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Terrar DA. Timing mechanisms to control heart rhythm and initiate arrhythmias: roles for intracellular organelles, signalling pathways and subsarcolemmal Ca 2. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220170. [PMID: 37122228 PMCID: PMC10150226 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhythms of electrical activity in all regions of the heart can be influenced by a variety of intracellular membrane bound organelles. This is true both for normal pacemaker activity and for abnormal rhythms including those caused by early and delayed afterdepolarizations under pathological conditions. The influence of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) on cardiac electrical activity is widely recognized, but other intracellular organelles including lysosomes and mitochondria also contribute. Intracellular organelles can provide a timing mechanism (such as an SR clock driven by cyclic uptake and release of Ca2+, with an important influence of intraluminal Ca2+), and/or can act as a Ca2+ store involved in signalling mechanisms. Ca2+ plays many diverse roles including carrying electric current, driving electrogenic sodium-calcium exchange (NCX) particularly when Ca2+ is extruded across the surface membrane causing depolarization, and activation of enzymes which target organelles and surface membrane proteins. Heart function is also influenced by Ca2+ mobilizing agents (cADP-ribose, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate and inositol trisphosphate) acting on intracellular organelles. Lysosomal Ca2+ release exerts its effects via calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II to promote SR Ca2+ uptake, and contributes to arrhythmias resulting from excessive beta-adrenoceptor stimulation. A separate arrhythmogenic mechanism involves lysosomes, mitochondria and SR. Interacting intracellular organelles, therefore, have profound effects on heart rhythms and NCX plays a central role. This article is part of the theme issue 'The heartbeat: its molecular basis and physiological mechanisms'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Terrar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
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2
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Terrar DA. Endolysosomal Calcium Release and Cardiac Physiology. Cell Calcium 2022; 104:102565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Agorrody G, Peclat TR, Peluso G, Gonano LA, Santos L, van Schooten W, Chini CCS, Escande C, Chini EN, Contreras P. Benefits in cardiac function by CD38 suppression: Improvement in NAD + levels, exercise capacity, heart rate variability and protection against catecholamine induced ventricular arrhythmias. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 166:11-22. [PMID: 35114253 PMCID: PMC9035106 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
CD38 enzymatic activity regulates NAD+ and cADPR levels in mammalian tissues, and therefore has a prominent role in cellular metabolism and calcium homeostasis. Consequently, it is reasonable to hypothesize about its involvement in cardiovascular physiology as well as in heart related pathological conditions. AIM To investigate the role of CD38 in cardiovascular performance, and its involvement in cardiac electrophysiology and calcium-handling. METHODS AND RESULTS When submitted to a treadmill exhaustion test, a way of evaluating cardiovascular performance, adult male CD38KO mice showed better exercise capacity. This benefit was also obtained in genetically modified mice with catalytically inactive (CI) CD38 and in WT mice treated with antibody 68 (Ab68) which blocks CD38 activity. Hearts from these 3 groups (CD38KO, CD38CI and Ab68) showed increased NAD+ levels. When CD38KO mice were treated with FK866 which inhibits NAD+ biosynthesis, exercise capacity as well as NAD+ in heart tissue decreased to WT levels. Electrocardiograms of conscious unrestrained CD38KO and CD38CI mice showed lower basal heart rates and higher heart rate variability than WT mice. Although inactivation of CD38 in mice resulted in increased SERCA2a expression in the heart, the frequency of spontaneous calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum under stressful conditions (high extracellular calcium concentration) was lower in CD38KO ventricular myocytes. When mice were challenged with caffeine-epinephrine, CD38KO mice had a lower incidence of bidirectional ventricular tachycardia when compared to WT ones. CONCLUSION CD38 inhibition improves exercise performance by regulating NAD+ homeostasis. CD38 is involved in cardiovascular function since its genetic ablation decreases basal heart rate, increases heart rate variability and alters calcium handling in a way that protects mice from developing catecholamine induced ventricular arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Agorrody
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Fisiología Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Thais R Peclat
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gonzalo Peluso
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Luis A Gonano
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Horacio Cingolani, CONICET La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Santos
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Aging, INDICyO Program, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | | | - Claudia C S Chini
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Carlos Escande
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Aging, INDICyO Program, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo N Chini
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Paola Contreras
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Aging, INDICyO Program, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
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Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to discuss evidence concerning the many roles of calcium ions, Ca2+, in cell signaling pathways that control heart function. Before considering details of these signaling pathways, the control of contraction in ventricular muscle by Ca2+ transients accompanying cardiac action potentials is first summarized, together with a discussion of how myocytes from the atrial and pacemaker regions of the heart diverge from this basic scheme. Cell signaling pathways regulate the size and timing of the Ca2+ transients in the different heart regions to influence function. The simplest Ca2+ signaling elements involve enzymes that are regulated by cytosolic Ca2+. Particularly important examples to be discussed are those that are stimulated by Ca2+, including Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMKII), Ca2+ stimulated adenylyl cyclases, Ca2+ stimulated phosphatase and NO synthases. Another major aspect of Ca2+ signaling in the heart concerns actions of the Ca2+ mobilizing agents, inositol trisphosphate (IP3), cADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate, (NAADP). Evidence concerning roles of these Ca2+ mobilizing agents in different regions of the heart is discussed in detail. The focus of the review will be on short term regulation of Ca2+ transients and contractile function, although it is recognized that Ca2+ regulation of gene expression has important long term functional consequences which will also be briefly discussed.
