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Ho KJ, Chen TH, Yang CC, Chuang YC, Chuang HY. Interaction of Smoking and Lead Exposure among Carriers of Genetic Variants Associated with a Higher Level of Oxidative Stress Indicators. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168325. [PMID: 34444074 PMCID: PMC8393757 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Smoking and lead (Pb) exposure increased oxidative stress in human body, and people with some gene variants may be susceptible to Pb and smoking via oxidative stress. The aim of this study is to evaluate oxidative stress by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the relationship of lipid peroxidation markers in Pb workers with different gene polymorphisms (rs4673 and rs1050450) in both smokers and nonsmokers. Blood samples were collected from 267 Pb workers who received their annual health examination in the Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital. Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1) rs1050450 and cytochrome B-245 Alpha Chain (CYBA) rs4673 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were analyzed by specific primer-probes using Real-Time PCR methods. The interaction between blood Pb and smoking increased serum levels of TBARS and the ratio of oxidative low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL/LDL). Analysis of workers with rs1050450 SNPs showed higher blood Pb levels in the workers with CC genotype than those with CT genotype. Smokers had significantly higher blood Pb, alanine transaminase (ALT), TBARS, and OxLDL levels than nonsmokers. TBARS increased 0.009 nmol/mL when blood Pb increased one µg/dL in smokers compared to nonsmokers. The ratio of OxLDL/LDL increased 0.223 when blood Pb increased one µg/dL in smokers compared to nonsmokers. TBARS levels and the ratio of OxLDL/LDL were positively correlated and interacted between blood Pb and smoking after the adjustment of confounders, suggesting that smoking cessation is an important issue in the Pb-exposed working environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Jung Ho
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan;
| | - Tzu-Hua Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Cheng Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Chung Chuang
- Institute for Translation Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Yi Chuang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7312-1101
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GENETIC ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ARTERIAL STIFFNESS-RELATED GENE POLYMORPHISMS IN BRVO AND CRVO PATIENTS IN A TURKISH POPULATION. Retina 2016; 35:2043-51. [PMID: 25932559 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000000580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate possible associations between five different single-nucleotide polymorphisms, from genes associated with arterial stiffness and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), or central retinal vein occlusion. METHODS A total of 187 patients with retinal vein occlusion (133 with BRVO and 54 with central retinal vein occlusion), and 167 controls, were enrolled in this study. All subjects were screened for hypertension, diabetes, smoking status, body mass index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein. The genotyping of adiponectin +276 G/T, ACE I/D, AGTR1 A1166C, eNOS E298D, and p22phox -242 C/T polymorphisms was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The percentage of the adiponectin +275 T allele carriers was significantly higher in the BRVO patients (37%) than in the controls (23%, P < 0.001). Similarly, the percentage of AGTR1 1166 C allele carriers was significantly higher in the BRVO patients (38%) than in the controls (24%, P < 0.001). At the multiple logistic regression analysis, the adiponectin +275 T allele carrier and AGTR1 1166 C allele carrier status were found to be associated with an increased risk of BRVO (TT vs. GG and TG: odds ratio = 2.278, P = 0.002, 95% confidence interval: 1.370-3.789; CC vs. AA and AC: odds ratio = 1.804, P = 0.025, 95% confidence interval: 1.079-3.017). The genotype distributions or allelic frequencies of ACE I/D, eNOS E298D, and p22phox -242 C/T did not significantly differ between the patients with BRVO and the control subjects. There was no significant difference between the central retinal vein occlusion patients and controls for the genotype or the allele frequency distributions of all evaluated single-nucleotide polymorphisms. CONCLUSION Adiponectin +276 G/T and AGTR1 A1166C single-nucleotide polymorphism are likely to be risk factors for BRVO.
