1
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Ning J, Sala M, Reina J, Kalagiri R, Hunter T, McCullough BS. Histidine Phosphorylation: Protein Kinases and Phosphatases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7975. [PMID: 39063217 PMCID: PMC11277029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphohistidine (pHis) is a reversible protein post-translational modification (PTM) that is currently poorly understood. The P-N bond in pHis is heat and acid-sensitive, making it more challenging to study than the canonical phosphoamino acids pSer, pThr, and pTyr. As advancements in the development of tools to study pHis have been made, the roles of pHis in cells are slowly being revealed. To date, a handful of enzymes responsible for controlling this modification have been identified, including the histidine kinases NME1 and NME2, as well as the phosphohistidine phosphatases PHPT1, LHPP, and PGAM5. These tools have also identified the substrates of these enzymes, granting new insights into previously unknown regulatory mechanisms. Here, we discuss the cellular function of pHis and how it is regulated on known pHis-containing proteins, as well as cellular mechanisms that regulate the activity of the pHis kinases and phosphatases themselves. We further discuss the role of the pHis kinases and phosphatases as potential tumor promoters or suppressors. Finally, we give an overview of various tools and methods currently used to study pHis biology. Given their breadth of functions, unraveling the role of pHis in mammalian systems promises radical new insights into existing and unexplored areas of cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ning
- Correspondence: (J.N.); (B.S.M.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Brandon S. McCullough
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (M.S.); (J.R.); (R.K.); (T.H.)
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2
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Ferrucci V, Lomada S, Wieland T, Zollo M. PRUNE1 and NME/NDPK family proteins influence energy metabolism and signaling in cancer metastases. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:755-775. [PMID: 38180572 PMCID: PMC11156750 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
We describe here the molecular basis of the complex formation of PRUNE1 with the tumor metastasis suppressors NME1 and NME2, two isoforms appertaining to the nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) enzyme family, and how this complex regulates signaling the immune system and energy metabolism, thereby shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME). Disrupting the interaction between NME1/2 and PRUNE1, as suggested, holds the potential to be an excellent therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer and the inhibition of metastasis dissemination. Furthermore, we postulate an interaction and regulation of the other Class I NME proteins, NME3 and NME4 proteins, with PRUNE1 and discuss potential functions. Class I NME1-4 proteins are NTP/NDP transphosphorylases required for balancing the intracellular pools of nucleotide diphosphates and triphosphates. They regulate different cellular functions by interacting with a large variety of other proteins, and in cancer and metastasis processes, they can exert pro- and anti-oncogenic properties depending on the cellular context. In this review, we therefore additionally discuss general aspects of class1 NME and PRUNE1 molecular structures as well as their posttranslational modifications and subcellular localization. The current knowledge on the contributions of PRUNE1 as well as NME proteins to signaling cascades is summarized with a special regard to cancer and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ferrucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, DMMBM, University of Naples, Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate "Franco Salvatore", Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Santosh Lomada
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
- DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ludolf Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Massimo Zollo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, DMMBM, University of Naples, Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate "Franco Salvatore", Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.
- DAI Medicina di Laboratorio e Trasfusionale, 'AOU' Federico II Policlinico, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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3
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Nürnberg B, Beer-Hammer S, Reisinger E, Leiss V. Non-canonical G protein signaling. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 255:108589. [PMID: 38295906 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The original paradigm of classical - also referred to as canonical - cellular signal transduction of heterotrimeric G proteins (G protein) is defined by a hierarchical, orthograde interaction of three players: the agonist-activated G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), which activates the transducing G protein, that in turn regulates its intracellular effectors. This receptor-transducer-effector concept was extended by the identification of regulators and adapters such as the regulators of G protein signaling (RGS), receptor kinases like βARK, or GPCR-interacting arrestin adapters that are integrated into this canonical signaling process at different levels to enable fine-tuning. Finally, the identification of atypical signaling mechanisms of classical regulators, together with the discovery of novel modulators, added a new and fascinating dimension to the cellular G protein signal transduction. This heterogeneous group of accessory G protein modulators was coined "activators of G protein signaling" (AGS) proteins and plays distinct roles in canonical and non-canonical G protein signaling pathways. AGS proteins contribute to the control of essential cellular functions such as cell development and division, intracellular transport processes, secretion, autophagy or cell movements. As such, they are involved in numerous biological processes that are crucial for diseases, like diabetes mellitus, cancer, and stroke, which represent major health burdens. Although the identification of a large number of non-canonical G protein signaling pathways has broadened the spectrum of this cellular communication system, their underlying mechanisms, functions, and biological effects are poorly understood. In this review, we highlight and discuss atypical G protein-dependent signaling mechanisms with a focus on inhibitory G proteins (Gi) involved in canonical and non-canonical signal transduction, review recent developments and open questions, address the potential of new approaches for targeted pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, and ICePhA Mouse Clinic, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Sandra Beer-Hammer
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, and ICePhA Mouse Clinic, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Reisinger
- Gene Therapy for Hearing Impairment Group, Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen Medical Center, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Veronika Leiss
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, and ICePhA Mouse Clinic, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
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4
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Sakai Y, Hanafusa H, Hisamoto N, Matsumoto K. Histidine dephosphorylation of the Gβ protein GPB-1 promotes axon regeneration in C. elegans. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55076. [PMID: 36278516 PMCID: PMC9724660 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histidine phosphorylation is an emerging noncanonical protein phosphorylation in animals, yet its physiological role remains largely unexplored. The protein histidine phosphatase (PHPT1) was recently identified for the first time in mammals. Here, we report that PHIP-1, an ortholog of PHPT1 in Caenorhabditis elegans, promotes axon regeneration by dephosphorylating GPB-1 Gβ at His-266 and inactivating GOA-1 Goα signaling, a negative regulator of axon regeneration. Overexpression of the histidine kinase NDK-1 also inhibits axon regeneration via GPB-1 His-266 phosphorylation. Thus, His-phosphorylation plays an antiregenerative role in C. elegans. Furthermore, we identify a conserved UNC-51/ULK kinase that functions in autophagy as a PHIP-1-binding protein. We demonstrate that UNC-51 phosphorylates PHIP-1 at Ser-112 and activates its catalytic activity and that this phosphorylation is required for PHIP-1-mediated axon regeneration. This study reveals a molecular link from ULK to protein histidine phosphatase, which facilitates axon regeneration by inhibiting trimeric G protein signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Sakai
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Hanafusa
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Naoki Hisamoto
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Kunihiro Matsumoto
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
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5
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The many ways that nature has exploited the unusual structural and chemical properties of phosphohistidine for use in proteins. Biochem J 2021; 478:3575-3596. [PMID: 34624072 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Histidine phosphorylation is an important and ubiquitous post-translational modification. Histidine undergoes phosphorylation on either of the nitrogens in its imidazole side chain, giving rise to 1- and 3- phosphohistidine (pHis) isomers, each having a phosphoramidate linkage that is labile at high temperatures and low pH, in contrast with stable phosphomonoester protein modifications. While all organisms routinely use pHis as an enzyme intermediate, prokaryotes, lower eukaryotes and plants also use it for signal transduction. However, research to uncover additional roles for pHis in higher eukaryotes is still at a nascent stage. Since the discovery of pHis in 1962, progress in this field has been relatively slow, in part due to a lack of the tools and techniques necessary to study this labile modification. However, in the past ten years the development of phosphoproteomic techniques to detect phosphohistidine (pHis), and methods to synthesize stable pHis analogues, which enabled the development of anti-phosphohistidine (pHis) antibodies, have accelerated our understanding. Recent studies that employed anti-pHis antibodies and other advanced techniques have contributed to a rapid expansion in our knowledge of histidine phosphorylation. In this review, we examine the varied roles of pHis-containing proteins from a chemical and structural perspective, and present an overview of recent developments in pHis proteomics and antibody development.
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6
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Adam K, Ning J, Reina J, Hunter T. NME/NM23/NDPK and Histidine Phosphorylation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5848. [PMID: 32823988 PMCID: PMC7461546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The NME (Non-metastatic) family members, also known as NDPKs (nucleoside diphosphate kinases), were originally identified and studied for their nucleoside diphosphate kinase activities. This family of kinases is extremely well conserved through evolution, being found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but also diverges enough to create a range of complexity, with homologous members having distinct functions in cells. In addition to nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity, some family members are reported to possess protein-histidine kinase activity, which, because of the lability of phosphohistidine, has been difficult to study due to the experimental challenges and lack of molecular tools. However, over the past few years, new methods to investigate this unstable modification and histidine kinase activity have been reported and scientific interest in this area is growing rapidly. This review presents a global overview of our current knowledge of the NME family and histidine phosphorylation, highlighting the underappreciated protein-histidine kinase activity of NME family members, specifically in human cells. In parallel, information about the structural and functional aspects of the NME family, and the knowns and unknowns of histidine kinase involvement in cell signaling are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (K.A.); (J.N.); (J.R.)
