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Montes-Narváez O, García-Juárez M, Beltrán-Pérez G, Espinosa-García C, González-Flores O, Delgado-Macuil RJ. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to evaluate serum protein expression in a murine cerebral ischemia model. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 326:125261. [PMID: 39395276 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.125261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 10/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/14/2024]
Abstract
Stroke is a prevalent vascular disease that causes disability and death worldwide. Molecular techniques have been developed to assess serum concentrations of biomarkers associated with this disease, such as some proteins. ATR-FTIR was proposed as an alternative technique to determine protein expression during the early stages of stroke. Serum samples from sham, ischemic, and ischemic treated with estradiol benzoate (EB; as a neuroprotective agent) male rats were evaluated at 0, 2-, 4-, 6-, 12-, and 24-hours post-ischemia. The analysis was developed in the mid-infrared region but mainly focused on the protein region (1500-1700 cm-1), where it was possible to observe the modulation in the absorbance intensity. The peaks at 1545, 1645, 1635, and 1650 cm-1 associated with amide II, amide I, β-sheets, and α-helixes, respectively, were prominent peaks where protein modulation was observed. The results demonstrate that infrared spectroscopy could be a good alternative technique to determine the modulation of protein expression during stroke events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Montes-Narváez
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Plaza Hidalgo S/N. San Nicolas Panotla, C.P. 90140 Tlaxcala, Mexico; Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala 90000, Mexico
| | - Marcos García-Juárez
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Plaza Hidalgo S/N. San Nicolas Panotla, C.P. 90140 Tlaxcala, Mexico.
| | - Georgina Beltrán-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Claudia Espinosa-García
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Oscar González-Flores
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Plaza Hidalgo S/N. San Nicolas Panotla, C.P. 90140 Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Raúl Jacobo Delgado-Macuil
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Tepetitla, Tlaxcala 90700, Mexico
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Guo B, Ma B, Li M, Li Y, Liang P, Han D, Yan X, Hu S. The nitration of SIRT6 aggravates neuronal damage during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rat. Nitric Oxide 2024; 153:26-40. [PMID: 39374645 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability. The activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and the resulting production of nitric oxide (NO) via NMDA receptor-mediated calcium influx play an exacerbating role in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. The NO rapidly reacts with superoxide (O2-) to form peroxynitrite (ONOO-), a toxic molecule may modify proteins through tyrosine residue nitration, ultimately worsening neuronal damage. SIRT6 has been proven to be crucial in regulating cell proliferation, death, and aging in various pathological settings. We have previous reported that human SIRT6 tyrosine nitration decreased its intrinsic catalytic activity in vitro. However, the exact role of SIRT6 function in the process of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury is not yet fully elucidated. Herein, we demonstrated that an increase in the nitration of SIRT6 led to reduce its enzymatic activity and aggravated hippocampal neuronal damage in a rat model of four-artery cerebral ischemia reperfusion. In addition, reducing SIRT6 nitration resulted in increase the activity of SIRT6, alleviating hippocampal neuronal damage. Moreover, SIRT6 nitration affected its downstream molecule activity such as PARP1 and GCN5, promoting the process of neuronal ischemic injury in rat hippocampus. Additionally, treatment with NMDA receptor antagonist MK801, or nNOS inhibitor 7-NI, and resveratrol (an antioxidant) diminished SIRT6 nitration and the catalytic activity of downstream molecules like PARP1 and GCN5, thereby reducing neuronal damage. Finally, in the biochemical regulation of SIRT6 activity, tyrosine 257 was essential for its activity and susceptibility to nitration. Replacing tyrosine 257 with phenylalanine in rat SIRT6 attenuated the death of SH-SY5Y neurocytes under oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions. These results may offer further understanding of SIRT6 function in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan Guo
- The Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, School of Second Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Bin Ma
- The Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, School of Second Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, China
| | - Ming Li
- The Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, School of Second Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, The General Hospital of Xuzhou Mining Group, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221006, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- The Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, School of Second Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Pengchong Liang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Central Hospital of Baoji City, Baoji, Shanxi, 721008, China
| | - Dong Han
- The Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, School of Second Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Xianliang Yan
- The Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, School of Second Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Suining People's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, China.
| | - Shuqun Hu
- The Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, School of Second Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China.
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Zhan L, Qiu M, Zheng J, Lai M, Lin K, Dai J, Sun W, Xu E. Fractalkine/CX3CR1 axis is critical for neuroprotection induced by hypoxic postconditioning against cerebral ischemic injury. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:457. [PMID: 39327578 PMCID: PMC11426015 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation is a major contributor to neuronal damage after cerebral ischemia. The Fractalkine (FKN)/CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) axis plays a critical role in regulating microglial activation and neuroinflammation. The aim of this study is to ascertain the role and mechanism of FKN/CX3CR1 axis in hypoxic postconditioning (HPC)-induced anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects on transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI). We found that HPC suppressed microglial activation and alleviated neuroinflammation in hippocampal CA1 after tGCI. Meanwhile, HPC upregulated the expression of FKN and CX3CR1 in neurons, but it downregulated the expression of CX3CR1 in glial cells after tGCI. In addition, the overexpression of FKN induced by the administration of FKN-carried lentivirus reduced microglial activation and inhibited neuroinflammation in CA1 after tGCI. Furthermore, silencing CX3CR1 with CX3CRi-carried lentivirus in CA1 after tGCI suppressed microglial activation and neuroinflammation and exerted neuroprotective effects. Finally, the overexpression of FKN caused a marked increase of neuronal CX3CR1 receptors, upregulated the phosphorylation of Akt, and reduced neuronal loss of rats in CA1 after tGCI. These findings demonstrated that HPC protected against neuronal damage in CA1 of tGCI rats through inhibiting microglial activation and activating Akt signaling pathway via FKN/CX3CR1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixuan Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang Dong RD, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Meiqian Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang Dong RD, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang Dong RD, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Meijing Lai
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang Dong RD, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Kunqin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang Dong RD, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Jiahua Dai
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang Dong RD, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Weiwen Sun
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang Dong RD, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - En Xu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang Dong RD, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China.
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Pâslaru AC, Călin A, Morozan VP, Stancu M, Tofan L, Panaitescu AM, Zăgrean AM, Zăgrean L, Moldovan M. Burst-Suppression EEG Reactivity to Photic Stimulation-A Translational Biomarker in Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. Biomolecules 2024; 14:953. [PMID: 39199341 PMCID: PMC11352952 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The reactivity of an electroencephalogram (EEG) to external stimuli is impaired in comatose patients showing burst-suppression (BS) patterns following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI). We explored the reactivity of BS induced by isoflurane in rat models of HIBI and controls using intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) delivered to one eye. The relative time spent in suppression referred to as the suppression ratio (SR) was measured on the contralateral fronto-occipital cortical EEG channel. The BS reactivity (BSR) was defined as the decrease in the SR during IPS from the baseline before stimulation (SRPRE). We found that BSR increased with SRPRE. To standardize by anesthetic depth, we derived the BSR index (BSRi) as BSR divided by SRPRE. We found that the BSRi was decreased at 3 days after transient global cerebral ischemia in rats, which is a model of brain injury after cardiac arrest. The BSRi was also reduced 2 months after experimental perinatal asphyxia in rats, a model of birth asphyxia, which is a frequent neonatal complication in humans. Furthermore, Oxytocin attenuated BSRi impairment, consistent with a neuroprotective effect in this model. Our data suggest that the BSRi is a promising translational marker in HIBI which should be considered in future neuroprotection studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru-Cătălin Pâslaru
- Division of Physiology—Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-C.P.); (V.-P.M.); (M.S.); (L.T.); (A.M.P.); (A.-M.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Alexandru Călin
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SE59RS, UK;
| | - Vlad-Petru Morozan
- Division of Physiology—Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-C.P.); (V.-P.M.); (M.S.); (L.T.); (A.M.P.); (A.-M.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Mihai Stancu
- Division of Physiology—Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-C.P.); (V.-P.M.); (M.S.); (L.T.); (A.M.P.); (A.-M.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Division of Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Laurențiu Tofan
- Division of Physiology—Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-C.P.); (V.-P.M.); (M.S.); (L.T.); (A.M.P.); (A.-M.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Anca Maria Panaitescu
- Division of Physiology—Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-C.P.); (V.-P.M.); (M.S.); (L.T.); (A.M.P.); (A.-M.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Filantropia, 011132 Bucharest, Romania
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Zăgrean
- Division of Physiology—Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-C.P.); (V.-P.M.); (M.S.); (L.T.); (A.M.P.); (A.-M.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Leon Zăgrean
- Division of Physiology—Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-C.P.); (V.-P.M.); (M.S.); (L.T.); (A.M.P.); (A.-M.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Mihai Moldovan
