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Blaustein MP, Hamlyn JM. Sensational site: the sodium pump ouabain-binding site and its ligands. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1120-C1177. [PMID: 38223926 PMCID: PMC11193536 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00273.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids (CTS), used by certain insects, toads, and rats for protection from predators, became, thanks to Withering's trailblazing 1785 monograph, the mainstay of heart failure (HF) therapy. In the 1950s and 1960s, we learned that the CTS receptor was part of the sodium pump (NKA) and that the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger was critical for the acute cardiotonic effect of digoxin- and ouabain-related CTS. This "settled" view was upended by seven revolutionary observations. First, subnanomolar ouabain sometimes stimulates NKA while higher concentrations are invariably inhibitory. Second, endogenous ouabain (EO) was discovered in the human circulation. Third, in the DIG clinical trial, digoxin only marginally improved outcomes in patients with HF. Fourth, cloning of NKA in 1985 revealed multiple NKA α and β subunit isoforms that, in the rodent, differ in their sensitivities to CTS. Fifth, the NKA is a cation pump and a hormone receptor/signal transducer. EO binding to NKA activates, in a ligand- and cell-specific manner, several protein kinase and Ca2+-dependent signaling cascades that have widespread physiological effects and can contribute to hypertension and HF pathogenesis. Sixth, all CTS are not equivalent, e.g., ouabain induces hypertension in rodents while digoxin is antihypertensinogenic ("biased signaling"). Seventh, most common rodent hypertension models require a highly ouabain-sensitive α2 NKA and the elevated blood pressure is alleviated by EO immunoneutralization. These numerous phenomena are enabled by NKA's intricate structure. We have just begun to understand the endocrine role of the endogenous ligands and the broad impact of the ouabain-binding site on physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mordecai P Blaustein
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - John M Hamlyn
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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2
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Olona A, Hateley C, Guerrero A, Ko JH, Johnson MR, Anand PK, Thomas D, Gil J, Behmoaras J. Cardiac glycosides cause cytotoxicity in human macrophages and ameliorate white adipose tissue homeostasis. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:1874-1886. [PMID: 33665823 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cardiac glycosides inhibit Na+ /K+ -ATPase and are used to treat heart failure and arrhythmias. They can induce inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in macrophages, suggesting cytotoxicity, which remains to be elucidated in human tissues. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH To determine the cell-type specificity of this cytotoxicity, we used human monocyte-derived macrophages and non-adherent peripheral blood cells from healthy donors, plus omental white adipose tissue, stromal vascular fraction-derived pre-adipocytes and adipocytes from obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. All these cells/tissues were treated with nanomolar concentrations of ouabain (50, 100, 500 nM) to investigate the level of cytotoxicity and the mechanisms leading to cell death. In white adipose tissue, we investigated ouabain-mediated cytotoxicity by measuring insulin sensitivity, adipose tissue function and extracellular matrix deposition ex vivo. KEY RESULTS Ouabain induced cell death through pyroptosis and apoptosis, and was more effective in monocyte-derived macrophages compared to non-adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations. This cytotoxicity is dependent on K+ flux, as ouabain causes intracellular depletion of K+ and accumulation of Na+ and Ca2+ . Consistently, the cell death caused by these ion imbalances can be rescued by addition of potassium chloride to human monocyte-derived macrophages. Remarkably, when white adipose tissue explants from obese patients are cultured with nanomolar concentrations of ouabain, this causes depletion of macrophages, down-regulation of type VI collagen levels and amelioration of insulin sensitivity ex vivo. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The use of nanomolar concentration of cardiac glycosides could be an attractive therapeutic treatment for metabolic syndrome, characterized by pathogenic infiltration and activation of macrophages. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on Inflammation, Repair and Ageing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.9/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Olona
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Hateley
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ana Guerrero
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jeong-Hun Ko
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Paras K Anand
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - David Thomas
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jesus Gil
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jacques Behmoaras
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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3
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Leite JA, Cavalcante-Silva LHA, Ribeiro MR, de Morais Lima G, Scavone C, Rodrigues-Mascarenhas S. Neuroinflammation and Neutrophils: Modulation by Ouabain. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:824907. [PMID: 35173621 PMCID: PMC8841582 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.824907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids are natural compounds that present many physiological and pharmacological functions. They bind Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) modifying cellular ion concentration and trigger cell signaling mechanisms without altering ion balance. These steroids are known to modulate some immune responses, including cytokine production, neutrophil migration, and inflammation (peripherally and in the nervous system). Inflammation can occur in response to homeostasis perturbations and is related to the development of many diseases, including immune-mediated diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. Considering the neutrophils role in the general neuroinflammatory response and that these cells can be modulated by cardiac steroids, this work aims to review the possible regulation of neutrophilic neuroinflammation by the cardiac steroid ouabain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Alves Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Martina Raissa Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geovanni de Morais Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Cristoforo Scavone,
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4
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Teixeira MP, Passos EF, Haddad NF, Andrade MN, Rumjanek VM, Miranda-Alves L, de Carvalho DP, de Paiva LS. In vitro antitumoral effects of the steroid ouabain on human thyroid papillary carcinoma cell lines. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1338-1348. [PMID: 33760381 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ouabain is a steroid described as a compound extracted from plants that is capable of binding to Na+ , K+ -ATPase, inhibiting ion transport and triggering cell signaling pathways. Due to its positive ionotropic effect, ouabain was used for more than 200 years for the treatment of cardiac dysfunctions. Numerous antitumor effects of ouabain have been described so far; however, its role on thyroid cancer is still poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of ouabain on the biology of human papillary thyroid cancer cells. For this, three human thyroid cell lines were used: NTHY-ori, a non-tumor lineage, BCPAP and TPC-1, both derived from papillary carcinomas. Cells were cultured in the presence or absence of ouabain. Subsequently, we evaluated its effects on the viability, cell death, cell cycle, and migratory ability of these cell lines. We also investigated the impact of ouabain in IL-6/IL-6R and epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers expression. Our results indicate that ouabain (10-7 M), decreased the number of NTHY-ori, TPC-1 and BCPAP viable cells and induced cell cycle arrest after in vitro culture, but did not appear to promote cell death. In TPC-1 cells ouabain also inhibited cell migration; increased IL-6/IL-6R expression and IL-6 secretion; and diminished vimentin and SNAIL-1 expression. Collectively, our results indicate that ouabain has an antitumoral role on human papillary thyroid carcinomas in vitro. Even though additional studies are necessary, our work contributes to the discussion of the possibility of new clinical trials of ouabain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pires Teixeira
- Laboratório de Imunorregulação, Departamento de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental-LEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliza Freitas Passos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natalia Ferreira Haddad
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Novaes Andrade
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental-LEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vivian Mary Rumjanek
- Laboratório de Imunologia Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental-LEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denise Pires de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Souza de Paiva
- Laboratório de Imunorregulação, Departamento de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
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5
