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Zhang J, Nie C, Zhang Y, Yang L, Du X, Liu L, Chen Y, Yang Q, Zhu X, Li Q. Analysis of mechanism, therapeutic strategies, and potential natural compounds against atherosclerosis by targeting iron overload-induced oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117112. [PMID: 39018869 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell demise characterized primarily by the reduction of trivalent iron to divalent iron, leading to the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequent induction of intense oxidative stress. In atherosclerosis (AS), highly accumulated lipids are modified by ROS to promote the formation of lipid peroxides, further amplifying cellular oxidative stress damage to influence all stages of atherosclerotic development. Macrophages are regarded as pivotal executors in the progression of AS and the handling of iron, thus targeting macrophage iron metabolism holds significant guiding implications for exploring potential therapeutic strategies against AS. In this comprehensive review, we elucidate the potential interplay among iron overload, inflammation, and lipid dysregulation, summarizing the potential mechanisms underlying the suppression of AS by alleviating iron overload. Furthermore, the application of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is increasingly widespread. Based on extant research and the pharmacological foundations of active compounds of TCM, we propose alternative therapeutic agents for AS in the context of iron overload, aiming to diversify the therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chunxia Nie
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xinke Du
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China; State key laboratory for quality ensurance and sustainable use ofdao-di herbs, Beijing 100700, China.
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2
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Williams MJ, Halabi CM, Patel HM, Joseph Z, McCommis K, Weinheimer C, Kovacs A, Lima F, Finck B, Malluche H, Hruska KA. In chronic kidney disease altered cardiac metabolism precedes cardiac hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F751-F767. [PMID: 38385175 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00416.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Conduit arterial disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important cause of cardiac complications. Cardiac function in CKD has not been studied in the absence of arterial disease. In an Alport syndrome model bred not to have conduit arterial disease, mice at 225 days of life (dol) had CKD equivalent to humans with CKD stage 4-5. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and FGF23 levels were one log order elevated, circulating sclerostin was elevated, and renal activin A was strongly induced. Aortic Ca levels were not increased, and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) transdifferentiation was absent. The CKD mice were not hypertensive, and cardiac hypertrophy was absent. Freshly excised cardiac tissue respirometry (Oroboros) showed that ADP-stimulated O2 flux was diminished from 52 to 22 pmol/mg (P = 0.022). RNA-Seq of cardiac tissue from CKD mice revealed significantly decreased levels of cardiac mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation genes. To examine the effect of activin A signaling, some Alport mice were treated with a monoclonal Ab to activin A or an isotype-matched IgG beginning at 75 days of life until euthanasia. Treatment with the activin A antibody (Ab) did not affect cardiac oxidative phosphorylation. However, the activin A antibody was active in the skeleton, disrupting the effect of CKD to stimulate osteoclast number, eroded surfaces, and the stimulation of osteoclast-driven remodeling. The data reported here show that cardiac mitochondrial respiration is impaired in CKD in the absence of conduit arterial disease. This is the first report of the direct effect of CKD on cardiac respiration.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Heart disease is an important morbidity of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hypertension, vascular stiffness, and vascular calcification all contribute to cardiac pathophysiology. However, cardiac function in CKD devoid of vascular disease has not been studied. Here, in an animal model of human CKD without conduit arterial disease, we analyze cardiac respiration and discover that CKD directly impairs cardiac mitochondrial function by decreasing oxidative phosphorylation. Protection of cardiac oxidative phosphorylation may be a therapeutic target in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Williams
- Renal Division, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Carmen M Halabi
- Renal Division, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Hiral M Patel
- Renal Division, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Zachary Joseph
- Renal Division, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Kyle McCommis
- Geriatrics and Nutritional Science Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Carla Weinheimer
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Attila Kovacs
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Florence Lima
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Brian Finck
- Geriatrics and Nutritional Science Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Hartmut Malluche
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Keith A Hruska
- Renal Division, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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3
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Miyazaki-Anzai S, Masuda M, Keenan AL, Shiozaki Y, Miranda JG, Miyazaki M. Activation of the IKK2/NF-κB pathway in VSMCs inhibits calcified vascular stiffness in CKD. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e174977. [PMID: 38470493 PMCID: PMC11128211 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.174977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
IKK2/NF-κB pathway-mediated inflammation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) has been proposed to be an etiologic factor in medial calcification and stiffness. However, the role of the IKK2/NF-κB pathway in medial calcification remains to be elucidated. In this study, we found that chronic kidney disease (CKD) induces inflammatory pathways through the local activation of the IKK2/NF-κB pathway in VMSCs associated with calcified vascular stiffness. Despite reducing the expression of inflammatory mediators, complete inhibition of the IKK2/NF-κB pathway in vitro and in vivo unexpectedly exacerbated vascular mineralization and stiffness. In contrast, activation of NF-κB by SMC-specific IκBα deficiency attenuated calcified vascular stiffness in CKD. Inhibition of the IKK2/NF-κB pathway induced cell death of VSMCs by reducing anti-cell death gene expression, whereas activation of NF-κB reduced CKD-dependent vascular cell death. In addition, increased calcification of extracellular vesicles through the inhibition of the IKK2/NF-κB pathway induced mineralization of VSMCs, which was significantly reduced by blocking cell death in vitro and in vivo. This study reveals that activation of the IKK2/NF-κB pathway in VSMCs plays a protective role in CKD-dependent calcified vascular stiffness by reducing the release of apoptotic calcifying extracellular vesicles.
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Vachey C, Candellier A, Toutain S, Mac-Way F. The Bone-Vascular Axis in Chronic Kidney Disease: From Pathophysiology to Treatment. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:69-79. [PMID: 38195897 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to describe the pathogenic factors involved in bone-vessel anomalies in CKD which are the object of numerous experimental and clinical research. RECENT FINDINGS Knowledge on the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the regulation of vascular calcification and mineral-bone disorders is evolving. Specific bone turnover anomalies influence the vascular health while recent studies demonstrate that factors released by the calcified vessels also contribute to bone deterioration in CKD. Current therapies used to control mineral dysregulations will impact both the vessels and bone metabolism. Available anti-osteoporotic treatments used in non-CKD population may negatively or positively affect vascular health in the context of CKD. It is essential to study the bone effects of the new therapeutic options that are currently under investigation to reduce vascular calcification. Our paper highlights the complexity of the bone-vascular axis and discusses how current therapies may affect both organs in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Vachey
- CHU de Québec Research Center, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Faculty and Department of Medicine, Université Laval, 10 McMahon, Quebec City, Quebec, G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Alexandre Candellier
- CHU de Québec Research Center, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Faculty and Department of Medicine, Université Laval, 10 McMahon, Quebec City, Quebec, G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Soline Toutain
- CHU de Québec Research Center, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Faculty and Department of Medicine, Université Laval, 10 McMahon, Quebec City, Quebec, G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Fabrice Mac-Way
- CHU de Québec Research Center, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Faculty and Department of Medicine, Université Laval, 10 McMahon, Quebec City, Quebec, G1R 2J6, Canada.
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5
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Kang JH, Kawano T, Murata M, Toita R. Vascular calcification and cellular signaling pathways as potential therapeutic targets. Life Sci 2024; 336:122309. [PMID: 38042282 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Increased vascular calcification (VC) is observed in patients with cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. VC is divided into three types according to its location: intimal, medial, and valvular. Various cellular signaling pathways are associated with VC, including the Wnt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt, cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin, Ras homologous GTPase, apoptosis, Notch, and cytokine signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the literature concerning the key cellular signaling pathways associated with VC and their role as potential therapeutic targets. Inhibitors to these pathways represent good candidates for use as potential therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hun Kang
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Shinmachi, Kishibe, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan.
| | - Takahito Kawano
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaharu Murata
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Riki Toita
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan; AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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6
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Lian Y, Li Y, Liu A, Ghosh S, Shi Y, Huang H. Dietary antioxidants and vascular calcification: From pharmacological mechanisms to challenges. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115693. [PMID: 37844356 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC), an actively regulated process, has been recognized as an independent and strong predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality worldwide. Diet has been shown to have a major role in the progression of VC. Oxidative stress (OS), a common pro-calcification factor, is closely related to VC, and evidence strongly suggests that dietary antioxidants directly prevent VC. Herein, we provided an overview of OS and its key role in VC and underlined the mechanisms of harmful effects of OS on VC. Furthermore, we introduced dietary antioxidants, and discussed about surrounding the challenges of dietary antioxidants in VC management. This review will benefit future research about the effects of dietary antioxidants on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Lian
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 3025, Shennan Middle Rd, Futian District, 518033 Shenzhen, China
| | - Yue Li
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 3025, Shennan Middle Rd, Futian District, 518033 Shenzhen, China
| | - Aiting Liu
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 3025, Shennan Middle Rd, Futian District, 518033 Shenzhen, China
| | - Sounak Ghosh
- Department of Internal Medicine, AMRI Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Yuncong Shi
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 3025, Shennan Middle Rd, Futian District, 518033 Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Huang
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 3025, Shennan Middle Rd, Futian District, 518033 Shenzhen, China.
