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Ajoolabady A, Pratico D, Vinciguerra M, Lip GYH, Franceschi C, Ren J. Inflammaging: mechanisms and role in the cardiac and vasculature. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:373-387. [PMID: 37076375 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Aging triggers a wide range of cellular and molecular aberrations in the body, giving rise to inflammation and associated diseases. In particular, aging is associated with persistent low-grade inflammation even in absence of inflammatory stimuli, a phenomenon commonly referred to as 'inflammaging'. Accumulating evidence has revealed that inflammaging in vascular and cardiac tissues is associated with the emergence of pathological states such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. In this review we survey molecular and pathological mechanisms of inflammaging in vascular and cardiac aging to identify potential targets, natural therapeutic compounds, and other strategies to suppress inflammaging in the heart and vasculature, as well as in associated diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ajoolabady
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Domenico Pratico
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool Johns Moore University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Applied Mathematics and Laboratory of Systems Biology of Aging, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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2
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Jin Z, Deng H, Xiong S, Gao L. Perspective of SGLT2i in the Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 81:241-247. [PMID: 36630701 PMCID: PMC10079298 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in the elderly is increasing year by year with high mortality. Current treatment is mainly through surgery or endovascular intervention, which is not sufficient to reduce future risk. Therefore, we still need to find an effective conservative measure as an adjunct therapy or early intervention to prevent AAA progression. Traditional therapeutic agents, such as β-receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, and statins, have been shown to have limited effects on the growth of AAA. Recently, sodium-glucose cotransport proteins inhibitors (SGLT2is), a new class hypoglycemic drug, have shown outstanding beneficiary effects on cardiovascular diseases by plasma volume reduction, vascular tone regulation, and various unidentified mechanisms. It has been demonstrated that SGLT2i is abundantly expressed in the aorta, and some studies also showed promising results of SGLT2i in treating animal AAA models. This article aims to summarize the recent progress of AAA studies and look forward to the application of SGLT2i in AAA treatment for early intervention or adjunct therapy after surgical repair or stent graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtiao Jin
- Master of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, China; and
| | - Hongping Deng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, China.
| | - Sizheng Xiong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, China.
| | - Ling Gao
- Master of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, China; and
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3
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The mechanism and therapy of aortic aneurysms. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:55. [PMID: 36737432 PMCID: PMC9898314 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm is a chronic aortic disease affected by many factors. Although it is generally asymptomatic, it poses a significant threat to human life due to a high risk of rupture. Because of its strong concealment, it is difficult to diagnose the disease in the early stage. At present, there are no effective drugs for the treatment of aneurysms. Surgical intervention and endovascular treatment are the only therapies. Although current studies have discovered that inflammatory responses as well as the production and activation of various proteases promote aortic aneurysm, the specific mechanisms remain unclear. Researchers are further exploring the pathogenesis of aneurysms to find new targets for diagnosis and treatment. To better understand aortic aneurysm, this review elaborates on the discovery history of aortic aneurysm, main classification and clinical manifestations, related molecular mechanisms, clinical cohort studies and animal models, with the ultimate goal of providing insights into the treatment of this devastating disease. The underlying problem with aneurysm disease is weakening of the aortic wall, leading to progressive dilation. If not treated in time, the aortic aneurysm eventually ruptures. An aortic aneurysm is a local enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the aortic wall. The disease is usually asymptomatic but leads to high mortality due to the risk of artery rupture.