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7
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Aktories K, Gierschik P, Heringdorf DMZ, Schmidt M, Schultz G, Wieland T. cAMP guided his way: a life for G protein-mediated signal transduction and molecular pharmacology-tribute to Karl H. Jakobs. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:887-911. [PMID: 31101932 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01650-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Karl H. Jakobs, former editor-in-chief of Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology and renowned molecular pharmacologist, passed away in April 2018. In this article, his scientific achievements regarding G protein-mediated signal transduction and regulation of canonical pathways are summarized. Particularly, the discovery of inhibitory G proteins for adenylyl cyclase, methods for the analysis of receptor-G protein interactions, GTP supply by nucleoside diphosphate kinases, mechanisms in phospholipase C and phospholipase D activity regulation, as well as the development of the concept of sphingosine-1-phosphate as extra- and intracellular messenger will presented. His seminal scientific and methodological contributions are put in a general and timely perspective to display and honor his outstanding input to the current knowledge in molecular pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Aktories
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Gierschik
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89070, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dagmar Meyer Zu Heringdorf
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 9713AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Günter Schultz
- Department of Pharmacology, Charité University Medical Center Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim (EPM), European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13 - 17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
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8
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Zheng S, Kusnadi A, Choi JE, Vuong BQ, Rhodes D, Chaudhuri J. NME proteins regulate class switch recombination. FEBS Lett 2018; 593:80-87. [PMID: 30411342 PMCID: PMC6333498 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Class switch recombination (CSR) in B cells involves deletion-recombination at switch (S) region DNA and is important for the diversification of antibody isotypes during an immune response. Here, we identify two NME [NM23/NDPK (nucleoside diphosphate kinase)] isoforms, NME1 and NME2, as novel players in this process. Knockdown of NME2 leads to decreased CSR, while knockdown of the highly homologous NME1 results in increased CSR. Interestingly, these NME proteins also display differential occupancy at S regions during CSR despite their homology; NME1 binds to S regions prior to stimulation, while NME2 binds to S regions only after stimulation. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first report of a role for these proteins in the regulation of CSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Zheng
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA.,NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony Kusnadi
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA.,Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and Genomics Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jee Eun Choi
- Department of Biology, City College of New York, NY, USA
| | - Bao Q Vuong
- Department of Biology, City College of New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniela Rhodes
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jayanta Chaudhuri
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
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9
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Shan S, Chatterjee A, Qiu Y, Hammes HP, Wieland T, Feng Y. O-GlcNAcylation of FoxO1 mediates nucleoside diphosphate kinase B deficiency induced endothelial damage. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10581. [PMID: 30002415 PMCID: PMC6043576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28892-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase B (NDPK-B) acts as a protective factor in the retinal vasculature. NDPK-B deficiency leads to retinal vasoregression mimicking diabetic retinopathy (DR). Angiopoetin 2 (Ang-2), an initiator of retinal vasoregression in DR, is upregulated in NDPK-B deficient retinas and in NDPK-B depleted endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro. We therefore investigated the importance of Ang-2 in NDPK-B deficient retinas and characterized the mechanisms of Ang-2 upregulation upon NDPK-B depletion in cultured ECs. The crucial role of retinal Ang-2 in the initiation of vasoregression was verified by crossing NDPK-B deficient with Ang-2 haplodeficient mice. On the molecular level, FoxO1, a transcription factor regulating Ang-2, was upregulated in NDPK-B depleted ECs. Knockdown of FoxO1 abolished the elevation of Ang-2 induced by NDPK-B depletion. Furthermore O-GlcNAcylated FoxO1 was found preferentially in the nucleus. An increased O-GlcNAcylation of FoxO1 was revealed upon NDPK-B depletion. In accordance, the inhibition of protein O-GlcNAcylation normalized NDPK-B depletion induced Ang-2 upregulation. In summary, we demonstrated that the upregulation of Ang-2 upon NDPK-B deficiency is driven by O-GlcNAcylation of FoxO1. Our data provide evidence for a central role of protein O-GlcNAcylation in NDPK-B associated vascular damage and point to the hexosamine pathway as an important target in retinal vasoregression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenliang Shan
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim (EPM), European Center of Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anupriya Chatterjee
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim (EPM), European Center of Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yi Qiu
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim (EPM), European Center of Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5th Medical Clinic, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim (EPM), European Center of Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yuxi Feng
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim (EPM), European Center of Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
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10
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Makwana MV, Muimo R, Jackson RF. Advances in development of new tools for the study of phosphohistidine. J Transl Med 2018; 98:291-303. [PMID: 29200202 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is an important post-translational modification that is an integral part of cellular function. The O-phosphorylated amino-acid residues, such as phosphoserine (pSer), phosphothreonine (pThr) and phosphotyrosine (pTyr), have dominated the literature while the acid labile N-linked phosphorylated amino acids, such as phosphohistidine (pHis), have largely been historically overlooked because of the acidic conditions routinely used in amino-acid detection and analysis. This review highlights some misinterpretations that have arisen in the existing literature, pinpoints outstanding questions and potential future directions to clarify the role of pHis in mammalian signalling systems. Particular emphasis is placed on pHis isomerization and the hybrid functionality for both pHis and pTyr of the proposed τ-pHis analogue bearing the triazole residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehul V Makwana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Richmond Muimo
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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11
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The actions of NME1/NDPK-A and NME2/NDPK-B as protein kinases. J Transl Med 2018; 98:283-290. [PMID: 29200201 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPKs) are multifunctional proteins encoded by the nme (non-metastatic cells) genes, also called NM23. NDPKs catalyze the transfer of γ-phosphate from nucleoside triphosphates to nucleoside diphosphates by a ping-pong mechanism involving the formation of a high-energy phosphohistidine intermediate. Growing evidence shows that NDPKs, particularly NDPK-B, can additionally act as a protein histidine kinase. Protein kinases and phosphatases that regulate reversible O-phosphorylation of serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues have been studied extensively in many organisms. Interestingly, other phosphoamino acids histidine, lysine, arginine, aspartate, glutamate, and cysteine exist in abundance but remain understudied due to the paucity of suitable methods and antibodies. The N-phosphorylation of histidine by histidine kinases via the two- or multi-component signaling systems is an important mediator in cellular responses in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes, like yeast, fungi, and plants. However, in vertebrates knowledge of phosphohistidine signaling has lagged far behind and the identity of the protein kinases and protein phosphatases involved is not well established. This article will therefore provide an overview of our current knowledge on protein histidine phosphorylation particularly the role of nm 23 gene products as protein histidine kinases.
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12
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Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPK) are nucleotide metabolism enzymes encoded by NME genes (also called NM23). Given the fact that not all NME-encoded proteins are catalytically active NDPKs and that NM23 generally refers to clinical studies on metastasis, we use here NME/NDPK to denote the proteins. Since their discovery in the 1950's, NMEs/NDPKs have been shown to be involved in multiple physiological and pathological cellular processes, but the molecular mechanisms have not been fully determined. Recent progress in elucidating these underlying mechanisms has been presented by experts in the field at the 10th International Congress on the NDPK/NME/AWD protein family in October 2016 in Dubrovnik, Croatia, and is summarized in review articles or original research in this and an upcoming issue of Laboratory Investigation. Within this editorial, we discuss three major cellular processes that involve members of the multi-functional NME/NDPK family: (i) cancer and metastasis dissemination, (ii) membrane remodeling and nucleotide channeling, and iii) protein histidine phosphorylation.
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Abu-Taha IH, Heijman J, Feng Y, Vettel C, Dobrev D, Wieland T. Regulation of heterotrimeric G-protein signaling by NDPK/NME proteins and caveolins: an update. J Transl Med 2018; 98:190-197. [PMID: 29035382 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins are pivotal mediators of cellular signal transduction in eukaryotic cells and abnormal G-protein signaling plays an important role in numerous diseases. During the last two decades it has become evident that the activation status of heterotrimeric G proteins is both highly localized and strongly regulated by a number of factors, including a receptor-independent activation pathway of heterotrimeric G proteins that does not involve the classical GDP/GTP exchange and relies on nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPKs). NDPKs are NTP/NDP transphosphorylases encoded by the nme/nm23 genes that are involved in a variety of cellular events such as proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. They therefore contribute, for example, to tumor metastasis, angiogenesis, retinopathy, and heart failure. Interestingly, NDPKs are translocated and/or upregulated in human heart failure. Here we describe recent advances in the current understanding of NDPK functions and how they have an impact on local regulation of G-protein signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam H Abu-Taha
- Institute of Pharmacology, West-German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jordi Heijman
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Disease, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yuxi Feng
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christiane Vettel
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, West-German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany
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14
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Ray A, Macwan I, Singh S, Silwal S, Patra P. A Computational Approach for Understanding the Interactions between Graphene Oxide and Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase with Implications for Heart Failure. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8020057. [PMID: 29360759 PMCID: PMC5853690 DOI: 10.3390/nano8020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
During a heart failure, an increased content and activity of nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) in the sarcolemmal membrane is responsible for suppressing the formation of the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-a key component required for calcium ion homeostasis for the proper systolic and diastolic functions. Typically, this increased NDPK content lets the surplus NDPK react with a mutated G protein in the beta-adrenergic signal transduction pathway, thereby inhibiting cAMP synthesis. Thus, it is thus that inhibition of NDPK may cause a substantial increase in adenylate cyclase activity, which in turn may be a potential therapy for end-stage heart failure patients. However, there is little information available about the molecular events at the interface of NDPK and any prospective molecule that may potentially influence its reactive site (His118). Here we report a novel computational approach for understanding the interactions between graphene oxide (GO) and NDPK. Using molecular dynamics, it is found that GO interacts favorably with the His118 residue of NDPK to potentially prevent its binding with adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which otherwise would trigger the phosphorylation of the mutated G protein. Therefore, this will result in an increase in cAMP levels during heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Ray
- Nashua High School South, Nashua, NH 03062, USA.
| | - Isaac Macwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT 06604, USA.
| | - Shrishti Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT 06604, USA.
| | - Sushila Silwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT 06604, USA.
| | - Prabir Patra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT 06604, USA.
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15
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Luzarowski M, Kosmacz M, Sokolowska E, Jasińska W, Willmitzer L, Veyel D, Skirycz A. Affinity purification with metabolomic and proteomic analysis unravels diverse roles of nucleoside diphosphate kinases. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3487-3499. [PMID: 28586477 PMCID: PMC5853561 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between metabolites and proteins play an integral role in all cellular functions. Here we describe an affinity purification (AP) approach in combination with LC/MS-based metabolomics and proteomics that allows, to our knowledge for the first time, analysis of protein-metabolite and protein-protein interactions simultaneously in plant systems. More specifically, we examined protein and small-molecule partners of the three (of five) nucleoside diphosphate kinases present in the Arabidopsis genome (NDPK1-NDPK3). The bona fide role of NDPKs is the exchange of terminal phosphate groups between nucleoside diphosphates (NDPs) and triphosphates (NTPs). However, other functions have been reported, which probably depend on both the proteins and small molecules specifically interacting with the NDPK. Using our approach we identified 23, 17, and 8 novel protein partners of NDPK1, NDPK2, and NDPK3, respectively, with nucleotide-dependent proteins such as actin and adenosine kinase 2 being enriched. Particularly interesting, however, was the co-elution of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and reduced glutathione (GSH) with the affinity-purified NDPK1 complexes. Following up on this finding, we could demonstrate that NDPK1 undergoes glutathionylation, opening a new paradigm of NDPK regulation in plants. The described results extend our knowledge of NDPKs, the key enzymes regulating NDP/NTP homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Luzarowski
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Monika Kosmacz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ewelina Sokolowska
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Weronika Jasińska
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Lothar Willmitzer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Daniel Veyel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Skirycz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Correspondence:
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16
