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Bloxham CJ, Hulme KD, Fierro F, Fercher C, Pegg CL, O'Brien SL, Foster SR, Short KR, Furness SGB, Reichelt ME, Niv MY, Thomas WG. Cardiac human bitter taste receptors contain naturally occurring variants that alter function. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 219:115932. [PMID: 37989413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (T2R) are a subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors that enable humans to detect aversive and toxic substances. The ability to discern bitter compounds varies between individuals and is attributed mainly to naturally occurring T2R polymorphisms. T2Rs are also expressed in numerous non-gustatory tissues, including the heart, indicating potential contributions to cardiovascular physiology. In this study. T2Rs that have previously been identified in human cardiac tissues (T2Rs - 10, 14, 30, 31, 46 and 50) and their naturally occurring polymorphisms were functionally characterised. The ligand-dependent signaling responses of some T2R variants were completely abolished (T2R30 Leu252 and T2R46 Met228), whereas other receptor variants had moderate changes in their maximal response, but not potency, relative to wild type. Using a cAMP fluorescent biosensor, we reveal the productive coupling of T2R14, but not the T2R14 Phe201 variant, to endogenous Gαi. Modeling revealed that these variants resulted in altered interactions that generally affected ligand binding (T2R30 Leu252) or Gα protein interactions (T2R46 Met228 and T2R14 Phe201), rather than receptor structural stability. Interestingly, this study is the first to show a difference in signaling for T2R50 Tyr203 (rs1376251) which has been associated with cardiovascular disease. The observation of naturally occurring functional variation in the T2Rs with the greatest expression in the heart is important, as their discovery should prove useful in deciphering the role of T2Rs within the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J Bloxham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia; Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Katina D Hulme
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia; Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fabrizio Fierro
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Christian Fercher
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Cassandra L Pegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Shannon L O'Brien
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R Foster
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Kirsty R Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Sebastian G B Furness
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa E Reichelt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Masha Y Niv
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Walter G Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia.
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Liu YW, Dong CL, Jiang X, Liu DY. Association of the LPA gene polymorphisms with coronary artery disease risk in the Xinjiang population of China: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36181. [PMID: 38050271 PMCID: PMC10695570 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein(a) is a well-known independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) and primarily determined by variation in the LPA gene coding for the apolipoprotein(a) moiety. Our study purpose was to evaluate the association between the human LPA gene polymorphisms and CAD in Han and Uyghur populations in Xinjiang, China. A case-control study was conducted with 831 Han people (392 CAD patients and 439 control subjects) and 829 Uygur people (513 CAD patients and 316 control subjects). All participants were genotyped for the same 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1801693, rs6923877, and rs9364559) of the LPA gene by a Real-time PCR instrument. In CAD patients, the levels of lipoprotein(a) were significantly higher in the Han population with the C/C genotype at the rs1801693 (P = .018) and the A/A genotype at the rs9364559 (P = .029) than in the Uyghur population. The polymorphisms rs1801693, rs6923877, and rs9364559 were found to be associated with CAD in the Han population. For men, the distribution of rs1801693 in genotypes, alleles and recessive model (CC vs CT + TT) showed a significant difference (all P < .05), and the difference in recessive model was retained after adjustment for covariates (odds ratio [OR]: 0.557, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.355-0.874, P = .011). But the distribution of rs6923877 in genotypes and dominant model (GG vs AG + AA) showed a significant difference (both P < .05) in both men and women, and the difference was kept in dominant model after adjustment (OR: 1.473, 95% CI:1.009-2.148, P = .045). For women, a significant difference was found in the distribution of rs9364559 in the alleles and dominant model (AA vs AG + GG) (for alleles: P = .021, for dominant model: P = .025, OR: 0.560, 95% CI:0.350-0.898, P = .016) after adjustment. Polymorphisms rs1801693, rs6923877, and rs9364559 of the LPA gene are associated with CAD in the Han population in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Liu
- Oncology-Cardiology Department, Xinjiang Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chun-Lan Dong
- Oncology-Cardiology Department, Xinjiang Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Pain Medicine Department, Xinjiang Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Deng-Yao Liu
- Interventional Consulting Department, Xinjiang Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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3
