor for early-stage DKD development, as represented by albuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Hara
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and MetabolismTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Ryoko Uemoto
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical ScienceTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Akiko Sekine
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical ScienceTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Yukari Mitsui
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and MetabolismTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Shiho Masuda
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and MetabolismTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Kiyoe Kurahashi
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and MetabolismTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Sumiko Yoshida
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and MetabolismTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Toshiki Otoda
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical ScienceTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Tomoyuki Yuasa
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical ScienceTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Akio Kuroda
- Diabetes Therapeutics and Research CenterInstitute of Advanced Medical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of PharmacologyTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Itsuro Endo
- Department of Bioregulatory SciencesTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Soichi Honda
- Minami Municipal National Insurance HospitalMinami‐choJapan
| | - Katsuhiko Yoshimoto
- Department of Medical PharmacologyTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
- Kondo Naika HospitalTokushimaJapan
| | | | | | - Toshio Matsumoto
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Munehide Matsuhisa
- Diabetes Therapeutics and Research CenterInstitute of Advanced Medical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Masahiro Abe
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and MetabolismTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Ken‐ichi Aihara
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical ScienceTokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushimaJapan
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He XN, Xin JY, Zhan JL, Wu FK, Hou J, Sun ZB, Wang J, Zhang XL, Bai YC. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons induce endothelial injury through miR-155 to promote atherosclerosis. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2021; 62:409-421. [PMID: 34331478 DOI: 10.1002/em.22454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered as an external factor that induces atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Although miR-155 is known to be involved in cardiovascular disease, whether it is involved in PAH-induced arteriosclerosis remains unclear. We evaluated the effects of PAHs on vascularization, permeability, and miR-155 expression in HUVECs. We found that PAHs-induced sclerosis of HUVECs was characterized by increasing permeability, decreasing proliferation, and vascular lumen number. The expression of miR-155 was upregulated by PAHs treatment, and transfection with miR-155 inhibitor could reverse above effect of PAHs-induced sclerosis. Meanwhile, transcriptome sequencing revealed that 63 genes were downregulated in the group of PAHs treatment alone, and were then upregulated in the miR-155 inhibitor group. These genes were mainly involved in complement and coagulation cascades, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, TNF signaling pathway, and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Among these 63 genes, SERPIND1 was directly targeted and regulated by miR-155. Further in vivo experiments in ApoE-/- mice confirmed that PAH accelerates the development of arteriosclerosis by promoting the expression of miR-155 to downregulate the SERPIND1. Therefore, PAH exaggerates atherosclerosis by activating miR-155-dependent endothelial injury. This study provides a fundamental insight on the miR-155 mechanism for PAHs enhancing atherosclerosis and miR-155 potentially serving as a novel drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Nan He
- Emergency Critical Care Center, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Yuan Xin
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Liang Zhan
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Kun Wu
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Hou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Zhao-Bin Sun
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Beijing Regional Climate Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying-Chen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
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Lin WY, Zhu R, Zhang Z, Lu X, Wang H, He W, Hu Y, Tang L. RNAi targeting heparin cofactor II promotes hemostasis in hemophilia A. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 24:658-668. [PMID: 33996250 PMCID: PMC8093307 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hemophilia A is a hemorrhagic disease due to congenital deficiencies of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). Studies show that hemophilia patients with anticoagulant deficiency present less severe hemorrhagic phenotypes. We aimed to find a new therapeutic option for hemophilia patients by RNA interference (RNAi) targeting heparin cofactor II (HCII), a critical anticoagulant protein inactivating the thrombin. The optimal small interfering RNA (siRNA) was conjugated to an asialoglycoprotein receptor ligand (N-acetylgalactosamine [GalNAc]-HCII), promoting targeted delivery to the liver. After administration, GalNAc-HCII demonstrated effective, dose-dependent, and persistent HCII inhibition. After 7 days, in normal mice, GalNAc-HCII reduced HCII levels to 25.04% ± 2.56%, 11.65% ± 2.41%, and 6.50% ± 1.73% with 2, 5, and 10 mg/kg GalNAc-HCII, respectively. The hemostatic ability of hemophilia mice in the GalNAc-HCII-treated group significantly improved, with low thrombus formation time in the carotid artery thrombosis models and short bleeding time in the tail-clipping assays. After repeated administration, the prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was reduced. A 30 mg/kg dose did not cause pathological thrombosis. Our study confirmed that GalNAc-HCII therapy is effective for treating hemophilia mice and can be considered a new option for treating hemophilia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yi Lin
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiqi Zhu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Lu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huafang Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjuan He
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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10
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Chen R, Yi Y, Xiao W, Zhong B, Shu Y, Zhang L, Zeng Y. Label-Free Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Proteomic Analysis of Urinary Identification in Diabetic Vascular Dementia in a Han Chinese Population. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:619945. [PMID: 33597859 PMCID: PMC7882624 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.619945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers of diabetic vascular dementia (DVD) and unravel the underlying mechanisms using mass spectrometry (MS). Methods: Label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) proteomic analysis was applied to urine samples from four groups, including 14 patients with vascular dementia (VD), 22 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 12 patients with DVD, and 21 normal controls (NCs). Searching the MS data by Proteome Discoverer software (ThermoFisher Scientific; Waltham, MA, USA), protein abundances were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively and compared between these groups. Combining bioinformatics analysis using Gene Ontology (GO), pathway crosstalk analysis using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis using STRING, and literature searching, the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of DVD can be comprehensively judged and were further quantified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve methods. Results: The proteomic findings showed quantitative changes in patients with DVD compared to patients with NC, T2DM, and VD groups; among 4,744 identified urine proteins, 1,222, 1,152, and 1,180 proteins displayed quantitative changes unique to DVD vs. NC, T2DM, and VD, respectively, including 481 overlapped common DEPs. Then, nine unique proteins [including HP, SERPIND, ATP5PB, VNN2, ALDH3A1, U2AF2, C6, A0A5C2GRG5 (no name), and A0A5C2FZ29 (no name)] and two composite markers (CM) (A0A5C2GRG5+U2AF2 and U2AF2+C6) were confirmed by a ROC curve method. Conclusion: This study provided an insight into the potential pathogenesis of DVD and elucidated a method for early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanjing Yi
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbiao Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bowen Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Shu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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11
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Bano S, Fatima S, Ahamad S, Ansari S, Gupta D, Tabish M, Rehman SU, Jairajpuri MA. Identification and characterization of a novel isoform of heparin cofactor II in human liver. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:2180-2193. [PMID: 32827448 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Heparin cofactor II (HCII) is predominantly expressed in the liver and inhibits thrombin in blood plasma to influence the blood coagulation cascade. Its deficiency is associated with arterial thrombosis. Its cleavage by neutrophil elastase produces fragment that helps in neutrophil chemotaxis in the acute inflammatory response in human. In the present study, we have identified a novel alternatively spliced transcript of the HCII gene in human liver. This novel transcript includes an additional novel region in continuation with exon 3 called exon 3b. Exon 3b acts like an alternate last exon, and hence its inclusion in the transcript due to alternative splicing removes exon 4 and encodes for a different C-terminal region to give a novel protein, HCII-N. MD simulations of HCII-N and three-dimensional structure showed a unique 51 amino acid sequence at the C-terminal having unique RCL-like structure. The HCII-N protein purified from bacterial culture showed a protein migrating at lower molecular weight (MW 55 kDa) as compared to native HCII (MW 66 kDa). A fluorescence-based analysis revealed a more compact structure of HCII-N that was in a more hydrophilic environment. The HCII-N protein, however, showed no inhibitory activity against thrombin. Due to large conformational variation observed in comparison with native HCII, HCII-N may have alternate protease specificity or a non-inhibitory role. Western blot of HCII purified from large plasma volume showed the presence of a low MW 59 kDa band with no thrombin activity. This study provides the first evidence of alternatively spliced novel isoform of the HCII gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadabi Bano
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sana Fatima
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Shahzaib Ahamad
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shoyab Ansari
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Gupta
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Tabish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh M. University, Aligarh, India
| | - Sayeed Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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12
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Abstract
Proteases drive the life cycle of all proteins, ensuring the transportation and activation of newly minted, would-be proteins into their functional form while recycling spent or unneeded proteins. Far from their image as engines of protein digestion, proteases play fundamental roles in basic physiology and regulation at multiple levels of systems biology. Proteases are intimately associated with disease and modulation of proteolytic activity is the presumed target for successful therapeutics. "Proteases: Pivot Points in Functional Proteomics" examines the crucial roles of proteolysis across a wide range of physiological processes and diseases. The existing and potential impacts of proteolysis-related activity on drug and biomarker development are presented in detail. All told the decisive roles of proteases in four major categories comprising 23 separate subcategories are addressed. Within this construct, 15 sets of subject-specific, tabulated data are presented that include identification of proteases, protease inhibitors, substrates, and their actions. Said data are derived from and confirmed by over 300 references. Cross comparison of datasets indicates that proteases, their inhibitors/promoters and substrates intersect over a range of physiological processes and diseases, both chronic and pathogenic. Indeed, "Proteases: Pivot Points …" closes by dramatizing this very point through association of (pro)Thrombin and Fibrin(ogen) with: hemostasis, innate immunity, cardiovascular and metabolic disease, cancer, neurodegeneration, and bacterial self-defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid M Verhamme
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Sarah E Leonard
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana School of Chemical Sciences, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Ray C Perkins
- New Liberty Proteomics Corporation, New Liberty, KY, USA.
