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Arvunescu AM, Ionescu RF, Cretoiu SM, Dumitrescu SI, Zaharia O, Nanea IT. Inflammation in Heart Failure-Future Perspectives. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7738. [PMID: 38137807 PMCID: PMC10743797 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is a terminal point of a vast majority of cardiac or extracardiac causes affecting around 1-2% of the global population and more than 10% of the people above the age of 65. Inflammation is persistently associated with chronic diseases, contributing in many cases to the progression of disease. Even in a low inflammatory state, past studies raised the question of whether inflammation is a constant condition, or if it is, rather, triggered in different amounts, according to the phenotype of heart failure. By evaluating the results of clinical studies which focused on proinflammatory cytokines, this review aims to identify the ones that are independent risk factors for heart failure decompensation or cardiovascular death. This review assessed the current evidence concerning the inflammatory activation cascade, but also future possible targets for inflammatory response modulation, which can further impact the course of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Mircea Arvunescu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, “Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele” Clinical Hospital, 061344 Bucharest, Romania; (O.Z.); (I.T.N.)
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050471 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ruxandra Florentina Ionescu
- Department of Cardiology I, Central Military Emergency Hospital “Dr Carol Davila”, 030167 Bucharest, Romania (S.I.D.)
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Sanda Maria Cretoiu
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Silviu Ionel Dumitrescu
- Department of Cardiology I, Central Military Emergency Hospital “Dr Carol Davila”, 030167 Bucharest, Romania (S.I.D.)
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 040441 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ondin Zaharia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, “Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele” Clinical Hospital, 061344 Bucharest, Romania; (O.Z.); (I.T.N.)
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050471 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioan Tiberiu Nanea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, “Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele” Clinical Hospital, 061344 Bucharest, Romania; (O.Z.); (I.T.N.)
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050471 Bucharest, Romania
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Xu HK, Liu JX, Zheng CX, Liu L, Ma C, Tian JY, Yuan Y, Cao Y, Xing SJ, Liu SY, Li Q, Zhao YJ, Kong L, Chen YJ, Sui BD. Region-specific sympatho-adrenergic regulation of specialized vasculature in bone homeostasis and regeneration. iScience 2023; 26:107455. [PMID: 37680481 PMCID: PMC10481296 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type H vessels couple angiogenesis with osteogenesis, while sympathetic cues regulate vascular and skeletal function. The crosstalk between sympathetic nerves and type H vessels in bone remains unclear. Here, we first identify close spatial connections between sympathetic nerves and type H vessels in bone, particularly in metaphysis. Sympathoexcitation, mimicked by isoproterenol (ISO) injection, reduces type H vessels and bone mass. Conversely, beta-2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) deficiency maintains type H vessels and bone mass in the physiological condition. In vitro experiments reveal indirect sympathetic modulation of angiogenesis via paracrine effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which alter the transcription of multiple angiogenic genes in endothelial cells (ECs). Furthermore, Notch signaling in ECs underlies sympathoexcitation-regulated type H vessel formation, impacting osteogenesis and bone mass. Finally, propranolol (PRO) inhibits beta-adrenergic activity and protects type H vessels and bone mass against estrogen deficiency. These findings unravel the specialized neurovascular coupling in bone homeostasis and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Kun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jie-Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Chen-Xi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jiong-Yi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
- Exercise Immunology Center, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Shu-Juan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Si-Ying Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of General Dentistry & Emergency, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Ya-Juan Zhao
- Department of General Dentistry & Emergency, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Liang Kong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yong-Jin Chen
- Department of General Dentistry & Emergency, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Bing-Dong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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3
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Weissman D, Maack C. Redox signaling in heart failure and therapeutic implications. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 171:345-364. [PMID: 34019933 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a growing health burden worldwide characterized by alterations in excitation-contraction coupling, cardiac energetic deficit and oxidative stress. While current treatments are mostly limited to antagonization of neuroendocrine activation, more recent data suggest that also targeting metabolism may provide substantial prognostic benefit. However, although in a broad spectrum of preclinical models, oxidative stress plays a causal role for the development and progression of heart failure, no treatment that targets reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly has entered the clinical arena yet. In the heart, ROS derive from various sources, such as NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidase, uncoupled nitric oxide synthase and mitochondria. While mitochondria are the primary source of ROS in the heart, communication between different ROS sources may be relevant for physiological signalling events as well as pathologically elevated ROS that deteriorate excitation-contraction coupling, induce hypertrophy and/or trigger cell death. Here, we review the sources of ROS in the heart, the modes of pathological activation of ROS formation as well as therapeutic approaches that may target ROS specifically in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Weissman
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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Jin G, Gao Z, Liu Y, Zhao J, Ou H, Xu F, Ding D. Polymeric Nitric Oxide Delivery Nanoplatforms for Treating Cancer, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Infection. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001550. [PMID: 33314793 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The shortened Abstract is as follows: Therapeutic gas nitric oxide (NO) has demonstrated the unique advances in biomedical applications due to its prominent role in regulating physiological/pathophysiological activities in terms of vasodilation, angiogenesis, chemosensitizing effect, and bactericidal effect. However, it is challenging to deliver NO, due to its short half-life (<5 s) and short diffusion distances (20-160 µm). To address these, various polymeric NO delivery nanoplatforms (PNODNPs) have been developed for cancer therapy, antimicrobial and cardiovascular therapeutics, because of the important advantages of polymeric delivery nanoplatforms in terms of controlled release of therapeutics and the extremely versatile nature. This reviews highlights the recent significant advances made in PNODNPs for NO storing and targeting delivery. The ideal and unique criteria that are required for PNODNPs for treating cancer, cardiovascular diseases and infection, respectively, are summarized. Hopefully, effective storage and targeted delivery of NO in a controlled manner using PNODNPs could pave the way for NO-sensitized synergistic therapy in clinical practice for treating the leading death-causing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorui Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education School of Life Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC) Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Zhiyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yangjing Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education School of Life Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC) Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Lab Degradable Biomedical Materials School of Chemical Engineering Northwest University 229 North Taibai North Road Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Hanlin Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education School of Life Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC) Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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Vong LB, Bui TQ, Tomita T, Sakamoto H, Hiramatsu Y, Nagasaki Y. Novel angiogenesis therapeutics by redox injectable hydrogel - Regulation of local nitric oxide generation for effective cardiovascular therapy. Biomaterials 2018; 167:143-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Wu D, Hu Q, Xiong Y, Zhu D, Mao Y, Zhu YZ. Novel H 2S-NO hybrid molecule (ZYZ-803) promoted synergistic effects against heart failure. Redox Biol 2017; 15:243-252. [PMID: 29288927 PMCID: PMC5975222 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies that increase hydrogen sulfide (H2S) or nitric oxide (NO) are cytoprotective in various models of cardiovascular injury. However, the nature of interaction between H2S and NO in heart failure and the underlying mechanisms for the protective effects remain undefined. The present study tested the cardioprotective effect of ZYZ-803, a novel synthetic H2S-NO hybrid molecule that decomposed to release H2S and NO. ZYZ-803 dose dependently improved left ventricular remodeling and preserved left ventricular function in the setting of isoprenaline-induced heart failure. The cardioprotective effect of ZYZ-803 is significantly more potent than that of H2S and/or NO donor alone. ZYZ-803 stimulated the expression of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) for H2S generation and the activity of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) for NO production. Blocking CSE and/or eNOS suppressed ZYZ-803-induced H2S and NO production and cardioprotection. ZYZ-803 increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration and cyclic guanosine 5′-monophosphate (cGMP) level. Moreover, ZYZ-803 upregulated the endogenous antioxidants, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). These findings indicate that H2S and NO cooperatively attenuates left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction during the development of heart failure through VEGF/cGMP pathway and ZYZ-803 provide expanding insight into strategies for treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Qingxun Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Ying Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deqiu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yicheng Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
