1
|
Soonpaa MH, Reuter SP, Castelluccio PF, Field LJ. Musings on intrinsic cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity and myocardial regeneration. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 182:86-91. [PMID: 37517369 PMCID: PMC10530305 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Although the myocardial renewal rate in the adult mammalian heart is quite low, recent studies have identified genetic variants which can impact the degree of cardiomyocyte cell cycle reentry. Here we use the compound interest law to model the level of regenerative growth over time in mice exhibiting different rates of cardiomyocyte cell cycle reentry following myocardial injury. The modeling suggests that the limited ability of S-phase adult cardiomyocytes to progress through cytokinesis, rather than the ability to reenter the cell cycle per se, is a major contributor to the low levels of intrinsic regenerative growth in the adult myocardium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Soonpaa
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Sean P Reuter
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Peter F Castelluccio
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Loren J Field
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reuter SP, Soonpaa MH, Field D, Simpson E, Rubart-von der Lohe M, Lee HK, Sridhar A, Ware SM, Green N, Li X, Ofner S, Marchuk DA, Wollert KC, Field LJ. Cardiac Troponin I-Interacting Kinase Affects Cardiomyocyte S-Phase Activity but Not Cardiomyocyte Proliferation. Circulation 2023; 147:142-153. [PMID: 36382596 PMCID: PMC9839600 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.061130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying genetic variants that affect the level of cell cycle reentry and establishing the degree of cell cycle progression in those variants could help guide development of therapeutic interventions aimed at effecting cardiac regeneration. We observed that C57Bl6/NCR (B6N) mice have a marked increase in cardiomyocyte S-phase activity after permanent coronary artery ligation compared with infarcted DBA/2J (D2J) mice. METHODS Cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity after infarction was monitored in D2J, (D2J×B6N)-F1, and (D2J×B6N)-F1×D2J backcross mice by means of bromodeoxyuridine or 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation using a nuclear-localized transgenic reporter to identify cardiomyocyte nuclei. Genome-wide quantitative trait locus analysis, fine scale genetic mapping, whole exome sequencing, and RNA sequencing analyses of the backcross mice were performed to identify the gene responsible for the elevated cardiomyocyte S-phase phenotype. RESULTS (D2J×B6N)-F1 mice exhibited a 14-fold increase in cardiomyocyte S-phase activity in ventricular regions remote from infarct scar compared with D2J mice (0.798±0.09% versus 0.056±0.004%; P<0.001). Quantitative trait locus analysis of (D2J×B6N)-F1×D2J backcross mice revealed that the gene responsible for differential S-phase activity was located on the distal arm of chromosome 3 (logarithm of the odds score=6.38; P<0.001). Additional genetic and molecular analyses identified 3 potential candidates. Of these, Tnni3k (troponin I-interacting kinase) is expressed in B6N hearts but not in D2J hearts. Transgenic expression of TNNI3K in a D2J genetic background results in elevated cardiomyocyte S-phase activity after injury. Cardiomyocyte S-phase activity in both Tnni3k-expressing and Tnni3k-nonexpressing mice results in the formation of polyploid nuclei. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that Tnni3k expression increases the level of cardiomyocyte S-phase activity after injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean P. Reuter
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Mark H. Soonpaa
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Dorothy Field
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Ed Simpson
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | | | - Han Kyu Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine
| | - Arthi Sridhar
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Stephanie M. Ware
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Nick Green
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Susan Ofner
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Douglas A. Marchuk
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine
| | - Kai C. Wollert
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Division of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Hannover Medical School
| | - Loren J. Field
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pettinato AM, Yoo D, VanOudenhove J, Chen YS, Cohn R, Ladha FA, Yang X, Thakar K, Romano R, Legere N, Meredith E, Robson P, Regnier M, Cotney JL, Murry CE, Hinson JT. Sarcomere function activates a p53-dependent DNA damage response that promotes polyploidization and limits in vivo cell engraftment. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109088. [PMID: 33951429 PMCID: PMC8161465 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cardiac regeneration is limited by low cardiomyocyte replicative rates and progressive polyploidization by unclear mechanisms. To study this process, we engineer a human cardiomyocyte model to track replication and polyploidization using fluorescently tagged cyclin B1 and cardiac troponin T. Using time-lapse imaging, in vitro cardiomyocyte replication patterns recapitulate the progressive mononuclear polyploidization and replicative arrest observed in vivo. Single-cell transcriptomics and chromatin state analyses reveal that polyploidization is preceded by sarcomere assembly, enhanced oxidative metabolism, a DNA damage response, and p53 activation. CRISPR knockout screening reveals p53 as a driver of cell-cycle arrest and polyploidization. Inhibiting sarcomere function, or scavenging ROS, inhibits cell-cycle arrest and polyploidization. Finally, we show that cardiomyocyte engraftment in infarcted rat hearts is enhanced 4-fold by the increased proliferation of troponin-knockout cardiomyocytes. Thus, the sarcomere inhibits cell division through a DNA damage response that can be targeted to improve cardiomyocyte replacement strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Pettinato
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Dasom Yoo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Rachel Cohn
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Feria A Ladha
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Xiulan Yang
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ketan Thakar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Robert Romano
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Nicolas Legere
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Emily Meredith
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Paul Robson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Justin L Cotney
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - J Travis Hinson
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Anger M, Scheufele F, Ramanujam D, Meyer K, Nakajima H, Field LJ, Engelhardt S, Sarikas A. Genetic ablation of Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase 7 restrains pressure overload-induced myocardial fibrosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244096. [PMID: 33351822 PMCID: PMC7755222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathognomonic feature of structural heart disease and counteracted by distinct cardioprotective mechanisms, e.g. activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) / AKT pro-survival pathway. The Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase 7 (CRL7) was identified as negative regulator of PI3K/AKT signalling in skeletal muscle, but its role in the heart remains to be elucidated. Here, we sought to determine whether CRL7 modulates to cardiac fibrosis following pressure overload and dissect its underlying mechanisms. For inactivation of CRL7, the Cullin 7 (Cul7) gene was deleted in cardiac myocytes (CM) by injection of adeno-associated virus subtype 9 (AAV9) vectors encoding codon improved Cre-recombinase (AAV9-CMV-iCre) in Cul7flox/flox mice. In addition, Myosin Heavy Chain 6 (Myh6; alpha-MHC)-MerCreMer transgenic mice with tamoxifen-induced CM-specific expression of iCre were used as alternate model. After transverse aortic constriction (TAC), causing chronic pressure overload and fibrosis, AAV9-CMV-iCre induced Cul7-/- mice displayed a ~50% reduction of interstitial cardiac fibrosis when compared to Cul7+/+ animals (6.7% vs. 3.4%, p<0.01). Similar results were obtained with Cul7flox/floxMyh6-Mer-Cre-MerTg(1/0) mice which displayed a ~30% reduction of cardiac fibrosis after TAC when compared to Cul7+/+Myh6-Mer-Cre-MerTg(1/0) controls after TAC surgery (12.4% vs. 8.7%, p<0.05). No hemodynamic alterations were observed. AKTSer473 phosphorylation was increased 3-fold (p<0.01) in Cul7-/- vs. control mice, together with a ~78% (p<0.001) reduction of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells three weeks after TAC. In addition, CM-specific expression of a dominant-negative CUL71152stop mutant resulted in a 16.3-fold decrease (p<0.001) of in situ end-labelling (ISEL) positive apoptotic cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate that CM-specific ablation of Cul7 restrains myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis upon pressure overload, and introduce CRL7 as a potential target for anti-fibrotic therapeutic strategies of the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Anger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Scheufele
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Deepak Ramanujam
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathleen Meyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Hidehiro Nakajima
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Loren J. Field
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonio Sarikas
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Blondelle J, Biju A, Lange S. The Role of Cullin-RING Ligases in Striated Muscle Development, Function, and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7936. [PMID: 33114658 PMCID: PMC7672578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The well-orchestrated turnover of proteins in cross-striated muscles is one of the fundamental processes required for muscle cell function and survival. Dysfunction of the intricate protein degradation machinery is often associated with development of cardiac and skeletal muscle myopathies. Most muscle proteins are degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). The UPS involves a number of enzymes, including E3-ligases, which tightly control which protein substrates are marked for degradation by the proteasome. Recent data reveal that E3-ligases of the cullin family play more diverse and crucial roles in cross striated muscles than previously anticipated. This review highlights some of the findings on the multifaceted functions of cullin-RING E3-ligases, their substrate adapters, muscle protein substrates, and regulatory proteins, such as the Cop9 signalosome, for the development of cross striated muscles, and their roles in the etiology of myopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Blondelle
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrea Biju