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13
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Jaberi N, Soleimani A, Pashirzad M, Abdeahad H, Mohammadi F, Khoshakhlagh M, Khazaei M, Ferns GA, Avan A, Hassanian SM. Role of thrombin in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4757-4765. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Jaberi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Atena Soleimani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Mehran Pashirzad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Hosein Abdeahad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Fariba Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Mahdieh Khoshakhlagh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Medical Physiology Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education Brighton and Sussex Medical School Sussex UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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14
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Penn AM, Bibok MB, Saly VK, Coutts SB, Lesperance ML, Balshaw RF, Votova K, Croteau NS, Trivedi A, Jackson AM, Hegedus J, Klourfeld E, Yu AYX, Zerna C, Borchers CH. Verification of a proteomic biomarker panel to diagnose minor stroke and transient ischaemic attack: phase 1 of SpecTRA, a large scale translational study. Biomarkers 2018; 23:392-405. [PMID: 29385837 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1434681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To derive a plasma biomarker protein panel from a list of 141 candidate proteins which can differentiate transient ischaemic attack (TIA)/minor stroke from non-cerebrovascular (mimic) conditions in emergency department (ED) settings. DESIGN Prospective clinical study (#NCT03050099) with up to three timed blood draws no more than 36 h following symptom onset. Plasma samples analysed by multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (MRM-MS). PARTICIPANTS Totally 545 participants suspected of TIA enrolled in the EDs of two urban medical centres. OUTCOMES 90-day, neurologist-adjudicated diagnosis of TIA informed by clinical and radiological investigations. RESULTS The final protein panel consists of 16 proteins whose patterns show differential abundance between TIA and mimic patients. Nine of the proteins were significant univariate predictors of TIA [odds ratio (95% confidence interval)]: L-selectin [0.726 (0.596-0.883)]; Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 [0.727 (0.594-0.889)]; Coagulation factor X [0.740 (0.603-0.908)]; Serum paraoxonase/lactonase 3 [0.763 (0.630-0.924)]; Thrombospondin-1 [1.313 (1.081-1.595)]; Hyaluronan-binding protein 2 [0.776 (0.637-0.945)]; Heparin cofactor 2 [0.775 (0.634-0.947)]; Apolipoprotein B-100 [1.249 (1.037-1.503)]; and von Willebrand factor [1.256 (1.034-1.527)]. The scientific plausibility of the panel proteins is discussed. CONCLUSIONS Our panel has the potential to assist ED physicians in distinguishing TIA from mimic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Penn
- a Neurosciences, Stroke Rapid Assessment Clinic , Island Health Authority , Victoria , BC , Canada
| | - Maximilian B Bibok
- b Department of Research and Capacity Building , Island Health Authority , Victoria , BC , Canada
| | - Viera K Saly
- a Neurosciences, Stroke Rapid Assessment Clinic , Island Health Authority , Victoria , BC , Canada
| | - Shelagh B Coutts
- c Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Radiology, and Community Health Services , University of Calgary, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, C1242, Foothills Medical Centre , Calgary , AB , Canada
| | - Mary L Lesperance
- d Department of Mathematics and Statistics , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , Canada
| | - Robert F Balshaw
- e British Columbia Centre for Disease Control , Vancouver , BC , Canada
| | - Kristine Votova
- b Department of Research and Capacity Building , Island Health Authority , Victoria , BC , Canada.,f Division of Medical Sciences , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , Canada
| | - Nicole S Croteau
- b Department of Research and Capacity Building , Island Health Authority , Victoria , BC , Canada.,d Department of Mathematics and Statistics , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , Canada
| | - Anurag Trivedi
- a Neurosciences, Stroke Rapid Assessment Clinic , Island Health Authority , Victoria , BC , Canada
| | - Angela M Jackson
- g University of Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, Vancouver Island Technology Park , Victoria , BC , Canada
| | - Janka Hegedus
- c Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Radiology, and Community Health Services , University of Calgary, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, C1242, Foothills Medical Centre , Calgary , AB , Canada
| | - Evgenia Klourfeld
- c Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Radiology, and Community Health Services , University of Calgary, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, C1242, Foothills Medical Centre , Calgary , AB , Canada
| | - Amy Y X Yu
- h Department of Medicine , University of Toronto Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Charlotte Zerna
- c Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Radiology, and Community Health Services , University of Calgary, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, C1242, Foothills Medical Centre , Calgary , AB , Canada
| | - Christoph H Borchers
- i Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , Canada.,j Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology , Jewish General Hospital McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada.,k Proteomics Centre, Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
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15
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Hasegawa Y, Ishigaki Y. Heparin Cofactor II: A Novel Plausible Link of Obesity and Diabetes with Thrombosis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 24:1202-1203. [PMID: 28794345 PMCID: PMC5742364 DOI: 10.5551/jat.ed084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Hasegawa
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University
| | - Yasushi Ishigaki
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University
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16
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Kurahashi K, Inoue S, Yoshida S, Ikeda Y, Morimoto K, Uemoto R, Ishikawa K, Kondo T, Yuasa T, Endo I, Miyake M, Oyadomari S, Matsumoto T, Abe M, Sakaue H, Aihara KI. The Role of Heparin Cofactor Ⅱ in the Regulation of Insulin Sensitivity and Maintenance of Glucose Homeostasis in Humans and Mice. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 24:1215-1230. [PMID: 28502917 PMCID: PMC5742367 DOI: 10.5551/jat.37739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Accelerated thrombin action is associated with insulin resistance. It is known that upon activation by binding to dermatan sulfate proteoglycans, heparin cofactor II (HCII) inactivates thrombin in tissues. Because HCII may be involved in glucose metabolism, we investigated the relationship between plasma HCII activity and insulin resistance. Methods and Results: In a clinical study, statistical analysis was performed to examine the relationships between plasma HCII activity, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in elderly Japanese individuals with lifestyle-related diseases. Multiple regression analysis showed significant inverse relationships between plasma HCII activity and HbA1c (p = 0.014), FPG (p = 0.007), and HOMA-IR (p = 0.041) in elderly Japanese subjects. In an animal study, HCII+/+ mice and HCII+/− mice were fed with a normal diet or high-fat diet (HFD) until 25 weeks of age. HFD-fed HCII+/− mice exhibited larger adipocyte size, higher FPG level, hyperinsulinemia, compared to HFD-fed HCII+/+ mice. In addition, HFD-fed HCII+/− mice exhibited augmented expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor, and impaired phosphorylation of the serine/threonine kinase Akt and AMP-activated protein kinase in adipose tissue compared to HFD-fed HCII+/+ mice. The expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase was also enhanced in the hepatic tissues of HFD-fed HCII+/− mice. Conclusions: The present studies provide evidence to support the idea that HCII plays an important role in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis by regulating insulin sensitivity in both humans and mice. Stimulators of HCII production may serve as novel therapeutic tools for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoe Kurahashi
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Seika Inoue
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Sumiko Yoshida
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Kana Morimoto
- Department of Community Medicine for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Ryoko Uemoto
- Department of Community Medicine for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Kazue Ishikawa
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takeshi Kondo
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Tomoyuki Yuasa
- Department of Community Medicine for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Itsuro Endo
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Masato Miyake
