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Sidat SM, Giannakopoulou A, Hand CJ, Ingram J. Dual-task decrements in mono-, bi- and multilingual participants: Evidence for multilingual advantage. Laterality 2023:1-23. [PMID: 36803667 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2023.2178061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that language processing in bilinguals is less left-lateralized than in monolinguals. We explored dual-task decrement (DTD) for mono-, bi- and multilinguals in a verbal-motor dual-task paradigm. We expected monolinguals to show greater DTD than bilingual participants, who would show greater DTD than multilingual participants. Fifty right-handed participants (18 monolingual, 16 bilingual, 16 multilingual) completed verbal fluency and manual motor tasks in isolation and concurrently. Tasks were completed twice in isolation (left-handed, right-handed) and twice as dual-tasks (left-handed, right-handed); participants' motor-executing hands served proxy for hemispheric activation. Results supported the hypotheses. Completing dual-tasks incurred greater cost for manual motor tasks than for verbal fluency tasks. Negative cost of performing dual-tasks diminished as number of languages spoken increased; in fact, multilingual individuals demonstrated a dual-task advantage in both tasks when using the right hand, strongest in the verbal task. Dual-tasking had the greatest negative impact on verbal fluency of monolingual participants when the motor task was completed with the right hand; for bi- and multi-lingual participants, the greatest negative impact on verbal fluency was seen when the motor task was completed with the left hand. Results provide support for the bi-lateralization of language function in bi- and multilingual individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joanne Ingram
- Division of Psychology, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
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2
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Thompson PA, Watkins KE, Woodhead ZVJ, Bishop DVM. Generalized models for quantifying laterality using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 44:35-48. [PMID: 36377321 PMCID: PMC9783456 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We consider how analysis of brain lateralization using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound (fTCD) data can be brought in line with modern statistical methods typically used in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Conventionally, a laterality index is computed in fTCD from the difference between the averages of each hemisphere's signal within a period of interest (POI) over a series of trials. We demonstrate use of generalized linear models (GLMs) and generalized additive models (GAM) to analyze data from individual participants in three published studies (N = 154, 73 and 31), and compare this with results from the conventional POI averaging approach, and with laterality assessed using fMRI (N = 31). The GLM approach was based on classic fMRI analysis that includes a hemodynamic response function as a predictor; the GAM approach estimated the response function from the data, including a term for time relative to epoch start (simple GAM), plus a categorical index corresponding to individual epochs (complex GAM). Individual estimates of the fTCD laterality index are similar across all methods, but error of measurement is lowest using complex GAM. Reliable identification of cases of bilateral language appears to be more accurate with complex GAM. We also show that the GAM-based approach can be used to efficiently analyze more complex designs that incorporate interactions between tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Thompson
- Department of Experimental PsychologyAnna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory QuarterOxfordUK,Present address:
Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR)University of WarwickCoventryUK
| | - Kate E. Watkins
- Department of Experimental PsychologyAnna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory QuarterOxfordUK
| | - Zoe V. J. Woodhead
- Department of Experimental PsychologyAnna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory QuarterOxfordUK
| | - Dorothy V. M. Bishop
- Department of Experimental PsychologyAnna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory QuarterOxfordUK
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3
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Papadatou-Pastou M, Sampanis P, Koumzis I, Stefanopoulou S, Sousani D, Tsigkou A, Badcock NA. Cerebral laterality of writing in right- and left- handers: A functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound study. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:3921-3937. [PMID: 35636946 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral lateralization of written language has received very limited research attention in comparison to the wealth of studies on the cerebral lateralization of oral language. The purpose of the present study was to further our understanding of written language lateralization, by elucidating the relative contribution of language and motor functions. We compared written word generation with a task that has equivalent visuomotor demands but does not include language: the repeated drawing of symbols. We assessed cerebral laterality using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound (fTCD), a non-invasive, perfusion-sensitive neuroimaging technique in 23 left- and 31 right-handed participants. Findings suggest that the linguistic aspect of written word generation recruited more left-hemispheric areas during writing, in right-handers compared to left-handers. This difference could be explained by greater variability in cerebral laterality patterns within left-handers or the possibility that the areas subserving language in left-handers are broader than in right-handers. Another explanation is that the attentional demands of the more novel symbol copying task (compared to writing) contributed more right-hemispheric activation in right-handers, but this could not be captured in left-handers due to ceiling effects. Future work could investigate such attentional demands using both simple and complex stimuli in the copying condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Papadatou-Pastou
- School of Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Sampanis
- Psychology Department, School of Social Sciences, Birmingham City University, The Curzon Building, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Koumzis
- School of Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Stefanopoulou
- School of Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysia Sousani
- School of Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Tsigkou
- School of Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicholas A Badcock
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia,, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Cognitive Science, ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, 16 University Avenue, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
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Intharakham K, Panerai RB, Robinson TG. The scalability of common paradigms for assessment of cognitive function: A functional transcranial Doppler study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266048. [PMID: 35344567 PMCID: PMC8959162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive paradigms induce changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) associated with increased metabolic demand, namely neurovascular coupling (NVC). We tested the hypothesis that the effect of complexity and duration of cognitive paradigms will either enhance or inhibit the NVC response. Bilateral CBF velocity (CBFV) in the middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) via transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD), blood pressure (BP), electrocardiogram (ECG) and end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) of 16 healthy participants (aged 21–71 years) were simultaneously recorded at rest and during randomized paradigms of different complexities (naming words beginning with P-,R-,V- words and serial subtractions of 100–2,100–7,1000–17), and durations (5s, 30s and 60s). CBFV responses were population mean normalized from a 30-s baseline period prior to task initiation. A significant increase in bilateral CBFV response was observed at the start of all paradigms and provided a similar pattern in most responses, irrespective of complexity or duration. Although significant inter-hemispherical differences were found during performance of R-word and all serial subtraction paradigms, no lateralisation was observed in more complex naming word tasks. Also, the effect of duration was manifested at late stages of 100–7, but not for other paradigms. CBFV responses could not distinguish different levels of complexity or duration with a single presentation of the cognitive paradigm. Further studies of the ordinal scalability of the NVC response are needed with more advanced modelling techniques, or different types of neural stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannakorn Intharakham
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Ronney B. Panerai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Thompson G. Robinson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Quin-Conroy JE, Chen Y, Bayliss DM, Badcock NA. Magic Hats and Teddy Bear picnics: Language and visuospatial lateralisation tasks for children. Laterality 2022; 27:232-256. [DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2021.2020808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine E. Quin-Conroy
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yanyu Chen
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Donna M. Bayliss
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicholas A. Badcock
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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6
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Bishop DVM, Grabitz CR, Harte SC, Watkins KE, Sasaki M, Gutierrez-Sigut E, MacSweeney M, Woodhead ZVJ, Payne H. Cerebral lateralisation of first and second languages in bilinguals assessed using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 1:15. [PMID: 34405116 PMCID: PMC8361806 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.9869.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lateralised language processing is a well-established finding in monolinguals. In bilinguals, studies using fMRI have typically found substantial regional overlap between the two languages, though results may be influenced by factors such as proficiency, age of acquisition and exposure to the second language. Few studies have focused specifically on individual differences in brain lateralisation, and those that have suggested reduced lateralisation may characterise representation of the second language (L2) in some bilingual individuals. Methods: In Study 1, we used functional transcranial Doppler sonography (FTCD) to measure cerebral lateralisation in both languages in high proficiency bilinguals who varied in age of acquisition (AoA) of L2. They had German (N = 14) or French (N = 10) as their first language (L1) and English as their second language. FTCD was used to measure task-dependent blood flow velocity changes in the left and right middle cerebral arteries during phonological word generation cued by single letters. Language history measures and handedness were assessed through self-report. Study 2 followed a similar format with 25 Japanese (L1) /English (L2) bilinguals, with proficiency in their second language ranging from basic to advanced, using phonological and semantic word generation tasks with overt speech production. Results: In Study 1, participants were significantly left lateralised for both L1 and L2, with a high correlation (r = .70) in the size of laterality indices for L1 and L2. In Study 2, again there was good agreement between LIs for the two languages (r = .77 for both word generation tasks). There was no evidence in either study of an effect of age of acquisition, though the sample sizes were too small to detect any but large effects. Conclusion: In proficient bilinguals, there is strong concordance for cerebral lateralisation of first and second language as assessed by a verbal fluency task.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara R Grabitz