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stephan Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu H, Zhang CH, Ammanamanchi N, Suresh S, Lewarchik C, Rao K, Uys GM, Han L, Abrial M, Yimlamai D, Ganapathy B, Guillermier C, Chen N, Khaladkar M, Spaethling J, Eberwine JH, Kim J, Walsh S, Choudhury S, Little K, Francis K, Sharma M, Viegas M, Bais A, Kostka D, Ding J, Bar-Joseph Z, Wu Y, Yechoor V, Moulik M, Johnson J, Weinberg J, Reyes-Múgica M, Steinhauser ML, Kühn B. Control of cytokinesis by β-adrenergic receptors indicates an approach for regulating cardiomyocyte endowment. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/513/eaaw6419. [PMID: 31597755 PMCID: PMC8132604 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw6419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
One million patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) live in the United States. They have a lifelong risk of developing heart failure. Current concepts do not sufficiently address mechanisms of heart failure development specifically for these patients. Here, analysis of heart tissue from an infant with tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary stenosis (ToF/PS) labeled with isotope-tagged thymidine demonstrated that cardiomyocyte cytokinesis failure is increased in this common form of CHD. We used single-cell transcriptional profiling to discover that the underlying mechanism of cytokinesis failure is repression of the cytokinesis gene ECT2, downstream of β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs). Inactivation of the β-AR genes and administration of the β-blocker propranolol increased cardiomyocyte division in neonatal mice, which increased the number of cardiomyocytes (endowment) and conferred benefit after myocardial infarction in adults. Propranolol enabled the division of ToF/PS cardiomyocytes in vitro. These results suggest that β-blockers could be evaluated for increasing cardiomyocyte division in patients with ToF/PS and other types of CHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honghai Liu
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research and Division of Cardiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Cheng-Hai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Niyatie Ammanamanchi
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research and Division of Cardiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Sangita Suresh
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher Lewarchik
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research and Division of Cardiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Krithika Rao
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research and Division of Cardiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Gerrida M Uys
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lu Han
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research and Division of Cardiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Maryline Abrial
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dean Yimlamai
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Balakrishnan Ganapathy
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research and Division of Cardiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Christelle Guillermier
- Division of Genetics and Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathalie Chen
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research and Division of Cardiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Mugdha Khaladkar
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 301A/B Lynch Laboratory, 433 S University Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer Spaethling
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James H Eberwine
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Junhyong Kim
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 301A/B Lynch Laboratory, 433 S University Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stuart Walsh
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sangita Choudhury
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kathryn Little
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research and Division of Cardiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Kimberly Francis
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research and Division of Cardiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Mahesh Sharma
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Melita Viegas
- Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Abha Bais
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA
| | - Dennis Kostka
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA.,Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Pittsburgh Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jun Ding
- Computational Biology Department and Machine Learning Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ziv Bar-Joseph
- Computational Biology Department and Machine Learning Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yijen Wu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA.,Rangos Research Center Animal Imaging Core, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Vijay Yechoor
- Diabetes and Beta Cell Biology Center, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15238, USA
| | - Mousumi Moulik
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Jennifer Johnson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.,Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jacqueline Weinberg
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Miguel Reyes-Múgica
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Matthew L Steinhauser
- Division of Genetics and Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bernhard Kühn
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research and Division of Cardiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA. .,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.,Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu W, Reuter S, Field LJ. Targeted expression of cyclin D2 ameliorates late stage anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:960-965. [PMID: 30423020 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used and effective anti-cancer therapeutic. DOX treatment is associated with both acute and late onset cardiotoxicity, limiting its overall efficacy. Here, the impact of cardiomyocyte cell cycle activation was examined in a juvenile model featuring aspects of acute and late onset DOX cardiotoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS Two-week old MHC-cycD2 transgenic mice (which express cyclin D2 in postnatal cardiomyocytes and exhibit sustained cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity; D2 mice) and their wild type (WT) littermates received weekly DOX injections for 5 weeks (25 mg/kg cumulative dose). One week after the last DOX treatment (acute stage), cardiac function was suppressed in both groups. Acute DOX cardiotoxicity in D2 and WT mice was associated with similar increases in the levels of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and Ku70/Ku80 expression (markers of DNA damage and oxidative stress), as well as similar reductions in hypertrophic cardiomyocyte growth. Cardiac dysfunction persisted in WT mice for 13 weeks following the last DOX treatment (late stage) and was accompanied by increased levels of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, Ku expression, and myocardial fibrosis. In contrast, D2 mice exhibited a progressive recovery in cardiac function, which was indistinguishable from saline-treated animals by 9 weeks following the last DOX treatment. Improved cardiac function was accompanied by reductions in the levels of late stage cardiomyocyte apoptosis, Ku expression, and myocardial fibrosis. CONCLUSION These data suggest that cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity can promote recovery of cardiac function and preserve cardiac structure following DOX treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuqiang Zhu
- The Krannert Institute of Cardiology and the Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 West Walnut Street, R4 Building Room W376, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sean Reuter
- The Krannert Institute of Cardiology and the Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 West Walnut Street, R4 Building Room W376, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Loren J Field
- The Krannert Institute of Cardiology and the Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 West Walnut Street, R4 Building Room W376, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Toischer K, Zhu W, Hünlich M, Mohamed BA, Khadjeh S, Reuter SP, Schäfer K, Ramanujam D, Engelhardt S, Field LJ, Hasenfuss G. Cardiomyocyte proliferation prevents failure in pressure overload but not volume overload. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:4285-4296. [PMID: 29083322 DOI: 10.1172/jci81870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of the cell cycle is emerging as an intervention to treat heart failure. Here, we tested the hypothesis that enhanced cardiomyocyte renewal in transgenic mice expressing cyclin D2 would be beneficial during hemodynamic overload. We induced pressure overload by transthoracic aortic constriction (TAC) or volume overload by aortocaval shunt in cyclin D2-expressing and WT mice. Although cyclin D2 expression dramatically improved survival following TAC, it did not confer a survival advantage to mice following aortocaval shunt. Cardiac function decreased following TAC in WT mice, but was preserved in cyclin D2-expressing mice. On the other hand, cardiac structure and function were compromised in response to aortocaval shunt in both WT and cyclin D2-expressing mice. The preserved function and improved survival in cyclin D2-expressing mice after TAC was associated with an approximately 50% increase in cardiomyocyte number and exaggerated cardiac hypertrophy, as indicated by increased septum thickness. Aortocaval shunt did not further impact cardiomyocyte number in mice expressing cyclin D2. Following TAC, cyclin D2 expression attenuated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, fibrosis, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ phosphorylation, brain natriuretic peptide expression, and sustained capillarization. Thus, we show that cyclin D2-induced cardiomyocyte renewal reduced myocardial remodeling and dysfunction after pressure overload but not after volume overload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Toischer
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Wuqiang Zhu
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mark Hünlich
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Belal A Mohamed
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sara Khadjeh
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sean P Reuter
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Katrin Schäfer
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany.,Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Deepak Ramanujam
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Loren J Field