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Abu-Taha IH, Heijman J, Hippe HJ, Wolf NM, El-Armouche A, Nikolaev VO, Schäfer M, Würtz CM, Neef S, Voigt N, Baczkó I, Varró A, Müller M, Meder B, Katus HA, Spiger K, Vettel C, Lehmann LH, Backs J, Skolnik EY, Lutz S, Dobrev D, Wieland T. Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase-C Suppresses cAMP Formation in Human Heart Failure. Circulation 2016; 135:881-897. [PMID: 27927712 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.022852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic heart failure (HF) is associated with altered signal transduction via β-adrenoceptors and G proteins and with reduced cAMP formation. Nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPKs) are enriched at the plasma membrane of patients with end-stage HF, but the functional consequences of this are largely unknown, particularly for NDPK-C. Here, we investigated the potential role of NDPK-C in cardiac cAMP formation and contractility. METHODS Real-time polymerase chain reaction, (far) Western blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunocytochemistry were used to study the expression, interaction with G proteins, and localization of NDPKs. cAMP levels were determined with immunoassays or fluorescent resonance energy transfer, and contractility was determined in cardiomyocytes (cell shortening) and in vivo (fractional shortening). RESULTS NDPK-C was essential for the formation of an NDPK-B/G protein complex. Protein and mRNA levels of NDPK-C were upregulated in end-stage human HF, in rats after long-term isoprenaline stimulation through osmotic minipumps, and after incubation of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes with isoprenaline. Isoprenaline also promoted translocation of NDPK-C to the plasma membrane. Overexpression of NDPK-C in cardiomyocytes increased cAMP levels and sensitized cardiomyocytes to isoprenaline-induced augmentation of contractility, whereas NDPK-C knockdown decreased cAMP levels. In vivo, depletion of NDPK-C in zebrafish embryos caused cardiac edema and ventricular dysfunction. NDPK-B knockout mice had unaltered NDPK-C expression but showed contractile dysfunction and exacerbated cardiac remodeling during long-term isoprenaline stimulation. In human end-stage HF, the complex formation between NDPK-C and Gαi2 was increased whereas the NDPK-C/Gαs interaction was decreased, producing a switch that may contribute to an NDPK-C-dependent cAMP reduction in HF. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify NDPK-C as an essential requirement for both the interaction between NDPK isoforms and between NDPK isoforms and G proteins. NDPK-C is a novel critical regulator of β-adrenoceptor/cAMP signaling and cardiac contractility. By switching from Gαs to Gαi2 activation, NDPK-C may contribute to lower cAMP levels and the related contractile dysfunction in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam H Abu-Taha
- From Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty (I.H.A.-T., N.M.W., K.S., C.V., S.L., T.W.), and Department of Internal Medicine III (H.-J.H., N.M.W., M.M., B.M., H.-A.K., L.H.L., J.B.), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (I.H.A.-T., J.H., M.S., N.V., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (A.E.-A., C.M.W., S.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany (A.E.-A.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B., A.V.); Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York (E.Y.S.); and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site HD/MA, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (B.M., H.A.K., C.V., J.B., T.W.). The current affiliation for H.-J.H. is the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jordi Heijman
- From Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty (I.H.A.-T., N.M.W., K.S., C.V., S.L., T.W.), and Department of Internal Medicine III (H.-J.H., N.M.W., M.M., B.M., H.-A.K., L.H.L., J.B.), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (I.H.A.-T., J.H., M.S., N.V., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (A.E.-A., C.M.W., S.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany (A.E.-A.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B., A.V.); Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York (E.Y.S.); and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site HD/MA, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (B.M., H.A.K., C.V., J.B., T.W.). The current affiliation for H.-J.H. is the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Hippe
- From Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty (I.H.A.-T., N.M.W., K.S., C.V., S.L., T.W.), and Department of Internal Medicine III (H.-J.H., N.M.W., M.M., B.M., H.-A.K., L.H.L., J.B.), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (I.H.A.-T., J.H., M.S., N.V., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (A.E.-A., C.M.W., S.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany (A.E.-A.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B., A.V.); Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York (E.Y.S.); and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site HD/MA, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (B.M., H.A.K., C.V., J.B., T.W.). The current affiliation for H.-J.H. is the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nadine M Wolf
- From Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty (I.H.A.-T., N.M.W., K.S., C.V., S.L., T.W.), and Department of Internal Medicine III (H.-J.H., N.M.W., M.M., B.M., H.-A.K., L.H.L., J.B.), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (I.H.A.-T., J.H., M.S., N.V., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (A.E.-A., C.M.W., S.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany (A.E.-A.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B., A.V.); Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York (E.Y.S.); and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site HD/MA, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (B.M., H.A.K., C.V., J.B., T.W.). The current affiliation for H.-J.H. is the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- From Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty (I.H.A.-T., N.M.W., K.S., C.V., S.L., T.W.), and Department of Internal Medicine III (H.-J.H., N.M.W., M.M., B.M., H.-A.K., L.H.L., J.B.), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (I.H.A.-T., J.H., M.S., N.V., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (A.E.-A., C.M.W., S.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany (A.E.-A.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B., A.V.); Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York (E.Y.S.); and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site HD/MA, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (B.M., H.A.K., C.V., J.B., T.W.). The current affiliation for H.-J.H. is the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- From Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty (I.H.A.-T., N.M.W., K.S., C.V., S.L., T.W.), and Department of Internal Medicine III (H.-J.H., N.M.W., M.M., B.M., H.-A.K., L.H.L., J.B.), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (I.H.A.-T., J.H., M.S., N.V., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (A.E.-A., C.M.W., S.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany (A.E.-A.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B., A.V.); Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York (E.Y.S.); and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site HD/MA, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (B.M., H.A.K., C.V., J.B., T.W.). The current affiliation for H.-J.H. is the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marina Schäfer
- From Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty (I.H.A.-T., N.M.W., K.S., C.V., S.L., T.W.), and Department of Internal Medicine III (H.-J.H., N.M.W., M.M., B.M., H.-A.K., L.H.L., J.B.), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (I.H.A.-T., J.H., M.S., N.V., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (A.E.-A., C.M.W., S.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany (A.E.-A.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B., A.V.); Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York (E.Y.S.); and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site HD/MA, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (B.M., H.A.K., C.V., J.B., T.W.). The current affiliation for H.-J.H. is the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christina M Würtz
- From Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty (I.H.A.-T., N.M.W., K.S., C.V., S.L., T.W.), and Department of Internal Medicine III (H.-J.H., N.M.W., M.M., B.M., H.-A.K., L.H.L., J.B.), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (I.H.A.-T., J.H., M.S., N.V., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (A.E.-A., C.M.W., S.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany (A.E.-A.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B., A.V.); Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York (E.Y.S.); and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site HD/MA, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (B.M., H.A.K., C.V., J.B., T.W.). The current affiliation for H.-J.H. is the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Neef
- From Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty (I.H.A.-T., N.M.W., K.S., C.V., S.L., T.W.), and Department of Internal Medicine III (H.-J.H., N.M.W., M.M., B.M., H.-A.K., L.H.L., J.B.), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (I.H.A.-T., J.H., M.S., N.V., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (A.E.-A., C.M.W., S.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany (A.E.-A.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B., A.V.); Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York (E.Y.S.); and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site HD/MA, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (B.M., H.A.K., C.V., J.B., T.W.). The current affiliation for H.-J.H. is the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Niels Voigt
- From Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty (I.H.A.-T., N.M.W., K.S., C.V., S.L., T.W.), and Department of Internal Medicine III (H.-J.H., N.M.W., M.M., B.M., H.-A.K., L.H.L., J.B.), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (I.H.A.-T., J.H., M.S., N.V., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (A.E.-A., C.M.W., S.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany (A.E.-A.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B., A.V.); Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York (E.Y.S.); and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site HD/MA, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (B.M., H.A.K., C.V., J.B., T.W.). The current affiliation for H.-J.H. is the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - István Baczkó
- From Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty (I.H.A.-T., N.M.W., K.S., C.V., S.L., T.W.), and Department of Internal Medicine III (H.-J.H., N.M.W., M.M., B.M., H.-A.K., L.H.L., J.B.), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (I.H.A.-T., J.H., M.S., N.V., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (A.E.-A., C.M.W., S.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany (A.E.-A.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B., A.V.); Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York (E.Y.S.); and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site HD/MA, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (B.M., H.A.K., C.V., J.B., T.W.). The current affiliation for H.-J.H. is the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - András Varró
- From Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty (I.H.A.-T., N.M.W., K.S., C.V., S.L., T.W.), and Department of Internal Medicine III (H.-J.H., N.M.W., M.M., B.M., H.-A.K., L.H.L., J.B.), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (I.H.A.-T., J.H., M.S., N.V., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (A.E.-A., C.M.W., S.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany (A.E.-A.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B., A.V.); Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York (E.Y.S.); and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site HD/MA, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (B.M., H.A.K., C.V., J.B., T.W.). The current affiliation for H.-J.H. is the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marion Müller
- From Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty (I.H.A.-T., N.M.W., K.S., C.V., S.L., T.W.), and Department of Internal Medicine III (H.-J.H., N.M.W., M.M., B.M., H.-A.K., L.H.L., J.B.), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (I.H.A.-T., J.H., M.S., N.V., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (A.E.-A., C.M.W., S.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany (A.E.-A.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B., A.V.); Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York (E.Y.S.); and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site HD/MA, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (B.M., H.A.K., C.V., J.B., T.W.). The current affiliation for H.-J.H. is the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Benjamin Meder
- From Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty (I.H.A.-T., N.M.W., K.S., C.V., S.L., T.W.), and Department of Internal Medicine III (H.-J.H., N.M.W., M.M., B.M., H.-A.K., L.H.L., J.B.), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (I.H.A.-T., J.H., M.S., N.V., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (A.E.-A., C.M.W., S.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany (A.E.-A.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B., A.V.); Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York (E.Y.S.); and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site HD/MA, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (B.M., H.A.K., C.V., J.B., T.W.). The current affiliation for H.-J.H. is the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- From Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty (I.H.A.-T., N.M.W., K.S., C.V., S.L., T.W.), and Department of Internal Medicine III (H.-J.H., N.M.W., M.M., B.M., H.-A.K., L.H.L., J.B.), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (I.H.A.-T., J.H., M.S., N.V., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (A.E.-A., C.M.W., S.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany (A.E.-A.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B., A.V.); Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York (E.Y.S.); and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site HD/MA, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (B.M., H.A.K., C.V., J.B., T.W.). The current affiliation for H.-J.H. is the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katharina Spiger
- From Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty (I.H.A.-T., N.M.W., K.S., C.V., S.L., T.W.), and Department of Internal Medicine III (H.-J.H., N.M.W., M.M., B.M., H.-A.K., L.H.L., J.B.), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (I.H.A.-T., J.H., M.S., N.V., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (A.E.-A., C.M.W., S.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany (A.E.-A.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B., A.V.); Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York (E.Y.S.); and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site HD/MA, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (B.M., H.A.K., C.V., J.B., T.W.). The current affiliation for H.-J.H. is the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christiane Vettel
- From Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty (I.H.A.-T., N.M.W., K.S., C.V., S.L., T.W.), and Department of Internal Medicine III (H.-J.H., N.M.W., M.M., B.M., H.-A.K., L.H.L., J.B.), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (I.H.A.-T., J.H., M.S., N.V., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (A.E.-A., C.M.W., S.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany (A.E.-A.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B., A.V.); Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York (E.Y.S.); and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site HD/MA, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (B.M., H.A.K., C.V., J.B., T.W.). The current affiliation for H.-J.H. is the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lorenz H Lehmann
- From Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty (I.H.A.-T., N.M.W., K.S., C.V., S.L., T.W.), and Department of Internal Medicine III (H.-J.H., N.M.W., M.M., B.M., H.-A.K., L.H.L., J.B.), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (I.H.A.-T., J.H., M.S., N.V., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (A.E.-A., C.M.W., S.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany (A.E.-A.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B., A.V.); Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York (E.Y.S.); and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site HD/MA, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (B.M., H.A.K., C.V., J.B., T.W.). The current affiliation for H.-J.H. is the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannes Backs