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Phosphodiesterase 4D contributes to angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm through smooth muscle cell apoptosis. EXPERIMENTAL & MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 54:1201-1213. [PMID: 35999453 PMCID: PMC9440214 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00815-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a permanent expansion of the abdominal aorta that has a high mortality but limited treatment options. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 family members are cAMP-specific hydrolyzing enzymes and have four isoforms (PDE4A-PDE4D). Several pan-PDE4 inhibitors are used clinically. However, the regulation and function of PDE4 in AAA remain largely unknown. Herein, we showed that PDE4D expression is upregulated in human and angiotensin II-induced mouse AAA tissues using RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining. Furthermore, smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific Pde4d knockout mice showed significantly reduced vascular destabilization and AAA development in an experimental AAA model. The PDE4 inhibitor rolipram also suppressed vascular pathogenesis and AAA formation in mice. In addition, PDE4D deficiency inhibited caspase 3 cleavage and SMC apoptosis in vivo and in vitro, as shown by bulk RNA-seq, western blotting, flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. Mechanistic studies revealed that PDE4D promotes apoptosis by suppressing the activation of cAMP-activated protein kinase A (PKA) instead of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac). Additionally, the phosphorylation of BCL2-antagonist of cell death (Bad) was reversed by PDE4D siRNA in vitro, which indicates that PDE4D regulates SMC apoptosis via the cAMP-PKA-pBad axis. Overall, these findings indicate that PDE4D upregulation in SMCs plays a causative role in AAA development and suggest that pharmacological inhibition of PDE4 may represent a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Zhai Z, Zhang X, Ding Y, Huang Z, Li Q, Zheng M, Cho K, Dong Z, Fu W, Chen Z, Jiang B. Eugenol restrains abdominal aortic aneurysm progression with down‐regulations on
NF‐κB
and
COX
‐2. Phytother Res 2022; 36:928-937. [PMID: 35132703 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhai
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Xianjing Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchao Ding
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Ziming Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kenka Cho
- Department of Acupuncture, Takarazuka University of Medical and Health Care, Takarazuka-city, Japan
| | - Zhihui Dong
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Fu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zaixing Chen
- College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Baohong Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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6
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Hall S, Ward ND, Patel R, Amin-Javaheri A, Lanford H, Grespin RT, Couch C, Xiong Y, Mukherjee R, Jones JA, Ruddy JM. Mechanical activation of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor contributes to abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. JVS Vasc Sci 2021; 2:194-206. [PMID: 34761239 PMCID: PMC8567200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) can be activated under conditions of mechanical stretch in some cellular systems. Whether this activity influences signaling within the abdominal aorta to promote to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development remains unknown. We evaluated the hypothesis that mechanical AT1R activation can occur under conditions of hypertension (HTN) and contribute to AAA formation. Methods BPH/2 mice, which demonstrate spontaneous neurogenic, low-renin HTN, and normotensive BPN/3 mice underwent AAA induction via the calcium chloride model, with or without an osmotic minipump delivering 30 mg/kg/d of the AT1R blocker Losartan. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured at baseline and weekly via a tail cuff. The aortic diameter (AoD) was measured at baseline and terminal surgery at 21 days by digital microscopy. Aortic tissue was harvested for immunoblotting (phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2 [pERK1/2] to ERK1/2 ratio) and expressed as the fold-change from the BPN/3 control mice. Aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) underwent stretch with or without Losartan (1 μM) treatment to assess the mechanical stimulation of ERK1/2 activity. Statistical analysis of the blood pressure, AoD, and VSMC ERK1/2 activity was performed using analysis of variance. However, the data distribution was determined to be log-normal (Shapiro-Wilk test) for ERK1/2 activity. Therefore, it was logarithmically transformed before analysis of variance. Results At baseline, the SBP was elevated in the BPH/2 mice relative to the BPN/3 mice (P < .05). Losartan treatment significantly reduced the SBP in both mouse strains (P < .05). AAA induction did not affect the SBP. At 21 days after induction, the percentage of increase in the AoD from baseline was significantly greater in the BPH/2 mice than in the BPN/3 mice (101.28% ± 4.19% vs 75.59% ± 1.67% above baseline; P < .05). Losartan treatment significantly attenuated AAA growth in both BPH/2 and BPN/3 mice (33.88% ± 2.97% and 43.96% ± 3.05% above baseline, respectively; P < .05). ERK1/2 activity was increased approximately fivefold in the BPH/2 control mice relative to the BPN/3 control mice (P < .05). In the BPH/2 and BPN/3 mice with AAA, ERK1/2 activity was significantly increased relative to the respective baseline control (P < .05) and effectively reduced by concomitant Losartan therapy (P < .05). Biaxial stretch of the VSMCs in the absence of angiotensin II demonstrated increased ERK1/2 activation (P < .05 vs static control), which was significantly inhibited by Losartan. Conclusions In BPH/2 mice with spontaneous neurogenic, low-renin HTN, AAA growth was amplified compared with the normotensive control and was effectively attenuated using Losartan. ERK1/2 activity was significantly elevated in the BPH/2 mice and after AAA induction in the normotensive and hypertensive mice but was attenuated by Losartan treatment. These data suggest that AT1R activation contributes to AAA development. Therefore, further investigation into this signaling pathway could establish targets for pharmacotherapeutic engineering to slow AAA growth. (JVS-Vascular Science 2021;2:194-206.). Clinical Relevance Hypertension (HTN) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) have been epidemiologically linked for decades; however, a biomechanical link has not yet been identified. Using a murine model of spontaneous neurogenic HTN experimentally demonstrated to have low circulating renin, mechanical activation of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) was identified with elevated blood pressure and AAA induction. HTN amplified AAA growth. However, more importantly, blocking the activation of AT1R with the angiotensin receptor blocker Losartan effectively abrogated AAA development. Although inhibiting the production of angiotensin II has previously been unsuccessful in altering AAA growth, the results from the present study suggest that blocking the activation of AT1R through direct ligand binding or mechanical stimulation might alter aortic wall signaling and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- SarahRose Hall