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bageghni SA, Frentzou GA, Drinkhill MJ, Mansfield W, Coverley D, Ainscough JFX. Cardiomyocyte--specific expression of the nuclear matrix protein, CIZ1, stimulates production of mono-nucleated cells with an extended window of proliferation in the postnatal mouse heart. Biol Open 2017; 6:92-99. [PMID: 27934662 PMCID: PMC5278428 DOI: 10.1242/bio.021550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial injury in mammals leads to heart failure through pathological cardiac remodelling that includes hypertrophy, fibrosis and ventricular dilatation. Central to this is inability of the mammalian cardiomyocyte to self-renew due to entering a quiescent state after birth. Modulation of the cardiomyocyte cell-cycle after injury is therefore a target mechanism to limit damage and potentiate repair and regeneration. Here, we show that cardiomyocyte-specific over-expression of the nuclear-matrix-associated DNA replication protein, CIZ1, extends their window of proliferation during cardiac development, delaying onset of terminal differentiation without compromising function. CIZ1-expressing hearts are enlarged, but the cardiomyocytes are smaller with an overall increase in number, correlating with increased DNA replication after birth and retention of an increased proportion of mono-nucleated cardiomyocytes into adulthood. Furthermore, these CIZ1 induced changes in the heart reduce the impact of myocardial injury, identifying CIZ1 as a putative therapeutic target for cardiac repair. Summary: An inducible mouse model was developed to show that CIZ1 extends the window of cardiomyocyte proliferation and reduces the impact of injury on cardiac function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dawn Coverley
- Biology Department, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Justin F X Ainscough
- LICAMM, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK .,Biology Department, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xi J, Zeng ST, Guo L, Feng J. High Expression of Cullin7 Correlates with Unfavorable Prognosis in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Patients. Cancer Invest 2016; 34:130-6. [PMID: 26962950 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2015.1114123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin ligase Cullin7 has been has been suggested to act as an oncogene in some tumors; however, the prognostic role of Cullin7 has not been evaluated in cancer patients. In this study, we observed that the expression of Cullin7 mRNA was significantly higher in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) compared with normal ovarian surface tissues. In addition, Cullin7 expression was related to FIGO stage (p = .001) and lymph node metastasis (p = .033). Furthermore, Cullin7 overexpression inhibited the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. These results suggest that Cullin7 may serve as an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with EOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xi
- a Department of Gynecology , Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University , Cangzhou , China
| | - Sai-Tian Zeng
- a Department of Gynecology , Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University , Cangzhou , China
| | - Liang Guo
- a Department of Gynecology , Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University , Cangzhou , China
| | - Jing Feng
- a Department of Gynecology , Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University , Cangzhou , China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Recombinant neuregulin 1 does not activate cardiomyocyte DNA synthesis in normal or infarcted adult mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115871. [PMID: 25545368 PMCID: PMC4278834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Neuregulin 1 signaling plays an important role in cardiac trabecular development, and in sustaining functional integrity in adult hearts. Treatment with neuregulin 1 enhances adult cardiomyocyte differentiation, survival and/or function in vitro and in vivo. It has also been suggested that recombinant neuregulin 1β1 (NRG1β1) induces cardiomyocyte proliferation in normal and injured adult hearts. Here we further explore the impact of neuregulin 1 signaling on adult cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity. Methods and Results Adult mice were subjected to 9 consecutive daily injections of recombinant NRG1β1 or vehicle, and cardiomyocyte DNA synthesis was quantitated via bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, which was delivered using mini-osmotic pumps over the entire duration of NRG1β1 treatment. NRG1β1 treatment inhibited baseline rates of cardiomyocyte DNA synthesis in normal mice (cardiomyocyte labelling index: 0.019±0.005% vs. 0.003±0.001%, saline vs. NRG1β1, P<0.05). Acute NRG1β1 treatment did result in activation of Erk1/2 and cardiac myosin regulatory light chain (down-stream mediators of neuregulin signalling), as well as activation of DNA synthesis in non-cardiomyocytes, validating the biological activity of the recombinant protein. In other studies, mice were subjected to permanent coronary artery occlusion, and cardiomyocyte DNA synthesis was monitored via tritiated thymidine incorporation which was delivered as a single injection 7 days post-infarction. Daily NRG1β1 treatment had no impact on cardiomyocyte DNA synthesis in the infarcted myocardium (cardiomyocyte labelling index: 0.039±0.011% vs. 0.027±0.021%, saline vs. NRG1β1, P>0.05). Summary These data indicate that NRG1β1 treatment does not increase cardiomyocyte DNA synthesis (and consequently does not increase the rate of cardiomyocyte renewal) in normal or infarcted adult mouse hearts. Thus, any improvement in cardiac structure and function observed following neuregulin treatment of injured hearts likely occurs independently of overt myocardial regeneration.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhu W, Zhang W, Shou W, Field LJ. P53 inhibition exacerbates late-stage anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 103:81-9. [PMID: 24812279 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective anti-cancer therapeutic, but is associated with both acute and late-stage cardiotoxicity. Children are particularly sensitive to DOX-induced heart failure. Here, the impact of p53 inhibition on acute vs. late-stage DOX cardiotoxicity was examined in a juvenile model. METHODS AND RESULTS Two-week-old MHC-CB7 mice (which express dominant-interfering p53 in cardiomyocytes) and their non-transgenic (NON-TXG) littermates received weekly DOX injections for 5 weeks (25 mg/kg cumulative dose). One week after the last DOX treatment (acute stage), MHC-CB7 mice exhibited improved cardiac function and lower levels of cardiomyocyte apoptosis when compared with the NON-TXG mice. Surprisingly, by 13 weeks following the last DOX treatment (late stage), MHC-CB7 exhibited a progressive decrease in cardiac function and higher rates of cardiomyocyte apoptosis when compared with NON-TXG mice. p53 inhibition blocked transient DOX-induced STAT3 activation in MHC-CB7 mice, which was associated with enhanced induction of the DNA repair proteins Ku70 and Ku80. Mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted deletion of STAT3 exhibited worse cardiac function, higher levels of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and a greater induction of Ku70 and Ku80 in response to DOX treatment during the acute stage when compared with control animals. CONCLUSION These data support a model wherein a p53-dependent cardioprotective pathway, mediated via STAT3 activation, mitigates DOX-induced myocardial stress during drug delivery. Furthermore, these data suggest an explanation as to how p53 inhibition can result in cardioprotection during drug treatment and, paradoxically, enhanced cardiotoxicity long after the cessation of drug treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuqiang Zhu
- The Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, 1044 West Walnut Street; R4 Building Room W376, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- The Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, 1044 West Walnut Street; R4 Building Room W376, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
| | - Weinian Shou
- The Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, 1044 West Walnut Street; R4 Building Room W376, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
| | - Loren J Field
- The Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, 1044 West Walnut Street; R4 Building Room W376, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA The Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stoyanova V, Zhelev N. Alterations in Protein P53 Expression During the Development of Pressure Overload-Induced Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Rats. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2008.10817592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
14
|
Xiong JW, Chang NN. Recent advances in heart regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 99:160-9. [PMID: 24078494 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although cardiac stem cells (CSCs) and tissue engineering are very promising for cardiac regenerative medicine, studies with model organisms for heart regeneration will provide alternative therapeutic targets and opportunities. Here, we present a review on heart regeneration, with a particular focus on the most recent work in mouse and zebrafish. We attempt to summarize the recent progresses and bottlenecks of CSCs and tissue engineering for heart regeneration; and emphasize what we have learned from mouse and zebrafish regenerative models on discovering crucial genetic and epigenetic factors for stimulating heart regeneration; and speculate the potential application of these regenerative factors for heart failure. A brief perspective highlights several important and promising research directions in this exciting field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wei Xiong
- are from Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Cardiac regenerative therapies seek to grow new myocardium after "irreversible" injury such as myocardial infarction. Various cell types and delivery techniques have been used in experimental models of human disease and clinical trials. When selecting a candidate stem cell type for clinical use, multiple factors need to be taken into consideration. The ability to regenerate myocardium without potentiating arrhythmogenesis is a critical property. Skeletal myoblasts engraft, differentiate, and are arrhythmogenic; in contrast, bone marrow-derived cells do not engraft long-term and have not been associated with excess arrhythmias. Neither cell type, however, achieves true myocardial regeneration. Recognition of the existence of cardiac stem cells and of the ability of mature myocytes to reenter the cell cycle and proliferate has motivated the development of new approaches to cardiac regenerative medicine. Cardiosphere-derived cells decrease scar mass and regenerate viable myocardium both in animal models and in the CADUCEUS (Cardiosphere-Derived Cells For Heart Regeneration After Myocardial Infarction) clinical trial. Although cardiosphere-derived cells fulfill the criteria for stem cells, their stemness appears not to mediate the therapeutic benefit; instead, indirect mechanisms lead to proliferation of the host myocardium. Being of endogenous origin, the newly grown heart muscle is electrically and mechanically well integrated with preexisting myocardial tissue. We hypothesize that cardiac arrhythmias are less likely to complicate cell therapy when the mechanisms of benefit involve secondary proliferation of endogenous myocardium. Conversely, arrhythmias will more likely bedevil therapeutic approaches (such as transplantation of skeletal myoblasts or pluripotent stem cells) that lead to exogenous grafts within the heart, with the degree of coupling and the extent of inhomogeneity being critical determinants of the net effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Marbán
- Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tao W, Shi J, Dorn GW, Wei L, Rubart M. Spatial variability in T-tubule and electrical remodeling of left ventricular epicardium in mouse hearts with transgenic Gαq overexpression-induced pathological hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 53:409-19. [PMID: 22728217 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pathological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is consistently associated with prolongation of the ventricular action potentials. A number of previous studies, employing various experimental models of hypertrophy, have revealed marked differences in the effects of hypertrophy on action potential duration (APD) between myocytes from endocardial and epicardial layers of the LV free wall. It is not known, however, whether pathological LVH is also accompanied by redistribution of APD among myocytes from the same layer in the LV free wall. In the experiments here, LV epicardial action potential remodeling was examined in a mouse model of decompensated LVH, produced by cardiac-restricted transgenic Gαq overexpression. Confocal linescanning-based optical recordings of propagated action potentials from individual in situ cardiomyocytes across the outer layer of the anterior LV epicardium demonstrated spatially non-uniform action potential prolongation in transgenic hearts, giving rise to alterations in spatial dispersion of epicardial repolarization. Local density and distribution of anti-Cx43 mmune reactivity in Gαq hearts were unchanged compared to wild-type hearts, suggesting preservation of intercellular coupling. Confocal microscopy also revealed heterogeneous disorganization of T-tubules in epicardial cardiomyocytes in situ. These data provide evidence of the existence of significant electrical and structural heterogeneity within the LV epicardial layer of hearts with transgenic Gαq overexpression-induced hypertrophy, and further support the notion that a small portion of electrically well connected LV tissue can maintain dispersion of action potential duration through heterogeneity in the activities of sarcolemmal ionic currents that control repolarization. It remains to be examined whether other experimental models of pathological LVH, including pressure overload LVH, similarly exhibit alterations in T-tubule organization and/or dispersion of repolarization within distinct layers of LV myocardium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tao
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lange S, Perera S, Teh P, Chen J. Obscurin and KCTD6 regulate cullin-dependent small ankyrin-1 (sAnk1.5) protein turnover. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:2490-504. [PMID: 22573887 PMCID: PMC3386213 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-01-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Small ankyrin-1 isoform 5 (sAnk1.5) turnover is regulated by posttranslational modification (ubiquitylation, neddylation, and acetylation), the presence of obscurin, and KCTD6 (a novel tissue-specific interaction partner). KCTD6 links sAnk1.5 to cullin-3. The absence of obscurin results in translocation of sAnk1.5/KCTD6 to the Z-disk and loss of sAnk1.5 on the protein level. Protein turnover through cullin-3 is tightly regulated by posttranslational modifications, the COP9 signalosome, and BTB/POZ-domain proteins that link cullin-3 to specific substrates for ubiquitylation. In this paper, we report how potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 6 (KCTD6) represents a novel substrate adaptor for cullin-3, effectively regulating protein levels of the muscle small ankyrin-1 isoform 5 (sAnk1.5). Binding of sAnk1.5 to KCTD6, and its subsequent turnover is regulated through posttranslational modification by nedd8, ubiquitin, and acetylation of C-terminal lysine residues. The presence of the sAnk1.5 binding partner obscurin, and mutation of lysine residues increased sAnk1.5 protein levels, as did knockdown of KCTD6 in cardiomyocytes. Obscurin knockout muscle displayed reduced sAnk1.5 levels and mislocalization of the sAnk1.5/KCTD6 complex. Scaffolding functions of obscurin may therefore prevent activation of the cullin-mediated protein degradation machinery and ubiquitylation of sAnk1.5 through sequestration of sAnk1.5/KCTD6 at the sarcomeric M-band, away from the Z-disk–associated cullin-3. The interaction of KCTD6 with ankyrin-1 may have implications beyond muscle for hereditary spherocytosis, as KCTD6 is also present in erythrocytes, and erythrocyte ankyrin isoforms contain its mapped minimal binding site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Lange
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0613, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Vyas PM, Tomamichel WJ, Pride PM, Babbey CM, Wang Q, Mercier J, Martin EM, Payne RM. A TAT-frataxin fusion protein increases lifespan and cardiac function in a conditional Friedreich's ataxia mouse model. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:1230-47. [PMID: 22113996 PMCID: PMC3284115 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is the most common inherited human ataxia and results from a deficiency of the mitochondrial protein, frataxin (FXN), which is encoded in the nucleus. This deficiency is associated with an iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster enzyme deficit leading to progressive ataxia and a frequently fatal cardiomyopathy. There is no cure. To determine whether exogenous replacement of the missing FXN protein in mitochondria would repair the defect, we used the transactivator of transcription (TAT) protein transduction domain to deliver human FXN protein to mitochondria in both cultured patient cells and a severe mouse model of FRDA. A TAT-FXN fusion protein bound iron in vitro, transduced into mitochondria of FRDA deficient fibroblasts and reduced caspase-3 activation in response to an exogenous iron-oxidant stress. Injection of TAT-FXN protein into mice with a conditional loss of FXN increased their growth velocity and mean lifespan by 53% increased their mean heart rate and cardiac output, increased activity of aconitase and reversed abnormal mitochondrial proliferation and ultrastructure in heart. These results show that a cell-penetrant peptide is capable of delivering a functional mitochondrial protein in vivo to rescue a very severe disease phenotype, and present the possibility of TAT-FXN as a protein replacement therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piyush M. Vyas
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Wendy J. Tomamichel
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - P. Melanie Pride
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Clifford M. Babbey
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Qiujuan Wang
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jennifer Mercier
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Martin
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - R. Mark Payne
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Knöll R, Linke WA, Zou P, Miocic S, Kostin S, Buyandelger B, Ku CH, Neef S, Bug M, Schäfer K, Knöll G, Felkin LE, Wessels J, Toischer K, Hagn F, Kessler H, Didié M, Quentin T, Maier LS, Teucher N, Unsöld B, Schmidt A, Birks EJ, Gunkel S, Lang P, Granzier H, Zimmermann WH, Field LJ, Faulkner G, Dobbelstein M, Barton PJR, Sattler M, Wilmanns M, Chien KR. Telethonin deficiency is associated with maladaptation to biomechanical stress in the mammalian heart. Circ Res 2011; 109:758-69. [PMID: 21799151 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.245787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Telethonin (also known as titin-cap or t-cap) is a 19-kDa Z-disk protein with a unique β-sheet structure, hypothesized to assemble in a palindromic way with the N-terminal portion of titin and to constitute a signalosome participating in the process of cardiomechanosensing. In addition, a variety of telethonin mutations are associated with the development of several different diseases; however, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms and telethonin's in vivo function. OBJECTIVE Here we aim to investigate the role of telethonin in vivo and to identify molecular mechanisms underlying disease as a result of its mutation. METHODS AND RESULTS By using a variety of different genetically altered animal models and biophysical experiments we show that contrary to previous views, telethonin is not an indispensable component of the titin-anchoring system, nor is deletion of the gene or cardiac specific overexpression associated with a spontaneous cardiac phenotype. Rather, additional titin-anchorage sites, such as actin-titin cross-links via α-actinin, are sufficient to maintain Z-disk stability despite the loss of telethonin. We demonstrate that a main novel function of telethonin is to modulate the turnover of the proapoptotic tumor suppressor p53 after biomechanical stress in the nuclear compartment, thus linking telethonin, a protein well known to be present at the Z-disk, directly to apoptosis ("mechanoptosis"). In addition, loss of telethonin mRNA and nuclear accumulation of this protein is associated with human heart failure, an effect that may contribute to enhanced rates of apoptosis found in these hearts. CONCLUSIONS Telethonin knockout mice do not reveal defective heart development or heart function under basal conditions, but develop heart failure following biomechanical stress, owing at least in part to apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, an effect that may also play a role in human heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Knöll
- Imperial College, National Heart & Lung Institute, British Heart Foundation, Centre for Research Excellence, Myocardial Genetics, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Coexpression of VEGF and angiopoietin-1 promotes angiogenesis and cardiomyocyte proliferation reduces apoptosis in porcine myocardial infarction (MI) heart. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:2064-9. [PMID: 21245320 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1018925108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
VEGF and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) are two major angiogenic factors being investigated for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). Targeting VEGF and Ang1 expression in the ischemic myocardium can increase their local therapeutic effects and reduce possible adverse effects. Adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) expressing cardiac-specific and hypoxia-inducible VEGF [AAV-myosin light chain-2v (MLC)VEGF] and Ang1 (AAV-MLCAng1) were coinjected (VEGF/Ang1 group) into six different sites of the porcine myocardium at the peri-infarct zone immediately after ligating the left descending coronary artery. An identical dose of AAV-Cytomegalovirus (CMV)LacZ or saline was injected into control animals. AAV genomes were detected in the liver in addition to the heart. RT-PCR, Western blotting, and ELISA analyses showed that VEGF and Ang1 were predominantly expressed in the myocardium in the infarct core and border of the infarct heart. Gated single-photon emission computed tomography analyses showed that the VEGF/Ang1 group had better cardiac function and myocardial perfusion at 8 wk than at 2 wk after vector injection. Compared with the saline and LacZ controls, the VEGF/Ang1 group expressed higher phosphorylated Akt and Bcl-xL, less Caspase-3 and Bad, and had higher vascular density, more proliferating cardiomyocytes, and less apoptotic cells in the infarct and peri-infarct zones. Thus, cardiac-specific and hypoxia-induced coexpression of VEGF and Ang1 improves the perfusion and function of porcine MI heart through the induction of angiogenesis and cardiomyocyte proliferation, activation of prosurvival pathways, and reduction of cell apoptosis.