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sophie C Harte
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Deafness, Cognition, Language Research Centre, UCL, London, UK
| | - Kate E Watkins
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Miho Sasaki
- Deafness, Cognition, Language Research Centre, UCL, London, UK.,Faculty of Business and Commerce, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eva Gutierrez-Sigut
- Deafness, Cognition, Language Research Centre, UCL, London, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Mairéad MacSweeney
- Deafness, Cognition, Language Research Centre, UCL, London, UK.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL, London, UK
| | - Zoe V J Woodhead
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Heather Payne
- Deafness, Cognition, Language Research Centre, UCL, London, UK.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL, London, UK
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7
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Bishop DVM, Grabitz CR, Harte SC, Watkins KE, Sasaki M, Gutierrez-Sigut E, MacSweeney M, Woodhead ZVJ, Payne H. Cerebral lateralisation of first and second languages in bilinguals assessed using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 1:15. [PMID: 34405116 PMCID: PMC8361806 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.9869.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lateralised language processing is a well-established finding in monolinguals. In bilinguals, studies using fMRI have typically found substantial regional overlap between the two languages, though results may be influenced by factors such as proficiency, age of acquisition and exposure to the second language. Few studies have focused specifically on individual differences in brain lateralisation, and those that have suggested reduced lateralisation may characterise representation of the second language (L2) in some bilingual individuals. Methods: In Study 1, we used functional transcranial Doppler sonography (FTCD) to measure cerebral lateralisation in both languages in high proficiency bilinguals who varied in age of acquisition (AoA) of L2. They had German (N = 14) or French (N = 10) as their first language (L1) and English as their second language. FTCD was used to measure task-dependent blood flow velocity changes in the left and right middle cerebral arteries during phonological word generation cued by single letters. Language history measures and handedness were assessed through self-report. Study 2 followed a similar format with 25 Japanese (L1) /English (L2) bilinguals, with proficiency in their second language ranging from basic to advanced, using phonological and semantic word generation tasks with overt speech production. Results: In Study 1, participants were significantly left lateralised for both L1 and L2, with a high correlation (r = .70) in the size of laterality indices for L1 and L2. In Study 2, again there was good agreement between LIs for the two languages (r = .77 for both word generation tasks). There was no evidence in either study of an effect of age of acquisition, though the sample sizes were too small to detect any but large effects. Conclusion: In proficient bilinguals, there is strong concordance for cerebral lateralisation of first and second language as assessed by a verbal fluency task.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara R. Grabitz
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sophie C. Harte
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Deafness, Cognition, Language Research Centre, UCL, London, UK
| | - Kate E. Watkins
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Miho Sasaki
- Deafness, Cognition, Language Research Centre, UCL, London, UK
- Faculty of Business and Commerce, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eva Gutierrez-Sigut
- Deafness, Cognition, Language Research Centre, UCL, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Mairéad MacSweeney
- Deafness, Cognition, Language Research Centre, UCL, London, UK
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Heather Payne
- Deafness, Cognition, Language Research Centre, UCL, London, UK
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL, London, UK
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8
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Woodhead ZV, Rutherford HA, Bishop DV. Measurement of language laterality using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound: a comparison of different tasks. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 3:104. [PMID: 30345386 PMCID: PMC6171558 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14720.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Relative blood flow in the two middle cerebral arteries can be measured using functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) to give an index of lateralisation as participants perform a specific task. Language laterality has mostly been studied with fTCD using a word generation task, but it is not clear whether this is optimal. Methods: Using fTCD, we evaluated a sentence generation task that has shown good reliability and strong left lateralisation in fMRI. We interleaved trials of word generation, sentence generation and list generation and assessed agreement of these tasks in 31 participants (29 right-handers). Results: Although word generation and sentence generation both gave robust left-lateralisation, lateralisation was significantly stronger for sentence generation. Bland-Altman analysis showed that these two methods were not equivalent. The comparison list generation task was not systematically lateralised, but nevertheless laterality indices (LIs) from this task were significantly correlated with the other two tasks. Subtracting list generation LI from sentence generation LI did not affect the strength of the laterality index. Conclusions: This was a pre-registered methodological study designed to explore novel approaches to optimising measurement of language lateralisation using fTCD. It confirmed that sentence generation gives robust left lateralisation in most people, but is not equivalent to the classic word generation task. Although list generation does not show left-lateralisation at the group level, the LI on this task was correlated with left-lateralised tasks. This suggests that word and sentence generation involve adding a constant directional bias to an underlying continuum of laterality that is reliable in individuals but not biased in either direction. In future research we suggest that consistency of laterality across tasks might have more functional significance than strength or direction of laterality on any one task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe V.J. Woodhead
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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9
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Woodhead ZVJ, Rutherford HA, Bishop DVM. Measurement of language laterality using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound: a comparison of different tasks. Wellcome Open Res 2020. [PMID: 30345386 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14720.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Relative blood flow in the two middle cerebral arteries can be measured using functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) to give an index of lateralisation as participants perform a specific task. Language laterality has mostly been studied with fTCD using a word generation task, but it is not clear whether this is optimal. Methods: Using fTCD, we evaluated a sentence generation task that has shown good reliability and strong left lateralisation in fMRI. We interleaved trials of word generation, sentence generation and list generation and assessed agreement of these tasks in 31 participants (29 right-handers). Results: Although word generation and sentence generation both gave robust left-lateralisation, lateralisation was significantly stronger for sentence generation. Bland-Altman analysis showed that these two methods were not equivalent. The comparison list generation task was not systematically lateralised, but nevertheless laterality indices (LIs) from this task were significantly correlated with the other two tasks. Subtracting list generation LI from sentence generation LI did not affect the strength of the laterality index. Conclusions: This was a pre-registered methodological study designed to explore novel approaches to optimising measurement of language lateralisation using fTCD. It confirmed that sentence generation gives robust left lateralisation in most people, but is not equivalent to the classic word generation task. Although list generation does not show left-lateralisation at the group level, the LI on this task was correlated with left-lateralised tasks. This suggests that word and sentence generation involve adding a constant directional bias to an underlying continuum of laterality that is reliable in individuals but not biased in either direction. In future research we suggest that consistency of laterality across tasks might have more functional significance than strength or direction of laterality on any one task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe V J Woodhead
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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10
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Gutteridge DS, Saredakis D, Badcock NA, Collins-Praino LE, Keage HAD. Cerebrovascular function during cognition in Parkinson's disease: A functional transcranial Doppler sonography study. J Neurol Sci 2019; 408:116578. [PMID: 31751909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.116578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent evidence has linked cerebrovascular abnormalities with Parkinson's Disease (PD), which may provide a new neurophysiological understanding of cognitive impairment in PD. The current study aimed to compare cerebrovascular functioning, during a cognitive task and at rest, in those with and without PD. METHODS Idiopathic PD patients (n = 30) and age- and gender-matched healthy controls (n = 30) undertook cognitive testing and completed a word generation task while blood flow velocity was monitored bilaterally with functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) of the middle cerebral arteries. The lateralisation index and its standard deviation and timing, along with the maximum peak velocity for the left and right hemispheres and their latencies and standard deviations, were calculated for each participant. RESULTS The PD patients showed significantly more variability of the lateralisation index compared to the control group; but there were no differences in the lateralisation index itself nor in the peak velocities. In the PD group, the variability in the peak velocities showed significant positive correlations with performance on executive function tests. CONCLUSION Normal ageing has been associated with a reduction in the lateralisation index, but no alterations in the standard deviation, suggesting that cerebrovascular functional changes associated with PD differ from those of typical ageing. The within-subject variability observed in the PD group indicate abnormalities within the neurovascular coupling response. Further, the association between the within-subject variability and executive functioning in the PD group, suggests that cerebrovascular dysfunction plays an important role in cognitive impairment in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria S Gutteridge
- Cognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences Laboratory, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Australia.