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Matasic DS, Brenner C, London B. Emerging potential benefits of modulating NAD + metabolism in cardiovascular disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 314:H839-H852. [PMID: 29351465 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00409.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and related metabolites are central mediators of fuel oxidation and bioenergetics within cardiomyocytes. Additionally, NAD+ is required for the activity of multifunctional enzymes, including sirtuins and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases that regulate posttranslational modifications, DNA damage responses, and Ca2+ signaling. Recent research has indicated that NAD+ participates in a multitude of processes dysregulated in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, supplementation of NAD+ precursors, including nicotinamide riboside that boosts or repletes the NAD+ metabolome, may be cardioprotective. This review examines the molecular physiology and preclinical data with respect to NAD+ precursors in heart failure-related cardiac remodeling, ischemic-reperfusion injury, and arrhythmias. In addition, alternative NAD+-boosting strategies and potential systemic effects of NAD+ supplementation with implications on cardiovascular health and disease are surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Matasic
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Charles Brenner
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Barry London
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
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Haque MZ, McIntosh VJ, Abou Samra AB, Mohammad RM, Lasley RD. Cholesterol Depletion Alters Cardiomyocyte Subcellular Signaling and Increases Contractility. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154151. [PMID: 27441649 PMCID: PMC4956108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane cholesterol levels play an important factor in regulating cell function. Sarcolemmal cholesterol is concentrated in lipid rafts and caveolae, which are flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane. The scaffolding protein caveolin permits the enrichment of cholesterol in caveolae, and caveolin interactions with numerous proteins regulate their function. The purpose of this study was to determine whether acute reductions in cardiomyocyte cholesterol levels alter subcellular protein kinase activation, intracellular Ca2+ and contractility. Methods: Ventricular myocytes, isolated from adult Sprague Dawley rats, were treated with the cholesterol reducing agent methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD, 5 mM, 1 hr, room temperature). Total cellular cholesterol levels, caveolin-3 localization, subcellular, ERK and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, contractility, and [Ca2+]i were assessed. Results: Treatment with MβCD reduced cholesterol levels by ~45 and shifted caveolin-3 from cytoskeleton and triton-insoluble fractions to the triton-soluble fraction, and increased ERK isoform phosphorylation in cytoskeletal, cytosolic, triton-soluble and triton-insoluble membrane fractions without altering their subcellular distributions. In contrast the primary effect of MβCD was on p38 subcellular distribution of p38α with little effect on p38 phosphorylation. Cholesterol depletion increased cardiomyocyte twitch amplitude and the rates of shortening and relaxation in conjunction with increased diastolic and systolic [Ca2+]i. Conclusions: These results indicate that acute reductions in membrane cholesterol levels differentially modulate basal cardiomyocyte subcellular MAPK signaling, as well as increasing [Ca2+]i and contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Z. Haque
- Interim Translational Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Blvd., Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Victoria J. McIntosh
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 1104 Elliman Bldg., 421 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
| | - Abdul B. Abou Samra
- Interim Translational Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ramzi M. Mohammad
- Interim Translational Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Robert D. Lasley
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 1104 Elliman Bldg., 421 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
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Morgan AJ, Bampali K, Ruas M, Factor C, Back TG, Chen SRW, Galione A. Carvedilol inhibits cADPR- and IP 3-induced Ca 2+ release. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 5:92-99. [PMID: 28758053 DOI: 10.1166/msr.2016.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous Ca2+ waves, also termed store-overload-induced Ca2+ release (SOICR), in cardiac cells can trigger ventricular arrhythmias especially in failing hearts. SOICR occurs when RyRs are activated by an increase in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) luminal Ca2+. Carvedilol is one of the most effective drugs for preventing arrhythmias in patients with heart failure. Furthermore, carvedilol analogues with minimal β-blocking activity also block SOICR showing that SOICR-inhibiting activity is distinct from that for β-block. We show here that carvedilol is a potent inhibitor of cADPR-induced Ca2+ release in sea urchin egg homogenate. In addition, the carvedilol analog VK-II-86 with minimal β-blocking activity also suppresses cADPR-induced Ca2+ release. Carvedilol appeared to be a non-competitive antagonist of cADPR and could also suppress Ca2+ release by caffeine. These results are consistent with cADPR releasing Ca2+ in sea urchin eggs by sensitizing RyRs to Ca2+ involving a luminal Ca2+ activation mechanism. In addition to action on the RyR, we also observed inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-induced Ca2+ release by carvedilol suggesting a common mechanism between these evolutionarily related and conserved Ca2+ release channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Konstantina Bampali
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Margarida Ruas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Cailley Factor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Thomas G Back
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - S R Wayne Chen
- The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
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8
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Shiels HA, Sitsapesan R. Is there something fishy about the regulation of the ryanodine receptor in the fish heart? Exp Physiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1113/ep085136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holly A. Shiels
- Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9NT UK
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Affiliation(s)
- David Eisner
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
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10
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Warszta D, Nebel M, Fliegert R, Guse AH. NAD derived second messengers: Role in spontaneous diastolic Ca(2+) transients in murine cardiac myocytes. DNA Repair (Amst) 2014; 23:69-78. [PMID: 24997848 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Strong β-adrenergic stimulation induced spontaneous diastolic Ca(2+) transients (SCTs) in electrically paced murine cardiac myocytes [28]. To obtain further insights into the underlying mechanism, we developed a method for a simultaneous analysis, in which the free luminal Ca(2+) concentration in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) ([Ca(2+)]SR) and the free cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) were measured in parallel in the same cell. Each spontaneous diastolic Ca(2+) transient was exactly mirrored by a decrease of [Ca(2+)]SR. Since antagonism of the Ca(2+) mobilizing second messenger nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) was shown to block SCTs in single cardiac myocytes [28], we analyzed the effect of the novel ADP-ribosyl cyclase inhibitor SAN4825 on both cytosolic and intra-luminal Ca(2+) transients upon strong β-adrenergic stimulation. A strong antagonist effect of SAN4825 on SCTs at low micromolar concentrations was observed. Our results suggest that the underlying mechanism of spontaneous diastolic Ca(2+) transients observed upon strong β-adrenergic stimulation is sensitization of type 2 ryanodine receptor by the Ca(2+) releasing activity of the products of ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Warszta
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Merle Nebel
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Fliegert
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Guse
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Lewis AM, Aley PK, Roomi A, Thomas JM, Masgrau R, Garnham C, Shipman K, Paramore C, Bloor-Young D, Sanders LEL, Terrar DA, Galione A, Churchill GC. β-Adrenergic receptor signaling increases NAADP and cADPR levels in the heart. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 427:326-9. [PMID: 22995315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that β-Adrenergic receptor signaling increases heart rate and force through not just cyclic AMP but also the Ca(2+)-releasing second messengers NAADP (nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and cADPR (cyclic ADP-ribose). Nevertheless, proof of the physiological relevance of these messengers requires direct measurements of their levels in response to receptor stimulation. Here we report that in intact Langendorff-perfused hearts β-adrenergic stimulation increased both messengers, with NAADP being transient and cADPR being sustained. Both NAADP and cADPR have physiological and therefore pathological relevance by providing alternative drug targets in the β-adrenergic receptor signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Lewis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