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Nicholas D Ward
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Raj Patel
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Armaan Amin-Javaheri
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Hayes Lanford
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - R Tyler Grespin
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Christine Couch
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Ying Xiong
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Rupak Mukherjee
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - Jeffrey A Jones
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - Jean Marie Ruddy
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
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7
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Sarafidis P, Martens S, Saratzis A, Kadian-Dodov D, Murray PT, Shanahan CM, Hamdan AD, Engelman DT, Teichgräber U, Herzog CA, Cheung M, Jadoul M, Winkelmayer WC, Reinecke H, Johansen K. Diseases of the Aorta and Kidney Disease: Conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2582-2595. [PMID: 34469520 PMCID: PMC9491875 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an independent risk factor for the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), as well as for cardiovascular and renal events and all-cause mortality following surgery for AAA or thoracic aortic dissection. In addition, the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) after any aortic surgery is particularly high, and this AKI per se is independently associated with future cardiovascular events and mortality. On the other hand, both development of AKI after surgery and the long-term evolution of kidney function differ significantly depending on the type of AAA intervention (open surgery vs. the various subtypes of endovascular repair). Current knowledge regarding AAA in the general population may not be always applicable to CKD patients, as they have a high prevalence of co-morbid conditions and an elevated risk for periprocedural complications. This summary of a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Controversies Conference group discussion reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of Diseases of the Aorta in CKD and identifies knowledge gaps, areas of controversy, and priorities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantelis Sarafidis
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sven Martens
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery - Division of Cardiac Surgery, Münster, University Hospital, Universitätsklinikum, Münster, Germany
| | - Athanasios Saratzis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leicester University Hospital and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Daniella Kadian-Dodov
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick T Murray
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine M Shanahan
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Allen D Hamdan
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel T Engelman
- Heart, Vascular & Critical Care Services Baystate Medical Center, and University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Ulf Teichgräber
- Department of Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Charles A Herzog
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Chronic Disease Research Group, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Michel Jadoul
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wolfgang C Winkelmayer
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Holger Reinecke
- Department of Cardiology I: Coronary and peripheral vessel disease, heart failure; Münster University Hospital, Universitätsklinikum, Münster, Germany
| | - Kirsten Johansen
- Division of Nephrology, Hennepin County Medical Center and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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8
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Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Atkin SL, Bezsonov EE, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Decoys in Non-Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases: State of the Art. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8090103. [PMID: 34564121 PMCID: PMC8467637 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8090103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of global death, highlighting the fact that conventional therapeutic approaches for the treatment of CVD patients are insufficient, and there is a need to develop new therapeutic approaches. In recent years, decoy technology, decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN), and decoy peptides show promising results for the future treatment of CVDs. Decoy ODN inhibits transcription by binding to the transcriptional factor, while decoy peptide neutralizes receptors by binding to the ligands. This review focused on studies that have investigated the effects of decoy ODN and decoy peptides on non-atherosclerotic CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Evgeny E. Bezsonov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology and General Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran;
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
- Correspondence: or
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9
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The Hsp90 Inhibitor 17-DMAG Attenuates Hyperglycemia-Enhanced Hemorrhagic Transformation in Experimental Stroke. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6668442. [PMID: 33614785 PMCID: PMC7878095 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6668442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is one of the most common complications of ischemic stroke which is exacerbated by hyperglycemia. Oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been evidenced to play a vital role in the pathophysiology of HT. Our previous study has reported that 17-DMAG, an Hsp90 inhibitor, protects the brain against ischemic injury via inhibiting inflammation and reducing MMP-9 after ischemia. However, whether 17-DMAG would attenuate HT in hyperglycemic middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats is still unknown. Methods Acute hyperglycemia was induced by an injection of 50% dextrose. Rats were pretreated with 17-DMAG before MCAO. Infarction volume, hemorrhagic volume neurological scores, expressions of inflammatory molecules and tight junction proteins, and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were assessed 24 h after MCAO. Results 17-DMAG was found to reduce HT, improve neurological function, and inhibit expressions of inflammatory molecules and the activation of MMPs at 24 h after MCAO. Conclusion These results implicated that Hsp90 could be a novel therapeutic target in HT following ischemic stroke.