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Souza E Souza KFC, Moraes BPT, Paixão ICNDP, Burth P, Silva AR, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF. Na +/K +-ATPase as a Target of Cardiac Glycosides for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:624704. [PMID: 33935717 PMCID: PMC8085498 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.624704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), identified for the first time in Wuhan, China, causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which moved from epidemic status to becoming a pandemic. Since its discovery in December 2019, there have been countless cases of mortality and morbidity due to this virus. Several compounds such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir-ritonavir, and remdesivir have been tested as potential therapies; however, no effective treatment is currently recommended by regulatory agencies. Some studies on respiratory non-enveloped viruses such as adenoviruses and rhinovirus and some respiratory enveloped viruses including human respiratory syncytial viruses, influenza A, parainfluenza, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 have shown the antiviral activity of cardiac glycosides, correlating their effect with Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) modulation. Cardiac glycosides are secondary metabolites used to treat patients with cardiac insufficiency because they are the most potent inotropic agents. The effects of cardiac glycosides on NKA are dependent on cell type, exposure time, and drug concentration. They may also cause blockage of Na+ and K+ ionic transport or trigger signaling pathways. The antiviral activity of cardiac glycosides is related to cell signaling activation through NKA inhibition. Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) seems to be an essential transcription factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection. NFκB inhibition by cardiac glycosides interferes directly with SARS-CoV-2 yield and inflammatory cytokine production. Interestingly, the antiviral effect of cardiac glycosides is associated with tyrosine kinase (Src) activation, and NFκB appears to be regulated by Src. Src is one of the main signaling targets of the NKA α-subunit, modulating other signaling factors that may also impair viral infection. These data suggest that Src-NFκB signaling modulated by NKA plays a crucial role in the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Herein, we discuss the antiviral effects of cardiac glycosides on different respiratory viruses, SARS-CoV-2 pathology, cell signaling pathways, and NKA as a possible molecular target for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kauê Francisco Corrêa Souza E Souza
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca Portugal Tavares Moraes
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Neurociências (PPGNEURO), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Izabel Christina Nunes de Palmer Paixão
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia (PPBI), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Neûrologia/Neurociências, Hospital Antônio Pedro Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Burth
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia (PPBI), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Adriana Ribeiro Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Neurociências (PPGNEURO), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Neurociências (PPGNEURO), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia (PPBI), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular (PPGBMC), Universidade Federal Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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6
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Kennedy DJ, Khalaf FK, Sheehy B, Weber ME, Agatisa-Boyle B, Conic J, Hauser K, Medert CM, Westfall K, Bucur P, Fedorova OV, Bagrov AY, Tang WHW. Telocinobufagin, a Novel Cardiotonic Steroid, Promotes Renal Fibrosis via Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase Profibrotic Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092566. [PMID: 30158457 PMCID: PMC6164831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids (CTS) are Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) ligands that are elevated in volume-expanded states and associated with cardiac and renal dysfunction in both clinical and experimental settings. We test the hypothesis that the CTS telocinobufagin (TCB) promotes renal dysfunction in a process involving signaling through the NKA α-1 in the following studies. First, we infuse TCB (4 weeks at 0.1 µg/g/day) or a vehicle into mice expressing wild-type (WT) NKA α-1, as well as mice with a genetic reduction (~40%) of NKA α-1 (NKA α-1+/−). Continuous TCB infusion results in increased proteinuria and cystatin C in WT mice which are significantly attenuated in NKA α-1+/− mice (all p < 0.05), despite similar increases in blood pressure. In a series of in vitro experiments, 24-h treatment of HK2 renal proximal tubular cells with TCB results in significant dose-dependent increases in both Collagens 1 and 3 mRNA (2-fold increases at 10 nM, 5-fold increases at 100 nM, p < 0.05). Similar effects are seen in primary human renal mesangial cells. TCB treatment (100 nM) of SYF fibroblasts reconstituted with cSrc results in a 1.5-fold increase in Collagens 1 and 3 mRNA (p < 0.05), as well as increases in both Transforming Growth factor beta (TGFb, 1.5 fold, p < 0.05) and Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF, 2 fold, p < 0.05), while these effects are absent in SYF cells without Src kinase. In a patient study of subjects with chronic kidney disease, TCB is elevated compared to healthy volunteers. These studies suggest that the pro-fibrotic effects of TCB in the kidney are mediated though the NKA-Src kinase signaling pathway and may have relevance to volume-overloaded conditions, such as chronic kidney disease where TCB is elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Fatimah K Khalaf
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Brendan Sheehy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Malory E Weber
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Brendan Agatisa-Boyle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Julijana Conic
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Kayla Hauser
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Charles M Medert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Kristen Westfall
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Philip Bucur
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Olga V Fedorova
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Alexei Y Bagrov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia.
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
- Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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7
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Trenti A, Boscaro C, Tedesco S, Cignarella A, Trevisi L, Bolego C. Effects of digitoxin on cell migration in ovarian cancer inflammatory microenvironment. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 154:414-423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Cavalcante-Silva LHA, Lima ÉDA, Carvalho DCM, de Sales-Neto JM, Alves AKDA, Galvão JGFM, da Silva JSDF, Rodrigues-Mascarenhas S. Much More than a Cardiotonic Steroid: Modulation of Inflammation by Ouabain. Front Physiol 2017; 8:895. [PMID: 29176951 PMCID: PMC5686084 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of ouabain as a cardiotonic steroid hormone present in higher mammals, research about it has progressed rapidly and several of its physiological and pharmacological effects have been described. Ouabain can behave as a stress hormone and adrenal cortex is its main source. Direct effects of ouabain are originated due to the binding to its receptor, the Na+/K+-ATPase, on target cells. This interaction can promote Na+ transport blockade or even activation of signaling transduction pathways (e.g., EGFR/Src-Ras-ERK pathway activation), independent of ion transport. Besides the well-known effect of ouabain on the cardiovascular system and blood pressure control, compelling evidence indicates that ouabain regulates a number of immune functions. Inflammation is a tightly coordinated immunological function that is also affected by ouabain. Indeed, this hormone can modulate many inflammatory events such as cell migration, vascular permeability, and cytokine production. Moreover, ouabain also interferes on neuroinflammation. However, it is not clear how ouabain controls these events. In this brief review, we summarize the updates of ouabain effect on several aspects of peripheral and central inflammation, bringing new insights into ouabain functions on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz H A Cavalcante-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Laboratório de Imunobiotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Éssia de Almeida Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Imunobiotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Deyse C M Carvalho
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Laboratório de Imunobiotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - José M de Sales-Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Laboratório de Imunobiotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Anne K de Abreu Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Imunobiotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - José G F M Galvão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Laboratório de Imunobiotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Juliane S de França da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Laboratório de Imunobiotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Sandra Rodrigues-Mascarenhas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Laboratório de Imunobiotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Imunobiotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Laboratório de Imunobiotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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9
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Alpha 2 Na +,K +-ATPase silencing induces loss of inflammatory response and ouabain protection in glial cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4894. [PMID: 28687727 PMCID: PMC5501845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ouabain (OUA) is a cardiac glycoside that binds to Na+,K+-ATPase (NKA), a conserved membrane protein that controls cell transmembrane ionic concentrations and requires ATP hydrolysis. At nM concentrations, OUA activates signaling pathways that are not related to its typical inhibitory effect on the NKA pump. Activation of these signaling pathways protects against some types of injury of the kidneys and central nervous system. There are 4 isoforms of the alpha subunit of NKA, which are differentially distributed across tissues and may have different physiological roles. Glial cells are important regulators of injury and inflammation in the brain and express the α1 and α2 NKA isoforms. This study investigated the role of α2 NKA in OUA modulation of the neuroinflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mouse primary glial cell cultures. LPS treatment increased lactate dehydrogenase release, while OUA did not decrease cell viability and blocked LPS-induced NF-κB activation. Silencing α2 NKA prevented ERK and NF-κB activation by LPS. α2 NKA also regulates TNF-α and IL-1β levels. The data reported here indicate a significant role of α2 NKA in regulating central LPS effects, with implications in the associated neuroinflammatory processes.