- Division of Physiology—Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-C.P.); (V.-P.M.); (M.S.); (L.T.); (A.M.P.); (A.-M.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Poitras M, Doiron A, Plamondon H. Selective estrogen receptor activation prior to global cerebral ischemia in female rats impacts microglial activation and anxiety-like behaviors without effects on CA1 neuronal injury. Behav Brain Res 2024; 470:115094. [PMID: 38844057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) activation by 17-ß estradiol (E2) can attenuate neuronal injury and behavioral impairments following global cerebral ischemia (GCI) in rodents. This study sought to further examine the discrete roles of ERs through characterization of the effects of selective ER activation on post-ischemic pro-inflammatory microglial activation, hippocampal neuronal injury, and anxiety-like behaviors. Forty-six ovariectomized (OVX) adult female Wistar rats received daily s.c injections (100 μg/kg/day) of propylpyrazole triol (PPT; ERα agonist), diarylpropionitrile (DPN; ERβ agonist), G-1 (G-protein coupled ER agonist; GPER), E2 (activating all receptors), or vehicle solution (VEH) for 21 days. After final injection, rats underwent GCI via 4-vessel occlusion (n=8 per group) or sham surgery (n=6, vehicle injections). The Open Field Test (OFT), Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), and Hole Board Test (HBT) assessed anxiety-like behaviors. Microglial activation (Iba1, CD68, CD86) in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), CA1 of the hippocampus, and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) was determined 8 days post-ischemia. Compared to sham rats, Iba1 activation and CA1 neuronal injury were increased in all ischemic groups except DPN-treated rats, with PPT-treated ischemic rats also showing increased PVN Iba1-ir expression. Behaviorally, VEH ischemic rats showed slightly elevated anxiety in the EPM compared to sham counterparts, with no significant effects of agonists. While no changes were observed in the OFT, emotion regulation via grooming in the HBT was increased in G-1 rats compared to E2 rats. Our findings support selective ER activation to regulate post-ischemic microglial activation and coping strategies in the HBT, despite minimal impact on hippocampal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilou Poitras
- Cerebro Vascular Accidents and Behavioral Recovery Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alexandra Doiron
- Cerebro Vascular Accidents and Behavioral Recovery Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Hélène Plamondon
- Cerebro Vascular Accidents and Behavioral Recovery Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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de Oliveira RMW, Kohara NA, Milani H. Cannabidiol in experimental cerebral ischemia. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 177:95-120. [PMID: 39029992 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
The absence of blood flow in cerebral ischemic conditions triggers a multitude of intricate pathophysiological mechanisms, including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, disruption of the blood-brain barrier and white matter disarrangement. Despite numerous experimental studies conducted in preclinical settings, existing treatments for cerebral ischemia (CI), such as mechanical and pharmacological therapies, remain constrained and often entail significant side effects. Therefore, there is an imperative to explore innovative strategies for addressing CI outcomes. Cannabidiol (CBD), the most abundant non-psychotomimetic compound derived from Cannabis sativa, is a pleiotropic substance that interacts with diverse molecular targets and has the potential to influence various pathophysiological processes, thereby contributing to enhanced outcomes in CI. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the primary effects of CBD in in vitro and diverse animal models of CI and delves into some of its plausible mechanisms of neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalia Akemi Kohara
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Humberto Milani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Venketasubramanian N, Yeo TT, Chen CLH. Translational Medicine in Acute Ischemic Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury-NeuroAiD Trials, from Traditional Beliefs to Evidence-Based Therapy. Biomolecules 2024; 14:680. [PMID: 38927083 PMCID: PMC11202287 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are two severe neurological events, both being major causes of death and prolonged impairment. Their incidence continues to rise due to the global increase in the number of people at risk, representing a significant burden on those remaining impaired, their families, and society. These molecular and cellular mechanisms of both stroke and TBI present similarities that can be targeted by treatments with a multimodal mode of action, such as traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, we performed a detailed review of the preclinical and clinical development of MLC901 (NeuroAiDTMII), a natural multi-herbal formulation targeting several biological pathways at the origin of the clinical deficits. The endogenous neurobiological processes of self-repair initiated by the brain in response to the onset of brain injury are often insufficient to achieve complete recovery of impaired functions. This review of MLC901 and its parent formulation MLC601 confirms that it amplifies the natural self-repair process of brain tissue after AIS or TBI. Following AIS and TBI where "time is brain", many patients enter the post-acute phase with their functions still impaired, a period when "the brain needs time to repair itself". The treatment goal must be to accelerate recovery as much as possible. MLC901/601 demonstrated a significant reduction by 18 months of recovery time compared to a placebo, indicating strong potential for facilitating the improvement of health outcomes and the more efficient use of healthcare resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tseng Tsai Yeo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
| | - Christopher Li Hsian Chen
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Blk MD3, 16 Medical Drive, #04-01, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
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Lysikova T, Tomascova A, Kovalska M, Lehotsky J, Leskova Majdova K, Kaplan P, Tatarkova Z. Dynamics in Redox-Active Molecules Following Ischemic Preconditioning in the Brain. Neurol Int 2024; 16:533-550. [PMID: 38804479 PMCID: PMC11130914 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint16030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the brain is quite vulnerable to oxidative stress, initiating neuronal loss after ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. A potent protective mechanism is ischemic preconditioning (IPC), where proteins are among the primary targets. This study explores redox-active proteins' role in preserving energy supply. Adult rats were divided into the control, IR, and IPC groups. Protein profiling was conducted to identify modified proteins and then verified through activity assays, immunoblot, and immunohistochemical analyses. IPC protected cortex mitochondria, as evidenced by a 2.26-fold increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Additionally, stable core subunits of respiratory chain complexes ensured sufficient energy production, supported by a 16.6% increase in ATP synthase activity. In hippocampal cells, IPC led to the downregulation of energy-related dehydrogenases, while a significantly higher level of peroxiredoxin 6 (PRX6) was observed. Notably, IPC significantly enhanced glutathione reductase activity to provide sufficient glutathione to maintain PRX6 function. Astrocytes may mobilize PRX6 to protect neurons during initial ischemic events, by decreased PRX6 positivity in astrocytes, accompanied by an increase in neurons following both IR injury and IPC. Maintained redox signaling via astrocyte-neuron communication triggers IPC's protective state. The partnership among PRX6, SOD, and glutathione reductase appears essential in safeguarding and stabilizing the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terezia Lysikova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Anna Tomascova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Maria Kovalska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Jan Lehotsky
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Katarina Leskova Majdova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Peter Kaplan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Zuzana Tatarkova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
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Liu XY, Zhang LY, Wang XY, Li SC, Hu YY, Zhang JG, Xian XH, Li WB, Zhang M. STAT4-Mediated Klotho Up-Regulation Contributes to the Brain Ischemic Tolerance by Cerebral Ischemic Preconditioning via Inhibiting Neuronal Pyroptosis. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2336-2356. [PMID: 37875707 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03703-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study has proved that the Klotho up-regulation participated in cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIP)-induced brain ischemic tolerance. However, the exact neuroprotective mechanism of Klotho in CIP remains unclear. We explored the hypothesis that STAT4-mediated Klotho up-regulation contributes to the CIP-induced brain ischemic tolerance via inhibiting neuronal pyroptosis. Firstly, the expressions of pyroptosis-associated proteins (i.e., NLRP3, GSDMD, pro-caspase-1, and cleaved caspase-1) in hippocampal CA1 region were determined during the process of brain ischemic tolerance. We found the expression of pyroptosis-associated proteins was significantly up-regulated in the ischemic insult (II) group, and showed no significant changes in the CIP group. The expression level of each pyroptosis-associated proteins was lower in the CIP + II group than that in the II group. Inhibition of Klotho expression increased the expression of pyroptosis-associated proteins in the CIP + II group and blocked the CIP-induced brain ischemic tolerance. Injection of Klotho protein decreased the expression of pyroptosis-associated proteins in the II group, and protected neurons from ischemic injury. Secondly, the transcription factor STAT4 of Klotho was identified by bioinformatic analysis. Double luciferase reporter gene assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed STAT4 can bind to the site between nt - 881 and - 868 on the Klotho promoter region and positively regulates Klotho expression. Moreover, we found CIP significantly enhanced the expression of STAT4. Knockdown STAT4 suppressed Klotho up-regulation after CIP and blocked the CIP-induced brain ischemic tolerance. Collectively, it can be concluded that STAT4-mediated the up-regulation of Klotho contributed to the brain ischemic tolerance induced by CIP via inhibiting pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yun Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Chao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yan Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ge Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Xian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Kharkongor R, Nambi P, Radhakrishnan R. Fucoidan protects CA1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus and preserves the cognitive profile of rats subjected to transient forebrain ischemia. Brain Res 2024; 1828:148769. [PMID: 38237671 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Fucoidan, a polysaccharide derived from brown seaweeds, especially Fucus Vesiculosus has been documented as an effective neuroprotectant. This study investigates the efficacy of fucoidan in mitigating the cognitive deficits in the rat model of vascular dementia induced through the 4-vessel occlusions (4VO) method. Male Wistar rats weighing about 250-300 g were randomly assigned into four groups, sham, lesion (4VO), 4VO + F5mg/kg, and 4VO + F50mg/kg. The rats were assessed for cognitive behaviour performance through novel object task, T-maze and Morris water maze, and finally, the hippocampus from the brain was harvested to quantify the profile of CA1 pyramidal neurons through CFV staining and the expression of inflammatory markers and angiogenic markers were quantified through western blot assessment on day7 and 30 of the study period. The rats were treated with fucoidan at a dose of 50 mg/kg. body weight showed improved spatial learning and memory compared to the lesion group and the cytoarchitecture of CA1 pyramidal cells was observed to be well preserved. The expression of IL1β, IL6, TNFα, NFk-B, CD68 and HIFα were found to be down-regulated, while on the contrary the VEGFR2 and angiopoietin-1 were up regulated in the 4VO + F50mg/kg group when compared with the lesion group. In conclusion, this study ascertains the role of fucoidan in support of the cognitive profile of rats subjected to vascular dementia and in preserving the CA1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus by regulating the inflammatory and angiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronyson Kharkongor
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanasamy Mudaliar Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Pradeepkumar Nambi
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanasamy Mudaliar Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rameshkumar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanasamy Mudaliar Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India.