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10
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Gene Regulatory Network Analysis of Perivascular Adipose Tissue of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Identifies Master Regulators of Key Pathogenetic Pathways. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8080288. [PMID: 32823940 PMCID: PMC7459520 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of medical therapy to treat abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) stems from our inadequate understanding of the mechanisms underlying AAA pathogenesis. To date, the only available treatment option relies on surgical intervention, which aims to prevent AAA rupture. Identifying specific regulators of pivotal pathogenetic mechanisms would allow the development of novel treatments. With this work, we sought to identify regulatory factors associated with co-expressed genes characterizing the diseased perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) of AAA patients, which is crucially involved in AAA pathogenesis. We applied a reverse engineering approach to identify cis-regulatory elements of diseased PVAT genes, the associated transcription factors, and upstream regulators. Finally, by analyzing the topological properties of the reconstructed regulatory disease network, we prioritized putative targets for AAA interference treatment options. Overall, we identified NFKB1, SPIB, and TBP as the most relevant transcription factors, as well as MAPK1 and GSKB3 protein kinases and RXRA nuclear receptor as key upstream regulators. We showed that these factors could regulate different co-expressed gene subsets in AAA PVAT, specifically associated with both innate and antigen-driven immune response pathways. Inhibition of these factors may represent a novel option for the development of efficient immunomodulatory strategies to treat AAA.
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11
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Shuai T, Kan Y, Si Y, Fu W. High-risk factors related to the occurrence and development of abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Interv Med 2020; 3:80-82. [PMID: 34805912 PMCID: PMC8562180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jimed.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common and potentially dangerous vascular disease with many risk factors related to its occurrence and development. This review collects the results from recent studies of different comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia and summarizes their connections with AAA development and its underlying mechanisms. We believe that hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia can affect AAA occurrence and development, but more studies are needed to further explore the mechanisms.
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12
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Li Z, Kong W. Cellular signaling in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Cell Signal 2020; 70:109575. [PMID: 32088371 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are highly lethal cardiovascular diseases without effective medications. However, the molecular and signaling mechanisms remain unclear. A series of pathological cellular processes have been shown to contribute to AAA formation, including vascular extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammatory and immune responses, oxidative stress, and dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells. Each cellular process involves complex cellular signaling, such as NF-κB, MAPK, TGFβ, Notch and inflammasome signaling. In this review, we discuss how cellular signaling networks function in various cellular processes during the pathogenesis and progression of AAA. Understanding the interaction of cellular signaling networks with AAA pathogenesis as well as the crosstalk of different signaling pathways is essential for the development of novel therapeutic approaches to and personalized treatments of AAA diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China.