Collapse
|
22
|
Inhibition of p53 after acute myocardial infarction: reduction of apoptosis is counteracted by disturbed scar formation and cardiac rupture. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 50:471-8. [PMID: 21074539 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis, partially mediated through p53 signaling pathway, plays a crucial role in the progression of pathological remodeling and heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). We hypothesized that pifithrin-alpha (PFTa), a synthetic p53 inhibitor, would suppress cardiac apoptosis through the disruption of p53-dependent transcriptional activation and thereby improve heart function in a mouse model of MI. In our experiments we show that PFTa blocked p53 transcriptional activity and attenuated H(2)O(2)-induced cardiac apoptosis in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Additionally, administration of PFTa in mice after acute MI in vivo led to a significant reduction of cardiomyocyte apoptosis but in parallel caused an increase of infarct size and significantly reduced 7-day survival rate. Subsequent analysis revealed significantly reduced proliferation and cell number, diminished collagen deposition, and elevated MMP-2 activity at the infarct zone of PFTa-treated hearts. In homozygous p53 deficient mice (p53(-/-)), however, PFTa treatment did not interfere with scar formation and did not increase MMP-2 activity after MI. Collectively, our data suggest that although p53-inhibition through PFTa reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis, in the setting of acute MI this assumed beneficial effect is severely counteracted by the adverse remodeling of the infarct zone. PFTa increases MMP-2 activity in a p53-dependent manner, which seems a major contributor to instability of the forming scar and consequently leads to infarct progression and ventricular rupture.
Collapse
|
23
|
Dobrin JS, Lebeche D. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: signaling defects and therapeutic approaches. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2010; 8:373-91. [PMID: 20222816 DOI: 10.1586/erc.10.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the world's fastest growing disease with high morbidity and mortality rates, predominantly as a result of heart failure. A significant number of diabetic patients exhibit diabetic cardiomyopathy; that is, left ventricular dysfunction independent of coronary artery disease or hypertension. The pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy is complex, and is characterized by dysregulated lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction and disturbances in adipokine secretion and signaling. These abnormalities lead to impaired calcium homeostasis, ultimately resulting in lusitropic and inotropic defects. This article discusses the impact of these hallmark factors in diabetic cardiomyopathy, and concludes with a survey of available and emerging therapeutic modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Dobrin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hassink RJ, Nakajima H, Nakajima HO, Doevendans PA, Field LJ. Expression of a transgene encoding mutant p193/CUL7 preserves cardiac function and limits infarct expansion after myocardial infarction. Heart 2009; 95:1159-64. [PMID: 19435717 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2008.150128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgenic mice expressing the dominant interfering p193 protein in cardiomyocytes (MHC-1152stop mice) exhibit an induction of cell cycle activity and altered remodelling after experimental myocardial infarction (MI). OBJECTIVE To determine whether the altered remodelling results in improved cardiac function in the MHC-1152stop mice after MI, as compared with non-transgenic mice. METHODS MHC-1152stop mice and non-transgenic littermates were subjected to experimental MI via permanent occlusion of the coronary artery. Infarct size was determined at 24 h and at 4 weeks after MI, and left ventricular pressure-volume measurements were performed at 4 weeks after MI in infarcted and sham-operated animals. RESULTS Infarct size in MHC-1152stop mice and non-transgenic littermates was not statistically different at 24 h after MI, as measured by tetrazolium staining. Morphometric analysis showed that infarct scar expansion at 4 weeks after MI was reduced by 10% in the MHC-1152stop mice (p<0.05). No differences in cardiac function were detected between sham-operated MHC-1152stop mice and their non-transgenic littermates. However, at 4 weeks after MI, the ventricular isovolumic relaxation time constant (tau) was decreased by 19% (p<0.05), and the slope of the dP/dt(max)-EDV relationship was increased 99% (p<0.05), in infarcted MHC-1152stop mice as compared with infarcted non-transgenic littermates. CONCLUSION Expression of the dominant interfering p193 transgene results in a decrease in infarct scar expansion and preservation of myocardial function at 4 weeks after MI. Antagonism of p193 activity may represent an important strategy for the treatment of MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R J Hassink
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Murry
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Laguens RP, Crottogini AJ. Cardiac regeneration: the gene therapy approach. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2009; 9:411-25. [DOI: 10.1517/14712590902806364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
27
|
Zaglia T, Dedja A, Candiotto C, Cozzi E, Schiaffino S, Ausoni S. Cardiac interstitial cells express GATA4 and control dedifferentiation and cell cycle re-entry of adult cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2008; 46:653-62. [PMID: 19162035 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial cells of the adult rat heart were characterized with respect to i) expression of cardiac markers of commitment and differentiation, ii) myogenic potential in vitro and iii) ability to modulate cardiomyocyte differentiation state. We demonstrate for the first time that fibroblasts and a proportion of pericytes in the adult rat heart express the transcription factor GATA4. This appears to be a peculiar property of the heart. Fibroblasts that are also derived from the splanchnopleuric mesoderm, such as those of the gut, or fibroblasts of different embryological origin, such as those of skin and skeletal muscle, lack this property. Of note, a nestin+/GATA4+ putative stem cell population is also detected in the adult heart. GATA4+ cardiac interstitial cells do not display myogenic potential in vitro. However, cardiac fibroblasts, but not skin fibroblasts, stimulate dedifferentiation of adult cardiomyocytes and their re-entry into the cell cycle in vitro, as demonstrated by the high number of cardiomyocytes expressing Ki67, phosphorylated histone H3 (H3P) and incorporating 5-bromodeoxiuridine (BrdU) in the co-cultures. In conclusion, cardiac fibroblasts have peculiar expression of myogenic transcription factors, a property that may have an impact for reprogramming these cells to the myogenic differentiation. In addition, they are able to modulate the behavior of adult cardiomyocytes, a property that may be used to promote dedifferentiation and proliferation of cardiac cells in the damaged myocardium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Zaglia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhu W, Soonpaa MH, Chen H, Shen W, Payne RM, Liechty EA, Caldwell RL, Shou W, Field LJ. Acute doxorubicin cardiotoxicity is associated with p53-induced inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Circulation 2008; 119:99-106. [PMID: 19103993 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.108.799700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin is used to treat childhood and adult cancer. Doxorubicin treatment is associated with both acute and chronic cardiotoxicity. The cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin are cumulative, which limits its chemotherapeutic dose. Free radical generation and p53-dependent apoptosis are thought to contribute to doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult transgenic (MHC-CB7) mice expressing cardiomyocyte-restricted dominant-interfering p53 and their nontransgenic littermates were treated with doxorubicin (20 mg/kg cumulative dose). Nontransgenic mice exhibited reduced left ventricular systolic function (predoxorubicin fractional shortening [FS] 61+/-2%, postdoxorubicin FS 45+/-2%, mean+/-SEM, P<0.008), reduced cardiac mass, and high levels of cardiomyocyte apoptosis 7 days after the initiation of doxorubicin treatment. In contrast, doxorubicin-treated MHC-CB7 mice exhibited normal left ventricular systolic function (predoxorubicin FS 63+/-2%, postdoxorubicin FS 60+/-2%, P>0.008), normal cardiac mass, and low levels of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Western blot analyses indicated that mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling was inhibited in doxorubicin-treated nontransgenic mice but not in doxorubicin-treated MHC-CB7 mice. Accordingly, transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted, constitutively active mTOR expression (MHC-mTORca) were studied. Left ventricular systolic function (predoxorubicin FS 64+/-2%, postdoxorubicin FS 60+/-3%, P>0.008) and cardiac mass were normal in doxorubicin-treated MHC-mTORca mice, despite levels of cardiomyocyte apoptosis similar to those seen in doxorubicin-treated nontransgenic mice. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that doxorubicin treatment induces acute cardiac dysfunction and reduces cardiac mass via p53-dependent inhibition of mTOR signaling and that loss of myocardial mass, and not cardiomyocyte apoptosis, is the major contributor to acute doxorubicin cardiotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuqiang Zhu
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
The expression of p53 and p16 in the course of microcystin-LR inducing of liver tumor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10330-008-0137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
30
|