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11
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Lu X, Zhan L, Chai G, Chen M, Sun W, Xu E. Hypoxic Preconditioning Attenuates Neuroinflammation via Inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3 Axis Mediated by p-MLKL after Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1080-1099. [PMID: 37682454 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03628-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) has been reported to alleviate neuronal damage and microglial activation in hippocampal CA1 after transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI). However, the molecular mechanism is unclear. Recent studies identified that nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB)/oligomerization domain-like receptors protein (NLRP) 3 inflammasome pathway is mainly involved in the activation of microglia and that phosphorylated (p)-mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) is related to the regulation of NF-κB/NLRP3 axis. Hence, in this study, we set out to investigate whether HPC attenuates neuronal damage and microglial activation through inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3 axis mediated by p-MLKL after tGCI in CA1 of male rats. We found that HPC decreased NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia and inhibited M1 polarization of microglia in CA1 after tGCI. Mechanistically, HPC inhibited the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and reduced the mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome after tGCI. Additionally, the knockdown of p-MLKL by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) administration inhibited the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and reduced the formation of NLRP3 inflammasome, thus attenuating M1 polarization of microglia and decreasing the release of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in CA1 post ischemia. We consider that p-MLKL in microglia may be derived from necroptotic neurons after tGCI. In conclusion, the new finding in this study is that HPC-induced neuroprotection against tGCI through inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway mediated by p-MLKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Lu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixuan Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guorong Chai
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiyan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwen Sun
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - En Xu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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12
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Poitras M, Morin A, Bentley GE, Plamondon H. Global cerebral ischemia in adult female rats interrupts estrous cyclicity and induces lasting changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis signaling peptides. Neurosci Lett 2024; 819:137578. [PMID: 38048875 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Persistent post-ischemic alterations to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis occur following global cerebral ischemia (GCI) in rodents. However, similar effects on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis activation remain to be determined. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of GCI in adult female rats (via four-vessel occlusion) on the regularity of the estrous cycle for 24-days post ischemia. A second objective aimed to assess persistent alterations of HPG axis activation through determination of the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), kisspeptin (Kiss1), and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH/RFamide-related peptide; RFRP3) in the medial preoptic area (POA), arcuate nucleus (ARC), dorsomedial nucleus (DMH) of the hypothalamus, and CA1 of the hippocampus 25 days post ischemia. Expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and CA1 served as a proxy of altered HPA axis activation. Our findings demonstrated interruption of the estrous cycle in 87.5 % of ischemic rats, marked by persistent diestrus, lasting on average 11.86 days. Moreover, compared to sham-operated controls, ischemic female rats showed reduced Kiss1 expression in the hypothalamic ARC and POA, concomitant with elevated ERα in the ARC and increased GnIH in the DMH and CA1. Reduced GR expression in the CA1 was associated with increased GR-immunoreactivity in the PVN, indicative of lasting dysregulation of HPA axis activation. Together, these findings demonstrate GCI disruption of female rats' estrous cycle over multiple days, with a lasting impact on HPG axis regulators within the reproductive axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilou Poitras
- Cerebro Vascular Accidents and Behavioural Recovery Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alexandre Morin
- Cerebro Vascular Accidents and Behavioural Recovery Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - George E Bentley
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hélène Plamondon
- Cerebro Vascular Accidents and Behavioural Recovery Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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13
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Riew TR, Hwang JW, Jin X, Kim HL, Jung SJ, Lee MY. Astrocytes are involved in the formation of corpora amylacea-like structures from neuronal debris in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus after ischemia. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1308247. [PMID: 38188667 PMCID: PMC10766773 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1308247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that the corpora amylacea (CA), a glycoprotein-rich aggregate frequently found in aged brains, accumulates in the ischemic hippocampus and that osteopontin (OPN) mediates the entire process of CA formation. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which astrocytes and microglia participate in CA formation during the late phase (4-12 weeks) of brain ischemia. Based on various morphological analyses, including immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, immunoelectron microscopy, and correlative light and electron microscopy, we propose that astrocytes are the primary cells responsible for CA formation after ischemia. During the subacute phase after ischemia, astrocytes, rather than microglia, express Opn messenger ribonucleic acid and OPN protein, a surrogate marker and key component of CA. Furthermore, the specific localization of OPN in the Golgi complex suggests that it is synthesized and secreted by astrocytes. Astrocytes were in close proximity to type I OPN deposits, which accumulated in the mitochondria of degenerating neurons before fully forming the CA (type III OPN deposits). Throughout CA formation, astrocytes remained closely attached to OPN deposits, with their processes exhibiting well-developed gap junctions. Astrocytic cytoplasmic protein S100β, a calcium-binding protein, was detected within the fully formed CA. Additionally, ultrastructural analysis revealed direct contact between astroglial fibrils and the forming facets of the CA. Overall, we demonstrated that astrocytes play a central role in mediating CA formation from the initial stages of OPN deposit accumulation to the evolution of fully formed CA following transient ischemia in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Ryong Riew
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Hwang
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuyan Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Lim Kim
- Integrative Research Support Center, Laboratory of Electron Microscope, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sharon Jiyoon Jung
- Technological Convergence Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Yong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Kim H, Urquhart R, Pontarelli F, Jover-Mengual T, Ofengeim D, Hwang JY. Protocol for establishing a global ischemia model using a 4-vessel occlusion in rats. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102630. [PMID: 38264871 PMCID: PMC10751550 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Global cerebral ischemia occurs when blood flow to the entire brain is transiently blocked, which results in delayed neurologic deficits. Here, we present a protocol for performing the four-vessel occlusion rat model to study the neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits associated with global ischemia. We describe steps for carrying out the vertebral and common carotid artery occlusion which enables sufficient blockage of cerebral blood flow. We then detail expected outcomes using histology assays and behavioral tests. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Chung et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunha Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Rachael Urquhart
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | | | - Teresa Jover-Mengual
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Departamento de Fisiología, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | | | - Jee-Yeon Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.
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15
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Kim HJ, Lee JO, Kim JS. Otoconial Degeneration After Transient Ischemia Induced by Four-Vessel Occlusion in Rats. J Clin Neurol 2023; 19:478-482. [PMID: 36700479 PMCID: PMC10471547 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2022.0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ischemia of the inner ear may damage the otoconia. However, no study has explored any changes in the configuration of otoconia after transient ischemia of the labyrinth. METHODS Nineteen 7-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to either the sham (n=5) or the experimental group (n=14). The rats in the experimental group were subjected to global ischemia for 20 minutes using a four-vessel occlusion model, and were sacrificed seven days after the procedure. The rats in the sham group were sacrificed without any procedure. The otolithic organs (utricle and saccule) were dissected out for scanning electron microscope. RESULTS The otolithic organs in the sham group showed their normal gross configuration with a dense clumping of otoconia with a normal hexagonal morphology and a smooth surface. The otolithic organs in the experimental group also maintained a grossly normal configuration, but each otoconia showed irregular surfaces with numerous cracks or furrows, especially in the periphery of the otoconial bed. CONCLUSIONS The current study showed that otoconial degeneration may occur even after transient ischemia of the labyrinth. This finding supports an association between cerebral ischemia and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jung Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jin-Ok Lee
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Dizziness Center, Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
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16
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Bavarsad K, Farbood Y, Mard SA, Khoshnam SE, Dianat M, Jahangiri HM, Khorsandi LS, Goudarzi G, Sarkaki A. Effects of Gallic Acid on Memory Deficits and Electrophysiological Impairments Induced by Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rats Following Exposure to Ambient Dust Storm. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03953-5. [PMID: 37222948 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03953-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the probable protective effects of gallic acid (GA) on cognitive deficits, hippocampal long term potentiation (LTP) impairments, and molecular changes induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats following exposure to ambient dust storm. After pretreatment with GA (100 mg/kg), or vehicle (Veh) (normal saline, 2 ml/kg) for ten days, and 60 minutes' exposure to dust storm including PM (PM, 2000-8000 g/m3) every day, 4-vessel occlusion (4VO) type of I/R was induced. Three days after I/R induction, we evaluated behavioral, electrophysiological, histopathological, molecular and brain tissue inflammatory cytokine changes. Our findings indicated that pretreatment with GA significantly reduced cognitive impairments caused by I/R (P < 0.05) and hippocampal LTP impairments caused by I/R after PM exposure (P < 0.001). Additionally, after exposure to PM, I/R significantly elevated the tumor necrosis factor α content (P < 0.01) and miR-124 level (P < 0.001) while pre-treatment with GA reduced the level of miR-124 (P < 0.001). Histopathological results also revealed that I/R and PM caused cell death in the hippocampus CA1 area (P < 0.001) and that GA decreased the rate of cell death (P < 0.001). Our findings show that GA can prevent brain inflammation, and thus cognitive and LTP deficits caused by I/R, PM exposure, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kowsar Bavarsad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- National Institute for Medical Research Development "NIMAD", Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- National Institute for Medical Research Development "NIMAD", Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mard
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- National Institute for Medical Research Development "NIMAD", Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- National Institute for Medical Research Development "NIMAD", Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahin Dianat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- National Institute for Medical Research Development "NIMAD", Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Mirshekari Jahangiri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- National Institute for Medical Research Development "NIMAD", Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laya Sadat Khorsandi
- National Institute for Medical Research Development "NIMAD", Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- National Institute for Medical Research Development "NIMAD", Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Technology Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- National Institute for Medical Research Development "NIMAD", Tehran, Iran.
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medica Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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17
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Zhang LY, Liu XY, Su AC, Hu YY, Zhang JG, Xian XH, Li WB, Zhang M. Klotho Upregulation via PPARγ Contributes to the Induction of Brain Ischemic Tolerance by Cerebral Ischemic Preconditioning in Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:1355-1367. [PMID: 35900650 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIP)-induced brain ischemic tolerance protects neurons from subsequent lethal ischemic insult. However, the specific mechanisms underlying CIP remain unclear. In the present study, we explored the hypothesis that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) participates in the upregulation of Klotho during the induction of brain ischemic tolerance by CIP. First we investigated the expression of Klotho during the brain ischemic tolerance induced by CIP. Lethal ischemia significantly decreased Klotho expression from 6 h to 7 days, while CIP significantly increased Klotho expression from 12 h to 7 days in the hippocampal CA1 region. Inhibition of Klotho expression by its shRNA blocked the neuroprotection induced by CIP. These results indicate that Klotho participates in brain ischemic tolerance by CIP. Furthermore, we tested the role of PPARγ in regulating Klotho expression after CIP. CIP caused PPARγ protein translocation to the nucleus in neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Pretreatment with GW9962, a PPARγ inhibitor, significantly attenuated the upregulation of Klotho protein and blocked the brain ischemic tolerance induced by CIP. Taken together, it can be concluded that Klotho upregulation via PPARγ contributes to the induction of brain ischemic tolerance by CIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xi-Yun Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - A-Chou Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yan Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing-Ge Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Xian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, China.