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Yan X, Zhang Q, Ma X, Zhong Y, Tang H, Mai S. The mechanism of biomineralization: Progress in mineralization from intracellular generation to extracellular deposition. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:181-190. [PMID: 37388714 PMCID: PMC10302165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization is a highly regulated process that results in the deposition of minerals in a precise manner, ultimately producing skeletal and dental hard tissues. Recent studies have highlighted the crucial role played by intracellular processes in initiating biomineralization. These processes involve various organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum(ER), mitochondria, and lysosomes, in the formation, accumulation, maturation, and secretion of calcium phosphate (CaP) particles. Particularly, the recent in-depth study of the dynamic process of the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate(ACP) precursors among organelles has made great progress in the development of the integrity of the biomineralization chain. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these intracellular processes remain unclear, and they cannot be fully integrated with the extracellular mineralization mechanism and the physicochemical structure development of the mineralization particles. In this review, we aim to focus on the recent progress made in understanding intracellular mineralization organelles' processes and their relationship with the physicochemical structure development of CaP and extracellular deposition of CaP particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yewen Zhong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hengni Tang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sui Mai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Song JH, Liu MY, Ma YX, Wan QQ, Li J, Diao XO, Niu LN. Inflammation-associated ectopic mineralization. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 3:1025-1038. [PMID: 38933004 PMCID: PMC11197766 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic mineralization refers to the deposition of mineralized complexes in the extracellular matrix of soft tissues. Calcific aortic valve disease, vascular calcification, gallstones, kidney stones, and abnormal mineralization in arthritis are common examples of ectopic mineralization. They are debilitating diseases and exhibit excess mortality, disability, and morbidity, which impose on patients with limited social or financial resources. Recent recognition that inflammation plays an important role in ectopic mineralization has attracted the attention of scientists from different research fields. In the present review, we summarize the origin of inflammation in ectopic mineralization and different channels whereby inflammation drives the initiation and progression of ectopic mineralization. The current knowledge of inflammatory milieu in pathological mineralization is reviewed, including how immune cells, pro-inflammatory mediators, and osteogenic signaling pathways induce the osteogenic transition of connective tissue cells, providing nucleating sites and assembly of aberrant minerals. Advances in the understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in inflammatory-mediated ectopic mineralization enable novel strategies to be developed that may lead to the resolution of these enervating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qian-Qian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xiao-Ou Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Li-Na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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9
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Wang C, Liang Q, He S, Zhu J, Lin X, Lin G, Wu D, Zhang W, Wang Z. Role of inflammation and immunity in vascular calcification: a bibliometric and visual analysis, 2000-2022. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1258230. [PMID: 37965089 PMCID: PMC10642504 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1258230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, a great deal of research has been done on vascular calcification (VC), and inflammation and immunity have been displayed to play important roles in the mechanism of VC. However, to date, no comprehensive or systematic bibliometric analyses have been conducted on this topic. Methods Articles and reviews on the roles of inflammation and immunity in VC were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection on August 5, 2022. Four scientometric software packages-HistCite, CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and R-bibliometrix-were used for the bibliometric and knowledge mapping analyses. Results The obtained 1,868 papers were published in 627 academic journals by 9,595 authors of 2,217 institutions from 69 countries. The annual number of publications showed a clear growth trend. The USA and China were the most productive countries. Karolinska Institutet, Harvard University, and the University of Washington were the most active institutions. Stenvinkel P published the most articles, whereas Demer LL received the most citations. Atherosclerosis published the most papers, while Circulation was the most highly cited journal. The largest cluster among the 22 clusters, based on the analysis of co-citations, was osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation. "Vascular calcification," "inflammation," "chronic kidney disease," and "expression" were the main keywords in the field. The keyword "extracellular vesicle" attracted great attention in recent years with the strongest citation burst. Conclusions Osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation is the primary research topic in this field. Extracellular vesicles are expected to become a new research focus for exploring the inflammatory and immune mechanisms of VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qingchun Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyi He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiafei Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Guanwen Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Duozhi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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10
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Aihara S, Yamada S, Matsueda S, Nagashima A, Torisu K, Kitazono T, Nakano T. Magnesium inhibits peritoneal calcification as a late-stage characteristic of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16340. [PMID: 37770630 PMCID: PMC10539370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43657-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal calcification is a prominent feature of the later stage of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) in patients undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). However, the pathogenesis and preventive strategy for peritoneal calcification remain unclear. Peritoneum samples from EPS patients were examined histologically. Peritoneal calcification was induced in mice by feeding with an adenine-containing diet combined with intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide and a calcifying solution containing high calcium and phosphate. Excised mouse peritoneum, human mesothelial cells (MeT5A), and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were cultured in calcifying medium. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the appearance of osteoblastic differentiation-marker-positive cells in the visceral peritoneum from EPS patients. Intraperitoneal administration of magnesium suppressed peritoneal fibrosis and calcification in mice. Calcifying medium increased the calcification of cultured mouse peritoneum, which was prevented by magnesium. Calcification of the extracellular matrix was accelerated in Met5A cells and MEFs treated with calcification medium. Calcifying medium also upregulated osteoblastic differentiation markers in MeT5A cells and induced apoptosis in MEFs. Conversely, magnesium supplementation mitigated extracellular matrix calcification and phenotypic transdifferentiation and apoptosis caused by calcifying conditions in cultured MeT5A cells and MEFs. Phosphate loading contributes to the progression of EPS through peritoneal calcification and fibrosis, which can be prevented by magnesium supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seishi Aihara
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan
| | - Shumei Matsueda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan
| | | | - Kumiko Torisu
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nakano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan.
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11
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Miyazaki-Anzai S, Masuda M, Keenan AL, Shiozaki Y, Miyazaki M. Activation of the IKK2-NFκB pathway in VSMCs inhibits calcified vascular stiffness in CKD by reducing the secretion of calcifying extracellular vesicles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.11.548621. [PMID: 37502894 PMCID: PMC10370001 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.11.548621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
IKK2-NFκB pathway mediated-inflammation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) has been proposed to be an etiologic factor in medial calcification and stiffness. However, the role of the IKK2-NFκB pathway in medial calcification remains to be elucidated. In this study, we found that CKD induces inflammatory pathways through the local activation of the IKK2-NFκB pathway in VMSCs associated with calcified vascular stiffness. Despite reducing the expression of inflammatory mediators, complete inhibition of the IKK2-NFκB pathway in vitro and in vivo unexpectedly exacerbated vascular mineralization and stiffness. In contrast, activation of NFκB by SMC-specific IκB deficiency attenuated calcified vascular stiffness in CKD. Inhibition of the IKK2-NFκB pathway induced apoptosis of VSMCs by reducing anti-apoptotic gene expression, whereas activation of NFκB reduced CKD-dependent vascular cell death. In addition, increased calcifying extracellular vesicles through the inhibition of the IKK2-NFκB pathway induced mineralization of VSMCs, which was significantly reduced by blocking cell death. This study reveals that activation of the IKK2-NFκB pathway in VSMCs plays a protective role in CKD-dependent calcified vascular stiffness by reducing the release of apoptotic calcifying extracellular vesicles.
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Sutton NR, Malhotra R, Hilaire C, Aikawa E, Blumenthal RS, Gackenbach G, Goyal P, Johnson A, Nigwekar SU, Shanahan CM, Towler DA, Wolford BN, Chen Y. Molecular Mechanisms of Vascular Health: Insights From Vascular Aging and Calcification. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:15-29. [PMID: 36412195 PMCID: PMC9793888 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death worldwide, especially beyond the age of 65 years, with the vast majority of morbidity and mortality due to myocardial infarction and stroke. Vascular pathology stems from a combination of genetic risk, environmental factors, and the biologic changes associated with aging. The pathogenesis underlying the development of vascular aging, and vascular calcification with aging, in particular, is still not fully understood. Accumulating data suggests that genetic risk, likely compounded by epigenetic modifications, environmental factors, including diabetes and chronic kidney disease, and the plasticity of vascular smooth muscle cells to acquire an osteogenic phenotype are major determinants of age-associated vascular calcification. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying genetic and modifiable risk factors in regulating age-associated vascular pathology may inspire strategies to promote healthy vascular aging. This article summarizes current knowledge of concepts and mechanisms of age-associated vascular disease, with an emphasis on vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia R. Sutton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rajeev Malhotra
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Cynthia Hilaire
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 1744 BSTWR, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260 USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Roger S. Blumenthal
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease; Baltimore, MD
| | - Grace Gackenbach
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Parag Goyal
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Adam Johnson
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sagar U. Nigwekar
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Catherine M. Shanahan
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Dwight A. Towler
- Department of Medicine | Endocrine Division and Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Brooke N. Wolford
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Research Department, Veterans Affairs Birmingham Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
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13
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Li X, Liu XL, Li X, Zhao YC, Wang QQ, Zhong HY, Liu DD, Yuan C, Zheng TF, Zhang M. Dickkopf1 (Dkk1) Alleviates Vascular Calcification by Regulating the Degradation of Phospholipase D1 (PLD1). J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:1327-1339. [PMID: 35426038 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10251-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in patients with atherosclerosis (AS), chronic kidney disease, and diabetes. Dickkopf1 (Dkk1) is a multifunctional secreted glycoprotein that has been explored as a novel potential antitumor target. Recently, Dkk1 was shown to be closely associated with AS development. However, the role of Dkk1 in VC remains elusive. In this study, we explored the role and molecular mechanisms of Dkk1 in VC based on a smooth muscle-specific Dkk1-knockout (Dkk1SMKO) mouse model. Our data indicated that Dkk1 expression was decreased under calcifying conditions and that Dkk1 overexpression alleviated high phosphate-induced vascular calcification. In vivo, smooth muscle Dkk1-specific knockout aggravated vascular calcification in mice. However, phospholipase D1 (PLD1) overexpression partially weakened the protective effect of Dkk1 against vascular calcification. Mechanistically, Dkk1 slowed vascular calcification by promoting the degradation of PLD1 via the regulating autophagosome formation and maturation. In conclusion, we found that Dkk1 could alleviate vascular calcification by regulating the degradation of PLD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ya-Chao Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qian-Qian Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Dong-Dong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chong Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Teng-Fei Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Mei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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14
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Periostin Augments Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Calcification via β-Catenin Signaling. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081157. [PMID: 36009051 PMCID: PMC9405747 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Medial vascular calcification is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is closely linked to hyperphosphatemia. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) can take up pro-calcific properties and actively augment vascular calcification. Various pro-inflammatory mediators are able to promote VSMC calcification. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of periostin, a matricellular signaling protein, in calcifying human VSMCs and human serum samples. As a result, periostin induced the mRNA expression of pro-calcific markers in VSMCs. Furthermore, periostin augmented the effects of β-glycerophosphate on the expression of pro-calcific markers and aggravated the calcification of VSMCs. A periostin treatment was associated with an increased β-catenin abundance as well as the expression of target genes. The pro-calcific effects of periostin were ameliorated by WNT/β-catenin pathway inhibitors. Moreover, a co-treatment with an integrin αvβ3-blocking antibody blunted the pro-calcific effects of periostin. The silencing of periostin reduced the effects of β-glycerophosphate on the expression of pro-calcific markers and the calcification of VSMCs. Elevated serum periostin levels were observed in hemodialysis patients compared with healthy controls. These observations identified periostin as an augmentative factor in VSMC calcification. The pro-calcific effects of periostin involve integrin αvβ3 and the activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Thus, the inhibition of periostin may be beneficial to reduce the burden of vascular calcification in CKD patients.