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10
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Lima DB, Valente RC, Capella MAM. Ouabain-induced alterations in ABCB1 of mesenteric lymph nodes and thymocytes of rats and mice. Oncol Lett 2017; 12:5275-5280. [PMID: 28105236 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ouabain is a glycoside with immunomodulating properties, and recent studies have suggested its use in adjuvant therapy for cancer treatment. Ouabain is known to modulate the immune system in vitro, and previous studies have revealed that ouabain can modulate the expression and activity of ABCB1, a protein associated with multidrug resistance present in immune system. Therefore, the present study investigated alterations in the expression and activity of ABCB1 in the thymi, peripheral blood monocytes and lymph nodes of Wistar rats and Swiss mice treated acutely or chronically with ouabain. A decrease of almost 45% in the monocyte count and an increase of 55% in the basophil count were observed. A significant decrease (75% reduction) in the amount of cells with ABCB1 activity was found in the thymocytes of ouabain-treated rats and mice. The possible implications of these results for cancer treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Boff Lima
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael Carmo Valente
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Marcia Alves Marques Capella
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21949-900, Brazil; Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21949-900, Brazil
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11
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Salles von-Held-Ventura J, Mázala-de-Oliveira T, Cândida da Rocha Oliveira A, Granja MG, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Giestal-de-Araujo E. The trophic effect of ouabain on retinal ganglion cells is mediated by IL-1β and TNF-α. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:378-384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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12
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Ezzat SM, El Gaafary M, El Sayed AM, Sabry OM, Ali ZY, Hafner S, Schmiech M, Jin L, Syrovets T, Simmet T. The Cardenolide Glycoside Acovenoside A Affords Protective Activity in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 358:262-70. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.232652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Involvement of Inflammatory Cytokines in Antiarrhythmic Effects of Clofibrate in Ouabain-Induced Arrhythmia in Isolated Rat Atria. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2016; 2016:9128018. [PMID: 26977143 PMCID: PMC4764719 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9128018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of clofibrate, the aim of the present experiment was to investigate the involvement of local and systemic inflammatory cytokines in possible antiarrhythmic effects of clofibrate in ouabain-induced arrhythmia in rats. Rats were orally treated with clofibrate (300 mg/kg), and ouabain (0.56 mg/kg) was administered to animals intraperitoneally. After induction of anesthesia, the atria were isolated and the onset of arrhythmia and asystole was recorded. The levels of inflammatory cytokines in atria were also measured. Clofibrate significantly postponed the onset of arrhythmia and asystole when compared to control group (P ≤ 0.05 and P ≤ 0.01, resp.). While ouabain significantly increased the atrial beating rate in control group (P ≤ 0.05), same treatment did not show similar effect in clofibrate-treated group (P > 0.05). Injection of ouabain significantly increased the atrial and systemic levels of all studied inflammatory cytokines (P ≤ 0.05). Pretreatment with clofibrate could attenuate the ouabain-induced elevation of IL-6 and TNF-α in atria (P ≤ 0.01 and P ≤ 0.05, resp.), as well as ouabain-induced increase in IL-6 in plasma (P ≤ 0.05). Based on our findings, clofibrate may possess antiarrhythmic properties through mitigating the local and systemic inflammatory factors including IL-6 and TNF-α.
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Orellana AM, Kinoshita PF, Leite JA, Kawamoto EM, Scavone C. Cardiotonic Steroids as Modulators of Neuroinflammation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:10. [PMID: 26909067 PMCID: PMC4754428 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids (CTS) are a class of specific ligands of the Na(+), K(+)- ATPase (NKA). NKA is a P-type ATPase that is ubiquitously expressed and although well known to be responsible for the maintenance of the cell electrochemical gradient through active transport, NKA can also act as a signal transducer in the presence of CTS. Inflammation, in addition to importantly driving organism defense and survival mechanisms, can also modulate NKA activity and memory formation, as well as being relevant to many chronic illnesses, neurodegenerative diseases, and mood disorders. The aim of the current review is to highlight the recent advances as to the role of CTS and NKA in inflammatory process, with a particular focus in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Orellana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Fernanda Kinoshita
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Alves Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa Mitiko Kawamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Cristoforo Scavone,
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Dan C, Jinjun B, Zi-Chun H, Lin M, Wei C, Xu Z, Ri Z, Shun C, Wen-Zhu S, Qing-Cai J, Wu Y. Modulation of TNF-α mRNA stability by human antigen R and miR181s in sepsis-induced immunoparalysis. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 7:140-57. [PMID: 25535255 PMCID: PMC4328645 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoparalysis is an important pathological mechanism in sepsis. However, an effective small molecule therapy is lacking. Here, we show that ouabain, a Na+,K+-ATPase ligand, can reverse immunoparalysis in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical samples. Notably, the effect of ouabain was critically dependent on TNF-α expression. However, ouabain had opposing effects on the stability of TNF-α mRNA: Ouabain triggered miR-181 transcription, which promoted TNF-α mRNA degradation and induced immunoparalysis, and ouabain triggered the nuclear export of human antigen R (HuR), which stabilized TNF-α mRNA and suppressed immuno-paralysis. Interestingly, because the miR-181 binding site is located within the HuR binding site in the 3′-untranslated region of TNF-α, in ouabain-treated cells, HuR competed with miR-181 for binding to TNF-α mRNA and recruited TNF-α mRNA to stress granules, thereby stabilizing TNF-α mRNA and reversing immunoparalysis. Ouabain also induced GM-CSF and interferon-γ expression in a HuR-dependent manner. Hence, the fine-tuning of TNF-α mRNA stability by HuR and miR181 plays a crucial role in immunoparalysis, and Na+,K+-ATPase ligands are promising agents for immunoparalysis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Dan
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of life Sciences Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bian Jinjun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Changhai Hospital Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zi-Chun
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of life Sciences Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ma Lin
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of life Sciences Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Wei
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of life Sciences Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhang Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Changhai Hospital Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Ri
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of life Sciences Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Shun
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of life Sciences Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sun Wen-Zhu
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of life Sciences Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiao Qing-Cai
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of life Sciences Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Wu
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of life Sciences Nanjing University, Nanjing, China The State Key Lab of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China Jiangsu Key Lab of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Ouabain Modulates Zymosan-Induced Peritonitis in Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:265798. [PMID: 26078492 PMCID: PMC4442290 DOI: 10.1155/2015/265798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ouabain, a potent inhibitor of the Na+, K+-ATPase, was identified as an endogenous substance. Recently, ouabain was shown to affect various immunological processes. We have previously demonstrated the ability of ouabain to modulate inflammation, but little is known about the mechanisms involved. Thus, the aim of the present work is to evaluate the immune modulatory role of ouabain on zymosan-induced peritonitis in mice. Our results show that ouabain decreased plasma exudation (33%). After induction of inflammation, OUA treatment led to a 46% reduction in the total number of cells, as a reflex of a decrease of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which does not appear to be due to cell death. Furthermore, OUA decreased TNF-α (57%) and IL-1β (58%) levels, without interfering with IL-6 and IL-10. Also, in vitro experiments show that ouabain did not affect endocytic capacity. Moreover, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) shows that zymosan treatment increased (85%) NF-κB binding activity and that ouabain reduced (30%) NF-κB binding activity induced by zymosan. Therefore, our data suggest that ouabain modulated acute inflammatory response, reducing the number of cells and cytokines levels in the peritoneal cavity, as well as NFκB activation, suggesting a new mode of action of this substance.