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Hu P, Huang MY, Hu XY, Xie XJ, Xiang MX, Liu XB, Wang JA. Meta-analysis of C242T polymorphism in CYBA genes: risk of acute coronary syndrome is lower in Asians but not in Caucasians. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016; 16:370-9. [PMID: 25990054 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1400241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A lot of studies have demonstrated that C242T polymorphism in CYBA genes may play an important role in the pathological process of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the results are not consistent. To further evaluate this debate, we performed a meta-analysis to determine the relationship between C242T polymorphism and ACS. METHODS AND RESULTS We screened PubMed/MEDLINE, EBSCIO, and EMBASE research reports until Mar. 2014 and extracted data from 10 studies involving 6102 ACS patients and 8669 controls. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity documented a significant decreased risk of ACS for C242T polymorphism in the Asian population under allelic comparison (odd ratio (OR) 0.73; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.64-0.83), dominant model (OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.62-0.82), and homozygote comparison (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.35-0.92). However, in the overall population and especially with Caucasians, no significant association was uncovered. Further meta-regression analysis revealed that the heterogeneity among studies was largely attributed to ethnicity. No publication bias was detected through a funnel plot and an Egger's linear regression test. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest that the C242T polymorphism might be a protective factor against developing ACS in the Asian population. Further researches will be needed to identify the confounding factors which modified the protective effect of T allele among Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po Hu
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Xu Q, Yuan F, Shen X, Wen H, Li W, Cheng B, Wu J. Polymorphisms of C242T and A640G in CYBA gene and the risk of coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84251. [PMID: 24392120 PMCID: PMC3879292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of mortality in many countries. Considerable studies have been carried out to investigate the relationship between the C242T and A640G polymorphisms of CYBA gene and CAD, but the results were still inconsistent. Hence we conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the association. Methods and Results A total of 21 eligible literatures were included in the meta-analysis. We observed a significant decreased risk of CAD for C242T polymorphism in Asian population under an allelic model (OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.67–0.84) and a dominant model (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.61–0.79), however, in overall population and other population no significant association was revealed. We also found A640G polymorphism may contribute to reducing CAD risk under an allelic model (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.75–0.93), dominant model (OR0.77; 95% CI 0.64–0.92) and recessive model (OR0.82; 95% CI 0.69–0.97). No publication bias was found. Conclusion Our meta-analysis confirmed a protective effect of C242Tpolymorphism on CAD in Asian population and indicated that A640G polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased risk of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumei Xu
- Department of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangfen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuemei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wen
- Department of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bei Cheng
- Department of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Schreiber R, Mill JG, Krieger JE, Pereira AC, Nadruz W. Association between glutathione S-transferase M1 polymorphism and urinary sodium excretion in a Brazilian population. Am J Hypertens 2013; 26:1024-9. [PMID: 23690164 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpt066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Null genotypes of glutathione S-transferase (GST) exhibit the absence of enzymatic activity and are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Recent reports have related both lower and higher urinary sodium excretion (USE) to higher cardiovascular risk. Here we investigate the impact of GSTM1 and GSTT1-null polymorphisms on USE in a Brazilian population. METHODS We cross-sectionally evaluated 1,308 subjects from the city of Vitoria, Brazil, based on clinical history, physical examination, anthropometry, analysis of laboratory parameters, measurement of USE, and GST polymorphisms genotyping. RESULTS The frequency of GST M1, T1, and double-deletion polymorphisms was 51%, 22%, and 11%, respectively. Individuals with the GSTM1-null genotype had lower USE than those with the non-null genotype (92.1±52.3 vs. 102.8 ± 6 0.7 mEq/12h; P < 0.001). Linear regression analysis adjusted for confounding factors revealed that the GSTM1-null genotype was independently associated with USE (P = 0.001). In addition, diastolic blood pressure and triglyceride levels were higher in GSTM1-null individuals than in non-null individuals in the highest tertile of USE. Finally, the presence of GSTT1-null or double-deleted genotypes did not influence USE or affect the interactions between USE and the variables studied. CONCLUSIONS Deletion of GSTM1 was associated with low USE and modulated the interaction between sodium intake and blood pressure in Brazilian subjects. These novel findings may provide a new unexplored link between sodium regulation and GST homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Schreiber
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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NADPH oxidase CYBA polymorphisms, oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2008; 114:173-82. [PMID: 18184111 DOI: 10.1042/cs20070130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiology of several major cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, stroke and diabetes. ROS (reactive oxygen species) affect multiple tissues either directly or through NO depletion. ROS induce cardiovascular dysfunction by modulating cell contraction/dilation, migration, growth/apoptosis and extracellular matrix protein turnover, which contribute to vascular and cardiac remodelling. Of the several sources of ROS within the cardiovascular system, a family of multisubunit NADPH oxidases appears to be a predominant contributor of superoxide anion. Recent findings suggest a significant role of the genetic background in NADPH oxidase regulation. Common genetic polymorphisms within the promoter and exonic sequences of CYBA, the gene that encodes the p22(phox) subunit of NADPH oxidase, have been characterized in the context of cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to present the current state of research into these polymorphisms in their relationship to cardiovascular diseases.