- From Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty (I.H.A.-T., N.M.W., K.S., C.V., S.L., T.W.), and Department of Internal Medicine III (H.-J.H., N.M.W., M.M., B.M., H.-A.K., L.H.L., J.B.), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (I.H.A.-T., J.H., M.S., N.V., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (A.E.-A., C.M.W., S.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany (A.E.-A.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B., A.V.); Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York (E.Y.S.); and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site HD/MA, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (B.M., H.A.K., C.V., J.B., T.W.). The current affiliation for H.-J.H. is the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Edward Y Skolnik
- From Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty (I.H.A.-T., N.M.W., K.S., C.V., S.L., T.W.), and Department of Internal Medicine III (H.-J.H., N.M.W., M.M., B.M., H.-A.K., L.H.L., J.B.), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (I.H.A.-T., J.H., M.S., N.V., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (A.E.-A., C.M.W., S.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany (A.E.-A.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B., A.V.); Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York (E.Y.S.); and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site HD/MA, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (B.M., H.A.K., C.V., J.B., T.W.). The current affiliation for H.-J.H. is the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Lutz
- From Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty (I.H.A.-T., N.M.W., K.S., C.V., S.L., T.W.), and Department of Internal Medicine III (H.-J.H., N.M.W., M.M., B.M., H.-A.K., L.H.L., J.B.), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (I.H.A.-T., J.H., M.S., N.V., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (A.E.-A., C.M.W., S.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany (A.E.-A.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B., A.V.); Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York (E.Y.S.); and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site HD/MA, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (B.M., H.A.K., C.V., J.B., T.W.). The current affiliation for H.-J.H. is the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- From Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty (I.H.A.-T., N.M.W., K.S., C.V., S.L., T.W.), and Department of Internal Medicine III (H.-J.H., N.M.W., M.M., B.M., H.-A.K., L.H.L., J.B.), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (I.H.A.-T., J.H., M.S., N.V., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (A.E.-A., C.M.W., S.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany (A.E.-A.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B., A.V.); Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York (E.Y.S.); and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site HD/MA, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (B.M., H.A.K., C.V., J.B., T.W.). The current affiliation for H.-J.H. is the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Thomas Wieland
- From Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty (I.H.A.-T., N.M.W., K.S., C.V., S.L., T.W.), and Department of Internal Medicine III (H.-J.H., N.M.W., M.M., B.M., H.-A.K., L.H.L., J.B.), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (I.H.A.-T., J.H., M.S., N.V., D.D.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (A.E.-A., C.M.W., S.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany (A.E.-A.); Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (V.O.N.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Regensburg, Germany (S.N.); Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary (I.B., A.V.); Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York (E.Y.S.); and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site HD/MA, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (B.M., H.A.K., C.V., J.B., T.W.). The current affiliation for H.-J.H. is the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
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Chang DD, Colecraft HM. Rad and Rem are non-canonical G-proteins with respect to the regulatory role of guanine nucleotide binding in Ca(V)1.2 channel regulation. J Physiol 2016; 593:5075-90. [PMID: 26426338 DOI: 10.1113/jp270889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rad and Rem are Ras-like G-proteins linked to diverse cardiovascular functions and pathophysiology. Understanding how Rad and Rem are regulated is important for deepened insights into their pathophysiological roles. As in other Ras-like G-proteins, Rad and Rem contain a conserved guanine-nucleotide binding domain (G-domain). Canonically, G-domains are key control modules, functioning as nucleotide-regulated switches of G-protein activity. Whether Rad and Rem G-domains conform to this canonical paradigm is ambiguous. Here, we used multiple functional measurements in HEK293 cells and cardiomyocytes (Ca(V)1.2 currents, Ca(2+) transients, Ca(V)β binding) as biosensors to probe the role of the G-domain in regulation of Rad and Rem function. We utilized Rad(S105N) and Rem(T94N), which are the cognate mutants to Ras(S17N), a dominant-negative variant of Ras that displays decreased nucleotide binding affinity. In HEK293 cells, over-expression of either Rad(S105N) or Rem(T94N) strongly inhibited reconstituted Ca(V)1.2 currents to the same extent as their wild-type (wt) counterparts, contrasting with reports that Rad(S105N) is functionally inert in HEK293 cells. Adenovirus-mediated expression of either wt Rad or Rad(S105N) in cardiomyocytes dramatically blocked L-type calcium current (I(Ca,L)) and inhibited Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release, contradicting reports that Rad(S105N) acts as a dominant negative in heart. By contrast, Rem(T94N) was significantly less effective than wt Rem at inhibiting I(Ca,L) and Ca(2+) transients in cardiomyocytes. FRET analyses in cardiomyocytes revealed that both Rad(S105N) and Rem(T94N) had moderately reduced binding affinity for Ca(V)βs relative to their wt counterparts. The results indicate Rad and Rem are non-canonical G-proteins with respect to the regulatory role of their G-domain in Ca(V)1.2 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald D Chang
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Henry M Colecraft
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Toczek M, Zielonka D, Zukowska P, Marcinkowski JT, Slominska E, Isalan M, Smolenski RT, Mielcarek M. An impaired metabolism of nucleotides underpins a novel mechanism of cardiac remodeling leading to Huntington's disease related cardiomyopathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:2147-2157. [PMID: 27568644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is mainly thought of as a neurological disease, but multiple epidemiological studies have demonstrated a number of cardiovascular events leading to heart failure in HD patients. Our recent studies showed an increased risk of heart contractile dysfunction and dilated cardiomyopathy in HD pre-clinical models. This could potentially involve metabolic remodeling, that is a typical feature of the failing heart, with reduced activities of high energy phosphate generating pathways. In this study, we sought to identify metabolic abnormalities leading to HD-related cardiomyopathy in pre-clinical and clinical settings. We found that HD mouse models developed a profound deterioration in cardiac energy equilibrium, despite AMP-activated protein kinase hyperphosphorylation. This was accompanied by a reduced glucose usage and a significant deregulation of genes involved in de novo purine biosynthesis, in conversion of adenine nucleotides, and in adenosine metabolism. Consequently, we observed increased levels of nucleotide catabolites such as inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid, in murine and human HD serum. These effects may be caused locally by mutant HTT, via gain or loss of function effects, or distally by a lack of trophic signals from central nerve stimulation. Either may lead to energy equilibrium imbalances in cardiac cells, with activation of nucleotide catabolism plus an inhibition of re-synthesis. Our study suggests that future therapies should target cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction to ameliorate energetic dysfunction. Importantly, we describe the first set of biomarkers related to heart and skeletal muscle dysfunction in both pre-clinical and clinical HD settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Toczek
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Str, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Daniel Zielonka
- Department of Social Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Rokietnicka Str, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paulina Zukowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Str, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jerzy T Marcinkowski
- Department of Social Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Rokietnicka Str, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Str, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mark Isalan
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Str, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Michal Mielcarek
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, SW7 2AZ London, UK.
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Wieland T, Attwood PV. Alterations in reversible protein histidine phosphorylation as intracellular signals in cardiovascular disease. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:173. [PMID: 26347652 PMCID: PMC4543942 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation of amino acid side chains in proteins is a frequently used mechanism in cellular signal transduction and alterations of such phosphorylation patterns are very common in cardiovascular diseases. They reflect changes in the activities of the protein kinases and phosphatases involving signaling pathways. Phosphorylation of serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues has been extensively investigated in vertebrates, whereas reversible histidine phosphorylation, a well-known regulatory signal in lower organisms, has been largely neglected as it has been generally assumed that histidine phosphorylation is of minor importance in vertebrates. More recently, it has become evident that the nucleoside diphosphate kinase isoform B (NDPK-B), an ubiquitously expressed enzyme involved in nucleotide metabolism, and a highly specific phosphohistidine phosphatase (PHP) form a regulatory histidine protein kinase/phosphatase system in mammals. At least three well defined substrates of NDPK-B are known: The β-subunit of heterotrimeric G-proteins (Gβ), the intermediate conductance potassium channel SK4 and the Ca(2+) conducting TRP channel family member, TRPV5. In each of these proteins the phosphorylation of a specific histidine residue regulates cellular signal transduction or channel activity. This article will therefore summarize our current knowledge on protein histidine phosphorylation and highlight its relevance for cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wieland
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University , Mannheim, Germany
| | - Paul V Attwood
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia , Crawley, Australia
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Zhou XB, Feng YX, Sun Q, Lukowski R, Qiu Y, Spiger K, Li Z, Ruth P, Korth M, Skolnik EY, Borggrefe M, Dobrev D, Wieland T. Nucleoside diphosphate kinase B-activated intermediate conductance potassium channels are critical for neointima formation in mouse carotid arteries. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1852-61. [PMID: 26088577 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) proliferation is a hallmark of atherosclerosis and vascular restenosis. The intermediate conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (SK4) channel is required for pathological VSMC proliferation. In T lymphocytes, nucleoside diphosphate kinase B (NDPKB) has been implicated in SK4 channel activation. We thus investigated the role of NDPKB in the regulation of SK4 currents (ISK4) in proliferating VSMC and neointima formation. APPROACH AND RESULTS Function and expression of SK4 channels in VSMC from injured mouse carotid arteries were assessed by patch-clamping and real-time polymerase chain reaction. ISK4 was detectable in VSMC from injured but not from uninjured arteries correlating with the occurrence of the proliferative phenotype. Direct application of NDPKB to the membrane of inside-out patches increased ISK4, whereas NDPKB did not alter currents in VSMC obtained from injured vessels of SK4-deficient mice. The NDPKB-induced increase in ISK4 was prevented by protein histidine phosphatase 1, but not an inactive protein histidine phosphatase 1 mutant indicating that ISK4 is regulated via histidine phosphorylation in proliferating VSMC; moreover, genetic NDPKB ablation reduced ISK4 by 50% suggesting a constitutive activation of ISK4 in proliferating VSMC. In line, neointima formation after wire injury of the carotid artery was substantially reduced in mice deficient in SK4 channels or NDPKB. CONCLUSIONS NDPKB to SK4 signaling is required for neointima formation. Constitutive activation of SK4 by NDPKB in proliferating VSMC suggests that targeting this interaction via, for example, activation of protein histidine phosphatase 1 may provide clinically meaningful effects in vasculoproliferative diseases such as atherosclerosis and post angioplasty restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Zhou
- From the 1st Medical Clinic (X.B.-Z., M.B.), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (Y.-X.F., Y.Q., K.S., T.W.), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vessel Centre, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (Q.S., D.D.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.L., P.R.); Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (M.K.); Department of Medicine (Z.L., E.Y.S.) and Department of Pharmacology (Z.L., E.Y.S.), Langone Medical Center, New York University; and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (M.B., T.W.)
| | - Yu-Xi Feng
- From the 1st Medical Clinic (X.B.-Z., M.B.), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (Y.-X.F., Y.Q., K.S., T.W.), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vessel Centre, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (Q.S., D.D.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.L., P.R.); Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (M.K.); Department of Medicine (Z.L., E.Y.S.) and Department of Pharmacology (Z.L., E.Y.S.), Langone Medical Center, New York University; and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (M.B., T.W.)
| | - Qiang Sun
- From the 1st Medical Clinic (X.B.-Z., M.B.), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (Y.-X.F., Y.Q., K.S., T.W.), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vessel Centre, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (Q.S., D.D.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.L., P.R.); Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (M.K.); Department of Medicine (Z.L., E.Y.S.) and Department of Pharmacology (Z.L., E.Y.S.), Langone Medical Center, New York University; and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (M.B., T.W.)
| | - Robert Lukowski
- From the 1st Medical Clinic (X.B.-Z., M.B.), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (Y.-X.F., Y.Q., K.S., T.W.), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vessel Centre, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (Q.S., D.D.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.L., P.R.); Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (M.K.); Department of Medicine (Z.L., E.Y.S.) and Department of Pharmacology (Z.L., E.Y.S.), Langone Medical Center, New York University; and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (M.B., T.W.)
| | - Yi Qiu
- From the 1st Medical Clinic (X.B.-Z., M.B.), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (Y.-X.F., Y.Q., K.S., T.W.), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vessel Centre, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (Q.S., D.D.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.L., P.R.); Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (M.K.); Department of Medicine (Z.L., E.Y.S.) and Department of Pharmacology (Z.L., E.Y.S.), Langone Medical Center, New York University; and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (M.B., T.W.)
| | - Katharina Spiger
- From the 1st Medical Clinic (X.B.-Z., M.B.), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (Y.-X.F., Y.Q., K.S., T.W.), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vessel Centre, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (Q.S., D.D.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.L., P.R.); Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (M.K.); Department of Medicine (Z.L., E.Y.S.) and Department of Pharmacology (Z.L., E.Y.S.), Langone Medical Center, New York University; and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (M.B., T.W.)