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Kinoshita PF, Yshii LM, Vasconcelos AR, Orellana AMM, Lima LDS, Davel APC, Rossoni LV, Kawamoto EM, Scavone C. Signaling function of Na,K-ATPase induced by ouabain against LPS as an inflammation model in hippocampus. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:218. [PMID: 25551197 PMCID: PMC4307894 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-014-0218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ouabain (OUA) is a newly recognized hormone that is synthesized in the adrenal cortex and hypothalamus. Low doses of OUA can activate a signaling pathway by interaction with Na,K-ATPase, which is protective against a number of insults. OUA has central and peripheral anti-inflammatory effects. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), via toll-like receptor 4 activation, is a widely used model to induce systemic inflammation. This study used a low OUA dose to evaluate its effects on inflammation induced by LPS injection in rats. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats received acute intraperitoneal (ip) OUA (1.8 μg/kg) or saline 20 minutes before LPS (200 μg/kg, ip) or saline injection. Some of the animals had their femoral artery catheterized in order to assess arterial blood pressure values before and after OUA administration. Na,K-ATPase activity, cytokine mRNA levels, apoptosis-related proteins, NF-κB activation brain-derived neurotrophic factor BDNF, corticosterone and TNF-α levels were measured. RESULTS OUA pretreatment decreased mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and IL-1β, which are activated by LPS in the hippocampus, but with no effect on serum measures of these factors. None of these OUA effects were linked to Na,K-ATPase activity. The involvement of the inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB in the OUA effect was indicated by its prevention of LPS-induced nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit, RELA (p65), as well as the decreased cytosol levels of the NF-κB inhibitor, IKB, in the hippocampus. OUA pretreatment reversed the LPS-induced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) activation and associated inflammation in the dentate gyrus. OUA also prevented LPS-induced increases in the hippocampal Bax/Bcl2 ratio suggesting an anti-apoptotic action in the brain. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a low dose of OUA has an important anti-inflammatory effect in the rat hippocampus. This effect was associated with decreased GFAP induction by LPS in the dentate gyrus, a brain area linked to adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fernanda Kinoshita
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lidia Mitiko Yshii
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Rodrigues Vasconcelos
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Marques Orellana
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Larissa de Sá Lima
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Couto Davel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Venturini Rossoni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Elisa Mitiko Kawamoto
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
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The influence of Ouabain on human dendritic cells maturation. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:494956. [PMID: 25609892 PMCID: PMC4291013 DOI: 10.1155/2014/494956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although known as a Na,K-ATPase inhibitor, several other cellular and systemic actions have been ascribed to the steroid Ouabain (Oua). Particularly in the immune system, our group showed that Ouabain acts on decreasing lymphocyte proliferation, synergizing with glucocorticoids in spontaneous thymocyte apoptosis, and also lessening CD14 expression and blocking CD16 upregulation on human monocytes. However, Ouabain effects on dendritic cells (DCs) were not explored so far. Considering the peculiar plasticity and the importance of DCs in immune responses, the aim of our study was to investigate DC maturation under Ouabain influence. To generate immature DCs, human monocytes were cultured with IL-4 and GM-CSF (5 days). To investigate Ouabain role on DC activation, DCs were stimulated with TNF-α for 48 h in the presence or absence of Ouabain. TNF-induced CD83 expression and IL-12 production were abolished in DCs incubated with 100 nM Ouabain, though DC functional capacity concerning lymphocyte activation remained unaltered. Nevertheless, TNF-α-induced antigen capture downregulation, another maturation marker, occurred even in the presence of Ouabain. Besides, Ouabain increased HLA-DR and CD86 expression, whereas CD80 expression was maintained. Collectively, our results suggest that DCs respond to Ouabain maturating into a distinct category, possibly contributing to the balance between immunity and tolerance.
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Seo HS. Appropriate candidates for statin use in heart failure. Korean J Intern Med 2014; 29:730-4. [PMID: 25378970 PMCID: PMC4219961 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2014.29.6.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Seog Seo
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Tonin PT, Valvassori SS, Lopes-Borges J, Mariot E, Varela RB, Teixeira AL, Quevedo J. Effects of ouabain on cytokine/chemokine levels in an animal model of mania. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 276:236-9. [PMID: 25288301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and severe psychiatric disorder and despite its importance, little is known about the precise pathophysiology of this disorder. Several studies have reported that inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of BD and that cytokines are altered in these patients. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of ouabain (a potent Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor) in rats resulted in manic-like effects and it has been widely used as an animal model of bipolar mania. In this study, we assessed the cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, CINC-1) in the brain structures (hippocampus, striatum, frontal cortex, amygdala), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rats submitted to an animal model of mania induced by ouabain. Our findings demonstrated that ouabain induced hyperlocomotion in rats. However, the only cytokine that showed alteration was IL-6, which was decreased in the striatum after ouabain administration. In conclusion, despite the ouabain administration in rats be a valid model to study the physiopathology of bipolar mania, it seems that this model was not able to mimic the changes in cytokines observed in bipolar patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula T Tonin
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde (UNASAU), Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Samira S Valvassori
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde (UNASAU), Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Lopes-Borges
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde (UNASAU), Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Edemilson Mariot
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde (UNASAU), Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Roger B Varela
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde (UNASAU), Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Antônio Lucio Teixeira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde (UNASAU), Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Center for Experimental Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Ouabain affects the expression of activation markers, cytokine production, and endocytosis of human monocytes. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:760368. [PMID: 24904197 PMCID: PMC4034513 DOI: 10.1155/2014/760368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ouabain is a steroid capable of binding to and inhibiting Na+,-K+-ATPase. Studies have demonstrated some actions of ouabain on immune cells, which indicated both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of this molecule. Nevertheless, its effects on human monocytes are still poorly understood. Thus, the present work investigated effects of ouabain in the activation and function of human adherent monocytes. Our results show that there is an increase in intracellular calcium levels already 5 minutes following monocyte treatment with 10−7 M of ouabain. Furthermore, monocytes expressed increased amounts of surface activation markers such as CD69, HLA-DR, CD86, and CD80 and also presented an augmented endocytic activity of dextran-FITC particles after 24 hours of culture in the presence of ouabain. However, monocytes treated with ouabain did not have an increased stimulatory capacity in allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction. Ouabain-treated monocytes produced higher levels of IL-1β and TNF-α as reported before. A novel observation was the fact that ouabain induced IL-10 and VEGF as well. Collectively, these results suggest that ouabain impacts monocyte activation and modulates monocyte functions, implying that this steroid could act as an immunomodulator of these cells.
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Jeong JW, Lee HH, Han MH, Kim GY, Kim WJ, Choi YH. Anti-inflammatory effects of genistein via suppression of the toll-like receptor 4-mediated signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglia. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 212:30-9. [PMID: 24491678 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genistein, a principal soy isoflavone, has received considerable attention as a protein kinase inhibitor. Although some studies have demonstrated that genistein possesses anti-inflammatory effects, the molecular mechanisms of genistein-mediated anti-inflammatory potential are unclear in microglial cells. In this study, we determined whether genistein attenuates pro-inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia and attempted to establish the possible mechanisms. Our results indicated that genistein inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 at non-toxic concentrations by inhibiting inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. The increased release and expression of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, by LPS, were markedly reduced by genistein. Genistein also attenuated LPS-induced reactive oxygen species generation and LPS-mediated nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), associated with blocking degradation of the inhibitor of NF-κB-α. Furthermore, genistein potently suppressed binding of LPS to the microglial cell surface, indicating the antagonistic effect of genistein against toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), and inhibited LPS-induced TLR4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 expression. In addition, blocking TLR4 signaling using the specific TLR4 signaling inhibitor CLI-095 increased the anti-inflammatory potential of genistein in BV2 microglia. Our data indicate that genistein may attenuate the initiation of intracellular signaling cascades by LPS through inhibiting NF-κB activation by inhibiting the binding of LPS to TLR-4 on microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Jeong
- Center for Core Research Facilities, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Hyeon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea; Anti-Aging Research Center & Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea; Anti-Aging Research Center & Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea.