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Perianayagam MC, Liangos O, Kolyada AY, Wald R, MacKinnon RW, Li L, Rao M, Balakrishnan VS, Bonventre JV, Pereira BJ, Jaber BL. NADPH oxidase p22phox and catalase gene variants are associated with biomarkers of oxidative stress and adverse outcomes in acute renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 18:255-63. [PMID: 17151330 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2006070806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are important mediators of injury in acute renal failure (ARF). Although polymorphisms that affect key pro- and antioxidant enzymes might alter the susceptibility to oxidative stress-mediated injury, the use of genetic epidemiology for the study of oxidative stress-related genes has received little attention in ARF. The relationship of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding region (C to T substitution at position +242) of the pro-oxidant enzyme NADPH oxidase p22phox subunit gene and in the promoter region (C to T substitution at position -262) of the antioxidant enzyme catalase gene to adverse clinical outcomes was evaluated prospectively in a cohort of 200 hospitalized patients with established ARF of mixed cause and severity. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and analyzed with a restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR method. Genotype-phenotype associations were characterized by measuring circulating nitrotyrosine and catalase activity. Observed and expected genotype frequencies were not significantly different, and overall baseline characteristics were not significantly different according to the various genotype groups. A genotype-phenotype association was demonstrable between the NADPH oxidase p22phox genotypes and plasma nitrotyrosine level (P = 0.06), as well as between the catalase genotypes and whole-blood catalase activity (P < 0.001). Compared with the NADPH oxidase p22phox CC genotype group, the T-allele group had a higher cumulative probability of remaining hospitalized (P = 0.03). Compared with the NADPH oxidase p22phox CC genotype, the T-allele carrier state was associated with 2.1-fold higher odds for dialysis requirement or hospital death (P = 0.01). This association persisted with 2.0- to 2.2-fold higher odds for this composite outcome after adjustment for race; gender; age; and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (P = 0.03), the Multiple Organ Failure score (P = 0.01), or presence of sepsis (P = 0.02). The polymorphism in the gene that encodes the NADPH oxidase p22phox subunit at position +242 is associated with dialysis requirement or hospital death among patients with ARF. Larger studies are needed to confirm these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Perianayagam
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney and Dialysis Research Laboratory, Caritas St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA 02135, USA
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Doi K, Noiri E, Nakao A, Fujita T, Kobayashi S, Tokunaga K. Haplotype analysis of NAD(P)H oxidase p22 phox polymorphisms in end-stage renal disease. J Hum Genet 2005; 50:641-7. [PMID: 16215641 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-005-0310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2005] [Accepted: 08/25/2005] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
NAD(P)H oxidase is one of the most important sources of reactive oxygen species and has been demonstrated to be upregulated by angiotensin II in the kidney. Given the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on the progression of both diabetic and non-diabetic renal disease, we hypothesized that the polymorphisms of NAD(P)H oxidase are associated with development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We examined five polymorphisms in the CYBA gene encoding the p22 phox component of NAD(P)H oxidase, including 242C/T and 640A/G polymorphisms in 467 ESRD patients and 490 healthy individuals. The T allele of the 242C/T polymorphism showed a protective effect against ESRD only in the nondiabetic (non-DM) group (P = 0.0095), and haplotype estimation revealed that the frequency of 242C-640A was higher in the non-DM group (46.7%) than in the control group (39.7%). The CC-AA genotype was still significantly associated with ESRD without diabetes after adjusting for confounding factors (P = 0.035). In contrast, there was no difference between the DM group and the control group. In conclusion, we identified a risk haplotype for nondiabetic ESRD in the CYBA gene using haplotype analysis. Haplotype analysis proved useful for elucidating the genetic contribution of NAD(P)H oxidase p22 phox to ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent Doi