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Tanveer Y, Sanipini S, Khleif R, Tsenteradze T, Gapizov A, Grezenko H, Affaf M, Abdelaziz AM, Rehman A, Zia U, Jama H, Shehryar A, Mohsin SN, Ekhator C, Khan R. Transforming Medical Paradigms: A Cutting-Edge Review of Genomic and Robotic Medical and Surgical Approaches in the Battle Against Diabetes, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Issues. Cureus 2023; 15:e46998. [PMID: 37965396 PMCID: PMC10641027 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides an in-depth review of the current state of management for diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, focusing on advancements from genomics to robotics. It explores the role of genomic markers in personalized medicine, offering tailored treatment options for these chronic conditions. The article also examines the efficacy of various pharmacological and surgical interventions, including bariatric surgery for diabetes and device-based treatments for hypertension. A comparative analysis is presented to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and patient outcomes between medical and surgical approaches. The review concludes that while personalized medicine and minimally invasive surgical techniques show promise, more high-quality comparative research is needed. The ultimate goal is to integrate these emerging technologies within a framework of evidence-based medicine to improve patient outcomes and health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafeef Khleif
- Medical School, Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, ABW
| | - Tamar Tsenteradze
- General Surgery, Tbilisi State Medical Univerity, Tbilisi, GEO
- Cardiology, Tbilisi State Medical Univerity, Tbilisi, GEO
- Internal Medicine, Tbilisi State Medical Univerity, Tbilisi, GEO
| | - Abubakar Gapizov
- General Surgery, American University of Antigua, Saint George, ATG
| | - Han Grezenko
- Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, USA
| | - Maryam Affaf
- Internal Medicine, Women's Medical and Dental College, Abbotabad, PAK
| | - Ali M Abdelaziz
- Internal Medicine, Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, EGY
| | | | - Umar Zia
- Internal Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, PAK
| | - Huda Jama
- Internal Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, PAK
| | | | | | - Chukwuyem Ekhator
- Neuro-Oncology, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, USA
| | - Rehman Khan
- Internal Medicine, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, PAK
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4
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Beccacece L, Abondio P, Giorgetti A, Bini C, Pelletti G, Luiselli D, Pelotti S. A Genome-Wide Analysis of a Sudden Cardiac Death Cohort: Identifying Novel Target Variants in the Era of Molecular Autopsy. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1265. [PMID: 37372445 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is an unexpected natural death due to cardiac causes, usually happening within one hour of symptom manifestation or in individuals in good health up to 24 h before the event. Genomic screening has been increasingly applied as a useful approach to detecting the genetic variants that potentially contribute to SCD and helping the evaluation of SCD cases in the post-mortem setting. Our aim was to identify the genetic markers associated with SCD, which might enable its target screening and prevention. In this scope, a case-control analysis through the post-mortem genome-wide screening of 30 autopsy cases was performed. We identified a high number of novel genetic variants associated with SCD, of which 25 polymorphisms were consistent with a previous link to cardiovascular diseases. We ascertained that many genes have been already linked to cardiovascular system functioning and diseases and that the metabolisms most implicated in SCD are the lipid, cholesterol, arachidonic acid, and drug metabolisms, suggesting their roles as potential risk factors. Overall, the genetic variants pinpointed herein might be useful markers of SCD, but the novelty of these results requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Beccacece
- Computational Genomics Lab, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Abondio
- aDNA Lab, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Arianna Giorgetti
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Bini
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Guido Pelletti
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Donata Luiselli
- aDNA Lab, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Susi Pelotti
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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5
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Matveyenko A, Pavlyha M, Reyes-Soffer G. Supporting evidence for lipoprotein(a) measurements in clinical practice. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 37:101746. [PMID: 36828715 PMCID: PMC11014458 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2023.101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
High levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] are causal for development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and highly regulated by genetics. Levels are higher in Blacks compared to Whites, and in women compared to men. Lp(a)'s main protein components are apolipoprotein (apo) (a) and apoB100, the latter being the main component of Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) particles. Studies have identified Lp(a) to be associated with inflammatory, coagulation and wound healing pathways. Lack of validated and accepted assays to measure Lp(a), risk cutoff values, guidelines for diagnosis, and targeted therapies have added challenges to the field. Scientific efforts are ongoing to address these, including studies evaluating the cardiovascular benefits of decreasing Lp(a) levels with targeted apo(a) lowering treatments. This review will provide a synopsis of evidence-based effects of high Lp(a) on disease presentation, highlight available guidelines and discuss promising therapies in development. We will conclude with current clinical information and future research needs in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Matveyenko
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, P&S 10-501, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Marianna Pavlyha
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, P&S 10-501, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Gissette Reyes-Soffer