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute for Genome Research, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Seiichi Oyadomari
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute for Genome Research, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Toshio Matsumoto
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Masahiro Abe
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Hiroshi Sakaue
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Ken-Ichi Aihara
- Department of Community Medicine for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
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17
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Li J, Liu X, Xiang Y, Ding X, Wang T, Liu Y, Yin M, Tan C, Deng F, Chen L. Alpha-2-macroglobulin and heparin cofactor II and the vulnerability of carotid atherosclerotic plaques: An iTRAQ-based analysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 483:964-971. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Grandoch M, Kohlmorgen C, Melchior-Becker A, Feldmann K, Homann S, Müller J, Kiene LS, Zeng-Brouwers J, Schmitz F, Nagy N, Polzin A, Gowert NS, Elvers M, Skroblin P, Yin X, Mayr M, Schaefer L, Tannock LR, Fischer JW. Loss of
Biglycan
Enhances Thrombin Generation in
Apolipoprotein E
-Deficient Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:e41-50. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Thrombin signaling promotes atherosclerosis by initiating inflammatory events indirectly through platelet activation and directly via protease-activated receptors. Therefore, endogenous thrombin inhibitors may be relevant modulators of atheroprogression and cardiovascular risk. In addition, endogenous thrombin inhibitors may affect the response to non–vitamin K-dependent oral anticoagulants. Here, the question was addressed whether the small leucine-rich proteoglycan biglycan acts as an endogenous thrombin inhibitor in atherosclerosis through activation of heparin cofactor II.
Approach and Results—
Biglycan concentrations were elevated in the plasma of patients with acute coronary syndrome and in male
Apolipoprotein E
-deficient (
ApoE
−/−
) mice. Biglycan was detected in the glycocalyx of capillaries and the subendothelial matrix of arterioles of
ApoE
−/−
mice and in atherosclerotic plaques. Thereby a vascular compartment is provided that may mediate the endothelial and subendothelial activation of heparin cofactor II through biglycan.
ApoE
and
Bgn
double-deficient (
ApoE
−/−
/Bgn
−/0
) mice showed higher activity of circulating thrombin, increased platelet activation and platelet adhesion in vivo, supporting a role of biglycan in balancing thrombin activity. Furthermore, concentrations of circulating cytokines and aortic macrophage content were elevated in
ApoE
−/−
/Bgn
−/0
mice, suggesting a proinflammatory phenotype. Elevated platelet activation and macrophage accumulation were reversed by treating
ApoE
−/−
/Bgn
−/0
mice with the thrombin inhibitor argatroban. Ultimately,
ApoE
−/−
/Bgn
−/0
mice developed aggravated atherosclerosis.
Conclusions—
The present results indicate that biglycan plays a previously unappreciated protective role during the progression of atherosclerosis by inhibiting thrombin activity, platelet activation, and finally macrophage-mediated plaque inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grandoch
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., J.W.F.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., A.P., J.W.F.); Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie,
| | - Christina Kohlmorgen
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., J.W.F.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., A.P., J.W.F.); Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie,
| | - Ariane Melchior-Becker
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., J.W.F.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., A.P., J.W.F.); Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie,
| | - Kathrin Feldmann
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., J.W.F.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., A.P., J.W.F.); Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie,
| | - Susanne Homann
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., J.W.F.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., A.P., J.W.F.); Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie,
| | - Julia Müller
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., J.W.F.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., A.P., J.W.F.); Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie,
| | - Lena-Sophia Kiene
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., J.W.F.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., A.P., J.W.F.); Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie,
| | - Jinyang Zeng-Brouwers
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., J.W.F.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., A.P., J.W.F.); Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie,
| | - Friederike Schmitz
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., J.W.F.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., A.P., J.W.F.); Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie,
| | - Nadine Nagy
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., J.W.F.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., A.P., J.W.F.); Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie,
| | - Amin Polzin
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., J.W.F.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., A.P., J.W.F.); Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie,
| | - Nina S. Gowert
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., J.W.F.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., A.P., J.W.F.); Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie,
| | - Margitta Elvers
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., J.W.F.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., A.P., J.W.F.); Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie,
| | - Philipp Skroblin
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., J.W.F.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., A.P., J.W.F.); Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie,
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., J.W.F.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., A.P., J.W.F.); Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie,
| | - Manuel Mayr
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., J.W.F.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., A.P., J.W.F.); Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie,
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., J.W.F.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., A.P., J.W.F.); Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie,
| | - Lisa R. Tannock
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., J.W.F.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., A.P., J.W.F.); Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie,
| | - Jens W. Fischer
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., J.W.F.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (M.G., C.K., A.M.-B., K.F., S.H., J.M., L.-S.K., F.S., N.N., A.P., J.W.F.); Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie,
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Kondo T, Endo I, Aihara KI, Onishi Y, Dong B, Ohguro Y, Kurahashi K, Yoshida S, Fujinaka Y, Kuroda A, Matsuhisa M, Fukumoto S, Matsumoto T, Abe M. Serum carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen levels are associated with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with cardiovascular risk factors. Endocr J 2016; 63:397-404. [PMID: 26877258 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej15-0589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) is generated through matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-dependent type I collagen digestion, and has been widely utilized as a biomarker for bone turnover. The fact that atherosclerotic lesions are rich in both type I collagen and MMP-producing macrophages led to the hypothesis that serum ICTP concentrations may serve as a non-invasive clinical biomarker for atherosclerosis. Therefore, the association of serum ICTP concentrations with the maximum intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotid arteries, a surrogate index of systemic atherosclerosis, or brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in patients with atherosclerotic risk factors was evaluated. A total of 52 male and 65 female (mean age: 62.8 yrs) patients without renal failure, malignancies or bone diseases known to affect serum ICTP concentrations were recruited. Patients with max IMTs ≥1.1 mm showed significantly higher serum ICTP concentrations compared with patients with max IMTs <1.1 mm (3.33 ± 0.97 vs 2.82 ± 0.65 ng/mL, p<0.05). Serum ICTP concentration was also positively correlated with max IMT (p<0.001) or baPWV values (p<0.05). Multivariate analyses also revealed that serum ICTP concentrations were correlated with max IMT (p<0.001; 95% CI 0.200 to 0.454). These results suggest that serum ICTP concentrations can be used as a non-invasive biomarker for systemic atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kondo