Lorts A, Schwanekamp JA, Elrod JW, Sargent MA, Molkentin JD. Genetic manipulation of periostin expression in the heart does not affect myocyte content, cell cycle activity, or cardiac repair. Circ Res 2008; 104:e1-7. [PMID: 19038863 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.108.188649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Following a pathological insult, the adult mammalian heart undergoes hypertrophic growth and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Although a small subpopulation of cardiomyocytes can reenter the cell cycle following cardiac injury, the myocardium is largely thought to be incapable of significant regeneration. Periostin, an extracellular matrix protein, has recently been proposed to induce reentry of differentiated cardiomyocytes back into the cell cycle and promote meaningful repair following myocardial infarction. Here, we show that although periostin is induced in the heart following injury, it does not stimulate DNA synthesis, mitosis, or cytokinesis of cardiomyocytes in vitro or in vivo. Mice lacking the gene encoding periostin and mice with inducible overexpression of full-length periostin were analyzed at baseline and after myocardial infarction. There was no difference in heart size or a change in cardiomyocyte number in either periostin transgenic or gene-targeted mice at baseline. Quantification of proliferating myocytes in the periinfarct area showed no difference between periostin-overexpressing and -null mice compared with strain-matched controls. In support of these observations, neither overexpression of periostin in cell culture, via an adenoviral vector, nor stimulation with recombinant protein induced DNA synthesis, mitosis, or cytokinesis. Periostin is a regulator of cardiac remodeling and hypertrophy and may be a reasonable pharmacological target to mitigate heart failure, but manipulation of this protein appears to have no obvious effect on myocardial regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lorts
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent antitumor agent. DOX can also induce cardiotoxicity, and high cumulative doses are associated with recalcitrant heart failure. Children are particularly sensitive to DOX-induced heart failure. The ability to genetically modify mice makes them an ideal experimental system to study the molecular basis of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. However, most mouse DOX studies rely on acute drug administration in adult animals, which typically are analyzed within 1 wk. Here, we describe a juvenile mouse model of chronic DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction. DOX treatment was initiated at 2 wk of age and continued for a period of 5 wk (25 mg/kg cumulative dose). This resulted in a decline in cardiac systolic function, which was accompanied by marked atrophy of the heart, low levels of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and decreased growth velocity. Other animals were allowed to recover for 13 wk after the final DOX injection. Cardiac systolic function improved during this recovery period but remained depressed compared with the saline injected controls, despite the reversal of cardiac atrophy. Interestingly, increased levels of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and concomitant myocardial fibrosis were observed after DOX withdrawal. These data suggest that different mechanisms contribute to cardiac dysfunction during the treatment and recovery phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuqiang Zhu
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 26202, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sarikas A, Xu X, Field LJ, Pan ZQ. The cullin7 E3 ubiquitin ligase: a novel player in growth control. Cell Cycle 2008; 7:3154-61. [PMID: 18927510 PMCID: PMC2637179 DOI: 10.4161/cc.7.20.6922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cullin7 (CUL7) is a molecular scaffold that organizes an E3 ubiquitin ligase containing the F-box protein Fbw8, Skp1 and the ROC1 RING finger protein. Dysregulation of the CUL7 E3 Ligase has been directly linked to hereditary human diseases as cul7 germline mutations were found in patients with autosomal-recessive 3-M and Yakuts short stature syndromes, which are characterized by profound pre- and postnatal growth retardation. In addition, genetic ablation of CUL7 in mice resulted in intrauterine growth retardation and perinatal lethality, underscoring its importance for growth regulation. The recent identification of insulin receptor substrate 1, a critical mediator of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling, as the proteolytic target of the CUL7 E3 ligase, provided a molecular link between CUL7 and a well-established growth regulatory pathway. This result, coupled with other studies demonstrating interactions between CUL7 and the p53 tumor suppressor protein, as well as the simian virus 40 large T antigen oncoprotein, further implicated CUL7 as a novel player in growth control and suggested pathomechanistic insights into CUL7-linked growth retardation syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sarikas
- Department of Oncological Sciences; The Mount Sinai School of Medicine; New York, New York USA
| | - Xinsong Xu
- Department of Oncological Sciences; The Mount Sinai School of Medicine; New York, New York USA
| | - Loren J. Field
- Indiana University School of Medicine; Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Krannert Institute of Cardiology; Indianapolis, Indiana USA
| | - Zhen-Qiang Pan
- Department of Oncological Sciences; The Mount Sinai School of Medicine; New York, New York USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ebelt H, Zhang Y, Köhler K, Xu J, Gajawada P, Boettger T, Hollemann T, Müller-Werdan U, Werdan K, Braun T. Directed expression of dominant-negative p73 enables proliferation of cardiomyocytes in mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2008; 45:411-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
34
|
Crisostomo PR, Abarbanell AM, Wang M, Lahm T, Wang Y, Meldrum DR. Embryonic stem cells attenuate myocardial dysfunction and inflammation after surgical global ischemia via paracrine actions. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 295:H1726-35. [PMID: 18723770 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00236.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell treatment may positively influence recovery and inflammation after shock by multiple mechanisms, including the paracrine release of protective growth factors. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are understudied and may have greater protective power than adult bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). We hypothesized that ESC paracrine protective mechanisms in the heart (decreased injury by enhanced growth factor-mediated reduction of proinflammatory cytokines) would be superior to the paracrine protective mechanisms of the adult stem cell population in a model of surgically induced global ischemia. Adult Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were isolated and perfused via Langendorff model. Hearts were subjected to 25 min of warm global ischemia and 40 min of reperfusion and were randomly assigned into one of four groups: 1) vehicle treated; 2) BMSC or ESC preischemic treatment; 3) BMSC or ESC postischemic treatment; and 4) BMSC- or ESC-conditioned media treatment. Myocardial function was recorded, and hearts were analyzed for expression of tissue cytokines and growth factors (ELISA). Additionally, ESCs and BMSCs in culture were assessed for growth factor production (ELISA). ESC-treated hearts demonstrated significantly greater postischemic recovery of function (left ventricular developed pressure, end-diastolic pressure, and maximal positive and negative values of the first derivative of pressure) than BMSC-treated hearts or controls at end reperfusion. ESC-conditioned media (without cells) also conferred cardioprotection at end reperfusion. ESC-infused hearts demonstrated increased VEGF and IL-10 production compared with BMSC hearts. ESC hearts also exhibited decreased proinflammatory cytokine expression compared with MSC hearts. Moreover, ESCs in cell culture demonstrated greater pluripotency than MSCs. ESC paracrine protective mechanisms in surgical ischemia are superior to those of adult stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Crisostomo
- Departments of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ebelt H, Zhang Y, Kampke A, Xu J, Schlitt A, Buerke M, Müller-Werdan U, Werdan K, Braun T. E2F2 expression induces proliferation of terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes in vivo. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 80:219-26. [PMID: 18628254 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS In previous experiments we have demonstrated that expression of the transcription factors E2F2 and E2F4 is sufficient to induce proliferation of isolated primary cardiomyocytes from newborn rats and mice. We now wanted to analyse whether E2F2 or E2F4 are also able to promote cell cycle progression of adult cardiomyocytes in vivo, which unlike cardiomyocytes from newborn rodents lack the ability to undergo cell proliferation. METHODS AND RESULTS E2F2 or E2F4 was expressed in hearts of mice at different developmental stages using adenoviral vectors. Effects regarding proliferation, hypertrophy, and apoptosis were analysed on histological sections, and quantitative assessment of cell cycle regulatory genes was performed by real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and western blot. We found that both E2F2 and E2F4 can stimulate hypertrophic cell growth of cardiomyocytes. However, only directed expression of E2F2 but not of E2F4 was sufficient to induce proliferation of cardiomyocytes. Expression of E2F2 in vivo did not increase the percentage of apoptotic cardiomyocytes but down-regulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic genes caspase-6 and apaf-1. Further analysis of the cell cycle regulatory machinery revealed that expression of E2F2 caused a strong induction of cyclin A and E while the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) such as p21 was not affected. CONCLUSION We conclude that a limited induction of cardiomyocyte cell proliferation can be achieved by E2F2-mediated stimulation of cyclin A and E expression without a reduction of CKIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Ebelt