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Kingery JR, Hamid T, Lewis RK, Ismahil MA, Bansal SS, Rokosh G, Townes TM, Ildstad ST, Jones SP, Prabhu SD. Leukocyte iNOS is required for inflammation and pathological remodeling in ischemic heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 112:19. [PMID: 28238121 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the failing heart, iNOS is expressed by both macrophages and cardiomyocytes. We hypothesized that inflammatory cell-localized iNOS exacerbates left ventricular (LV) remodeling. Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice underwent total body irradiation and reconstitution with bone marrow from iNOS-/- mice (iNOS-/-c) or WT mice (WTc). Chimeric mice underwent coronary ligation to induce large infarction and ischemic heart failure (HF), or sham surgery. After 28 days, as compared with WTc sham mice, WTc HF mice exhibited significant (p < 0.05) mortality, LV dysfunction, hypertrophy, fibrosis, oxidative/nitrative stress, inflammatory activation, and iNOS upregulation. These mice also exhibited a ~twofold increase in circulating Ly6Chi pro-inflammatory monocytes, and ~sevenfold higher cardiac M1 macrophages, which were primarily CCR2- cells. In contrast, as compared with WTc HF mice, iNOS-/-c HF mice exhibited significantly improved survival, LV function, hypertrophy, fibrosis, oxidative/nitrative stress, and inflammatory activation, without differences in overall cardiac iNOS expression. Moreover, iNOS-/-c HF mice exhibited lower circulating Ly6Chi monocytes, and augmented cardiac M2 macrophages, but with greater infiltrating monocyte-derived CCR2+ macrophages vs. WTc HF mice. Lastly, upon cell-to-cell contact with naïve cardiomyocytes, peritoneal macrophages from WT HF mice depressed contraction, and augmented cardiomyocyte oxygen free radicals and peroxynitrite. These effects were not observed upon contact with macrophages from iNOS-/- HF mice. We conclude that leukocyte iNOS is obligatory for local and systemic inflammatory activation and cardiac remodeling in ischemic HF. Activated macrophages in HF may directly induce cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunction and oxidant stress upon cell-to-cell contact; this juxtacrine response requires macrophage-localized iNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Kingery
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tariq Hamid
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham VAMC, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert K Lewis
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mohamed Ameen Ismahil
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham VAMC, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shyam S Bansal
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham VAMC, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gregg Rokosh
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham VAMC, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tim M Townes
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Suzanne T Ildstad
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Steven P Jones
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA. .,Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham VAMC, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Human Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Shows Cardiac Nos1 Translocation and its Increased Levels are Related to Left Ventricular Performance. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24060. [PMID: 27041589 PMCID: PMC4819187 DOI: 10.1038/srep24060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) as a major modulator of cardiac function has been extensively studied in experimental models; however, its role in human ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) has never been analysed. Thus, the objectives of this work are to study NOS1 and NOS-related counterparts involved in regulating physiological function of myocyte, to analyze NOS1 localisation, activity, dimerisation, and its relationship with systolic function in ICM. The study has been carried out on left ventricular tissue obtained from explanted human hearts. Here we demonstrate that the upregulation of cardiac NOS1 is not accompanied by an increase in NOS activity, due in part to the alterations found in molecules involved in the regulation of its activity. We observed partial translocation of NOS1 to the sarcolemma in ischemic hearts, and a direct relationship between its protein levels and systolic ventricular function. Our findings indicate that NOS1 may be significant in the pathophysiology of human ischemic heart disease with a preservative role in maintaining myocardial homeostasis.
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Zhou M, Bao Y, Li H, Pan Y, Shu L, Xia Z, Wu D, Lam K, Vanhoutte P, Xu A, Jia W, Hoo RC. Deficiency of adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein alleviates myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury and diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 129:547-559. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20150073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Clinical evidence shows that circulating levels of adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein (A-FABP) are elevated in patients with diabetes and closely associated with ischaemic heart disease. Patients with diabetes are more susceptible to myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. The experiments in the present study investigated the role of A-FABP in MI/R injury with or without diabetes. Non-diabetic and diabetic (streptozotocin-induced) A-FABP knockout and wild-type mice were subjected to MI/R or sham intervention. After MI/R, A-FABP knockout mice exhibited reductions in myocardial infarct size, apoptotic index, oxidative and nitrative stress, and inflammation. These reductions were accompanied by an improved left ventricular function compared with the relative controls under non-diabetic or diabetic conditions. After diabetes induction, A-FABP knockout mice exhibited a preserved cardiac function compared with that in wild-type mice. Endothelial cells, but not cardiomyocytes, were identified as the most likely source of cardiac A-FABP. Cardiac and circulating A-FABP levels were significantly increased in mice with diabetes or MI/R. Diabetes-induced superoxide anion production was significantly elevated in wild-type mice, but diminished in A-FABP knockout mice, and this elevation contributed to the exaggeration of MI/R-induced cardiac injury. Phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and production of nitric oxide (NO) were enhanced in both diabetic and non-diabetic A-FABP knockout mice after MI/R injury, but diminished in wild-type mice. The beneficial effects of A-FABP deficiency on MI/R injury were abolished by the NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Thus, A-FABP deficiency protects mice against MI/R-induced and/or diabetes-induced cardiac injury at least partially through activation of the eNOS/NO pathway and reduction in superoxide anion production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai, China
| | - Haobo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lingling Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Donghai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Karen S.L. Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Paul M. Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- *Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- *Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruby L.-C. Hoo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Murfitt L, Whiteley G, Iqbal MM, Kitmitto A. Targeting caveolin-3 for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 151:50-71. [PMID: 25779609 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a global health problem with more than 550 million people predicted to be diabetic by 2030. A major complication of diabetes is cardiovascular disease, which accounts for over two-thirds of mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients. This increased risk has led to the definition of a diabetic cardiomyopathy phenotype characterised by early left ventricular dysfunction with normal ejection fraction. Here we review the aetiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy and explore the involvement of the protein caveolin-3 (Cav3). Cav3 forms part of a complex mechanism regulating insulin signalling and glucose uptake, processes that are impaired in diabetes. Further, Cav3 is key for stabilisation and trafficking of cardiac ion channels to the plasma membrane and so contributes to the cardiac action potential shape and duration. In addition, Cav3 has direct and indirect interactions with proteins involved in excitation-contraction coupling and so has the potential to influence cardiac contractility. Significantly, both impaired contractility and rhythm disturbances are hallmarks of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We review here how changes to Cav3 expression levels and altered relationships with interacting partners may be contributory factors to several of the pathological features identified in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Finally, the review concludes by considering ways in which levels of Cav3 may be manipulated in order to develop novel therapeutic approaches for treating diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Murfitt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Gareth Whiteley
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Mohammad M Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Ashraf Kitmitto
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.
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Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene intron 4 variable number tandem repeat polymorphism in β-thalassemia major: relation to cardiovascular complications. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2015; 26:419-25. [PMID: 25699607 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), an enzyme that generates nitric oxide, is a major determinant of endothelial function. Several eNOS gene polymorphisms have been reported as 'susceptibility genes' in various human diseases states, including cardiovascular, pulmonary and renal diseases. We studied the 27-base pair tandem repeat polymorphism in intron 4 of eNOS gene in 60 β-thalassemia major (β-TM) patients compared with 60 healthy controls and assessed its role in subclinical atherosclerosis and vascular complications. Patients were evaluated stressing on transfusion history, splenectomy, thrombotic events, echocardiography and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). Analysis of eNOS intron 4 gene polymorphism was performed by PCR. No significant difference was found between β-TM patients and controls with regard to the distribution of eNOS4 alleles or genotypes. The frequency of eNOS4a allele (aa and ab genotypes) was significantly higher in β-TM patients with pulmonary hypertension or cardiomyopathy. Logistic regression analysis revealed that eNOS4a allele was an independent risk factor for pulmonary hypertension in β-TM patients [odds ratio (OR) 2.2, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.19-5.6; P < 0.001]. We suggest that eNOS intron 4 gene polymorphism is related to endothelial dysfunction and subclinical atherosclerosis and could be a possible genetic marker for prediction of increased susceptibility to cardiovascular complications.