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology & Metabolism Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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20
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Krogager TP, Nielsen LV, Kahveci D, Dyrlund TF, Scavenius C, Sanggaard KW, Enghild JJ. Hepatocytes respond differently to major dietary trans fatty acid isomers, elaidic acid and trans-vaccenic acid. Proteome Sci 2015; 13:31. [PMID: 26628894 PMCID: PMC4665887 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-015-0084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been discussed if the adverse health effect associated with the ingestion of trans fatty acids correlates with the food source, as the composition of the isomers varies in different foods. We have investigated the hepatocellular responses to the predominant trans fatty acid isomers in industrially produced partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (elaidic acid) and products of ruminant origin (trans-vaccenic acid). RESULTS The responses of HepG2-SF cells exposed to 100 μM fatty acids during 7 days were examined. Elaidic acid decreased the cellular proliferation rate while trans-vaccenic acid had no effect. Analysis of cellular triacylglycerol fractions showed, that both trans fatty acids were metabolized by HepG2-SF cells, although elaidic acid, to a higher degree than trans-vaccenic, accumulated in the triacylglycerol fraction. Proteome analysis revealed that the overlap of differentially regulated proteins only contained four proteins, suggesting that the two trans fatty acid isomers affect the cells in different ways. The data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000760. CONCLUSIONS Our investigations revealed that the hepatocellular response to the two most abundant dietary positional C18:1 trans fatty acid isomers differ substantially. In addition, the results suggest that trans-vaccenic acid does not affect cholesterol metabolism adversely compared to elaidic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toke P Krogager
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lone Vendel Nielsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Derya Kahveci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas F Dyrlund
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Carsten Scavenius
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kristian W Sanggaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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21
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Giri S, Jennings LK. The Spectrum of Thrombin in Acute Coronary Syndromes. Thromb Res 2015; 135:782-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Butschkau A, Wagner NM, Genz B, Vollmar B. Protein z exerts pro-angiogenic effects and upregulates CXCR4. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113554. [PMID: 25474349 PMCID: PMC4256373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Protein Z (PZ) is a vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor without catalytic activity. Evidence points towards PZ as an independent risk factor for the occurrence of human peripheral arterial disease. However, the role of PZ in ischemia-driven angiogenesis and vascular healing processes has not been elucidated so far. Approach Angiogenic potency of PZ was assessed in established in vitro assays using endothelial cells. PZ-deficient (PZ−/−) mice and their wild-type littermates (PZ+/+) were subjected to hindlimb ischemia. Furthermore, PZ−/− mice were exposed to PZ expressing adenovirus (AdV-PZ) or control adenovirus (AdV-GFP). In an additional set of animals, PZ−/− mice were exposed to AdV-PZ and AdV-GFP, each in combination with the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100. Results In vitro, PZ stimulated migratory activity and capillary-like tube formation of endothelial cells comparable to SDF-1. PZ−/− mice exhibited diminished hypoxia-driven neovascularization and reperfusion in post-ischemic hindlimbs, which was restored by adenoviral gene transfer up to levels seen in PZ+/+ mice. The stimulatory impact of PZ on endothelial cells in vitro was abolished by siRNA targeting against PZ and PZ was not able to restore reduced migration after knock-down of CXCR4. The increased surface expression of CXCR4 on PZ-stimulated endothelial cells and the abrogated restoration of PZ−/− mice via AdV-PZ after concomitant treatment with the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 supports the idea that PZ mediates angiogenesis via a G-protein coupled pathway and involves the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. This is underlined by the fact that addition of the G-protein inhibitor PTX to PZ-stimulated endothelial cells abolished the effect of PZ on capillary-like tube formation. Conclusions The results of the current study reveal a role of PZ in ischemia-induced angiogenesis, which involves a G-protein coupled pathway and a raised surface expression of CXCR4. Our findings thereby extend the involvement of PZ from the coagulation cascade to a beneficial modulation of vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Butschkau
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Nana-Maria Wagner
- Clinic for Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Berit Genz
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Kumar A, Bhandari A, Sarde SJ, Goswami C. Genetic variants and evolutionary analyses of heparin cofactor II. Immunobiology 2014; 219:713-28. [PMID: 24950623 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Heparin cofactor II (HCII) belongs to serpin superfamily and it acts as a thrombin inhibitor in the coagulation cascade, in a glycosaminoglycan-dependent pathway using the release of a sequestered hirudin-like N-terminal tail for interaction with thrombin. This serpin belongs to multiple member group V2 of vertebrate serpin classification. However, there is no comprehensive study illustrating the exact phylogenetic history of HCII, to date. Herein, we explored phylogenetic traits of HCII genes. Structures of HCII gene from selected ray-finned fishes and lamprey varied in exon I and II with insertions of novel introns of which one in core domain for ray-finned fishes in exon II at the position 241c. We found HCII remain nested in the largest intron of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 4-kinase (PIK4CA) gene (genetic variants of this gene cause schizophrenia) at the origin of vertebrates, dated about 500MY old. We found that sequence features such as two acidic repeats (AR1-II), GAG-binding helix-D, three serpin motifs and inhibitory reactive center loop (RCL) of HCII protein are highly conserved in 55 vertebrates analyzed. We identified 985 HCII variants by analysis of 1092 human genomes with top three variation classes belongs to SNPs (84.3%), insertion (7.1%) and deletion (5.0%). We identified 37 deleterious mutations in the human HCII protein and we have described these mutations in relation to HCII sequence-structure-function relationships. These understandings may have clinical and medical importance as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Biology in Botany, Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University at Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Anita Bhandari
- Molecular Physiology, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University at Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandeep J Sarde
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Biology in Botany, Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University at Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Master Program Agrigenomics, Christian-Albrechts-University at Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Chandan Goswami
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
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Kinouchi M, Aihara KI, Fujinaka Y, Yoshida S, Ooguro Y, Kurahashi K, Kondo T, Aki N, Kuroda A, Endo I, Matsuhisa M, Matsumoto T. Diabetic Conditions Differentially Affect the Endothelial Function, Arterial Stiffness and Carotid Atherosclerosis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2014; 21:486-500. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.20834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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25