| | - Zhai Li
- From the 1st Medical Clinic (X.B.-Z., M.B.), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (Y.-X.F., Y.Q., K.S., T.W.), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vessel Centre, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (Q.S., D.D.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.L., P.R.); Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (M.K.); Department of Medicine (Z.L., E.Y.S.) and Department of Pharmacology (Z.L., E.Y.S.), Langone Medical Center, New York University; and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (M.B., T.W.)
| | - Peter Ruth
- From the 1st Medical Clinic (X.B.-Z., M.B.), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (Y.-X.F., Y.Q., K.S., T.W.), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vessel Centre, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (Q.S., D.D.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.L., P.R.); Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (M.K.); Department of Medicine (Z.L., E.Y.S.) and Department of Pharmacology (Z.L., E.Y.S.), Langone Medical Center, New York University; and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (M.B., T.W.)
| | - Michael Korth
- From the 1st Medical Clinic (X.B.-Z., M.B.), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (Y.-X.F., Y.Q., K.S., T.W.), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vessel Centre, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (Q.S., D.D.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.L., P.R.); Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (M.K.); Department of Medicine (Z.L., E.Y.S.) and Department of Pharmacology (Z.L., E.Y.S.), Langone Medical Center, New York University; and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (M.B., T.W.)
| | - Edward Y Skolnik
- From the 1st Medical Clinic (X.B.-Z., M.B.), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (Y.-X.F., Y.Q., K.S., T.W.), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vessel Centre, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (Q.S., D.D.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.L., P.R.); Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (M.K.); Department of Medicine (Z.L., E.Y.S.) and Department of Pharmacology (Z.L., E.Y.S.), Langone Medical Center, New York University; and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (M.B., T.W.)
| | - Martin Borggrefe
- From the 1st Medical Clinic (X.B.-Z., M.B.), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (Y.-X.F., Y.Q., K.S., T.W.), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vessel Centre, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (Q.S., D.D.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.L., P.R.); Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (M.K.); Department of Medicine (Z.L., E.Y.S.) and Department of Pharmacology (Z.L., E.Y.S.), Langone Medical Center, New York University; and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (M.B., T.W.)
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- From the 1st Medical Clinic (X.B.-Z., M.B.), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (Y.-X.F., Y.Q., K.S., T.W.), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vessel Centre, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (Q.S., D.D.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.L., P.R.); Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (M.K.); Department of Medicine (Z.L., E.Y.S.) and Department of Pharmacology (Z.L., E.Y.S.), Langone Medical Center, New York University; and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (M.B., T.W.)
| | - Thomas Wieland
- From the 1st Medical Clinic (X.B.-Z., M.B.), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (Y.-X.F., Y.Q., K.S., T.W.), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vessel Centre, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (Q.S., D.D.); Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.L., P.R.); Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (M.K.); Department of Medicine (Z.L., E.Y.S.) and Department of Pharmacology (Z.L., E.Y.S.), Langone Medical Center, New York University; and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany (M.B., T.W.).
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Zhang P, Kofron CM, Mende U. Heterotrimeric G protein-mediated signaling and its non-canonical regulation in the heart. Life Sci 2015; 129:35-41. [PMID: 25818188 PMCID: PMC4415990 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) regulate a multitude of signaling pathways in mammalian cells by transducing signals from G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to effectors, which in turn regulate cellular function. In the myocardium, G protein signaling occurs in all cardiac cell types and is centrally involved in the regulation of heart rate, pump function, and vascular tone and in the response to hemodynamic stress and injury. Perturbations in G protein-mediated signaling are well known to contribute to cardiac hypertrophy, failure, and arrhythmias. Most of the currently used drugs for cardiac and other diseases target GPCR signaling. In the canonical G protein signaling paradigm, G proteins that are located at the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane become activated after an agonist-induced conformational change of GPCRs, which then allows GTP-bound Gα and free Gβγ subunits to activate or inhibit effector proteins. Research over the past two decades has markedly broadened the original paradigm with a GPCR-G protein-effector at the cell surface at its core by revealing novel binding partners and additional subcellular localizations for heterotrimeric G proteins that facilitate many previously unrecognized functional effects. In this review, we focus on non-canonical and epigenetic-related mechanisms that regulate heterotrimeric G protein expression, activation, and localization and discuss functional consequences using cardiac examples where possible. Mechanisms reviewed involve microRNAs, histone deacetylases, chaperones, alternative modes of G protein activation, and posttranslational modifications. Some of these newly characterized mechanisms may be further developed into novel strategies for the treatment of cardiac disease and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Celinda M Kofron
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ulrike Mende
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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22
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Takács-Vellai K, Vellai T, Farkas Z, Mehta A. Nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPKs) in animal development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1447-62. [PMID: 25537302 PMCID: PMC11113130 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1803-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In textbooks of biochemistry, nucleoside diphosphate conversion to a triphosphate by nucleoside diphosphate 'kinases' (NDPKs, also named NME or NM23 proteins) merits a few lines of text. Yet this essential metabolic function, mediated by a multimeric phosphotransferase protein, has effects that lie beyond a simple housekeeping role. NDPKs attracted more attention when NM23-H1 was identified as the first metastasis suppressor gene. In this review, we examine these NDPK enzymes from a developmental perspective because of the tractable phenotypes found in simple animal models that point to common themes. The data suggest that NDPK enzymes control the availability of surface receptors to regulate cell-sensing cues during cell migration. NDPKs regulate different forms of membrane enclosure that engulf dying cells during development. We suggest that NDPK enzymes have been essential for the regulated uptake of objects such as bacteria or micronutrients, and this evolutionarily conserved endocytic function contributes to their activity towards the regulation of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Takács-Vellai
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary,
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Ge L, Zhu MM, Yang JY, Wang F, Zhang R, Zhang JH, Shen J, Tian HF, Wu CF. Differential proteomic analysis of the anti-depressive effects of oleamide in a rat chronic mild stress model of depression. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 131:77-86. [PMID: 25641667 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a complex psychiatric disorder, and its etiology and pathophysiology are not completely understood. Depression involves changes in many biogenic amine, neuropeptide, and oxidative systems, as well as alterations in neuroendocrine function and immune-inflammatory pathways. Oleamide is a fatty amide which exhibits pharmacological effects leading to hypnosis, sedation, and anti-anxiety effects. In the present study, the chronic mild stress (CMS) model was used to investigate the antidepressant-like activity of oleamide. Rats were exposed to 10weeks of CMS or control conditions and were then subsequently treated with 2weeks of daily oleamide (5mg/kg, i.p.), fluoxetine (10mg/kg, i.p.), or vehicle. Protein extracts from the hippocampus were then collected, and hippocampal maps were generated by way of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Altered proteins induced by CMS and oleamide were identified through mass spectrometry and database searches. Compared to the control group, the CMS rats exhibited significantly less body weight gain and decreased sucrose consumption. Treatment with oleamide caused a reversal of the CMS-induced deficit in sucrose consumption. In the proteomic analysis, 12 protein spots were selected and identified. CMS increased the levels of adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 (AK1), nucleoside diphosphate kinase B (NDKB), histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1), acyl-protein thioesterase 2 (APT-2), and glutathione S-transferase A4 (GSTA4). Compared to the CMS samples, seven spots changed significantly following treatment with oleamide, including GSTA4, glutathione S-transferase A6 (GSTA6), GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran (Ran-GTP), ATP synthase subunit d, transgelin-3, small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 (SUMO2), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-1 (eIF5A1). Of these seven proteins, the level of eIF5A1 was up-regulated, whereas the remaining proteins were down-regulated. In conclusion, oleamide has antidepressant-like properties in the CMS rat model. The identification of proteins altered by CMS and oleamide treatment provides support for targeting these proteins in the development of novel therapies for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ge
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Ming-Ming Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Jing-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Life Science and Bio-pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Jing-Hai Zhang
- School of Life Science and Bio-pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Jing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Central Laboratory, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, PR China
| | - Hui-Fang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Central Laboratory, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, PR China
| | - Chun-Fu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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Progress on Nme (NDP kinase/Nm23/Awd) gene family-related functions derived from animal model systems: studies on development, cardiovascular disease, and cancer metastasis exemplified. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 388:109-17. [PMID: 25585611 PMCID: PMC10153104 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Melsom CB, Ørstavik Ø, Osnes JB, Skomedal T, Levy FO, Krobert KA. Gi proteins regulate adenylyl cyclase activity independent of receptor activation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106608. [PMID: 25203113 PMCID: PMC4159282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Despite the view that only β2- as opposed to β1-adrenoceptors (βARs) couple to Gi, some data indicate that the β1AR-evoked inotropic response is also influenced by the inhibition of Gi. Therefore, we wanted to determine if Gi exerts tonic receptor-independent inhibition upon basal adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity in cardiomyocytes. Experimental approach We used the Gs-selective (R,R)- and the Gs- and Gi-activating (R,S)-fenoterol to selectively activate β2ARs (β1AR blockade present) in combination with Gi inactivation with pertussis toxin (PTX). We also determined the effect of PTX upon basal and forskolin-mediated responses. Contractility was measured ex vivo in left ventricular strips and cAMP accumulation was measured in isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes from adult Wistar rats. Key results PTX amplified both the (R,R)- and (R,S)-fenoterol-evoked maximal inotropic response and concentration-dependent increases in cAMP accumulation. The EC50 values of fenoterol matched published binding affinities. The PTX enhancement of the Gs-selective (R,R)-fenoterol-mediated responses suggests that Gi regulates AC activity independent of receptor coupling to Gi protein. Consistent with this hypothesis, forskolin-evoked cAMP accumulation was increased and inotropic responses to forskolin were potentiated by PTX treatment. In non-PTX-treated tissue, phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3 and 4 inhibition or removal of either constitutive muscarinic receptor activation of Gi with atropine or removal of constitutive adenosine receptor activation with CGS 15943 had no effect upon contractility. However, in PTX-treated tissue, PDE3 and 4 inhibition alone increased basal levels of cAMP and accordingly evoked a large inotropic response. Conclusions and implications Together, these data indicate that Gi exerts intrinsic receptor-independent inhibitory activity upon AC. We propose that PTX treatment shifts the balance of intrinsic Gi and Gs activity upon AC towards Gs, enhancing the effect of all cAMP-mediated inotropic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bull Melsom
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øivind Ørstavik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan-Bjørn Osnes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Skomedal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn Olav Levy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Kurt Allen Krobert