| | - Dimitrios Saredakis
- Cognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences Laboratory, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Badcock
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Australia
| | - Lyndsey E Collins-Praino
- Cognition, Ageing and Neurodegenerative Disease Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hannah A D Keage
- Cognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences Laboratory, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Australia
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Conradi N, Hermsen A, Krause K, Gorny I, Strzelczyk A, Knake S, Rosenow F. Hemispheric language lateralization in presurgical patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: Improving the retest reliability of functional transcranial Doppler sonography. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 91:48-52. [PMID: 30217756 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Since its introduction, functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) has been extensively applied in research and clinical settings and has now become part of the routine presurgical work-up of patients with epilepsy. Because of its importance in planning neurosurgical interventions and predicting possible cognitive risks, the reproducibility of fTCD in determining hemispheric language lateralization (HLL) has to be ensured. In the present study, fTCD was performed twice in 33 initially lateralized patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) as part of their presurgical work-up, using a standard word generation paradigm. Initially, the standard analysis, including only the statistical examination of fTCD data, was applied, and a rather poor retest reliability of r = 0.41 was obtained (p = 0.017). Because of doubts concerning appropriate task performance in some patients, subsequently, a two-step data analysis was introduced, including an additional qualitative evaluation of fTCD data regarding (1) instruction-compliant task performance, (2) sufficient quality of the baseline phase, and (3) adequate increase in cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) during the activation phase. Attributable to a more valid interpretation of fTCD data after the application of the qualitative step, the reproducibility of HLL significantly improved (p = 0.007) to a high retest reliability of r = 0.84 (p < 0.000). In clinical settings, psychological and situational factors seem to strongly influence the reproducibility of fTCD determining HLL. Accordingly, we highly recommend the complementation of the standard statistical examination of fTCD data by an additional qualitative evaluation (two-step data analysis), as this extra security is particularly desirable because of its direct implications for the further evaluation of neurosurgical interventions. This article is part of the Special Issue "Individualized Epilepsy Management: Medicines, Surgery and Beyond".
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Conradi
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Anke Hermsen
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kristina Krause
- Epilepsy Center Hessen, Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Iris Gorny
- Epilepsy Center Hessen, Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Adam Strzelczyk
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susanne Knake
- Epilepsy Center Hessen, Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Felix Rosenow
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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12
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Hage B, Way E, Barlow SM, Bashford GR. Real-Time Cerebral Hemodynamic Response to Tactile Somatosensory Stimulation. J Neuroimaging 2018; 28:615-620. [PMID: 29992676 PMCID: PMC6212317 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent studies in rodents suggest that somatosensory stimulation could provide neuroprotection during ischemic stroke by inducing plasticity in the cortex-vasculature relationship. While functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has shown that somatosensory stimulation increases cerebral blood flow (CBF) over several seconds, subsecond changes in CBF in the basal cerebral arteries have rarely been studied due to temporal resolution limitations. This study characterized hemodynamic changes in the middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) during somatosensory stimulation with high temporal resolution (100 samples/s) using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound (fTCD). METHODS Pneumotactile somatosensory stimulation, consisting of punctate pressure pulses traversing the glabrous skin of the hand at 25 cm/s, was used to induce CBF velocity (CBFV) response curves. Changes in CBFV were measured in the bilateral MCAs using fTCD. All 12 subjects underwent three consecutive trials consisting of 20 seconds of stimulation followed by 5 minutes of rest. RESULTS Sharp, bilateral increases in CBFV of about 20% (left MCA = 20.5%, right MCA = 18.8%) and sharp decreases in pulsatility index of about 8% were observed during stimulation. Left lateralization of up to 3.9% was also observed. The magnitude of the initial increase in CBFV showed significant adaptation between subsequent trials. CONCLUSIONS Pneumotactile somatosensory stimulation is a potent stimulus that can evoke large, rapid hemodynamic changes, with adaptation between successive stimulus applications. Due to its high temporal resolution, fTCD is useful for identifying quickly evolving hemodynamic responses, and for correlating changes in hemodynamic parameters such as pulsatility index (PI) and CBFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hage
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | - Emily Way
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | - Steven M. Barlow
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | - Gregory R. Bashford
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
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Woodhead ZV, Rutherford HA, Bishop DV. Measurement of language laterality using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound: a comparison of different tasks. Wellcome Open Res 2018; 3:104. [PMID: 30345386 PMCID: PMC6171558 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14720.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Relative blood flow in the two middle cerebral arteries can be measured using functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) to give an index of lateralisation as participants perform a specific task. Language laterality has mostly been studied with fTCD using a word generation task, but it is not clear whether this is optimal. Methods: Using fTCD, we evaluated a sentence generation task that has shown good reliability and strong left lateralisation in fMRI. We interleaved trials of word generation, sentence generation and list generation and assessed agreement of these tasks in 31 participants (29 right-handers). Results: Although word generation and sentence generation both gave robust left-lateralisation, Bland-Altman analysis showed that these two methods were not equivalent. The comparison list generation task was not systematically lateralised, but nevertheless laterality indices (LIs) from this task were significantly correlated with the other two tasks. Subtracting list generation LI from sentence generation LI did not affect the strength of the laterality index. Conclusions: This was a pre-registered methodological study designed to explore novel approaches to optimising measurement of language lateralisation using fTCD. It confirmed that sentence generation gives robust left lateralisation in most people, but is not equivalent to the classic word generation task. Although list generation does not show left-lateralisation at the group level, the LI on this task was correlated with left-lateralised tasks. This suggests that word and sentence generation involve adding a constant directional bias to an underlying continuum of laterality that is reliable in individuals but not biased in either direction. In future research we suggest that consistency of laterality across tasks might have more functional significance than strength or direction of laterality on any one task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe V.J. Woodhead
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Beishon LC, Panerai RB, Robinson TG, Subramaniam H, Haunton VJ. The Assessment of Cerebrovascular Response to a Language Task from the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination in Cognitive Impairment: A Feasibility Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography Study. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2018; 2:153-164. [PMID: 30480258 PMCID: PMC6218154 DOI: 10.3233/adr-180068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of dementia is predicted to rise rapidly, but sensitive diagnostic tests remain elusive. Changes in cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) can occur at an early stage of cognitive decline, and can be measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD). Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the CBFv changes that occur in healthy older adults (HC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), in response to a language task from the Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination (ACE-III). Methods: Participants underwent bilateral TCD, continuous heart rate (ECG), end-tidal CO2 (capnography, ETCO2), and beat-to-beat blood pressure (Finometer, MAP), monitoring, during a 5-minute baseline, followed by cognitive tasks from the ACE-III. Data are presented for a language task (repeating words and phrases aloud), as peak percentage change in CBFv, HR, MAP, and ETCO2 from a normalized baseline. Results: 30 participants (mean age 73.2 years, 20% female) were recruited; HC (n = 10), MCI (n = 10), AD (n = 10). Language scores did not differ between groups (p = 0.16). Peak percentage change in CBFv differed between groups with the language task (HC: 15.9 (7.5)%, MCI: 6.7 (4.5)%, AD: 0.1 (7.1)%; p < 0.005). However, changes in MAP (HC: 7.9 (4.6)%, MCI: –0.1 (0.9)%, AD: 0.9 (4.4)%; p < 0.005), HR (HC: 8.8 (8.2)%, MCI: 0.7 (4.3)%, AD: –0.5 (5.6)%; p = 0.005), and ETCO2 (HC: –0.9 (3.2)%, MCI: 0.9 (3.2)%, AD: –5.2 (5.7)%; p = 0.006), also occurred. Conclusions: TCD measured CBFv changes to a language task from the ACE-III was feasible in a cognitively impaired population, further work is required in a larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C Beishon
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ronney B Panerai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Thompson G Robinson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Hari Subramaniam
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Leicestershire Partnership Trust, Evington Centre, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, UK
| | - Victoria J Haunton
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
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15