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Ikeda Y, Aihara KI, Yoshida S, Iwase T, Tajima S, Izawa-Ishizawa Y, Kihira Y, Ishizawa K, Tomita S, Tsuchiya K, Sata M, Akaike M, Kato S, Matsumoto T, Tamaki T. Heparin cofactor II, a serine protease inhibitor, promotes angiogenesis via activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase-endothelial nitric-oxide synthase signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:34256-63. [PMID: 22904320 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.353532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously clarified that heparin cofactor II (HCII), a serine proteinase inhibitor, exerts various protective actions on cardiovascular diseases in both experimental and clinical studies. In the present study, we aimed to clarify whether HCII participates in the regulation of angiogenesis. Male heterozygous HCII-deficient (HCII(+/-)) mice and male littermate wild-type (HCII(+/+)) mice at the age of 12-16 weeks were subjected to unilateral hindlimb ligation surgery. Laser speckle blood flow analysis showed that blood flow recovery in response to hindlimb ischemia was delayed in HCII(+/-) mice compared with that in HCII(+/+) mice. Capillary number, arteriole number, and endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and liver kinase B1 (LKB1) phosphorylation in ischemic muscles were decreased in HCII(+/-) mice. Human purified HCII (h-HCII) administration almost restored blood flow recovery, capillary density, and arteriole number as well as phosphorylation levels of eNOS, AMPK, and LKB1 in ischemic muscles of HCII(+/-) mice. Although treatment with h-HCII increased phosphorylation levels of eNOS, AMPK, and LKB1 in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), the h-HCII-induced eNOS phosphorylation was abolished by compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, and by AMPK siRNA. In a similar fashion, tube formation, proliferation, and migration of HAECs were also promoted by h-HCII treatment and were abrogated by pretreatment with compound C. HCII potentiates the activation of vascular endothelial cells and the promotion of angiogenesis in response to hindlimb ischemia via an AMPK-eNOS signaling pathway. These findings suggest that HCII is a novel therapeutic target for treatment of patients with peripheral circulation insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Verhamme IM. Fluorescent reporters of thrombin, heparin cofactor II, and heparin binding in a ternary complex. Anal Biochem 2011; 421:489-98. [PMID: 22206940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin inactivation by heparin cofactor II (HCII) is accelerated by ternary complex formation with heparin. The novel active-site-labeled thrombins, [4'F]FPR-T and [6F]FFR-T, and the exosite I probe, Hir-(54-65)(SO₃⁻), characterized thrombin exosite I and II interactions with HCII and heparin in the complex. HCII binding to exosite I of heparin-bound [4'F]FPR-T caused a saturable fluorescence increase, absent with antithrombin. Heparin binding to exosite II and a second weaker site caused fluorescence quenching of [6F]-FFR-T, attenuated by simultaneous Hir-(54-65)(SO₃⁻) binding. Stopped-flow analysis demonstrated ordered assembly of HCII and the [6F]FFR-T·heparin complex, in agreement with tighter heparin binding to thrombin than to HCII. Saturating HCII dependences and bell-shaped heparin dependences of the fluorescence change reported ternary complex formation, consistent with a template mechanism in which the thrombin·heparin complex binds HCII and allowing for interaction of thrombin·(heparin)₂ complexes with HCII. Hir-(54-65)(SO₃⁻) displacement in reactions with FPR-blocked and active thrombin indicated a concerted action of the active site and exosite I during ternary complex formation. These studies demonstrate that binding of HCII to the thrombin·heparin complex is dramatically enhanced compared with heparin binding alone and that exosite I is still available for ligand or HCII binding when both heparin binding sites on thrombin are saturated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid M Verhamme
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Ilcheff Borissoff
- Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Plasma heparin cofactor II activity is inversely associated with left atrial volume and diastolic dysfunction in humans with cardiovascular risk factors. Hypertens Res 2010; 34:225-31. [PMID: 21107326 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2010.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin has a crucial role in cardiac remodeling through protease-activated receptor-1 activation in cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes. As heparin cofactor II (HCII) inhibits the action of tissue thrombin in the cardiovascular system, it is possible that HCII counteracts the development of cardiac remodeling. We investigated the relationships between plasma HCII activity and surrogate markers of cardiac geometry, including left atrial volume index (LAVI), relative wall thickness (RWT) and left ventricular mass index, and deceleration time (DcT) and the ratio of peak E velocity to early diastolic mitral annulus velocity (E/e' ratio) as surrogate markers of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction measured using echocardiography in 304 Japanese elderly individuals without systolic heart failure (169 men and 135 women; mean age: 65.4 ± 11.8 years). Mean plasma HCII activity in all participants was 95.8 ± 17.0% and there was no difference between the mean plasma HCII activities in males and females. Multiple regression analysis revealed that there were significant inverse relationships between plasma HCII activity and LAVI (coefficient: -0.2302, P<0.001), between HCII activity and RWT (coefficient: -0.0007, P<0.05), between HCII activity and DcT (coefficient: -0.5189, P<0.05) and between HCII activity and E/e' ratio (coefficient: -0.0558, P<0.01). Plasma HCII activity was independently and inversely associated with the development of cardiac remodeling, including cardiac concentric change, left atrial enlargement and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. These findings suggest that cardiac tissue thrombin inactivation by HCII is a novel therapeutic target for cardiac remodeling and atherosclerosis.
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29
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High plasma aldosterone concentration is a novel risk factor of cognitive impairment in patients with hypertension. Hypertens Res 2010; 34:74-8. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2010.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Raghuraman A, Mosier PD, Desai UR. Understanding Dermatan Sulfate-Heparin Cofactor II Interaction through Virtual Library Screening. ACS Med Chem Lett 2010; 1:281-285. [PMID: 20835364 PMCID: PMC2936258 DOI: 10.1021/ml100048y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2010] [Accepted: 06/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
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Dermatan sulfate, an important member of the glycosaminoglycan family, interacts with heparin cofactor II, a member of the serpin family of proteins, to modulate antithrombotic response. Yet, the nature of this interaction remains poorly understood at a molecular level. We report the genetic algorithm-based combinatorial virtual library screening study of a natural, high-affinity dermatan sulfate hexasaccharide with heparin cofactor II. Of the 192 topologies possible for the hexasaccharide, only 16 satisfied the “high-specificity” criteria used in computational study. Of these, 13 topologies were predicted to bind in the heparin-binding site of heparin cofactor II at a ∼60° angle to helix D, a novel binding mode. This new binding geometry satisfies all known solution and mutagenesis data and supports thrombin ternary complexation through a template mechanism. The study is expected to facilitate the design of allosteric agonists of heparin cofactor II as antithrombotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Raghuraman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0540
| | - Philip D. Mosier
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0540
| | - Umesh R. Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0540
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Yoshida S, Aihara KI, Azuma H, Uemoto R, Sumitomo-Ueda Y, Yagi S, Ikeda Y, Iwase T, Nishio S, Kawano H, Miki J, Yamada H, Hirata Y, Akaike M, Sata M, Matsumoto T. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate is inversely associated with sex-dependent diverse carotid atherosclerosis regardless of endothelial function. Atherosclerosis 2010; 212:310-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Sumitomo-Ueda Y, Aihara KI, Ise T, Yoshida S, Ikeda Y, Uemoto R, Yagi S, Iwase T, Ishikawa K, Hirata Y, Akaike M, Sata M, Kato S, Matsumoto T. Heparin cofactor II protects against angiotensin II-induced cardiac remodeling via attenuation of oxidative stress in mice. Hypertension 2010; 56:430-6. [PMID: 20660821 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.152207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heparin cofactor II (HCII), a serine protease inhibitor, inhibits tissue thrombin action after binding with dermatan sulfate proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix of the vascular system. We previously reported that heterozygous HCII-deficient (HCII(+/-)) humans and mice demonstrate acceleration of vascular remodeling, including atherosclerosis. However, the action of HCII on cardiac remodeling never has been determined. HCII(+/+) and HCII(+/-) mice at age 25 weeks were infused with angiotensin II (Ang II; 2.0 mg/kg/d) for 2 weeks by an osmotic mini-pump. Echocardiography revealed acceleration of cardiac concentric remodeling in HCII(+/-) mice and larger left atrial volume in HCII(+/-) mice than in HCII(+/+) mice. Histopathologic studies showed more prominent interstitial fibrosis in both the left atrium and left ventricle in HCII(+/-) mice than in HCII(+/+) mice. Daily urinary excretion of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, a parameter of oxidative stress, and dihydroethidium-positive spots, indicating superoxide production in the myocardium, were markedly increased in Ang II-treated HCII(+/-) mice compared to those in HCII(+/+) mice. Cardiac gene expression levels of atrial natriuretic peptides and brain natriuretic peptides, members of the natriuretic peptide family, Nox 4, Rac-1, and p67(phox) as components of NAD(P)H oxidase, and transforming growth factor-beta1 and procollagen III were more augmented in HCII(+/-) mice than in HCII(+/+) mice. However, administration of human HCII protein attenuated all of those abnormalities in Ang II-treated HCII(+/-) mice. Moreover, human HCII protein supplementation almost abolished cardiac fibrosis in Ang II-treated HCII(+/+) mice. The results indicate that HCII has a protective role against Ang II-induced cardiac remodeling through suppression of the NAD(P)H oxidase-transforming growth factor-beta1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Sumitomo-Ueda