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18
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Estuani J, Godinho J, Borges SC, Neves CQ, Milani H, Buttow NC. Global cerebral ischemia followed by long-term reperfusion promotes neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the small intestine in Wistar rats. Tissue Cell 2023; 81:102033. [PMID: 36764059 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Brain ischemia and reperfusion may occur in several clinical conditions that have high rates of mortality and disability, compromising an individual's quality of life. Brain injury can affect organs beyond the brain, such as the gastrointestinal tract. The present study investigated the effects of cerebral ischemia on the ileum and jejunum during a chronic reperfusion period by examining oxidative stress, inflammatory parameters, and the myenteric plexus in Wistar rats. MAIN METHODS Ischemia was induced by the four-vessel occlusion model for 15 min with 52 days of reperfusion. Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were evaluated using biochemical techniques. Gastrointestinal transit time was evaluated, and immunofluorescence techniques were used to examine morpho-quantitative aspects of myenteric neurons. KEY FINDINGS Brain ischemia and reperfusion promoted inflammation, characterized by increases in myeloperoxidase and N-acetylglycosaminidase activity, oxidative stress, and lipid hydroperoxides, decreases in superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, a decrease in levels of reduced glutathione, neurodegeneration in the gut, and slow gastrointestinal transit. SIGNIFICANCE Chronic ischemia and reperfusion promoted a slow gastrointestinal transit time, oxidative stress, and inflammation and neurodegeneration in the small intestine in rats. These findings indicate that the use of antioxidant and antiinflammatory molecules even after a long period of reperfusion may be useful to alleviate the consequences of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Estuani
- Biosciences and Pathophysiology Program, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Godinho
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Quaglio Neves
- Program in Biological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Humberto Milani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Nilza Cristina Buttow
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, block H79 room 105 A, CEP: 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
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19
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Wen H, Zuo Y, Li L, Zhan L, Xue J, Sun W, Xu E. Hypoxic postconditioning restores mitophagy against transient global cerebral ischemia via Parkin-induced posttranslational modification of TBK1. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 179:106043. [PMID: 36805078 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic postconditioning (HPC) has been reported to enhance Parkin-catalyzed mitochondrial ubiquitination to restore mitophagy in hippocampal CA1 against transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI). However, the molecular mechanism leading ubiquitinated mitochondria to final clearance during HPC-mediated mitophagy after tGCI is unclear. This study aims to investigate whether HPC restores mitophagy after tGCI through Parkin-induced K63-linked poly-ubiquitination (K63-Ub) to activate tumor necrosis factor associated factor family member associated nuclear factor κB activator -binding kinase 1 (TBK1) in CA1 of male rats. We found that HPC maintained TBK1 expression, promoted p62 and TBK1 phosphorylation in mitochondria, and enhanced their recruitments to mitochondria in CA1 after tGCI. However, these effects were partially abolished by TBK1 inhibitor BX795. K63-Ub of mitochondrial TBK1 was disturbed at 26 h of reperfusion after tGCI, which was reversed by HPC. The maintenance of K63-Ub of mitochondrial TBK1 induced by HPC was counteracted under Parkin knockdown with AAV-mediated Prkn small-interfering RNA, accompanied by the suppression on TBK1 activation and the reduction of mitochondrial p62 phosphorylation. This innovative study indicated that HPC maintained K63-Ub of TBK1 in a Parkin-dependent manner to promote TBK1 phosphorylation, and then phosphorylated TBK1 activated p62 to restore mitophagy, thereby alleviating neuronal damage in CA1 after tGCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, PR China; Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunyan Zuo
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, PR China
| | - Luxi Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, PR China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixuan Zhan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, PR China
| | - Jiahui Xue
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, PR China
| | - Weiwen Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, PR China
| | - En Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, PR China.
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20
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Gao X, Chen F, Xu X, Liu J, Dong F, Liu Y. Ro25-6981 alleviates neuronal damage and improves cognitive deficits by attenuating oxidative stress via the Nrf2/ARE pathway in ischemia/reperfusion rats. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:106971. [PMID: 36586245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of cerebral ischemia‒reperfusion injury (CIRI). Therefore, ameliorating oxidative damage is considered to be a beneficial strategy for the treatment of CIRI. NMDAR NR2B subunit antagonists have been reported to be beneficial for synaptic plasticity, neuropathic pain, epilepsy, and cerebral ischemia. However, it remains unclear whether the NR2B subunit antagonist Ro25-6981 has any effect on CIRI. METHODS In this study, the Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test were used to detect spatial learning and memory. Neuronal loss was measured by Nissl staining. The expression of NSE was assayed by immunohistochemistry. The activities of MDA, 8-OHdG, SOD, GSH-Px, GST and CAT were detected by assay kits. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of hippocampal SOD, GSH-Px and HO-1. Western blotting was used to measure the activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway by Ro25-6981. RESULTS Ro25-6981 ameliorated cognitive deficits and neuronal damage induced by ischemia‒reperfusion (I/R). Neuronal injury was decreased and the expression of NSE was increased in the CA1 regions of the hippocampus of I/R rats after Ro25-6981 treatment. Moreover, Ro25-6981 alleviated the levels of MDA and 8-OHdG by elevating the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, GST and CAT. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of SOD, GSH-Px and HO-1 were increased in I/R rats after Ro25-6981 treatment. Furthermore, Ro25-6981 promoted the translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus, promoting the expression of the Nrf2 downstream genes HO-1 and NQO1. CONCLUSION The present study indicated that the improvement in the antioxidant properties of Ro25-6981 is mediated by the Nrf2/ARE pathway. This is the first study to demonstrate a favorable effect of Ro25-6981 on cognitive impairment in a CIRI rat model, rendering this NR2B subunit antagonist a promising agent for the treatment or prevention of CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxian Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Jiujiang, 48 Taling South Road, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province 332000, China
| | - Fei Chen
- The First Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China
| | - Xinqi Xu
- The First Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- School of Life Science, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China
| | - Fuxing Dong
- Public Experimental Research Center, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- Laboratory of National Experimental Teaching and Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China.
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21
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Zuo Y, Zhan L, Wen H, Xue J, Tan Y, Sun W, Xu E. Stabilization of nuclear β-catenin by inhibiting KDM2A mediates cerebral ischemic tolerance. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22796. [PMID: 36723950 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic postconditioning (HPC) with 8% oxygen increases nuclear accumulation of β-catenin through activating the classical Wnt pathway, thereby alleviating transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI)-induced neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 subregion of adult rats. However, little is understood about the regulatory mechanism of nuclear β-catenin in HPC-mediated cerebral ischemic tolerance. Although lysine(K)-specific demethylase 2A (KDM2A) has been known as a crucial regulator of nuclear β-catenin destabilization, whether it plays an important role through modulating nuclear β-catenin in cerebral ischemic tolerance induced by HPC remains unknown. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanism of stabilizing nuclear β-catenin by inhibiting KDM2A-mediated demethylation in the HPC-offered neuroprotection against tGCI. In addition, we confirmed that nuclear methylated-β-catenin in CA1 decreased and nuclear β-catenin turnover increased after tGCI, which were reversed by HPC. The administration with methyltransferase inhibitor AdOx abrogated HPC-induced methylation and stabilization of nuclear β-catenin in CA1, as well as the neuroprotection against tGCI. Notably, HPC downregulated the expression of KDM2A in CA1 and reduced the interaction between KDM2A and β-catenin in the nucleus after tGCI. The knockdown of KDM2A with small-interfering RNA could upregulate nuclear methylated-β-catenin and stabilize β-catenin, thereby increasing survivin in CA1 and improving the cognitive function of rats after tGCI. Opposite results were observed by the administration of KDM2A-carried adenovirus vector. Furthermore, we demonstrated that KDM2A mediates the demethylation of nuclear β-catenin through jumonji C (JmjC) domain of KDM2A in HEK-293T and SH-SY5Y cells. Our data support that the inhibition of KDM2A-mediated demethylation of nuclear β-catenin contributes to HPC-induced neuroprotection against tGCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixuan Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Wen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Xue
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yafu Tan
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Weiwen Sun
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - En Xu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Yang CZ, Wang SH, Zhang RH, Lin JH, Tian YH, Yang YQ, Liu J, Ma YX. Neuroprotective effect of astragalin via activating PI3K/Akt-mTOR-mediated autophagy on APP/PS1 mice. Cell Death Dis 2023; 9:15. [PMID: 36681681 PMCID: PMC9867706 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
As a small molecule flavonoid, astragalin (AST) has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-oxidation effects. However, the impact and molecular mechanism of AST in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are still not clear. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of AST on APP/PS1 mice and Aβ25-35-injured HT22 cells. In this study, we found that AST ameliorated cognitive dysfunction, reduced hippocampal neuronal damage and loss, and Aβ pathology in APP/PS1 mice. Subsequently, AST activated autophagy and up-regulated the levels of autophagic flux-related protein in APP/PS1 mice and Aβ25-35-induced injury in HT22 cells. Interestingly, AST down-regulated the phosphorylation level of PI3K/Akt-mTOR pathway-related proteins, which was reversed by autophagy inhibitors 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) or Bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1). At the same time, consistent with the impacts of Akt inhibitor MK2206 and mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, inhibited levels of autophagy in Aβ25-35-injured HT22 cells were activated by the administration of AST. Taken together, these results suggested that AST played key neuroprotective roles on AD via stimulating PI3K/Akt-mTOR pathway-mediated autophagy and autophagic flux. This study revealed a new mechanism of autophagy regulation behind the neuroprotection impact of AST for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Zhu Yang
- grid.411847.f0000 0004 1804 4300Department of Anatomy, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Han Wang
- grid.411847.f0000 0004 1804 4300Department of Anatomy, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Run-Heng Zhang
- grid.411847.f0000 0004 1804 4300Department of Anatomy, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hong Lin
- grid.411847.f0000 0004 1804 4300Department of Anatomy, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Hong Tian
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Experiment Teaching & Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Qi Yang
- grid.411847.f0000 0004 1804 4300Department of Anatomy, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- grid.411847.f0000 0004 1804 4300Department of Anatomy, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xin Ma
- grid.411847.f0000 0004 1804 4300Department of Anatomy, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.411847.f0000 0004 1804 4300Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Semenov DG, Belyakov AV, Rybnikova EA. Experimental Modeling of Damaging and Protective Hypoxia of the Mammalian Brain. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022; 58:2021-2034. [PMID: 36573160 PMCID: PMC9773672 DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022060291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is a new surge of interest in the problem of hypoxia, almost lost in recent decades. Due to the fact that the circle of competent specialists in this field has significantly narrowed, it is necessary to carry out an intensive exchange of knowledge. In order to inform a wide range of interested researchers and doctors, this review summarizes the current understanding of hypoxia, its pathogenic and adaptogenic consequences, as well as key physiological and molecular mechanisms that implement the response to hypoxia at various levels-from cellular to organismic. The review presents a modern classification of forms of hypoxia, the understanding of which is necessary for the formation of a scientifically based approach to experimental modeling of hypoxic states. An analysis of the literature covering the history and current level of hypoxia modeling in mammals and human experiments, including methods for creating moderate hypoxia used to increase the resistance of the nervous system to severe forms of hypoxia and other extreme factors, is carried out. Special attention is paid to the discussion of the features and limitations of various approaches to the creation of hypoxia, as well as the disclosure of the potential for the practical application of moderate hypoxic effects in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Semenov
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Belyakov
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E A Rybnikova
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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24
