4
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Altavilla R, Caso V, Bandini F, Agnelli G, Tsivgoulis G, Yaghi S, Furie KL, Tadi P, Becattini C, Zedde M, Abdul-Rahim AH, Lees KR, Alberti A, Venti M, Acciarresi M, D'Amore C, Mosconi MG, Anna Cimini L, Fusaro J, Bovi P, Carletti M, Rigatelli A, Cappellari M, Putaala J, Tomppo L, Tatlisumak T, Marcheselli S, Pezzini A, Poli L, Padovani A, Masotti L, Vannucchi V, Sohn SI, Lorenzini G, Tassi R, Guideri F, Acampa M, Martini G, Ntaios G, Athanasakis G, Makaritsis K, Karagkiozi E, Vadikolias K, Liantinioti C, Chondrogianni M, Mumoli N, Consoli D, Galati F, Sacco S, Carolei A, Tiseo C, Corea F, Ageno W, Bellesini M, Silvestrelli G, Ciccone A, Lanari A, Scoditti U, Denti L, Mancuso M, Maccarrone M, Ulivi L, Orlandi G, Giannini N, Gialdini G, Tassinari T, De Lodovici ML, Bono G, Rueckert C, Baldi A, D'Anna S, Toni D, Letteri F, Giuntini M, Maria Lotti E, Flomin Y, Pieroni A, Kargiotis O, Karapanayiotides T, Monaco S, Maimone Baronello M, Csiba L, Szabó L, Chiti A, Giorli E, Del Sette M, Imberti D, Zabzuni D, Doronin B, Volodina V, Michel P, Vanacker P, Barlinn K, Pallesen LP, Barlinn J, Deleu D, Melikyan G, Ibrahim F, Akhtar N, Gourbali V, Paciaroni M. Anticoagulation After Stroke in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. Stroke 2019; 50:2093-2100. [PMID: 31221054 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.022856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- Bridging therapy with low-molecular-weight heparin reportedly leads to a worse outcome for acute cardioembolic stroke patients because of a higher incidence of intracerebral bleeding. However, this practice is common in clinical settings. This observational study aimed to compare (1) the clinical profiles of patients receiving and not receiving bridging therapy, (2) overall group outcomes, and (3) outcomes according to the type of anticoagulant prescribed. Methods- We analyzed data of patients from the prospective RAF and RAF-NOACs studies. The primary outcome was defined as the composite of ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, systemic embolism, symptomatic cerebral bleeding, and major extracerebral bleeding observed at 90 days after the acute stroke. Results- Of 1810 patients who initiated oral anticoagulant therapy, 371 (20%) underwent bridging therapy with full-dose low-molecular-weight heparin. Older age and the presence of leukoaraiosis were inversely correlated with the use of bridging therapy. Forty-two bridged patients (11.3%) reached the combined outcome versus 72 (5.0%) of the nonbridged patients (P=0.0001). At multivariable analysis, bridging therapy was associated with the composite end point (odds ratio, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.4-3.7; P<0.0001), as well as ischemic (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3-3.9; P=0.005) and hemorrhagic (odds ratio, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.2-4.9; P=0.01) end points separately. Conclusions- Our findings suggest that patients receiving low-molecular-weight heparin have a higher risk of early ischemic recurrence and hemorrhagic transformation compared with nonbridged patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Altavilla
- From the Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (R.A., V.C., G.A., C.B., A.A., M.V., M.A., C.D., M.G.M., L.A.C., J.F., M.P.)
| | - Valeria Caso
- From the Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (R.A., V.C., G.A., C.B., A.A., M.V., M.A., C.D., M.G.M., L.A.C., J.F., M.P.)
| | - Fabio Bandini
- Department of Neurology, Ospedale San Paolo, Savona, Italy (F.B.)
| | - Giancarlo Agnelli
- From the Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (R.A., V.C., G.A., C.B., A.A., M.V., M.A., C.D., M.G.M., L.A.C., J.F., M.P.)