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Jacob PL, Leite JA, Alves AKA, Rodrigues YKS, Amorim FM, Néris PLN, Oliveira MR, Rodrigues-Mascarenhas S. Immunomodulatory activity of ouabain in Leishmania leishmania amazonensis-infected Swiss mice. Parasitol Res 2012; 112:1313-21. [PMID: 23052777 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ouabain is a cardiotonic steroid identified as an endogenous substance of human plasma, being produced by the adrenal, pituitary, and hypothalamus. Despite the studies demonstrating the ability of ouabain to modulate inflammation and other aspects of the immune response, the effects of this substance in Leishmaniasis is unknown. The purpose of this work was to understand the immunomodulatory activity of ouabain in experimental Leishmaniasis in Swiss mice. It was demonstrated that ouabain reduced total cell numbers in the peritoneal cavity as a reflex of the inhibition of neutrophil migration induced by Leishmania (L.) Amazonensis. Furthermore, ouabain reduced TNF-α and IFN-γ levels, without cytotoxicity against peritoneal macrophages. These data showed the anti-inflammatory role of ouabain in the early events of the immune response triggered by Leishmania (L.) Amazonensis infection in murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Jacob
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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Valente RC, Araujo EG, Rumjanek VM. Ouabain inhibits monocyte activation in vitro: prevention of the proinflammatory mCD14(+)/CD16(+) subset appearance and cell-size progression. J Exp Pharmacol 2012; 4:125-40. [PMID: 27186125 PMCID: PMC4863552 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s35507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Classically described as a potent inhibitor of the sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase enzyme, ouabain has been further shown to act as an effective immunomodulator in mammals. Recently, our group showed that this hormone downregulates membrane CD14 (mCD14) in human monocytes, though it is not known whether monocyte activation status could modify ouabain influence. Hence, we aimed to investigate ouabain effect during monocyte activation in vitro, analyzing mCD14, CD16 and CD69 expression in total monocytes after two periods of adhesion (2 hours and 24 hours) or in small and large monocyte subpopulations separately. Ouabain (100 nM) inhibited monocyte-size increase, characteristic of activation, only when added to cells immediately after 2 hours’ adhesion. Moreover, downregulation of both mCD14 and CD16 expression by ouabain was more effective in small monocytes and in cells after 2 hours’ adhesion. Since monocytes after 24 hours’ adhesion showed no lack of ouabain binding and no CD69 upregulation, it seems that ouabain is somehow incapable of triggering an appropriate cell-signaling induction once monocytes become activated. Furthermore, though p38 MAPK activation was crucial for the impairment in cell-size progression induced by ouabain, its inhibition did not alter ouabain-induced CD69 upregulation, suggesting that other molecules may participate in the response to this hormone by monocytes. Our data suggest that ouabain inhibits monocyte activation in vitro, preventing both cell-size increase and the appearance of the proinflammatory mCD14+/CD16+ subpopulation. Thus, the findings suggest that individuals suffering from disorders commonly associated with high ouabain plasma levels, like hypertension, may present defective monocyte activation under inflammation or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael C Valente
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth G Araujo
- Departamento de Neurobiologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vivian M Rumjanek
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Chatterjee N, Das S, Bose D, Banerjee S, Das S, Chattopadhyay D, Saha KD. Exploring the anti-inflammatory activity of a novel 2-phenylquinazoline analog with protection against inflammatory injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 264:182-91. [PMID: 22902631 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective immune response against harmful stimuli whose long time continuation results in host disease. Quinazolinones are nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds with wide spectrum of biological activities. The anticancer effect of a 3-(arylideneamino)-phenylquinazoline-4(3H)-one derivative was reported earlier. The anti-inflammatory effect of these quinazolinone derivatives has now been examined in endotoxin stimulated macrophages and in different in vivo models of inflammation by measuring the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), mediators NO and NF-κB (by ELISA and western blot), and translocation of the nuclear factor kB (by immunocytochemical analysis). To elucidate the in vivo effect, mice endotoxin model was and the various levels of edema, inflammatory pain and vascular permeability were studied. One of the quinazolinone derivatives showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in stimulated macrophage cells by inhibiting the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, COX-2, p-IκB and NF-κBp65. Significant (P<0.01) improvement was observed in the mortality of endotoxemic mice. The carrageenan and formalin-induced paw edema thicknesses were found to be reduced significantly (P<0.01) along with the reduction of pain, vascular permeability and edema induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (P<0.01). These findings indicate that 3-(arylideneamino)-phenylquinazoline-4(3H)-one derivative as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Chatterjee
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
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Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome manifested by signs and symptoms of low cardiac output, pulmonary, and/or systemic congestion. Immunologically, HF is defined as a state of immune activation and persistent inflammation, especially the circulatory levels of inflammatory cytokines have been found to increase. Traditional drugs used in HF have expressed immunomodulatory and/or anticytokine activities that may participate in their therapeutic efficacy in the disease. The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors like captopril and enalapril as well as the angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan indicated in HF exerted reducing effects on the inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 at experimental and clinical levels. Aldosterone antagonists like spironolactone when administered concomitantly with losartan can attenuate angiotensin II-enhanced cytokine production in HF. Carvedilol beta-adrenergic blockers showed a wider spectrum of anti-inflammatory/anticytokine activity that proved to be associated with improvement of cardiac function and ejection fraction in patients with HF. The poor prognosis in HF despite the long experience with its treatment necessitated thinking about new drugs to be added to the traditional ones. Methotrexate and statins are examples of these drugs, especially because they exert immunologic effects. A low dose of methotrexate has been considered as a hopeful adjunct therapy in chronic HF, but large long-term clinical trials are required. Statins showed conflicting results, although they might be useful early after acute ischemic events associated with left ventricular dysfunction or failure, especially in younger patients with less advanced HF.
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Kim CS, Kang JH, Cho HR, Blankenship TN, Erickson KL, Kawada T, Yu R. Potential involvement of CCL23 in atherosclerotic lesion formation/progression by the enhancement of chemotaxis, adhesion molecule expression, and MMP-2 release from monocytes. Inflamm Res 2011; 60:889-95. [PMID: 21656154 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-011-0350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CCL23 [Ckβ8-1/myeloid progenitor inhibitory factor 1 (MPIF1)/macrophage inflammatory protein-3 (MIP3)], a member of the CC chemokine family, is involved in leukocyte trafficking, and implicated in inflammatory diseases. In the present study, we investigated the role of CCL23 in the development of human atherosclerosis, which is characterized by an inflammatory disease. METHODS CCL23 transcripts were measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and CCL23 protein by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expression of adhesion molecules was determined by flow cytometry, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) levels by zymography. RESULTS Proatherogenic factors such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and oxidative stress markedly enhanced CCL23 release from human THP-1 macrophages. CCL23 stimulated chemotaxis of human THP-1 monocytes in a dose-dependent manner and enhanced the expression of adhesion molecule CD11c, as well as release of MMP-2 from the THP-1 monocytes. Moreover, CCL23 expression at the mRNA level was significantly higher in human atherosclerotic lesions than in normal arteries, and CCL23 protein was co-expressed with CD68, a specific marker for macrophages. Circulating levels of plasma CCL23 were higher in atherosclerotic patients than in normal subjects. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that CCL23 plays a role in the development of human atherosclerosis. CCL23 may be a useful target for the development of antiatherogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Sook Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 680-749, South Korea
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Eisenhut M, Leppäluoto J. Endogenous Na/K ATPase inhibitor ouabain in critically ill children with lung injury. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2011; 18:243-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of ouabain in mice. Mediators Inflamm 2011; 2011:912925. [PMID: 21772669 PMCID: PMC3136139 DOI: 10.1155/2011/912925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ouabain, an inhibitor of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump, was identified as an endogenous substance of human plasma. Ouabain has been studied for its ability to interfere with various regulatory mechanisms. Despite the studies portraying the ability of ouabain to modulate the immune response, little is known about the effect of this substance on the inflammatory process. The aim of this work was to study the effects triggered by ouabain on inflammation and nociceptive models. Ouabain produced a reduction in the mouse paw edema induced by carrageenan, compound 48/80 and zymosan. This anti-inflammatory potential might be related to the inhibition of prostaglandin E2, bradykinin, and mast-cell degranulation but not to histamine. Ouabain also modulated the inflammation induced by concanavalin A by inhibiting cell migration. Besides that, ouabain presented antinociceptive activity. Taken these data together, this work demonstrated, for the first time, that ouabain presented in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Wenceslau CF, Davel AP, Xavier FE, Rossoni LV. Long-term ouabain treatment impairs vascular function in resistance arteries. J Vasc Res 2011; 48:316-26. [PMID: 21273786 DOI: 10.1159/000322576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The purpose of this study was to examine the cardiovascular effects of long-term ouabain treatment at different time points. METHODS Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by tail-cuff method in male Wistar rats treated with ouabain (approx. 8.0 μg·day(-1)) or vehicle for 5, 10 and 20 weeks. Afterwards, vascular function was assessed in mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA) using a wire myograph. ROS production and COX-1 and COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 protein expression were investigated. RESULTS SBP was increased by ouabain treatment up to the 6th week and remained stable until the 20th week. However, noradrenaline-induced contraction increased only in MRA in rats treated with ouabain for 20 weeks. NOS inhibition and endothelium removal increased the noradrenaline response, but to a smaller magnitude in MRA in the ouabain group. Moreover, inhibition of COX-2 or incubation with superoxide dismutase restores noradrenaline-induced contraction in the 20-week ouabain group to control levels. ROS production as well as COX-2, IL-6 and TNF-α protein expression increased in MRA in this group. CONCLUSION Although ouabain treatment induced hypertension in all groups, a larger noradrenaline induced contraction was observed over 20 weeks of treatment. This vascular dysfunction was related to COX-2-derived prostanoids and oxidative stress, increased pro- inflammatory cytokines and reduced NO bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Ferreira Wenceslau