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Yang Y, Zhao X, Zhu Z, Zhang L. Vascular dementia: A microglia's perspective. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101734. [PMID: 36113763 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is a second most common form of age-related dementia. It is characterized by cognitive impairment associated with vascular pathology, symptoms mainly caused by cerebral damage due to inadequate blood flow to the brain. The pathogenesis of VaD is complex, and a growing body of literature emphasizes on the involvement of microglia in disease development and progression. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of microglia in regulating neuroinflammation under the pathogenesis of VaD. The commonly used animal and cell models for understanding the disease pathogenesis were summarized. The mechanisms by which microglia contribute to VaD are multifactorial, and we specifically focus on some of the predominant functions of microglia, including chemotaxis, secretory property, phagocytosis, and its crosstalk with other neurovascular unit cells. Finally, potential therapeutic strategies targeting microglia-modulated neuroinflammation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zirui Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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25
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Edaravone Dexborneol Alleviates Cerebral Ischemic Injury via MKP-1-Mediated Inhibition of MAPKs and Activation of Nrf2. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4013707. [PMID: 36110124 PMCID: PMC9470337 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4013707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The edaravone and dexborneol concentrated solution for injection (edaravone-dexborneol) is a medication used clinically to treat neurological impairment induced by ischemic stroke. This study was aimed at investigating the preventive effects and the underlying mechanisms of edaravone-dexborneol on cerebral ischemic injury. A rat four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) model was established, and the neuronal injury and consequent neurological impairment of rats was investigated. Brain tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and nitric oxide (NO) levels were determined. The levels of proteins in mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways were determined by western immunoblotting. The function of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) was investigated using both western blot and immunofluorescence methods, and the effect of the MKP-1 inhibitor, (2E)-2-benzylidene-3-(cyclohexylamino)-3H-inden-1-one (BCI), was investigated. The results indicated that edaravone-dexborneol alleviated neurological deficiency symptoms and decreased apoptosis and neuron damage in the hippocampal CA1 area of the ischemic rats. Edaravone-dexborneol increased the MKP-1 level; decreased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK); inhibited NF-κB p65 activation; and boosted Nrf2 activation, all of which were partially reversed by the MKP-1 inhibitor, BCI. The above results indicated that the upregulation of MKP-1 contributed to the protective effects of edaravone-dexborneol against ischemic brain injury. Our findings support the hypothesis that edaravone-dexborneol can alleviate cerebral ischemic injury via the upregulation of MKP-1, which inhibits MAPKs and activates Nrf2.
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26
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Yu W, Li Y, Hu J, Wu J, Huang Y. A Study on the Pathogenesis of Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: The Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Hypothesis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164742. [PMID: 36012981 PMCID: PMC9409771 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic mechanisms underlying vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) remain controversial due to the heterogeneity of vascular causes and complexity of disease neuropathology. However, one common feature shared among all these vascular causes is cerebral blood flow (CBF) dysregulation, and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is the universal consequence of CBF dysregulation, which subsequently results in an insufficient blood supply to the brain, ultimately contributing to VCID. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to emphasize the important contributions of CCH to VCID and illustrate the current findings about the mechanisms involved in CCH-induced VCID pathological changes. Specifically, evidence is mainly provided to support the molecular mechanisms, including Aβ accumulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, trophic uncoupling and white matter lesions (WMLs). Notably, there are close interactions among these multiple mechanisms, and further research is necessary to elucidate the hitherto unsolved questions regarding these interactions. An enhanced understanding of the pathological features in preclinical models could provide a theoretical basis, ultimately achieving the shift from treatment to prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +86-0755-8392-2833 (J.W.); +86-010-83572857 (Y.H.)
| | - Yining Huang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +86-0755-8392-2833 (J.W.); +86-010-83572857 (Y.H.)
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27
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Su AC, Zhang LY, Zhang JG, Hu YY, Liu XY, Li SC, Xian XH, Li WB, Zhang M. The Regulation of Autophagy by p38 MAPK-PPARγ Signaling During the Brain Ischemic Tolerance Induced by Cerebral Ischemic Preconditioning. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:838-849. [PMID: 35944278 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies indicated that autophagy activation participates in brain ischemic tolerance (BIT) induced by cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIP). However, the mechanism of autophagy activation during the process still remains unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of p38 MAPK-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signaling cascade in autophagy during the CIP-induced BIT. The results shown that, initially, autophagy activation was observed after CIP in the model of global cerebral ischemia in rats, as was indicated by the upregulation of Beclin 1 expression, an increase in LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, the enhanced LC3 immunofluorescence, and a rise in the number of autophagosomes in the neurons of the hippocampal CA1 area. Besides, the inhibitor of autophagy 3-methyladenine obliterated the neuroprotection induced by CIP. Furthermore, the upregulation of p-p38 MAPK and PPARγ expressions was earlier than autophagy activation after CIP. In addition, pretreatment with SB203580 (the inhibitor of p38 MAPK) reversed CIP-induced PPARγ upregulation, autophagy activation, and neuroprotection. Pretreatment with GW9662 (the inhibitor of PPARγ) reversed autophagy activation and neuroprotection, while it had no effect on p-p38 MAPK upregulation induced by CIP. These data suggested that the p38 MAPK-PPARγ signaling pathway participates in autophagy activation during the induction of BIT by CIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Chou Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ge Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yan Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Yun Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Chao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Xian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
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28
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Zhan L, Chen M, Pang T, Li X, Long L, Liang D, Peng L, Sun W, Xu E. Attenuation of Piwil2 induced by hypoxic postconditioning prevents cerebral ischemic injury by inhibiting CREB2 promoter methylation. Brain Pathol 2022; 33:e13109. [PMID: 35794855 PMCID: PMC9836370 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modification contributes to the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia. Piwil2 belongs to the PIWI proteins subfamily and has a key role in the regulation of gene transcription through epigenetics. However, the roles of Piwil2 in cerebral ischemia have not been investigated. In this study, we aim to elucidate the roles and the underlying molecular mechanisms of Piwil2 in ischemic tolerance induced by hypoxic postconditioning (HPC) against transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI). We found that the expression of Piwil2 in CA1 was downregulated by HPC after tGCI. Silencing Piwil2 with antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS-ODN) in CA1 after tGCI decreased the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and exerted neuroprotective effects. Opposite results were observed after overexpression of Piwil2 induced by administration of Piwil2-carried lentivirus. Furthermore, we revealed differentially expressed Piwil2-interacting piRNAs in CA1 between HPC and tGCI groups by RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Moreover, downregulating Piwil2 induced by HPC or AS-ODN after tGCI caused a marked reduction of DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A), which in turn abolished the tGCI-induced increase in the DNA methylation of cyclic AMP response element-binding 2 (CREB2), thus increasing mRNA and protein of CREB2. Finally, downregulating Piwil2 restored dendritic complexity and length, prevented the loss of dentritic spines, thereby improving cognitive function after tGCI. These data firstly reveal that Piwil2 plays an important part in HPC-mediated neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia through epigenetic regulation of CREB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixuan Zhan
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina
| | - Meiyan Chen
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina
| | - Taoyan Pang
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina
| | - Xinyu Li
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina
| | - Long Long
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina
| | - Donghai Liang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Rollins School of Public HealthEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Linhui Peng
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina
| | - Weiwen Sun
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina
| | - En Xu
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina
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Cai H, Huang LY, Hong R, Song JX, Guo XJ, Zhou W, Hu ZL, Wang W, Wang YL, Shen JG, Qi SH. Momordica charantia Exosome-Like Nanoparticles Exert Neuroprotective Effects Against Ischemic Brain Injury via Inhibiting Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 and Activating the AKT/GSK3β Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:908830. [PMID: 35814200 PMCID: PMC9263912 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.908830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) have shown great potential in treating tumor and inflammatory diseases, but the neuroprotective effect of plant ELNs remains unknown. In the present study, we isolated and characterized novel ELNs from Momordica charantia (MC) and investigated their neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the present study, MC-ELNs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and MC-ELN injection intravenously. The integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) was examined by Evans blue staining and with the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), claudin-5, and ZO-1. Neuronal apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL and the expression of apoptotic proteins including Bcl2, Bax, and cleaved caspase 3. The major discoveries include: 1) Dil-labeled MC-ELNs were identified in the infarct area; 2) MC-ELN treatment significantly ameliorated BBB disruption, decreased infarct sizes, and reduced neurological deficit scores; 3) MC-ELN treatment obviously downregulated the expression of MMP-9 and upregulated the expression of ZO-1 and claudin-5. Small RNA-sequencing revealed that MC-ELN-derived miRNA5266 reduced MMP-9 expression. Furthermore, MC-ELN treatment significantly upregulated the AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway and attenuated neuronal apoptosis in HT22 cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that MC-ELNs attenuate ischemia-reperfusion–induced damage to the BBB and inhibit neuronal apoptosis probably via the upregulation of the AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Cai
- Pharmacology College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lin-Yan Huang
- Medical and Technology School, Xuzhou Medical University, And Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou, China
| | - Rui Hong
- Pharmacology College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jin-Xiu Song
- Pharmacology College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xin-Jian Guo
- Medical and Technology School, Xuzhou Medical University, And Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Li Hu
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wan Wang
- Medical and Technology School, Xuzhou Medical University, And Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- Medical and Technology School, Xuzhou Medical University, And Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Gang Shen
- Medical and Technology School, Xuzhou Medical University, And Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- *Correspondence: Su-Hua Qi, ; Jian-Gang Shen,
| | - Su-Hua Qi
- Pharmacology College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Medical and Technology School, Xuzhou Medical University, And Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Su-Hua Qi, ; Jian-Gang Shen,
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30
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Osteopontin mediates the formation of corpora amylacea-like structures from degenerating neurons in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus after ischemia. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 389:443-463. [PMID: 35688947 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that osteopontin (OPN) is closely associated with calcium precipitation in response to ischemic brain insults. The present study was designed to elucidate the possible association between deposition of OPN and progressive neurodegeneration in the ischemic hippocampus. To address this, we analyzed the OPN deposits in the rat hippocampus after global cerebral ischemia in the chronic phase (4 to 12 weeks) after reperfusion using immunoelectron microscopy and correlative light and electron microscopy. We identified three different types of OPN deposits based on their morphological characteristics, numbered according to the order in which they evolved. Dark degenerative cells that retained cellular morphology were frequently observed in the pyramidal cell layer, and type I OPN deposits were degenerative mitochondria that accumulated among these cells. Type II deposits evolved into more complex amorphous structures with prominent OPN deposits within their periphery and within degenerative mitochondria-like structures. Finally, type III had large concentric laminated structures with irregularly shaped bodies in the center of the deposits. In all types, OPN expression was closely correlated with calcification, as confirmed by calcium fixation and Alizarin Red staining. Notably, type II and III deposits were highly reminiscent of corpora amylacea, glycoprotein-rich aggregates found in aged brains, or neurodegenerative disease, which was further confirmed by ubiquitin expression and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Overall, our data provide a novel link between ongoing neurodegeneration and the formation of corpora amylacea-like structures and calcium deposits in the ischemic hippocampus, suggesting that OPN may play an important role in such processes.