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Beishon LC, Williams CAL, Panerai RB, Robinson TG, Haunton VJ. The assessment of neurovascular coupling with the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination: a functional transcranial Doppler ultrasonographic study. J Neurophysiol 2018; 119:1084-1094. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00698.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular dysfunction occurs early in dementia and can be identified by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD). Few studies have examined cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) responses to a detailed cognitive battery. This study aimed to characterize all CBFv responses, and the effect of hemispheric dominance, to the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE-III) in healthy volunteers. Forty volunteers underwent continuous bilateral TCD, beat-to-beat blood pressure (MAP; Finapres), heart rate (HR; electrocardiogram), and end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2; capnography) monitoring. After a 5-min baseline period, all tasks from the ACE-III were performed in 3 sections (A: attention, fluency, memory; B: language; C: visuospatial, memory). Data are population mean normalized percentage (PM%) change from a 20-s baseline period before task initiation. Forty bilateral data sets were obtained (27 women, 37 right-hand dominant). All paradigms produced a sharp increase in CBFv in both dominant (PM% range: 3.29 to 9.70%) and nondominant (PM% range: 4.34 to 11.63%) hemispheres at task initiation, with associated increases in MAP (PM% range: 3.06 to 16.04%). ETCO2 did not differ significantly at task initiation (PM% range: −1.1 to 2.4%, P > 0.05). HR differed significantly across A and C tasks at initiation (PM% range: −1.1 to 2.4%, P < 0.05), but not B tasks. In conclusion, all tasks resulted in increases in CBFv, differing significantly between paradigms. These results require further investigation in a cognitively impaired population. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to provide a normative data set of cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) responses to a complete cognitive assessment (Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination, ACE-III) in a large sample ( n = 40) of healthy volunteers. All tasks produced peak and sustained increases in CBFv to different extents. The ACE-III is a feasible tool to assess neurovascular coupling with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. These data can be used to inform the most appropriate cognitive task to elicit CBFv responses for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C. Beishon
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Claire A. L. Williams
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ronney B. Panerai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Thompson G. Robinson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria J. Haunton
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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16
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Reproducibility of task activation using the Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination in healthy controls: A functional Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography study. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 291:131-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Badcock NA, Spooner R, Hofmann J, Flitton A, Elliott S, Kurylowicz L, Lavrencic LM, Payne HM, Holt GK, Holden A, Churches OF, Kohler MJ, Keage HAD. What Box: A task for assessing language lateralization in young children. Laterality 2017; 23:391-408. [PMID: 28803507 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2017.1363773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of active language lateralization in infants and toddlers is challenging. It requires an imaging tool that is unintimidating, quick to setup, and robust to movement, in addition to an engaging and cognitively simple language processing task. Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (fTCD) offers a suitable technique and here we report on a suitable method to elicit active language production in young children. The 34-second "What Box" trial presents an animated face "searching" for an object. The face "finds" a box that opens to reveal a to-be-labelled object. In a sample of 95 children (1 to 5 years of age), 81% completed the task-32% with ≥10 trials. The task was validated (ρ = 0.4) against the gold standard Word Generation task in a group of older adults (n = 65, 60-85 years of age), though was less likely to categorize lateralization as left or right, indicative of greater measurement variability. Existing methods for active language production have been used with 2-year-old children while passive listening has been conducted with sleeping 6-month-olds. This is the first active method to be successfully employed with infants through to pre-schoolers, forming a useful tool for populations in which complex instructions are problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Badcock
- a ARC Centre for Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Department of Cognitive Science , Macquarie University , North Ryde , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Rachael Spooner
- b Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy , University of South Australia , South Australia , Australia
| | - Jessica Hofmann
- c Cognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences Laboratory, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy , University of South Australia , South Australia , Australia
| | - Atlanta Flitton
- c Cognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences Laboratory, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy , University of South Australia , South Australia , Australia
| | - Scott Elliott
- c Cognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences Laboratory, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy , University of South Australia , South Australia , Australia
| | - Lisa Kurylowicz
- c Cognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences Laboratory, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy , University of South Australia , South Australia , Australia.,d Department of General Paediatrics , University Children's Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Louise M Lavrencic
- c Cognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences Laboratory, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy , University of South Australia , South Australia , Australia
| | - Heather M Payne
- e Deafness, Cognition, and Language Research Centre , University College London , London , UK.,f Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience , University College London , London , UK
| | - Georgina K Holt
- g Oxford Study of Children's Communication Impairments, Department of Experimental Psychology , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Anneka Holden
- g Oxford Study of Children's Communication Impairments, Department of Experimental Psychology , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Owen F Churches
- h Brain and Cognition Laboratory , Flinders University , South Australia , Australia
| | - Mark J Kohler
- b Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy , University of South Australia , South Australia , Australia
| | - Hannah A D Keage
- c Cognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences Laboratory, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy , University of South Australia , South Australia , Australia
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18
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Hodgson JC, Hudson JM. Measurement reliability of atypical language lateralisation assessed using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Biol Psychol 2017; 125:173-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Mills M, Alwatban M, Hage B, Barney E, Truemper EJ, Bashford GR, Dodd MD. Cerebral hemodynamics during scene viewing: Hemispheric lateralization predicts temporal gaze behavior associated with distinct modes of visual processing. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 2017; 43:1291-1302. [PMID: 28287758 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Systematic patterns of eye movements during scene perception suggest a functional distinction between 2 viewing modes: an ambient mode (characterized by short fixations and large saccades) thought to reflect dorsal activity involved with spatial analysis, and a focal mode (characterized by long fixations and small saccades) thought to reflect ventral activity involved with object analysis. Little neuroscientific evidence exists supporting this claim. Here, functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound (fTCD) was used to investigate whether these modes show hemispheric specialization. Participants viewed scenes for 20 s under instructions to search or memorize. Overall, early viewing was right lateralized, whereas later viewing was left lateralized. This right-to-left shift interacted with viewing task (more pronounced in the memory task). Importantly, changes in lateralization correlated with changes in eye movements. This is the first demonstration of right hemisphere bias for eye movements servicing spatial analysis and left hemisphere bias for eye movements servicing object analysis. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Alwatban
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | - Benjamin Hage
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | - Erin Barney
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska- Lincoln
| | - Edward J Truemper
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | - Gregory R Bashford
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
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20
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Papadatou-Pastou M, Martin M. Cerebral laterality for language is related to adult salivary testosterone levels but not digit ratio (2D:4D) in men: A functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound study. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2017; 166:52-62. [PMID: 28088127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The adequacy of three competing theories of hormonal effects on cerebral laterality are compared using functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD). Thirty-three adult males participated in the study (21 left-handers). Cerebral lateralization was measured by fTCD using an extensively validated word generation task. Adult salivary testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) concentrations were measured by luminescence immunoassay and prenatal T exposure was indirectly estimated by the somatic marker of 2nd to 4th digit length ratio (2D:4D). A significant quadratic relationship between degree of cerebral laterality for language and adult T concentrations was observed, with enhanced T levels for strong left hemisphere dominance and strong right hemisphere dominance. No systematic effects on laterality were found for cortisol or 2D:4D. Findings suggest that higher levels of T are associated with a relatively attenuated degree of interhemispheric sharing of linguistic information, providing support for the callosal and the sexual differentiation hypotheses rather than the Geschwind, Behan and Galaburda (GBG) hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Papadatou-Pastou
- Cognition and Health Research Group, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, 9 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK.
| | - Maryanne Martin
- Cognition and Health Research Group, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, 9 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK.