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13
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Cyron CJ, Wilson JS, Humphrey JD. Mechanobiological stability: a new paradigm to understand the enlargement of aneurysms? J R Soc Interface 2015; 11:20140680. [PMID: 25209402 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Static and dynamic mechanical instabilities were previously suggested, and then rejected, as mediators of aneurysmal development, which leaves open the question of the underlying mechanism. In this paper, we suggest as a new paradigm the interpretation of aneurysms as mechanobiological instabilities. For illustrative purposes, we compare analytical calculations with computational simulations of the growth and remodelling of idealized fusiform abdominal aortic aneurysms and experimental and clinical findings. We show that the concept of mechanobiological stability is consistent with the impact of risk factors such as age, smoking or diabetes on the initiation and enlargement of these lesions as well as adaptive processes in the healthy abdominal aorta such as dilatation during ageing or in hypertension. In general, high stiffness, an increased capacity for stress-mediated matrix production, and slow matrix turnover all improve the mechanobiological stability of blood vessels. This theoretical understanding may help guide prognosis and the development of future therapies for aneurysms as it enables systematic ways to attenuate enlargement.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Cyron
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J S Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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14
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López San Martín M, Vega de Céniga M, Aguirre Larracoechea U, Esteban Salan M, Estallo Laliena L, Barba Vélez A. Asociación de PCR plasmática y evolución del aneurisma de aorta infrarrenal. ANGIOLOGIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.angio.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Wang M, Kim SH, Monticone RE, Lakatta EG. Matrix metalloproteinases promote arterial remodeling in aging, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Hypertension 2015; 65:698-703. [PMID: 25667214 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.03618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Wang
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Baltimore, MD.
| | - Soo Hyuk Kim
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Baltimore, MD
| | - Robert E Monticone
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Baltimore, MD
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Baltimore, MD.
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16
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Qi J, Yang P, Yi B, Huo Y, Chen M, Zhang J, Sun J. Heat shock protein 90 inhibition by 17-DMAG attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H841-52. [PMID: 25637544 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00470.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common degenerative vascular disease whose pathogenesis is associated with activation of multiple signaling pathways including Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK) and NF-κB. It is now well recognized that these pathways are chaperoned by the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), suggesting that inhibition of Hsp90 may be a novel strategy for inhibiting AAAs. The aim of this study is to investigate whether inhibition of Hsp90 by 17-DMAG (17-dimethyl-aminothylamino-17-demethoxy-geldanamycin) attenuates ANG II-induced AAA formation in mice, and, if so, to elucidate the mechanisms involved. Apolipoprotein E-null mice were infused with ANG II to induce AAA formation and simultaneously treated by intraperitoneal injection with either vehicle or 17-DMAG for 4 wk. ANG II infusion induced AAA formation in 80% of mice, which was accompanied by increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, enhanced tissue inflammation, oxidative stress, and neovascularization. Importantly, these effects were inhibited by 17-DMAG treatment. Mechanistically, we showed that 17-DMAG prevented the formation and progression of AAA through its inhibitory effects on diverse biological pathways including 1) by blocking ANG II-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK that are critically involved in the regulation of MMPs in vascular smooth muscle cells, 2) by inhibiting IκB kinase expression and expression of MCP-1, and 3) by attenuating ANG II-stimulated angiogenic processes critical to AAA formation. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of Hsp90 by 17-DMAG effectively attenuates ANG II-induced AAA formation by simultaneously inhibiting vascular inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, and angiogenesis, which are critical in the formation and progression of AAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; and Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Bing Yi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yan Huo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ming Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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17