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Chen BW, Yang SH, Kuo CH, Chen JW, Lo YC, Kuo YT, Lin YC, Chang HC, Lin SH, Yu X, Qu B, Ro SCV, Lai HY, Chen YY. Neuro-Inspired Reinforcement Learning To Improve Trajectory Prediction In Reward-Guided Behavior. Int J Neural Syst 2022; 32:2250038. [DOI: 10.1142/s0129065722500381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Li S, Zhang L, Lin J, Su A, Liu X, Zhang J, Xian X, Hu Y, Li W, Sun S, Zhang M. LncRNA BIRF Promotes Brain Ischemic Tolerance Induced By Cerebral Ischemic Preconditioning Through Upregulating GLT-1 via Sponging miR-330-5p. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3996-4014. [PMID: 35451738 PMCID: PMC9167204 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02841-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important regulatory role in various diseases. However, the role of lncRNAs in brain ischemic tolerance (BIT) induced by cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIPC) is still unknown. The lncRNA profile of rat cortical astrocytes pretreated with ischemic preconditioning was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. The results of Cell-Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay showed that a novel lncRNA, NONRATT009133.2, which we referred to as brain ischemia-related factor (BIRF), was highly correlated with BIT. Through bioinformatics analysis, we predicted that BIRF, miR-330-5p, and GLT-1 (also named Slc1a2) might constitute a ceRNA regulatory network in the induction of BIT. We found that BIRF was upregulated by CIPC, which promoted GLT-1 expression and BIT induction. BIRF could directly bind to miR-330-5p. Furthermore, miR-330-5p directly targeted GLT-1, and miR-330-5p inhibited both GLT-1 expression and BIT induction in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, BIRF acts as a molecular sponge to competitively bind to miR-330-5p with GLT-1 mRNA, while the miR-330-5p inhibitor reversed all the effects of BIRF siRNA on GLT-1 expression and neuronal vitality. Taken together, our results demonstrate the important roles of the BIRF/miR-330-5p/GLT-1 axis in the induction of BIT by CIPC. BIRF may be a potentially effective therapeutic strategy against stroke injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Li
- Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention of Hebei Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lingyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention of Hebei Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiajie Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Achou Su
- Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention of Hebei Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention of Hebei Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingge Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention of Hebei Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaohui Xian
- Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention of Hebei Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuyan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention of Hebei Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention of Hebei Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shaoguang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention of Hebei Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Baranovicova E, Hnilicova P, Kalenska D, Kaplan P, Kovalska M, Tatarkova Z, Tomascova A, Lehotsky J. Metabolic Changes Induced by Cerebral Ischemia, the Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning, and Hyperhomocysteinemia. Biomolecules 2022; 12:554. [PMID: 35454143 PMCID: PMC9032340 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) metabolomics is one of the fundamental tools in the fast-developing metabolomics field. It identifies and quantifies the most abundant metabolites, alterations of which can describe energy metabolism, activated immune response, protein synthesis and catabolism, neurotransmission, and many other factors. This paper summarizes our results of the 1H NMR metabolomics approach to characterize the distribution of relevant metabolites and their alterations induced by cerebral ischemic injury or its combination with hyperhomocysteinemia in the affected tissue and blood plasma in rodents. A decrease in the neurotransmitter pool in the brain tissue likely follows the disordered feasibility of post-ischemic neurotransmission. This decline is balanced by the increased tissue glutamine level with the detected impact on neuronal health. The ischemic injury was also manifested in the metabolomic alterations in blood plasma with the decreased levels of glycolytic intermediates, as well as a post-ischemically induced ketosis-like state with increased plasma ketone bodies. As the 3-hydroxybutyrate can act as a likely neuroprotectant, its post-ischemic increase can suggest its supporting role in balancing ischemic metabolic dysregulation. Furthermore, the 1H NMR approach revealed post-ischemically increased 3-hydroxybutyrate in the remote organs, such as the liver and heart, as well as decreased myocardial glutamate. Ischemic preconditioning, as a proposed protective strategy, was manifested in a lower extent of metabolomic changes and/or their faster recovery in a longitudinal study. The paper also summarizes the pre- and post-ischemic metabolomic changes in the rat hyperhomocysteinemic models. Animals are challenged with hyperglycemia and ketosis-like state. A decrease in several amino acids in plasma follows the onset and progression of hippocampal neuropathology when combined with ischemic injury. The 1H NMR metabolomics approach also offers a high potential for metabolites in discriminatory analysis in the search for potential biomarkers of ischemic injury. Based on our results and the literature data, this paper presents valuable findings applicable in clinical studies and suggests the precaution of a high protein diet, especially foods which are high in Met content and low in B vitamins, in the possible risk of human cerebrovascular neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Baranovicova
- Biomedical Center BioMed, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (E.B.); (P.H.); (A.T.)
| | - Petra Hnilicova
- Biomedical Center BioMed, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (E.B.); (P.H.); (A.T.)
| | - Dagmar Kalenska
- Department of Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Kaplan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (P.K.); (Z.T.)
| | - Maria Kovalska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Zuzana Tatarkova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (P.K.); (Z.T.)
| | - Anna Tomascova
- Biomedical Center BioMed, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (E.B.); (P.H.); (A.T.)
| | - Jan Lehotsky
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (P.K.); (Z.T.)
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34
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Castro CC, Souza Pagnussat A, Munhoz CD, Netto CA. Coumestrol pre‐treatment improves spatial learning and memory deficits following transient cerebral ischemia recruiting hippocampal
GluR2 AMPA
receptors. Hippocampus 2022; 32:413-418. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cibele Canal Castro
- Department of Biochemistry Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Aline Souza Pagnussat
- Department of Physiotherapy Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Carolina Demarchi Munhoz
- Department of Pharmacology Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Ciências Biomedicas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Netto
- Department of Biochemistry Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
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35
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Li K, Jiang J, Shi Z, Zhan L, Peng L, Sun W, Tang Y, Zuo X, Xu E. Neuroprotective Effects of Rhodiola Sacra on Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia Through Activating AMPK/Nrf2 Pathway in Rats. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:567-591. [PMID: 34714119 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Rhodiola sacra is a widely used pharmaceutical component with multiple functions, including anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation. However, the exact mechanisms involved in neuroprotection against transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI) remain to be elucidated. Herein, we aim at closing the gap in understanding on whether rhodiola sacra reduces neuronal death in hippocampal CA1 and at demonstrating how rhodiola sacra offers neuroprotection after tGCI. Results: The results show that rhodiola sacra (2.4 g/kg/d by feeding) pretreatment or/and postreatment significantly alleviated neuronal injury, inhibited glial activation, and improved cognitive function in male rats subjected to tGCI. The neuroprotection of prophylaxis with rhodiola sacra is equivalent to that of therapeutics. The binding mode of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α2-subunit with rhodiola sacra was predicted by molecular docking. Further, rhodiola sacra upregulates phosphorylated AMPK and promotes nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). In addition, rhodiola sacra increases heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and activity and reduces malondialdehyde (MDA) content in CA1 after tGCI. However, the neuroprotection of rhodiola sacra is abolished by Nrf2 knockdown with small interfering RNA (siRNA) after tGCI. Similarly, the inhibition of AMPK with Compound C or siRNA against AMPK α2 aggravates neuronal death after tGCI through decreasing nuclear Nrf2 and the expression and activity of HO-1, and by increasing the release of MDA. Innovation and Conclusion: For the first time, this study demonstrates that as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent rhodiola sacra prevents oxidant stress, protects neurons, and improves cognitive function through activating the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway in tGCI rats. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 567-591.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongping Li
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Qingyuan, Qingyuan, China
| | - Zhe Shi
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Qingyuan, Qingyuan, China
| | - Lixuan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linhui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xialin Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - En Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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36
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GSK-126 Protects CA1 Neurons from H3K27me3-Mediated Apoptosis in Cerebral Ischemia. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2552-2562. [PMID: 35091962 PMCID: PMC9016005 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02677-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics, including histone modifications, play a significant role in central nervous system diseases, but the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of H3K27me3 in regulating transcriptomic and pathogenic mechanisms following global ischemic stroke. Here, we found that in vivo ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury induced marked upregulation of H3K27me3 in the hippocampus. The administration of GSK-126 to rat brains decreased the levels of H3K27me3 in the hippocampus and reduced neuronal apoptosis after experimental stroke. Furthermore, ChIP-seq data demonstrated that the primary role of GSK-126 in the ischemic brain is to reduce H3K27me3 enrichment, mediating negative regulation of the execution phase of apoptosis and the MAPK signaling pathway. Further study suggested that the protective role of GSK-126 in ischemic rats was antagonized by U0126, an inhibitor of ERK1/2. Collectively, we demonstrated the potential of H3K27me3 as a novel stroke therapeutic target, and GSK-126 exerted a neuroprotective function in ischemic brain injury, which might be associated with activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway.