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, P&S 10-501, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Takagishi M, Yue Y, Gray RS, Verhey KJ, Wallingford JB. Kif6 regulates cilia motility and polarity in brain ependymal cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.15.528715. [PMID: 36824804 PMCID: PMC9948966 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.528715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Ependymal cells, lining brain ventricular walls, display tufts of cilia that beat in concert promoting laminar Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow within brain ventricles. The ciliary axonemes of multiciliated ependymal cells display a 9+2 microtubule array common to motile cilia. Dyneins and kinesins are ATPase microtubule motor proteins that promote the rhythmic beating of cilia axonemes. Despite common consensus about the importance of axonemal dynein motor proteins, little is known about how Kinesin motors contribute to cilia motility. Here, we define the function of Kinesin family member 6 (Kif6) using a mutation that lacks a highly conserved C-terminal tail domain ( Kif6 p.G555fs ) and which displays progressive hydrocephalus in mice. An analogous mutation was isolated in a proband displaying macrocephaly, hypotonia, and seizures implicating an evolutionarily conserved function for Kif6 in neurodevelopment. We find that loss of Kif6 function caused decreased ependymal cilia motility and subsequently decreased fluid flow on the surface of brain ventricular walls. Kif6 protein was localized at ependymal cilia and displayed processive motor movement (676 nm/s) on microtubules in vitro . Loss of the Kif6 C-terminal tail domain did not affect the initial ciliogenesis in vivo , but did result in defects in cilia orientation, the formation of robust apical actin networks, and stabilization of basal bodies at the apical surface. This suggests a novel role for the Kif6 motor in maintenance of ciliary homeostasis of ependymal cells. Summary statement We found that Kif6 is localized to the axonemes of ependymal cells. In vitro analysis shows that Kif6 moves on microtubules and that its loss mice decrease cilia motility and cilia-driven flow, resulting in hydrocephalus.
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7
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Velasco JJ, Li Y, Ziganshin BA, Zafar MA, Rizzo JA, Ma D, Zang H, Kalyanasundaram A, Elefteriades JA. KIF6 Trp719Arg Genetic Variant Increases Risk for Thoracic Aortic Dissection. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020252. [PMID: 36833179 PMCID: PMC9956195 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND KIF6 (kinesin family member 6), a protein coded by the KIF6 gene, serves an important intracellular function to transport organelles along microtubules. In a pilot study, we found that a common KIF6 Trp719Arg variant increased the propensity of thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) to suffer dissection (AD). The present study aims for a definite investigation of the predictive ability of KIF6 719Arg vis à vis AD. Confirmatory findings would enhance natural history prediction in TAA. METHODS 1108 subjects (899 aneurysm and 209 dissection patients) had KIF6 719Arg variant status determined. RESULTS The 719Arg variant in the KIF6 gene correlated strongly with occurrence of AD. Specifically, KIF6 719Arg positivity (homozygous or heterozygous) was substantially more common in dissectors (69.8%) than non-dissectors (58.5%) (p = 0.003). Odds ratios (OR) for suffering aortic dissection ranged from 1.77 to 1.94 for Arg carriers in various dissection categories. These high OR associations were noted for both ascending and descending aneurysms and for homozygous and heterozygous Arg variant patients. The rate of aortic dissection over time was significantly higher for carriers of the Arg allele (p = 0.004). Additionally, Arg allele carriers were more likely to reach the combined endpoint of dissection or death (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the marked adverse impact of the 719Arg variant of the KIF6 gene on the likelihood that a TAA patient will suffer aortic dissection. Clinical assessment of the variant status of this molecularly important gene may provide a valuable "non-size" criterion to enhance surgical decision making above and beyond the currently used metric of aortic size (diameter).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Velasco
- Aortic Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yupeng Li
- Department of Statistics, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Bulat A. Ziganshin
- Aortic Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Mohammad A. Zafar
- Aortic Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - John A. Rizzo
- Department of Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Deqiong Ma
- DNA Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Hui Zang
- DNA Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - John A. Elefteriades
- Aortic Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Correspondence:
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8
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Lacaze P, Bakshi A, Riaz M, Polekhina G, Owen A, Bhatia HS, Natarajan P, Wolfe R, Beilin L, Nicholls SJ, Watts GF, McNeil JJ, Tonkin AM, Tsimikas S. Aspirin for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Relation to Lipoprotein(a) Genotypes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 80:1287-1298. [PMID: 36175048 PMCID: PMC10025998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of aspirin in reducing lipoprotein(a)-mediated atherothrombotic events in primary prevention is not established. OBJECTIVES This study sought to assess whether low-dose aspirin benefits individuals with elevated plasma lipoprotein(a)-associated genotypes in the setting of primary prevention. METHODS The study analyzed 12,815 genotyped individuals ≥70 years of age of European ancestry and without prior cardiovascular disease events enrolled in the ASPREE (ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly) randomized controlled trial of 100 mg/d aspirin. We defined lipoprotein(a)-associated genotypes using rs3798220-C