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21
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Hage B, Alwatban MR, Barney E, Mills M, Dodd MD, Truemper EJ, Bashford GR. Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound for Measurement of Hemispheric Lateralization During Visual Memory and Visual Search Cognitive Tasks. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2016; 63:2001-2007. [PMID: 27576247 PMCID: PMC6074030 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2016.2603471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound (fTCD) is a noninvasive sensing modality that measures cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) with high temporal resolution. CBFV change is correlated to changes in cerebral oxygen uptake, enabling fTCD to measure brain activity and lateralization with high accuracy. However, few studies have examined the relationship of CBFV change during visual search and visual memory tasks. Here a protocol to compare lateralization between these two similar cognitive tasks using fTCD is demonstrated. Ten healthy volunteers (age 21±2 years) were shown visual scenes on a computer and performed visual search and visual memory tasks while CBFV in the bilateral middle cerebral arteries was monitored with fTCD. Each subject completed 40 trials, consisting of baseline (25 s), calibration (variable), instruction (2.5 s), and task (20 s) epochs. Lateralization was computed for each task by calculating the bilateral CBFV envelope percent change from baseline and subtracting the right side from the left side. The results showed significant lateralization ( ) of the visual memory and visual search tasks, with memory reaching lateralization of 1.6% and search reaching lateralization of 0.5%, suggesting that search is more right lateralized (and therefore may be related to "holistic" or global perception) and memory is more left lateralized (and therefore may be related to local perception). This method could be used to compare cerebral activity for any related cognitive tasks as long as the same stimulus is used in all tasks. The protocol is straightforward and the equipment is inexpensive, introducing a low-cost high temporal resolution technique to further study lateralization of the brain.
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22
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Goyal A, Samadani AA, Guerguerian AM, Chau T. An online three-class Transcranial Doppler ultrasound brain computer interface. Neurosci Res 2016; 107:47-56. [PMID: 26795195 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Brain computer interfaces (BCI) can provide communication opportunities for individuals with severe motor disabilities. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) measures cerebral blood flow velocities and can be used to develop a BCI. A previously implemented TCD BCI system used verbal and spatial tasks as control signals; however, the spatial task involved a visual cue that awkwardly diverted the user's attention away from the communication interface. Therefore, vision-independent right-lateralized tasks were investigated. Using a bilateral TCD BCI, ten participants controlled online, an on-screen keyboard using a left-lateralized task (verbal fluency), a right-lateralized task (fist motor imagery or 3D-shape tracing), and unconstrained rest. 3D-shape tracing was generally more discernible from other tasks than was fist motor imagery. Verbal fluency, 3D-shape tracing and unconstrained rest were distinguished from each other using a linear discriminant classifier, achieving a mean agreement of κ=0.43±0.17. These rates are comparable to the best offline three-class TCD BCI accuracies reported thus far. The online communication system achieved a mean information transfer rate (ITR) of 1.08±0.69bits/min with values reaching up to 2.46bits/min, thereby exceeding the ITR of previous online TCD BCIs. These findings demonstrate the potential of a three-class online TCD BCI that does not require visual task cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Goyal
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, Ontario M4G 1R8, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Ali-Akbar Samadani
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, Ontario M4G 1R8, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Guerguerian
- Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Tom Chau
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, Ontario M4G 1R8, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada.
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Gutierrez-Sigut E, Daws R, Payne H, Blott J, Marshall C, MacSweeney M. Language lateralization of hearing native signers: A functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) study of speech and sign production. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2015; 151:23-34. [PMID: 26605960 PMCID: PMC4918793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies suggest greater involvement of the left parietal lobe in sign language compared to speech production. This stronger activation might be linked to the specific demands of sign encoding and proprioceptive monitoring. In Experiment 1 we investigate hemispheric lateralization during sign and speech generation in hearing native users of English and British Sign Language (BSL). Participants exhibited stronger lateralization during BSL than English production. In Experiment 2 we investigated whether this increased lateralization index could be due exclusively to the higher motoric demands of sign production. Sign naïve participants performed a phonological fluency task in English and a non-sign repetition task. Participants were left lateralized in the phonological fluency task but there was no consistent pattern of lateralization for the non-sign repetition in these hearing non-signers. The current data demonstrate stronger left hemisphere lateralization for producing signs than speech, which was not primarily driven by motoric articulatory demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gutierrez-Sigut
- Deafness, Cognition & Language Research Centre, University College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard Daws
- Deafness, Cognition & Language Research Centre, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Payne
- Deafness, Cognition & Language Research Centre, University College London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Blott
- Deafness, Cognition & Language Research Centre, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Chloë Marshall
- UCL Institute of Education, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Mairéad MacSweeney
- Deafness, Cognition & Language Research Centre, University College London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, United Kingdom
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Linkage analysis in a Dutch population isolate shows no major gene for left-handedness or atypical language lateralization. J Neurosci 2015; 35:8730-6. [PMID: 26063907 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3287-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral dominance of language function and hand preference are suggested to be heritable traits with possible shared genetic background. However, joined genetic studies of these traits have never been conducted. We performed a genetic linkage study in 37 multigenerational human pedigrees of both sexes (consisting of 355 subjects) enriched with left-handedness in which we also measured language lateralization. Hand preference was measured with the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory, and language lateralization was measured with functional transcranial Doppler during language production. The estimated heritability of left-handedness and language lateralization in these pedigrees is 0.24 and 0.31, respectively. A parametric major gene model was tested for left-handedness. Nonparametric analyses were performed for left-handedness, atypical lateralization, and degree of language lateralization. We did not observe genome-wide evidence for linkage in the parametric or nonparametric analyses for any of the phenotypes tested. However, multiple regions showed suggestive evidence of linkage. The parametric model showed suggestive linkage for left-handedness in the 22q13 region [heterogeneity logarithm of odds (HLOD) = 2.18]. Nonparametric multipoint analysis of left-handedness showed suggestive linkage in the same region [logarithm of odds (LOD) = 2.80]. Atypical language lateralization showed suggestive linkage in the 7q34 region (LODMax = 2.35). For strength of language lateralization, we observed suggestive linkage in the 6p22 (LODMax = 2.54), 7q32 (LODMax = 1.93), and 9q33 (LODMax = 2.10) regions. We did not observe any overlap of suggestive genetic signal between handedness and the extent of language lateralization. The absence of significant linkage argues against the presence of a major gene coding for both traits; rather, our results are suggestive of these traits being two independent polygenic complex traits.