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37
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Poh L, Sim WL, Jo DG, Dinh QN, Drummond GR, Sobey CG, Chen CLH, Lai MKP, Fann DY, Arumugam TV. The role of inflammasomes in vascular cognitive impairment. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:4. [PMID: 35000611 PMCID: PMC8744307 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing prevalence of Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI) worldwide, and several studies have suggested that Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion (CCH) plays a critical role in disease onset and progression. However, there is a limited understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of VCI, especially in relation to CCH. Neuroinflammation is a significant contributor in the progression of VCI as increased systemic levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has been extensively reported in VCI patients. Recently it has been established that CCH can activate the inflammasome signaling pathways, involving NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes that critically regulate IL-1β production. Given that neuroinflammation is an early event in VCI, it is important that we understand its molecular and cellular mechanisms to enable development of disease-modifying treatments to reduce the structural brain damage and cognitive deficits that are observed clinically in the elderly. Hence, this review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of CCH-induced inflammasome signaling in VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luting Poh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Liang Sim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Quynh Nhu Dinh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC Australia
| | - Grant R. Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC Australia
| | - Christopher G. Sobey
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC Australia
| | - Christopher Li-Hsian Chen
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K. P. Lai
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Y. Fann
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V. Arumugam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC Australia
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Morin A, Poitras M, Plamondon H. Global Cerebral Ischemia in Male Long Evans Rats Impairs Dopaminergic/ΔFosB Signalling in the Mesocorticolimbic Pathway Without Altering Delay Discounting Rates. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:770374. [PMID: 35058756 PMCID: PMC8763703 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.770374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Global cerebral ischemia (GCI) in rats has been shown to promote exploration of anxiogenic zones of the Elevated-Plus Maze (EPM) and Open Field Test (OFT). This study investigated changes in impulsive choice and/or defensive responses as possible contributors of heightened anxiogenic exploration observed after ischemia. Impulsivity was assessed using delay discounting (DD) paradigms, while the Predator Odour Test (PO) served to assess changes in defensive responses towards a naturally aversive stimulus. Male Long Evans rats underwent 9 days of autoshaping training and 24 days of DD training prior to GCI or sham surgery (n = 9/group). Post-surgery, rats completed the OFT, EPM, and PO, followed by 6 days of DD sessions. Blood droplets served to evaluate corticosterone secretion associated with PO exposure. With impulsivity being regulated through mesocorticolimbic monoaminergic pathways, we also characterised post-ischemic changes in the expression of dopamine D2 receptors (DRD2), dopamine transporters (DAT), and 1FosB in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), nucleus accumbens core (NAcC) and shell (NAcS), and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) using immunohistofluorescence. Our findings revealed no impact of GCI on delay discounting rates, while PO approach behaviours were minimally affected. Nonetheless, GCI significantly reduced DRD2 and ΔFosB-ir in the NAcS and NAcC, respectively, while DAT-ir was diminished in both NAc subregions. Collectively, our findings refine the understanding of cognitive-behavioural and biochemical responses following stroke or cardiac arrest. They support significant alterations to the dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic pathway after ischemia, which are not associated with altered impulsive choice in a DD task but may influence locomotor exploration of the OFT and EPM.
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Yang T, Guo R, Ofengeim D, Hwang JY, Zukin RS, Chen J, Zhang F. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Death. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-69424-7.00005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bibic A, Sordia T, Henningsson E, Knutsson L, Ståhlberg F, Wirestam R. Effects of red blood cells with reduced deformability on cerebral blood flow and vascular water transport: measurements in rats using time-resolved pulsed arterial spin labelling at 9.4 T. Eur Radiol Exp 2021; 5:53. [PMID: 34935093 PMCID: PMC8692551 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-021-00243-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our aim was to introduce damaged red blood cells (RBCs) as a tool for haemodynamic provocation in rats, hypothesised to cause decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) and prolonged water capillary transfer time (CTT), and to investigate whether expected changes in CBF could be observed and if haemodynamic alterations were reflected by the CTT metric. Methods Damaged RBCs exhibiting a mildly reduced deformability were injected to cause aggregation of RBCs. Arterial spin labelling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging experiments were performed at 9.4 T. Six datasets (baseline plus five datasets after injection) were acquired for each animal in a study group and a control group (13 and 10 female adult Wistar rats, respectively). For each dataset, ASL images at ten different inversion times were acquired. The CTT model was adapted to the use of a measured arterial input function, implying the use of a realistic labelling profile. Repeated measures ANOVA was used (alpha error = 0.05). Results After injection, significant differences between the study group and control group were observed for relative CBF in white matter (up to 20 percentage points) and putamen (up to 18–20 percentage points) and for relative CTT in putamen (up to 35–40 percentage points). Conclusions Haemodynamic changes caused by injection of damaged RBCs were observed by ASL-based CBF and CTT measurements. Damaged RBCs can be used as a tool for test and validation of perfusion imaging modalities. CTT model fitting was challenging to stabilise at experimental signal-to-noise ratio levels, and the number of free parameters was minimised. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41747-021-00243-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Bibic
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tea Sordia
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Linda Knutsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Freddy Ståhlberg
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ronnie Wirestam
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Burda J, Burda R. Ischemic tolerance - blessing or curse. Physiol Res 2021; 70:661-670. [PMID: 34505532 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of knowledge about ischemic tolerance to clinic requires the solid understanding of mechanism of creation of this phenomenon. This review summarizes research that has been carried out in many laboratories over a long period of time, but the main focus will be on own experimental research. The main emphasis is devoted to the possibility of preparing full tolerance in the donor's body and its transfer to the patient in the form of activated blood plasma. Such plasma could be administered as soon as the patient is transported to the hospital and would take effect immediately after administration to the patient's bloodstream. One chapter is also devoted to anticonditioning, i.e. the possibility of preventing the activation of tolerance. Anticonditioning could be used to treat oncologic patients. We expect that this method could increase effectiveness of cancer treatment. Cross-tolerance with a wide range of diverse stressors gives us the courage to assume that activated plasma can significantly help with a wide range of pathological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Burda
- Institute of Neurobiology of Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic. Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Trauma Surgery, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic.
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Modifications of gene expression detected in peripheral blood after brain ischemia treated with remote postconditioning. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:477-485. [PMID: 34766231 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06899-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A stroke is an acute damage to a certain area of a nerve tissue of the brain. In developed countries, it ranks second among the most often causes of death and is also the leading cause of disability. Recent findings emphasize the significant neuroprotective effect of conditioning on the course and rate of recovery after ischemic attack; however the molecular mechanism of ischemic tolerance induced by conditioning is still not completely explored. METHODS AND RESULTS The purpose of this study is an identification of changes in gene expression induced by stimulation of reaction cascades after activation of the neuroprotective mechanism using an experimental rat model of global ischemia. The induction of neuroprotective cascades was stimulated by the application of early and delayed form of remote ischemic postconditioning. The quantitative qRT-PCR method was used to assess the rate of change in ADM, BDNF, CDKN1A, CREB, GADD45G, IL6, nNOS, and TM4SF1 gene expression levels 72 h after ischemic attack. The detected results confirm the neuroprotective effect of both forms of postconditioning. Participation of neuroprotection-related gene expression changes was observed once as an early one (CREB, GADD45G), once as a delayed one (ADM, IL6), or both (BDNF, CDKN1A, nNOS, TM4SF1) postconditioning forms, depending on the particular gene. CONCLUSIONS Our results characterize impact of ischemic tolerance on the molecular level. We predict ischemic tolerance to be consisted of complex combination of early and delayed remote postconditioning.
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Cui C, Shen D, Zuo D, Ye X. Neuroprotective effects of sonochemical- synthesized SiO2 nanoparticles in vivo models of ischemic/reperfusion injury in stroke. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Yamasaki T, Hatori A, Zhang Y, Mori W, Kurihara Y, Ogawa M, Wakizaka H, Rong J, Wang L, Liang S, Zhang MR. Neuroprotective effects of minocycline and KML29, a potent inhibitor of monoacylglycerol lipase, in an experimental stroke model: a small-animal positron emission tomography study. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:9492-9502. [PMID: 34646382 PMCID: PMC8490517 DOI: 10.7150/thno.64320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia caused by ischemia induces acidosis and neuroexcitotoxicity, resulting in neuronal death in the central nervous system (CNS). Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a modulator of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), which is involved in retrograde inhibition of glutamate release in the endocannabinoid system. In the present study, we used positron emission tomography (PET) to monitor MAGL-positive neurons and neuroinflammation in the brains of ischemic rats. Additionally, we performed PET imaging to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of an MAGL inhibitor in an ischemic injury model. Methods: Ischemic-injury rat models were induced by intraluminal right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). PET studies of the brains of the ischemic rats were performed at several experimental time points (pre-occlusion, days 2, 4, and 7 after the MCAO surgery) using [11C]SAR127303 for MAGL and [18F]FEBMP for 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO, a hall-mark of neuroinflammation). Medication using minocycline (a well-known neuroprotective agent) or KML29 (a potent MAGL inhibitor) was given immediately after the MCAO surgery and then daily over the subsequent three days. Results: PET imaging of the ischemic rats using [11C]SAR127303 showed an acute decline of radioactive accumulation in the ipsilateral side at two days after MCAO surgery (ratio of the area under the curve between the ipsilateral and contralateral sides: 0.49 ± 0.04 in the cortex and 0.73 ± 0.02 in the striatum). PET imaging with [18F]FEBMP, however, showed a moderate increase in accumulation of radioactivity in the ipsilateral hemisphere on day 2 (1.36 ± 0.11), and further increases on day 4 (1.72 ± 0.15) and day 7 (1.99 ± 0.06). Treatment with minocycline or KML29 eased the decline in radioactive accumulation of [11C]SAR127303 for MAGL (minocycline-treated group: 0.82 ± 0.06 in the cortex and 0.81 ± 0.05 in the striatum; KML29-treated group: 0.72 ± 0.07 in the cortex and 0.88 ± 0.04 in the striatum) and increased uptake of [18F]FEBMP for TSPO (minocycline-treated group: 1.52 ± 0.21 in the cortex and 1.56 ± 0.11 in the striatum; KML29-treated group: 1.63 ± 0.09 in the cortex and 1.50 ± 0.17 in the striatum). In MCAO rats, minocycline treatment showed a neuroprotective effect in the sensorimotor cortex suffering from severe hypoxic injury, whereas KML29 treatment saved neurons in the striatum, including bundles of myelinated axons. Conclusions: PET imaging allowed visualization of the different neuroprotective effects of minocycline and KML29, and indicated that combination pharmacotherapy using these drugs may be an effective therapy in acute ischemia.
