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Kim HY, Kim HS. Sulfatase 1 mediates IL-10-induced dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 expression and antiproliferative effects in vascular smooth muscle cells of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Cytokine 2021; 137:155344. [PMID: 33128921 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular sulfatases (exSulfs) sulfatase 1 (Sulf1) and sulfatase 2 (Sulf2) are well-known regulators of cell signaling and metabolism. In addition, exSulfs mediate the up- or downregulatory effects of cytokines on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced expression of hypertensive mediators in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Previously, we demonstrated that interleukin-10 (IL-10)-induced dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH-1) expression was mediated by Ang II subtype 2 receptor (AT2 R) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, and that IL-10-mediated inhibition of Ang II-induced proliferation of SHRs VSMC was partially associated with DDAH-1. In this study, we examined the effects of exSulfs on IL-10-induced DDAH-1 expression, abrogation of Ang II-induced DDAH-1 downregulation, and inhibition of Ang II-induced proliferation of SHRs VSMC. IL-10-induced DDAH-1 expression and abrogation of Ang II-induced DDAH-1 downregulation were attenuated in Sulf1 siRNA-transfected SHRs VSMC. However, Sulf2 did not affect IL-10-induced DDAH-1 expression and abrogation of Ang II-induced DDAH-1 downregulation. Downregulation of Sulf1 inhibited IL-10-induced AT2 R expression and the synergistic effects of IL-10 on Ang II-induced AT2 R expression. Additionally, Sulf1 downregulation inhibited IL-10-induced AMPK activity and abrogation of Ang II-induced decrease in AMPK activity. Moreover, the IL-10-mediated inhibition of Ang II-induced proliferation was not detected in Sulf1 siRNA-transfected SHRs VSMC; IL-10-mediated inhibition of Ang II-induced VSMC proliferation was mediated via the AT2 R pathway and AMPK activation. Specifically, IL-10-induced DDAH-1 expression, abrogation of Ang II-induced DDAH-1 downregulation, and inhibition of Ang II-induced proliferation, which is mediated by the AT2 R pathway and AMPK activation, are mainly mediated by Sulf1 activity in SHRs VSMC. These results suggest that Sulf1, and not Sulf2, mediates the IL-10-induced inhibition of Ang II-induced hypertensive effects in SHRs VSMC.
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MESH Headings
- Amidohydrolases/genetics
- Amidohydrolases/metabolism
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Interleukin-10/pharmacology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- RNA Interference
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Sulfotransferases/genetics
- Sulfotransferases/metabolism
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Maternal undernutrition results in altered renal pro-inflammatory gene expression concomitant with hypertension in adult male offspring that is ameliorated following pre-weaning growth hormone treatment. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 10:459-468. [PMID: 31347485 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174418000922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An adverse early life environment is associated with increased cardiovascular disease in offspring. Work in animal models has shown that maternal undernutrition (UN) during pregnancy leads to hypertension in adult offspring, with effects thought to be mediated in part via altered renal function. We have previously shown that growth hormone (GH) treatment of UN offspring during the pre-weaning period can prevent the later development of cardiometabolic disorders. However, the mechanistic basis for these observations is not well defined. The present study examined the impact of GH treatment on renal inflammatory markers in adult male offspring as a potential mediator of these reversal effects. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a chow diet fed ad libitum (CON) or at 50% of CON intake (UN) during pregnancy. All dams were fed the chow diet ad libitum during lactation. CON and UN pups received saline (CON-S/UN-S) or GH (2.5 µg/g/day; CON-GH/UN-GH) from postnatal day 3 until weaning (p21). Post-weaning males were fed a standard chow diet for the remainder of the study (150 days). Histological analysis was performed to examine renal morphological characteristics, and gene expression of inflammatory and vascular markers were assessed. There was evidence of renal hypotrophy and reduced nephron number in the UN-S group. Tumour necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), intercellular adhesion molecular-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 gene expression was increased in UN-S offspring and normalized in the UN-GH group. These findings indicate that pre-weaning GH treatment has the potential to normalize some of the adverse renal and cardiovascular sequelae that arise as a consequence of poor maternal nutrition.
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3
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Abstract
Background Cardiac fibrosis occurs because of disruption of the extracellular matrix network leading to myocardial dysfunction. Angiotensin II has been implicated in the development of cardiac fibrosis. Recently, microRNAs have been identified as an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in cardiac pathologies; however, the underlying mechanism of microRNAs in cardiac fibrosis remains unclear. MicroRNA‐130a (miR‐130a) has been shown to participate in angiogenesis and cardiac arrhythmia; however, its role in cardiac fibrosis is unknown. Methods and Results In this study, we found that miR‐130a was significantly upregulated in angiotensin II‐infused mice. The in vivo inhibition of miR‐130a by locked nucleic acid– based anti‐miR‐130a in mice significantly reduced angiotensin II‐induced cardiac fibrosis. Upregulation of miR‐130a was confirmed in failing human hearts. Overexpressing miR‐130a in cardiac fibroblasts promoted profibrotic gene expression and myofibroblasts differentiation, and the inhibition of miR‐130a reversed the processes. Using the constitutive and dominant negative constructs of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ 3‐′untranslated region (UTR), data revealed that the protective mechanism was associated with restoration of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ level leading to the inhibition of angiotensin II‐induced cardiac fibrosis. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence that miR‐130a plays a critical role in cardiac fibrosis by directly targeting peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ. We conclude that inhibition of miR‐130a would be a promising strategy for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kelsey R Bounds
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott White Health, Temple, TX
| | - Piyali Chatterjee
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott White Health, Temple, TX
| | - Sudhiranjan Gupta
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX
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4
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Brown L, Fenning A, Shek A, Burstow D. Reversal of cardiovascular remodelling with candesartan. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2016; 2:S141-S147. [DOI: 10.1177/14703203010020012501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular remodelling, defined as ventricular and vascular hypertrophy together with fibrosis, characterises hypertension following inhibition of the production of the endogenous vasodilator, nitric oxide (NO). This study has determined whether the cardiovascular remodelling following chronic NO synthase inhibition can be reversed by administration of the selective angiotensin II AT1-receptor antagonist, candesartan. Male Wistar rats were treated with L-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 400 mg/l in drinking water) for eight weeks and with candesartan cilexetil (2 mg/kg/day by oral gavage) for the last four weeks. L-NAME-treated rats became hypertensive with systolic blood pressure increasing from 110±4 mmHg (control) to 170±10 mmHg. Rats developed left ventricular hypertrophy (control 1.70±0.06; L-NAME 2.10±0.04 mg/kg body wt) with markedly increased deposition of perivascular and interstitial collagen. Candesartan returned blood pressure, left ventricular weights and collagen deposition to control values. Echocardiographic assessment showed concentric hypertrophy with an increased fractional shortening; this was reversed by candesartan treatment. Heart failure was not evident. In the isolated Langendorff heart, diastolic stiffness increased in L-NAME-treated rats while the rate of increase in pressure (+dP/dt) increased after eight weeks only; candesartan reduced collagen deposition and normalised +dP/dt. In isolated left ventricular papillary muscles, the potency (negative log EC50) of noradrenaline as a positive inotropic compound was unchanged, (control 6.56±0.14); maximal increase in force before ectopic beats was reduced from 5.0±0.4 mN to 2.0±0.2 mN. Noradrenaline potency as a vasoconstrictor in thoracic aortic rings was unchanged, but maximal contraction was markedly reduced from 25.2±2.0 mN to 3.0±0.3 mN; this was partially reversed by candesartan treatment. Thus, chronic inhibition of NO production with L-NAME induces hypertension, hypertrophy and fibrosis with increased toxicity and significant decreases in vascular responses to noradrenaline. These changes were at least partially reversible by treatment with candesartan, implying a significant role of AT1-receptors in L-NAME-induced cardiovascular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Brown
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University
of Queensland,
| | - Andrew Fenning
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University
of Queensland
| | - Annie Shek
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University
of Queensland
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5