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Zalba G, San José G, Moreno MU, Fortuño A, Díez J. NADPH oxidase-mediated oxidative stress: genetic studies of the p22(phox) gene in hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2005; 7:1327-36. [PMID: 16115038 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2005.7.1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Increased vascular production of reactive oxygen species, especially superoxide anion, significantly contributes to the oxidative stress associated with hypertension. An enhanced superoxide production causes an increased inactivation of nitric oxide that diminishes nitric oxide bioavailability, thus contributing to endothelial dysfunction and hypertrophy of vascular cells. It has been shown that NADPH oxidases play a major role as the most important sources of superoxide anion in phagocytic and vascular cells. Several experimental observations have described an enhanced superoxide generation as a result of NADPH oxidase activation in hypertension. Although these enzymes respond to stimuli such as vasoactive factors, growth factors, and cytokines, recent data suggest a significant role of the genetic background in the modulation of the expression of its different components. Several polymorphisms have been identified in the promoter and in the coding region of CYBA, the gene that encodes the essential subunit of the NADPH oxidase p22phox, some of which seem to influence significantly the activity of these enzymes in the context of cardiovascular diseases. Among CYBA polymorphisms, genetic investigations have provided a novel marker, the -930(A/G) polymorphism, which determines the genetic susceptibility of hypertensive patients to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Zalba
- Area of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Jaber BL, Pereira BJG, Bonventre JV, Balakrishnan VS. Polymorphism of host response genes: Implications in the pathogenesis and treatment of acute renal failure. Kidney Int 2005; 67:14-33. [PMID: 15610224 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00051.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute inflammatory disorders are the result of an interaction between genetic and environmental factors, and are often characterized by an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory host immune responses. Over the past decade, polymorphisms of host response genes have been explored as genetic risk and prognostic markers in the course and severity of acute inflammatory disorders. Increasing evidence supports an important role for inflammatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure (ARF) following both ischemic and nephrotoxic injury. The use of genetic epidemiology may become a useful tool to identify patients with an altered susceptibility to developing hospital-acquired ARF, and stratify those who may benefit from preventive therapies that modulate host immune responses in a favorable way. This review summarizes the existing experimental and clinical studies supporting the role of inflammation in ARF and critically appraises studies that have examined polymorphism of immune response genes as potential determinants of susceptibility to and severity of acute inflammatory disorders. Conclusions are drawn on the application of genetic epidemiology to the field of ARF and the rationale for further research on the role of genetic markers in ARF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand L Jaber
- Division of Nephrology, Caritas St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02135, USA.
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Fricker R, Hesse C, Weiss J, Tayrouz Y, Hoffmann MM, Unnebrink K, Mansmann U, Haefeli WE. Endothelial venodilator response in carriers of genetic polymorphisms involved in NO synthesis and degradation. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2004; 58:169-77. [PMID: 15255799 PMCID: PMC1884579 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2004.02130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Polymorphisms of the NOSIII gene and of the CYBA gene have been associated with a number of pathological conditions such as arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, and myocardial infarction. Because endothelium-dependent vasodilation is impaired in these disorders, we hypothesized that polymorphisms of NOSIII or CYBA might modulate endothelial function of venous capacitance vessels already before cardiovascular disease becomes overt. METHODS Endothelium-dependent and -independent venodilation was assessed by measuring local vascular responses to bradykinin and sodium nitroprusside in the dorsal hand vein after preconstriction with phenylephrine in 72 healthy male Caucasians after careful exclusion of cardiovascular risk factors. Genotyping was performed for polymorphisms of the NOSIII gene (T-786C, G894T, (CA)(n)) and the CYBA gene (C242T). RESULTS Genotype distribution for each polymorphism followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In all studied single nucleotide polymorphisms no significant difference between the respective genotypes and the venodilator response to either sodium nitroprusside or bradykinin was observed, and the number of CA repeat copies was not related to the venodilator response to bradykinin. Mean venodilation induced by bradykinin 50 ng min(-1) (+/-SEM) for homozygote carriers of the single nucleotide polymorphisms was 48.9 +/- 8.5% venodilation (G894T; wild type: 49.8 +/- 6.9), 50.3 +/- 11.0% venodilation (T-786C; wild type: 42.6 +/- 5.2), and 30.4 +/- 9.1% venodilation (C242T; wild type: 49.2 +/- 6.0), respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the studied polymorphisms of NOSIII and CYBA do not significantly modulate endothelium-dependent venodilation in individuals without vascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Fricker