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Helmstaedter C, Jockwitz C, Witt JA. Menstrual cycle corrupts reliable and valid assessment of language dominance: Consequences for presurgical evaluation of patients with epilepsy. Seizure 2015; 28:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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26
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An analysis of cerebral blood flow from middle cerebral arteries during cognitive tasks via functional transcranial Doppler recordings. Neurosci Res 2014; 84:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Meyer GF, Spray A, Fairlie JE, Uomini NT. Inferring common cognitive mechanisms from brain blood-flow lateralization data: a new methodology for fTCD analysis. Front Psychol 2014; 5:552. [PMID: 24982641 PMCID: PMC4059176 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current neuroimaging techniques with high spatial resolution constrain participant motion so that many natural tasks cannot be carried out. The aim of this paper is to show how a time-locked correlation-analysis of cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) lateralization data, obtained with functional TransCranial Doppler (fTCD) ultrasound, can be used to infer cerebral activation patterns across tasks. In a first experiment we demonstrate that the proposed analysis method results in data that are comparable with the standard Lateralization Index (LI) for within-task comparisons of CBFV patterns, recorded during cued word generation (CWG) at two difficulty levels. In the main experiment we demonstrate that the proposed analysis method shows correlated blood-flow patterns for two different cognitive tasks that are known to draw on common brain areas, CWG, and Music Synthesis. We show that CBFV patterns for Music and CWG are correlated only for participants with prior musical training. CBFV patterns for tasks that draw on distinct brain areas, the Tower of London and CWG, are not correlated. The proposed methodology extends conventional fTCD analysis by including temporal information in the analysis of cerebral blood-flow patterns to provide a robust, non-invasive method to infer whether common brain areas are used in different cognitive tasks. It complements conventional high resolution imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg F Meyer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool Liverpool, UK
| | - Amy Spray
- School of Psychology, University of Liverpool Liverpool, UK
| | - Jo E Fairlie
- Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool Liverpool, UK
| | - Natalie T Uomini
- Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool Liverpool, UK
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Gutierrez-Sigut E, Payne H, MacSweeney M. Investigating language lateralization during phonological and semantic fluency tasks using functional transcranial Doppler sonography. Laterality 2014; 20:49-68. [PMID: 24875468 PMCID: PMC4226337 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2014.914950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although there is consensus that the left hemisphere plays a critical role in language processing, some questions remain. Here we examine the influence of overt versus covert speech production on lateralization, the relationship between lateralization and behavioural measures of language performance and the strength of lateralization across the subcomponents of language. The present study used functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) to investigate lateralization of phonological and semantic fluency during both overt and covert word generation in right-handed adults. The laterality index (LI) was left lateralized in all conditions, and there was no difference in the strength of LI between overt and covert speech. This supports the validity of using overt speech in fTCD studies, another benefit of which is a reliable measure of speech production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gutierrez-Sigut
- ESRC Deafness, Cognition and Language Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Heather Payne
- ESRC Deafness, Cognition and Language Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mairéad MacSweeney
- ESRC Deafness, Cognition and Language Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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Chilosi AM, Comparini A, Cristofani P, Turi M, Berrettini S, Forli F, Orlandi G, Chiti A, Giannini N, Cipriani P, Cioni G. Cerebral lateralization for language in deaf children with cochlear implantation. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2014; 129:1-6. [PMID: 24463309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Functional Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (fTCD) was used to investigate the effects of early acoustic deprivation and subsequent reafferentation on cerebral dominance for language in deaf children provided with Cochlear Implantation (CI). Twenty children with CI (13 in right ear and 7 in left ear) and 20 controls matched for age, sex and handedness were administered a fTCD animation description task. Left hemisphere dominance for language with comparable mean Laterality Indexes (LIs) was found in children with CI and controls; right-ear implanted subjects showed cerebral activation controlateral to implanted ear more frequently than left-ear implanted ones. Linguistic proficiency of CI recipients was below age expectation in comparison to controls; language scores did not significantly differ between children with left and right LI, whereas both age and side of implantation were significantly related to language outcome. Theoretical implication and potential clinical application of fTCD in CI management are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Chilosi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze dell'Età Evolutiva, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Comparini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze dell'Età Evolutiva, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Cristofani
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze dell'Età Evolutiva, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Turi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino (NEUROFARBA), Università di Firenze, Piazza San Marco 4, 50100 Firenze, Italy
| | - Stefano Berrettini
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Forli
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Orlandi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Chiti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola Giannini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Cipriani
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze dell'Età Evolutiva, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cioni
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze dell'Età Evolutiva, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56100 Pisa, Italy
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Boban M, Crnac P, Junaković A, Garami Z, Malojčić B. Blood flow velocity changes in anterior cerebral arteries during cognitive tasks performance. Brain Cogn 2013; 84:26-33. [PMID: 24270848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) enables monitoring of blood flow velocities (BFVs) in basal cerebral arteries during different cognitive tasks performance with great temporal resolution. So far, BFVs changes during mental activity were monitored primarily in middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) and little is known about these changes in anterior cerebral arteries (ACAs). AIM To determine the effect of different cognitive tasks performance on BFV changes and hemispheric dominance in ACAs and to assess the most suitable activation test for monitoring of BFV changes in ACAs. METHODS Fourteen right-handed, healthy subjects aged 20-26 were included in the study. BFVs in both ACAs were recorded simultaneously during performance of cognitive tasks designed to activate frontal lobes: phonemic verbal fluency test (pVFT), Stroop tests and Trail Making Tests (TMTs). RESULTS A statistically significant BFV increase was recorded in both ACAs during performance of all cognitive tasks. Statistically significant right ACA dominance was found during performance of pVFT and TMTB. The most significant BFV increase was obtained during performance of TMTB. CONCLUSION Our result addressed cognitive tests with great activation potential for monitoring of ACAs that might be used in distinguishing of healthy individuals and patients with neurovascular or neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Boban
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 2, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Petra Crnac
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 2, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anamari Junaković
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zsolt Garami
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, 5656 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Branko Malojčić
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 2, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, Zagreb, Croatia
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Uomini NT, Meyer GF. Shared brain lateralization patterns in language and Acheulean stone tool production: a functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72693. [PMID: 24023634 PMCID: PMC3758346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The popular theory that complex tool-making and language co-evolved in the human lineage rests on the hypothesis that both skills share underlying brain processes and systems. However, language and stone tool-making have so far only been studied separately using a range of neuroimaging techniques and diverse paradigms. Methodology/Principal Findings We present the first-ever study of brain activation that directly compares active Acheulean tool-making and language. Using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (fTCD), we measured brain blood flow lateralization patterns (hemodynamics) in subjects who performed two tasks designed to isolate the planning component of Acheulean stone tool-making and cued word generation as a language task. We show highly correlated hemodynamics in the initial 10 seconds of task execution. Conclusions/Significance Stone tool-making and cued word generation cause common cerebral blood flow lateralization signatures in our participants. This is consistent with a shared neural substrate for prehistoric stone tool-making and language, and is compatible with language evolution theories that posit a co-evolution of language and manual praxis. In turn, our results support the hypothesis that aspects of language might have emerged as early as 1.75 million years ago, with the start of Acheulean technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Thaïs Uomini
- Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Georg Friedrich Meyer
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
In most people, language is processed predominantly by the left hemisphere of the brain, but we do not know how or why. A popular view is that developmental language disorders result from a poorly lateralized brain, but until recently, evidence has been weak and indirect. Modern neuroimaging methods have made it possible to study normal and abnormal development of lateralized function in the developing brain and have confirmed links with language and literacy impairments. However, there is little evidence that weak cerebral lateralization has common genetic origins with language and literacy impairments. Our understanding of the association between atypical language lateralization and developmental disorders may benefit if we reconceptualize the nature of cerebral asymmetry to recognize its multidimensionality and consider variation in lateralization over developmental time. Contrary to popular belief, cerebral lateralization may not be a highly heritable, stable characteristic of individuals; rather, weak lateralization may be a consequence of impaired language learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy V M Bishop
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, 9 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK.