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Luedde M, Lutz M, Carter N, Sosna J, Jacoby C, Vucur M, Gautheron J, Roderburg C, Borg N, Reisinger F, Hippe HJ, Linkermann A, Wolf MJ, Rose-John S, Lüllmann-Rauch R, Adam D, Flögel U, Heikenwalder M, Luedde T, Frey N. RIP3, a kinase promoting necroptotic cell death, mediates adverse remodelling after myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 103:206-16. [PMID: 24920296 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Programmed necrosis (necroptosis) represents a newly identified mechanism of cell death combining features of both apoptosis and necrosis. Like apoptosis, necroptosis is tightly regulated by distinct signalling pathways. A key regulatory role in programmed necrosis has been attributed to interactions of the receptor-interacting protein kinases, RIP1 and RIP3. However, the specific functional role of RIP3-dependent signalling and necroptosis in the heart is unknown. The aims of this study were thus to assess the significance of necroptosis and RIP3 in the context of myocardial ischaemia. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunoblots revealed strong expression of RIP3 in murine hearts, indicating potential functional significance of this protein in the myocardium. Consistent with a role in promoting necroptosis, adenoviral overexpression of RIP3 in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and stimulation with TNF-α induced the formation of a complex of RIP1 and RIP3. Moreover, RIP3 overexpression was sufficient to induce necroptosis of cardiomyocytes. In vivo, cardiac expression of RIP3 was up-regulated upon myocardial infarction (MI). Conversely, mice deficient for RIP3 (RIP3(-/-)) showed a significantly better ejection fraction (45 ± 3.6 vs. 32 ± 4.4%, P < 0.05) and less hypertrophy in magnetic resonance imaging studies 30 days after experimental infarction due to left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. This was accompanied by a diminished inflammatory response of infarcted hearts and decreased generation of reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSION Here, we show that RIP3-dependent necroptosis modulates post-ischaemic adverse remodelling in a mouse model of MI. This novel signalling pathway may thus be an attractive target for future therapies that aim to limit the adverse consequences of myocardial ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Luedde
- Department of Internal Medicine III: Cardiology and Angiology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, Haus 6, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Lutz
- Department of Internal Medicine III: Cardiology and Angiology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, Haus 6, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Natalie Carter
- Department of Internal Medicine III: Cardiology and Angiology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, Haus 6, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Justyna Sosna
- Institute of Immunology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Jacoby
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Mihael Vucur
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jérémie Gautheron
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Nadine Borg
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Florian Reisinger
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joerg Hippe
- Department of Internal Medicine III: Cardiology and Angiology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, Haus 6, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Monika J Wolf
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Dieter Adam
- Institute of Immunology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III: Cardiology and Angiology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, Haus 6, 24105 Kiel, Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
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Attwood PV, Wieland T. Nucleoside diphosphate kinase as protein histidine kinase. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 388:153-60. [PMID: 24961462 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Like phosphorylation of serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues in many organisms, reversible histidine phosphorylation is a well-known regulatory signal in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes. In vertebrates, phosphohistidine has been mainly described as a phosphorylated intermediate in enzymatic reactions, and it was believed that regulatory histidine phosphorylation is of minor importance. During the last decade, it became evident however, that nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK), an ubiquitously expressed enzyme required for nucleotide homeostasis, can additionally act as a protein histidine kinase. Especially for the isoform NDPK B, at least three defined substrates, the β subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins (Gβ), the intermediate conductance potassium channel KCa3.1, and the Ca(2+)-conducting TRP channel family member, TRPV5, have been identified. In all three proteins, the phosphorylation of a specific histidine residue is of regulatory importance for protein function, and these phosphohistidines are cleaved by a counteracting 14 kDa phosphohistidine phosphatase (PHP). This article will therefore give an overview of our current knowledge on protein histidine phosphorylation in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes and compare it with the regulatory phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of histidine residues in vertebrates by NDPK and PHP, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Attwood
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia (M310), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia,
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Longman MR, Ranieri A, Avkiran M, Snabaitis AK. Regulation of PP2AC carboxylmethylation and cellular localisation by inhibitory class G-protein coupled receptors in cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86234. [PMID: 24475092 PMCID: PMC3903491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic activity of the type 2A protein phosphatase (PP2A) holoenzyme, a major serine/threonine phosphatase in the heart, is conferred by its catalytic subunit (PP2AC). PP2AC activity and subcellular localisation can be regulated by reversible carboxylmethylation of its C-terminal leucine309 (leu309) residue. Previous studies have shown that the stimulation of adenosine type 1 receptors (A1.Rs) induces PP2AC carboxylmethylation and altered subcellular distribution in adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVM). In the current study, we show that the enzymatic components that regulate the carboxylmethylation status of PP2AC, leucine carboxylmethyltransferase-1 (LCMT-1) and phosphatase methylesterase-1 (PME-1) are abundantly expressed in, and almost entirely localised in the cytoplasm of ARVM. The stimulation of Gi-coupled A1.Rs with N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), and of other Gi-coupled receptors such as muscarinic M2 receptors (stimulated with carbachol) and angiotensin II AT2 receptors (stimulated with CGP42112) in ARVM, induced PP2AC carboxylmethylation at leu309 in a concentration-dependent manner. Exposure of ARVM to 10 µM CPA increased the cellular association between PP2AC and its methyltransferase LCMT-1, but not its esterase PME-1. Stimulation of A1.Rs with 10 µM CPA increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B at ser473, which was abolished by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (20 µM), thereby confirming that PI3K activity is upregulated in response to A1.R stimulation by CPA in ARVM. A1.R-induced PP2AC translocation to the particulate fraction was abrogated by adenoviral expression of the alpha subunit (Gαt1) coupled to the transducin G-protein coupled receptor. A similar inhibitory effect on A1.R-induced PP2AC translocation was also seen with LY294002 (20 µM). These data suggest that in ARVM, A1.R-induced PP2AC translocation to the particulate fraction occurs through a GiPCR-Gβγ-PI3K mediated intracellular signalling pathway, which may involve elevated PP2AC carboxylmethylation at leu309.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Longman
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Antonella Ranieri
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Metin Avkiran
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew K. Snabaitis
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, United Kingdom
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Benton MC, Lea RA, Macartney-Coxson D, Carless MA, Göring HH, Bellis C, Hanna M, Eccles D, Chambers GK, Curran JE, Harper JL, Blangero J, Griffiths LR. Mapping eQTLs in the Norfolk Island genetic isolate identifies candidate genes for CVD risk traits. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 93:1087-99. [PMID: 24314549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects millions of people worldwide and is influenced by numerous factors, including lifestyle and genetics. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) influence gene expression and are good candidates for CVD risk. Founder-effect pedigrees can provide additional power to map genes associated with disease risk. Therefore, we identified eQTLs in the genetic isolate of Norfolk Island (NI) and tested for associations between these and CVD risk factors. We measured genome-wide transcript levels of blood lymphocytes in 330 individuals and used pedigree-based heritability analysis to identify heritable transcripts. eQTLs were identified by genome-wide association testing of these transcripts. Testing for association between CVD risk factors (i.e., blood lipids, blood pressure, and body fat indices) and eQTLs revealed 1,712 heritable transcripts (p < 0.05) with heritability values ranging from 0.18 to 0.84. From these, we identified 200 cis-acting and 70 trans-acting eQTLs (p < 1.84 × 10(-7)) An eQTL-centric analysis of CVD risk traits revealed multiple associations, including 12 previously associated with CVD-related traits. Trait versus eQTL regression modeling identified four CVD risk candidates (NAAA, PAPSS1, NME1, and PRDX1), all of which have known biological roles in disease. In addition, we implicated several genes previously associated with CVD risk traits, including MTHFR and FN3KRP. We have successfully identified a panel of eQTLs in the NI pedigree and used this to implicate several genes in CVD risk. Future studies are required for further assessing the functional importance of these eQTLs and whether the findings here also relate to outbred populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles C Benton
- Genomics Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
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Competition for Gβγ dimers mediates a specific cross-talk between stimulatory and inhibitory G protein α subunits of the adenylyl cyclase in cardiomyocytes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 386:459-69. [PMID: 23615874 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins are key regulators of signaling pathways in mammalian cells. Beyond G protein-coupled receptors, the amount and mutual ratio of specific G protein α, β, and γ subunits determine the G protein signaling. However, little is known about mechanisms that regulate the concentration and composition of G protein subunits at the plasma membrane. Here, we show a novel cross-talk between stimulatory and inhibitory G protein α subunits (Gα) that is mediated by G protein βγ dimers and controls the abundance of specific Gα subunits at the plasma membrane. Firstly, we observed in heart tissue from constitutively Gαi2- and Gαi3-deficient mice that the loss of Gαi2 and Gαi3 was accompanied by a slight increase in the protein content of the nontargeted Gαi isoform. Therefore, we analyzed whether overexpression of selected Gα subunits conversely impairs endogenous G protein α and β subunit levels in cardiomyocytes. Integration of overexpressed Gαi2 subunits into heterotrimeric G proteins was verified by co-immunoprecipitation. Adenoviral expression of increasing amounts of Gαi2 led to a reduction of Gαi3 (up to 90 %) and Gαs (up to 75 %) protein levels. Likewise, increasing amounts of adenovirally expressed Gαs resulted in a linear 75 % decrease in both Gαi2 and Gαi3 protein levels. In contrast, overexpression of either Gαi or Gαs isoform did not influence the amount of Gαo and Gαq, both of which are not involved in the regulation of adenylyl cyclase activity. The mRNA expression of the disappearing endogenous Gα subunits was not affected, indicating a posttranslational mechanism. Interestingly, the amount of endogenous G protein βγ dimers was not altered by any Gα overexpression. However, the increase of Gβγ level by adenoviral expression prevented the loss of endogenous Gαs and Gαi3 in Gαi2 overexpressing cardiomyocytes. Thus, our results provide evidence for a novel mechanism cross-regulating adenylyl cyclase-modulating Gαi isoforms and Gαs proteins. The Gα subunits apparently compete for a limited amount of Gβγ dimers, which are required for G protein heterotrimer formation at the plasma membrane.
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P-N bond protein phosphatases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2012; 1834:470-8. [PMID: 22450136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The current work briefly reviews what is currently known about protein phosphorylation on arginine, lysine and histidine residues, where PN bonds are formed, and the protein kinases that catalyze these reactions. Relatively little is understood about protein arginine and lysine kinases and the role of phosphorylation of these residues in cellular systems. Protein histidine phosphorylation and the two-component histidine kinases play important roles in cellular signaling systems in bacteria, plants and fungi. Their roles in vertebrates are much less well researched and there are no protein kinases similar to the two-component histidine kinases. The main focus of the review however, is to present current knowledge of the characterization, mechanisms of action and biological roles of the phosphatases that catalyze the hydrolysis of these phosphoamino acids. Very little is known about protein phosphoarginine and phospholysine phosphatases, although their existence is well documented. Some of these phosphatases exhibit very broad specificity in terms of which phosphoamino acids are substrates, however there appear to be one or two quite specific protein phospholysine and phosphoarginine phosphatases. Similarly, there are phosphatases with broad substrate specificities that catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphohistidine in protein substrates, including the serine/threonine phosphatases 1, 2A and 2C. However there are two, more specific, protein phosphohistidine phosphatases that have been well characterized and for which structures are available, SixA is a phosphatase associated with two-component histidine kinase signaling in bacteria, and the other is found in a number of organisms, including mammals. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chemistry and mechanism of phosphatases, diesterases and triesterases.