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Osada-Oka M, Shiota M, Izumi Y, Nishiyama M, Tanaka M, Yamaguchi T, Sakurai E, Miura K, Iwao H. Macrophage-derived exosomes induce inflammatory factors in endothelial cells under hypertensive conditions. Hypertens Res 2016; 40:353-360. [PMID: 27881852 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most important cardiovascular risk factors and results in macrophage infiltration of blood vessels. However, how macrophages coordinate inflammatory responses with endothelial cells (ECs) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether exosomes upregulate the expression of inflammatory factors in ECs under hypertensive conditions. Hypertension was induced in rats by continuous infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II). Exosomes were purified from rat serum by density gradient and ultracentrifugation and used to stimulate human coronary artery ECs (HCAECs). Moreover, the interactions between HCAECs and exosomes from human THP-1-derived macrophages were analyzed. Administration of Ang II enhanced the expression of CD68, a macrophage marker, in rat hearts, suggesting enhanced infiltration of macrophages. In addition, the expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a proinflammatory factor, was increased in hypertensive rat hearts compared with control rats. CD68 protein expression and an increase in the expression of some exosome markers were detected in exosomes from hypertensive rat serum. Moreover, the exosomes upregulated the expression levels of ICAM1 and PAI-1 in HCAECs. The level of miR-17, a negative regulator of ICAM1 expression, was markedly decreased in exosomes from hypertensive rat serum compared with exosomes from control rats. Interestingly, Ang II-stimulated THP-1-derived exosomes also enhanced the expression of ICAM1 and PAI-1 and contained reduced levels of miR-17 compared with exosomes from unstimulated cells. These results suggest that inflammation of ECs under hypertensive conditions is caused, at least in part, by macrophage-derived exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Osada-Oka
- Food Hygiene and Environmental Health Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shiota
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasukatsu Izumi
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masako Tanaka
- Applied Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Bacteriology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Emi Sakurai
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan.,Applied Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan.,Applied Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwao
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Education, Shitennoji University, Habikino, Japan
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6
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Shan H, Zhang S, Wei X, Li X, Qi H, He Y, Liu A, Luo D, Yu X. Protection of endothelial cells against Ang II-induced impairment: Involvement of both PPARα and PPARγ via PI3K/Akt pathway. Clin Exp Hypertens 2016; 38:571-577. [PMID: 27650941 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2016.1174248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HaiYan Shan
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Siyang Zhang
- Science Experiment Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaojie Wei
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huimeng Qi
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yini He
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ao Liu
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Donghui Luo
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaosong Yu
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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7
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Unthank JL, Sheridan KM, Dalsing MC. Collateral Growth in the Peripheral Circulation: A Review. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2016; 38:291-313. [PMID: 15306947 DOI: 10.1177/153857440403800401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Arterial occlusive diseases are a major cause of morbidity and death in the United States. The enlargement of pre-existing vessels, which bypass the site of arterial occlusion, provide a natural way for the body to compensate for such obstructions. Individuals differ in their capacity to develop collateral vessels. In recent years much attention has been focused upon therapy to promote collateral development, primarily using individual growth factors. Such studies have had mixed results. Persistent controversies exist regarding the initiating stimuli, the processes involved in enlargement, the specific vessels that should be targeted, and the most appropriate terminology. Consequently, it is now recognized that more research is needed to extend our knowledge of the complex process of collateral growth. This basic science review addresses five questions essential in understanding current problems in collateral growth research and the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Unthank
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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8
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Measurement of Arterial Stiffness: A Novel Tool of Risk Stratification in Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 956:475-488. [PMID: 27722956 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries worldwide, despite highly effective preventive treatments available. As a difference continues to exist between the estimated and true number of events, further improvement of risk stratification is an essential part of cardiovascular research.Among hypertensive patients measurement of arterial stiffness parameters, like carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) or brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) can contribute to the identification of high-risk subpopulation of patients. This is a hot topic of vascular research including the possibility of the non-invasive measurement of central hemodynamics, wave reflections and recently, 24-h arterial stiffness monitoring as well. This chapter discusses the past and the present of this area including the scientific achievements with cfPWV, baPWV and other measures, provides a short overview of methodologies and the representation of arterial stiffness parameters in guidelines.
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9
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Hale TM. Persistent phenotypic shift in cardiac fibroblasts: impact of transient renin angiotensin system inhibition. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 93:125-32. [PMID: 26631495 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibrotic cardiac remodeling ultimately leads to heart failure - a debilitating and costly condition. Select antihypertensive agents have been effective in reducing or slowing the development of cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, some experimental studies have shown that the reduction in fibrosis induced by these agents persists long after stopping treatment. What has not been as well investigated is whether this transient treatment results in a protection against future fibrotic cardiac remodeling. In the present review, previously published studies are re-examined to assess whether the relative percent increase in collagen deposition over an off-treatment period is attenuated, relative to control, following transient antihypertensive treatment in young or adult rats. Present findings suggest that transient inhibition of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) not only produces a sustained reduction in cardiac fibrosis, but also results in a degree of protection against future collagen deposition. In addition, prior transient RAS inhibition appears to alter the cardiac fibroblast phenotype such that these cells show a muted response to myocardial injury - namely reduced proliferation, chemokine release, and collagen deposition. This review puts forth several potential mechanisms underlying this long-term cardiac protection that is afforded by transient RAS inhibition. Specifically, fibroblast phenotypic change, cardiac fibroblast apoptosis, sustained suppression of the RAS, persistent reduction in left ventricular hypertrophy, and persistent reduction in arterial pressure are each discussed. Identifying the mechanisms ultimately responsible for this change in cardiac fibroblast response to injury, hypertension, and aging may reveal novel targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taben M Hale
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona, College of Medicine - Phoenix, 425 N 5th St, ABC1, Rm 327, USA.
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10
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Biwer LA, D'souza KM, Abidali A, Tu D, Siniard AL, DeBoth M, Huentelman M, Hale TM. Time course of cardiac inflammation during nitric oxide synthase inhibition in SHR: impact of prior transient ACE inhibition. Hypertens Res 2015; 39:8-18. [PMID: 26490086 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2015.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition with enalapril produces persistent effects that protect against future nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor (L-arginine methyl ester, L-NAME)-induced cardiac dysfunction and outer wall collagen deposition in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In the present study, we dissect the cytokine/chemokine release profile during NOS inhibition, its correlation to pathological cardiac remodeling and the impact of transient ACE inhibition on these effects. Adult male SHR were treated with enalapril (E+L) or tap water (C+L) for 2 weeks followed by a 2-week washout period. Rats were then subjected to 0, 3, 7 or 10 days of L-NAME treatment. The temporal response to NOS inhibition was evaluated by measuring arterial pressure, cardiac remodeling and cytokine/chemokine levels. L-NAME equivalently increased blood pressure and myocardial and vascular injury in C+L and E+L rats. However, pulse pressure (PP) was only transiently altered in C+L rats. The levels of several inflammatory mediators were increased during L-NAME treatment. However, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were uniquely increased in C+L hearts; whereas IL-4 and fractalkine were only elevated in E+L hearts. By days 7 and 10 of L-NAME treatment, there was a significant increase in the cardiac density of macrophages and proliferating cells, respectively only in C+L rats. Although myocardial injury was similar in both treatment groups, PP was not changed and there was a distinct cardiac chemokine/cytokine signature in rats previously treated with enalapril that may be related to the lack of proliferative response and macrophage infiltration in these hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Biwer
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix AZ, USA
| | - Karen M D'souza
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix AZ, USA
| | - Ali Abidali
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix AZ, USA
| | - Danni Tu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix AZ, USA
| | - Ashley L Siniard
- Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew DeBoth
- Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Taben M Hale
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix AZ, USA
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11