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Hypertension in African Americans with heart failure: progression from hypertrophy to dilatation; perhaps not. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2014; 22:61-8. [PMID: 25411129 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-014-0070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Concentric hypertrophy is thought to transition to left ventricular (LV) dilatation and systolic failure in the presence of long standing hypertension (HTN). Whether or not this transition routinely occurs in humans is unknown. METHODS We consecutively enrolled African American patients hospitalized for acute decompensated volume overload heart failure (HF) in this retrospective study. All patients had a history of HTN and absence of obstructive coronary disease. Patients were divided into those with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and reduced LVEF. LV dimensions were measured according to standard ASE recommendations. LV mass was calculated using the ASE formula with Devereux correction. RESULTS Patients with normal LVEF HF were significantly older, female and had a longer duration of HTN with higher systolic blood pressure on admission. LV wall thickness was similarly elevated in both groups. LV mass was elevated in both groups however was significantly greater in the reduced LVEF HF group compared to the normal LVEF HF group. Furthermore, gender was an independent predictor for LV wall thickness in normal LVEF HF group. CONCLUSION In African American patients with HF our study questions the paradigm that concentric hypertrophy transitions to LV dilatation and systolic failure in the presence of HTN. Genetics and gender likely play a role in an individual's response to long standing hypertension.
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Simvastatin attenuates the oxidative stress, endothelial thrombogenicity and the inducibility of atrial fibrillation in a rat model of ischemic heart failure. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:14803-18. [PMID: 25153633 PMCID: PMC4159883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150814803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased atrial oxidative stress has an important role in inducing and maintaining atrial fibrillation (AF), and the activation of the small GTPase Rac1 contributes to the oxidative stress. We investigated the relationship of Rac1, atrial endothelial thromboprotective markers and AF inducibility and if simvastatin has a potential beneficial effect on a myocardial infarction (MI)-induced heart failure (HF) rat model. Rats were randomized into three groups (shams, MI group and simvastatin treatment group) and underwent echocardiography, AF induction studies and left atrial (LA) fibrosis analysis. Atrial Rac 1, sodium calcium exchanger (INCX), sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were measured. AF inducibility, AF duration and LA fibrosis were significantly higher in the MI group (p < 0.001 vs. sham), which were significantly reduced by simvastatin (p < 0.05 vs. MI). The reduced expressions of atrial eNOS, SERCA, thrombomodulin, tissue factor pathway inhibitor and tissue plasminogen activator in the MI group were significantly improved by simvastatin. Furthermore, the increased expression of atrial iNOS, INCX and Rac1 activity were significantly decreased by the simvastatin. Oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and thrombogenicity are associated with the promotion of AF in a rat model of ischemic HF. These were associated with increased Rac1 activity, and simvastatin treatment prevents these changes.
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Simon JN, Duglan D, Casadei B, Carnicer R. Nitric oxide synthase regulation of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling in health and disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 73:80-91. [PMID: 24631761 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Significant advances in our understanding of the ability of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) to modulate cardiac function have provided key insights into the role NOS play in the regulation of excitation-contraction (EC) coupling in health and disease. Through both cGMP-dependent and cGMP-independent (e.g. S-nitrosylation) mechanisms, NOS have the ability to alter intracellular Ca(2+) handling and the myofilament response to Ca(2+), thereby impacting the systolic and diastolic performance of the myocardium. Findings from experiments using nitric oxide (NO) donors and NOS inhibition or gene deletion clearly implicate dysfunctional NOS as a critical contributor to many cardiovascular disease states. However, studies to date have only partially addressed NOS isoform-specific effects and, more importantly, how subcellular localization of NOS influences ion channels involved in myocardial EC coupling and excitability. In this review, we focus on the contribution of each NOS isoform to cardiac dysfunction and on the role of uncoupled NOS activity in common cardiac disease states, including heart failure, diabetic cardiomyopathy, ischemia/reperfusion injury and atrial fibrillation. We also review evidence that clearly indicates the importance of NO in cardioprotection. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Redox Signalling in the Cardiovascular System".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian N Simon
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Drew Duglan
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Barbara Casadei
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ricardo Carnicer
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Kim JE, Choi BK, Choi JY, Ryu T, Roh WS, Song SY. Role of calcium channels responsible for phenylephrine-induced contraction in rat aorta 3 days after acute myocardial infarction. Korean J Anesthesiol 2014; 66:143-52. [PMID: 24624273 PMCID: PMC3948442 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2014.66.2.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phenylephrine (PE) produces tonic contraction through involvement of various calcium channels such as store-operated calcium channels (SOCCs) and voltage-operated calcium channels (VOCCs). However, the relative contribution of each calcium channel to PE-induced contraction has not been investigated in isolated rat aorta of early acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods Endothelium-denuded rat aortic rings from rats 3 days after AMI or sham-operated (SHAM) rats were prepared in an organ chamber with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution for isometric tension recording. We assessed the PE dose-response relationships in 2.5 mM calcium medium for both groups. The same procedure was repeated using rings pretreated with the SOCC inhibitor 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, sarco/endoplasmic-reticulum calcium ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin (TG), diacyl glycerol lipase inhibitor RHC80267, and sodium-calcium exchanger inhibitor 3,4-dichlorobenzamil hydrochloride for 30 minutes before addition of calcium. When ongoing tonic contraction was sustained, dose-response curves to the VOCC inhibitor nifedipine were obtained to assess the relative contribution of each calcium channel under various conditions. Results The effect of SOCC induction with TG pretreatment on PE-induced contraction was significantly lower in the AMI group compared to the SHAM group. In addition, there were significant decreases in the sensitivity and efficacy of the VOCC inhibitor nifedipine on PE-induced contraction in the AMI group. Conclusions Results suggest that the change of vascular reactivity of PE in rat aorta 3 days after AMI is characterized by a decreased contribution of L-type VOCCs. The enhanced VOCC-independent calcium entry mechanisms after AMI can be mediated by enhanced capacitative calcium entry through the activation of SOCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byung-Ki Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chil-gok Catholic Hospital, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jun-Young Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Taeha Ryu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Woon Seok Roh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seok-Young Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
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17
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Caliman IF, Lamas AZ, Dalpiaz PLM, Medeiros ARS, Abreu GR, Gomes Figueiredo S, Nascimento Gusmão L, Uggere Andrade T, Souza Bissoli N. Endothelial relaxation mechanisms and oxidative stress are restored by atorvastatin therapy in ovariectomized rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80892. [PMID: 24278341 PMCID: PMC3836761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The studies on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in females with estrogen deficiency are not conclusive. Thus, non-estrogen therapies, such as atorvastatin (ATO), could be new strategies to substitute or complement HRT. This study evaluated the effects of ATO on mesenteric vascular bed (MVB) function from ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. Female rats were divided into control SHAM, OVX, and OVX treated with 17β-estradiol (EST) or ATO groups. The MVB reactivity was determined in organ chambers, vascular oxidative stress by dihydroethidine staining, and the expression of target proteins by western blot. The reduction in acetylcholine-induced relaxation in OVX rats was restored by ATO or EST treatment. The endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO) component was reduced in OVX rats, whereas the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) component or prostanoids were not altered in the MVBs. Endothelial dysfunction in OVX rats was associated with oxidative stress, an up-regulation of iNOS and NADPH oxidase expression and a down-regulation of eNOS expression. Treatment with ATO or EST improved the NO component of the relaxation and normalized oxidative stress and the expression of those signaling pathways enzymes. Thus, the protective effect of ATO on endothelial dysfunction caused by estrogen deficiency highlights a significant therapeutic benefit for statins independent of its effects on cholesterol, thus providing evidence that non-estrogen therapy could be used for cardiovascular benefit in an estrogen-deficient state, such as menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Facco Caliman
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Aline Zandonadi Lamas
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Glaucia Rodrigues Abreu
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Suely Gomes Figueiredo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Lara Nascimento Gusmão
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Tadeu Uggere Andrade
- Department of Pharmacy, University Center of Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Nazaré Souza Bissoli