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Wang P, Pan Y, Yang C, Zhang L, Zhao Z, Ye K, Li L, Xia S, Lu X, Shi H, Li W, Yin M. TNFα activation and TGFβ blockage act synergistically for smooth muscle cell calcification in patients with venous thrombosis via TGFβ/ERK pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4479-4491. [PMID: 35808901 PMCID: PMC9357635 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous calcification has been observed in post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS) patients; yet, the cell types and possible mechanisms regulating this process are still unclear. We evaluated the calcium deposition within the venous wall, the cell type involved in the calcified remodelling of the venous wall after thrombosis and explored possible mechanisms in vitro. Calcium deposition was found in human specimens of superficial thrombotic veins and was co‐localized with VSMCs markers αSMA and TAGLN (also known as SM22α). Besides, the expression of osteogenesis‐related genes was dramatically changed in superficial thrombotic veins. Moreover, the inhibition of the TGFβ signalling pathway after TNFα treatment effectively induced the expression of osteogenic phenotype markers, the calcium salt deposits and the obvious phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK2 in the VSMCs calcification model. Supplementing TGFβ2 or blocking the activation of the ERK/MAPK signalling pathway prevented the transformation of VSMCs into osteoblast‐like cells in vitro. Taken together, VSMCs have an important role in venous calcification after thrombosis. Supplementing TGFβ2 or inhibiting the ERK/MAPK signalling pathway can reduce the appearance of VSMCs osteogenic phenotype. Our findings may present a novel therapeutic approach to prevent of vascular calcification after venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqing Pan
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghao Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linjie Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaichuang Ye
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shoubing Xia
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinwu Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Vascular Center of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihua Shi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minyi Yin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Vascular Center of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Gao JW, You S, Liu ZY, Hao QY, Wang JF, Vuitton DA, Zhang SL, Liu PM. Different Metabolic Phenotypes of Obesity and Risk of Coronary Artery Calcium Progression and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Events: The CARDIA Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:677-688. [PMID: 35387482 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate whether obesity with or without metabolic syndrome is prospectively associated with coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression and incident cardiovascular disease events. METHODS A total of 1730 participants from the CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) were included (age, 40.1±3.6 years; 38.3% men), who completed computed tomography of CAC at baseline (year 15: 2000-2001) and follow-up (year 20 or 25). Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) was defined as body mass index≥30 kg/m2 without any metabolic syndrome components in our main analysis. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for several conditions characterizing 4 metabolic phenotypes. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 9.1 years, 439 participants had CAC progression. MHO subjects had a significantly higher risk of CAC progression than their metabolically healthy normal weight counterparts (adjusted hazard ratios [95% CIs] from 1.761 [1.369-2.264] to 2.047 [1.380-3.036]) depending on the definition of MHO adopted. Obesity with unhealthy metabolic profile remained the highest significant risk of CAC progression and cardiovascular disease events whatever the definitions adopted for metabolically unhealthy status. Up to 60% of participants with MHO converted to metabolically unhealthy obesity from year 15 to year 20 or year 25. Further sensitivity analysis showed that MHO throughout carried a similar risk of incident cardiovascular disease events compared with metabolically healthy normal weight throughout. CONCLUSIONS Different metabolic phenotypes of obesity beginning at a young age exhibit distinct risks of CAC progression and subsequent cardiovascular disease events in later midlife. MHO represents an intermediate phenotype between metabolically low- to high-risk obese individuals. REGISTRATION URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov; Unique identifier: NCT00005130.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wei Gao
- Department of Cardiology (J.-W.G., S.Y., Q.-Y.H., J.-F.W., P.-M.L.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si You
- Department of Cardiology (J.-W.G., S.Y., Q.-Y.H., J.-F.W., P.-M.L.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Liu
- Medical Research Center (Z.-Y.L.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Yun Hao
- Department of Cardiology (J.-W.G., S.Y., Q.-Y.H., J.-F.W., P.-M.L.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiology (J.-W.G., S.Y., Q.-Y.H., J.-F.W., P.-M.L.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dominique A Vuitton
- Research Unit EA 3181, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France (D.A.V.)
| | - Shao-Ling Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology (S.-L.Z.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pin-Ming Liu
- Department of Cardiology (J.-W.G., S.Y., Q.-Y.H., J.-F.W., P.-M.L.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Wang T, Zhou J, Zhang X, Wu Y, Jin K, Wang Y, Xu R, Yang G, Li W, Jiao L. X-box Binding Protein 1: An Adaptor in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. Aging Dis 2022; 14:350-369. [PMID: 37008067 PMCID: PMC10017146 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), the formation of fibrofatty lesions in the vessel wall, is the primary cause of heart disease and stroke and is closely associated with aging. Disrupted metabolic homeostasis is a primary feature of AS and leads to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is an abnormal accumulation of unfolded proteins. By orchestrating signaling cascades of the unfolded protein response (UPR), ER stress functions as a double-edged sword in AS, where adaptive UPR triggers synthetic metabolic processes to restore homeostasis, whereas the maladaptive response programs the cell to the apoptotic pathway. However, little is known regarding their precise coordination. Herein, an advanced understanding of the role of UPR in the pathological process of AS is reviewed. In particular, we focused on a critical mediator of the UPR, X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), and its important role in balancing adaptive and maladaptive responses. The XBP1 mRNA is processed from the unspliced isoform (XBP1u) to the spliced isoform of XBP1 (XBP1s). Compared with XBP1u, XBP1s predominantly functions downstream of inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α) and transcript genes involved in protein quality control, inflammation, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and calcification, which are critical for the pathogenesis of AS. Thus, the IRE1α/XBP1 axis is a promising pharmaceutical candidate against AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China.
| | - Jia Zhou
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China.
| | - Yujie Wu
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Kehan Jin
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yilin Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China.
| | - Ge Yang
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Ge Yang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. , Dr. Wenjing Li, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. ; Dr. Liqun Jiao, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .
| | - Wenjing Li
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Ge Yang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. , Dr. Wenjing Li, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. ; Dr. Liqun Jiao, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .
| | - Liqun Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China.
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Ge Yang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. , Dr. Wenjing Li, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. ; Dr. Liqun Jiao, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .
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18
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Zhang Y, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Huang H, Wang J. IL-18 Mediates Vascular Calcification Induced by High-Fat Diet in Rats With Chronic Renal Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:724233. [PMID: 34901204 PMCID: PMC8655337 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.724233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Vascular calcification (VC) is an important predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). It is well-known that obesity and metabolic syndrome (OB/MS) predicts poor prognosis of CRF patients. However, the influence of OB/MS on VC in CRF patients isn't clear. IL-18 mediates OB/MS-related inflammation, but whether IL-18 is involved in OB/MS -mediated VC in CRF patients hasn't been studied. In this study, it was explored that whether OB/MS caused by high-fat diet (HFD) can affect the level of serum IL-18 and aggravate the degree of VC in CRF rats. Furthermore, it was studied that whether IL-18 induces rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) calcification by activating the MAPK pathways. Approach: The rats were randomly assigned to the sham-operated, CRF and CRF + HFD groups. CRF was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy. Serum IL-18 levels and aortic calcification indicators were compared in each group. Primary rat VSMCs calcification were induced by β-glycerophosphate and exposed to IL-18. VSMCs were also treated with MAPK inhibitors. Results: The weight, serum levels of hsCRP, TG and LDL-C in CRF + HFD group were significantly higher than those in sham-operated and CRF groups (p < 0.05). Compared with the sham-operated group, the calcium content and the expression of BMP-2 of aorta in CRF and CRF + HFD groups were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Moreover, the calcium content and the expression of BMP-2 of aorta in CRF + HFD group was significantly higher than those in CRF group (p < 0.05). And the serum IL-18 level was positively correlated with aortic calcium content. It was also found that p38 inhibitor SB203580 can suppress the VSMCs calcification and osteoblast phenotype differentiation induced by IL-18. But the JNK inhibitor SP600125 can't suppress the VSMCs calcification and osteoblast phenotype differentiation induced by IL-18. Conclusions: These findings suggest that obesity-related inflammation induced by high-fat diet could exacerbate VC in CRF rats. Furthermore, serum IL-18 level had a positive correlation with the degree of VC. It is also found that IL-18 promoted osteogenic differentiation and calcification of rat VSMCs via p38 pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Zhang
- Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingqu Zhou
- Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Cardiology, The Eighth Affilliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Vlasov IN, Alieva AK, Novosadova EV, Arsenyeva EL, Rosinskaya AV, Partevian SA, Grivennikov IA, Shadrina MI. Transcriptome Analysis of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Neuronal Progenitor Cells, Derived from Discordant Monozygotic Twins with Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:3478. [PMID: 34943986 PMCID: PMC8700621 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a widespread severe neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by pronounced deficiency of the dopaminergic system and disruption of the function of other neuromodulator systems. Although heritable genetic factors contribute significantly to PD pathogenesis, only a small percentage of sporadic cases of PD can be explained using known genetic risk factors. Due to that, it could be inferred that changes in gene expression could be important for explaining a significant percentage of PD cases. One of the ways to investigate such changes, while minimizing the effect of genetic factors on experiment, are the study of PD discordant monozygotic twins. In the course of the analysis of transcriptome data obtained from IPSC and NPCs, 20 and 1906 differentially expressed genes were identified respectively. We have observed an overexpression of TNF in NPC cultures, derived from twin with PD. Through investigation of gene interactions and gene involvement in biological processes, we have arrived to a hypothesis that TNF could play a crucial role in PD-related changes occurring in NPC derived from twins with PD, and identified INHBA, WNT7A and DKK1 as possible downstream effectors of TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan N. Vlasov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre, Kurchatov Institute, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.A.); (E.V.N.); (E.L.A.); (S.A.P.); (I.A.G.); (M.I.S.)