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Grotta JC. Fifty Years of Acute Ischemic Stroke Treatment: A Personal History. Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 50:666-680. [PMID: 34649237 PMCID: PMC8639727 DOI: 10.1159/000519843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been 50 years since the first explorations of the physiology of cerebral ischemia by measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF), and 25 years since the approval of tissue plasminogen activator for treating acute ischemic stroke. My personal career began and matured during those eras. Here, I provide my perspective on the evolution of acute stroke research and treatment from 1971 to the present, with some in-depth discussion of the National Institutes of Neurologic Disease and Stroke (NINDS) tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) stroke trial and development of mobile stroke units. SUMMARY Studies of CBF and metabolism in acute stroke patients revealed graded tissue injury that was dependent on the duration of ischemia. Subsequent animal research unraveled the biochemical cascade of events occurring at the cellular level after cerebral ischemia. After a decade of failed translation, the development of a relatively safe thrombolytic allowed us to achieve reperfusion and apply the lessons from earlier research to achieve positive clinical results. The successful conduct of the NINDS tPA stroke study coupled with positive outcomes from companion tPA studies around the world created the specialty of vascular neurology. This was followed by an avalanche of research in imaging, a focus on enhancing reperfusion through thrombectomy, and improving delivery of faster treatment culminating in mobile stroke units. Key Messages: The last half century has seen the birth and evolution of successful acute stroke treatment. More research is needed in developing new drugs and catheters to build on the advances we have already made with reperfusion and also in evolving our systems of care to get more patients treated more quickly in the prehospital setting. The history of stroke treatment over the last 50 years exemplifies that medical "science" is an evolving discipline worth an entire career's dedication. What was impossible 50 years ago is today's standard of care, what we claim as dogma today will be laughed at a decade from now, and what appears currently impossible will be tomorrow's realities.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Grotta
- Stroke Research and Mobile Stroke Unit, Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Different changes in pre- and postsynaptic components in the hippocampal CA1 subfield after transient global cerebral ischemia. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 227:345-360. [PMID: 34626230 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02404-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To date, ischemia-induced damage to dendritic spines has attracted considerable attention, while the possible effects of ischemia on presynaptic components has received relatively less attention. To further examine ischemia-induced changes in pre- and postsynaptic specializations in the hippocampal CA1 subfield, we modeled global cerebral ischemia with two-stage 4-vessel-occlusion in rats, and found that three postsynaptic markers, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), and filamentous F-actin (F-actin), were all substantially decreased in the CA1 subfield after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Although no significant change was detected in synapsin I, a presynaptic marker, in the CA1 subfield at the protein level, confocal microscopy revealed that the number and size of synapsin I puncta were significantly changed in the CA1 stratum radiatum after I/R. The size of synapsin I puncta became slightly, but significantly reduced on Day 1.5 after I/R. From Days 2 to 7 after I/R, the number of synapsin I puncta became moderately decreased, while the size of synapsin I puncta was significantly increased. Interestingly, some enlarged puncta of synapsin I were observed in close proximity to the dendritic shafts of CA1 pyramidal cells. Due to the more substantial decrease in the number of F-actin puncta, the ratio of synapsin I/F-actin puncta was significantly increased after I/R. The decrease in synapsin I puncta size in the early stage of I/R may be the result of excessive neurotransmitter release due to I/R-induced hyperexcitability in CA3 pyramidal cells, while the increase in synapsin I puncta in the later stage of I/R may reflect a disability of synaptic vesicle release due to the loss of postsynaptic contacts.
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Cheng CY, Huang HC, Kao ST, Lee YC. Angelica sinensis extract promotes neuronal survival by enhancing p38 MAPK-mediated hippocampal neurogenesis and dendritic growth in the chronic phase of transient global cerebral ischemia in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114301. [PMID: 34090910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (ASD), commonly known as Dang Gui, is a popular Chinese herb that has long been used to treat ischemic stroke. However, the effects of ASD in chronic cerebral ischemia and its underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to determine the effects of the ASD extract on hippocampal neuronal survival at 28 d after transient global cerebral ischemia (GCI) and to investigate the precise mechanisms underlying the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-related signaling pathway's involvement in hippocampal neurogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats underwent 25 min of four-vessel occlusion. The ASD extract was intragastrically administered at doses of 0.25 g/kg (ASD-0.25 g), 0.5 g/kg (ASD-0.5 g), 1 g/kg (ASD-1 g), 1 g/kg after dimethyl sulfoxide administration (D + ASD-1 g), or 1 g/kg after SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) administration (SB + ASD-1 g) at 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, and 24 d after transient GCI. RESULTS ASD-0.5 g, ASD-1 g, and D + ASD-1 g treatments had the following effects: upregulation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and Ki67 expression, and BrdU/neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and Ki67/nestin co-expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG); upregulation of microtubule-associated protein 2/NeuN co-expression, and NeuN and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, and downregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α/GFAP co-expression in the hippocampal CA1 region; upregulation of phospho-p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK), phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expression in the hippocampus. SB + ASD-1 g treatment abrogated the effects of ASD-1 g on the expression of these proteins. CONCLUSIONS ASD-0.5 g and ASD-1 g treatments promotes neuronal survival by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis. The effects of the ASD extract on astrocyte-associated hippocampal neurogenesis and dendritic growth are caused by the activation of p38 MAPK-mediated CREB/BDNF, GDNF, and VEGF-A signaling pathways in the hippocampus at 28 d after transient GCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yi Cheng
- School of Post-baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Hui-Sheng Hospital, Taichung, 42056, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Shung-Te Kao
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 42056, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Abstract
The susceptibility of the brain to ischaemic injury dramatically limits its viability following interruptions in blood flow. However, data from studies of dissociated cells, tissue specimens, isolated organs and whole bodies have brought into question the temporal limits within which the brain is capable of tolerating prolonged circulatory arrest. This Review assesses cell type-specific mechanisms of global cerebral ischaemia, and examines the circumstances in which the brain exhibits heightened resilience to injury. We suggest strategies for expanding such discoveries to fuel translational research into novel cytoprotective therapies, and describe emerging technologies and experimental concepts. By doing so, we propose a new multimodal framework to investigate brain resuscitation following extended periods of circulatory arrest.
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Abstract
Stroke is a devastating disease with high morbidity and mortality. Animal models are indispensable tools that can mimic stroke processes and can be used for investigating mechanisms and developing novel therapeutic regimens. As a heterogeneous disease with complex pathophysiology, mimicking all aspects of human stroke in one animal model is impossible. Each model has unique strengths and weaknesses. Models such as transient or permanent intraluminal thread occlusion middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) models and thromboembolic models are the most commonly used in simulating human ischemic stroke. The endovascular filament occlusion model is characterized by easy manipulation and accurately controllable reperfusion and is suitable for studying the pathogenesis of focal ischemic stroke and reperfusion injury. Although the reproducibility of the embolic model is poor, it is more convenient for investigating thrombolysis. Rats are the most frequently used animal model for stroke. This review mainly outlines the stroke models of rats and discusses their strengths and shortcomings in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University & Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Diseases of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University & Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Diseases of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
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Sun YW, Zhang LY, Gong SJ, Hu YY, Zhang JG, Xian XH, Li WB, Zhang M. The p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway mediates GLT-1 up-regulation during cerebral ischemic preconditioning-induced brain ischemic tolerance in rats. Brain Res Bull 2021; 175:224-233. [PMID: 34343641 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Our previous finding suggests that p38 MAPK contributes to the GLT-1 upregulation during induction of brain ischemic tolerance by cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIP), however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the CIP-induced GLT-1 upregulation by using Western blotting, Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and thionin staining in rat hippocampus CA1 subset. We found that application of BAY11-7082 (an inhibitor of NF-κB), or dihydrokainate (an inhibitor of GLT-1), or SB203580 (an inhibitor of p38 MAPK) could attenuate the CIP-induced neuronal protection in hippocampus CA1 region of rats. Moreover, CIP caused rapid activation of NF-κB, as evidenced by nuclear translocation of NF-κB p50 protein, which led to active p50/p65 dimer formation and increased DNA binding activity. GLT-1 was also increased after CIP. Pretreatment with BAY11-7082 blocked the CIP-induced GLT-1 upregulation. The above results suggest that NF-κB participates in GLT-1 up-regulation during the induction of brain ischemic tolerance by CIP. We also found that pretreatment with SB203580 caused significant reduction of NF-κB p50 protein in nucleus, NF-κB p50/p65 dimer nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of NF-κB. Together, we conclude that p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway participates in the mediation of GLT-1 up-regulation during the induction of brain ischemic tolerance induced by CIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wei Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China; Xing Tai People's Hospital, 16 Hong Xing Road, Xing Tai, 054001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Juan Gong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yan Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ge Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Xian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, People's Republic of China.
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