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Abstract
Heparin cofactor II (HCII), a serine protease inhibitor (serpin), inactivates thrombin action in the subendothelial layer of the vascular wall. Because a congenitally HCII-deficient patient has been shown to have multiple atherosclerotic lesions, it is hypothesized that HCII plays a pivotal role in the development of vascular remodeling, including atherosclerosis. To clarify this issue, 3 clinical studies concerning plasma HCII activity and atherosclerosis were carried out, and results demonstrated that a higher incidence of in-stent restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention, maximum carotid arterial plaque thickness, and prevalence of peripheral arterial disease occurred in subjects with low plasma HCII activity. Furthermore, HCII-deficient mice were generated by a gene targeting method to determine the mechanism of the vascular protective action of HCII. Because HCII(-/-) mice were embryonically lethal, we used HCII(+/-) mice and found that they manifested augmentation of intimal hyperplasia and increased thrombosis after cuff or wire injury to the femoral arteries. HCII(+/-) mice with vascular injury showed augmentation of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and oxidative stress. These abnormal phenotypes of vascular remodeling observed in HCII(+/-) mice were almost restored by human HCII protein supplementation. HCII protects against vascular remodeling, including atherosclerosis, in both humans and mice, and plasma HCII activity might be a predictive biomarker and novel therapeutic target for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Aihara
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
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Ikeda Y, Aihara KI, Akaike M, Sato T, Ishikawa K, Ise T, Yagi S, Iwase T, Ueda Y, Yoshida S, Azuma H, Walsh K, Tamaki T, Kato S, Matsumoto T. Androgen receptor counteracts Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in male mice. Mol Endocrinol 2010; 24:1338-48. [PMID: 20501642 DOI: 10.1210/me.2009-0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) has been used as a potent anticancer agent, but serious cardiotoxicity precludes its use in a wide range of patients. We have reported that the androgen-androgen receptor (AR) system plays important roles in cardiac growth and protection from angiotensin II-induced cardiac remodeling. The present study was undertaken to clarify whether the androgen-AR system exerts a cardioprotective effect against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Male AR knockout (ARKO) and age-matched littermate male wild-type (WT) mice at 25 wk of age were given ip injections of Dox (20 mg/kg) or a vehicle. The survival rate and left ventricular function in Dox-treated male ARKO mice were reduced compared with those in Dox-treated male WT mice. Electron microscopic study showed prominent vacuole formation of myocardial mitochondria in Dox-treated male ARKO mice. Cardiac oxidative stress and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes were increased more prominently by Dox treatment in male ARKO mice than in male WT mice. In addition, Dox-induced reduction in the expression of cardiac mitochondria transcription factor A (Tfam) and phosphorylation of serine-threonine kinase (Akt) was more pronounced in male ARKO mice than in male WT mice. In cardiac myoblast cells, testosterone up-regulated Akt phosphorylation and Tfam expression and exerted an antiapoptotic effect against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Collectively, the results demonstrate that Dox-induced cardiotoxicity is aggravated in male ARKO mice via exacerbation of mitochondrial damage and superoxide generation, leading to enhanced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Thus, the androgen-AR system is thought to counteract Dox-induced cardiotoxicity partly through activation of the Akt pathway and up-regulation of Tfam to protect cardiomyocytes from mitochondrial damage and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Mihara M, Aihara KI, Ikeda Y, Yoshida S, Kinouchi M, Kurahashi K, Fujinaka Y, Akaike M, Matsumoto T. Inhibition of thrombin action ameliorates insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Endocrinology 2010; 151:513-9. [PMID: 19966184 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The binding of thrombin to its receptor stimulates inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1); both are associated with the development of insulin resistance. Because increased adiposity enhanced the expression of coagulation factor VII that stimulates the coagulation pathway in adipose tissue, we tested whether the inhibition of thrombin action ameliorates insulin resistance in obese diabetic (Lpr(-/-):db/db) mice. The 4-wk administration of argatroban, a selective thrombin inhibitor, reduced fasting plasma glucose and ameliorated insulin resistance in these mice. It also reduced adipocyte size and macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue. The aberrant gene expression of MCP-1, IL-6, adiponectin, and factor VII and suppressed insulin receptor substrate-1-Akt signaling in adipose tissue of db/db mice were reversed by argatroban treatment. These results demonstrate that increased adiposity enhances the production of thrombin in adipose tissue by stimulating factor VII expression and suggest that increased thrombin activity in adipose tissue plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance via enhancing MCP-1 production, leading to macrophage infiltration and insulin receptor substrate-1-Akt pathway inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatomo Mihara
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Tollefsen DM. Vascular dermatan sulfate and heparin cofactor II. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2010; 93:351-72. [PMID: 20807652 DOI: 10.1016/s1877-1173(10)93015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heparin cofactor II (HCII) is a plasma protease inhibitor of the serpin family that inactivates thrombin by forming a covalent 1:1 complex. The rate of complex formation increases more than 1000-fold in the presence of dermatan sulfate (DS). Endothelial injury allows circulating HCII to enter the vessel wall, where it binds to DS and presumably becomes activated. Mice that lack HCII develop carotid artery thrombosis more rapidly than wild-type mice after oxidative damage to the endothelium. These mice also have increased arterial neointima formation following mechanical injury and develop more extensive atherosclerotic lesions when made hypercholesterolemic. Similarly, low plasma HCII levels appear to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis and in-stent restenosis in human subjects. These observations suggest that a major function of the HCII-DS system is to regulate the physiologic response to arterial injury.
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Jackson C. Antithrombin, Heparinkofaktor II und Protein-C-Inhibitor. Hamostaseologie 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-01544-1_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Heparin cofactor II in atherosclerotic lesions from the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) study. Exp Mol Pathol 2009; 87:178-83. [PMID: 19747479 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heparin cofactor II (HCII) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) that has been shown to be a predictor of decreased atherosclerosis in the elderly and protective against atherosclerosis in mice. HCII inhibits thrombin in vitro and HCII-thrombin complexes have been detected in human plasma. Moreover, the mechanism of protection against atherosclerosis in mice was determined to be the inhibition of thrombin. Despite this evidence, the presence of HCII in human atherosclerotic tissue has not been reported. In this study, using samples of coronary arteries obtained from the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) study, we explore the local relationship between HCII and (pro)thrombin in atherosclerosis. We found that HCII and (pro)thrombin are co-localized in the lipid-rich necrotic core of atheromas. A significant positive correlation between each protein and the severity of the atherosclerotic lesion was present. These results suggest that HCII is in a position to inhibit thrombin in atherosclerotic lesions where thrombin can exert a proatherogenic inflammatory response. However, these results should be tempered by the additional findings from this, and other studies, that indicate the presence of other plasma proteins (antithrombin, albumin, and alpha(1)-protease inhibitor) in the same localized region of the atheroma.