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Future Treatment of Hypertension: Shifting the Focus from Blood Pressure Lowering to Arterial Stiffness Modulation? Curr Hypertens Rep 2015; 17:67. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-015-0569-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Kim HY, Cha HJ, Kim HS. CCL5 upregulates IL-10 expression and partially mediates the antihypertensive effects of IL-10 in the vascular smooth muscle cells of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 2015; 38:666-74. [PMID: 25971630 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2015.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 inhibits angiotensin (Ang) II-induced vascular dysfunction and reduces blood pressure in hypertensive pregnant rats. The chemokine CCL5 has also been shown to downregulate Ang II-induced hypertensive mediators in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). This study investigated the effects of CCL5 on IL-10 expression, as well as its mechanisms of action in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of SHRs. CCL5 increased IL-10 expression in the VSMCs of SHRs; the s.c. injection of CCL5 (1.5 μg kg(-1), twice a day) for 3 weeks into SHRs with established hypertension upregulated IL-10 expression in both the thoracic aorta and the VSMCs and decreased systolic blood pressure. CCL5-induced the elevation of IL-10 expression, an effect mediated primarily via the activation of an Ang II subtype II receptor (AT2 R). Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH)-1 activity also contributed to the elevation of IL-10 expression via CCL5 in the VSMCs of SHRs. Moreover, CCL5 partially mediated the inhibitory effects of IL-10 on Ang II-induced 12-lipoxygenase (LO) and endothelin (ET)-1 expression in the VSMCs of SHRs. Taken together, this study provides novel evidence that CCL5 plays a role in the upregulation of IL-10 activity in the VSMCs of SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hye Ju Cha
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hee Sun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
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13
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Evaluation of the Effects of Some Brazilian Medicinal Plants on the Production of TNF- α and CCL2 by THP-1 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:497123. [PMID: 25878716 PMCID: PMC4386292 DOI: 10.1155/2015/497123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Several plant species are traditionally used in Brazil to treat various inflammatory diseases. Tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) are key inflammatory mediators in diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis, respectively; nevertheless, only a few extracts have been assayed against these targets. We herein report the effect of 19 plant extracts on TNF-α and CCL2 release by lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated THP-1 cells, a human monocytic leukemia cell line, along with their radical scavenging activity on DPPH. The extracts of Caryocar brasiliense, Casearia sylvestris, Coccoloba cereifera, and Terminalia glabrescens inhibited TNF-α production in a concentration-dependent manner. Fractionation of these extracts potentiated the anti-TNF-α effect, which was shown to concentrate in polar fractions, mainly composed by polyphenols. Significant CCL2 inhibition was elicited by Lippia sidoides and Terminalia glabrescens extracts, whose fractionation resulted in highly active low polar fractions. All assayed extracts showed strong radical scavenging activity, but antioxidant activity did not correlate with inhibition of TNF-α or CCL2 production. Our results allowed identifying extracts with selective capacity to block cytokine production; therefore, further purification of these extracts may yield molecules that could be useful in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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14
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KRISTEK F, DROBNA M, CACANYIOVA C. Different Effects of 7-nitroindazole and L-NAME Administered Both Individually and Together on the Cardiovascular System of the Rat. Physiol Res 2015; 64:1-10. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) (50 mg/kg/day) and 7-nitroindazole (7NI) (10 mg/kg/day) administered from 10th-16th week of age either individually or together on cardiovascular system of Wistar rats and SHR. Systolic blood pressure (sBP) was measured weekly by the plethysmographic method. For morphological studies, the animals (n=10) were perfused with a fixative (120 mm Hg), and thoracic aorta and carotid and coronary arteries were processed for electron microscopy. For functional investigation (n=10), aortic rings were used in an organ bath. In Wistar rats, L-NAME evoked an increase of sBP; hypertrophy of the heart and arterial walls; an increase in cross-sectional areas (CSA) of endothelial cells (EC), muscle cells (SMC), extracellular matrix (ECM), and a decrease in acetylcholine-induced endothelial-dependent relaxation (EDR). 7NI evoked sBP-independent hypotrophy of the heart and arterial walls, a decrease in CSA of EC and SMC without affecting the CSA of ECM, and a mild decrease in acetylcholine-induced EDR. 7NI and L-NAME administered together evoked lower effect on BP and trophicity of the heart and all arteries, and a similar decrease in acetylcholine-induced EDR compared to L-NAME alone. In SHR, 7NI did not evoke any effect on the studied parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. KRISTEK
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Excellence for Examination of Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Civilisation Diseases, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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15
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Kim HY, Cha HJ, Choi JH, Kang YJ, Park SY, Kim HS. CCL5 Inhibits Elevation of Blood Pressure and Expression of Hypertensive Mediators in Developing Hypertension State Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2015.45.2.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hye Ju Cha
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hee Sun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
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Kim HY, Kim HS. IL-10 up-regulates CCL5 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Cytokine 2014; 68:40-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Kim HY, Cha HJ, Kim HS. CCL5 upregulates activation of AMP-activated protein kinases in vascular smooth muscle cells of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Cytokine 2014; 67:77-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Ishizawa K, Izawa-Ishizawa Y, Yamano N, Urushihara M, Sakurada T, Imanishi M, Fujii S, Nuno A, Miyamoto L, Kihira Y, Ikeda Y, Kagami S, Kobori H, Tsuchiya K, Tamaki T. Nitrosonifedipine ameliorates the progression of type 2 diabetic nephropathy by exerting antioxidative effects. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86335. [PMID: 24489716 PMCID: PMC3904885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the major cause of end-stage renal failure. Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of DN. Nitrosonifedipine (NO-NIF) is a weak calcium channel blocker that is converted from nifedipine under light exposure. Recently, we reported that NO-NIF has potential as a novel antioxidant with radical scavenging abilities and has the capacity to treat vascular dysfunction by exerting an endothelial protective effect. In the present study, we extended these findings by evaluating the efficacy of NO-NIF against DN and by clarifying the mechanisms of its antioxidative effect. In a model of type 2 DN (established in KKAy mice), NO-NIF administration reduced albuminuria and proteinuria as well as glomerular expansion without affecting glucose metabolism or systolic blood pressure. NO-NIF also suppressed renal and systemic oxidative stress and decreased the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, a marker of endothelial cell injury, in the glomeruli of the KKAy mice. Similarly, NO-NIF reduced albuminuria, oxidative stress, and ICAM-1 expression in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) knockout mice. Moreover, NO-NIF suppressed urinary angiotensinogen (AGT) excretion and intrarenal AGT protein expression in proximal tubular cells in the KKAy mice. On the other hand, hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial superoxide production was not attenuated by NO-NIF in cultured endothelial cells. These findings suggest that NO-NIF prevents the progression of type 2 DN associated with endothelial dysfunction through selective antioxidative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ishizawa
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuki Izawa-Ishizawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Noriko Yamano
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Maki Urushihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takumi Sakurada
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masaki Imanishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shoko Fujii
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Asami Nuno
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Licht Miyamoto
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kihira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shoji Kagami
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kobori
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tamaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Corradi D. Atrial fibrillation from the pathologist's perspective. Cardiovasc Pathol 2013; 23:71-84. [PMID: 24462196 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Electrophysiologically, it is characterized by a high rate of asynchronous atrial cell depolarization causing a loss of atrial contractile function and irregular ventricular rates. For a long time, AF was considered as a pure functional disorder without any structural background. Only in recent years, have new mapping and imaging techniques identified atrial locations, which are very often involved in the initiation and maintenance of this supraventricular arrhythmia (i.e. the distal portion of the pulmonary veins and the surrounding atrial myocardium). Morphological analysis of these myocardial sites has demonstrated significant structural remodeling as well as paved the way for further knowledge of AF natural history, pathogenesis, and treatment. This architectural myocardial disarrangement is induced by the arrhythmia itself and the very frequently associated cardiovascular disorders. At the same time, the structural remodeling is also capable of sustaining AF, thereby creating a sort of pathogenetic vicious circle. This review focuses on current understanding about the structural and genetic bases of AF with reference to their classification, pathogenesis, and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Corradi