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Schmit BM, Yang P, Fu C, DeSart K, Berceli SA, Jiang Z. Hypertension overrides the protective effect of female hormones on the development of aortic aneurysm secondary to Alk5 deficiency via ERK activation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 308:H115-25. [PMID: 25398982 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00521.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of aortic aneurysm is five times higher in men than women among the general population. Similar sexual dimorphism also exists in syndromic aortic aneurysms triggered by TGF-β signaling disorders. To understand the responsible mechanisms, we developed an animal model where inducible deletion of the type I TGF-β receptor, Alk5, specifically in smooth muscle cells (Alk5iko) causes spontaneous aortic aneurysm formation. This model recapitulated an extreme scenario of the dimorphism in aortic aneurysm development between genders. In a comparative experiment, all Alk5iko males (n=42) developed aortic aneurysms and 26% of them died prematurely from aortic rupture. In contrast, the Alk5iko females (n=14) presented only a subclinical phenotype characteristic of scarcely scattered elastin breaks. Removal of male hormones via orchiectomy (n=7) resulted in only minimal influence on aortic pathology. However, reduction of female hormones via ovariectomy (n=15) increased the phenotypic penetrance from zero to 53%. Finally, an elevation of systolic blood pressure by 30 points unmasked the subclinical phenotype of Alk5iko females (n=17) to 59%. This exaggerated phenotypic penetrance was coupled with an early intensification of ERK signaling, a molecular signature that correlated to 100% phenotypic penetrance in normotensive Alk5iko males. In conclusion, aortic aneurysm induced by Alk5iko exhibits dimorphic incidence between genders with females less susceptible to aortic disease. This sexual dimorphism is partially the result from the protective effects of female hormones. Hypertension, a known risk factor for aortic aneurysm, is able to break the female sex protective effects through mechanisms associated with enhanced ERK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M Schmit
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Pu Yang
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Chunhua Fu
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Kenneth DeSart
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Scott A Berceli
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and The Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and
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18
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DIVCHEV DIMITAR, TURAN GÖKMEN, REHDERS TIM, NIENABER CHRISTOPHA. Renal Sympathetic Denervation in Patients with Aortic Dissection. J Interv Cardiol 2014; 27:334-9. [DOI: 10.1111/joic.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- DIMITAR DIVCHEV
- Department of Cardiology; University Heart Center Rostock; Rostock Germany
| | - GÖKMEN TURAN
- Department of Cardiology; University Heart Center Rostock; Rostock Germany
| | - TIM REHDERS
- Department of Cardiology; University Heart Center Rostock; Rostock Germany
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Lv BJ, Lindholt JS, Cheng X, Wang J, Shi GP. Plasma cathepsin S and cystatin C levels and risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm: a randomized population-based study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41813. [PMID: 22844527 PMCID: PMC3402402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) lesions contain high levels of cathepsin S (CatS), but are deficient in its inhibitor, cystatin C. Whether plasma CatS and cystatin C levels are also altered in AAA patients remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma samples were collected from 476 male AAA patients and 200 age-matched male controls to determine CatS and cystatin C levels by ELISA. Student's t test demonstrated higher plasma levels of total, active, and pro-CatS in AAA patients than in controls (P<0.001). ROC curve analysis confirmed higher plasma total, active, and pro-CatS levels in AAA patients than in controls (P<0.001). Logistic regression suggested that plasma total (odds ratio [OR] = 1.332), active (OR = 1.21), and pro-CatS (OR = 1.25) levels were independent AAA risk factors that associated positively with AAA (P<0.001). Plasma cystatin C levels associated significantly, but negatively, with AAA (OR = 0.356, P<0.001). Univariate correlation demonstrated that plasma total and active CatS levels correlated positively with body-mass index, diastolic blood pressure, and aortic diameter, but negatively with the lowest ankle-brachial index (ABI). Plasma cystatin C levels also correlated negatively with the lowest ABI. Multivariate linear regression showed that plasma total, active, and pro-CatS levels correlated positively with aortic diameter and negatively with the lowest ABI, whereas plasma cystatin C levels correlated negatively with aortic diameter and the lowest ABI, after adjusting for common AAA risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Correlation of plasma CatS and cystatin C with aortic diameter and the lowest ABI suggest these serological parameters as biomarkers for human peripheral arterial diseases and AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Jie Lv
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jes S. Lindholt
- Vascular Research Unit, Department of Vascular Surgery, Viborg Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GPS); (JW)
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GPS); (JW)
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Dryden NH, Sperone A, Martin-Almedina S, Hannah RL, Birdsey GM, Khan ST, Layhadi JA, Mason JC, Haskard DO, Göttgens B, Randi AM. The transcription factor Erg controls endothelial cell quiescence by repressing activity of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:12331-42. [PMID: 22337883 PMCID: PMC3320982 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.346791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of transcription factors with specific DNA sequences is critical for activation of gene expression programs. In endothelial cells (EC), the transcription factor NF-κB is important in the switch from quiescence to activation, and is tightly controlled to avoid excessive inflammation and organ damage. Here we describe a novel mechanism that controls the activation of NF-κB in EC. The transcription factor Erg, the most highly expressed ETS member in resting