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McNeely MJ, McClelland RL, Bild DE, Jacobs DR, Tracy RP, Cushman M, Goff DC, Astor BC, Shea S, Siscovick DS. The association between A1C and subclinical cardiovascular disease: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Diabetes Care 2009; 32:1727-33. [PMID: 19549732 PMCID: PMC2732160 DOI: 10.2337/dc09-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that A1C is associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a population without evident diabetes, after adjusting for traditional CVD risk factors and BMI. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 5,121 participants without clinically evident CVD or diabetes (fasting glucose > or =7.0 mmol/l or use of diabetes medication), aged 47-86 years, enrolled in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Measurements included carotid intimal-medial wall thickness (CIMT) and coronary artery calcification (CAC). Results were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking, systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, antihypertensive medication use, lipid-lowering medication use, and BMI. RESULTS Compared with those in the lowest quartile for A1C ([mean +/- SD] 5.0 +/- 0.2%), participants in the highest quartile (6.0 +/- 0.3%) had higher adjusted mean values for common CIMT (0.85 vs. 0.87 mm, P = 0.003) and internal CIMT (1.01 vs. 1.08 mm, P = 0.003). A1C quartile was not associated with prevalence of CAC in the entire cohort (P = 0.27); however, the association was statistically significant in women (adjusted prevalence of CAC in lowest and highest A1C quartiles 37.5 vs. 43.0%, P = 0.01). Among those with some CAC, higher A1C quartile tended to be associated with higher CAC score, but the results were not statistically significant (adjusted P = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS In this multiethnic cohort, there were small, positive associations between A1C, common CIMT, and internal CIMT in the absence of clinically evident diabetes. An association between higher A1C and CAC prevalence was evident only in women.
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Sutherland JS, Bhakta V, Sheffield WP. Investigating serpin-enzyme complex formation and stability via single and multiple residue reactive centre loop substitutions in heparin cofactor II. Thromb Res 2009; 117:447-61. [PMID: 15869786 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2005.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2005] [Revised: 03/04/2005] [Accepted: 03/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Following thrombin cleavage of the reactive centre (P1-P1'; L444-S445) of the serpin heparin cofactor II (HCII), HCII traps thrombin (IIa) in a stable inhibitory complex. To compare HCII to other serpins we substituted: the P13-P5' residues of HCII with those of alpha(1)-proteinase inhibitor (alpha(1)-PI), alpha(1)-PI (M358R), or antithrombin (AT); the P4-P1, P3-P1, and P2-P1 residues of HCII with those of AT; and made L444A/H/K/M or R point mutations. We also combined L444R with changes in the glycosaminoglycan binding domain collectively termed MutD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Variants were made by site-directed mutagenesis, expressed in bacteria, purified and characterized electrophoretically and kinetically. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Of the P13-P5' mutants, only the alpha(1)-PI-loop variant retained anti-IIa activity, but less than the corresponding L444M. Heparin-catalyzed rate constants for IIa inhibition were reduced vs. wild-type (WT) by at most three-fold for all P1 mutants save L444A (reduced 20-fold). L444R and L444K inhibited IIa>50- and >6-fold more rapidly than WT in heparin-free reactions, but stoichiometries of inhibition were increased for all variants. HCII-IIa complexes of all P1 variants were stable in the absence of heparin, but those of the L444K and L444R variants released active IIa over time with heparin. Limited proteolysis of these two groups of HCII-IIa complexes produced different fragmentation patterns consistent with conformational differences. The combination of either substituted AT residues at P2, P3, and P4, or the MutD mutations with L444R resulted in complex instability with or without heparin. This is the first description of HCII-IIa complexes of transient stability forming in the absence of heparin, and may explain the extent to which the reactive centre loop of HCII differs from that of AT.
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Ikeda Y, Aihara KI, Yoshida S, Sato T, Yagi S, Iwase T, Sumitomo Y, Ise T, Ishikawa K, Azuma H, Akaike M, Kato S, Matsumoto T. Androgen-androgen receptor system protects against angiotensin II-induced vascular remodeling. Endocrinology 2009; 150:2857-64. [PMID: 19196803 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Age-related andropause promotes cardiovascular disease in males. Although we had previously reported that the androgen-androgen receptor (AR) system plays important roles in cardiac growth and remodeling, the system's involvement in vascular remodeling remains unclear. To clarify this role, 25-wk-old male AR knockout (ARKO) mice and littermate male wild-type (WT) mice were divided into two groups with and without angiotensin II (Ang II) administration (2.0 mg/kg . d) for 14 d, respectively. No morphological differences in the coronary artery and thoracic aorta were observed between the groups without Ang II. Ang II stimulation markedly increased medial thickness and perivascular fibrosis in ARKO mice, with enhanced TGF-beta1, collagen type I, and collagen type III gene expression in the aorta. Ang II stimulation also prominently increased superoxide production, lipid peroxidation, and gene expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase components in ARKO mice compared with WT mice. In addition, phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and phosphorylated (Smad2/3) was remarkably enhanced in Ang II-treated ARKO mice compared with Ang II-treated WT mice. Notably, daily urinary nitric oxide (NO) metabolites excretion as a marker of NO bioavailability, aortic endothelial NO synthase expression and phosphorylation, and Akt phosphorylation were significantly reduced in ARKO mice compared with WT mice, regardless of Ang II stimulation. In conclusion, the androgen-AR system is required for the preservation of NO bioavailability through Akt-endothelial NO synthase system activation and exerts protective effects against Ang II-induced vascular remodeling by regulating oxidative stress, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling, and the TGF-beta-phosphorylated Smad pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Androgens/metabolism
- Angiotensin II/adverse effects
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/chemically induced
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Coronary Vessels/drug effects
- Coronary Vessels/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Lipid Peroxidation
- MAP Kinase Kinase 4/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Superoxides/metabolism
- Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/adverse effects
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan
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Aihara KI, Azuma H, Akaike M, Kurobe H, Takamori N, Ikeda Y, Sumitomo Y, Yoshida S, Yagi S, Iwase T, Ishikawa K, Sata M, Kitagawa T, Matsumoto T. Heparin cofactor II is an independent protective factor against peripheral arterial disease in elderly subjects with cardiovascular risk factors. J Atheroscler Thromb 2009; 16:127-34. [PMID: 19403987 DOI: 10.5551/jat.e695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Heparin cofactor II (HCII) specifically inactivates thrombin action at the injured vascular wall. We have reported that HCII is a protective factor against coronary in-stent restenosis and carotid atherosclerosis; however, it is unclear whether there is any correlation between plasma HCII levels and the development of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). METHODS Plasma HCII activity and the ankle brachial pressure index (ABI) were determined in 494 elderly subjects with cardiovascular risk factors. PAD was diagnosed by ABI below 0.9, and 62 subjects were diagnosed with PAD. The relationship between factors that affect cardiovascular events and the prevalence of PAD was statistically evaluated. RESULTS Mean HCII activity in PAD subjects was significantly lower than in non-PAD subjects (87.5+/-19.7% v.s. 94.6+/-17.8%, p=0.009). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.062, p=0.0016), current smoking (OR 3.028, p=0.002) and diabetes mellitus (OR 2.656, p=0.008) were independent and progressive determinants of PAD. In contrast, HCII was an independent inhibitory factor of PAD (OR: 0.982, p=0.048). CONCLUSIONS Plasma HCII activity is inversely related to the prevalence of PAD. HCII may function as the sole protective factor against PAD in elderly people with cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Aihara
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
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Plasma heparin cofactor II activity is an independent predictor of future cardiovascular events in patients after acute myocardial infarction. Coron Artery Dis 2009; 19:597-602. [PMID: 18971786 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0b013e3283155579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study tested the hypothesis that plasma heparin cofactor II (HCII) activity independently predicts cardiovascular events in patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and attempted to elucidate the role of HCII in atherothrombosis. BACKGROUND HCII inhibits thrombin activity by binding to dermatan sulfate and has been shown to be a novel and independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. However, there is limited data on the relation between plasma levels of HCII after AMI and future cardiovascular events. METHODS A total of 110 consecutive patients (aged 63+/-11 years) with AMI were followed up for 42+/-12 months. Plasma HCII activity was determined from blood samples collected immediately after hospitalization. The primary end point was the combined occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including rehospitalization because of unstable angina, nonfatal MI, revascularization with either percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting, ischemic stroke, and cardiovascular death. RESULTS All patients were divided into three groups: a high-HCII group (>122%, n=35), a normal-HCII group (>98% and <or=122%, n=41), and a low-HCII group (<or=98%, n=34). The high-HCII group had reduced MACE compared with the other groups, although the difference was not significant (P=0.150). Enhanced plasma HCII activity was, however, significantly associated with decreased MACE in the nondiabetic patients (P=0.034). In a Cox multivariate regression analysis that included all patients, plasma HCII activity was an independent predictor of future MACE (P=0.029). CONCLUSION The results indicate a potential association between plasma HCII activity and future cardiovascular events after AMI. Moreover, HCII activity seems to play a pivotal role in atherothrombosis.