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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18
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Tang WHW, Shrestha K, Wang Z, Troughton RW, Klein AL, Hazen SL. Diminished global arginine bioavailability as a metabolic defect in chronic systolic heart failure. J Card Fail 2013; 19:87-93. [PMID: 23384633 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic alterations in arginine bioavailability occur in heart failure (HF) patients with more advanced myocardial dysfunction and poorer clinical outcomes, and they improve with beta-blocker therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured fasting plasma levels of L-arginine and related biogenic amine metabolites in 138 stable symptomatic HF patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% and comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation. Long-term adverse clinical outcomes (death and cardiac transplantation) were followed for 5 years. Lower global arginine bioavailability ratio (GABR; ratio of L-arginine to L-ornithine + L-citrulline) was associated with higher plasma natriuretic peptide levels, more advanced left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, and more severe right ventricular systolic dysfunction (all P < .001). Patients taking beta-blockers had significantly higher GABR than those not taking beta-blockers (0.86 [interquartile range (IQR) 0.68-1.17] vs 0.61 [0.44-0.89]; P < .001). Subjects with higher GABR experienced fewer long-term adverse clinical events (hazard ratio 0.61 [95% confidence interval 0.43-0.84]; P = .002). In an independent beta-blocker naïve patient cohort, GABR increased following long-term (6 month) beta-blocker therapy (0.89 [IQR 0.52-1.07] to 0.97 [0.81-1.20]; P = .019). CONCLUSIONS In patients with chronic systolic heart failure, diminished global L-arginine bioavailability is associated with more advanced myocardial dysfunction and poorer long-term adverse clinical outcomes. GABR levels improved with beta-blocker therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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19
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Vicente D, Montó F, Oliver E, Buendía F, Rueda J, Agüero J, Almenar L, Barettino D, D'Ocon P. Myocardial and lymphocytic expression of eNOS and nNOS before and after heart transplantation: Relationship to clinical status. Life Sci 2013; 93:108-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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20
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Kim HS, No CW, Goo SH, Cha TJ. An Angiotensin receptor blocker prevents arrhythmogenic left atrial remodeling in a rat post myocardial infarction induced heart failure model. J Korean Med Sci 2013; 28:700-8. [PMID: 23678261 PMCID: PMC3653082 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.5.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the role of angiotensin II receptor blocker in atrial remodeling in rats with atrial fibrillation (AF) induced by a myocardial infarction (MI). MIs were induced by a ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Two days after, the rats in the losartan group were given losartan (10 mg/kg/day for 10 weeks). Ten weeks later, echocardiography and AF induction studies were conducted. Ejection fraction was significantly lower in the MI rats. Fibrosis analysis revealed much increased left atrial fibrosis in the MI group than sham (2.22 ± 0.66% vs 0.25 ± 0.08%, P = 0.001) and suppression in the losartan group (0.90 ± 0.27%, P 0.001) compared with the MI group. AF inducibility was higher in the MI group than sham (39.4 ± 43.0% vs 2.0 ± 6.3%, P = 0.005) and significantly lower in losartan group (12.0 ± 31.6%, P = 0.029) compared with the MI. The left atrial endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase levels were lower in the MI group and higher in the losartan group significantly. The atrial inducible NOS and sodium-calcium exchanger levels were higher in the MI and lower in the losartan group significantly. Losartan disrupts collagen fiber formation and prevents the alteration of the tissue eNOS and iNOS levels, which prevent subsequent AF induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Su Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Chi-Wan No
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Goo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Tae-Joon Cha
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Korea
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21
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Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene intron4 VNTR polymorphism in patients with chronic kidney disease. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2011; 22:487-92. [DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0b013e328346ef71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Soskić SS, Dobutović BD, Sudar EM, Obradović MM, Nikolić DM, Djordjevic JD, Radak DJ, Mikhailidis DP, Isenović ER. Regulation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) and its Potential Role in Insulin Resistance, Diabetes and Heart Failure. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2011; 5:153-63. [PMID: 21792376 PMCID: PMC3141344 DOI: 10.2174/1874192401105010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are the enzymes responsible for nitric oxide (NO) generation. NO is a reactive oxygen species as well as a reactive nitrogen species. It is a free radical which mediates several biological effects. It is clear that the generation and actions of NO under physiological and pathophysiological conditions are regulated and extend to almost every cell type and function within the circulation. In mammals 3 distinct isoforms of NOS have been identified: neuronal NOS (nNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS). The important isoform in the regulation of insulin resistance (IR) is iNOS. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating the iNOS pathway in normal and hyperglycemic conditions would help to explain some of vascular abnormalities observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous studies have reported increased myocardial iNOS activity and expression in heart failure (HF). This review considers the recent animal studies which focus on the understanding of regulation of iNOS activity/expression and the role of iNOS agonists as potential therapeutic agents in treatment of IR, T2DM and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja S Soskić
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute "Vinča", University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislava D Dobutović
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute "Vinča", University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Emina M Sudar
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute "Vinča", University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan M Obradović
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute "Vinča", University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana M Nikolić
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute "Vinča", University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena D Djordjevic
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, P.O.Box S2 Republic of Serbia
| | - Djordje J Radak
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade University School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Esma R Isenović
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute "Vinča", University of Belgrade, Serbia
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Heusch P, Aker S, Boengler K, Deindl E, van de Sand A, Klein K, Rassaf T, Konietzka I, Sewell A, Menazza S, Canton M, Heusch G, Di Lisa F, Schulz R. Increased inducible nitric oxide synthase and arginase II expression in heart failure: no net nitrite/nitrate production and protein S-nitrosylation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299:H446-53. [PMID: 20511413 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01034.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to address the balance of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) and arginase and their contribution to contractile dysfunction in heart failure (HF). Excessive NO formation is thought to contribute to contractile dysfunction; in macrophages, increased iNOS expression is associated with increased arginase expression, which competes with iNOS for arginine. With substrate limitation, iNOS may become uncoupled and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). In rabbits, HF was induced by left ventricular (LV) pacing (400 beats/min) for 3 wk. iNOS mRNA [quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR)] and protein expression (confocal microscopy) were detected, and arginase II expression was quantified with Western blot; serum arginine and myocardial nitrite and nitrate concentrations were determined by chemiluminescence, and protein S-nitrosylation with Western blot. Superoxide anions were quantified with dihydroethidine staining. HF rabbits had increased LV end-diastolic diameter [20.0 + or - 0.5 (SE) vs. 17.2 + or - 0.3 mm in sham] and decreased systolic fractional shortening (11.1 + or - 1.4 vs. 30.6 + or - 0.7% in sham; both P < 0.05). Myocardial iNOS mRNA and protein expression were increased, however, not associated with increased myocardial nitrite or nitrate concentrations or protein S-nitrosylation. The serum arginine concentration was decreased (124.3 + or - 5.6 vs. 155.4 + or - 12.0 micromol/l in sham; P < 0.05) at a time when cardiac arginase II expression was increased (0.06 + or - 0.01 vs. 0.02 + or - 0.01 arbitrary units in sham; P < 0.05). Inhibition of iNOS with 1400W attenuated superoxide anion formation and contractile dysfunction in failing hearts. Concomitant increases in iNOS and arginase expression result in unchanged NO species and protein S-nitrosylation; with substrate limitation, uncoupled iNOS produces superoxide anions and contributes to contractile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, Univ. of Essen Medical School, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
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Dias FAL, Urboniene D, Yuzhakova MA, Biesiadecki BJ, Pena JR, Goldspink PH, Geenen DL, Wolska BM. Ablation of iNOS delays cardiac contractile dysfunction in chronic hypertension. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2010; 2:312-24. [PMID: 20036880 DOI: 10.2741/e92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the role of inducible NOS (iNOS) on cardiac function during the development of left ventricular hypertrophy. Hypertrophy was induced by pressure-overload via short-term (2.5 months) or long-term (6.5 months) aortic banding (AoB) in wild-type (WT) and iNOS knock out (iNOSKO) mice. Cardiac function was then assessed via echocardiography, in situ hemodynamics and papillary muscle force measurements. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blots were used to measure expression of hypertrophic gene markers and proteins respectively. Our data demonstrate that increased afterload via AoB leads to increased expression of iNOS that is associated with cardiac dysfunction. In pressure-overload induced hypertrophy, iNOSKO delays both the expression of hypertrophic markers and contractile dysfunction without causing significant changes in the level of hypertrophy. Moreover, after long-term AoB, iNOSKO animals exhibited increased basal cardiac function and an improved response to beta-adrenergic stimulation compared to long-term AoB WT animals. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that NO production via iNOS plays an important role in modulating cardiac function after moderate AoB that mimics long-term hypertension in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A L Dias