- Department of Medicine III, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, 06097 Halle, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tamamori-Adachi M, Takagi H, Hashimoto K, Goto K, Hidaka T, Koshimizu U, Yamada K, Goto I, Maejima Y, Isobe M, Nakayama KI, Inomata N, Kitajima S. Cardiomyocyte proliferation and protection against post-myocardial infarction heart failure by cyclin D1 and Skp2 ubiquitin ligase. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 80:181-90. [PMID: 18596061 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cyclins and other cell-cycle regulators have been used in several studies to regenerate cardiomyocytes in ischaemic heart failure. However, proliferation of cardiomyocytes induced by nuclear-targeted cyclin D1 (D1NLS) stops after one or two rounds of cell cycles due in part to accumulation of p27Kip1, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK). Thus, expression of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), a negative regulator of p27Kip1, significantly enhances the effect of D1NLS and CDK4 on cardiomyocyte proliferation in vitro. Here, we examined whether Skp2 can also improve cardiomyocyte regeneration and post-ischaemic cardiac performance in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Wistar rats underwent ischaemia/reperfusion injury by ligation of the coronary artery followed by injection of adenovirus vectors for D1NLS and CDK4 with or without Skp2. Enhanced proliferation of cardiomyocytes in the presence of Skp2 was demonstrated by increased expression of Ki67, a marker of proliferating cells (1.95% vs. 4.00%), and mitotic phosphorylated histone H3 (0.24% vs. 0.58%). Compared with rats that received only D1NLS and CDK4, expression of Skp2 improved left ventricular function as measured by the maximum and minimum rates of change in left ventricular pressure, the left ventricle end-diastolic pressure, left ventricle end-diastolic volume index, and the lung/body weight ratio. CONCLUSION Expression of Skp2 enhanced the effect of D1NLS and CDK4 on the proliferation of cardiomyocytes and further contributed to improved post-ischaemic cardiac function. Skp2 might be a versatile tool to improve the effect of cyclins on post-ischaemic regeneration of cardiomyocytes in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Tamamori-Adachi
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute and Laboratory for Gene Structure and Regulation, School of Biomedical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cardiac cell therapy: A realistic concept for elderly patients? Exp Gerontol 2008; 43:679-690. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2008.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 05/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
38
|
Li M, Naqvi N, Yahiro E, Liu K, Powell PC, Bradley WE, Martin DIK, Graham RM, Dell'Italia LJ, Husain A. c-kit is required for cardiomyocyte terminal differentiation. Circ Res 2008; 102:677-85. [PMID: 18258857 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.107.161737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
c-kit, the transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor for stem cell factor, is required for melanocyte and mast cell development, hematopoiesis, and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells. We show here that in the heart, c-kit is expressed not only by cardiac stem cells but also by cardiomyocytes, commencing immediately after birth and terminating a few days later, coincident with the onset of cardiomyocyte terminal differentiation. To examine the function of c-kit in cardiomyocyte terminal differentiation, we used compound heterozygous mice carrying the W (null) and W(v) (dominant negative) mutations of c-kit. In vivo, adult W/W(v) cardiomyocytes are phenotypically indistinguishable from their wild-type counterparts. After acute pressure overload adult W/W(v) cardiomyocytes reenter the cell cycle and proliferate, leading to left ventricular growth; furthermore in transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted overexpression of the dominant negative W(v) mutant, pressure overload causes cardiomyocytes to reenter the cell cycle. In contrast, in wild-type mice left ventricular growth after pressure overload results mainly from cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Importantly, W/W(v) mice with pressure overload-induced cardiomyocyte hyperplasia had improved left ventricular function and survival. In W/W(v) mice, c-kit dysfunction also resulted in an approximately 14-fold decrease (P<0.01) in the number of c-kit(+)/GATA4(+) cardiac progenitors. These findings identify novel functions for c-kit: promotion of cardiac stem cell differentiation and regulation of cardiomyocyte terminal differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hassink RJ, Pasumarthi KB, Nakajima H, Rubart M, Soonpaa MH, de la Rivière AB, Doevendans PA, Field LJ. Cardiomyocyte cell cycle activation improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res 2007; 78:18-25. [PMID: 18079102 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvm101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiomyocyte loss is a major contributor to the decreased cardiac function observed in diseased hearts. Previous studies have shown that cardiomyocyte-restricted cyclin D2 expression resulted in sustained cell cycle activity following myocardial injury in transgenic (MHC-cycD2) mice. Here, we investigated the effects of this cell cycle activation on cardiac function following myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS AND RESULTS MI was induced in transgenic and non-transgenic mice by left coronary artery occlusion. At 7, 60, and 180 days after MI, left ventricular pressure-volume measurements were recorded and histological analysis was performed. MI had a similar adverse effect on cardiac function in transgenic and non-transgenic mice at 7 days post-injury. No improvement in cardiac function was observed in non-transgenic mice at 60 and 180 days post-MI. In contrast, the transgenic animals exhibited a progressive and marked increase in cardiac function at subsequent time points. Improved cardiac function in the transgenic mice at 60 and 180 days post-MI correlated positively with the presence of newly formed myocardial tissue which was not apparent at 7 days post-MI. Intracellular calcium transient imaging indicated that cardiomyocytes present in the newly formed myocardium participated in a functional syncytium with the remote myocardium. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that cardiomyocyte cell cycle activation leads to improvement of cardiac function and morphology following MI and may represent an important clinical strategy to promote myocardial regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rutger J Hassink
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
In the past few years it has been established that the heart contains a reservoir of stem and progenitor cells. These cells are positive for various stem/progenitor cell markers (Kit, Sca-1, Isl-1, and Side Population (SP) properties). The relationship between the various cardiac stem cells (CSC) and progenitor cells described awaits clarification. Furthermore, they may open a new therapeutic strategies of cardiac repair based on the regeneration potential of cardiac stem cells. Currently, cellular cardiomyoplasty is actively explored as means of regenerating damaged myocardium using several different cell types. CSCs seem a logical cell source to exploit for cardiac regeneration therapy. Their presence into the heart, the frequent co-expression of early cardiac progenitor transcription factors, and the capability for ex vivo and in vivo differentiation toward the cardiac lineages offer promise of enhanced cardiogenicity compared to other cell sources. CSCs, when isolated from various animal models by selection based on c-Kit, Sca-1, and/or MDR1, have shown cardiac regeneration potential in vivo following injection in the infracted myocardium. Recently, we have successfully isolated CSCs from small biopsies of human myocardium and expanded them ex vivo by many folds without losing differentiation potential into cardiomyocytes and vascular cells, bringing autologous transplantation of CSCs closer to clinical evaluation. These cells are spontaneously shed from human surgical specimens and murine heart samples in primary culture. This heterogeneous population of cells forms multi-cellular clusters, dubbed cardiospheres (CSs), in suspension culture. CSs are composed of clonally-derived cells, consist of proliferating c-Kit positive cells primarily in their core and differentiating cells expressing cardiac and endothelial cell markers on their periphery. Although the intracardiac origin of adult myocytes has been unequivocally documented, the potential of an extracardiac source of cells, able to repopulate the lost CSCs in pathological conditions (infarct) cannot be excluded and will be discussed in this review. The delivery of human CSs or of CSs-derived cells into the injured heart of the SCID mouse resulted in engraftment, migration, myocardial regeneration and improvement of left ventricular function. Our method for ex vivo expansion of resident CSCs for subsequent autologous transplantation back into the heart, may give these cell populations, the resident and the transplanted one, the combined ability to mediate myocardial regeneration to an appreciable degree, and may change the way in which cardiovascular disease will be approached in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Barile
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Pasteur Institute, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kühn B, del Monte F, Hajjar RJ, Chang YS, Lebeche D, Arab S, Keating MT. Periostin induces proliferation of differentiated cardiomyocytes and promotes cardiac repair. Nat Med 2007; 13:962-9. [PMID: 17632525 DOI: 10.1038/nm1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 491] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Adult mammalian hearts respond to injury with scar formation and not with cardiomyocyte proliferation, the cellular basis of regeneration. Although cardiogenic progenitor cells may maintain myocardial turnover, they do not give rise to a robust regenerative response. Here we show that extracellular periostin induced reentry of differentiated mammalian cardiomyocytes into the cell cycle. Periostin stimulated mononucleated cardiomyocytes to go through the full mitotic cell cycle. Periostin activated alphaV, beta1, beta3 and beta5 integrins located in the cardiomyocyte cell membrane. Activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase was required for periostin-induced reentry of cardiomyocytes into the cell cycle and was sufficient for cell-cycle reentry in the absence of periostin. After myocardial infarction, periostin-induced cardiomyocyte cell-cycle reentry and mitosis were associated with improved ventricular remodeling and myocardial function, reduced fibrosis and infarct size, and increased angiogenesis. Thus, periostin and the pathway that it regulates may provide a target for innovative strategies to treat heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kühn
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Many forms of cardiovascular disease are associated with cardiomyocyte loss via necrosis and/or apoptosis. The cumulative loss of contractile cells ultimately results in diminished cardiac function. Numerous approaches have been employed to reduce the rate of cardiomyocyte loss, or alternatively, to repopulate the heart with new cardiomyocytes. Strategies aimed at repopulating the heart include cardiomyocyte cell therapy, myogenic stem cell therapy, and cell cycle activation therapy. All three approaches are based on the assumption that the de novo cardiomyocytes will participate in a functional syncytium with the surviving myocardium. This review will discuss the current status of interventions aimed at repopulating the heart with functional cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rubart