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Borissoff JI, Spronk HMH, Heeneman S, ten Cate H. Is thrombin a key player in the 'coagulation-atherogenesis' maze? Cardiovasc Res 2009; 82:392-403. [PMID: 19228706 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to its established roles in the haemostatic system, thrombin is an intriguing coagulation protease demonstrating an array of effects on endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), monocytes, and platelets, all of which are involved in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. There is mounting evidence that thrombin acts as a powerful modulator of many processes like regulation of vascular tone, permeability, migration and proliferation of VSMC, recruitment of monocytes into the atherosclerotic lesions, induction of diverse pro-inflammatory markers, and all of these are related to the progression of cardiovascular disease. Recent studies in transgenic mice models indicate that the deletion of the natural thrombin inhibitor heparin cofactor II promotes an accelerated atherogenic state. Moreover, the reduction of thrombin activity levels in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, because of the administration of the direct thrombin inhibitor melagatran, attenuates plaque progression and promotes stability in advanced atherosclerotic lesions. The combined evidence points to thrombin as a pivotal contributor to vascular pathophysiology. Considering the clinical development of selective anticoagulants including direct thrombin inhibitors, it is a relevant moment to review the different thrombin-induced mechanisms that contribute to the initiation, formation, progression, and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Ilcheff Borissoff
- Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Aihara KI, Azuma H, Akaike M, Sata M, Matsumoto T. Heparin Cofactor II as a Novel Vascular Protective Factor Against Atherosclerosis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2009; 16:523-31. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.1552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Mari D, Ogliari G, Castaldi D, Vitale G, Bollini EM, Lio D. Hemostasis and ageing. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2008; 5:12. [PMID: 18947391 PMCID: PMC2602988 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-5-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
On March 19, 2008 a Symposium on Pathophysiology of Ageing and Age-Related Diseases was held in Palermo, Italy. The lecture of D. Mari on Hemostasis and ageing is summarized herein. Physiological ageing is associated with increased plasma levels of many proteins of blood coagulation together with fibrinolysis impairment. This may be of great concern in view of the known association between vascular and thromboembolic diseases and ageing. On the other hand, centenarians are characterized by a state of hypercoagulability and possession of several high-risk alleles and well-known atherothrombotic risk markers but this appears to be compatible with longevity and/or health. Parameters considered risk factors for atherosclerotic vascular diseases in young people may lose their biological significance in advanced age and assume a different role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e U.O. di Geriatria, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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Ribeiro MMB, Franquelim HG, Castanho MARB, Veiga AS. Molecular interaction studies of peptides using steady-state fluorescence intensity. Static (de)quenching revisited. J Pept Sci 2008; 14:401-6. [PMID: 17994617 DOI: 10.1002/psc.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions, as well as peptide-peptide and peptide-protein interactions are fields of study of growing importance as molecular-level detail is avidly pursued in drug design, metabolic regulation and molecular dynamics, among other classes of studies. In membranes, this issue is particularly relevant because lipid bilayers potentiate molecular interactions due to the high local concentration of peptides and other solutes.However, experimental techniques and methodologies to detect and quantify such interactions are not abundant. A reliable, fast and inexpensive alternative methodology is revisited in this work. Considering the interaction of two molecules, at least one of them being fluorescent, either intrinsically (e.g. Trp residues) or by grafting a specific probe, changes in their aggregation state may be reported, as long as the fluorophore is sensitive to local changes in polarity, conformation and/or exposure to the solvent. The interaction will probably lead to modifications in fluorescence intensity resulting in a decrease ('quenching') or enhancement ('dequenching'). Although the presented methodology is based on static quenching methodologies, the concept is extended from quenching to any kind of interference with the fluorophore. Equations for data analysis are shown and their applications are illustrated by calculating the binding constant for several data-sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta M B Ribeiro
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Ed C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Rahgozar S, Giannakopoulos B, Yan X, Wei J, Cheng Qi J, Gemmell R, Krilis SA. Beta2-glycoprotein I protects thrombin from inhibition by heparin cofactor II: Potentiation of this effect in the presence of anti-β2-glycoprotein I autoantibodies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 58:1146-55. [DOI: 10.1002/art.23387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Heparin cofactor II (HCII)-deficient mice form occlusive thrombi more rapidly than do wild-type mice following injury to the carotid arterial endothelium. Dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparan sulfate (HS) increase the rate of inhibition of thrombin by HCII in vitro, but it is unknown whether vascular glycosaminoglycans play a role in the antithrombotic effect of HCII in vivo. In this study, we found that intravenous injection of either wild-type recombinant HCII or a variant with low affinity for HS (K173H) corrected the abnormally short thrombosis time of HCII-deficient mice, while a variant with low affinity for DS (R189H) had no effect. When HCII was incubated with frozen sections of the mouse carotid artery, it bound specifically to DS in the adventitia. HCII was undetectable in the wall of the uninjured carotid artery, but it became concentrated in the adventitia following endothelial injury. These results support the hypothesis that HCII interacts with DS in the vessel wall after disruption of the endothelium and that this interaction regulates thrombus formation in vivo.
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Vicente CP, He L, Tollefsen DM. Accelerated atherogenesis and neointima formation in heparin cofactor II deficient mice. Blood 2007; 110:4261-7. [PMID: 17878401 PMCID: PMC2234791 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-04-086611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin cofactor II (HCII) is a plasma protein that inhibits thrombin when bound to dermatan sulfate or heparin. HCII-deficient mice are viable and fertile but rapidly develop thrombosis of the carotid artery after endothelial injury. We now report the effects of HCII deficiency on atherogenesis and neointima formation. HCII-null or wild-type mice, both on an apolipoprotein E-null background, were fed an atherogenic diet for 12 weeks. HCII-null mice developed plaque areas in the aortic arch approximately 64% larger than wild-type mice despite having similar plasma lipid and glucose levels. Neointima formation was induced by mechanical dilation of the common carotid artery. Thrombin activity, determined by hirudin binding or chromogenic substrate hydrolysis within 1 hour after injury, was higher in the arterial walls of HCII-null mice than in wild-type mice. After 3 weeks, the median neointimal area was 2- to 3-fold greater in HCII-null than in wild-type mice. Dermatan sulfate administered intravenously within 48 hours after injury inhibited neointima formation in wild-type mice but had no effect in HCII-null mice. Heparin did not inhibit neointima formation. We conclude that HCII deficiency promotes atherogenesis and neointima formation and that treatment with dermatan sulfate reduces neointima formation in an HCII-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina P Vicente
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-São Paulo, Brazil
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