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (G.T.).,Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (G.T., C.L., M. Chondrogianni)
| | - Shadi Yaghi
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy (M.Z.)
| | - Karen L Furie
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy (M.Z.)
| | - Prasanna Tadi
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy (M.Z.)
| | - Cecilia Becattini
- From the Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (R.A., V.C., G.A., C.B., A.A., M.V., M.A., C.D., M.G.M., L.A.C., J.F., M.P.)
| | - Marialuisa Zedde
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy (M.Z.)
| | - Azmil H Abdul-Rahim
- Medical School and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.H.A.-R., K.R.L.)
| | - Kennedy R Lees
- Medical School and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.H.A.-R., K.R.L.)
| | - Andrea Alberti
- From the Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (R.A., V.C., G.A., C.B., A.A., M.V., M.A., C.D., M.G.M., L.A.C., J.F., M.P.)
| | - Michele Venti
- From the Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (R.A., V.C., G.A., C.B., A.A., M.V., M.A., C.D., M.G.M., L.A.C., J.F., M.P.)
| | - Monica Acciarresi
- From the Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (R.A., V.C., G.A., C.B., A.A., M.V., M.A., C.D., M.G.M., L.A.C., J.F., M.P.)
| | - Cataldo D'Amore
- From the Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (R.A., V.C., G.A., C.B., A.A., M.V., M.A., C.D., M.G.M., L.A.C., J.F., M.P.)
| | - Maria Giulia Mosconi
- From the Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (R.A., V.C., G.A., C.B., A.A., M.V., M.A., C.D., M.G.M., L.A.C., J.F., M.P.)
| | - Ludovica Anna Cimini
- From the Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (R.A., V.C., G.A., C.B., A.A., M.V., M.A., C.D., M.G.M., L.A.C., J.F., M.P.)
| | - Jessica Fusaro
- From the Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (R.A., V.C., G.A., C.B., A.A., M.V., M.A., C.D., M.G.M., L.A.C., J.F., M.P.)
| | - Paolo Bovi
- SSO Stroke Unit, UO Neurologia, DAI di Neuroscienze, AOUI Verona, Italy (P.B., M. Carletti, A.R., M. Cappellari)
| | - Monica Carletti
- SSO Stroke Unit, UO Neurologia, DAI di Neuroscienze, AOUI Verona, Italy (P.B., M. Carletti, A.R., M. Cappellari)
| | - Alberto Rigatelli
- SSO Stroke Unit, UO Neurologia, DAI di Neuroscienze, AOUI Verona, Italy (P.B., M. Carletti, A.R., M. Cappellari)
| | - Manuel Cappellari
- SSO Stroke Unit, UO Neurologia, DAI di Neuroscienze, AOUI Verona, Italy (P.B., M. Carletti, A.R., M. Cappellari)
| | - Jukka Putaala
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (J.P., L.T., T.T.)
| | - Liisa Tomppo
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (J.P., L.T., T.T.)
| | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (J.P., L.T., T.T.).,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.).,Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.)
| | - Simona Marcheselli
- Neurologia d'urgenza e Stroke Unit, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Milano, Italy (S.M.)
| | - Alessandro Pezzini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy (A. Pezzini, L.P., A. Padovani)
| | - Loris Poli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy (A. Pezzini, L.P., A. Padovani)
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy (A. Pezzini, L.P., A. Padovani)
| | - Luca Masotti
- Internal Medicine, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Firenze, Italy (L.M., V.V.)
| | - Vieri Vannucchi
- Internal Medicine, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Firenze, Italy (L.M., V.V.)
| | - Sung-Il Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea (S.I.S.)
| | - Gianni Lorenzini
- SC Medicina e Chirurgia d'Accettazione e d'Urgenza, Ospedale Lotti Pontedera, Azienda USL Toscana Nordovest, Pisa, Italy (G.L.)
| | - Rossana Tassi
- Stroke Unit, AOU Senese, Siena, Italy (R.T., F.G., M.A., G. Martini)
| | - Francesca Guideri
- Stroke Unit, AOU Senese, Siena, Italy (R.T., F.G., M.A., G. Martini)
| | - Maurizio Acampa
- Stroke Unit, AOU Senese, Siena, Italy (R.T., F.G., M.A., G. Martini)
| | - Giuseppe Martini
- Stroke Unit, AOU Senese, Siena, Italy (R.T., F.G., M.A., G. Martini)
| | - George Ntaios
- Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., E.K.)
| | - George Athanasakis
- Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., E.K.)
| | | | - Efstathia Karagkiozi
- Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., E.K.)
| | - Konstantinos Vadikolias
- Department of Neurology, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece (K.V.)
| | - Chrysoula Liantinioti
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (G.T., C.L., M. Chondrogianni)
| | - Maria Chondrogianni
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (G.T., C.L., M. Chondrogianni)
| | - Nicola Mumoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Civile di Livorno, Italy (N.M.)