| | - Anelya Kh. Alieva
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre, Kurchatov Institute, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.A.); (E.V.N.); (E.L.A.); (S.A.P.); (I.A.G.); (M.I.S.)
| | - Ekaterina V. Novosadova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre, Kurchatov Institute, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.A.); (E.V.N.); (E.L.A.); (S.A.P.); (I.A.G.); (M.I.S.)
| | - Elena L. Arsenyeva
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre, Kurchatov Institute, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.A.); (E.V.N.); (E.L.A.); (S.A.P.); (I.A.G.); (M.I.S.)
| | - Anna V. Rosinskaya
- State Public Health Institution Primorsk Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1, 57 Aleutskaya St., 690091 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Suzanna A. Partevian
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre, Kurchatov Institute, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.A.); (E.V.N.); (E.L.A.); (S.A.P.); (I.A.G.); (M.I.S.)
| | - Igor A. Grivennikov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre, Kurchatov Institute, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.A.); (E.V.N.); (E.L.A.); (S.A.P.); (I.A.G.); (M.I.S.)
| | - Maria I. Shadrina
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre, Kurchatov Institute, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.A.); (E.V.N.); (E.L.A.); (S.A.P.); (I.A.G.); (M.I.S.)
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20
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Wang D, Wang X, Huang L, Pan Z, Liu K, Du B, Xue Y, Li B, Zhang Y, Wang H, Li D, Sun H. Unraveling an Innate Mechanism of Pathological Mineralization-Regulated Inflammation by a Nanobiomimetic System. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101586. [PMID: 34601825 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pathological mineralization (PTM) often occurs under inflammation and affects the prognosis of diseases, such as atherosclerosis and cancers. However, how the PTM impacts inflammation has not been well explored. Herein, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)/gelatin/hydroxyapatite (HA) electrospun nanofibers are rationally designed as an ideal PTM microenvironment biomimetic system for unraveling the role of PTM on inflammation. The results demonstrate that the inflammatory response decreases continuously during the process of mineralization. When mature macromineralization forms, the inflammation almost completely disappears. Mechanistically, the PTM formation is mediated by matrix proteins, local high calcium, and cell debris (nuclei), or actively regulated by the lysosomal/plasma membrane components secreted by macrophages. These inflammatory inducible factors (calcium, cell debris, etc.) can be "buried" through PTM process, resulting in reduced immune responses. Overall, the present study demonstrates that PTM is an innate mechanism of inflammation subsidence, providing valuable insight into understanding the action of mineralization on inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 763 Heguang Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 763 Heguang Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Lei Huang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 763 Heguang Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Pan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 763 Heguang Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Kexuan Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 763 Heguang Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Beibei Du
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Avenue, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xue
- HOOKE Instruments Ltd., 77 Yingkou Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, P. R. China
| | - Bei Li
- HOOKE Instruments Ltd., 77 Yingkou Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, P. R. China
- The State Key Lab of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, CAS, 3888 East Nanhu Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Daowei Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 763 Heguang Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Hongchen Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, 763 Heguang Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, P. R. China
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21
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Regulation of MDM2 E3 ligase-dependent vascular calcification by MSX1/2. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1781-1791. [PMID: 34845330 PMCID: PMC8639964 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00708-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification increases morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular and renal diseases. Previously, we reported that histone deacetylase 1 prevents vascular calcification, whereas its E3 ligase, mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), induces vascular calcification. In the present study, we identified the upstream regulator of MDM2. By utilizing cellular models and transgenic mice, we confirmed that E3 ligase activity is required for vascular calcification. By promoter analysis, we found that both msh homeobox 1 (Msx1) and msh homeobox 2 (Msx2) bound to the MDM2 promoter region, which resulted in transcriptional activation of MDM2. The expression levels of both Msx1 and Msx2 were increased in mouse models of vascular calcification and in calcified human coronary arteries. Msx1 and Msx2 potentiated vascular calcification in cellular and mouse models in an MDM2-dependent manner. Our results establish a novel role for MSX1/MSX2 in the transcriptional activation of MDM2 and the resultant increase in MDM2 E3 ligase activity during vascular calcification. The identification of a signaling pathway involved in triggering vascular calcification, the deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in blood vessels, could inform new therapeutic interventions for related cardiovascular complications. Vascular calcification causes significant complications in patients with metabolic syndrome, renal failure, or cardiovascular disease. In their previous work, Hyun Kook and Duk-Hwa Kwon at Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea, and coworkers demonstrated that the E3 ligase activity of a protein called MDM2 induces calcification. Now, following further mouse trials, the team have identified an upstream signaling pathway involving several development proteins such as MSX1 and MSX2 which activate MDM2. The activation of this signaling axis leads to the degradation of a key protein that would otherwise prevent calcification. The results may provide a platform for novel therapies targeting the condition.
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22
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Khandkar C, Vaidya K, Karimi Galougahi K, Patel S. Low bone mineral density and coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2021; 37:100891. [PMID: 34746361 PMCID: PMC8554269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2021.100891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and osteoporosis both cause significant morbidity and mortality. Recent interest in inflammation and the bone-vascular axis suggests a mechanistic link between the two conditions. This review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the potential association between low bone mineral density (BMD) and CAD in adults. Two authors searched for studies that examined the association between low BMD and CAD. Risk of bias assessment was conducted using the modified Newcastle Ottawa score. Ten studies were selected from the 2258 unique records identified. Pooled analysis showed a significant association between low BMD and CAD (OR 1.65, 95%CI 1.37-2.39, p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis investigating males and females separately was not significant. The subgroup analyses looking for any differences across geographic locations and differences between coronary imaging modalities were also negative. Studies with adjusted ORs (n = 4) were also pooled (OR 3.01, 95%CI 0.91-9.99, p = 0.07). Low BMD is associated with CAD; however, it is unclear whether this result is confounded by common risk factors given the heterogeneity between study populations and methodologies. Further large-scale epidemiological studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay Khandkar
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kaivan Vaidya
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Keyvan Karimi Galougahi
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
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23
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Lee GL, Liao TL, Wu JY, Wu KK, Kuo CC. Restoration of 5-methoxytryptophan protects against atherosclerotic chondrogenesis and calcification in ApoE -/- mice fed high fat diet. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:74. [PMID: 34749728 PMCID: PMC8573875 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) promotes vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) transdifferentiation to chondrocytes and calcification in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner. Vascular 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) is a newly identified factor with anti-inflammatory actions. As 5-MTP targets p38 MAPK for its actions, we postulated that 5-MTP protects against vascular chondrogenesis and calcification. Methods High-fat diet-induced advanced atherosclerosis in mice were performed to investigate the effect of 5-MTP on atherosclerotic lesions and calcification. VSMCs were used to determine the role of 5-MTP in VSMC chondrogenic differentiation and calcification. Alizarin red S and Alcian blue staining were used to measure VSMC calcification and chondrogenic differentiation, respectively. Results 5-MTP was detected in aortic tissues of ApoE−/− mice fed control chow. It was reduced in ApoE−/− mice fed high-fat diet (HFD), but was restored in ApoE−/−Tlr2−/− mice, suggesting that HFD reduces vascular 5-MTP production via TLR2. Intraperitoneal injection of 5-MTP or its analog into ApoE−/− mice fed HFD reduced aortic atherosclerotic lesions and calcification which was accompanied by reduction of chondrogenesis and calcium deposition. Pam3CSK4 (Pam3), ligand of TLR2, induced SMC phenotypic switch to chondrocytes. Pretreatment with 5-MTP preserved SMC contractile proteins and blocked Pam3-induced chondrocyte differentiation and calcification. 5-MTP inhibited HFD-induced p38 MAPK activation in vivo and Pam3-induced p38 MAPK activation in SMCs. 5-MTP suppressed HFD-induced CREB activation in aortic tissues and Pam3-induced CREB and NF-κB activation in SMCs. Conclusions These findings suggest that 5-MTP is a vascular arsenal against atherosclerosis and calcification by inhibiting TLR2–mediated SMC phenotypic switch to chondrocytes and the consequent calcification. 5-MTP exerts these effects by blocking p38 MAPK activation and inhibiting CREB and NF-κB transactivation activity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-021-00771-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Lin Lee
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Lien Liao
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yiing Wu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Kenneth K Wu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan. .,College of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Chin Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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24
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Zhu YX, Huang JQ, Ming YY, Zhuang Z, Xia H. Screening of key biomarkers of tendinopathy based on bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259475. [PMID: 34714891 PMCID: PMC8555777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathy is a complex multifaceted tendinopathy often associated with overuse and with its high prevalence resulting in significant health care costs. At present, the pathogenesis and effective treatment of tendinopathy are still not sufficiently elucidated. The purpose of this research is to intensely explore the genes, functional pathways, and immune infiltration characteristics of the occurrence and development of tendinopathy. The gene expression profile of GSE106292, GSE26051 and GSE167226 are downloaded from GEO (NCBI comprehensive gene expression database) and analyzed by WGCNA software bag using R software, GSE26051, GSE167226 data set is combined to screen the differential gene analysis. We subsequently performed gene enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and "Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes" (KEGG), and immune cell infiltration analysis. By constructing the LASSO regression model, Support vector machine (SVM-REF) and Gaussian mixture model (GMMs) algorithms are used to screen, to identify early diagnostic genes. We have obtained a total of 171 DEGs through WGCNA analysis and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) screening. By GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, it is found that these dysregulated genes were related to mTOR, HIF-1, MAPK, NF-κB and VEGF signaling pathways. Immune infiltration analysis showed that M1 macrophages, activated mast cells and activated NK cells had infiltration significance. After analysis of THE LASSO SVM-REF and GMMs algorithms, we found that the gene MACROD1 may be a gene for early diagnosis. We identified the potential of tendon disease early diagnosis way and immune gene regulation MACROD1 key infiltration characteristics based on comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. These hub genes and functional pathways may as early biomarkers of tendon injuries and molecular therapy level target is used to guide drug and basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya xi Zhu
- District 1, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Yuhu District, Xiangtan City, Hunan Province, China
- Nanhua University, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jia qiang Huang
- District 1, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Yuhu District, Xiangtan City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu yang Ming
- Nanhua University, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Yuhu District, Xiangtan City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhao Zhuang
- Academy of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hong Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Yuhu District, Xiangtan City, Hunan Province, China
- * E-mail:
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25
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Lee CF, Carley RE, Butler CA, Morrison AR. Rac GTPase Signaling in Immune-Mediated Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis. Cells 2021; 10:2808. [PMID: 34831028 PMCID: PMC8616135 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease caused by atherosclerosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Data from preclinical and clinical studies support the belief that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease that is mediated by innate and adaptive immune signaling mechanisms. This review sought to highlight the role of Rac-mediated inflammatory signaling in the mechanisms driving atherosclerotic calcification. In addition, current clinical treatment strategies that are related to targeting hypercholesterolemia as a critical risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease are addressed in relation to the effects on Rac immune signaling and the implications for the future of targeting immune responses in the treatment of calcific atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cadence F. Lee
- Ocean State Research Institute, Inc., Providence VA Medical Center, Research (151), 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI 02908, USA; (C.F.L.); (R.E.C.); (C.A.B.)
- Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Rachel E. Carley
- Ocean State Research Institute, Inc., Providence VA Medical Center, Research (151), 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI 02908, USA; (C.F.L.); (R.E.C.); (C.A.B.)
- Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Celia A. Butler
- Ocean State Research Institute, Inc., Providence VA Medical Center, Research (151), 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI 02908, USA; (C.F.L.); (R.E.C.); (C.A.B.)
- Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Alan R. Morrison
- Ocean State Research Institute, Inc., Providence VA Medical Center, Research (151), 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI 02908, USA; (C.F.L.); (R.E.C.); (C.A.B.)
- Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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26
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Tintut Y, Honda HM, Demer LL. Biomolecules Orchestrating Cardiovascular Calcification. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101482. [PMID: 34680115 PMCID: PMC8533507 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification, once considered a degenerative, end-stage, and inevitable condition, is now recognized as a complex process regulated in a manner similar to skeletal bone at the molecular and cellular levels. Since the initial discovery of bone morphogenetic protein in calcified human atherosclerotic lesions, decades of research have now led to the recognition that the regulatory mechanisms and the biomolecules that control cardiovascular calcification overlap with those controlling skeletal mineralization. In this review, we focus on key biomolecules driving the ectopic calcification in the circulation and their regulation by metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory stimuli. Although calcium deposits in the vessel wall introduce rupture stress at their edges facing applied tensile stress, they simultaneously reduce rupture stress at the orthogonal edges, leaving the net risk of plaque rupture and consequent cardiac events depending on local material strength. A clinically important consequence of the shared mechanisms between the vascular and bone tissues is that therapeutic agents designed to inhibit vascular calcification may adversely affect skeletal mineralization and vice versa. Thus, it is essential to consider both systems when developing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Tintut
- Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.T.); (H.M.H.)
- Department of Physiology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Henry M. Honda
- Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.T.); (H.M.H.)
| | - Linda L. Demer
- Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.T.); (H.M.H.)
- Department of Physiology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(310)-206-2677
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27
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Sitagliptin attenuates arterial calcification by downregulating oxidative stress-induced receptor for advanced glycation end products in LDLR knockout mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17851. [PMID: 34497344 PMCID: PMC8426400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97361-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex disease characterized by hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Plasma advanced glycation end products (AGEs) activated the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and the activation of RAGE is implicated to be the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patient vascular complications. Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor, is a new oral hypoglycemic agent for the treatment of T2DM. However, the beneficial effects on vascular calcification remain unclear. In this study, we used a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed low-density lipoprotein receptor deficiency (LDLR−/−) mice model to investigate the potential effects of sitagliptin on HFD-induced arterial calcification. Mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) normal diet group, (2) HFD group and (3) HFD + sitagliptin group. After 24 weeks treatment, we collected the blood for chemistry parameters and DPP4 activity measurement, and harvested the aorta to evaluate calcification using immunohistochemistry and calcium content. To determine the effects of sitagliptin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α combined with S100A12 was used to induce oxidative stress, activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), up-regulation of bone markers and RAGE expression, and cell calcium deposition on human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). We found that sitagliptin effectively blunted the HFD-induced artery calcification and significantly lowered the levels of fasting serum glucose, triglyceride (TG), nitrotyrosine and TNF-α, decreased the calcium deposits, and reduced arterial calcification. In an in-vitro study, both S100A12 and TNF-α stimulated RAGE expression and cellular calcium deposits in HASMCs. The potency of S100A12 on HASMCs was amplified by the presence of TNF-α. Sitagliptin and Apocynin (APO), an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, inhibited the TNF-α + S100A12-induced NADPH oxidase and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation, cellular oxidative stress, RAGE expression, osteo transcription factors expression and calcium deposition. In addition, treatment with sitagliptin, knockdown of RAGE or TNF-α receptor blunted the TNF-α + S100A12-induced RAGE expression. Our findings suggest that sitagliptin may suppress the initiation and progression of arterial calcification by inhibiting the activation of NADPH oxidase and NF-κB, followed by decreasing the expression of RAGE.
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28
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Liu J, Liu C, Qian C, Abela G, Sun W, Kong X. Ginkgo Biloba Extract EGB761 Alleviates Warfarin-induced Aortic Valve Calcification Through the BMP2/Smad1/5/Runx2 Signaling Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:411-421. [PMID: 34132687 PMCID: PMC8440405 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Calcific aortic valve disease is a common heart disease that contributes to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. There is a lack of effective pharmaceutical therapy because its mechanisms are not yet fully known. Ginkgo biloba extract (EGB761) is reported to alleviate vascular calcification. However, whether EGB761 protects against aortic valve calcification, a disease whose pathogenesis shares many similarities with vascular calcification, and potential molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, porcine aortic valve interstitial cell (pAVIC) calcification was induced by warfarin with or without the presence of EGB761. Immunostaining was performed to establish and characterize the pAVIC phenotype. Calcium deposition and calcium content were examined by Alizarin Red S staining and an intracellular calcium content assay. Alkaline phosphatase activity was detected by the p-nitrophenyl phosphate method. The expression levels of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), homeobox protein MSX-2, and phosphorylated (p)-Smad1/5 were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analysis. Consistent with these in vitro data, we also confirmed the suppression of in vivo calcification by EGB761 in the warfarin-induced C57/Bl6 mice. The results indicated that both pAVICs and aortic valves tissue of mice stimulated with warfarin showed increased calcium deposition and expression of osteogenic markers (alkaline phosphatase, BMP2, homeobox protein MSX-2, and Runx2) and promoted p-Smad1/5 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. The addition of EGB761 significantly inhibited p-Smad1/5 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, thus suppressing calcification. In conclusion, EGB761 could ameliorate warfarin-induced aortic valve calcification through the inhibition of the BMP2-medicated Smad1/5/Runx2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuiying Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunqi Qian
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; and
| | - George Abela
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Michigan State University, Clinical Center, East Lansing, MI
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangqing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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29
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Zhang Y, Tang N, Zhou J. Intermedin1‑47 inhibits high phosphate‑induced vascular smooth muscle cell calcification by regulating Wnt/β‑catenin signaling. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:733. [PMID: 34414455 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and accounts for a large proportion of deaths from cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. The high incidence, rapid progression and irreversibility of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification in patients has attracted attention. In the present study, the effect of intermedin1‑47 (IMD1‑47), an important isoform of intermedin, was investigated on the calcification of rat cardiovascular VSMCs induced by high phosphate (HP). To stimulate osteoblast‑like differentiation and calcification in rat VSMCs, 10 mM β‑sodium glycerophosphate was used. The VSMCs were then treated with three doses of IMD1‑47 and the effects of IMD1‑47 on VSMC calcification, on the expression of osteogenic markers [osteoprotegerin, Runt‑related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteopontin (OPN)] and on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were assessed. HP treatment significantly enhanced the cellular calcium content of VSMCs, the expression of osteogenic markers, and ALP activity, while IMD1‑47 significantly reversed these effects in a dose‑dependent manner. The protein expression levels of Wnt1, Wnt3a and active β‑catenin were determined and it was found that IMD1‑47 significantly inhibited their expression. Following β‑catenin silencing, the protein expression levels Runx2 and OPN were increased compared with the IMD1‑47 treatment alone, indicating a role for the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway in the effects of IMD1‑47 on osteogenic markers. The present study suggested that IMD1‑47 inhibited HP‑induced VSMC calcification by regulating the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Fourth Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai 200042, P.R. China
| | - Naiwang Tang
- Department of Respiratory, Central Hospital of Xuhui District, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Jinjie Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Huangpu District, Shanghai 200002, P.R. China
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30
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Nie X, Wei X, Ma H, Fan L, Chen WD. The complex role of Wnt ligands in type 2 diabetes mellitus and related complications. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6479-6495. [PMID: 34042263 PMCID: PMC8278111 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the major chronic diseases, whose prevalence is increasing dramatically worldwide and can lead to a range of serious complications. Wnt ligands (Wnts) and their activating Wnt signalling pathways are closely involved in the regulation of various processes that are important for the occurrence and progression of T2DM and related complications. However, our understanding of their roles in these diseases is quite rudimentary due to the numerous family members of Wnts and conflicting effects via activating the canonical and/or non-canonical Wnt signalling pathways. In this review, we summarize the current findings on the expression pattern and exact role of each human Wnt in T2DM and related complications, including Wnt1, Wnt2, Wnt2b, Wnt3, Wnt3a, Wnt4, Wnt5a, Wnt5b, Wnt6, Wnt7a, Wnt7b, Wnt8a, Wnt8b, Wnt9a, Wnt9b, Wnt10a, Wnt10b, Wnt11 and Wnt16. Moreover, the role of main antagonists (sFRPs and WIF-1) and coreceptor (LRP6) of Wnts in T2DM and related complications and main challenges in designing Wnt-based therapeutic approaches for these diseases are discussed. We hope a deep understanding of the mechanistic links between Wnt signalling pathways and diabetic-related diseases will ultimately result in a better management of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Nie
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Han Ma
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lili Fan
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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31
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Sun JY, Hua Y, Shen H, Qu Q, Kan JY, Kong XQ, Sun W, Shen YY. Identification of key genes in calcific aortic valve disease via weighted gene co-expression network analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:135. [PMID: 34020624 PMCID: PMC8138987 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00989-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common subclass of valve heart disease in the elderly population and a primary cause of aortic valve stenosis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS The gene expression profiles of GSE83453, GSE51472, and GSE12644 were analyzed by 'limma' and 'weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA)' package in R to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and key modules associated with CAVD, respectively. Then, enrichment analysis was performed based on Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, DisGeNET, and TRRUST database. Protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the overlapped genes of DEGs and key modules, and we identified the top 5 hub genes by mixed character calculation. RESULTS We identified the blue and yellow modules as the key modules. Enrichment analysis showed that leukocyte migration, extracellular matrix, and extracellular matrix structural constituent were significantly enriched. SPP1, TNC, SCG2, FAM20A, and CD52 were identified as hub genes, and their expression levels in calcified or normal aortic valve samples were illustrated, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that SPP1, TNC, SCG2, FAM20A, and CD52 might be hub genes associated with CAVD. Further studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and provide potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yu Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Yang Hua
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Qiang Qu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Jun-Yan Kan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Xiang-Qing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China.