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Carbajo-Lozoya J, Lutz S, Feng Y, Kroll J, Hammes HP, Wieland T. Angiotensin II modulates VEGF-driven angiogenesis by opposing effects of type 1 and type 2 receptor stimulation in the microvascular endothelium. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1261-9. [PMID: 22374305 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a main stimulator of pathological vessel formation. Nevertheless, increasing evidence suggests that Angiotensin II (Ang II) can play an augmentory role in this process. We thus analyzed the contribution of the two Ang II receptor types, AT(1)R and AT(2)R, in a mouse model of VEGF-driven angiogenesis, i.e. oxygen-induced proliferative retinopathy. Application of the AT(1)R antagonist telmisartan but not the AT(2)R antagonist PD123,319 largely attenuated the pathological response. A direct effect of Ang II on endothelial cells (EC) was analyzed by assessing angiogenic responses in primary bovine retinal and immortalized rat microvascular EC. Selective stimulation of the AT(1)R by Ang II in the presence of PD123,319 revealed a pro-angiogenic activity which further increased VEGF-driven EC sprouting and migration. In contrast, selective stimulation of the AT(2)R by either CGP42112A or Ang II in the presence of telmisartan inhibited the VEGF-driven angiogenic response. Using specific inhibitors (pertussis toxin, RGS proteins, kinase inhibitors) we identified G(12/13) and G(i) dependent signaling pathways as the mediators of the AT(1)R-induced angiogenesis and the AT(2)R-induced inhibition, respectively. As AT(1)R and AT(2)R stimulation displays opposing effects on the activity of the monomeric GTPase RhoA and pro-angiogenic responses to Ang II and VEGF requires activation of Rho-dependent kinase (ROCK), we conclude that the opposing effects of the Ang II receptors on VEGF-driven angiogenesis converge on the regulation of activity of RhoA-ROCK-dependent EC migration.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/metabolism
- Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cattle
- Cell Movement
- Cells, Cultured
- Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/growth & development
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, G12-G13/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microvessels/cytology
- Microvessels/growth & development
- Microvessels/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Rats
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/metabolism
- Retina/pathology
- Retina/ultrastructure
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Carbajo-Lozoya
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Maybachstrasse 14, D-68169 Mannheim, Germany
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Tilley DG. G protein-dependent and G protein-independent signaling pathways and their impact on cardiac function. Circ Res 2011; 109:217-30. [PMID: 21737817 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.231225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors signal through a variety of mechanisms that impact cardiac function, including contractility and hypertrophy. G protein-dependent and G protein-independent pathways each have the capacity to initiate numerous intracellular signaling cascades to mediate these effects. G protein-dependent signaling has been studied for decades and great strides continue to be made in defining the intricate pathways and effectors regulated by G proteins and their impact on cardiac function. G protein-independent signaling is a relatively newer concept that is being explored more frequently in the cardiovascular system. Recent studies have begun to reveal how cardiac function may be regulated via G protein-independent signaling, especially with respect to the ever-expanding cohort of β-arrestin-mediated processes. This review primarily focuses on the impact of both G protein-dependent and β-arrestin-dependent signaling pathways on cardiac function, highlighting the most recent data that illustrate the comprehensive nature of these mechanisms of G protein-coupled receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G Tilley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, and Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, 402 College Building, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Nishida M. Roles of heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins in the progression of heart failure. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 117:1-5. [PMID: 21821969 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11r05cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a major cause of death in developed countries, and the development of an epoch-making cure is desired from the viewpoint for improving the quality of life and reducing the medical cost of the patient. The importance of neurohumoral factors, such as angiotensin (Ang) II and catecholamine, for the progression of heart failure has been supported by a variety of evidence. These agonists stimulate seven transmembrane-spanning receptors that are coupled to heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins). Using specific pharmacological tools to assess the involvement of G protein signaling pathways, we have revealed that α subunit of G(q) (Gα(q)) activates Ca(2+)-dependent hypertrophic signaling through diacylglycerol-activated transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels (TRPC3 and TRPC6: TRPC3/6). In contrast, activation of Gα(12) family proteins in cardiomyocytes confers pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis via stimulation of purinergic P2Y(6) receptors induced by extracellular nucleotides released from cardiomyocytes. In fact, direct or indirect inhibition of TRPC3/6 or P2Y(6) receptors attenuates pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. These findings will provide a new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Nishida
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan.
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Nucleoside diphosphate kinase B is required for the formation of heterotrimeric G protein containing caveolae. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011; 384:461-72. [PMID: 21409430 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Caveolae are flask-shaped invaginations in the plasma membrane that serve to compartmentalize and organize signal transduction processes, including signals mediated by G protein-coupled receptors and heterotrimeric G proteins. Herein we report evidence for a close association of the nucleoside diphosphate kinase B (NDPK B) and caveolin proteins which is required for G protein scaffolding and caveolae formation. A concomitant loss of the proteins NDPK B, caveolin isoforms 1 (Cav1) and 3, and heterotrimeric G proteins occurred when one of these proteins was specifically depleted in zebrafish embryos. Co-immunoprecipitation of Cav1 with the G protein Gβ-subunit and NDPK B from zebrafish lysates corroborated the direct association of these proteins. Similarly, in embryonic fibroblasts from the respective knockout (KO) mice, the membrane content of the Cav1, Gβ, and NDPK B was found to be mutually dependent on one another. A redistribution of Cav1 and Gβ from the caveolae containing fractions of lower density to other membrane compartments with higher density could be detected by means of density gradient fractionation of membranes derived from NDPK A/B KO mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and after shRNA-mediated NDPK B knockdown in H10 cardiomyocytes. This redistribution could be visualized by confocal microscopy analysis showing a decrease in the plasma membrane bound Cav1 in NDPK A/B KO cells and vice versa and a decrease in the plasma membrane pool of NDPK B in Cav1 KO cells. Consequently, ultrastructural analysis revealed a reduction of surface caveolae in the NDPK A/B KO cells. To prove that the disturbed subcellular localization of Cav1 in NDPK A/B KO MEFs as well as NDPK B in Cav1 KO MEFs is a result of the loss of NDPK B and Cav1, respectively, we performed rescue experiments. The adenoviral re-expression of NDPK B in NDPK A/B KO MEFs rescued the protein content and the plasma membrane localization of Cav1. The expression of an EGFP-Cav1 fusion protein in Cav1-KO cells induced a restoration of NDPK B expression levels and its appearance at the plasma membrane. We conclude from these findings that NDPK B, heterotrimeric G proteins, and caveolins are mutually dependent on each other for stabile localization and caveolae formation at the plasma membrane. The data point to a disturbed transport of caveolin/G protein/NDPK B complexes from intracellular membrane compartments if one of the components is missing.
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Wang QQ, Zhao X, Pu XP. Proteome analysis of the left ventricle in the vitamin D₃ and nicotine-induced rat vascular calcification model. J Proteomics 2011; 74:480-9. [PMID: 21237295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D₃ and nicotine (VDN) serve as an animal model of arterial calcification. The vascular calcification induced by the VDN model is always accompanied by compensatory left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and impaired cardiac performance. To determine the possible mechanisms that are responsible for the effects of VDN on the LV, a 2-DE based proteomics approach was used to evaluate the changes in protein expression of the left ventricle in VDN rats, to our knowledge, for the first time. We identified sixteen proteins that were markedly altered and involved in mitochondrial function, heat shock protein activity, myocyte cytoskeleton composition and enzyme activity for energy metabolism. We describe, for the first time, a novel pathway (NDPK) that is involved in LV hypertrophy and enzyme activities of three of the sixteen clinical identified proteins: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), SOD [Mn] and GST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Wang
- National Key Research laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
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37
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Völkers M, Weidenhammer C, Herzog N, Qiu G, Spaich K, Wegner FV, Peppel K, Müller OJ, Schinkel S, Rabinowitz JE, Hippe HJ, Brinks H, Katus HA, Koch WJ, Eckhart AD, Friedrich O, Most P. The inotropic peptide βARKct improves βAR responsiveness in normal and failing cardiomyocytes through G(βγ)-mediated L-type calcium current disinhibition. Circ Res 2011; 108:27-39. [PMID: 21106943 PMCID: PMC4013502 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.225201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The G(βγ)-sequestering peptide β-adrenergic receptor kinase (βARK)ct derived from the G-protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK)2 carboxyl terminus has emerged as a promising target for gene-based heart failure therapy. Enhanced downstream cAMP signaling has been proposed as the underlying mechanism for increased β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) responsiveness. However, molecular targets mediating improved cardiac contractile performance by βARKct and its impact on G(βγ)-mediated signaling have yet to be fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify G(βγ)-regulated targets and signaling mechanisms conveying βARKct-mediated enhanced βAR responsiveness in normal (NC) and failing (FC) adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Assessing viral-based βARKct gene delivery with electrophysiological techniques, analysis of contractile performance, subcellular Ca²(+) handling, and site-specific protein phosphorylation, we demonstrate that βARKct enhances the cardiac L-type Ca²(+) channel (LCC) current (I(Ca)) both in NCs and FCs on βAR stimulation. Mechanistically, βARKct augments I(Ca) by preventing enhanced inhibitory interaction between the α1-LCC subunit (Cav1.2α) and liberated G(βγ) subunits downstream of activated βARs. Despite improved βAR contractile responsiveness, βARKct neither increased nor restored cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and calmodulin-dependent kinase II signaling including unchanged protein kinase (PK)Cε, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, Akt, ERK5, and p38 activation both in NCs and FCs. Accordingly, although βARKct significantly increases I(Ca) and Ca²(+) transients, being susceptible to suppression by recombinant G(βγ) protein and use-dependent LCC blocker, βARKct-expressing cardiomyocytes exhibit equal basal and βAR-stimulated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²(+) load, spontaneous diastolic Ca²(+) leakage, and survival rates and were less susceptible to field-stimulated Ca²(+) waves compared with controls. CONCLUSION Our study identifies a G(βγ)-dependent signaling pathway attenuating cardiomyocyte I(Ca) on βAR as molecular target for the G(βγ)-sequestering peptide βARKct. Targeted interruption of this inhibitory signaling pathway by βARKct confers improved βAR contractile responsiveness through increased I(Ca) without enhancing regular or restoring abnormal cAMP-signaling. βARKct-mediated improvement of I(Ca) rendered cardiomyocytes neither susceptible to βAR-induced damage nor arrhythmogenic sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²(+) leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Völkers
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christian Weidenhammer
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicole Herzog
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gang Qiu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristin Spaich
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frederic V Wegner
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karsten Peppel
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stefanie Schinkel
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph E Rabinowitz
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hans-Jorg Hippe
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Henriette Brinks
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea D Eckhart
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Most
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Hippe HJ, Abu-Taha I, Wolf NM, Katus HA, Wieland T. Through scaffolding and catalytic actions nucleoside diphosphate kinase B differentially regulates basal and β-adrenoceptor-stimulated cAMP synthesis. Cell Signal 2010; 23:579-85. [PMID: 21111809 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Revised: 11/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
β-adrenoceptors (βAR) play a central role in the regulation of cAMP synthesis and cardiac contractility. Nucleoside diphosphate kinase B (NDPK B) regulates cAMP signalling by complex formation with Gβγ dimers thereby activating and stabilizing heterotrimeric G(s) proteins, key transducer of βAR signals into the cell. Here, we explored the requirement of NDPK B for basal and βAR-stimulated cAMP synthesis and analysed the underlying mechanisms by comparing wild-type NDPK B (WT) and its catalytically inactive H118N mutant. Stable overexpression of both WT- and H118N-NDPK B in cardiomyocyte derived H10 cells increased the plasma membrane content of G(s) and caveolin-1 and thus enhanced the isoproterenol (ISO)-stimulated cAMP-synthesis by about 2-fold. Conversely, the loss of NDPK B in embryonic fibroblasts from NDPK A/B-depleted mice was associated with a severe reduction in membranous G(s) protein and carveolin-1 content causing a marked decrease in basal and ISO-induced cAMP formation. Re-expression of NDPK B, but not of NDPK A, was able to rescue this phenotype. Both, re-expression of WT- and H118N-NDPK B induced the re-appearance of G(s) and caveolin-1 at the plasma membrane to a similar extent. Accordingly, WT- and H118N-NDPK B similarly enhanced ISO-induced cAMP formation. In contrast, the catalytically inactive H118N-NDPK B was less potent and less effective in rescuing basal cAMP production. Identical results were obtained in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes after siRNA-induced knockdown and adenoviral re-expression of NDPK B. Our data reveal that NDPK B regulates G(s) function by two different mechanisms. The complex formation of NDPK B with G(s) is required for the stabilization of the G protein content at the plasma membrane. In addition, the NDPK B-dependent phosphotransfer reaction, which requires the catalytic activity, specifically allows a receptor-independent, basal G(s) activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joerg Hippe
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, INF 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Di L, Srivastava S, Zhdanova O, Sun Y, Li Z, Skolnik EY. Nucleoside diphosphate kinase B knock-out mice have impaired activation of the K+ channel KCa3.1, resulting in defective T cell activation. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:38765-71. [PMID: 20884616 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.168070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPKs) are encoded by the Nme (non-metastatic cell) gene family. Although they comprise a family of 10 genes, NDPK-A and -B are ubiquitously expressed and account for most of the NDPK activity. We previously showed that NDPK-B activates the K(+) channel KCa3.1 via histidine phosphorylation of the C terminus of KCa3.1, which is required for T cell receptor-stimulated Ca(2+) flux and proliferation of activated naive human CD4 T cells. We now report the phenotype of NDPK-B(-/-) mice. NDPK-B(-/-) mice are phenotypically normal at birth with a normal life span. Although T and B cell development is normal in NDPK-B(-/-) mice, KCa3.1 channel activity and cytokine production are markedly defective in T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells, whereas Th17 function is normal. These findings phenocopy studies in the same cells isolated from KCa3.1(-/-) mice and thereby support genetically that NDPK-B functions upstream of KCa3.1. NDPK-A and -B have been linked to an astonishing array of disparate cellular and biochemical functions, few of which have been confirmed in vivo in physiological relevant systems. NDPK-B(-/-) mice will be an essential tool with which to definitively address the biological functions of NDPK-B. Our finding that NDPK-B is required for activation of Th1 and Th2 CD4 T cells, together with the normal overall phenotype of NDPK-B(-/-) mice, suggests that specific pharmacological inhibitors of NDPK-B may provide new opportunities to treat Th1- and Th2-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Di
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
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Nishida M, Ohba M, Nakaya M, Kurose H. [Molecular mechanism underlying the development of heart failure mediated by heterotrimeric G protein signaling]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2010; 135:179-183. [PMID: 20467166 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.135.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Reversible histidine phosphorylation in mammalian cells: a teeter-totter formed by nucleoside diphosphate kinase and protein histidine phosphatase 1. Methods Enzymol 2010; 471:379-402. [PMID: 20946858 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(10)71020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of protein phosphorylation by kinases and phosphatases is involved in many signaling pathways in mammalian cells. In contrast to prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes a role for the reversible phosphorylation of histidine residues is just emerging. The β subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins, the metabolic enzyme adenosine 5'-triphosphate-citrate lyase (ACL), and the Ca2+-activated K+ channel KCa3.1 have been identified as targets for nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) acting as protein histidine kinase and the so far only identified mammalian protein histidine phosphatase (PHPT-1). Herein, we describe the analysis of the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of histidine residues by NDPK and PHPT-1. In addition, experimental protocols for studying the consequences of heterotrimeric G protein activation via NDPK/Gβγ mediated phosphorelay, the regulation of ACL activity and of KCa3.1 conductivity by histidine phosphorylation will be presented.