EC, controls quiescence by repressing proinflammatory gene expression. Focusing on intercellular adhesion molecule 1(ICAM)-1 as a model, we identify two ETS binding sites (EBS −118 and −181) within the ICAM-1 promoter required for Erg-mediated repression. We show that Erg binds to both EBS −118 and EBS −181, the latter located within the NF-κB binding site. Interestingly, inhibition of Erg expression in quiescent EC results in increased NF-κB-dependent ICAM-1 expression, indicating that Erg represses basal NF-κB activity. Erg prevents NF-κB p65 from binding to the ICAM-1 promoter, suggesting a direct mechanism of interference. Gene set enrichment analysis of transcriptome profiles of Erg and NF-κB-dependent genes, together with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies, reveals that this mechanism is common to other proinflammatory genes, including cIAP-2 and IL-8. These results identify a role for Erg as a gatekeeper controlling vascular inflammation, thus providing an important barrier to protect against inappropriate endothelial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola H Dryden
- National Heart and Lung Institute Cardiovascular Sciences Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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Kaneko H, Anzai T, Morisawa M, Kohno T, Nagai T, Anzai A, Takahashi T, Shimoda M, Sasaki A, Maekawa Y, Yoshimura K, Aoki H, Tsubota K, Yoshikawa T, Okada Y, Ogawa S, Fukuda K. Resveratrol prevents the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm through attenuation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and neovascularization. Atherosclerosis 2011; 217:350-7. [PMID: 21530968 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the effect of resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a plant-derived polyphenolic compound, on the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). METHODS AAA was induced in mice by periaortic application of CaCl(2). NaCl (0.9%)-applied mice were used as a sham group. Mice were treated with intraperitoneal injection of PBS (Sham/CON, AAA/CON, n=30 for each) or resveratrol (100 mg/kg/day) (AAA/RSVT, n=30). Six weeks after the operation, aortic tissue was excised for further examinations. RESULTS Aortic diameter was enlarged in AAA/CON compared with Sham/CON. Resveratrol treatment reduced the aneurysm size and inflammatory cell infiltration in the aortic wall compared with AAA/CON. Elastica Van Gieson staining showed destruction of the wavy morphology of the elastic lamellae in AAA/CON, while it was preserved in AAA/RSVT. The increased mRNA expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, CD68, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, p47, glutathione peroxidase (GPX)1 and GPX3 were attenuated by resveratrol treatment (all p<0.05). Administration of resveratrol decreased protein expression of phospho-p65 in AAA. The increased 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine-positive cell count and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-positive cell count in AAA were also reduced by resveratrol treatment. Zymographic activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-2 was lower in AAA/RSVT compared with AAA/CON (both p<0.05). Compared with AAA/CON, Mac-2(+) macrophages and CD31(+) vessels in the aortic wall were decreased in AAA/RSVT (both p<0.05). CONCLUSION Treatment with resveratrol in mice prevented the development of CaCl(2)-induced AAA, in association with reduced inflammation, oxidative stress, neoangiogenesis, and extracellular matrix disruption. These findings suggest therapeutic potential of resveratrol for AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Kaneko
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Aoki T, Nishimura M. Molecular mechanism of cerebral aneurysm formation focusing on NF-κB as a key mediator of inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12573-010-0021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Johnsen SH, Forsdahl SH, Singh K, Jacobsen BK. Atherosclerosis in abdominal aortic aneurysms: a causal event or a process running in parallel? The Tromsø study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:1263-8. [PMID: 20360536 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.203588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation is poorly understood. We investigated the relationship between carotid, femoral, and coronary atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic diameter, and whether atherosclerosis was a risk marker for AAA. METHODS AND RESULTS Ultrasound of the right carotid artery, the common femoral artery, and the abdominal aorta was performed in 6446 men and women from a general population. The burden of atherosclerosis was assessed as carotid total plaque area, common femoral lumen diameter, and self-reported coronary heart disease. An AAA was defined as maximal infrarenal aortic diameter > or =30 mm. No dose-response relationship was found between carotid atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic diameter <27 mm. However, significantly more atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease was found in aortic diameter > or =27 mm and in AAAs. The age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) for AAA in the top total plaque area quintile was 2.3 (1.5 to 3.4), as compared with subjects without plaques. The adjusted OR (95% CI) was 1.7 (1.1 to 2.6). No independent association was found between femoral lumen diameter and AAA. CONCLUSIONS The lack of a consistent dose-response relationship between atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic diameter suggests that atherosclerosis may not be a causal event in AAA but develops in parallel with or secondary to aneurismal dilatation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stein Harald Johnsen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital North Norway, N-9038 Tromsø, Norway.