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Kannt A, Sicka K, Kroll K, Kadereit D, Gögelein H. Selective inhibitors of cardiac ADPR cyclase as novel anti-arrhythmic compounds. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 385:717-27. [PMID: 22526470 PMCID: PMC3367138 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ADP-ribosyl cyclases (ADPRCs) catalyse the conversion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose (cADPR) which is a second messenger involved in Ca(2+) mobilisation from intracellular stores. Via its interaction with the ryanodine receptor Ca(2+) channel in the heart, cADPR may exert arrhythmogenic activity. To test this hypothesis, we have studied the effect of novel cardiac ADPRC inhibitors in vitro and in vivo in models of ventricular arrhythmias. Using a high-throughput screening approach on cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes isolated from pig and rat and nicotinamide hypoxanthine dinuleotide as a surrogate substrate, we have identified potent and selective inhibitors of an intracellular, membrane-bound cardiac ADPRC that are different from the two known mammalian ADPRCs, CD38 and CD157/Bst1. We show that two structurally distinct cardiac ADPRC inhibitors, SAN2589 and SAN4825, prevent the formation of spontaneous action potentials in guinea pig papillary muscle in vitro and that compound SAN4825 is active in vivo in delaying ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest in a guinea pig model of Ca(2+) overload-induced arrhythmia. Inhibition of cardiac ADPRC prevents Ca(2+) overload-induced spontaneous depolarizations and ventricular fibrillation and may thus provide a novel therapeutic principle for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimo Kannt
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, G877, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Venturi E, Pitt S, Galfré E, Sitsapesan R. From eggs to hearts: what is the link between cyclic ADP-ribose and ryanodine receptors? Cardiovasc Ther 2010; 30:109-16. [PMID: 21176119 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It was first proposed that cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) could activate ryanodine receptors (RyR) in 1991. Following a subsequent report that cADPR could activate cardiac RyR (RyR2) reconstituted into artificial membranes and stimulate Ca(2+) -release from isolated cardiac SR, there has been a steadily mounting stockpile of publications proclaiming the physiological and pathophysiological importance of cADPR in the cardiovascular system. It was only 2 years earlier, in 1989, that cADPR was first identified as the active metabolite of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), responsible for triggering the release of Ca(2+) from crude homogenates of sea urchin eggs. Twenty years later, can we boast of being any closer to unraveling the mechanisms by which cADPR modulates intracellular Ca(2+) -release? This review sets out to examine the mechanisms underlying the effects of cADPR and ask whether cADPR is an important signaling molecule in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Venturi
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, British Heart Institute and NSQI, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, UK
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Zhang X, Tallini YN, Chen Z, Gan L, Wei B, Doran R, Miao L, Xin HB, Kotlikoff MI, Ji G. Dissociation of FKBP12.6 from ryanodine receptor type 2 is regulated by cyclic ADP-ribose but not beta-adrenergic stimulation in mouse cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 84:253-62. [PMID: 19578067 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Beta-adrenergic augmentation of Ca(2+) sparks and cardiac contractility has been functionally linked to phosphorylation-dependent dissociation of FK506 binding protein 12.6 (FKBP12.6) regulatory proteins from ryanodine receptors subtype 2 (RYR2). We used FKBP12.6 null mice to test the extent to which the dissociation of FKBP12.6 affects Ca(2+) sparks and mediates the inotropic action of isoproterenol (ISO), and to investigate the underlying mechanisms of cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) regulation of Ca(2+) sparks. METHODS AND RESULTS Ca(2+) sparks and contractility were measured in cardiomyocytes and papillary muscle segments from FKBP12.6 null mice, and western blot analysis was carried out on sarcoplasmic reticulum microsomes prepared from mouse heart. Exposure to ISO resulted in a three- and two-fold increase in Ca(2+) spark frequency in wild-type (WT) and FKBP12.6 knockout (KO) myocytes, respectively, and Ca(2+) spark kinetics were also significantly altered in both types of cells. The effects of ISO on Ca(2+) spark properties in KO cells were inhibited by pre-treatment with thapsigargin or phospholamban inhibitory antibody, 2D12. Moreover, twitch force magnitude and the rate of force development were not significantly different in papillary muscles from WT and KO mice. Unlike beta-adrenergic stimulation, cADPR stimulation increased Ca(2+) spark frequency (2.8-fold) and altered spark kinetics only in WT but not in KO mice. The effect of cADPR on spark properties was not entirely blocked by pre-treatment with thapsigargin or 2D12. In voltage-clamped cells, cADPR increased the peak Ca(2+) of the spark without altering the decay time. We also noticed that basal Ca(2+) spark properties in KO mice were markedly altered compared with those in WT mice. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that dissociation of FKBP12.6 from the RYR2 complex does not play a significant role in beta-adrenergic-stimulated Ca(2+) release in heart cells, whereas this mechanism does underlie the action of cADPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
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15
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Yamasaki-Mann M, Demuro A, Parker I. cADPR stimulates SERCA activity in Xenopus oocytes. Cell Calcium 2009; 45:293-9. [PMID: 19131109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular second messenger cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) induces Ca(2+) release through the activation of ryanodine receptors (RyRs). Moreover, it has been suggested that cADPR may serve an additional role to modulate sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) pump activity, but studies have been complicated by concurrent actions on RyR. Here, we explore the actions of cADPR in Xenopus oocytes, which lack RyRs. We examined the effects of cADPR on the sequestration of cytosolic Ca(2+) following Ca(2+) transients evoked by photoreleased inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP(3)), and by Ca(2+) influx through expressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in the oocytes membrane. In both cases the decay of the Ca(2+) transients was accelerated by intracellular injection of a non-metabolizable analogue of cADPR, 3-Deaza-cADPR, and photorelease of cADPR from a caged precursor demonstrated that this action is rapid (a few s). The acceleration was abolished by pre-treatment with thapsigargin to block SERCA activity, and was inhibited by two specific antagonists of cADPR, 8-NH(2)-cADPR and 8-br-cADPR. We conclude that cADPR serves to modulate Ca(2+) sequestration by enhancing SERCA pump activity, in addition to its well-established action on RyRs to liberate Ca(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Yamasaki-Mann
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Abstract
The onset of development in most species studied is triggered by one of the largest and longest calcium transients known to us. It is the most studied and best understood aspect of the calcium signals that accompany and control development. Its properties and mechanisms demonstrate what embryos are capable of and thus how the less-understood calcium signals later in development may be generated. The downstream targets of the fertilization calcium signal have also been identified, providing some pointers to the probable targets of calcium signals further on in the process of development. In one species or another, the fertilization calcium signal involves all the known calcium-releasing second messengers and many of the known calcium-signalling mechanisms. These calcium signals also usually take the form of a propagating calcium wave or waves. Fertilization causes the cell cycle to resume, and therefore fertilization signals are cell-cycle signals. In some early embryonic cell cycles, calcium signals also control the progress through each cell cycle, controlling mitosis. Studies of these early embryonic calcium-signalling mechanisms provide a background to the calcium-signalling events discussed in the articles in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Whitaker
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, Newcastle University Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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Macgregor A, Yamasaki M, Rakovic S, Sanders L, Parkesh R, Churchill GC, Galione A, Terrar DA. NAADP controls cross-talk between distinct Ca2+ stores in the heart. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:15302-11. [PMID: 17387177 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m611167200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In cardiac muscle the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) plays a key role in the control of contraction, releasing Ca(2+) in response to Ca(2+) influx across the sarcolemma via voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels. Here we report evidence for an additional distinct Ca(2+) store and for actions of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) to mobilize Ca(2+) from this store, leading in turn to enhanced Ca(2+) loading of the SR. Photoreleased NAADP increased Ca(2+) transients accompanying stimulated action potentials in ventricular myocytes. The effects were prevented by bafilomycin A (an H(+)-ATPase inhibitor acting on acidic Ca(2+) stores), by desensitizing concentrations of NAADP, and by ryanodine and thapsigargin to suppress SR function. Bafilomycin A also suppressed staining of acidic stores with Lysotracker Red without affecting SR integrity. Cytosolic application of NAADP by means of its membrane permeant acetoxymethyl ester increased myocyte contraction and the frequency and amplitude of Ca(2+) sparks, and these effects were inhibited by bafilomycin A. Effects of NAADP were associated with an increase in SR Ca(2+) load and appeared to be regulated by beta-adrenoreceptor stimulation. The observations are consistent with a novel role for NAADP in cardiac muscle mediated by Ca(2+) release from bafilomycin-sensitive acidic stores, which in turn enhances SR Ca(2+) release by increasing SR Ca(2+) load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Macgregor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