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Feng S, Chen W, Cao D, Bian J, Gong FY, Cheng W, Cheng S, Xu Q, Hua ZC, Yin W. Involvement of Na(+), K (+)-ATPase and its inhibitors in HuR-mediated cytokine mRNA stabilization in lung epithelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:109-24. [PMID: 20614158 PMCID: PMC11115110 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that Na(+), K(+)-ATPase plays an important role in pulmonary inflammation, but the mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, we used cardiotonic steroids as Na(+), K(+)-ATPase inhibitors to explore the possible involvement of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase in pulmonary epithelial inflammation. The results demonstrated that mice after ouabain inhalation developed cyclooxygenase-2-dependent acute lung inflammation. The in vitro experiments further confirmed that Na(+), K(+)-ATPase inhibitors significantly stimulated cyclooxygenase-2 expression in lung epithelial cells of human or murine origin, the process of which was participated by multiple cis-elements and trans-acting factors. Most importantly, we first described here that Na(+), K(+)-ATPase inhibitors could evoke a significant Hu antigen R nuclear export in lung epithelial cells, which stabilized cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA by binding with a proximal AU-rich element within its 3'-untranslated region. In conclusion, HuR-mediated mRNA stabilization opens new avenues in understanding the importance of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase, as well as its inhibitors in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Feng
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Wei Chen
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Dan Cao
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Jinjun Bian
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Changhai Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Fang-Yuan Gong
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Wei Cheng
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Shun Cheng
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Qiang Xu
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Zi-Chun Hua
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Wu Yin
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
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Kurt İH, Yavuzer K, Batur MK. Short-term effect of levosimendan on free light chain kappa and lambda levels in patients with decompensated chronic heart failure. Heart Vessels 2010; 25:392-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-009-1216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rodrigues-Mascarenhas S, Da Silva de Oliveira A, Amoedo ND, Affonso-Mitidieri OR, Rumjanek FD, Rumjanek VM. Modulation of the immune system by ouabain. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1153:153-63. [PMID: 19236338 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03969.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ouabain, a known inhibitor of the Na,K-ATPase, has been shown to regulate a number of lymphocyte functions in vitro and in vivo. Lymphocyte proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine production, and monocyte function are all affected by ouabain. The ouabain-binding site occurs at the alpha subunit of the enzyme. The alpha subunit plays a critical role in the transport process, and four different alpha-subunit isoforms have been described with different sensitivities to ouabain. Analysis by RT-PCR indicates that alpha1, alpha2, and alpha3 isoforms are all present in murine lymphoid cells obtained from thymus, lymph nodes, and spleen. In these cells ouabain exerts an effect at concentrations that do not induce plasma membrane depolarization, suggesting a mechanism independent of the classical inhibition of the pump. In other systems, the Na,K-ATPase acts as a signal transducer in addition to being an ion pump, and ouabain is capable of inducing the activation of various signal transduction cascades. Neither resting nor concanavalin A (Con A)-activated thymocytes had their levels of phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (P-ERK) modified by ouabain. However, ouabain decreased p38 phosphorylation induced by Con A in these cells. The pathway induced by ouabain in lymphoid cells is still unclear but might vary with the type and state of activation of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rodrigues-Mascarenhas
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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Grimm MJ, Zynda ER, Repasky EA. Temperature Matters: Cellular Targets of Hyperthermia in Cancer Biology and Immunology. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2976-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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von Haehling S, Lainscak M, Springer J, Anker SD. Cardiac cachexia: a systematic overview. Pharmacol Ther 2008; 121:227-52. [PMID: 19061914 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac cachexia as a terminal stage of chronic heart failure carries a poor prognosis. The definition of this clinical syndrome has been a matter of debate in recent years. This review describes the ongoing discussion about this issue and the complex pathophysiology of cardiac cachexia and chronic heart failure with particular focus on immunological, metabolic, and hormonal aspects at the intracellular and extracellular level. These include regulators such as neuropeptide Y, leptin, melanocortins, ghrelin, growth hormone, and insulin. The regulation of feeding is discussed as are nutritional aspects in the treatment of the disease. The mechanisms of wasting in different body compartments are described. Moreover, we discuss several therapeutic approaches. These include appetite stimulants like megestrol acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and cannabinoids. Other drug classes of interest comprise angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers, anabolic steroids, beta-adrenergic agonists, anti-inflammatory substances, statins, thalidomide, proteasome inhibitors, and pentoxifylline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan von Haehling
- Applied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology, Charité Medical School, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.
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El-Menyar AA. Cytokines and myocardial dysfunction: state of the art. J Card Fail 2008; 14:61-74. [PMID: 18226775 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2007.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Revised: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial dysfunction has been associated with inflammation and cytokine modulation. OBJECTIVES The study objective was to understand the role of cytokines in the pathophysiology and management of myocardial dysfunction. METHODS Heart failure has been revisited with revision of the pertinent published articles in the Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and EBSCO Host research. RESULTS For the proinflammatory cytokines, illumination of this important point requires further diagnostic and therapeutic investigations. Data on chronic heart failure are not so reassuring; therefore, patients with advanced heart failure should not be treated with anticytokines at this time. CONCLUSION Further studies are warranted to pave the way for introducing cytokine and immunomodulation therapy at the optimal and appropriate time.
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Schoner W, Scheiner-Bobis G. Endogenous and exogenous cardiac glycosides: their roles in hypertension, salt metabolism, and cell growth. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 293:C509-36. [PMID: 17494630 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00098.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids (CTS), long used to treat heart failure, are endogenously produced in mammals. Among them are the hydrophilic cardenolide ouabain and the more hydrophobic cardenolide digoxin, as well as the bufadienolides marinobufagenin and telecinobufagin. The physiological effects of endogenous ouabain on blood pressure and cardiac activity are consistent with the "Na(+)-lag" hypothesis. This hypothesis assumes that, in cardiac and arterial myocytes, a CTS-induced local increase of Na(+) concentration due to inhibition of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase leads to an increase of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) via a backward-running Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger. The increase in [Ca(2+)](i) then activates muscle contraction. The Na(+)-lag hypothesis may best explain short-term and inotropic actions of CTS. Yet all data on the CTS-induced alteration of gene expression are consistent with another hypothesis, based on the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase "signalosome," that describes the interaction of cardiac glycosides with the Na(+) pump as machinery activating various signaling pathways via intramembrane and cytosolic protein-protein interactions. These pathways, which may be activated simultaneously or selectively, elevate [Ca(2+)](i), activate Src and the ERK1/2 kinase pathways, and activate phosphoinositide 3-kinase and protein kinase B (Akt), NF-kappaB, and reactive oxygen species. A recent development indicates that new pharmaceuticals with antihypertensive and anticancer activities may be found among CTS and their derivatives: the antihypertensive rostafuroxin suppresses Na(+) resorption and the Src-epidermal growth factor receptor-ERK pathway in kidney tubule cells. It may be the parent compound of a new principle of antihypertensive therapy. Bufalin and oleandrin or the cardenolide analog UNBS-1450 block tumor cell proliferation and induce apoptosis at low concentrations in tumors with constitutive activation of NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Schoner
- Institut für Biochemie und Endokrinologie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Frankfurter Str 100, Giessen, Germany.