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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25
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Umar S, van der Laarse A. Nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase isoforms in the normal, hypertrophic, and failing heart. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 333:191-201. [PMID: 19618122 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) produced in the heart by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is a highly reactive signaling molecule and an important modulator of myocardial function. NOS catalyzes the conversion of L: -arginine to L: -citrulline and NO but under particular circumstances reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be formed instead of NO (uncoupling). In the heart, three NOS isoforms are present: neuronal NOS (nNOS, NOS1) and endothelial NOS (eNOS, NOS3) are constitutively present enzymes in distinct subcellular locations within cardiomyocytes, whereas inducible NOS (iNOS, NOS2) is absent in the healthy heart, but its expression is induced by pro-inflammatory mediators. In the tissue, NO has two main effects: (i) NO stimulates the activity of guanylate cyclase, leading to cGMP generation and activation of protein kinase G, and (ii) NO nitrosylates tyrosine and thiol-groups of cysteine in proteins. Upon nitrosylation, proteins may change their properties. Changes in (i) NOS expression and activity, (ii) subcellular compartmentation of NOS activity, and (iii) the occurrence of uncoupling may lead to multiple NO-induced effects, some of which being particularly evident during myocardial overload as occurs during aortic constriction and myocardial infarction. Many of these NO-induced effects are considered to be cardioprotective but particularly if NOS becomes uncoupled, formation of ROS in combination with a low NO bioavailability predisposes for cardiac damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soban Umar
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
β-blockers are among the most widely used drugs in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, although they are associated with increased peripheral resistance. Third-generation β-blockers avoid this adverse effect by inducing vasodilation through different mechanisms. In particular, nebivolol, a highly selective blocker of β1-adrenergic receptors, is the only β-blocker known to induce vascular production of nitric oxide, the main endothelial vasodilator. The specific mechanism of nebivolol is particularly relevant in hypertension, where nitric oxide dysfunction occurs. Indeed, nebivolol is able to reverse endothelial dysfunction. Nebivolol induces nitric oxide production via activation of β3-adrenergic receptors, which can explain the good metabolic profile observed after treatment with this drug. Moreover, nebivolol can also stimulate the β3-adrenergic receptor-mediated production of nitric oxide in the heart, and this stimulation can result in a greater protection against heart failure. In conclusion, nebivolol has a unique profile among antihypertensive drugs, adding to a very high selectivity against β1 adrenergic receptors, and an agonist action on β3 receptors and nitric oxide (NO), which has led to clinically significant improvements in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Maffei
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lembo
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy,
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Singh S, Gray T, Wurster RD. Nitric oxide and carbon monoxide synthesizing enzymes and soluble guanylyl cyclase within neurons of adult human cardiac ganglia. Auton Neurosci 2009; 145:93-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Davis J, Westfall MV, Townsend D, Blankinship M, Herron TJ, Guerrero-Serna G, Wang W, Devaney E, Metzger JM. Designing heart performance by gene transfer. Physiol Rev 2008; 88:1567-651. [PMID: 18923190 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The birth of molecular cardiology can be traced to the development and implementation of high-fidelity genetic approaches for manipulating the heart. Recombinant viral vector-based technology offers a highly effective approach to genetically engineer cardiac muscle in vitro and in vivo. This review highlights discoveries made in cardiac muscle physiology through the use of targeted viral-mediated genetic modification. Here the history of cardiac gene transfer technology and the strengths and limitations of viral and nonviral vectors for gene delivery are reviewed. A comprehensive account is given of the application of gene transfer technology for studying key cardiac muscle targets including Ca(2+) handling, the sarcomere, the cytoskeleton, and signaling molecules and their posttranslational modifications. The primary objective of this review is to provide a thorough analysis of gene transfer studies for understanding cardiac physiology in health and disease. By comparing results obtained from gene transfer with those obtained from transgenesis and biophysical and biochemical methodologies, this review provides a global view of cardiac structure-function with an eye towards future areas of research. The data presented here serve as a basis for discovery of new therapeutic targets for remediation of acquired and inherited cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Davis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Duncker DJ, de Beer VJ, Merkus D. Alterations in vasomotor control of coronary resistance vessels in remodelled myocardium of swine with a recent myocardial infarction. Med Biol Eng Comput 2008; 46:485-97. [PMID: 18320249 PMCID: PMC2329737 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-008-0315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the progressive deterioration of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI) towards overt heart failure remains incompletely understood, but may involve impairments in coronary blood flow regulation within remodelled myocardium leading to intermittent myocardial ischemia. Blood flow to the remodelled myocardium is hampered as the coronary vasculature does not grow commensurate with the increase in LV mass and because extravascular compression of the coronary vasculature is increased. In addition to these factors, an increase in coronary vasomotor tone, secondary to neurohumoral activation and endothelial dysfunction, could also contribute to the impaired myocardial oxygen supply. Consequently, we explored, in a series of studies, the alterations in regulation of coronary resistance vessel tone in remodelled myocardium of swine with a 2 to 3-week-old MI. These studies indicate that myocardial oxygen balance is perturbed in remodelled myocardium, thereby forcing the myocardium to increase its oxygen extraction. These perturbations do not appear to be the result of blunted β-adrenergic or endothelial NO-mediated coronary vasodilator influences, and are opposed by an increased vasodilator influence through opening of KATP channels. Unexpectedly, we observed that despite increased circulating levels of noradrenaline, angiotensin II and endothelin-1, α-adrenergic tone remained negligible, while the coronary vasoconstrictor influences of endogenous endothelin and angiotensin II were virtually abolished. We conclude that, early after MI, perturbations in myocardial oxygen balance are observed in remodelled myocardium. However, adaptive alterations in coronary resistance vessel control, consisting of increased vasodilator influences in conjunction with blunted vasoconstrictor influences, act to minimize the impairments of myocardial oxygen balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk J Duncker
- Experimental Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Cardiovascular Research Institute COEUR, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 50, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Schmidt A, Bilgasem S, Lorkowski S, Vischer P, Völker W, Breithardt G, Siegel G, Buddecke E. Exogenous nitric oxide regulates activity and synthesis of vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Eur J Clin Invest 2008; 38:476-85. [PMID: 18578689 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.01967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) - a major signalling molecule of the vascular system - is constitutively produced in endothelial cells (EC) by the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Since a reduced NO synthesis is an early sign of endothelial dysfunction and NO delivering drugs are used to substitute the impaired endothelial NO production, we addressed the effect of exogenous NO on eNOS in human umbilical venous endothelial cell cultures. MATERIALS AND METHODS The synthetic NO donor DETA/NO (trade name, but in the following we refer to detNO), that releases NO in a strictly first order reaction with a half life of 20 h, was used in our experiments. RESULTS Short-term (20-30 min) detNO treatment of EC increases the Ser(1177) phosphorylation of the constitutively expressed endothelial NOS and the production of endogenous NO generated by eNOS from [(3)H]arginine. The phosphorylation of eNOS is Akt-dependent and completely reverted by the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K) inhibitor LY294002. A prolonged continuous exposure of EC to detNO 150 micromol L(-1) over a period of 24-48 h causes a reversible cell cycle arrest at G(1)-phase associated with a larger cell volume and increased cell protein content (hypertrophic phenotype of EC). The eNOS protein and mRNA of the hypertrophic cells and the generation of endogenous NO are reduced but eNOS phosphorylation could still be elevated by stimulation with vascular endothelial growth factor. CONCLUSIONS Our data explain clinical studies describing a short-term but not a long-term benefit of NO treatment for patients with cardiovascular risk factors. The results could be a rational approach to develop a generation of NO donors accomplishing a retarded release from NO donors that mimic the low continuous pulsatile stress-induced release of endogenous NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schmidt
- Leibniz-Institute of Arteriosclerosis Research at University of Muenster, Germany.