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18
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Abstract
Fertilization calcium waves are introduced, and the evidence from which we can infer general mechanisms of these waves is presented. The two main classes of hypotheses put forward to explain the generation of the fertilization calcium wave are set out, and it is concluded that initiation of the fertilization calcium wave can be most generally explained in invertebrates by a mechanism in which an activating substance enters the egg from the sperm on sperm-egg fusion, activating the egg by stimulating phospholipase C activation through a src family kinase pathway and in mammals by the diffusion of a sperm-specific phospholipase C from sperm to egg on sperm-egg fusion. The fertilization calcium wave is then set into the context of cell cycle control, and the mechanism of repetitive calcium spiking in mammalian eggs is investigated. Evidence that calcium signals control cell division in early embryos is reviewed, and it is concluded that calcium signals are essential at all three stages of cell division in early embryos. Evidence that phosphoinositide signaling pathways control the resumption of meiosis during oocyte maturation is considered. It is concluded on balance that the evidence points to a need for phosphoinositide/calcium signaling during resumption of meiosis. Changes to the calcium signaling machinery occur during meiosis to enable the production of a calcium wave in the mature oocyte when it is fertilized; evidence that the shape and structure of the endoplasmic reticulum alters dynamically during maturation and after fertilization is reviewed, and the link between ER dynamics and the cytoskeleton is discussed. There is evidence that calcium signaling plays a key part in the development of patterning in early embryos. Morphogenesis in ascidian, frog, and zebrafish embryos is briefly described to provide the developmental context in which calcium signals act. Intracellular calcium waves that may play a role in axis formation in ascidian are discussed. Evidence that the Wingless/calcium signaling pathway is a strong ventralizing signal in Xenopus, mediated by phosphoinositide signaling, is adumbrated. The central role that calcium channels play in morphogenetic movements during gastrulation and in ectodermal and mesodermal gene expression during late gastrulation is demonstrated. Experiments in zebrafish provide a strong indication that calcium signals are essential for pattern formation and organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Whitaker
- Institute of Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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19
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Laporte R, Hui A, Laher I. Pharmacological modulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum function in smooth muscle. Pharmacol Rev 2005; 56:439-513. [PMID: 15602008 DOI: 10.1124/pr.56.4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER) is the primary storage and release site of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) in many excitable cells. The SR is a tubular network, which in smooth muscle (SM) cells distributes close to cellular periphery (superficial SR) and in deeper aspects of the cell (deep SR). Recent attention has focused on the regulation of cell function by the superficial SR, which can act as a buffer and also as a regulator of membrane channels and transporters. Ca2+ is released from the SR via two types of ionic channels [ryanodine- and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated], whereas accumulation from thecytoplasm occurs exclusively by an energy-dependent sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase pump (SERCA). Within the SR, Ca2+ is bound to various storage proteins. Emerging evidence also suggests that the perinuclear portion of the SR may play an important role in nuclear transcription. In this review, we detail the pharmacology of agents that alter the functions of Ca2+ release channels and of SERCA. We describe their use and selectivity and indicate the concentrations used in investigating various SM preparations. Important aspects of cell regulation and excitation-contractile activity coupling in SM have been uncovered through the use of such activators and inhibitors of processes that determine SR function. Likewise, they were instrumental in the recent finding of an interaction of the SR with other cellular organelles such as mitochondria. Thus, an appreciation of the pharmacology and selectivity of agents that interfere with SR function in SM has greatly assisted in unveiling the multifaceted nature of the SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régent Laporte
- Ferring Research Institute, Inc., Ferring Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, USA
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20
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Sawisky GR, Chang JP. Intracellular calcium involvement in pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide stimulation of growth hormone and gonadotrophin secretion in goldfish pituitary cells. J Neuroendocrinol 2005; 17:353-71. [PMID: 15929741 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2005.01312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of intracellular Ca(2+) stores and their regulatory mechanisms in mediating pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and maturational gonadotrophin (GTH-II) secretion from goldfish pituitary cells was investigated using a cell column perifusion system. Pretreatment with caffeine abolished the GH and GTH-II responses to PACAP. Dantrolene attenuated PACAP-elicited GTH-II release but did not affect the GH response, whereas ryanodine and 8-bromo-cADP ribose did not alter PACAP-induced GH and GTH-II release. Two endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA) inhibitors, thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid, augmented PACAP-induced GTH-II release; similarly, thapsigargin elevated GH responses to PACAP. Treatment with carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, a mitochondrial uncoupler, reduced PACAP-stimulated GH release; however, inhibition of the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniport by Ru360 did not affect GH and GTH-II responses. The phosphatidyl inositol (PI)-specific phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor ET-18-OCH(3) inhibited, whereas the phosphatidyl-choline (PC)-specific PLC inhibitor D609 enhanced, PACAP-stimulated GH and GTH-II responses. On the other hand, the IP(3) receptor blocker xestospongin D had no effect on PACAP-induced GTH-II response and potentiated the GH response. These results suggest that, despite some differences between GH and GTH-II cells, PACAP actions in both cell types generally rely on a caffeine-sensitive, but a largely ryanodine receptor-independent, mechanism. PC-PLC and some SERCA negatively modulate PACAP actions but mitochondrial Ca(2+) stores per se are not important. A novel PI-PLC mechanism, which does not involve the traditional IP(3)/Ca(2+) pathway, is also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Sawisky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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21
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López JR, Mijares A, Rojas B, Linares N, Allen PD, Shtifman A. Altered Ca2+ homeostasis in human uremic skeletal muscle: possible involvement of cADPR in elevation of intracellular resting [Ca2+]. Nephron Clin Pract 2005; 100:p51-60. [PMID: 15855809 DOI: 10.1159/000085444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2004] [Accepted: 02/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic renal failure may develop muscle weakness and fatigability due to disorders of skeletal muscle function, collectively known as the uremic myopathy. Cyclic adenosine diphosphate-ribose (cADPR), an endogenous metabolite of beta-NAD+, activates Ca2+ release from intracellular stores in vertebrate and invertebrate cells. The current study investigated the possible role of cADPR in uremic myopathy. METHODS We have examined the effect of cADPR on myoplasmic resting Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in skeletal muscle obtained from control subjects and uremic patients (UP). [Ca2+]i was measured using double-barreled Ca2+-selective microelectrodes in muscle fibers, prior to and after microinjections of cADPR. RESULTS Resting [Ca2+]i was elevated in UP fibers compared with fibers obtained from control subjects. Removal of extracellular Ca2+, or incubation of cells with nifedipine, did not modify [Ca2+]i in UP or control fibers. Microinjection of cADPR produced an elevation of [Ca2+]i in both groups of cells. This elevation was not mediated by Ca2+ influx, or inhibited by heparin or ryanodine. [cADPR]i was determined to be higher in muscle fibers from UP compared to those from the control subjects. Incubation of cells with 8-bromo-cADPR, a cADPR antagonist, partially reduced [Ca2+]i in UP muscle fibers and blocked the cADPR-elicited elevation in [Ca2+]i in both groups of muscle cells. CONCLUSION Skeletal muscles of the UP exhibit chronic elevation of [Ca2+]i that can be partially reduced by application of 8-bromo-cADPR. cADPR was able to mobilize Ca2+ from intracellular stores, by a mechanism that is independent of ryanodine or inositol trisphosphate receptors. It can be postulated that an alteration in the cADPR-signaling pathway may exist in skeletal muscle of the patients suffering from uremic myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R López
- Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela.