| | - Yue-Yun Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, 213300, China.
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32
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Borén J, Chapman MJ, Krauss RM, Packard CJ, Bentzon JF, Binder CJ, Daemen MJ, Demer LL, Hegele RA, Nicholls SJ, Nordestgaard BG, Watts GF, Bruckert E, Fazio S, Ference BA, Graham I, Horton JD, Landmesser U, Laufs U, Masana L, Pasterkamp G, Raal FJ, Ray KK, Schunkert H, Taskinen MR, van de Sluis B, Wiklund O, Tokgozoglu L, Catapano AL, Ginsberg HN. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: pathophysiological, genetic, and therapeutic insights: a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:2313-2330. [PMID: 32052833 PMCID: PMC7308544 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 712] [Impact Index Per Article: 237.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M John Chapman
- Endocrinology-Metabolism Division, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Department of Atherosclerosis Research, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute and UCSF, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Chris J Packard
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jacob F Bentzon
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Heart Diseases, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mat J Daemen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda L Demer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerald F Watts
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Lipid Disorders Clinic, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Eric Bruckert
- INSERM UMRS1166, Department of Endocrinology-Metabolism, ICAN - Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, AP-HP, Hopital de la Pitie, Paris, France
| | - Sergio Fazio
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center of Preventive Cardiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Brian A Ference
- Centre for Naturally Randomized Trials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jay D Horton
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Laufs
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luis Masana
- Research Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, IISPV, CIBERDEM, University Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Llorenç 21, Reus 43201, Spain
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederick J Raal
- Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kausik K Ray
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstr, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Olov Wiklund
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lale Tokgozoglu
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, and IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Henry N Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Kutikhin AG, Feenstra L, Kostyunin AE, Yuzhalin AE, Hillebrands JL, Krenning G. Calciprotein Particles: Balancing Mineral Homeostasis and Vascular Pathology. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1607-1624. [PMID: 33691479 PMCID: PMC8057528 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton G. Kutikhin
- Laboratory for Vascular Biology, Division of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation (A.G.K., A.E.K., A.E.Y.)
| | - Lian Feenstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology (L.F., J.-L.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology (L.F., G.K.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander E. Kostyunin
- Laboratory for Vascular Biology, Division of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation (A.G.K., A.E.K., A.E.Y.)
| | - Arseniy E. Yuzhalin
- Laboratory for Vascular Biology, Division of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation (A.G.K., A.E.K., A.E.Y.)
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology (L.F., J.-L.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Guido Krenning
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology (L.F., G.K.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Sulfateq B.V., Admiraal de Ruyterlaan 5, 9726 GN, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.K.)
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Hu CT, Shao YD, Liu YZ, Xiao X, Cheng ZB, Qu SL, Huang L, Zhang C. Oxidative stress in vascular calcification. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 519:101-110. [PMID: 33887264 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC), which is closely associated with significant mortality in cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and/or diabetes mellitus, is characterized by abnormal deposits of hydroxyapatite minerals in the arterial wall. The impact of oxidative stress (OS) on the onset and progression of VC has not been well described. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, xanthine oxidases, myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide synthases (NOSs), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and paraoxonases (PONs) are relevant factors that influence the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, excess ROS-induced OS has emerged as a critical mediator promoting VC through several mechanisms, including phosphate balance, differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), inflammation, DNA damage, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Because OS is a significant regulator of VC, antioxidants may be considered as novel treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Ting Hu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Medical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Duo Shao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Stomatology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhang Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Bin Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Stomatology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Lin Qu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Huang
- Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Canet-Soulas E, Bessueille L, Mechtouff L, Magne D. The Elusive Origin of Atherosclerotic Plaque Calcification. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:622736. [PMID: 33768090 PMCID: PMC7985066 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.622736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been known for decades or even centuries that arteries calcify as they age. Vascular calcification probably affects all adults, since virtually all have atherosclerotic plaques: an accumulation of lipids, inflammatory cells, necrotic debris, and calcium phosphate crystals. A high vascular calcium score is associated with a high cardiovascular mortality risk, and relatively recent data suggest that even microcalcifications that form in early plaques may destabilize plaques and trigger a cardiovascular event. If the cellular and molecular mechanisms of plaque calcification have been relatively well characterized in mice, human plaques appear to calcify through different mechanisms that remain obscure. In this context, we will first review articles reporting the location and features of early calcifications in human plaques and then review the articles that explored the mechanisms though which human and mouse plaques calcify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Bessueille
- ICBMS, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Laura Mechtouff
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Stroke Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - David Magne
- ICBMS, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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36
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Ong KL, McClelland RL, Allison MA, Cushman M, Garg PK, Tsai MY, Rye KA, Tabet F. Lipoprotein (a) and coronary artery calcification: prospective study assessing interactions with other risk factors. Metabolism 2021; 116:154706. [PMID: 33421505 PMCID: PMC7853621 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated plasma lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and coronary artery calcification (CAC) are established cardiovascular risk factors that correlate with each other. We hypothesized that other cardiovascular risk factors could affect their relationship. METHODS We tested for interactions of 24 study variables related to dyslipidemia, diabetes, insulin resistance, hypertension, inflammation and coagulation with baseline Lp(a) on change in CAC volume and density over 9.5 years in 5975 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants, free of apparent cardiovascular disease at baseline. RESULTS Elevated Lp(a) was associated with larger absolute increase in CAC volume (3.21 and 4.45 mm3/year higher for Lp(a) ≥30 versus <30 mg/dL, and Lp(a) ≥50 versus <50 mg/dL, respectively), but not relative change in CAC volume. No association was found with change in CAC density when assessing continuous ln-transformed Lp(a). The association between elevated Lp(a) (≥30 mg/dL) and absolute change in CAC volume was greater in participants with higher circulating levels of interleukin-2 soluble receptor α, soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 1 and fibrinogen (15.33, 11.81 and 7.02 mm3/year in quartile 4, compared to -3.44, -0.59 and 1.91 mm3/year in quartile 1, respectively). No significant interaction was found for other study variables. Similar interactions were seen when assessing Lp(a) levels ≥50 mg/dL. CONCLUSIONS Elevated Lp(a) was associated with an absolute increase in CAC volume, especially in participants with higher levels of selected markers of inflammation and coagulation. These results suggest Lp(a) as a potential biomarker for CAC volume progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok Leung Ong
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | | | - Matthew A Allison
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mary Cushman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Parveen K Garg
- Division of Cardiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fatiha Tabet
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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37
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Xiao X, Liu YZ, Cheng ZB, Sun JX, Shao YD, Qu SL, Huang L, Zhang C. Adipokines in vascular calcification. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 516:15-26. [PMID: 33476587 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT), a critical endocrine gland, is capable of producing and secreting abundant adipokines. Adipokines act on distant or adjacent organ tissues via paracrine, autocrine, and endocrine mechanism, which play attractive roles in the regulation of glycolipid metabolism and inflammatory response. Increasing evidence shows that adipokines can connect obesity with cardiovascular diseases by serving as promoters or inhibitors in vascular calcification. The chronic hypoxia in AT, caused by the adipocyte hypertrophy, is able to trigger imbalanced adipokine generation, which leads to apoptosis, osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), vascular inflammation, and abnormal deposition of calcium and phosphorus in the vessel wall. The objectives of this review aim at providing a brief summary of the crucial influence of major adipokines on the formation and development of vascular calcification, which may contribute to better understanding these adipokines for establishing the appropriate therapeutic strategies to counteract obesity-associated vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xiao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhang Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Bin Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Stomatology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xiang Sun
- Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Duo Shao
- Departments of Stomatology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Lin Qu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Huang
- Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China.