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Crespo MJ, Zalacaín J, Dunbar DC, Cruz N, Arocho L. Cardiac Oxidative Stress Is Elevated at the Onset of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2008; 13:64-71. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248407307854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The association between nitric oxide synthase (eNOS and iNOS) status, oxidative stress, and cardiac function was evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats to understand the etiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiac function was determined by echocardiography. eNOS and iNOS status and superoxide production were assessed by immunohistochemistry and chemiluminescence, respectively. In STZ-diabetic rats, stroke volume, cardiac output, and left ventricular ejection fraction were significantly lower than in controls (CT, P < .05), whereas left ventricular end-systolic volume was higher. Cardiac NOS activity increased from 161 ± 18 cpm/mg tissue in CT rats to 286 ± 20 cpm/mg tissue ( P < .001) in STZ-diabetic rats. Furthermore, superoxide production and cardiac eNOS and iNOS levels were higher in STZ-diabetic rats than in CT rats ( P < .05). An increased activation of cardiac eNOS and iNOS is observed concomitantly with decreased cardiac function. Thus, increased oxidative stress in the heart may be implicated in the development of dilated cardiomyopathy in STZ-diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J. Crespo
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico, mcrespo @rcm.upr.edu, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Puerto Rico
| | | | - Donald C. Dunbar
- Anatomy School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Nildris Cruz
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico
| | - Lucy Arocho
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico
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Dover AR, Chia S, Ferguson JW, Cruden NL, Megson IL, Fox KAA, Newby DE. Inducible nitric oxide synthase activity does not contribute to the maintenance of peripheral vascular tone in patients with heart failure. Clin Sci (Lond) 2007; 111:275-80. [PMID: 16803456 DOI: 10.1042/cs20060104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) activity may contribute to vascular dysfunction in patients with heart failure. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether iNOS activity contributes to the maintenance of vascular tone in patients with symptomatic heart failure with the use of the highly selective iNOS inhibitor 1400W {N-[3-(aminomethyl)benzyl] acetamidine}. Bilateral forearm blood flow was measured using venous occlusion plethysmography in 12 patients with New York Heart Association class II-IV heart failure and eight matched healthy control subjects during intra-brachial infusion of 1400W (0.1-1 micromol/min), L-NMMA (N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine; a non-selective NOS inhibitor; 2-8 micromol/min) and noradrenaline (control vasoconstrictor; 60-480 pmol/min). In both patients and controls, intra-brachial infusion of L-NMMA and noradrenaline caused a dose-dependent reduction in infused forearm blood flow (P<0.05 for both): peak reduction of 32+/-6% and 37+/-4% during L-NMMA and 52+/-6% and 49+/-5% during noradrenaline respectively (P values were not significant when patients were compared with controls). In contrast, 1400W had no effect on blood flow at 1 micromol/min [-3+/-4% in patients (95% confidence intervals, -11 to 5%) and 3+/-8% in controls; P value was not significant]. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that intrabrachial selective iNOS inhibition does not influence forearm blood flow in patients with heart failure. We conclude that iNOS activity does not contribute to peripheral vascular tone in patients with symptomatic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Dover
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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Molnár A, Tóth A, Bagi Z, Papp Z, Édes I, Vaszily M, Galajda Z, Papp JG, Varró A, Szüts V, Lacza Z, Gerö D, Szabó C. Activation of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase pathway in human heart failure. Mol Med 2007; 12:143-52. [PMID: 17088946 PMCID: PMC1626594 DOI: 10.2119/2006-00043.molnar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic myocardial dysfunction and heart failure. The goal of the present study was to investigate PARP activation in human heart failure, and to correlate PARP activation with various indices of apoptosis and oxidative and nitrosative stress in healthy (donor) and failing (NYHA class III-IV) human heart tissue samples. Higher levels of oxidized protein end-products were found in failing hearts compared with donor heart samples. On the other hand, no differences in tyrosine nitration (a marker of peroxynitrite generation) were detected. Activation of PARP was demonstrated in the failing hearts by an increased abundance of poly-ADP ribosylated proteins. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that PARP activation was localized to the nucleus of the cardiomyocytes from the failing hearts. The expression of full-length PARP-1 was not significantly different in donor and failing hearts. The expression of caspase-9, in contrast, was significantly higher in the failing than in the donor hearts. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect the activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. We found no significant translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) into the nucleus. Overall, the current data provide evidence of oxidative stress and PARP activation in human heart failure. Interventional studies with antioxidants or PARP inhibitors are required to define the specific roles of these factors in the pathogenesis of human heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Miklós Vaszily
- Center of Cardiac Surgery, Institute of Cardiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Galajda
- Center of Cardiac Surgery, Institute of Cardiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Julius Gy. Papp
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Varró
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Viktória Szüts
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsombor Lacza
- Department of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Domokos Gerö
- CellScreen Applied Research Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szabó
- CellScreen Applied Research Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Csaba Szabo M.D., Ph.D., Department of Surgery University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Avenue, University Heights Newark, NJ 07103-2714, Tel: 973 972 5045, Fax: 973 972 6803,
or Attila Tóth Ph.D., Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, University of Debrecen, 22 Moricz Zs krt., Debrecen, Hungary, H4032, Tel/Fax: +36 52 414 928, E-mail:
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Casadei B. The emerging role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the regulation of myocardial function. Exp Physiol 2006; 91:943-55. [PMID: 16990366 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2006.035493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The recent discovery of a NOS1 gene product (i.e. a neuronal-like isoform of nitric oxide synthase or nNOS) in the mammalian left ventricular (LV) myocardium has provided a new key for the interpretation of the complex experimental evidence supporting a role for myocardial constitutive nitric oxide (NO) production in the regulation of basal and beta-badrenergic cardiac function. Importantly, nNOS gene deletion has been associated with more severe LV remodelling and functional deterioration in murine models of myocardial infarction, suggesting that nNOS-derived NO may also be involved in the myocardial response to injury. To date, the mechanisms by which nNOS influences myocardial pathophysiology remain incompletely understood. In particular, it seems over simplistic to assume that all aspects of the myocardial phenotype of nNOS knockout (nNOS(-/-)) mice are a direct consequence of lack of NO production from this source. Emerging data showing co-localisation of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) and nNOS in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of rodents, and increased XOR activity in the nNOS(-/-) myocardium, suggest that nNOS gene deletion may have wider implications on the myocardial redox state. Similarly, the mechanisms regulating the targeting of myocardial nNOS to different subcellular compartments and the functional consequences of intracellular nNOS trafficking have not been fully established. Whether this information could be translated into a better understanding and management of human heart failure remains the most important challenge for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Casadei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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Morawietz H, Rohrbach S, Rueckschloss U, Schellenberger E, Hakim K, Zerkowski HR, Kojda G, Darmer D, Holtz J. Increased cardiac endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in patients taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy. Eur J Clin Invest 2006; 36:705-12. [PMID: 16968466 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2006.01715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors has been demonstrated in large clinical trials, but knowledge of the underlying mechanisms remains incomplete. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of ACE inhibitor therapy on cardiac nitric oxide (NO) synthases in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) or heart failure. PATIENTS AND METHODS The mRNA expression was quantified by standard calibrated competitive RT-PCR, protein expression by Western blotting and NOS activity by monitoring the conversion of [3H]arginine to [3H]citrulline during enzymatic formation of NO in tissue homogenates of myocardium of patients with, or without, ACE inhibitor treatment before elective coronary artery bypass grafting or heart transplantation. RESULTS The mRNA expression (amol microg(-1) RNA) of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) was higher (22.5 +/- 4.8, n = 23) in the atrial myocardium of patients taking ACE inhibitor treatment, before elective coronary artery bypass grafting, compared with patients not taking this therapy (8.9 +/- 0.7, n = 33, P < 0.0001). The ACE inhibitor therapy increased eNOS protein expression from [(9 +/- 0.7) relative units (RUs) to (12 +/- 0.9) RUs, P < 0.05, respectively] and cardiac NOS activity from 17.6 +/- 1.3 to 23.7 +/- 1.1 pmol mg protein(-1) min(-1) (P < 0.001, respectively). Inducible and neuronal NO synthase expression was not changed by the ACE inhibition. A similar up-regulation of eNOS by ACE inhibition was found in the left ventricles of patients with heart failure. The augmented endothelial NOS expression and activity was not the result of differences in clinical characteristics and concomitant therapy between the patient groups. CONCLUSION Increased eNOS expression and activity might contribute to the beneficial effects of ACE inhibitor therapy in the treatment of CAD and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Morawietz
- Department of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.