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Chemical phosphorylation of histidine-containing peptides based on the sequence of histone H4 and their dephosphorylation by protein histidine phosphatase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2010; 1804:199-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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The interaction of nucleoside diphosphate kinase B with Gbetagamma dimers controls heterotrimeric G protein function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:16269-74. [PMID: 19805292 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0901679106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins in physiological and pathological processes have been extensively studied so far. However, little is known about mechanisms regulating the cellular content and compartmentalization of G proteins. Here, we show that the association of nucleoside diphosphate kinase B (NDPK B) with the G protein betagamma dimer (Gbetagamma) is required for G protein function in vivo. In zebrafish embryos, morpholino-mediated knockdown of zebrafish NDPK B, but not NDPK A, results in a severe decrease in cardiac contractility. The depletion of NDPK B is associated with a drastic reduction in Gbeta(1)gamma(2) dimer expression. Moreover, the protein levels of the adenylyl cyclase (AC)-regulating Galpha(s) and Galpha(i) subunits as well as the caveolae scaffold proteins caveolin-1 and -3 are strongly reduced. In addition, the knockdown of the zebrafish Gbeta(1) orthologs, Gbeta(1) and Gbeta(1like), causes a cardiac phenotype very similar to that of NDPK B morphants. The loss of Gbeta(1)/Gbeta(1like) is associated with a down-regulation in caveolins, AC-regulating Galpha-subunits, and most important, NDPK B. A comparison of embryonic fibroblasts from wild-type and NDPK A/B knockout mice demonstrate a similar reduction of G protein, caveolin-1 and basal cAMP content in mammalian cells that can be rescued by re-expression of human NDPK B. Thus, our results suggest a role for the interaction of NDPK B with Gbetagamma dimers and caveolins in regulating membranous G protein content and maintaining normal G protein function in vivo.
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Dupré DJ, Robitaille M, Rebois RV, Hébert TE. The role of Gbetagamma subunits in the organization, assembly, and function of GPCR signaling complexes. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2009; 49:31-56. [PMID: 18834311 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-061008-103038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of Gbetagamma subunits in cellular signaling has become well established in the past 20 years. Not only do they regulate effectors once thought to be the sole targets of Galpha subunits, but it has become clear that they also have a unique set of binding partners and regulate signaling pathways that are not always localized to the plasma membrane. However, this may be only the beginning of the story. Gbetagamma subunits interact with G protein-coupled receptors, Galpha subunits, and several different effector molecules during assembly and trafficking of receptor-based signaling complexes and not simply in response to ligand stimulation at sites of receptor cellular activity. Gbetagamma assembly itself seems to be tightly regulated via the action of molecular chaperones and in turn may serve a similar role in the assembly of specific signaling complexes. We propose that specific Gbetagamma subunits have a broader role in controlling the architecture, assembly, and activity of cellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis J Dupré
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPK) are encoded by the NME genes, also called NM23. They catalyze the transfer of gamma-phosphate from nucleoside triphosphates to nucleoside diphosphates by a ping-pong mechanism involving the formation of a high energy phospho-histidine intermediate [1, 2]. Besides their known functions in the control of intracellular nucleotide homeostasis, they are involved in multiple physiological and pathological cellular processes such as differentiation, development, metastastic dissemination or cilia functions. Over the past 15 years, ten human genes have been discovered encoding partial, full length, and/or tandemly repeated Nm23/NDPK domains, with or without N-or C-terminal extensions and/or additional domains. These genes encode proteins exhibiting different functions at various tissular and subcellular localizations. Most of these genes appear late in evolution with the emergence of the vertebrate lineage. This review summarizes the present knowledge on these multitalented proteins.
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Boissan M, Dabernat S, Peuchant E, Schlattner U, Lascu I, Lacombe ML. The mammalian Nm23/NDPK family: from metastasis control to cilia movement. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 329:51-62. [PMID: 19387795 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPK) are encoded by the NME genes, also called NM23. They catalyze the transfer of gamma-phosphate from nucleoside triphosphates to nucleoside diphosphates by a ping-pong mechanism involving the formation of a high energy phospho-histidine intermediate [1, 2]. Besides their known functions in the control of intracellular nucleotide homeostasis, they are involved in multiple physiological and pathological cellular processes such as differentiation, development, metastastic dissemination or cilia functions. Over the past 15 years, ten human genes have been discovered encoding partial, full length, and/or tandemly repeated Nm23/NDPK domains, with or without N-or C-terminal extensions and/or additional domains. These genes encode proteins exhibiting different functions at various tissular and subcellular localizations. Most of these genes appear late in evolution with the emergence of the vertebrate lineage. This review summarizes the present knowledge on these multitalented proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Boissan
- INSERM UMRS_938, UMPC Université Paris 06, 75012 Paris, France
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Klumpp S, Krieglstein J. Reversible phosphorylation of histidine residues in proteins from vertebrates. Sci Signal 2009; 2:pe13. [PMID: 19278958 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.261pe13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Signaling by kinases and phosphatases that act on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues of proteins is among the most extensively studied regulatory mechanisms in mammalian cells, and research focused in this area is ongoing. We are just beginning to appreciate that such signaling mechanisms are extended and enriched by the reversible phosphorylation of histidine residues. The most exciting developments in this field to date come from studies on the beta subunit of heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate-binding proteins (G proteins), the enzyme adenosine 5'-triphosphate-citrate lyase, and now the Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel KCa3.1, all of which are targeted by nucleoside diphosphate kinase (which phosphorylates histidines) and protein histidine phosphatase (which dephosphorylates phosphorylated histidines).
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Klumpp
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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Korhonen H, Fisslthaler B, Moers A, Wirth A, Habermehl D, Wieland T, Schütz G, Wettschureck N, Fleming I, Offermanns S. Anaphylactic shock depends on endothelial Gq/G11. J Exp Med 2009; 206:411-20. [PMID: 19171764 PMCID: PMC2646572 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20082150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction involving multiple organs including the bronchial and cardiovascular system. Most anaphylactic mediators, like platelet-activating factor (PAF), histamine, and others, act through G protein-coupled receptors, which are linked to the heterotrimeric G proteins G(q)/G(11), G(12)/G(13), and G(i). The role of downstream signaling pathways activated by anaphylactic mediators in defined organs during anaphylactic reactions is largely unknown. Using genetic mouse models that allow for the conditional abrogation of G(q)/G(11)- and G(12)/G(13)-mediated signaling pathways by inducible Cre/loxP-mediated mutagenesis in endothelial cells (ECs), we show that G(q)/G(11)-mediated signaling in ECs is required for the opening of the endothelial barrier and the stimulation of nitric oxide formation by various inflammatory mediators as well as by local anaphylaxis. The systemic effects of anaphylactic mediators like histamine and PAF, but not of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), are blunted in mice with endothelial G alpha(q)/G alpha(11) deficiency. Mice with endothelium-specific G alpha(q)/G alpha(11) deficiency, but not with G alpha(12)/G alpha(13) deficiency, are protected against the fatal consequences of passive and active systemic anaphylaxis. This identifies endothelial G(q)/G(11)-mediated signaling as a critical mediator of fatal systemic anaphylaxis and, hence, as a potential new target to prevent or treat anaphylactic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Korhonen
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Fisslthaler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexandra Moers
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Wirth
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Habermehl
- Division Molecular Biology of the Cell 1, German Cancer Research Center,69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68169 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Günther Schütz
- Division Molecular Biology of the Cell 1, German Cancer Research Center,69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Wettschureck
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
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Orlov DN, Orlov NY. Nucleoside diphosphate kinase and GTP-binding proteins. Possible mechanisms of coupling. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s000635090806002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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50
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Abstract
G protein betagamma subunits are central participants in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways. They interact with receptors, G protein alpha subunits and downstream targets to coordinate multiple, different GPCR functions. Much is known about the biology of Gbetagamma subunits but mysteries remain. Here, we will review what is known about general aspects of structure and function of Gbetagamma as well as discuss emerging mechanisms for regulation of Gbetagamma signaling. Recent data suggest that Gbetagamma is a potential therapeutic drug target. Thus, a thorough understanding of the molecular and physiological functions of Gbetagamma has significant implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Smrcka
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
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