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological, and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), Unit of Pathology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Cavka A, Cosic A, Grizelj I, Koller A, Jelaković B, Lombard JH, Phillips SA, Drenjancevic I. Effects of AT1 receptor blockade on plasma thromboxane A2 (TXA2) level and skin microcirculation in young healthy women on low salt diet. Kidney Blood Press Res 2013; 37:432-42. [PMID: 24247418 DOI: 10.1159/000355723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of AT1 receptor antagonism on skin microcirculation and plasma level of thromboxane A2 (TXA2). METHODS Healthy women (n=20) maintained 7 days low salt (LS) diet (intake <40 mmol Na/day) without (LS) or together with 50 mg/per day of losartan (a selective AT1 receptor inhibitor) (LS diet+losartan group). Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) measurements of changes in post occlusive hyperemic blood flow, plasma concentration of stable TXA2 metabolite thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and plasma renin activity (PRA) aldosterone concentration, electrolytes (Na(+), K(+)), as well as blood pressure and heart rate were determined before and after study protocols. RESULTS PRA and aldosterone increased significantly after 7 days of both LS diet and LS diet+losartan. LS diet or LS diet+losartan administrations had no significant effect on post-occlusion hyperemia While there was no change in TXB2 after LS diet TXB2 significantly increased after one week of LS+losartan compared to control levels (cTXB2 pg/mL control 101±80 vs. LS diet+losartan 190±116, p<0.05). CONCLUSION These data suggest that inhibition of AT1 receptors could lead to activation of AT2 receptors, which maintain hyperemia, despite the increased level of vasoconstrictor TXA2. These findings also suggest an important role of crosstalk between renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and arachidonic acid metabolites in the regulation of microcirculation under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cavka
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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21
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Ohshima K, Mogi M, Nakaoka H, Jing F, Iwanami J, Min LJ, Tsukuda K, Kanno H, Ogimoto A, Higaki J, Horiuchi M. Inhibition of MCP-1/CCR2 signaling pathway is involved in synergistic inhibitory effects of irbesartan with rosuvastatin on vascular remodeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 6:375-84. [PMID: 23107893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Additional beneficial effects of angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor blockers beyond AT(1) receptor blockade have been highlighted. Irbesartan is reported to act as an antagonist of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) receptor, C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2). We examined the possible synergistic effects of the combination of irbesartan with rosuvastatin on preventing vascular remodeling focusing on the MCP-1/CCR2 pathway. We observed that administration of irbesartan and CCR2 antagonist, propagermanium, at noneffective doses, decreased the neointima with a decrease in PCNA labeling index in the injured mouse femoral artery induced by cuff placement. We also observed that administration of a noneffective dose of rosuvastatin with propagermanium decreased the neointima area, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of rosuvastatin on neointima formation is at least partly attributable to blockade of the MCP-1/CCR2 pathway. Moreover, we demonstrated that the combination of irbesartan with rosuvastatin decreased neointima formation. MCP-1 mRNA level was significantly increased in injured femoral arteries, and administration of irbesartan with rosuvastatin decreased the mRNA levels of MCP-1, TNFα, and IL-1β, and increased PPARγ mRNA expression. These results suggest that the synergistic inhibitory effects of irbesartan with rosuvastatin on neointima formation may involve attenuation of MCP-1/CCR2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousei Ohshima
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
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Lakatta EG. Central arterial aging and the epidemic of systolic hypertension and atherosclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 1:302-40. [PMID: 20409863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The structure and function of central arteries change throughout the lifetime of humans and animals. Since atherosclerosis and hypertension are prevalent in epidemic proportion among older persons, it is reasonable to hypothesize that specific mechanisms that underlie the arterial substrate that has been altered by an "aging process" are intimately linked to arterial diseases. Indeed, recent studies reveal a profile of arterial cell and matrix properties that emerges with advancing age within the grossly normal appearing aortic wall of both animals and humans. This profile is proinflammatory, and is manifested by intimal infiltration of fetal cells, increased production of angiotensin II (Ang II)-signaling pathway molecules, eg, matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), transforming growth factor B1 (TGF-beta1), enhanced activation of MMPs, TGF-beta, and NADPH oxidase, and reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. This profile is similar to that induced at younger ages in experimental animal models of hypertension or atherosclerosis. In humans, this proinflammatory state, which occurs in the absence of lipid deposition, appears to be attributable to aging, per se. Other well known human risk factors, eg, altered lipid metabolism, smoking, and lack of exercise, interact with this arterial substrate that is altered by aging and render the aging human artery fertile soil for facilitation of the initiation and progression of arterial diseases. Therapies to reduce or retard this age-associated proinflammatory state within the grossly appearing arterial wall central arteries, in addition to slowing arterial aging, per se, may have a substantial impact on the quintessential age-associated arterial diseases of our society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Gerontology Research Center, National Institute, Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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23
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Osgood MJ, Harrison DG, Sexton KW, Hocking KM, Voskresensky IV, Komalavilas P, Cheung-Flynn J, Guzman RJ, Brophy CM. Role of the renin-angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of intimal hyperplasia: therapeutic potential for prevention of vein graft failure? Ann Vasc Surg 2012; 26:1130-44. [PMID: 22445245 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The saphenous vein remains the most widely used conduit for peripheral and coronary revascularization despite a high rate of vein graft failure. The most common cause of vein graft failure is intimal hyperplasia. No agents have been proven to be successful for the prevention of intimal hyperplasia in human subjects. The renin-angiotensin system is essential in the regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure in physiologic conditions. However, this system mediates cardiovascular remodeling in pathophysiologic states. Angiotensin II is becoming increasingly recognized as a potential mediator of intimal hyperplasia. Drugs modulating the renin-angiotensin system include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. These drugs are powerful inhibitors of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular remodeling, and they are first-line agents for management of several medical conditions based on class I evidence that they delay progression of cardiovascular disease and improve survival. Several experimental models have demonstrated that these agents are capable of inhibiting intimal hyperplasia. However, there are no data supporting their role in prevention of intimal hyperplasia in patients with vein grafts. This review summarizes the physiology of the renin-angiotensin system, the role of angiotensin II in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular remodeling, the medical indications for these agents, and the experimental data supporting an important role of the renin-angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of intimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Osgood
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-0011, USA.
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Impact of cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory status on urinary 8-OHdG in essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25:236-42. [PMID: 22052073 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2011.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The urinary concentrations of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) reflect the oxidation status of hypertensive subjects and it can be used for monitoring oxidative stress changes. However, the influence of cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation on the urinary levels of this marker in hypertension (HT) has never evaluated. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of cardiovascular risk factors, and established inflammatory markers on 8-OHdG in essential HT. METHODS We studied 149 asymptomatic hypertensive patients (61 ± 14 years). A routine physical examination, laboratory analyses, and echo-Doppler study were performed. Urinary 8-OHdG and plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), soluble TNF receptor 1 (sTNF-R1), soluble TNF receptor 2 (sTNF-R2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined. RESULTS 8-OHdG/creatinine levels were higher in hypertrophic patients (P = 0.022) and correlated with left ventricular mass index (P < 0.01). When 8-OHdG/creatinine was compared according to obesity and diabetes in our hypertensive subjects, no significant differences were found. 8-OHdG/creatinine was increased in hypertensive smokers (P = 0.032) and women (P = 0.006). Furthermore, 8-OHdG/creatinine correlated with TNF-α, sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2 (P < 0.0001), and with IL-6 (P < 0.05). A multivariate linear regression analysis showed that gender, smoking, and TNF-α were independent factors of 8-OHdG/creatinine. CONCLUSIONS Urinary 8-OHdG was increased in hypertensive patients with hypertrophy even under medical treatment. The presence of other cardiovascular risk factors on top of HT do not alter the concentrations of this oxidative stress marker, only smoking increasing its levels. TNF-α is an independent factor of 8-OHdG. These data suggest that this urinary marker gives specific additional information, further than blood pressure control alone, when evaluating hypertensive patients.