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Schuepbach D, Skotchko T, Duschek S, Theodoridou A, Grimm S, Boeker H, Seifritz E. Gender and rapid alterations of hemispheric dominance during planning. Neuropsychobiology 2013; 66:149-57. [PMID: 22948314 DOI: 10.1159/000339562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental planning and carrying out a plan provoke specific cerebral hemodynamic responses. Gender aspects of hemispheric laterality using rapid cerebral hemodynamics have not been reported. METHOD Here, we applied functional transcranial Doppler sonography to examine lateralization of cerebral hemodynamics of the middle cerebral arteries of 28 subjects (14 women and 14 men) performing a standard planning task. There were easy and difficult problems, and mental planning without motor activity was separated from movement execution. RESULTS Difficult mental planning elicited lateralization to the right hemisphere after 2 or more seconds, a feature that was not observed during movement execution. In females, there was a dominance to the left hemisphere during movement execution. Optimized problem solving yielded an increased laterality change to the right during mental planning. CONCLUSIONS Gender-related hemispheric dominance appears to be condition-dependent, and change of laterality to the right may play a role in optimized performance. Results are of relevance when considering laterality from a perspective of performance enhancement of higher cognitive functions, and also of psychiatric disorders with cognitive dysfunctions and abnormal lateralization patterns such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schuepbach
- Clinic for Affective Disorders and General Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Powell JL, Kemp GJ, García-Finaña M. Association between language and spatial laterality and cognitive ability: An fMRI study. Neuroimage 2012; 59:1818-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Badcock NA, Nye A, Bishop DVM. Using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasonography to assess language lateralisation: Influence of task and difficulty level. Laterality 2011; 17:694-710. [PMID: 23098198 PMCID: PMC3483861 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2011.615128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Language is lateralised to the left hemisphere in most people, but it is unclear whether the same degree and direction of lateralisation is found for all verbal tasks and whether laterality is affected by task difficulty. We used functional transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (fTCD) to assess the lateralisation of language processing in 27 young adults using three tasks: word generation (WG), auditory naming (AN), and picture story (PS). WG and AN are active tasks requiring behavioural responses whereas PS is a passive task that involves listening to an auditory story accompanied by pictures. We also examined the effect of task difficulty by a post hoc behavioural categorisation of trials in the WG task and a word frequency manipulation in the AN task. fTCD was used to measure task-dependent blood flow velocity changes in the left and right middle cerebral arteries. All of these tasks were significantly left lateralised: WG, 77% of individuals left, 5% right; AN, 72% left: 4% right; PS, 56% left: 0% right. There were significant positive relationships between WG and AN (r=0.56) as well as AN and PS (r=.76) but not WG and PS (r = -0.22). The task difficulty manipulation affected accuracy in both WG and AN tasks, as well as reaction time in the AN task, but did not significantly influence laterality indices in either task. It is concluded that verbal tasks are not interchangeable when assessing cerebral lateralisation, but that differences between tasks are not a consequence of task difficulty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Badcock
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Badcock NA, Holt G, Holden A, Bishop DVM. dopOSCCI: a functional transcranial Doppler ultrasonography summary suite for the assessment of cerebral lateralization of cognitive function. J Neurosci Methods 2011; 204:383-8. [PMID: 22120689 PMCID: PMC3314978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a description of a new software package, 'dopOSCCI', which summarises data from experimental studies where functional transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (fTCD) is used to compare hemispheric rates of blood flow in order to assess lateralization of a cognitive process. The software provides a graphical user interface to summarise analogue and digital data collected using Multi-Dop Doppler Ultrasound devices (DWL Multidop T2: manufacturer, DWL Elektronische Systeme, Singen, Germany). The unique aspects of dopOSCCI allow multi-file processing, multi-event marker processing, behavioural and multi-session summaries, image file data visualization, and tab-delimited output files which includes split-half, single-trial summaries and data quality variables. The Matlab based software is available under the GNU GPL license and can be accessed online at https://databank.ora.ox.ac.uk/general/datasets/dopOSCCI, the Oxford University DataBank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Badcock
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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37
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Driving performance during word generation—Testing the function of human brain lateralization using fTCD in an ecologically relevant context. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:2375-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Somers M, Neggers SF, Diederen KM, Boks MP, Kahn RS, Sommer IE. The Measurement of Language Lateralization with Functional Transcranial Doppler and Functional MRI: A Critical Evaluation. Front Hum Neurosci 2011; 5:31. [PMID: 21483761 PMCID: PMC3069547 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2011.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral language lateralization can be assessed in several ways. In healthy subjects, functional MRI (fMRI) during performance of a language task has evolved to be the most frequently applied method. Functional transcranial Doppler (fTCD) may provide a valid alternative, but has been used rarely. Both techniques have their own strengths and weaknesses and as a result may be applied in different fields of research. Until now, only one relatively small study (n = 13) investigated the correlation between lateralization indices (LIs) measured by fTCD and fMRI and showed a remarkably high correlation. To further evaluate the correlation between LIs measured with fTCD and fMRI, we compared LIs of 22 healthy subjects (12 left- and 10 right-handed) using the same word generation paradigm for the fTCD as for the fMRI experiment. LIs measured with fTCD were highly but imperfectly correlated with LIs measured with fMRI (Spearman's rho = 0.75, p < 0.001). The imperfectness of the correlation can partially be explained by methodological restrictions of fMRI as well as fTCD. Our results suggest that fTCD can be a valid alternative for fMRI to measure lateralization, particularly when costs or mobility are important factors in the study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metten Somers
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
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Lust J, Geuze R, Groothuis A, Bouma A. Functional cerebral lateralization and dual-task efficiency—Testing the function of human brain lateralization using fTCD. Behav Brain Res 2011; 217:293-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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House PM, Brückner KE, Lohmann HH. Presurgical functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) with intravenous echo enhancing agent SonoVue enables determination of language lateralization in epilepsy patients with poor temporal bone windows. Epilepsia 2011; 52:636-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02951.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Willie CK, Colino FL, Bailey DM, Tzeng YC, Binsted G, Jones LW, Haykowsky MJ, Bellapart J, Ogoh S, Smith KJ, Smirl JD, Day TA, Lucas SJ, Eller LK, Ainslie PN. Utility of transcranial Doppler ultrasound for the integrative assessment of cerebrovascular function. J Neurosci Methods 2011; 196:221-37. [PMID: 21276818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable utility in the use of transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) to assess cerebrovascular function. The brain is unique in its high energy and oxygen demand but limited capacity for energy storage that necessitates an effective means of regional blood delivery. The relative low cost, ease-of-use, non-invasiveness, and excellent temporal resolution of TCD make it an ideal tool for the examination of cerebrovascular function in both research and clinical settings. TCD is an efficient tool to access blood velocities within the cerebral vessels, cerebral autoregulation, cerebrovascular reactivity to CO(2), and neurovascular coupling, in both physiological states and in pathological conditions such as stroke and head trauma. In this review, we provide: (1) an overview of TCD methodology with respect to other techniques; (2) a methodological synopsis of the cerebrovascular exam using TCD; (3) an overview of the physiological mechanisms involved in regulation of the cerebral blood flow; (4) the utility of TCD for assessment of cerebrovascular pathology; and (5) recommendations for the assessment of four critical and complimentary aspects of cerebrovascular function: intra-cranial blood flow velocity, cerebral autoregulation, cerebral reactivity, and neurovascular coupling. The integration of these regulatory mechanisms from an integrated systems perspective is discussed, and future research directions are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Willie
- Department of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, Canada V1V 1V7.