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 West Walnut Street, RM W376, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Germani A, Di Rocco G, Limana F, Martelli F, Capogrossi MC. Molecular mechanisms of cardiomyocyte regeneration and therapeutic outlook. Trends Mol Med 2007; 13:125-33. [PMID: 17257896 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2007.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Revised: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 01/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Differently from some lower vertebrates, which can completely regenerate their heart, in higher vertebrates cardiac injury generally leads to progressive failure. Induction of cycle re-entry in terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes and stem-cell transplantation are strategies to increase the regenerative potential of the heart. As experimental and clinical studies progress, demonstrating that adult stem-cell administration has a favorable impact on myocardial function, the identification of cardiac stem cells suggests that some endogenous repair mechanisms actually exist in the mammalian heart. However, a deeper understanding of the mechanism that drives cardiomyocyte proliferation and stem-cell-mediated cardiac repair is required to translate such strategies into effective therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Germani
- Laboratorio di Biologia Vascolare e Terapia Genica, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dowell JD, Tsai SC, Dias-Santagata DC, Nakajima H, Wang Z, Zhu W, Field LJ. Expression of a mutant p193/CUL7 molecule confers resistance to MG132- and etoposide-induced apoptosis independent of p53 or Parc binding. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2006; 1773:358-66. [PMID: 17229476 PMCID: PMC1876763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2006] [Revised: 11/17/2006] [Accepted: 11/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
p193/CUL7 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase initially identified as an SV40 Large T Antigen binding protein. Expression of a dominant interfering variant of mouse p193/CUL7 (designated 1152stop) conferred resistance to MG132- and etoposide-induced apoptosis in U2OS cells. Immune precipitation/Western analyses revealed that endogenous p193/CUL7 formed a complex with Parc (a recently identified parkin-like ubiquitin ligase) and p53. Apoptosis resistance did not result from 1152stop-mediated disruption of the endogenous p193/CUL7 binding partners. Moreover, 1152stop molecule did not directly bind to endogenous p193/CUL7, Parc or p53. These data suggested a role for p193/CUL7 in the regulation of apoptosis independently of p53 and Parc activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Dowell
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
van Laake LW, van den Driesche S, Post S, Feijen A, Jansen MA, Driessens MH, Mager JJ, Snijder RJ, Westermann CJJ, Doevendans PA, van Echteld CJA, ten Dijke P, Arthur HM, Goumans MJ, Lebrin F, Mummery CL. Endoglin Has a Crucial Role in Blood Cell–Mediated Vascular Repair. Circulation 2006; 114:2288-97. [PMID: 17088457 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.106.639161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Endoglin, an accessory receptor for transforming growth factor-β in vascular endothelial cells, is essential for angiogenesis during mouse development. Mutations in the human gene cause hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1 (HHT1), a disease characterized by vascular malformations that increase with age. Although haploinsufficiency is the underlying cause of the disease, HHT1 individuals show great heterogeneity in age of onset, clinical manifestations, and severity.
Methods and Results—
In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis of mouse and human hearts revealed that endoglin is upregulated in neoangiogenic vessels formed after myocardial infarction. Microvascularity within the infarct zone was strikingly lower in mice with reduced levels of endoglin (
Eng
+/−
) compared with wild-type mice, which resulted in a greater deterioration in cardiac function as measured by magnetic resonance imaging. This did not appear to be because of defects in host inflammatory cell numbers in the infarct zone, which accumulated to a similar extent in wild-type and heterozygous mice. However, defects in vessel formation and heart function in
Eng
+/−
mice were rescued by injection of mononuclear cells from healthy human donors but not by mononuclear cells from HHT1 patients.
Conclusions—
These results establish defective vascular repair as a significant component of the origin of HHT1. Because vascular damage or inflammation occurs randomly, it may also explain disease heterogeneity. More generally, the efficiency of vascular repair may vary between individuals because of intrinsic differences in their mononuclear cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda W van Laake
- Hubrecht Laboratory, Netherlands Institute for Developmental Biology, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Many forms of pediatric and adult heart disease result from a deficiency in cardiomyocyte number. Through repopulation of the heart with new cardiomyocytes (that is, induction of regenerative cardiac growth), cardiac disease potentially can be reversed, provided that the newly formed myocytes structurally and functionally integrate in the preexisting myocardium. A number of approaches have been utilized to effect regenerative growth of the myocardium in experimental animals. These include interventions aimed at enhancing the ability of cardiomyocytes to proliferate in response to cardiac injury, as well as transplantation of cardiomyocytes or myogenic stem cells into diseased hearts. Here we review efforts to induce myocardial regeneration. We also provide a critical review of techniques currently used to assess cardiac regeneration and functional integration of de novo cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rubart
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5225, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lafontant PJE, Field LJ. The cardiomyocyte cell cycle. NOVARTIS FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM 2006; 274:196-207; discussion 208-13, 272-6. [PMID: 17019813 PMCID: PMC2628757 DOI: 10.1002/0470029331.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Many forms of cardiac disease are characterized by cardiomyocyte death due to necrosis, apoptosis and/or oncosis. Recently, the notion of promoting cardiac regeneration as a means to replace damaged heart tissue has engendered considerable interest. One approach to accomplish heart muscle regeneration entails promoting cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity in the surviving myocardium. Genetically modified mice have provided useful model systems to test the efficacy of specific pathways to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation in normal and diseased hearts. For example, expression of a heart-restricted dominant interfering version of p193 (an E3 ubiquitin ligase also known as Cul7) resulted in an induction of cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity at the infarct border zone and ventricular septum 4 weeks after permanent coronary artery occlusion. A concomitant reduction in hypertrophic cardiomyocyte growth was also observed in this model, suggesting that cell cycle activation partially counteracted the adverse ventricular remodelling that occurs post-infarction. In other studies, targeted expression of cyclin D2 promoted cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity in adult hearts. The level of cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity increased after myocardial infarction, ultimately resulting in a marked increase in cardiomyocyte number and a concomitant regression of infarct size. Collectively, these data suggest that modulation of cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity can be exploited to promote regenerative growth in injured hearts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal J E Lafontant
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5225, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Nakajima H, Nakajima HO, Dembowsky K, Pasumarthi KBS, Field LJ. Cardiomyocyte cell cycle activation ameliorates fibrosis in the atrium. Circ Res 2005; 98:141-8. [PMID: 16306446 PMCID: PMC2696639 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000197783.70106.4a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
MHC-TGFcys33ser transgenic mice have elevated levels of active transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 in the myocardium. Previous studies have shown that these animals develop atrial, but not ventricular, fibrosis. Here we show that atrial fibrosis was accompanied with cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Although similar levels of cardiomyocyte apoptosis were present in the right and left atria of MHC-TGFcys33ser hearts, the extent of fibrosis was more pronounced in the right atrium. Thus, additional factors influence the degree of atrial fibrosis in this model. Tritiated thymidine incorporation studies revealed cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity in left atrial cardiomyocytes, but not in right atrial cardiomyocytes. These observations suggested that cardiomyocyte cell cycle activation ameliorated the severity of atrial fibrosis. To directly test this hypothesis, MHC-TGFcys33ser mice were crossed with MHC-cycD2 mice (which have constitutive cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity in the right atrium). Mice inheriting both transgenes exhibited right atrial cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity and a concomitant reduction in the severity of right atrial fibrosis, despite the presence of a similar level of cardiomyocyte apoptosis as was observed in mice inheriting the MHC-TGFcys33ser transgene alone. These data support the notion that cardiomyocyte cell cycle induction can antagonize fibrosis in the myocardium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Nakajima
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
McMullen NM, Gaspard GJ, Pasumarthi KBS. Reactivation of cardiomyocyte cell cycle: A potential approach for myocardial regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/sita.200400050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
50
|
|