| | - Domenico Consoli
- Stroke Unit, Jazzolino Hospital, Vibo Valentia, Italy (D.C., F.G.)
| | - Franco Galati
- Stroke Unit, Jazzolino Hospital, Vibo Valentia, Italy (D.C., F.G.)
| | - Simona Sacco
- Department of Neurology, University of L'Aquila, Avezzano Hospital, Italy (S.S., A. Carolei, C.T.)
| | - Antonio Carolei
- Department of Neurology, University of L'Aquila, Avezzano Hospital, Italy (S.S., A. Carolei, C.T.)
| | - Cindy Tiseo
- Department of Neurology, University of L'Aquila, Avezzano Hospital, Italy (S.S., A. Carolei, C.T.)
| | - Francesco Corea
- UO Gravi Cerebrolesioni, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Foligno, Italy (F.C.)
| | - Walter Ageno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Insubria University, Varese, Italy (W.A., M.B.)
| | - Marta Bellesini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Insubria University, Varese, Italy (W.A., M.B.)
| | - Giorgio Silvestrelli
- S.C. di Neurologia e S.S. di Stroke Unit, ASST di Mantova, Italy (G.S., A. Ciccone, A.L.)
| | - Alfonso Ciccone
- S.C. di Neurologia e S.S. di Stroke Unit, ASST di Mantova, Italy (G.S., A. Ciccone, A.L.)
| | - Alessia Lanari
- S.C. di Neurologia e S.S. di Stroke Unit, ASST di Mantova, Italy (G.S., A. Ciccone, A.L.)
| | - Umberto Scoditti
- Stroke Unit, Neuroscience Department (U.S.), University of Parma, Italy
| | - Licia Denti
- Stroke Unit, Dipartimento Geriatrico Riabilitativo (L.D.), University of Parma, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Clinica Neurologica, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M. Mancuso, M. Maccarrone, L.U., G.O., N.G., G.G., A.C.)
| | - Miriam Maccarrone
- Clinica Neurologica, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M. Mancuso, M. Maccarrone, L.U., G.O., N.G., G.G., A.C.)
| | - Leonardo Ulivi
- Clinica Neurologica, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M. Mancuso, M. Maccarrone, L.U., G.O., N.G., G.G., A.C.)
| | - Giovanni Orlandi
- Clinica Neurologica, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M. Mancuso, M. Maccarrone, L.U., G.O., N.G., G.G., A.C.).,Neurologia, Ospedale Apuano, Massa Carrara, Italy (G.O., M.G.)
| | - Nicola Giannini
- Clinica Neurologica, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M. Mancuso, M. Maccarrone, L.U., G.O., N.G., G.G., A.C.)
| | - Gino Gialdini
- Clinica Neurologica, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M. Mancuso, M. Maccarrone, L.U., G.O., N.G., G.G., A.C.)
| | - Tiziana Tassinari
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure (Savona), Italy (T.T.)
| | | | - Giorgio Bono
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Insubria University, Varese, Italy (M.L.D.L., G.B.)
| | - Christina Rueckert
- Abteilung für Neurologie, Oberschwabenklinik gGmbH, Ravensburg, Germany (C.R.)
| | - Antonio Baldi
- Stroke Unit, Ospedale di Portogruaro, Venice, Italy (A.B., S.D.)
| | | | - Danilo Toni
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (D.T., F.L., A.P.)
| | - Federica Letteri
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (D.T., F.L., A.P.)
| | | | - Enrico Maria Lotti
- U.O. Neurologia Presidio Ospedaliero di Ravenna Azienda USL della Romagna, Italy (E.M.L.)
| | - Yuriy Flomin
- Stroke and Neurorehabilitation Unit, MC Universal Clinic 'Oberig', Kyiv, Ukraine (Y.F.)
| | - Alessio Pieroni
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (D.T., F.L., A.P.)
| | | | | | - Serena Monaco
- Stroke Unit, Ospedale Civico, Palermo, Italy (S.M., M.M.B.)
| | | | - Laszló Csiba
- Stroke Unit, University of Debrecen, Hungary (L.C., L.S.)
| | - Lilla Szabó
- Stroke Unit, University of Debrecen, Hungary (L.C., L.S.)
| | - Alberto Chiti
- Clinica Neurologica, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Pisa, Italy (M. Mancuso, M. Maccarrone, L.U., G.O., N.G., G.G., A.C.).,Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy (A.C., E.G., M.D.S.)