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Hattemer K, Plate A, Heverhagen JT, Haag A, Keil B, Klein KM, Hermsen A, Oertel WH, Hamer HM, Rosenow F, Knake S. Determination of Hemispheric Dominance with Mental Rotation Using Functional Transcranial Doppler Sonography and fMRI. J Neuroimaging 2010; 21:16-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2009.00402.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Sevy ABG, Bortfeld H, Huppert TJ, Beauchamp MS, Tonini RE, Oghalai JS. Neuroimaging with near-infrared spectroscopy demonstrates speech-evoked activity in the auditory cortex of deaf children following cochlear implantation. Hear Res 2010; 270:39-47. [PMID: 20888894 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cochlear implants (CI) are commonly used to treat deafness in young children. While many factors influence the ability of a deaf child who is hearing through a CI to develop speech and language skills, an important factor is that the CI has to stimulate the auditory cortex. Obtaining behavioral measurements from young children with CIs can often be unreliable. While a variety of noninvasive techniques can be used for detecting cortical activity in response to auditory stimuli, many have critical limitations when applied to the pediatric CI population. We tested the ability of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to detect cortical responses to speech stimuli in pediatric CI users. Neuronal activity leads to changes in blood oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentrations that can be detected by measuring the transmission of near-infrared light through the tissue. To verify the efficacy of NIRS, we first compared auditory cortex responses measured with NIRS and fMRI in normal-hearing adults. We then examined four different participant cohorts with NIRS alone. Speech-evoked cortical activity was observed in 100% of normal-hearing adults (11 of 11), 82% of normal-hearing children (9 of 11), 78% of deaf children who have used a CI > 4 months (28 of 36), and 78% of deaf children who completed NIRS testing on the day of CI initial activation (7 of 9). Therefore, NIRS can measure cortical responses in pediatric CI users, and has the potential to be a powerful adjunct to current CI assessment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B G Sevy
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Ota T, Kamada K, Kawai K, Yumoto M, Aoki S, Saito N. Refined analysis of complex language representations by non-invasive neuroimaging techniques. Br J Neurosurg 2010; 25:197-202. [PMID: 20825290 DOI: 10.3109/02688697.2010.505986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The determination of language lateralisation is important for patients with medically intractable epilepsy or a brain tumour near the language areas to avoid the risk of post-surgical language deficits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to identify language lateralisation compared with functional MRI (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) in multiple language tasks. METHODS We investigated 28 patients whose language dominance was evaluated by the Wada test. fMRI, MEG and NIRS were performed to investigate language representation. All patients were asked to read three-letter words silently for fMRI and MEG (Kana reading) and to write words beginning with a visually presented letter (word generation) for NIRS. The laterality index was calculated to assess language lateralisation in each investigation. RESULTS In 24 cases (85.7%), of which two investigations showed the same laterality, the results had perfect concordance with the Wada test. In patients with left dominance, the sensitivity and specificity of fMRI, MEG and NIRS was 95.0% and 62.5%, 100% and 87.5%, 75.0% and 87.5%, respectively. In three patients with right lateralization, only NIRS showed a significant increase of oxygenated-haemoglobin in the right inferior frontal region, indicating right dominance. CONCLUSION We established a method to determine language lateralisation by co-utilising fMRI, MEG and NIRS with high reliability. NIRS recognised atypical language representation, in addition to fMRI and MEG. While fMRI, MEG and NIRS are not currently as accurate as the Wada test in determining language lateralisation, this non-invasive and repeatable method has great potential as an alternative to the Wada test in time following further research and refinement of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ota
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Keller SS, Roberts N, García-Fiñana M, Mohammadi S, Ringelstein EB, Knecht S, Deppe M. Can the language-dominant hemisphere be predicted by brain anatomy? J Cogn Neurosci 2010; 23:2013-29. [PMID: 20807056 DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2010.21563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
It has long been suspected that cortical interhemispheric asymmetries may underlie hemispheric language dominance (HLD). To test this hypothesis, we determined interhemispheric asymmetries using stereology and MRI of three cortical regions hypothesized to be related to HLD (Broca's area, planum temporale, and insula) in healthy adults in whom HLD was determined using functional transcranial Doppler sonography and functional MRI (15 left HLD, 10 right HLD). We observed no relationship between volume asymmetry of the gyral correlates of Broca's area or planum temporale and HLD. However, we observed a robust relationship between volume asymmetry of the insula and HLD (p = .008), which predicted unilateral HLD in 88% individuals (86.7% left HDL and 90% right HLD). There was also a subtle but significant positive correlation between the extent of HLD and insula volume asymmetry (p = .02), indicating that a larger insula predicted functional lateralization to the same hemispheric side for the majority of subjects. We found no visual evidence of basic anatomical markers of HLD other than that the termination of the right posterior sylvian fissure was more likely to be vertical than horizontal in right HLD subjects (p = .02). Predicting HLD by virtue of gross brain anatomy is complicated by interindividual variability in sulcal contours, and the possibility remains that morphological and cytoarchitectural organization of the classical language regions may underlie HLD when analyses are not constrained by the natural limits imposed by measurement of gyral volume. Although the anatomical correlates of HLD will most likely be found to include complex intra- and interhemispheric connections, there is the possibility that such connectivity may correlate with gray matter morphology. We suggest that the potential significance of insular morphology should be considered in future studies addressing the anatomical correlates of human language lateralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon S Keller
- The Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 33, D-48129 Münster, Germany.
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Whitehouse AJO, Badcock N, Groen MA, Bishop DVM. Reliability of a novel paradigm for determining hemispheric lateralization of visuospatial function. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2009; 15:1028-32. [PMID: 19709454 PMCID: PMC2904805 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617709990555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In most individuals, language production and visuospatial skills are subserved predominantly by the left and right hemispheres, respectively. Functional Transcranial Doppler (fTCD) provides a noninvasive and relatively low-cost method for measuring functional lateralization. However, while the silent word generation task provides an accurate and reliable paradigm for investigating lateralization of language production, there is no comparable gold-standard method for measuring visuospatial skills. Thirty undergraduate students (19 females) completed a task of spatial memory while undergoing fTCD recording. Participants completed this task at two different time points, separated by between 26 to 155 days. The relative activation between hemispheres averaged across all participants was found to be consistent across testing sessions. This was observed at the individual level also, with a quantitative index of lateralization showing high reproducibility. These findings indicate that the use of the spatial memory task with fTCD is a robust methodology for examining laterality of visuospatial skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J O Whitehouse
- Center for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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Lin TK, Ryu SJ, Hsu PW. Interhemispheric comparisons of cerebral blood flow velocity changes during mental tasks with transcranial Doppler sonography. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2009; 28:1487-1492. [PMID: 19854963 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2009.28.11.1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate hemispheric asymmetry of cerebral blood flow changes during various mental tests by applying transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) to simultaneously monitor bilateral cerebral blood flow velocity changes. METHODS Twenty-one participants without cerebrovascular disease performed 3 left hemispheric tasks (reading, calculation, and color scaling) and 3 right hemispheric tasks (face recognition, space imagination, and line orientation). RESULTS Mean velocities of the rest and performing periods did not differ significantly between the left and right hemispheric tasks. Although greater acceleration of blood flow velocity was observed on the left than on the right in most of the 6 tasks except line orientation (mean left - right ratio difference [D(l-r)] ranged from -0.018 to 0.071), this difference was larger for left hemispheric tasks (mean D(l-r) ranged from 0.050 to 0.071) than right hemispheric tasks (mean D(l-r) ranged from -0.018 to 0.034; P < .001). Further comparisons of each pair of (ie, left and right) hemispheric tasks revealed that the most suitable left and right hemispheric tasks to show hemispheric asymmetry were reading and line orientation, respectively (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Hemispheric asymmetry of cerebral blood flow changes during mental tests is demonstrable with TCD only when comparing the D(l-r) in response to suitable paired left and right hemispheric tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Kang Lin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taiwan.
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Variation in brain lateralization during various language tasks: A functional transcranial Doppler study. Behav Brain Res 2009; 199:190-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Schlosser HG, Guldin W, Fritzsche D, Clarke AH. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound during galvanic labyrinth polarization depicts central vestibular processing, demonstrating bilateral vestibular projection. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 28:372-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abou-Khalil B. Methods for determination of language dominance: The wada test and proposed noninvasive alternatives. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2008; 7:483-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s11910-007-0075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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