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25
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Molecular metabolic fingerprinting approach to investigate the effects of borneol on metabolic alterations in the liver of nitric oxide deficient hypertensive rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 362:203-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardiac nitric oxide and endothelin-1 (ET-1) systems are closely linked and play a critical role in cardiac physiology. The balance between both systems is often disturbed in cardiovascular diseases. To define the cardiac effect of excessive ET-1 in a status of nitric oxide deficiency, we compared left ventricular function and morphology in wild-type mice, ET-1 transgenic (ET(+/+)) mice, endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout (eNOS(-/-)) mice, and ET(+/+)eNOS(-/-) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS eNOS(-/-) and ET(+/+)eNOS(-/-) mice developed high blood pressure compared with wild-type and ET(+/+) mice. Left ventricular catheterization showed that eNOS(-/-) mice, but not ET(+/+)eNOS(-/-) , developed diastolic dysfunction characterized by increased end-diastolic pressure and relaxation constant tau. To elucidate the causal molecular mechanisms driving the rescue of diastolic function in ET(+/+)eNOS(-/-) mice, the cardiac proteome was analyzed. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry offers an appropriate hypothesis-free approach. ET-1 overexpression on an eNOS(-/-) background led to an elevated abundance and change in posttranslational state of antioxidant enzymes (e.g., peroxiredoxin-6, glutathione S-transferase mu 2, and heat shock protein beta 7). In contrast to ET(+/+)eNOS(-/-) mice, eNOS(-/-) mice showed an elevated abundance of proteins responsible for sarcomere disassembly (e.g., cofilin-1 and cofilin-2). In ET(+/+)eNOS(-/-) mice, glycolysis was favored at the expense of fatty acid oxidation. CONCLUSION eNOS(-/-) mice developed diastolic dysfunction; this was rescued by ET-1 transgenic overexpression. This study furthermore suggests that cardiac ET-1 overexpression in case of eNOS deficiency causes specifically the regulation of proteins playing a role in oxidative stress, myocytes contractility, and energy metabolism.
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Irbesartan attenuates ischemic brain damage by inhibition of MCP-1/CCR2 signaling pathway beyond AT1 receptor blockade. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 409:275-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.04.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tocci G, Volpe M. Olmesartan medoxomil for the treatment of hypertension in children and adolescents. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2011; 7:177-81. [PMID: 21490943 PMCID: PMC3072741 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s11672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of hypertension in children and adolescents has progressively and continuously increased over recent decades. Thus, early and effective control of high blood pressure may be considered an effective therapeutic approach, in order to reduce the burden of hypertension-related cardiovascular disease in future. In the past, due to the absence of prospective, long-term, randomized, controlled clinical trials performed in young hypertensive patients, lifestyle changes have been long seen as the only strategy to reduce high blood pressure levels. More recently, clinical data on the efficacy and safety of five major classes of antihypertensive drugs (including angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers [ARBs], beta-blockers, calcium-antagonists, and diuretics) have become available. In particular, these trials demonstrated dose-dependent blood pressure reductions and a good tolerability profile of several ARBs in hypertensive children and adolescents. An overview is provided of the clinical benefits of early detection and prompt intervention of high blood pressure levels, with a closer analysis of recent clinical trials, performed with olmesartan medoxomil in young subjects with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Tocci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Sugihara M, Miura SI, Takamiya Y, Kiya Y, Arimura T, Iwata A, Kawamura A, Nishikawa H, Yamagishi SI, Saku K. Significance of pigment epithelium-derived factor levels with angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers in patients with successful coronary stent implantation. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2011; 12:320-5. [PMID: 21330424 DOI: 10.1177/1470320310391921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and pentosidine have received growing attention as sensitive biomarkers of the progression of atherosclerosis. The present study was performed to evaluate the utility of these biomarkers for assessing the effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs). Sixty-three patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) following successful stent implantation were divided into an ARB group (n = 50), who initially received valsartan or olmesartan immediately following stent implantation, and a non-ARB group (n = 13) according to their blood pressure (BP) at baseline. Measurement of BP and blood sampling was performed prior to (at baseline) and 6-8 months following stent implantation (at follow-up). There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics between the groups. Although there were no differences in the percentage of diameter re-stenosis between the groups, the BP level in the ARB group at follow-up showed a significant reduction and reached the target BP. The levels of plasma PEDF were significantly increased at follow-up in the ARB group, but not in the non-ARB group, while there were no differences in the levels of pentosidine between the groups. Changes in BP (ΔBP = BP at follow-up minus BP at baseline) were not associated with ΔPEDF. In conclusion, PEDF may be a useful biomarker for assessing the effects of ARBs independent of a reduction in BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Sugihara
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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Kim HY, Choi JH, Kang YJ, Park SY, Choi HC, Kim HS. Reparixin, an Inhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2 Receptor Activation, Attenuates Blood Pressure and Hypertension-Related Mediators Expression in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:120-7. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University
| | - Jin Hee Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University
| | - Young Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Physiology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University
| | - Hyoung Chul Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University
| | - Hee Sun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University
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Marketou ME, Kontaraki JE, Tsakountakis NA, Zacharis EA, Kochiadakis GE, Arfanakis DA, Parthenakis F, Chlouverakis G, Vardas PE. Differential effect of telmisartan and amlodipine on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma gene expression in peripheral monocytes in patients with essential hypertension. Am J Cardiol 2011; 107:59-63. [PMID: 21146687 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) play a significant role in monocyte activation, vascular inflammation, and atherogenesis. Angiotensin receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers are antihypertensive drugs with established efficacy and a favorable safety profile. We investigated the effect of telmisartan--an angiotensin receptor blocker with PPAR-γ agonist activity--and amlodipine on the activation state of peripheral blood monocytes with respect to MCP-1 and PPAR-γ gene expression in hypertensives. We recruited 31 previously untreated patients with essential hypertension who were randomly assigned to receive treatment with telmisartan (n = 16) or amlodipine (n = 15). Blood samples were taken before and 3 months after therapy initiation. Mononuclear cells were isolated and mRNAs of MCP-1 and PPAR-γ were estimated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction each time. The 2 treatments decreased all blood pressure components significantly (p <0.001). In contrast, in the amlodipine group, MCP-1 gene expression was significantly downregulated after treatment with telmisartan (from 21.4 ± 20.5 to 8.1 ± 6.5, p = 0.009), whereas the amlodipine group did not show any significant change (12.5 ± 8.5 vs 17.6 ± 16.4, p = NS). In addition, PPAR-γ mRNA levels showed a significant increase in telmisartan-treated patients (from 20 ± 18.5 to 42.6 ± 36, p = 0.006) and no significant alterations in the amlodipine group (from 29.6 ± 42.5 to 24.2 ± 27.7, p = NS). In conclusion, treatment with telmisartan results in a significant attenuation of MCP-1 gene expression and an increase of PPAR-γ gene expression in peripheral monocytes in patients with essential hypertension. Our findings may provide new insights into the cardiovascular protection of telmisartan in hypertensives.