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Abstract
Viruses are the most common cause of myocarditis in economically advanced countries. Enteroviruses and adenoviruses are the most common etiologic agents. Viral myocarditis is a triphasic process. Phase 1 is the period of active viral replication in the myocardium during which the symptoms of myocardial damage range from none to cardiogenic shock. If the disease process continues, it enters phase 2, which is characterized by autoimmunity triggered by viral and myocardial proteins. Heart failure often appears for the first time in phase 2. Phase 3, dilated cardiomyopathy, is the end result in some patients. Diagnostic procedures and treatment should be tailored to the phase of disease. Viral myocarditis is a significant cause of dilated cardiomyopathy, as proved by the frequent presence of viral genomic material in the myocardium, and by improvement in ventricular function by immunomodulatory therapy. Myocarditis of any etiology usually presents with heart failure, but the second most common presentation is ventricular arrhythmia. As a result, myocarditis is one of the most common causes of sudden death in young people and others without preexisting structural heart disease. Myocarditis can be definitively diagnosed by endomyocardial biopsy. However, it is clear that existing criteria for the histologic diagnosis need to be refined, and that a variety of molecular markers in the myocardium and the circulation can be used to establish the diagnosis. Treatment of myocarditis has been generally disappointing. Accurate staging of the disease will undoubtedly improve treatment in the future. It is clear that immunosuppression and immunomodulation are effective in some patients, especially during phase 2, but may not be as useful in phases 1 and 3. Since myocarditis is often selflimited, bridging and recovery therapy with circulatory assistance may be effective. Prevention by immunization or receptor blocking strategies is under development. Giant cell myocarditis is an unusually fulminant form of the disease that progresses rapidly to heart failure or sudden death. Rapid onset of disease in young people, especially those with other autoimmune manifestations, accompanied by heart failure or ventricular arrhythmias, suggests giant cell myocarditis. Peripartum cardiomyopathy in economically developed countries is usually the result of myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T. Willerson
- The University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, Houston, ,Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX USA
| | - Hein J. J. Wellens
- Department of Cardiology, University of Maastricht, Masstricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jay N. Cohn
- Rasmussen Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - David R. Holmes
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN USA
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Sirmagul B, Kilic FS, Tunc O, Yildirim E, Erol K. Effects of verapamil and nifedipine on different parameters in lipopolysaccharide-induced septic shock. Heart Vessels 2006; 21:162-8. [PMID: 16715191 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-005-0874-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2005] [Accepted: 10/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Septic shock has a high mortality rate due to the hypotension and circulatory disorder that occurs during its pathogenesis. Recently, humoral factors such as cytokines and nitric oxide became important in the complex pathophysiology of septic shock because there is a close relationship between the determined levels of these humoral factors and the responses to the therapy and survival periods. Verapamil and nifedipine are calcium channel blockers commonly used in the pharmacotherapy of cardiovascular disorders. In the present study these drugs were investigated in the rat septic shock model. In vivo hemodynamic parameters were recorded using a data acquisition system in endotoxin-induced septic shock in rats. The animals were followed for 5 h and blood pressure, rectal temperature, and ECG were recorded. Blood samples were collected at 1 h and 5 h time points after the injection of endotoxin, and serological samples were stored at -25 degrees C. Subsequently, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-10 (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), and nitrite (Griess reagent) were determined in these serological samples. Significant correlations were observed between these humoral factors and the disordered hemodynamic factors. A reversal of changes was observed in the levels of serum cytokines, nitrite levels, and hemodynamic parameters with verapamil and nifedipine preadministration (P<0.05). Additionally, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in livers obtained from these animals at the end of the experiments, and these results were compared to hemodynamic parameters and cytokines. Nifedipine and verapamil increased the levels of MDA and SOD but did not change catalase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basar Sirmagul
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Osmangazi University, 26480 Meselik, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Pitzalis MV, Hamlyn JM, Messaggio E, Iacoviello M, Forleo C, Romito R, de Tommasi E, Rizzon P, Bianchi G, Manunta P. Independent and incremental prognostic value of endogenous ouabain in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur J Heart Fail 2005; 8:179-86. [PMID: 16188497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2005.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2004] [Revised: 05/03/2005] [Accepted: 07/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased circulating levels of endogenous ouabain (EO) have been observed in some heart failure patients, but their long term clinical significance is unknown. This study investigated the prognostic value of EO for worsening heart failure among 140 optimally treated patients (age 50+/-14 years; 104 male; NYHA class 1.9+/-0.7) with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Plasma EO was determined by RIA and by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, values were linearly correlated (r = 0.89) in regression analysis. During follow-up (13+/-5 months), heart failure progression was defined as worsening clinical condition leading to one or more of the following: sustained increase in conventional therapies, hospitalization, cardiac transplant, or death. NYHA functional class, age, LVEF, peak VO2 and plasma levels of EO were predictive for heart failure progression. Heart failure worsened 1.5 fold (HR: 1.005; 95% CI: 1.001-1.007; p<0.01) for each 100 pmol/L increase in plasma EO. Moreover, those patients with higher plasma EO values had an odds ratio of 5.417 (95% CI: 2.044-14.355; p<0.001) for heart failure progression. Following multivariate analysis, LVEF, NYHA class and plasma EO remained significantly linked with clinical events. This study provides the first evidence that circulating EO is a novel, independent and incremental marker that predicts the progression of heart failure.
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Parissis JT, Fountoulaki K, Paraskevaidis I, Kremastinos D. Depression in chronic heart failure: novel pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 14:567-77. [PMID: 15926864 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.14.5.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Depression is four to five times as common in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients as in the general population, may confer a higher risk of developing CHF in susceptible populations, and is significantly related to higher hospital readmission rates and increased mortality in established CHF. This effect may be mediated via the pathophysiological mechanisms that are shared between CHF and depression, including increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function, sympathoadrenal hyperactivity, diminished heart-rate variability and excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine activation. Each of these pathways of linkage represents a potential therapeutic target to improve outcome in CHF. This paper reviews the recent investigational observations that clarify the direct effects of antidepressants on immune functions, as well as the indirect effects of anticytokine pharmacological agents on depressive symptoms in CHF. With recent evidence suggesting that selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors improve survival after myocardial infarction in patients with depression, diagnosis and treatment of this comorbidity may beneficially affect the functional capacity and prognosis of CHF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Parissis
- Attikon University Hospital Heart Failure Clinic, Aftocratoros Irakliou 17, 15122, Maroussi, Athens, Greece.
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von Haehling S, Anker SD. Future prospects of anticytokine therapy in chronic heart failure. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 14:163-76. [PMID: 15806710 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.14.2.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that chronic heart failure is a state of chronic inflammation. Indeed, various pro-inflammatory markers, including the cytokines TNF-alpha, and interleukin 6 and 1, are activated in the course of the disease. In chronic heart failure, these substances are frequently induced even before the classical neurohormones angiotensin II and noradrenaline. Although the recently published anti-TNF-alpha trials with etanercept and infliximab have called the beneficial effects of targeting single cytokines into question, the overactive immune system remains a promising target for therapeutic interventions, which aim at slowing down disease progression. Broader approaches are required. These comprise targeting bacterial lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) that enters the circulation through the oedematous gut wall, immune modulation therapy with patient-derived whole blood exposed to oxidative stress, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (the so-called statins) and a number of other substances including pentoxifylline and thalidomide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan von Haehling
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Cardiology, NationalHeart & Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK.
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Abstract
Recently, inflammation has been shown to be an important aspect of cardiovascular diseases, and markers of inflammation predict risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Accumulating evidence shows that heart failure is an inflammatory disease, and anti-inflammatory therapy by various agents would be a promising future treatment for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Matsumori
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan.