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22
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Takahashi J, Kagaya Y, Kato I, Ohta J, Isoyama S, Miura M, Sugai Y, Hirose M, Wakayama Y, Ninomiya M, Watanabe J, Takasawa S, Okamoto H, Shirato K. Deficit of CD38/cyclic ADP-ribose is differentially compensated in hearts by gender. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 312:434-40. [PMID: 14637156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.10.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate whether myocardial CD38/cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) signaling plays a physiological role, we investigated the heart of CD38 knockout mice (CD38KO). In CD38KO, the myocardial cADPR content was reduced by 85% compared with wild-type mice (WT). Cardiac hypertrophy developed only in males. At 36 degrees C, none of the parameters for Ca(2+) transients and forces of the papillary muscles differed between WT and CD38KO. In contrast, at 27 degrees C, at which cADPR does not work, the peak [Ca(2+)](i) was increased and the decline in [Ca(2+)](i) was accelerated in CD38KO compared with WT. In CD38KO, the protein expression of SR Ca(2+) ATPase type2 (SERCA2) and the SERCA2-to-phospholamban ratio were increased compared with WT. The ryanodine receptor protein was increased only in female CD38KO compared with WT. These data suggest that the CD38/cADPR signaling plays an important role in intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis in cardiac myocytes in vivo. Its deficiency was compensated differentially according to gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
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23
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Bradley KN, Currie S, MacMillan D, Muir TC, McCarron JG. Cyclic ADP-ribose increases Ca2+ removal in smooth muscle. J Cell Sci 2003; 116:4291-306. [PMID: 12966165 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ release via ryanodine receptors (RyRs) is vital in cell signalling and regulates diverse activities such as gene expression and excitation-contraction coupling. Cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR), a proposed modulator of RyR activity, releases Ca2+ from the intracellular store in sea urchin eggs but its mechanism of action in other cell types is controversial. In this study, caged cADPR was used to examine the effect of cADPR on Ca2+ signalling in single voltage-clamped smooth muscle cells that have RyR but lack FKBP12.6, a proposed target for cADPR. Although cADPR released Ca2+ in sea urchin eggs (a positive control), it failed to alter global or subsarcolemma [Ca2+]c, to cause Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release or to enhance caffeine responses in colonic myocytes. By contrast, caffeine (an accepted modulator of RyR) was effective in these respects. The lack of cADPR activity on Ca2+ release was unaffected by the introduction of recombinant FKBP12.6 into the myocytes. Indeed in western blots, using brain membrane preparations as a source of FKBP12.6, cADPR did not bind to FKBPs, although FK506 was effective. However, cADPR increased and its antagonist 8-bromo-cADPR slowed the rate of Ca2+ removal from the cytoplasm. The evidence indicates that cADPR modulates [Ca2+]c but not via RyR; the mechanism may involve the sarcolemma Ca2+ pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen N Bradley
- Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Neuroscience and Biomedical Systems, West Medical Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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24
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Kamishima T, Quayle JM. P2 receptor-mediated Ca2+ transients in rat cerebral artery smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2003; 286:H535-44. [PMID: 14527937 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00506.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Significant Ca(2+) release was previously noted with the activation of L-type Ca(2+) current in rat superior cerebral artery smooth muscle cells. Here we examined whether the P(2X) current that is partly carried by Ca(2+) also triggers Ca(2+) release in this preparation. Application of P(2X) agonists evoked membrane currents and concomitant Ca(2+) transients in whole cell voltage-clamped single cells. The expected increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) was calculated from the time-integrated P(2X) current by assuming Ca(2+) is the only charge carrier. The measured increase in [Ca(2+)](i) was plotted as a function of the expected increase in [Ca(2+)](i), and Ca(2+)-buffering power was obtained as a reciprocal of the linear fit to this relationship. Both ryanodine, a Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+)-release inhibitor, and cADP ribose, a putative activator of Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release, had no significant effects on Ca(2+)-buffering power. These results suggest that Ca(2+) influx through P(2X) receptors does not trigger significant Ca(2+) release. We then examined whether P(2X) responses influence the subsequent P(2Y) response. P(2Y) responses were characterized by measuring the rate of [Ca(2+)](i) increase obtained as the slope of the linear regression to the rising phase of the Ca(2+) transient. During simultaneous application of the P(2X) and P(2Y) agonist, the rate of [Ca(2+)](i) increase was facilitated or suppressed depending on the size of the P(2X) receptor-mediated [Ca(2+)](i) increase. Membrane depolarization close to the Ca(2+) equilibrium potential significantly promoted the rate of [Ca(2+)](i) increase. Our results suggest that the [Ca(2+)](i) increase and membrane depolarization caused by the P(2X) current may regulate the subsequent P(2Y) response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kamishima
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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25
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Xie GH, Rah SY, Yi KS, Han MK, Chae SW, Im MJ, Kim UH. Increase of intracellular Ca(2+) during ischemia/reperfusion injury of heart is mediated by cyclic ADP-ribose. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 307:713-8. [PMID: 12893282 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)01240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While the molecular mechanisms by which oxidants cause cytotoxicity are still poorly understood, disruption of Ca(2+) homeostasis appears to be one of the critical alterations during the oxidant-induced cytotoxic process. Here, we examined the possibility that oxidative stress may alter the metabolism of cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), a potent Ca(2+)-mobilizing second messenger in the heart. Isolated heart perfused by Langendorff technique was subjected to ischemia/reperfusion injury and endogenous cADPR level was determined using a specific radioimmunoassay. Following ischemia/reperfusion injury, a significant increase in intracellular cADPR level was observed. The elevation of cADPR content was closely correlated with the increase in ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity. Inclusion of oxygen free radical scavengers, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy and mannitol, in the reperfusate prevented the ischemia/reperfusion-induced increases in cADPR level and the ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity. Exposure of isolated cardiomyocytes to t-butyl hydroperoxide increased the ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity, cADPR level, and intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) and consequently resulting in cell lethal damage. The oxidant-induced elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) as well as cell lethal damage was blocked by a cADPR antagonist, 8-bromo-cADPR. These results provide evidence for involvement of cADPR and its producing enzyme in alteration of Ca(2+) homeostasis during the ischemia/reperfusion injury of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hua Xie
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonju 561-182, South Korea
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26
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Galione A, Churchill GC. Interactions between calcium release pathways: multiple messengers and multiple stores. Cell Calcium 2002; 32:343-54. [PMID: 12543094 DOI: 10.1016/s0143416002001902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) as Ca(2+) releasing messengers has provided additional insight into how complex Ca(2+) signalling patterns are generated. There is mounting evidence that these molecules along with the more established messenger, myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)), have a widespread messenger role in shaping Ca(2+) signals in many cell types. These molecules have distinct structures and act on specific Ca(2+) release mechanisms. Emerging principles are that cADPR enhances the Ca(2+) sensitivity of ryanodine receptors (RYRs) to produce prolonged Ca(2+) signals through Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR), while NAADP acts on a novel Ca(2+) release mechanism to produce a local trigger Ca(2+) signal which can be amplified by CICR by recruiting other Ca(2+) release mechanisms. Whilst IP(3) and cADPR mobilise Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), recent evidence from the sea urchin egg suggests that the major NAADP-sensitive Ca(2+) stores are reserve granules, acidic lysosomal-related organelles. In this review we summarise the role of multiple Ca(2+) mobilising messengers, Ca(2+) release channels and Ca(2+) stores, and the interplay between them, in the generation of specific Ca(2+) signals. Focusing upon cADPR and NAADP, we discuss how cellular stimuli may draw upon different combinations of these messengers to produce distinct Ca(2+) signalling signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, Mansfield Road, OX1 3QT, Oxford, UK.