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Sukumaran V, Watanabe K, Veeraveedu PT, Thandavarayan RA, Gurusamy N, Ma M, Yamaguchi K, Suzuki K, Kodama M, Aizawa Y. Beneficial effects of olmesartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist, in rats with dilated cardiomyopathy. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2010; 235:1338-46. [DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2010.010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Favorable effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers on patients with ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) have already been suggested by several human trials, but their effects on DCM remain unknown. Hence, we investigated the effect of olmesartan on myocardial remodeling in a rat model in which myosin-induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) might develop into DCM. EAM was elicited in Lewis rats by immunization with cardiac myosin, and 28 d after immunization, the surviving Lewis rats were divided into two groups and treated with either olmesartan (10 mg/kg/d) or vehicle. Age-matched normal rats without immunizations were also used. After four weeks of treatment, we investigated the effects of olmesartan on cardiac function, inflammatory cytokines and cardiac remodeling in EAM rats. Myocardial functional parameters measured by hemodynamic and echocardiographic analyses were significantly improved by the treatment with olmesartan compared with those of vehicle-treated rats. Olmesartan significantly reduced cardiac fibrosis as well as hypertrophy and its molecular markers (left ventricular [LV] mRNA expressions of transforming growth factor beta1, collagen-I and -III, and atrial natriuretic peptide) compared with those of vehicle-treated rats. Increased myocardial mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1β), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and -9) were also suppressed by the treatment with olmesartan in rats with DCM. Further, the plasma level of angiotensin II was significantly increased in olmesartan-treated rats. These findings demonstrate that olmesartan treatment significantly improved LV function and ameliorated the progression of cardiac remodeling in rats with DCM after EAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Sukumaran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603
| | - Punniyakoti T Veeraveedu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603
- Department of Biomedical Optics, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rajarajan A Thandavarayan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603
| | - Narasimman Gurusamy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Meilei Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City 956-8603
| | | | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City 951-8510
| | - Makoto Kodama
- First Department of Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshifusa Aizawa
- First Department of Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan
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Pandey KN, Vellaichamy E. Regulation of cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin AT1 receptor gene expression in Npr1 gene-disrupted mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 37:e70-7. [PMID: 19843097 PMCID: PMC4317343 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
1. Understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of gene expression in the control of blood pressure and fluid volume is a key issue in cardiovascular medicine. Guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A (GC-A/NPRA) signalling antagonizes the physiological and pathophysiological effects mediated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis. 2. The targeted-disruption of the Npr1 gene (coding for GC-A/PRA) leads to activation of the cardiac RAAS involved in the hypertrophic remodelling process, which influences cardiac size, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and the behaviour of various hypertrophy marker genes. The Npr1 gene-knockout (Npr1(-/-)) mice exhibit 35-40 mmHg higher systolic blood pressure and a significantly greater heart weight to bodyweight ratio than wild-type (Npr1(+/+)) mice. 3. The expression of both angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II AT(1a) receptors are significantly increased in hearts from Npr1(-/-) mice compared with hearts from Npr1(+/+) mice. In parallel, the expression of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha is also markedly increased in hearts from Npr1(-/-) mice. 4. These findings indicate that disruption of NPRA/cGMP signalling leads to augmented expression of the cardiac RAAS in conjunction with pro-inflammatory cytokines in Npr1-null mutant mice, which promotes the development of cardiac hypertrophy and remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash N Pandey
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
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Escobales N, Ramos JA, Santacana GE, Crespo MJ. Hemodynamic alterations in the coronary circulation of cardiomyopathic hamsters: age and Ang II-dependent mechanisms. J Card Fail 2009; 15:929-38. [PMID: 19944371 PMCID: PMC2786781 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2009.06.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary vasospasms have been reported in the early stages of cardiomyopathy in the Syrian cardiomyopathic hamster (CM; BIO-TO2 strain). It has been proposed these alterations could lead to ischemic heart disease and heart failure. However, the cause of these coronary abnormalities has not been established. In this study, we evaluated coronary hemodynamic to assess the role of Ang-II, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide (NO) in the development of these alterations in CM of 1, 2, and 6 months of age. METHODS AND RESULTS Excised hearts from control (CT) and CM were retroperfused with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution (KRB), and coronary resistance (CR) was determined. The experimental protocol involved sequential infusions of the thromboxane analog U46619 (THX, 0.1micromol/L), bradykinin (BKN, 10micromol/L), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 10micromol/L). Similar experiments were conducted after treatment of hearts with N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10micromol/L). Basal CR increased with age, but no significant differences were observed between CT and CM. Reactivity to THX was increased (69%, P < .05) in 2-month-old CM when compared with CT. This effect was observed concomitantly with a significant reduction (53%, P < .05) in BKN-induced relaxation. The reduction in BKN-dependent relaxation was prevented by treatment for 1 month with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (1 g.kg.day), or losartan, an Ang II type 1 receptor blocker (10 mg.kg.day). Losartan also prevented the THX-induced increased reactivity in 2-month-old CM. The BKN-induced relaxation occurred through an L-NAME-sensitive pathway that was impaired with age. SNP dilation was preserved in all animal groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results strongly implicate vascular renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) and oxidative stress in endothelial dysfunction and increased reactivity in the early stages of cardiomyopathy in CM. These findings could be relevant to understand the etiology of cardiovascular disorders, in particular, in patients with sarcoglycanopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Escobales
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico - School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
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Sandmann S, Li J, Fritzenkötter C, Spormann J, Tiede K, Fischer JW, Unger T. Differential effects of olmesartan and ramipril on inflammatory response after myocardial infarction in rats. Blood Press 2009; 15:116-28. [PMID: 16754275 DOI: 10.1080/08037050600586593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study compares the effect of two different strategies to inhibit the renin-angiotensin system in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (MI). Male Wistar rats were treated with placebo, the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor ramipril (1 mg/kg/day), or the AT1 receptor antagonist, olmesartan (1 mg/kg/day), both initiated 1 week before induction of MI and continued for 6 weeks after MI. The inflammatory reaction in the heart was investigated 7 days post-MI by determination of macrophage infiltration and the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 at mRNA and protein levels. Six weeks post-MI, cardiac function was measured following chronic implantation of catheters in the LV and femoral artery, and cardiac morphology and coronary structure were investigated in picrosirius-red stained hearts. In placebo-treated rats, macrophage infiltration was accompanied by upregulation of IL-1beta and IL-6 mRNA in the peri-infarct zone. TNF-alpha and IL-1beta mRNA and protein were also upregulated in the non-infarcted myocardium. Whereas both treatment regimes significantly reduced IL-6 upregulation, olmesartan additionally reduced macrophage infiltration and IL-1beta expression. Six weeks post-MI, placebo-treated MI animals developed an impaired cardiac function with structural remodeling of the myocardium and coronaries. While olmesartan and ramipril both improved cardiac function and reduced infarct size and myocardial/coronary remodeling, olmesartan was more effective not only in increasing vascular perimeter, inner vascular diameter and septal thickness but also in lowering media thickness of coronary arteries, inner left ventricular diameter, left ventricular circumference and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure than ramipril. Thus, following MI the AT1 receptor blocker, olmesartan, attenuated cardiac inflammatory reactions and protected myocardial/coronary structure and function of the failing heart proving to be of similar, in some cases superior effectiveness in this respect than the ACE inhibitor, ramipril.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Sandmann
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR)/Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
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Kim JH, Kang YJ, Kim HS. IL-8/CXCL8 Upregulates 12-Lipoxygenase Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells from Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Immune Netw 2009; 9:106-13. [PMID: 20107540 PMCID: PMC2803299 DOI: 10.4110/in.2009.9.3.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Revised: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously demonstrated remarkable differences in the expression of IL-8/CXCL8 in aortic tissues and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared to VSMC from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). In the present study, we investigated the direct effect of IL-8/CXCL8 on expression of 12-lipoxygenase (LO), a hypertensive modulator, in SHR VSMC. Methods Cultured aortic VSMC from SHR and WKY were used. Expression of 12-LO mRNA was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Phosphorlyation of ERK1/2 and production of 12-LO and angiotensin II subtype 1 (AT1) receptor were assessed by Western blots. IL-8/CXCL8-stimulated DNA synthesis was determined by measuring incorporation of [3H]-thymidine. And effect of IL-8/CXCL8 on vascular tone was determined by phenylephrine-induced contraction of thoracic aortic rings. Results Treatment with IL-8/CXCL8 greatly increased 12-LO mRNA expression and protein production compared to treatment with angiotensin II. IL-8/CXCL8 also increased the expression of the AT1 receptor. The increase in 12-LO induced by IL-8/CXCL8 was inhibited by treatment with an AT1 receptor antagonist. The induction of 12-LO mRNA production and the proliferation of SHR VSMC by IL-8/CXCL8 was mediated by the ERK pathway. The proliferation of SHR VSMC and the vascular contraction in the thoracic aortic ring, both of which were induced by IL-8/CXCL8, were inhibited by baicalein, a 12-LO inhibitor. Conclusion These results suggest that the potential role of IL-8/CXCL8 in hypertensive processes is likely mediated through the 12-LO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hae Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