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37
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38
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Danson EJF, Paterson DJ. Reactive Oxygen Species and Autonomic Regulation of Cardiac Excitability. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2006; 17 Suppl 1:S104-S112. [PMID: 16686664 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2006.00391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sympathetic hyper-activity and diminished parasympathetic activity are a consequence of many primary cardiovascular disease states and can trigger arrhythmias. Emerging evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) including nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite may contribute to cardiac sympathovagal imbalance in the brainstem, peripheral neurons, and in cardiomyocytes since all experience increased oxidative stress as a result of cardiac disease processes and aging. This article reviews the roles of ROS in autonomic dysfunction and arrhythmia. In addition, novel research directed toward finding targets for modulating sympathovagal balance in cardiac disease is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J F Danson
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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Zhu X, Zhao H, Graveline AR, Buys ES, Schmidt U, Bloch KD, Rosenzweig A, Chao W. MyD88 and NOS2 are essential for toll-like receptor 4-mediated survival effect in cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 291:H1900-9. [PMID: 16648192 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00112.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Innate immune system such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) represents the first line of defense against infection. In addition to its pivotal role in host immunity, recent studies have suggested that TLR4 may play a broader role in mediating tissue inflammation and cell survival in response to noninfectious injury. We and other investigators have reported that cardiac TLR4 signaling is dynamically modulated in ischemic myocardium and that activation of TLR4 confers a survival benefit in the heart and in isolated cardiomyocytes. However, the signaling pathways leading to these effects are not completely understood. Here, we investigate the role of MyD88, an adaptor protein of TLR4 signaling, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) in mediating TLR4-induced cardiomyocyte survival in an in vitro model of apoptosis. Serum deprivation induced a significant increase in the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes as demonstrated by transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, nuclear morphology, DNA laddering, and DNA-histone ELISA. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a TLR4 agonist, activated TLR4 signaling and led to significant reduction in apoptotic cardiomyocytes and improved cellular function of surviving cardiomyocytes with enhanced Ca(2+) transients and cell shortening. We found that both TLR4 and MyD88 are required for the LPS-induced beneficial effects as demonstrated by improved survival and function in wild-type but not in TLR4(-/-) or MyD88(-/-) cardiomyocytes. Moreover, genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of NOS2 abolished survival and functional rescue of cardiomyocytes treated with LPS. Taken together, these data suggest that TLR4 protects cardiomyocytes from stress-induced injury through MyD88- and NOS2-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsheng Zhu
- Dept. of Anesthesia & Critical Care, MGH, GRJ-4-462, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Elshamaa M, . ES, . YF, . EE, . EA. Plasma Nitric Oxide Level in Myocardial Disorders with Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2006. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2006.439.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Schulz R, Rassaf T, Massion PB, Kelm M, Balligand JL. Recent advances in the understanding of the role of nitric oxide in cardiovascular homeostasis. Pharmacol Ther 2005; 108:225-56. [PMID: 15949847 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2005] [Accepted: 04/15/2005] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are the enzymes responsible for nitric oxide (NO) generation. To date, 3 distinct NOS isoforms have been identified: neuronal NOS (NOS1), inducible NOS (NOS2), and endothelial NOS (NOS3). Biochemically, NOS consists of a flavin-containing reductase domain, a heme-containing oxygenase domain, and regulatory sites. NOS catalyse an overall 5-electron oxidation of one Nomega-atom of the guanidino group of L-arginine to form NO and L-citrulline. NO exerts a plethora of biological effects in the cardiovascular system. The basal formation of NO in mitochondria by a mitochondrial NOS seems to be one of the main regulators of cellular respiration, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and transmembrane proton gradient. This review focuses on recent advances in the understanding of the role of enzyme and enzyme-independent NO formation, regulation of NO bioactivity, new aspects of NO on cardiac function and morphology, and the clinical impact and perspectives of these recent advances in our knowledge on NO-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schulz
- Institut für Pathophysiologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin des Universitätsklinikums Essen, Germany.
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Starling RC. Inducible nitric oxide synthase in severe human heart failure: impact of mechanical unloading. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45:1425-7. [PMID: 15862413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Patten RD, Denofrio D, El-Zaru M, Kakkar R, Saunders J, Celestin F, Warner K, Rastegar H, Khabbaz KR, Udelson JE, Konstam MA, Karas RH. Ventricular Assist Device Therapy Normalizes Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression and Reduces Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis in the Failing Human Heart. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45:1419-24. [PMID: 15862412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2004] [Revised: 05/17/2004] [Accepted: 05/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the effect of mechanical unloading with ventricular assist device (VAD) therapy on myocardial inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in patients with end-stage heart failure (HF). BACKGROUND Despite advances in medical therapy, HF continues to be a progressive and ultimately fatal disorder. High levels of iNOS expression are present in the myocardium of failing hearts, suggesting a potential role for iNOS in HF progression. METHODS Inducible NOS protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting and cardiomyocyte apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) in myocardial samples from failing hearts. Included in these analyses were tissues from 9 patients at the time of transplantation (HF-transplant group), 10 patients at the time of VAD insertion (pre-VAD group), and 11 patients undergoing transplant after VAD support (post-VAD group). Seven control samples were obtained at autopsy. RESULTS Low or undetectable levels of iNOS were present in controls (0.005 +/- 0.002). The HF-transplant and pre-VAD myocardial specimens exhibited a marked increase in iNOS expression (1.48 +/- 0.34 and 1.29 +/- 0.26, respectively; p < 0.01 for both vs. controls). The increase in iNOS expression was reversed in the post-VAD group (0.36 +/- 0.16; p < 0.01 vs. HF-transplant and pre-VAD groups). The rate of TUNEL-positive cardiomyocytes was high in the pre-VAD group and significantly lower in the post-VAD group (0.64 +/- 0.15% in pre-VAD group and 0.16 +/- 0.07% in post-VAD group; p < 0.01). The iNOS levels correlated significantly with cardiomyocyte apoptosis (r = 0.66, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Therapy with VAD normalizes iNOS expression in association with diminished cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the failing heart. Further work is required to define whether a causal relationship exists between iNOS and cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Patten
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
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Ohtsuki M, Nomura T, Morimoto SI, Hiramitsu S, Uemura A, Kato S, Kato Y, Shiraishi H, Shimokubo J, Yamamoto N, Hishida H. Suppressed expression of GTP cyclohydrolase I mRNA and accelerated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA in endomyocardial biopsy specimens from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Clin Chim Acta 2005; 353:103-7. [PMID: 15698596 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2004.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2004] [Revised: 10/12/2004] [Accepted: 10/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor of nitric oxide synthase, and GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCHI) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of BH4. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was earlier demonstrated in the ventricles of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) although that of GCHI was not clarified. The present study was designed to determine the GCHI mRNA expression as well as to confirm iNOS mRNA expression in endomyocardial biopsy specimens from patients with DCM. METHODS Clinical details were assessed in 19 patients with DCM and in 9 control subjects. The real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on total RNA extracted from endomyocardial biopsy specimens. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA was quantified for use as an internal control. RESULTS iNOS/GAPDH for the DCM samples was 4.8-fold greater than that for the control ones (P<0.01), whereas the GCHI/GAPDH for the DCM samples was reduced to 31.1% of the control (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The increased expression of iNOS mRNA was confirmed in endomyocardial biopsy specimens from patients with DCM. The GCHI mRNA level was suppressed in these specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatsugu Ohtsuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