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27
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Abstract
The ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are a family of Ca2+ release channels found on intracellular Ca2+ storage/release organelles. The RyR channels are ubiquitously expressed in many types of cells and participate in a variety of important Ca2+ signaling phenomena (neurotransmission, secretion, etc.). In striated muscle, the RyR channels represent the primary pathway for Ca2+ release during the excitation-contraction coupling process. In general, the signals that activate the RyR channels are known (e.g., sarcolemmal Ca2+ influx or depolarization), but the specific mechanisms involved are still being debated. The signals that modulate and/or turn off the RyR channels remain ambiguous and the mechanisms involved unclear. Over the last decade, studies of RyR-mediated Ca2+ release have taken many forms and have steadily advanced our knowledge. This robust field, however, is not without controversial ideas and contradictory results. Controversies surrounding the complex Ca2+ regulation of single RyR channels receive particular attention here. In addition, a large body of information is synthesized into a focused perspective of single RyR channel function. The present status of the single RyR channel field and its likely future directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fill
- Department of Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
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28
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Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Cardiac Muscle. MOLECULAR CONTROL MECHANISMS IN STRIATED MUSCLE CONTRACTION 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-9926-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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29
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Fulceri R, Rossi R, Bottinelli R, Conti A, Intravaia E, Galione A, Benedetti A, Sorrentino V, Reggiani C. Ca2+ release induced by cyclic ADP ribose in mice lacking type 3 ryanodine receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 288:697-702. [PMID: 11676499 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The action of cyclic-ADP-ribose was studied on calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscles of neonatal and adult wild-type and RyR3-deficient mice. cADPR increased calcium efflux from microsomes, enhanced caffeine-induced calcium release, and, in 20% of the tests, triggered calcium release in single muscle fibers. These responses occurred only in the diaphragm of adult RyR3-deficient mice. cADPR action was abolished by ryanodine, ruthenium red, and 8-brome-cADPR. These results strongly favor a specific action of cADPR on RyR1. The responsiveness of RyR1 appears in adult muscles when RyR3 is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fulceri
- Department of Physio-Pathology and Experimental Medicine, University of Siena, Italy
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30
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Copello JA, Qi Y, Jeyakumar LH, Ogunbunmi E, Fleischer S. Lack of effect of cADP-ribose and NAADP on the activity of skeletal muscle and heart ryanodine receptors. Cell Calcium 2001; 30:269-84. [PMID: 11587551 DOI: 10.1054/ceca.2001.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The calcium release channels/ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are potential/putative targets of cADPR (cyclic ADP-ribose) action in many tissue systems. In striated muscles, where RyRs predominate, cADPR action on these channels is controversial. Here cADPR modulation of cardiac and skeletal muscle RyR channels was tested. We considered factors reported as necessary for cADPR action, such as the presence of calmodulin and/or FK binding proteins (FKBPs). We found: 1) The RyR channel isoforms were insensitive to cADPR (or its metabolite NAADP [nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate]) under all conditions examined, as studied by: 1a) single channel recordings in planar lipid bilayers; 1b) macroscopic behavior of the RyRs in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) microsomes (including crude microsome preparations likely to retain putative cADPR cofactors) at room temperature and at 37 degrees C (net energized Ca2+ uptake or passive Ca2+ leak); 2) [32P]cADPR did not bind significantly to SR microsomes; 3) cADPR did not affect FKBP association to SR membranes. We conclude that cADPR does not interact directly with RyRs or RyR-associated SR proteins. Our results under in vitro conditions suggest that c ADPR effects on Ca2+ signaling observed in vivo in mammalian striated muscle cells may reflect indirect modulation of RyRs or RyR-independent Ca2+ release systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Copello
- Department of Molecular Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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31
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Abstract
Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) are two Ca(2+) messengers derived from NAD and NADP, respectively. Although NAADP is a linear molecule, structurally distinct from the cyclic cADPR, it is synthesized by similar enzymes, ADP-ribosyl cyclase and its homolog, CD38. The crystal structure of the cyclase has been solved and its active site identified. These two novel nucleotides have now been shown to be involved in a wide range of cellular functions including: cell cycle regulation in Euglena, a protist; gene expression in plants; and in animal systems, from fertilization to neurotransmitter release and long-term depression in brain. A battery of pharmacological reagents have been developed, providing valuable tools for elucidating the physiological functions of these two novel Ca(2+) messengers. This article reviews these recent results and explores the implications of the existence of multiple Ca(2+) messengers and Ca(2+) stores in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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32
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Higashida H, Hashii M, Yokoyama S, Hoshi N, Chen XL, Egorova A, Noda M, Zhang JS. Cyclic ADP-ribose as a second messenger revisited from a new aspect of signal transduction from receptors to ADP-ribosyl cyclase. Pharmacol Ther 2001; 90:283-96. [PMID: 11578661 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7258(01)00142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), an endogenous modulator of ryanodine receptor Ca(2+)-releasing channels, is found in various tissues. Cytosolic injection of cADPR induces an elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations or potentiates Ca(2+) increases. cADPR facilitates neurotransmitter or insulin release and modifies ionic currents. cADPR is synthesized by ADP-ribosyl cyclase and is metabolized by cADPR hydrolase. ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity is up-regulated by nitric oxide/cyclic GMP-dependent phosphorylation or receptor stimulation via G-proteins within membranes. These findings suggest that cADPR is a second messenger in cellular Ca(2+) signaling. However, many intriguing issues remain to be addressed before this identity is confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Higashida
- Department of Biophysical Genetics, Molecular Medicine and Bioinformatics, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, 13-1 Takara-machi, 920-8640, Kanazawa, Japan.
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33
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Higashida H, Yokoyama S, Hoshi N, Hashii M, Egorova A, Zhong ZG, Noda M, Shahidullah M, Taketo M, Knijnik R, Kimura Y, Takahashi H, Chen XL, Shin Y, Zhang JS. Signal transduction from bradykinin, angiotensin, adrenergic and muscarinic receptors to effector enzymes, including ADP-ribosyl cyclase. Biol Chem 2001; 382:23-30. [PMID: 11258666 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2001.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in NG108-15 neuroblastoma x glioma cells, and beta-adrenergic or angiotensin II receptors in cortical astrocytes and/or ventricular myocytes, utilize the direct signaling pathway to ADP-ribosyl cyclase within cell membranes to produce cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) from beta-NAD+. This signal cascade is analogous to the previously established transduction pathways from bradykinin receptors to phospholipase Cbeta and beta-adrenoceptors to adenylyl cyclase via G proteins. Upon receptor stimulation, the newly-formed cADPR may coordinately function to upregulate the release of Ca2+ from the type II ryanodine receptors as well as to facilitate Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. cADPR interacts with FK506, an immunosuppressant, at FKBP12.6, FK506-binding-protein, and calcineurin, or ryanodine receptors. cADPR also functions through activating calcineurin released from A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP79). Thus, some G(q/11)-coupled receptors can control cADPR-dependent modulation in Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Higashida
- Department of Biophysical Genetics, Molecular Medicine and Bioinformatics, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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34
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Higashida H, Hashii M, Yokoyama S, Hoshi N, Asai K, Kato T. Cyclic ADP-ribose as a potential second messenger for neuronal Ca2+ signaling. J Neurochem 2001; 76:321-31. [PMID: 11208895 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), a known endogenous modulator of ryanodine receptor Ca2+ releasing channels, is found in the nervous system. Injection of cADPR into neuronal cells primarily induces a transient elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), and/or secondarily potentiates [Ca2+]i increases that are the result of depolarization-induced Ca2+ influx. Acetylcholine release from cholinergic neurons is facilitated by cADPR. cADPR modifies K+ currents or elicits Ca2+-dependent inward currents. cADPR is synthesized by both membrane-bound and cytosolic forms of ADP-ribosyl cyclase in neuronal cells. cADPR hydrolase activity is weak in the membrane fraction, but high in the cytoplasm. Cytosolic ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity is upregulated by nitric oxide/cyclic GMP-dependent phosphorylation. Stimulation of muscarinic and beta-adrenergic receptors activates membrane-bound ADP-ribosyl cyclase via G proteins within membranes of neuronal tumor cells and cortical astrocytes. These findings strongly suggest that cADPR is a second messenger in Ca2+ signaling in the nervous system, although many intriguing issues remain to be addressed before this identity is confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Higashida
- Department of Biophysical Genetics, Molecular Medicine and Bioinformatics, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
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35
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Musialek P, Rigg L, Terrar DA, Paterson DJ, Casadei B. Role of cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase and sarcoplasmic calcium in mediating the increase in basal heart rate with nitric oxide donors. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2000; 32:1831-40. [PMID: 11013127 DOI: 10.1006/jmcc.2000.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) donors increase heart rate (HR) through a guanylyl cyclase-dependent stimulation of the pacemaker current I(f), without affecting basal I(Ca-L). The activity of I(f)is known to be enhanced by cyclic nucleotides and by an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+). We examined the role of cGMP-dependent signaling pathways and intracellular Ca(2+)stores in mediating the positive chronotropic effect of NO donors. In isolated guinea pig atria, the increase in HR in response to 1-100 micromol/l 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1; with superoxide dismutase, n=6) or diethylamine-NO (DEA-NO, n=8) was significantly attenuated by blockers of the cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase (PDE3; trequinsin, milrinone or Ro-13-6438, n=22). In addition, the rate response to DEA-NO or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was significantly reduced following inhibition of PKA (KT5720 or H-89, n=15) but not PKG (KT5728 or Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPs, n=16). Suppression of sarcoplasmic (SR) Ca(2+)release by pretreatment of isolated atria with ryanodine or cyclopiazonic acid (2 micromol/l and 60 micromol/l, n=16) significantly reduced the chronotropic response to 1-100 micromol/l SIN-1 or DEA-NO. Moreover, in isolated guinea pig sinoatrial node cells 5 micromol/l SNP significantly increased diastolic and peak Ca(2+)fluorescence (+13+/-1% and +28+/-1%, n=6, P<0.05). Our findings are consistent with a functionally significant role of cAMP/PKA signaling (via cGMP inhibition of PDE3) and SR Ca(2+)in mediating the positive chronotropic effect of NO donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Musialek
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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36
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Okabe E, Tsujimoto Y, Kobayashi Y. Calmodulin and cyclic ADP-ribose interaction in Ca2+ signaling related to cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum: superoxide anion radical-triggered Ca2+ release. Antioxid Redox Signal 2000; 2:47-54. [PMID: 11232599 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2000.2.1-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are often shown to damage cellular functions. The targets of oxidative damage depend on the nature of ROS produced and the site of generation. In contrast, ROS can also regulate signal transduction. In this case, ROS may either induce or enhance events, which lead to forward directions of cellular signaling. The consequences of regulation of signal transduction can be observed in physiological processes such as muscle contraction. Here, we discuss the concentration-dependent effects of superoxide anion radical (*O2-) on Ca2+ release from the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Recent studies suggest that the ADP-ribosyl cyclase pathway, through its production of cyclic adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose (cADPR), may control Ca2+ mobilization in cardiac muscle cells. *O2- has dual effects that are concentration dependent. At low concentrations (nearly nanomolar levels), *O2- induces Ca2+ release by stimulating synthesis of cADPR, which requires calmodulin for sensitization of ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+-release channels (RyRC). At these low concentrations, *O2- is responsible for regulation of cellular signal transduction. At higher concentrations (micromolar levels), *O2- produces a loss in the function of calmodulin that is to inhibit RyRC. This results in an increase in Ca2+ release, which is linked to cell injury. The difference in the functions of low and high concentrations of *O2- may result in two distinct physiological roles in cardiac muscle Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Okabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka, Japan.