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Sugihara M, Miura SI, Takamiya Y, Kiya Y, Arimura T, Iwata A, Kawamura A, Nishikawa H, Uehara Y, Saku K. Safety and efficacy of antihypertensive therapy with add-on angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker after successful coronary stent implantation. Hypertens Res 2009; 32:625-30. [PMID: 19461652 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2009.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of additional antihypertensive therapy with angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB; olmesartan or valsartan) after successful stent implantation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Fifty patients with CAD after successful stent implantation were included in this study. They were divided into an ARB group, which initially received olmesartan (n=20, 14+/-8 mg day(-1)) or valsartan (n=20, 60+/-23 mg day(-1)) immediately after stent implantation, and a non-ARB group (n=10) according to their blood pressure (BP). Follow-up coronary angiography, measurement of BP and blood sampling were performed before (at baseline) and 6-8 months after stent implantation (at follow-up). There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics between the groups, except for BP. Although there were no changes in % diameter restenosis between the groups, the BP level in the ARB group at follow-up showed a significant reduction (125+/-12/69+/-9 mm Hg) and reached the target BP. There were no critical adverse effects in the ARB group throughout the study period. In addition, serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and pentraxin 3 were significantly decreased in the ARB group but not in the non-ARB group. Although olmesartan and valsartan induced similar BP-lowering effects, olmesartan but not valsartan induced a significant decrease in hs-CRP, but did not increase serum uric acid. In conclusion, antihypertensive therapy with add-on low-dose ARB after stent implantation was safe and achieved the target BP. In particular, olmesartan had an anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Sugihara
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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Therrien F, Lemieux P, Bélanger S, Agharazii M, Lebel M, Larivière R. Protective effects of angiotensin AT1 receptor blockade in malignant hypertension in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 607:126-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ishizawa K, Yamaguchi K, Horinouchi Y, Fukuhara Y, Tajima S, Hamano S, Tomita S, Tsuchiya K, Tamaki T. Drug discovery for overcoming chronic kidney disease (CKD): development of drugs on endothelial cell protection for overcoming CKD. J Pharmacol Sci 2009; 109:14-9. [PMID: 19151535 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.08r08fm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming a major public health problem worldwide. It is important to protect endothelial function in CKD treatment because injury of the endothelium is a critical event for the generation and progression of CKD. Recently, clinical studies showed that nifedipine, an antihypertensive drug, acts as a protective agent of endothelial cells (ECs). Nifedipine is reported to partially decompose to a nitrosonifedipine that has high reactivity against lipid-derived radicals in vitro. However, it is still unclear whether nitrosonifedipine is a biologically active agent against endothelial injury. We observed that nitrosonifedipine was converted to radical form by reaction with cultured ECs. The cumene hydroperoxide mediated cytotoxity was reduced by nitrosonifedipine in cultured human glomerular ECs (HGECs). Also nitrosonifedipine suppressed the expression of TNF-alpha-induced intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 in HGECs. Chronic administration of N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) caused systemic arterial hypertension, endothelial injury, and renal dysfunction. In L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats, nitrosonifedipine treatment improved not only the acetylcholine-induced vasodilation of the aortic rings, but also renal dysfunction such as increasing the levels of serum creatinine and urinary protein excretion. Our preliminary data suggest that nitrosonifedipine is a new and useful drug for the treatment of CKD involving ameliorating effects on EC disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ishizawa
- Department of Pharmacology, The Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
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Abstract
Olmesartan medoxomil (Olmetec, Benicar) is an angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor antagonist (angiotensin receptor blocker [ARB]) that inhibits the actions of angiotensin II on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Oral olmesartan medoxomil 10-40 mg once daily is recommended for the treatment of adult patients with hypertension. In those with inadequate BP control using monotherapy, fixed-dose olmesartan medoxomil/hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) [Olmetec plus, Benicar-HCT] combination therapy may be initiated. Extensive clinical evidence from several large well designed trials and the clinical practice setting has confirmed the antihypertensive efficacy and good tolerability profile of oral olmesartan medoxomil, as monotherapy or in combination with HCTZ, in patients with hypertension, including elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH). Notably, BP control is sustained throughout the 24-hour dosage interval, including during the last 4 hours of this period. In clinical trials, olmesartan medoxomil monotherapy provided better antihypertensive efficacy than losartan, candesartan cilexetil or irbesartan monotherapy, and was at least as effective as valsartan treatment, with a faster onset of action than other ARBs in terms of reductions from baseline in diastolic BP (DBP) and, in most instances, systolic BP (SBP). Combination therapy with olmesartan medoxomil plus HCTZ was superior to that with benazepril plus amlodipine, as effective as that with losartan plus HCTZ, noninferior to that with atenolol plus HCTZ, but less effective than that with telmisartan plus HCTZ, in individual trials. Data from ongoing clinical outcome trials are required to more fully determine the relative position of olmesartan medoxomil therapy in the management of hypertension. In the meantime, the consistent antihypertensive efficacy during the entire 24-hour dosage interval and good tolerability profile of olmesartan medoxomil, with or without HCTZ, make it a valuable option for the treatment of adult patients with hypertension, including the elderly.
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Corradi D, Callegari S, Maestri R, Benussi S, Alfieri O. Structural remodeling in atrial fibrillation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 5:782-96. [DOI: 10.1038/ncpcardio1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/08/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Park SY, Lee JS, Ko YJ, Kim AR, Choi MK, Kwak MK, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JA. Inhibitory effect of simvastatin on the TNF-alpha- and angiotensin II-induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells is mediated through the suppression of geranylgeranyl isoprenoid-dependent ROS generation. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31:195-204. [PMID: 18365690 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-001-1141-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cell activation by cytokines and other pro-inflammatory mediators is an initial event in atherosclerosis and in other vascular diseases. Simvastatin, a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, suppressed both tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha- and angiotensin (Ang) II-induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells (an initial step in vascular inflammation) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Diphenyleneiodonium and apocynin, both NADPH oxidase inhibitors, also suppressed TNF-alpha-induced ROS and monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, demonstrating that TNF-alpha-induced monocyte adhesion is mediated through ROS produced by NADPH oxidase activation. Furthermore, exogenously applied mevalonate or geranylgeranylpyrophosphate in combination with simvastatin completely prevented the inhibitory effects of simvastatin on ROS generation and monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion by TNFalpha and Ang II. These results suggest that monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells induced by TNF-alpha or Ang II is mediated via the geranylgeranyl isoprenoid-dependent generation of ROS, and that this is inhibited by simvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Young Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
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Casaclang-Verzosa G, Gersh BJ, Tsang TSM. Structural and functional remodeling of the left atrium: clinical and therapeutic implications for atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51:1-11. [PMID: 18174029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Left atrial (LA) structural and functional remodeling reflects a spectrum of pathophysiological changes that have occurred in response to specific stressors. These changes include alterations at the levels of ionic channels, cellular energy balance, neurohormonal expression, inflammatory response, and physiologic adaptations. There is convincing evidence demonstrating an important pathophysiological association between LA remodeling and atrial fibrillation (AF). Measures that will prevent, attenuate, or halt these processes of LA remodeling may have a major public health impact with respect to the epidemic of AF. In this review, we describe the mechanisms involved in LA remodeling and highlight the existing and potential therapeutic options for its reversal, and implications for AF development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Casaclang-Verzosa
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55901, USA