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Cross AR, Segal AW. The NADPH oxidase of professional phagocytes--prototype of the NOX electron transport chain systems. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2004; 1657:1-22. [PMID: 15238208 PMCID: PMC2636547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2004.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2003] [Revised: 03/16/2004] [Accepted: 03/16/2004] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The NADPH oxidase is an electron transport chain in "professional" phagocytic cells that transfers electrons from NADPH in the cytoplasm, across the wall of the phagocytic vacuole, to form superoxide. The electron transporting flavocytochrome b is activated by the integrated function of four cytoplasmic proteins. The antimicrobial function of this system involves pumping K+ into the vacuole through BKCa channels, the effect of which is to elevate the vacuolar pH and activate neutral proteases. A number of homologous systems have been discovered in plants and lower animals as well as in man. Their function remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Cross
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anthony W. Segal
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
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Hayaishi-Okano R, Yamasaki Y, Kajimoto Y, Sakamoto K, Ohtoshi K, Katakami N, Kawamori D, Miyatsuka T, Hatazaki M, Hazama Y, Hori M. Association of NAD(P)H oxidase p22 phox gene variation with advanced carotid atherosclerosis in Japanese type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26:458-63. [PMID: 12547880 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.26.2.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between the C242T polymorphism of the p22 phox gene, an essential component of NAD(P)H oxidase in the vasculature, with intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery and risk factors for atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS C242T polymorphism of the p22 phox gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism in 200 Japanese type 2 diabetic subjects and 215 nondiabetic subjects. We examined the association with this mutation and carotid atherosclerosis as well as the patients' clinical characteristics and the level of 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as an index of oxidative DNA damage. RESULTS The diabetic subjects with the TC+TT genotypes displayed a significantly lower average IMT (1.13 +/- 0.31 vs. 1.31 +/- 0.34 mm; P = 0.0099) and a not significantly lower serum 8-OHdG level than those with the CC genotype, despite no difference in the risk factors. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the risk factors for increased IMT in the diabetic subjects were systolic blood pressure (P = 0.0042) and p22 phox CC genotype (P = 0.0151). In nondiabetic subjects, the average IMT of the TC+TT group was not different from that of the CC group (0.85 +/- 0.14 vs. 0.94 +/- 0.30 mm, P = 0.417). Fasting plasma insulin concentration (41.4 +/- 15.6 vs. 64.2 +/- 59.4 pmol/l, P = 0.0098) and insulin resistance index of homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-R) (1.58 +/- 0.66 vs. 2.60 +/- 2.56, P = 0.0066) were significantly lower in the TC+TT group than in the CC group. CONCLUSIONS These results show that the C242T mutation in the p22 phox gene is associated with progression of asymptomatic atherosclerosis in the subjects with type 2 diabetes and is also associated with insulin resistance in nondiabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Hayaishi-Okano
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka Suita City, Japan
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Wang XL, Rainwater DL, VandeBerg JF, Mitchell BD, Mahaney MC. Genetic contributions to plasma total antioxidant activity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21:1190-5. [PMID: 11451750 DOI: 10.1161/hq0701.092146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays important roles in a wide spectrum of pathological processes, such as atherosclerosis. Although several environmental factors are documented to influence redox metabolism, relatively little is known about genetic effects. In the present study, we evaluated genetic contributions to variation in plasma total antioxidant status (TAS), a measure of peroxyl-scavenging capacity, in 1337 members of 40 Mexican American families. TAS levels were significantly lower in women than in men (1.675+/-0.004 versus 1.805+/-0.005 mmol/L, respectively; P<0.001), and there was a significant decline of TAS levels with age in men but not in women (P<0.01 for the interaction). Quantitative genetic analysis indicated the heritability of TAS levels to be 0.509+/-0.052; ie, approximately 51% of the residual variance (after covariate adjustment) in TAS levels was due to the additive effects of genes (P<0.001). We have further observed a significant gene-by-smoking interaction (P<0.05). Additive genetic effects account for 83% of the residual phenotypic variance in TAS levels among smokers, but they account for only 49% in nonsmokers. However, genes contributing to TAS variation are the same in smokers and nonsmokers. Our study for the first time demonstrates that TAS, an indicator of redox homeostasis, is under strong genetic control, especially among smokers. With appropriate tools, such as genome screening, it should be possible to localize genes that regulate redox homeostasis and, ultimately, identify the DNA sequence variants predisposing subjects to oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Wang
- Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX 78227-5301, USA.
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