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37
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Abstract
1. We carried out confocal Ca2+ imaging in myocytes permeabilized with saponin in 'internal' solutions containing: MgATP, EGTA and fluo-3 potassium salt. 2. Permeabilized myocytes exhibited spontaneous Ca2+ sparks and waves similar to those observed in intact myocytes loaded with fluo-3 AM. 3. In the presence of 'low' [EGTA] (0.05 mM), Ca2+ waves arose regularly, even at relatively low [Ca2+] (50-100 nM, free). Increasing [EGTA] resulted in decreased frequency and propagation velocity of Ca2+ waves. Propagating waves were completely abolished at [EGTA] > 0.3 mM. 4. The frequency of sparks increased as a function of [Ca2+] (50-400 nM range) with no sign of a high affinity Ca2+-dependent inactivation process. 5. The rate of occurrence of Ca2+ sparks was increased by calmodulin and cyclic adenosine diphosphate-ribose (cADPR).
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lukyanenko
- Department of Physiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock 79430, USA
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38
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Chesnais JM, Fischmeister R, Mery PF. Peroxynitrite is a positive inotropic agent in atrial and ventricular fibres of the frog heart. J Physiol 1999; 521 Pt 2:375-88. [PMID: 10581309 PMCID: PMC2269669 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.00375.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
1. We report opposite inotropic effects of NO donors in frog cardiac fibres. The negative effect, elicited by either 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1) or S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP), involved cyclic GMP (cGMP) production. However, SIN-1, unlike SNAP, could elicit a positive effect, in a superoxide dismutase (SOD)-sensitive manner. SIN-1, unlike SNAP, can release both NO and superoxide anion, the precursors of peroxynitrite (OONO-). The role of these messengers was examined. 2. Catalase did not reduce the positive inotropic effect of SIN-1. Thus, a conversion of superoxide anion into hydrogen peroxide was not involved in this effect. In addition, catalase did not modify the negative effects of SIN-1 plus SOD, or SNAP plus SOD. 3. LY 83583, a superoxide anion generator, elicited a positive inotropic effect, like SIN-1. The effect of LY 83583 was additive to the negative effects of SIN-1 or SNAP, and to the positive effect of SIN-1. Thus, superoxide anion generation, per se, did not account for the positive effect of SIN-1. 4. Authentic peroxynitrite (OONO-), but not mock-OONO- (negative control plus decomposed OONO-), exerted a dramatic positive inotropic effect in cardiac fibres. The effect of OONO- was larger in atrial fibres, as compared with ventricular fibres. 5. The positive effect of OONO- was not additive with that of SIN-1, suggesting a common mechanism of action. In contrast, the effects of either OONO- or SIN-1 were additive with the negative inotropic effect of SNAP. Furthermore, the effect of OONO-, like that of SIN-1, was not antagonized by 1H-[1,2,4]xidiazolo[4, 3-a]quinoxaline-1-one (ODQ; 10 microM), the guanylyl cyclase inhibitor. 6. The positive inotropic effects of SIN-1 and OONO- were not modified by hydroxyl radical scavengers, such as dimethyl-thio-urea (DMTU; 10 mM). 7. The positive inotropic effect of SIN-1 (100 microM) was abolished in sodium-free solutions, a treatment that eliminates the activity of the sodium-calcium exchanger. In contrast, the effect of SIN-1 was unchanged by a potassium channel inhibitor (tetraethyl-ammonium, 20 mM), or a sodium-potassium pump inhibitor (ouabain 10 microM). 8. We conclude that OONO- is a positive inotropic agent in frog cardiac fibres. The generation of OONO- accounts for the positive inotropic effect of SIN-1. OONO- itself was responsible for the positive inotropic effect, and appeared to modulate the activity of the sodium-calcium exchanger.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Chesnais
- INSERM U-446, Laboratoire de Cardiologie Cellulaire et Moleculaire, Universite Paris-Sud, Faculte de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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Higashida H, Egorova A, Higashida C, Zhong ZG, Yokoyama S, Noda M, Zhang JS. Sympathetic potentiation of cyclic ADP-ribose formation in rat cardiac myocytes. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:33348-54. [PMID: 10559213 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.47.33348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the role of cyclic ADP-ribose (cADP-ribose) as a second messenger downstream of adrenergic receptors in the heart after excitation of sympathetic neurons. To address this question, ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity was measured as the rate of [(3)H]cADP-ribose formation from [(3)H]NAD(+) in a crude membrane fraction of rat ventricular myocytes. Isoproterenol at 1 microM increased ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity by 1.7-fold in ventricular muscle; this increase was inhibited by propranolol. The stimulatory effect on the cyclase was mimicked by 10 nM GTP and 10 microM guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate, whereas 10 microM GTP inhibited the cyclase. Cholera toxin blocked the activation of the cyclase by isoproterenol and GTP. The above effects of isoproterenol and GTP in ventricular membranes were confirmed by cyclic GDP-ribose formation fluorometrically. These results demonstrate the existence of a signal pathway from beta-adrenergic receptors to membrane-bound ADP-ribosyl cyclase via G protein in the ventricular muscle cells and suggest that increased cADP-ribose synthesis is involved in up-regulation of cardiac function by sympathetic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Higashida
- Department of Biophysical Genetics, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
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40
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Wong L, Aarhus R, Lee HC, Walseth TF. Cyclic 3-deaza-adenosine diphosphoribose: a potent and stable analog of cyclic ADP-ribose. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1472:555-64. [PMID: 10564770 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(99)00161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic 3-deaza-adenosine diphosphoribose (3-deaza-cADPR), an analog of cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose (cADPR) was synthesized. 3-deaza-cADPR differs from cADPR by only the substitution of carbon for nitrogen at the 3-position of the purine ring. Similar to cADPR, the analog has potent calcium releasing activity in sea urchin egg homogenates and was able to induce calcium release at concentrations as low as 0.3 nM. The EC(50) value for 3-deaza-cADPR-induced calcium release was 1 nM, which is about 70 times more potent than cADPR. The properties of calcium release induced by 3-deaza-cADPR in all other respects were similar to those of cADPR. Thus, 3-deaza-cADPR and cADPR were capable of cross-desensitizing each other and their calcium releasing activities were potentiated by Sr(2+) as well as caffeine. 8-amino-cADPR, a selective antagonist of cADPR, was also able to inhibit 3-deaza-cADPR induced calcium release. Taken together, these data suggest that 3-deaza-cADPR releases calcium through the same mechanism as cADPR. 3-deaza-cADPR was found to be resistant to both heat and enzymatic hydrolysis. Only 15% of 3-deaza-cADPR was destroyed after boiling this compound for 2 h. No loss of 3-deaza-cADPR was observed when treated with CD38 under conditions where cADPR was completely hydrolyzed. Thus, 3-deaza-cADPR is a potent and stable analog of cADPR. These properties should make 3-deaza-cADPR a useful probe in studies focused on the mechanism of cADPR action.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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41