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Feldman AM, Kadokami T, Higuichi Y, Ramani R, McTiernan CF. The role of anticytokine therapy in heart failure: recent lessons from preclinical and clinical trials? Med Clin North Am 2003; 87:419-40. [PMID: 12693732 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7125(02)00189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In summary, over a decade of investigation has demonstrated the pathophysiologic importance of TNF in the development and progression of cardiac dilatation and heart failure. Although the signaling pathways that regulate the cardiac production of TNF have not yet been identified and the potential benefits of TNF expression to the heart are not understood, the benefits of anticytokine therapy in animal models is marked. Unfortunately, these salutary effects in the laboratory have not transitioned to the bedside. To accomplish the translational portion of the cytokine story, we must identify the point in time during the transition from compensated to decompensated heart failure in which TNF is expressed. In addition, we must better understand the role that other down-stream and non-TNF-dependent cytokines play in the development of heart failure. Not all patients are the same; therefore, we must pursue clinical trials that will allow us to elucidate the optimal degree of TNF inhibition, identify the patients who are most likely to respond to TNF inhibition, and determine what the true, long-term effects of TNF inhibition may be. Finally, we must recognize that inflammatory activities can exist in tissues and organs in the absence of TNF. Thus, anticytokine strategies alone might not be effective in ameliorating the signs and symptoms of heart failure. It is hoped that the failure of recent studies to demonstrate salutary benefits in patients with class II to IV heart failure will not diminish enthusiasm for the long-term potential of anticytokine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur M Feldman
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Esplin MS, Fausett MB, Faux DS, Graves SW. Changes in the isoforms of the sodium pump in the placenta and myometrium of women in labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 188:759-64. [PMID: 12634653 DOI: 10.1067/mob.2003.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We determined whether changes in sodium pump isoform abundance accompanied active human labor. STUDY DESIGN Specimens of placenta, amniochorion, and myometrium were collected from women in active spontaneous labor and from those not in labor. The abundance of the three sodium pump alpha-isoforms was determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Levels of the alpha1 and alpha2 isoforms were comparable in the three tissues for women in labor and not in labor. However, alpha3 isoform abundance in placenta and myometrium (but not amniochorion) was significantly decreased in women in active labor compared with women not in labor (sodium pump alpha3 in placenta: no labor 91.2 +/- 27.6 vs labor 46.9 +/- 3.6 density units, P =.002. Sodium pump alpha3 in myometrium: no labor 52.3 +/- 7.7 vs labor 19.8 +/- 1.6 density units, P =.0002). CONCLUSION Because reductions in sodium pump number can result in hormone release from secretory tissues and in contraction of muscle, this suggests that the sodium pump may play a significant role in the initiation or maintenance of human labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sean Esplin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Health Sciences Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
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Parissis J, Filippatos G, Nikolaou V, Adamopoulos S. Cytokines and anti-cytokine therapeutic approaches to chronic heart failure. Eur J Intern Med 2002; 13:356. [PMID: 12225779 DOI: 10.1016/s0953-6205(02)00092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent investigations have shown that, in addition to neurohormonal system overactivation, another class of biologically active molecules, termed cytokines, is also overexpressed in the setting of chronic heart failure and participates actively in the progression of the syndrome. In this article, we present recent experimental and clinical data describing the pathophysiological role of cytokines in left ventricular remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, and peripheral myopathy characterizing the progression of chronic heart failure, as well as novel therapeutic approaches aimed at attenuating the deleterious effects of cytokines on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Parissis
- Cardiology Department, Amalia Fleming Hospital, Riga Ferreou 18-20, 15122, Maroussi, Athens, Greece
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Dülger H, Sekeroğlu MR, Eryonucu B, Noyan T, Alici S. The effect of high dose digoxin on cytokines in healthy dogs. Mediators Inflamm 2002; 11:261-3. [PMID: 12396478 PMCID: PMC1781670 DOI: 10.1080/096293502900000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta are pro-inflammatory cytokines, causing myocardial dysfunction and a negative inotropic effect. The drugs used to treat heart failure affect the production of cytokines. Digoxin, on which this study was focused, is one of the drugs for the treatment of heart failure. AIM The present study was designed to examine the early effects of high doses of digoxin on the production of cytokines in healthy dogs. METHODS Digoxin was given parenterally to dogs at 0.15 mg/kg. IL-1beta and TNF-alpha production and levels of digoxin in the serum were measured 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h following administration of digoxin. RESULTS As the levels of serum digoxin taken at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of administration were considered significantly high compared with preceding values (p < 0.001), no notable change in serum IL-1beta and TNF-alpha levels was observed. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that high doses of digoxin do not cause a significant cytokine production in heart muscle in the early phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haluk Dülger
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Yüzüncü Yil, Tip Fakültesi, Biyokimya Anabilim Dali, Maraş Caddesi, 65300 Van, Turkey
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Abstract
Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase as an energy transducing ion pump has been studied extensively since its discovery in 1957. Although early findings suggested a role for Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase in regulation of cell growth and expression of various genes, only in recent years the mechanisms through which this plasma membrane enzyme communicates with the nucleus have been studied. This research, carried out mostly on cardiac myocytes, shows that in addition to pumping ions, Na(+)/K+-ATPase interacts with neighboring membrane proteins and organized cytosolic cascades of signaling proteins to send messages to the intracellular organelles. The signaling pathways that are rapidly elicited by the interaction of ouabain with Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, and are independent of changes in intracellular Na(+) and K(+) concentrations, include activation of Src kinase, transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor by Src, activation of Ras and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases, and increased generation of reactive oxygen species by mitochondria. In cardiac myocytes, the resulting downstream events include the induction of some early response proto-oncogenes, activation of the transcription factors, activator protein-1 and nuclear factor kappa-B, regulation of a number of cardiac growth-related genes, and stimulation of protein synthesis and myocyte hypertrophy. For these downstream events, the induced reactive oxygen species and rise in intracellular Ca(2+) are essential second messengers. In cells other than cardiac myocytes, the proximal pathways linked to Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase through protein-protein interactions are similar to those reported in myocytes, but the downstream events and consequences may be significantly different. The likely extracellular physiological stimuli for the signal transducing function of Na+/K+-ATPase are the endogenous ouabain-like hormones, and changes in extracellular K+ concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, USA
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Sharma R, Anker SD. Immune and neurohormonal pathways in chronic heart failure. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE (GREENWICH, CONN.) 2002; 8:23-8, 48. [PMID: 11821625 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-5299.2002.00724.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is a complex disorder with interactions among the cardiovascular, immune, and neurohormonal systems. The concept that the progression of heart failure is due to neurohormonal abnormalities has received the greatest attention to date, leading to substantial therapeutic benefits. Although many current therapies are also thought to exert a variety of immunologic effects, this has been much less studied. In this review, the authors discuss a number of interactions among immune pathways and neurohormonal abnormalities relevant to heart failure. Cytokines, in particular tumor necrosis factor-alpha, have tremendous interactive opportunities within a regulatory network of energy metabolism, immune function, and neuroendocrine and hormonal function. Inflammatory cytokines are known to contribute to the progression of heart failure, and have been related to patients' prognosis. Advanced heart failure can be considered a state of chronic (low-grade) inflammation, and there are many reasons to suggest that anticytokine therapy could be successful in these patients. These novel approaches are certainly not without some risk, and many of them are very expensive, which may limit their application to certain subgroups of patients. In the future, it may not be enough to monitor cardiac function alone. Rather, the immune and neurohormonal status of patients may also need to be included in the performance of a complete assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sharma
- Clinical Cardiology, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
After 200 years of use, digitalis still appears to have a place in our armamentarium for heart failure and atrial fibrillation despite the proven survival benefits with ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers. Digoxin therapy is inexpensive and well tolerated and may result in considerable savings. Digoxin is the only oral inotrope that does not increase mortality in heart failure patients, particularly if low doses are being used. Digoxin therapy should be used in patients with systolic heart failure who continue to have signs and symptoms despite therapeutic doses of ACE inhibitors or diuretics or in patients with atrial fibrillation with or without heart failure for rate control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Eichhorn
- Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory and Department of Internal Medicine, Dallas Veterans Administration Hospital and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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