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Lemarié CA, Tharaux PL, Lehoux S. Extracellular matrix alterations in hypertensive vascular remodeling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 48:433-9. [PMID: 19837080 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vascular cells are very sensitive to their hemodynamic environment. Any change in blood pressure or blood flow can be sensed by endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells and ultimately results in structural modifications within the vascular wall that accommodate the new conditions. In the case of hypertension, the increase in arterial stretch stimulates vessel thickening to normalize the tensile forces. This process requires modification of the extracellular matrix and of cell-matrix interactions, which mainly involves extracellular proteases. In hypertension, chronic exposure of the arterial wall to stretch leads to vascular remodeling, arterial stiffness and calcification, which finally affect target organ function. This review surveys how mechanical stretch regulates extracellular proteases, considering the signaling pathways involved and the consequences on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Lemarié
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Nischan J, Gatalica Z, Curtis M, Lenk GM, Tromp G, Kuivaniemi H. Binding sites for ETS family of transcription factors dominate the promoter regions of differentially expressed genes in abdominal aortic aneurysms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 2:565-72. [PMID: 20031636 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.108.843854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we identified 3274 distinct differentially expressed genes in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) tissue compared with nonaneurysmal controls. As transcriptional control is responsible for these expression changes, we sought to find common transcriptional elements in the promoter regions of the differentially expressed genes. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed the up- and downregulated gene sets with Whole Genome rVISTA to determine the transcription factor (TF) binding sites overrepresented in the 5-kb promoter regions of the 3274 genes. The downregulated gene set yielded 144 TF binding sites that were overrepresented in the subset when compared with the entire genome. In contrast, the upregulated gene set yielded only 13 distinct overrepresented TF binding sites. Interestingly, as classified by TRANSFAC, 8 of the 13 TFs binding to these regions belong to the ETS family. Additionally, nuclear factor kB and its subunits p50 and p65 showed enrichment. Immunohistochemical analyses of 10 TFs from the upregulated set showed 9 to be present in AAA tissue. Based on gene ontology analysis of biological process categories of the upregulated target genes of enriched TFs, 10 TFs had enrichment in immune system process among their target genes. CONCLUSIONS Our genome-wide analysis provides further evidence of ETS and nuclear factor kB involvement in AAA. Additionally, our results provide novel insight for future studies aiming to dissect the pathogenesis of AAA and have uncovered potential therapeutic targets for AAA prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Nischan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan,USA
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Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common degenerative condition with high mortality in older men. Elective surgical or endovascular repair is performed to prevent rupture of large AAAs. In contrast, despite gradual expansion, small AAAs have a low risk of rupture, and there is currently no well-defined treatment strategy for them. Therefore, a pharmacological approach for AAA is expected in the clinical setting. Indeed, several therapeutic effects of pharmacological agents have been reported in experimental models, and some agents have undergone clinical trials. Treatment with statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitors, antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory agents appears to inhibit the growth rate of AAA in humans. However, as the sample size and follow-up period were limited in these studies, a large randomized study with long-term follow-up of small AAA should be performed to clarify the effect of these agents. Recently, the regression of AAA using molecular pharmacological approaches was reported in experimental studies. The characteristics of these strategies are the regulation of multiple molecular mediators and the signalling networks associated with AAA formation. On the basis of the results of these investigations, it may be possible to repair the injured aortic wall and obtain the remission of AAA using pharmacological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Miyake
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Patel A, Jagadesham V, Porter K, Scott D, Carding S. Characterisation of Fractalkine/CX3CL1 and Fractalkine Receptor (CX3CR1) Expression in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2008; 36:20-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2008.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Accepted: 01/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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