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38
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Boraldi F, Lofaro FD, Quaglino D. Apoptosis in the Extraosseous Calcification Process. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010131. [PMID: 33445441 PMCID: PMC7827519 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraosseous calcification is a pathologic mineralization process occurring in soft connective tissues (e.g., skin, vessels, tendons, and cartilage). It can take place on a genetic basis or as a consequence of acquired chronic diseases. In this last case, the etiology is multifactorial, including both extra- and intracellular mechanisms, such as the formation of membrane vesicles (e.g., matrix vesicles and apoptotic bodies), mitochondrial alterations, and oxidative stress. This review is an overview of extraosseous calcification mechanisms focusing on the relationships between apoptosis and mineralization in cartilage and vascular tissues, as these are the two tissues mostly affected by a number of age-related diseases having a progressively increased impact in Western Countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.D.L.); (D.Q.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Demetrio Lofaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.D.L.); (D.Q.)
| | - Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.D.L.); (D.Q.)
- Interuniversity Consortium for Biotechnologies (CIB), Italy
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Li W, Su SA, Chen J, Ma H, Xiang M. Emerging roles of fibroblasts in cardiovascular calcification. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:1808-1816. [PMID: 33369201 PMCID: PMC7882970 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular calcification, a kind of ectopic mineralization in cardiovascular system, including atherosclerotic calcification, arterial medial calcification, valve calcification and the gradually recognized heart muscle calcification, is a complex pathophysiological process correlated with poor prognosis. Although several cell types such as smooth muscle cells have been proven critical in vascular calcification, the aetiology of cardiovascular calcification remains to be clarified due to the diversity of cellular origin. Fibroblasts, which possess remarkable phenotypic plasticity that allows rapid adaption to fluctuating environment cues, have been demonstrated to play important roles in calcification of vasculature, valve and heart though our knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fibroblast phenotypic switching in the calcified process is far from complete. Indeed, the lack of definitive fibroblast lineage‐tracing studies and typical expression markers of fibroblasts raise major concerns regarding the contributions of fibroblasts during all the stages of cardiovascular calcification. The goal of this review was to rigorously summarize the current knowledge regarding possible phenotypes exhibited by fibroblasts within calcified cardiovascular system and evaluate the potential therapeutic targets that may control the phenotypic transition of fibroblasts in cardiovascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wudi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-An Su
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Levy DS, Grewal R, Le TH. Vitamin K deficiency: an emerging player in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification and an iatrogenic consequence of therapies in advanced renal disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F618-F623. [PMID: 32830534 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00278.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a known complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The prevalence of vascular calcification in patients with non-dialysis-dependent CKD stages 3-5 has been shown to be as high as 79% (20). Vascular calcification has been associated with increased risk for mortality, hospital admissions, and cardiovascular disease (6, 20, 50, 55). Alterations in mineral and bone metabolism play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification in CKD. As CKD progresses, levels of fibroblast growth factor-23, parathyroid hormone, and serum phosphorus increase and levels of 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D decrease. These imbalances have been linked to the development of vascular calcification. More recently, additional factors have been found to play a role in vascular calcification. Matrix G1a protein (MGP) in its carboxylated form (cMGP) is a potent inhibitor of vascular calcification. Importantly, carboxylation of MGP is dependent on the cofactor vitamin K. In patients with CKD, vitamin K deficiency is prevalent and is exacerbated by warfarin, which is frequently used for anticoagulation. Insufficient bioavailability of vitamin K reduces the amount of cMGP available, and, therefore, it may lead to increased risk of vascular calcification. In vitro studies have shown that in the setting of a high-phosphate environment and vitamin K antagonism, human aortic valve interstitial cells become calcified. In this article, we discuss the pathophysiological consequence of vitamin K deficiency in the setting of altered mineral and bone metabolism, its prevalence, and clinical implications in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Levy
- University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | | | - Thu H Le
- University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
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WNT-β-catenin signalling - a versatile player in kidney injury and repair. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 17:172-184. [PMID: 32989282 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-00343-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The WNT-β-catenin system is an evolutionary conserved signalling pathway that is of particular importance for morphogenesis and cell organization during embryogenesis. The system is usually suppressed in adulthood; however, it can be re-activated in organ injury and regeneration. WNT-deficient mice display severe kidney defects at birth. Transient WNT-β-catenin activation stimulates tissue regeneration after acute kidney injury, whereas sustained (uncontrolled) WNT-β-catenin signalling promotes kidney fibrosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD), podocyte injury and proteinuria, persistent tissue damage during acute kidney injury and cystic kidney diseases. Additionally, WNT-β-catenin signalling is involved in CKD-associated vascular calcification and mineral bone disease. The WNT-β-catenin pathway is tightly regulated, for example, by proteins of the Dickkopf (DKK) family. In particular, DKK3 is released by 'stressed' tubular epithelial cells; DKK3 drives kidney fibrosis and is associated with short-term risk of CKD progression and acute kidney injury. Thus, targeting the WNT-β-catenin pathway might represent a promising therapeutic strategy in kidney injury and associated complications.
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Fong F, Xian J, Demer LL, Tintut Y. Serotonin receptor type 2B activation augments TNF-α-induced matrix mineralization in murine valvular interstitial cells. J Cell Biochem 2020; 122:249-258. [PMID: 32901992 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Calcification, fibrosis, and chronic inflammation are the predominant features of calcific aortic valve disease, a life-threatening condition. Drugs that induce serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) are known to damage valves, and activated platelets, which carry peripheral serotonin, are known to promote calcific aortic valve stenosis. However, the role of 5-HT in valve leaflet pathology is not known. We tested whether serotonin mediates inflammation-induced matrix mineralization in valve cells. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that murine aortic valve interstitial cells (VICs) expressed both serotonin receptor types 2A and 2B (Htr2a and Htr2b). Although Htr2a expression was greater at baseline, Htr2b expression was induced several-fold more than Htr2a in response to the pro-calcific tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) treatment. 5-HT also augmented TNF-α-induced osteoblastic differentiation and matrix mineralization of VIC, but 5-HT alone had no effects. Inhibition of serotonin receptor type 2B, using specific inhibitors or lentiviral knockdown in VIC, attenuated 5-HT effects on TNF-α-induced osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization. 5-HT treatment also augmented TNF-α-induced matrix metalloproteinase-3 expression, which was also attenuated by Htr2b knockdown. Htr2b expression in aortic roots and serum levels of peripheral 5-HT were also greater in the hyperlipidemic Apoe-/- mice than in control normolipemic mice. These findings suggest a new role for serotonin signaling in inflammation-induced calcific valvulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Fong
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joshua Xian
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Linda L Demer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yin Tintut
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Takase N, Inden M, Hirai S, Yamada Y, Kurita H, Takeda M, Yamaguchi E, Itoh A, Hozumi I. The Novel gem-Dihydroperoxide 12AC3O Suppresses High Phosphate-Induced Calcification via Antioxidant Effects in p53LMAco1 Smooth Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4628. [PMID: 32610684 PMCID: PMC7369805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The excessive intake of phosphate (Pi), or chronic kidney disease (CKD), can cause hyperphosphatemia and eventually lead to ectopic calcification, resulting in cerebrovascular diseases. It has been reported that reactive oxygen species (ROS), induced by high concentrations of Pi loading, play a key role in vascular calcification. Therefore, ROS suppression may be a useful treatment strategy for vascular calcification. 12AC3O is a newly synthesized gem-dihydroperoxide (DHP) that has potent antioxidant effects. In the present study, we investigated whether 12AC3O inhibited vascular calcification via its antioxidative capacity. To examine whether 12AC3O prevents vascular calcification under high Pi conditions, we performed Alizarin red and von Kossa staining, using the mouse aortic smooth muscle cell line p53LMAco1. Additionally, the effect of 12AC3O against oxidative stress, induced by high concentrations of Pi loading, was investigated using redox- sensitive dyes. Further, the direct trapping effect of 12AC3O on reactive oxygen species (ROS) was investigated by ESR analysis. Although high concentrations of Pi loading exacerbated vascular smooth muscle calcification, calcium deposition was suppressed by the treatment of both antioxidants and 12AC3O, suggesting that the suppression of ROS may be a candidate therapeutic approach for treating vascular calcification induced by high concentrations of Pi loading. Importantly, 12AC3O also attenuated oxidative stress. Furthermore, 12AC3O directly trapped superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical. These results suggest that ROS are closely involved in high concentrations of Pi-induced vascular calcification and that 12AC3O inhibits vascular calcification by directly trapping ROS.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Calcification, Physiologic/drug effects
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Mice
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Peroxides/pharmacology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/drug therapy
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Takase
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, 1-1-1 Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (N.T.); (M.I.); (S.H.); (Y.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Masatoshi Inden
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, 1-1-1 Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (N.T.); (M.I.); (S.H.); (Y.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Shunsuke Hirai
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, 1-1-1 Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (N.T.); (M.I.); (S.H.); (Y.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Yumeka Yamada
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, 1-1-1 Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (N.T.); (M.I.); (S.H.); (Y.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Hisaka Kurita
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, 1-1-1 Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (N.T.); (M.I.); (S.H.); (Y.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Mitsumi Takeda
- Laboratory of Pharmaceuticals Synthetic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, 1-1-1 Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (M.T.); (E.Y.); (A.I.)
| | - Eiji Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceuticals Synthetic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, 1-1-1 Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (M.T.); (E.Y.); (A.I.)
| | - Akichika Itoh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceuticals Synthetic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, 1-1-1 Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (M.T.); (E.Y.); (A.I.)
| | - Isao Hozumi
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, 1-1-1 Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (N.T.); (M.I.); (S.H.); (Y.Y.); (H.K.)