| | - Elisa Giorli
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy (A.C., E.G., M.D.S.)
| | - Massimo Del Sette
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy (A.C., E.G., M.D.S.).,Divisione di Neurologia, Ospedale Galliera, Genoa, Italy (M.D.S.)
| | - Davide Imberti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Civile di Piacenza, Italy (D.I., D.Z.)
| | - Dorjan Zabzuni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Civile di Piacenza, Italy (D.I., D.Z.)
| | - Boris Doronin
- Municipal Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Novosibirsk, City Clinical Hospital No. 1, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Russia (B.D., V.V.)
| | - Vera Volodina
- Municipal Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Novosibirsk, City Clinical Hospital No. 1, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Russia (B.D., V.V.)
| | - Patrik Michel
- Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, Centre Cérébrovasculaire, Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M.)
| | - Peter Vanacker
- Department of Neurology, Born Bunge Institute, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium (P.V.)
| | - Kristian Barlinn
- Department of Neurology, Dresden University Stroke Center, Germany (K.B., L.-P.P., J.B.)
| | - Lars-Peder Pallesen
- Department of Neurology, Dresden University Stroke Center, Germany (K.B., L.-P.P., J.B.)
| | - Jessica Barlinn
- Department of Neurology, Dresden University Stroke Center, Germany (K.B., L.-P.P., J.B.)
| | - Dirk Deleu
- Neurology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (D.D., G. Melikyan, F.I., N.A.)
| | - Gayane Melikyan
- Neurology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (D.D., G. Melikyan, F.I., N.A.)
| | - Faisal Ibrahim
- Neurology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (D.D., G. Melikyan, F.I., N.A.)
| | - Naveed Akhtar
- Neurology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (D.D., G. Melikyan, F.I., N.A.)
| | | | - Maurizio Paciaroni
- From the Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (R.A., V.C., G.A., C.B., A.A., M.V., M.A., C.D., M.G.M., L.A.C., J.F., M.P.)
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6
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Chung JW, Kim BJ, Han MK, Ko Y, Lee S, Kang K, Park JM, Park SS, Park TH, Cho YJ, Hong KS, Lee KB, Lee J, Ryu WS, Kim DE, Nah HW, Kim DH, Cha JK, Kim JT, Cho KH, Choi JC, Oh MS, Yu KH, Lee BC, Jang MS, Lee JS, Lee J, Gorelick PB, Yoon BW, Bae HJ. Impact of Guidelines on Clinical Practice: Intravenous Heparin Use for Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2016; 47:1577-83. [PMID: 27118793 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.012639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Since its introduction, controversy has existed about the administration of intravenous heparin for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. We studied trends in the intravenous heparin use during a 6-year time period and the potential influence of clinical guidelines in national language on intravenous heparin administration in Korea. METHODS On the basis of a prospective nationwide multicenter stroke registry, we collected data on patients with acute ischemic stroke who arrived within 7 days of symptom onset during the time period 2008 to 2013. We studied patient demographics, prestroke medical history, stroke characteristics, and stroke treatment. Data from a total of 23 425 patients from 12 university hospitals or regional stroke centers were analyzed. RESULTS The administration of intravenous heparin steadily decreased throughout the study period: 9.7% in 2008, 10.9% in 2009, 9.4% in 2010, 6.0% in 2011, 4.7% in 2012, and 4.3% in 2013 (P for trend <0.001). The reduced intravenous heparin use was associated with moderate stroke severity, atrial fibrillation, and stroke of cardioembolic, other-, and undetermined etiology. In a multivariable logistic model, increase of 1 calendar year (odds ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.84-0.95; P<0.001) and release of clinical practice guidelines in Korean (odd ratio, 0.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.59-0.91; P<0.01) were independent factors associated with reduction in the frequency of intravenous heparin use. CONCLUSIONS Use of intravenous heparin for acute ischemic stroke treatment has decreased in Korea, and this change may be attributable to the spread and successful implementation of regional clinical practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Won Chung
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Youngchai Ko
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - SooJoo Lee
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Kyusik Kang
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Sang-Soon Park
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Jun Lee
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Wi-Sun Ryu
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Hyun-Wook Nah
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Ki-Hyun Cho
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Mi-Sun Oh
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Myung Suk Jang
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.). braindoc
| | - Philip B Gorelick
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Byung-Woo Yoon
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.). braindoc
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