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Dai Q, Xu M, Yao M, Sun B. Angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonists exert anti-inflammatory effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 152:1042-8. [PMID: 17922026 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although the main therapeutic effect of angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonists is to decrease blood pressure, they also exert anti-inflammatory effects in the cardiovascular system. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated the inhibitory effect of AT1 antagonists on the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and its receptor C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) in rat monocytes and aortas. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) were treated with the AT1 antagonists losartan or telmisartan for 4 weeks, and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) were used as normotensive controls. Systolic arterial pressure was measured, and the number of macrophages in the aortic vessel wall was assessed by anti-ED-1 antibody immunolabelling. KEY RESULTS Compared with WKYs, SHRs showed significantly increased ED-1 positive macrophages in the aortic wall, which were decreased after high doses of losartan or telmisartan. Low doses of losartan did not improve blood pressure significantly as did the high doses, but markedly decreased macrophage infiltration in the vessel wall. AT1 antagonists, particularly at high doses, improved aortic remodeling in SHR. At the molecular level, AT1 antagonists attenuated the expression of MCP-1 and CCR2 in the aorta and peripheral blood monocytes and lowered the serum level of MCP-1. In addition, Western blotting showed that AT1 antagonists inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt in mouse monocytes. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS AT1 antagonism inhibited vessel wall inflammation and inhibition of PI3K/Akt may be involved in the modulation of the MCP-1/CCR2 system by AT1 antagonists in SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Priviero FBM, Teixeira CE, Claudino MA, De Nucci G, Zanesco A, Antunes E. Vascular effects of long-term propranolol administration after chronic nitric oxide blockade. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 571:189-96. [PMID: 17610863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2006] [Revised: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Long-term propranolol treatment reduces arterial blood pressure in hypertensive individuals mainly by reducing peripheral vascular resistance, but mechanisms underlying their vasodilatory effect remain poorly investigated. This study aimed to investigate whether long-term propranolol administration ameliorates the impairment of relaxing responses of aorta and mesenteric artery from rats made hypertensive by chronic nitric oxide (NO) deficiency, and underlying mechanisms mediating this phenomenon. Male Wistar rats were treated with N(omega)-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 20 mg/rat/day) for four weeks. DL-Propranolol (30 mg/rat/day) was given concomitantly to L-NAME in the drinking water. Treatment with L-NAME markedly increased blood pressure, an effect largely attenuated by DL-propranolol. In phenylephrine-precontracted aortic rings, the reduction of relaxing responses for acetylcholine (0.001-10 microM) in L-NAME group was not modified by DL-propranolol, whereas in mesenteric rings the impairment of acetylcholine-induced relaxation by L-NAME was significantly attenuated by DL-propranolol. In mesenteric rings precontracted with KCl (80 mM), DL-propranolol failed to attenuate the impairment of acetylcholine-induced relaxation by L-NAME. The contractile responses to extracellular CaCl2 (1-10 mM) were increased in L-NAME group, and co-treatment with DL-propranolol reduced this response in both preparations in most Ca2+ concentrations used. The NO2/NO3 plasma levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were reduced in L-NAME-treated rats, both of which were significantly prevented by DL-propranolol. In conclusion, propranolol-induced amplification of the relaxation to acetylcholine in mesenteric arteries from L-NAME-treated rats is sensitive to depolarization. Additional mechanisms involving blockade of Ca2+ entry in the vascular smooth muscle and increase in NO bioavailability contributes to beneficial effects of long-term propranolol treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda B M Priviero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6111, 13084-971, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ko YJ, Lee JS, Park BC, Shin HM, Kim JA. Inhibitory effects of Zoagumhwan water extract and berberine on angiotensin II-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 expression and monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Vascul Pharmacol 2007; 47:189-96. [PMID: 17631057 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2007.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2007] [Revised: 06/08/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II), a potent vasoconstrictor, has been implicated in vascular inflammation through induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory genes. Among the chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 induced by Ang II acts as a central mediator of the inflammatory responses. In the present study, we found that the water extract of ZoaGumHwan (ZGH), a Korean herbal remedy, dose-dependently inhibited Ang II-induced U937 monocyte adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mRNA expression of MCP-1 in HUVECs and C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR-2) in U937 cells. In addition, ZGH water extract inhibited Ang II-induced generation of reactive oxygen species in HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. Berberine, a major component of Coptis chinensis Franch, also showed similar effects on ROS production and MCP-1 expression induced by Ang II. These results suggest that Korean herbal remedy, ZGH, effectively protects against Ang II-induced endothelial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
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Vellaichamy E, Zhao D, Somanna N, Pandey KN. Genetic disruption of guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A upregulates ACE and AT1 receptor gene expression and signaling: role in cardiac hypertrophy. Physiol Genomics 2007; 31:193-202. [PMID: 17566078 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00079.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A (GC-A/NPRA) signaling antagonizes the physiological effects mediated by the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The objective of this study was to determine whether the targeted-disruption of Npr1 gene (coding for GC-A/NPRA) leads to the activation of cardiac RAS genes involved on the hypertrophic remodeling process. The Npr1 gene-knockout (Npr1(-/-)) mice showed 30-35 mmHg higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) and a 63% greater heart weight-to-body weight (HW/BW) ratio compared with wild-type (Npr1(+/+)) mice. The mRNA levels of both angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II type 1a receptor were increased by three- and fourfold, respectively, in Npr1(-/-) null mutant mice hearts compared with the wild-type Npr1(+/+) mice hearts. In parallel, the expression levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were increased by four- to fivefold, in Npr1(-/-) mice hearts compared with control animals. The NF-kappaB binding activity in nuclear extracts of Npr1(-/-) mice hearts was increased by fourfold compared with wild-type Npr1(+/+) mice hearts. Treatments with captopril or hydralazine equally attenuated SBP; however, only captopril significantly decreased the HW/BW ratio and suppressed cytokine gene expression in Npr1(-/-) mice hearts. The ventricular cGMP level was reduced by almost sixfold in Npr1(-/-) mice compared with wild-type control mice. The results of the present study indicate that disruption of NPRA/cGMP signaling leads to the augmented expression of cardiac RAS pathways that promote the development of cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elangovan Vellaichamy
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Abstract
Olmesartan medoxomil is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. In pooled analyses of seven randomized, double-blind trials, 8 weeks’ treatment with olmesartan medoxomil was significantly more effective than placebo in terms of the response rate, proportion of patients achieving target blood pressure (BP) and mean change from baseline in diastolic (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Olmesartan medoxomil had a fast onset of action, with significant between-group differences evident from 2 weeks onwards. The drug was well tolerated with a similar adverse event profile to placebo. In patients with type 2 diabetes, olmesartan medoxomil reduced renal vascular resistance, increased renal perfusion, and reduced oxidative stress. In several large, randomized, double-blind trials, olmesartan medoxomil 20 mg has been shown to be significantly more effective, in terms of primary endpoints, than recommended doses of losartan, valsartan, irbesartan, or candesartan cilexetil, and to provide better 24 h BP protection. Olmesartan medoxomil was at least as effective as amlodipine, felodipine and atenolol, and significantly more effective than captopril. The efficacy of olmesartan medoxomil in reducing cardiovascular risk beyond BP reduction is currently being investigated in trials involving patients at high risk due to atherosclerosis or type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans R Brunner
- Lausanne University, Lausanne and Medizinische Poliklik, Universitaetsspital, Basel, Switzerland.
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Iwata A, Miura SI, Imaizumi S, Kiya Y, Nishikawa H, Zhang B, Shimomura H, Kumagai K, Matsuo K, Shirai K, Saku K. Do valsartan and losartan have the same effects in the treatment of coronary artery disease? Circ J 2007; 71:32-8. [PMID: 17186975 DOI: 10.1253/circj.71.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) are available for clinical use, but because they do not all have the same effects, the present study investigated whether all benefits conferred by ARBs are class effects. METHODS AND RESULTS Study 1 was a case-control study of patients with coronary artery disease, which showed that a non-depressor dose of valsartan significantly decreased the rate of target lesion revascularization at 6 months after stenting compared with the control group without ARB treatment. In Study 2, 44 patients with acute myocardial infarction who randomly received an initial lower dose of either valsartan or losartan after stenting were evaluated. The late loss and decrease in %diameter stenosis in the valsartan group were significantly lower than those in the losartan group as assessed by quantitative coronary angiography after 6 months. In addition, the valsartan group showed a significantly lower expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and L-selectin. CONCLUSION A non-depressor dose of ARB may have beneficial effects on coronary restenosis that are associated with the regulation of adhesion molecules, and these effects might not be a class effect of ARBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Iwata
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
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50
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Matsusaka H, Kinugawa S, Ide T, Matsushima S, Shiomi T, Kubota T, Sunagawa K, Tsutsui H. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker attenuates exacerbated left ventricular remodeling and failure in diabetes-associated myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2007; 48:95-102. [PMID: 17031262 DOI: 10.1097/01.fjc.0000245405.41317.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus adversely affects the outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction (MI), due in part to the exacerbation of left ventricular (LV) remodeling. Although angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB) has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of heart failure, information about the potential benefits of ARB on advanced LV failure associated with diabetes is lacking. To induce diabetes, male mice were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin (200 mg/kg). At 2 weeks, anterior MI was created by ligating the left coronary artery. These animals received treatment with olmesartan (0.1 mg/kg/day; n = 50) or vehicle (n = 51) for 4 weeks. Diabetes worsened the survival and exaggerated echocardiographic LV dilatation and dysfunction in MI. Treatment of diabetic MI mice with olmesartan significantly improved the survival rate (42% versus 27%, P < 0.05) without affecting blood glucose, arterial blood pressure, or infarct size. It also attenuated LV dysfunction in diabetic MI. Likewise, olmesartan attenuated myocyte hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and the number of apoptotic cells in the noninfarcted LV from diabetic MI. Post-MI LV remodeling and failure in diabetes were ameliorated by ARB, providing further evidence that angiotensin II plays a pivotal role in the exacerbated heart failure after diabetic MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Matsusaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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