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Evenepoel P, Dejongh S, Verbeke K, Meijers B. The Role of Gut Dysbiosis in the Bone-Vascular Axis in Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12050285. [PMID: 32365480 PMCID: PMC7290823 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12050285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk of bone mineral density loss and vascular calcification. Bone demineralization and vascular mineralization often concur in CKD, similar to what observed in the general population. This contradictory association is commonly referred to as the 'calcification paradox' or the bone-vascular axis. Mounting evidence indicates that CKD-associated gut dysbiosis may be involved in the pathogenesis of the bone-vascular axis. A disrupted intestinal barrier function, a metabolic shift from a predominant saccharolytic to a proteolytic fermentation pattern, and a decreased generation of vitamin K may, alone or in concert, drive a vascular and skeletal pathobiology in CKD patients. A better understanding of the role of gut dysbiosis in the bone-vascular axis may open avenues for novel therapeutics, including nutriceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Evenepoel
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, KU Leuven—University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-344591; Fax: +32-16-344599
| | - Sander Dejongh
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, KU Leuven—University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristin Verbeke
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven—University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Meijers
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, KU Leuven—University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Discoidin domain receptor 1-deletion ameliorates fibrosis and promotes adipose tissue beiging, brown fat activity, and increased metabolic rate in a mouse model of cardiometabolic disease. Mol Metab 2020; 39:101006. [PMID: 32360427 PMCID: PMC7242876 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is a collagen binding receptor tyrosine kinase implicated in atherosclerosis, fibrosis, and cancer. Our previous research showed that DDR1 could regulate smooth muscle cell trans-differentiation, fibrosis and calcification in the vascular system in cardiometabolic disease. This spectrum of activity led us to question whether DDR1 might also regulate adipose tissue fibrosis and remodeling. Methods We have used a diet-induced mouse model of cardiometabolic disease to determine whether DDR1 deletion impacts upon adipose tissue remodeling and metabolic dysfunction. Mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, followed by assessment of glucose and insulin tolerance, respiration via indirect calorimetry, and brown fat activity by FDG-PET. Results Feeding HFD induced DDR1 expression in white adipose tissue, which correlated with adipose tissue expansion and fibrosis. Ddr1−/− mice fed an HFD had improved glucose tolerance, reduced body fat, and increased brown fat activity and energy expenditure compared to Ddr1+/+ littermate controls. HFD-fed DDR1−/− mice also had reduced fibrosis, smaller adipocytes with multilocular lipid droplets, and increased UCP-1 expression characteristic of beige fat formation in subcutaneous adipose tissue. In vitro, studying C3H10T1/2 cells stimulated to differentiate, DDR1 inhibition caused a shift from white to beige adipocyte differentiation, whereas DDR1 expression was increased with TGFβ-mediated pro-fibrotic differentiation. Conclusion This study is the first to identify a role for DDR1 as a driver of adipose tissue fibrosis and suppressor of beneficial beige fat formation. DDR1 deletion results in decreased obesity, and increased energy expenditure and brown fat activity. DDR1 expression was increased in adipose and correlated with obesity and fibrosis. DDR1 deletion increased UCP-1 expression in brown and white fat in vivo, and in mesenchymal cells in vitro. Invitro studies suggest that DDR1 suppresses UCP-1 and drives pro-fibrotic differentiation of mesenchymal cells.
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Quaglino D, Boraldi F, Lofaro FD. The biology of vascular calcification. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 354:261-353. [PMID: 32475476 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC), characterized by different mineral deposits (i.e., carbonate apatite, whitlockite and hydroxyapatite) accumulating in blood vessels and valves, represents a relevant pathological process for the aging population and a life-threatening complication in acquired and in genetic diseases. Similarly to bone remodeling, VC is an actively regulated process in which many cells and molecules play a pivotal role. This review aims at: (i) describing the role of resident and circulating cells, of the extracellular environment and of positive and negative factors in driving the mineralization process; (ii) detailing the types of VC (i.e., intimal, medial and cardiac valve calcification); (iii) analyzing rare genetic diseases underlining the importance of altered pyrophosphate-dependent regulatory mechanisms; (iv) providing therapeutic options and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Park HJ, Kim Y, Kim MK, Hwang JJ, Kim HJ, Bae SK, Bae MK. Inhibition of Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Attenuates Phosphate-Induced Vascular Calcification. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030737. [PMID: 32192106 PMCID: PMC7140688 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is the pathological deposition of calcium/phosphate in the vascular system and is closely associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Here, we investigated the role of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) in phosphate-induced vascular calcification and its potential regulatory mechanism. We found that the silencing of GRP gene and treatment with the GRP receptor antagonist, RC-3095, attenuated the inorganic phosphate-induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). This attenuation was caused by inhibiting phenotype change, apoptosis and matrix vesicle release in VSMCs. Moreover, the treatment with RC-3095 effectively ameliorated phosphate-induced calcium deposition in rat aortas ex vivo and aortas of chronic kidney disease in mice in vivo. Therefore, the regulation of the GRP-GRP receptor axis may be a potential strategy for treatment of diseases associated with excessive vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Joo Park
- Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50610, Korea; (H.-J.P.); (Y.K.); (M.-K.K.)
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50610, Korea;
| | - Yeon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50610, Korea; (H.-J.P.); (Y.K.); (M.-K.K.)
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50610, Korea;
| | - Mi-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50610, Korea; (H.-J.P.); (Y.K.); (M.-K.K.)
| | - Jae Joon Hwang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan 50610, Korea;
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50610, Korea; (H.-J.P.); (Y.K.); (M.-K.K.)
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50610, Korea;
| | - Soo-Kyung Bae
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50610, Korea;
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50610, Korea
| | - Moon-Kyoung Bae
- Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50610, Korea; (H.-J.P.); (Y.K.); (M.-K.K.)
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50610, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-8239
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Zou Y, Ju X, Chen W, Yuan J, Wang Z, Aluko RE, He R. Rice bran attenuated obesity via alleviating dyslipidemia, browning of white adipocytes and modulating gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:2406-2417. [PMID: 32129359 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01524h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become an international public health problem. In this study, an obese mice diet was supplemented with raw rice bran (RRB) or infrared radiation-stabilized rice bran (IRRB) to investigate the attenuation of obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Mice were fed a normal diet or a high-fat diet with and without rice bran supplementation (300 mg per kg body weight per day) by oral gavage for 39 days to investigate the obesity preventive effect. The results indicate that different rice bran supplements reduced body weight, relative adipose tissue weight, inflammation, and serum parameters, and relieve liver steatosis to varying degrees. The data of real-time qPCR and western blots (WB) showed that rice bran activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) and increased white adipose tissue (WAT) browning. Rice bran also reduced the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and enhanced the relative abundance of Akkermansia. In summary, our findings suggest that rice bran intervention played a significant role in reducing dyslipidemia, alleviating inflammation, enhancing thermogenesis and modulating gut microbiota for the prevention and control of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Zou
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Passos LSA, Lupieri A, Becker-Greene D, Aikawa E. Innate and adaptive immunity in cardiovascular calcification. Atherosclerosis 2020; 306:59-67. [PMID: 32222287 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the focus placed on cardiovascular research, the prevalence of vascular and valvular calcification is increasing and remains a leading contributor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Accumulating studies provide evidence that cardiovascular calcification is an inflammatory disease in which innate immune signaling becomes sustained and/or excessive, shaping a deleterious adaptive response. The triggering immune factors and subsequent inflammatory events surrounding cardiovascular calcification remain poorly understood, despite sustained significant research interest and support in the field. Most studies on cardiovascular calcification focus on innate cells, particularly macrophages' ability to release pro-osteogenic cytokines and calcification-prone extracellular vesicles and apoptotic bodies. Even though substantial evidence demonstrates that macrophages are key components in triggering cardiovascular calcification, the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune cell components has not been adequately addressed. The only therapeutic options currently used are invasive procedures by surgery or transcatheter intervention. However, no approved drug has shown prophylactic or therapeutic effectiveness. Conventional diagnostic imaging is currently the best method for detecting, measuring, and assisting in the treatment of calcification. However, these common imaging modalities are unable to detect early subclinical stages of disease at the level of microcalcifications; therefore, the vast majority of patients are diagnosed when macrocalcifications are already established. In this review, we unravel the current knowledge of how innate and adaptive immunity regulate cardiovascular calcification; and put forward differences and similarities between vascular and valvular disease. Additionally, we highlight potential immunomodulatory drugs with the potential to target calcification and propose avenues in need of further translational inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia S A Passos
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Adrien Lupieri
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dakota Becker-Greene
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
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Ying J, Wang P, Ding Q, Shen J, O'Keefe RJ, Chen D, Tong P, Jin H. Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Therapy Does Not Improve Outcomes of Femoral Head Osteonecrosis With Cap-Shaped Separated Cartilage Defect. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:269-276. [PMID: 31520480 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A combination treatment with porous tantalum rod implantation and intra-arterial infusion of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) provides a promise for treating early and intermediate stages of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). However, its clinical indications and application restrictions remain unclear. This study aims to determine the clinical, histological, and radiological outcomes of a combination treatment using mechanical support and a targeted intra-arterial infusion of PBSCs for painful ONFH with a cap-shaped separation (CSS) cartilage defect. Compared with the standard pain management (control group), this combination treatment did not improve the Harris Hip Score (HHS) at 36 months. Micro-CT and histologic analyses showed severe focal destruction in all CSS-ONFH femoral heads in both the combination and control groups. Femoral heads showed a higher percentage of bone lesions in the combination treatment group than in the control group. There was no significant difference in osteoclast number in the subchondral bone areas between the two groups. A high level of expression of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, was detected in blood vessels around the subchondral bone in both groups. The RANKL/OPG (receptor activator of the nuclear factor-kB ligand/osteoprotegerin) ratio was also similar between the control and combination treatment groups. Our results indicate that this combination treatment is not an effective method for the treatment of patients with painful CSS-ONFH. Moreover, this combination treatment did not inhibit inflammatory osteoclastogenesis in patients with more advanced disease. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:269-276, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ying
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310053, China.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310053, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Pinger Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310053, China
| | - Quanwei Ding
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310053, China.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310053, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Regis J O'Keefe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, 60612
| | - Peijian Tong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongting Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310053, China
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