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Chesnais JM, Fischmeister R, Méry PF. Positive and negative inotropic effects of NO donors in atrial and ventricular fibres of the frog heart. J Physiol 1999; 518 ( Pt 2):449-61. [PMID: 10381591 PMCID: PMC2269428 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0449p.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The cardiac effects of the NO donors sodium nitroprusside (SNP), S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) and 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1) were studied in frog fibres to evaluate the contribution of cyclic GMP-dependent mechanisms. 2. SNP and SNAP (0.1-100 microM) reduced the force of contraction in a concentration-dependent manner in atrial and ventricular fibres. This effect was associated with a reduction in the time to peak (TTP) and the time for half-relaxation of contraction (T). 3. SIN-1 (100 microM) also reduced the force of contraction in two-thirds of the atrial fibres. However, it exerted a positive inotropic effect in the remaining atrial fibres, as well as in most ventricular fibres. 4. The guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxidiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-one (ODQ, 10 microM) antagonized the negative inotropic effects of SIN-1 (50 microM) and SNAP (25 microM) but had no effect on the positive inotropic response to SIN-1 (100 microM). 5. In the presence of SIN-1, superoxide dismutase (SOD, 50-200 U ml-1) either potentiated the negative inotropic effect or turned the positive inotropic effect of the drug into a negative effect. SOD had no effects when applied alone or in the presence of SNAP. 6. 6-Anilino-5,8-quinolinedione (LY 83583, 3-30 microM), a superoxide anion generator also known as a cyclic GMP-lowering agent, exerted a positive inotropic effect, which was antagonized by SOD (200-370 U ml-1) but not by ODQ (10 microM). 7. We conclude that SNP, SNAP and SIN-1 exert cyclic GMP-dependent negative inotropic effects, which are attributed to the generation of NO. In addition, SIN-1 and LY 83583 exert cyclic GMP-independent positive inotropic effects, which require the generation of superoxide anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Chesnais
- Laboratoire de Cardiologie Cellulaire et Moleculaire, INSERM U-446, Universite Paris-Sud, Faculte de Pharmacie, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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42
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Rakovic S, Cui Y, Iino S, Galione A, Ashamu GA, Potter BV, Terrar DA. An antagonist of cADP-ribose inhibits arrhythmogenic oscillations of intracellular Ca2+ in heart cells. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:17820-7. [PMID: 10364226 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.25.17820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oscillations of Ca2+ in heart cells are a major underlying cause of important cardiac arrhythmias, and it is known that Ca2+-induced release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores (the sarcoplasmic reticulum) is fundamental to the generation of such oscillations. There is now evidence that cADP-ribose may be an endogenous regulator of the Ca2+ release channel of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (the ryanodine receptor), raising the possibility that cADP-ribose may influence arrhythmogenic mechanisms in the heart. 8-Amino-cADP-ribose, an antagonist of cADP-ribose, suppressed oscillatory activity associated with overloading of intracellular Ca2+ stores in cardiac myocytes exposed to high doses of the beta-adrenoreceptor agonist isoproterenol or the Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor ouabain. The oscillations suppressed by 8-amino-cADP-ribose included intracellular Ca2+ waves, spontaneous action potentials, after-depolarizations, and transient inward currents. Another antagonist of cADP-ribose, 8-bromo-cADP-ribose, was also effective in suppressing isoproterenol-induced oscillatory activity. Furthermore, in the presence of ouabain under conditions in which there was no arrhythmogenesis, exogenous cADP-ribose was found to be capable of triggering spontaneous contractile and electrical activity. Because enzymatic machinery for regulating the cytosolic cADP-ribose concentration is present within the cell, we propose that 8-amino-cADP-ribose and 8-bromo-cADP-ribose suppress cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations by antagonism of endogenous cADP-ribose, which sensitizes the Ca2+ release channels of the sarcoplasmic reticulum to Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rakovic
- University Department Of Pharmacology, Oxford University Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
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43
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Eu JP, Xu L, Stamler JS, Meissner G. Regulation of ryanodine receptors by reactive nitrogen species. Biochem Pharmacol 1999; 57:1079-84. [PMID: 11230795 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(98)00360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are large intracellular calcium release channels that play an important role in the control of the calcium levels in excitable and non-excitable cells. Many endogenous modulators such as Mg2+, ATP, or calmodulin can affect the channel activities of the three known mammalian RyR isoforms. RyRs also are known to be redox-responsive. However, the molecular basis and the physiological relevance of redox modulation of RyRs are unclear. Recent evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO) and related molecules may be endogenous regulators of the skeletal and cardiac muscle RyRs. The two tissues express nitric oxide synthases (NOSs), and NO or NO-related species have been shown to affect Ca2+ release channel activities directly via covalent modifications of thiol groups. Both an oxidative and a nitrosative modification of RyRs have been described, leading to either a reversible or irreversible alteration of RyR ion channel activity. Additional mechanisms of regulation may include cyclic GMP-dependent signaling pathways and NO modification of RyR regulatory proteins such as the surface membrane L-type Ca2+ channel. Modification of RyRs by NO may influence a variety of physiological functions such as insulin release, vasomotor control, and muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Eu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, Divisions of Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Medicine, and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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44
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Eisner DA, Trafford AW, Díaz ME, Overend CL, O'Neill SC. The control of Ca release from the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum: regulation versus autoregulation. Cardiovasc Res 1998; 38:589-604. [PMID: 9747428 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6363(98)00062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the mechanism and regulation of Ca release from the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. Ca is released through the Ca release channel or ryanodine receptor (RyR) by the process of calcium-induced Ca release (CICR). The trigger for this release is the L-type Ca current with a small contribution from Ca entry on the Na-Ca exchange. Recent work has shown that CICR is controlled at the level of small, local domains consisting of one or a small number of L-type Ca channels and associated RyRs. Ca efflux from the s.r. in one such unit is seen as a 'spark' and the properties of these sparks produce controlled Ca release from the s.r. A major factor controlling the amount of Ca released from the s.r. and therefore the magnitude of the systolic Ca transient is its Ca content. The Ca content depends on both the properties of the s.r. and the cytoplasmic Ca concentration. Changes of s.r. Ca content and the Ca released affect the sarcolemmal Ca and Na-Ca exchange currents and this acts to control cell Ca loading and the s.r. Ca content. The opening probability of the RyR can be regulated by various physiological mediators as well as pharmacological compounds. However, it is shown that, due to compensatory changes of s.r. Ca, modifiers of the RyR only produce transient effects on systolic Ca. We conclude that, although the RyR can be regulated, of much greater importance to the control of Ca efflux from the s.r. are effects due to changes of s.r. Ca content.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Eisner
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK.
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