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Xiao CY, Chen M, Zsengellér Z, Li H, Kiss L, Kollai M, Szabó C. Poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase promotes cardiac remodeling, contractile failure, and translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor in a murine experimental model of aortic banding and heart failure. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 312:891-8. [PMID: 15523000 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.104.077164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidant stress-induced activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) plays a role in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. We have now investigated the role of PARP in the process of cardiac remodeling and heart failure in a mouse model of heart failure induced by transverse aortic constriction (banding). The catalytic activity of PARP was inhibited by the potent isoindolinone-based PARP inhibitor INO-1001 or by PARP-1 genetic deficiency. PARP inhibition prevented the pressure overload-induced decrease in cardiac contractile function, despite the pressure gradient between both carotid arteries being comparable in the two experimental groups. The development of hypertrophy, the formation of collagen in the hearts, and the mitochondrial-to-nuclear translocation of the cell death factor apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) were attenuated by PARP inhibition. The ability of the inhibitor to block the catalytic activity of PARP was confirmed by immunohistochemical detection of poly(ADP-ribose), the product of the enzyme in the heart. Plasma levels of INO-1001, as measured at the end of the experiments, were in the concentration range sufficient to block the oxidant-mediated activation of PARP in murine cardiac myocytes in vitro. Myocardial hypertrophy and AIF translocation was also reduced in PARP-1-deficient mice undergoing aortic banding, compared with their wild-type counterparts. Overall, the current results demonstrate the importance of poly(ADP-ribos)ylation in the pathogenesis of banding-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Xiao
- Inotek Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Suite 419E, 100 Cummings Center, Beverly, MA 01915, USA
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Nordhaug D, Steensrud T, Aghajani E, Korvald C, Myrmel T. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition impairs myocardial efficiency and ventriculo-arterial matching in acute ischemic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2004; 6:705-13. [PMID: 15542405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2003.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2003] [Revised: 10/07/2003] [Accepted: 11/25/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The effect of nitric oxide (NO) manipulation in acute heart failure has not been sufficiently investigated. Therefore, we assessed the impact of NO-synthase (NOS) inhibition on left ventricular (LV) function and energetics as well as overall hemodynamics, in a porcine model of acute ischemic LV failure. METHODS Acute heart failure was induced by left coronary artery microembolization in fourteen anesthetized pigs. LV pressure-volume relationships and mechanical work (PVA) were assessed 30 min after stable heart failure, using pressure-conductance catheters. Myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO(2)) was determined from coronary flow and coronary arteriovenous oxygen difference. Microembolization led to a significant decrease in cardiac output, arterial pressure and LV systolic and diastolic performance. Animals were then randomized to a control group (n=7) or to receive 15 mg/kg N(omega)-Nitro-L-arginine-metyl ester (n=7), an inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS). RESULTS Measurements 15 min later revealed that NOS inhibited animals had significantly reduced cardiac output (1.53+/-0.45 vs. 2.13+/-0.49 l/min, P=0.003) and stroke work (1054+/-461 vs. 1296+/-348 mmHg ml, P=0.03), and also displayed a significant increase in the slope of the MVO(2)-PVA relationship (2.57+/-0.53 vs. 1.92+/-0.15, P=0.008), i.e. an inefficient chemomechanical coupling. NOS inhibition did not alter contractility, diastolic function or arterial pressure, but afterload was significantly increased compared to controls (arterial elastance 6.03+/-1.48 vs. 2.74+/-0.34 mmHg/ml, P=0.009). CONCLUSION Inhibition of NOS in experimental acute heart failure increased afterload without altering left ventricular systolic and diastolic function. Consequently, cardiac output was reduced. Furthermore, mechanoenergetic efficiency was severely impaired. NOS inhibition in acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dag Nordhaug
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, P.O. Box 102, N-9038 Tromsø, Norway.
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Sears CE, Ashley EA, Casadei B. Nitric oxide control of cardiac function: is neuronal nitric oxide synthase a key component? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2004; 359:1021-44. [PMID: 15306414 PMCID: PMC1693378 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to regulate cardiac function, both in physiological conditions and in disease states. However, several aspects of NO signalling in the myocardium remain poorly understood. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the disparate functions ascribed to NO result from its generation by different isoforms of the NO synthase (NOS) enzyme, the varying subcellular localization and regulation of NOS isoforms and their effector proteins. Some apparently contrasting findings may have arisen from the use of non-isoform-specific inhibitors of NOS, and from the assumption that NO donors may be able to mimic the actions of endogenously produced NO. In recent years an at least partial explanation for some of the disagreements, although by no means all, may be found from studies that have focused on the role of the neuronal NOS (nNOS) isoform. These data have shown a key role for nNOS in the control of basal and adrenergically stimulated cardiac contractility and in the autonomic control of heart rate. Whether or not the role of nNOS carries implications for cardiovascular disease remains an intriguing possibility requiring future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Sears
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Vanderheyden M, Bartunek J, Knaapen M, Kockx M, De Bruyne B, Goethals M. Hemodynamic effects of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosine generation in heart failure. J Heart Lung Transplant 2004; 23:723-8. [PMID: 15366433 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2003.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The hemodynamic effects of cardiac inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and of iNOS-mediated peroxynitrite in patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction are unclear. The present study investigates the incidence and functional significance of iNOS expression and nitrotyrosine formation in patients with heart failure. METHODS LV endomyocardial biopsies obtained from 24 patients with heart failure due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (ejection fraction [EF] <45% and left ventricular end-diastolic volume index [LVEDVI] >102 ml/m2) were analyzed for iNOS and nitrotyrosine. LV contractile performance was assessed by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and stroke work normalized for end-diastolic pressure (SW/EDP). LV filling pattern was assessed by Doppler E/A wave ratio, deceleration time (DT) of early LV filling and indexed LV end-diastolic volume normalized for EDP as a marker of diastolic distensibility. RESULTS iNOS immunostaining correlated significantly with nitrotyrosine formation (r = 0.86, p < 0.001). In the whole study group, patients expressing iNOS (n = 13) showed larger LV end-diastolic (173 +/-16 vs 128 +/- 9 ml/m2, p = 0.031) and end-systolic volume indices (110 +/- 16 vs 61 +/- 9 ml/m2, p = 0.018) and similar LVEDP (18 +/- 2 vs 21 +/- 2 mm Hg, p = 0.227). In patients with advanced heart failure and reduced pre-load reserve (LVEDP > 16 mm Hg, n = 18), iNOS protein and nitrotyrosine formation correlated positively with LVSW/EDP (r = 0.65, p = 0.03 and r = 0.64, p = 0.04, respectively), DT (r = 0.96, p < 0.01 and r = 0.88, p < 0.01, respectively) and inversely with E/A (r = -0.82, p < 0.01 and r = -0.88, p < 0.01, respectively). In addition, nitrotyrosine formation correlated positively with LVEDVI/EDP (r = 0.64, p = 0.02). Advanced iNOS-positive heart failure patients had a higher LVEDVI/EDP compared with iNOS-negative patients (5.30 +/- 0.64 vs 3.13 +/- 0.34 ml/mm Hg x m2, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS In heart failure, iNOS protein expression is associated with nitrotyrosine formation. Although iNOS-positive patients are generally characterized by larger LV volume and depressed function, the preserved NO generation appears to be associated with higher cardiac work due to the preserved Frank-Starling relationship in end-stage heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Vanderheyden
- Cardiovascular Center, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Ziekenhuis, Aalst, Belgium.
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Wang YQ, Shi YP, Dai DZ. Therapeutic effects of CPU 86017 on acute and chronic congestive cardiac failure mediated by reducing ET-1?NOS and oxidative stress in rats. Drug Dev Res 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.10383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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