carrier status and quintiles of a lipoprotein(a) genomic risk score (LPA-GRS). We tested for interaction between genotypes and aspirin allocation in Cox proportional hazards models for incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and clinically significant bleeding. We also examined associations in the aspirin and placebo arms of the trial separately. RESULTS During a median 4.7 years (IQR: 3.6-5.7 years) of follow-up, 435 MACE occurred, with an interaction observed between rs3798220-C and aspirin allocation (P = 0.049). rs3798220-C carrier status was associated with increased MACE risk in the placebo group (HR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.11-3.24) but not in the aspirin group (HR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.17-1.70). High LPA-GRS (vs low) was associated with increased MACE risk in the placebo group (HR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.14-2.55), with risk attenuated in the aspirin group (HR: 1.41; 95% CI: 0.90-2.23), but the interaction was not statistically significant. In all participants, aspirin reduced MACE by 1.7 events per 1,000 person-years and increased clinically significant bleeding by 1.7 events per 1,000 person-years. However, in the rs3798220-C and high LPA-GRS subgroups, aspirin reduced MACE by 11.4 and 3.3 events per 1,000 person-years respectively, without significantly increased bleeding risk. CONCLUSIONS Aspirin may benefit older individuals with elevated lipoprotein(a) genotypes in primary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lacaze
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Moeen Riaz
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Galina Polekhina
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alice Owen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harpreet S Bhatia
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rory Wolfe
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lawrence Beilin
- Medical School Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gerald F Watts
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic, Cardiometabolic Service, Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Victoria Square, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John J McNeil
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew M Tonkin
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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9
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Zheng Y, Joyce B, Hwang SJ, Ma J, Liu L, Allen N, Krefman A, Wang J, Gao T, Nannini D, Zhang H, Jacobs DR, Gross M, Fornage M, Lewis CE, Schreiner PJ, Sidney S, Chen D, Greenland P, Levy D, Hou L, Lloyd-Jones D. Association of Cardiovascular Health Through Young Adulthood With Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Patterns in Midlife: The CARDIA Study. Circulation 2022; 146:94-109. [PMID: 35652342 PMCID: PMC9348746 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.055484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular health (CVH) from young adulthood is strongly associated with an individual's future risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and total mortality. Defining epigenomic biomarkers of lifelong CVH exposure and understanding their roles in CVD development may help develop preventive and therapeutic strategies for CVD. METHODS In 1085 CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) participants, we defined a clinical cumulative CVH score that combines body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and fasting glucose measured longitudinally from young adulthood through middle age over 20 years (mean age, 25-45). Blood DNA methylation at >840 000 methylation markers was measured twice over 5 years (mean age, 40 and 45). Epigenome-wide association analyses on the cumulative CVH score were performed in CARDIA and compared in the FHS (Framingham Heart Study). We used penalized regression to build a methylation-based risk score to evaluate the risk of incident coronary artery calcification and clinical CVD events. RESULTS We identified 45 methylation markers associated with cumulative CVH at false discovery rate <0.01 (P=4.7E-7-5.8E-17) in CARDIA and replicated in FHS. These associations were more pronounced with methylation measured at an older age. CPT1A, ABCG1, and SREBF1 appeared as the most prominent genes. The 45 methylation markers were mostly located in transcriptionally active chromatin and involved lipid metabolism, insulin secretion, and cytokine production pathways. Three methylation markers located in genes SARS1, SOCS3, and LINC-PINT statistically mediated 20.4% of the total effect between CVH and risk of incident coronary artery calcification. The methylation risk score added information and significantly (P=0.004) improved the discrimination capacity of coronary artery calcification status versus CVH score alone and showed association with risk of incident coronary artery calcification 5 to 10 years later independent of cumulative CVH score (odds ratio, 1.87; P=9.66E-09). The methylation risk score was also associated with incident clinical CVD in FHS (hazard ratio, 1.28; P=1.22E-05). CONCLUSIONS Cumulative CVH from young adulthood contributes to midlife epigenetic programming over time. Our findings demonstrate the role of epigenetic markers in response to CVH changes and highlight the potential of epigenomic markers for precision CVD prevention, and earlier detection of subclinical CVD, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian Joyce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiantao Ma
- Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lei Liu
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Norrina Allen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Amy Krefman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tao Gao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Drew Nannini
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Haixiang Zhang
- Center for Applied Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - David R. Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Myron Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cora E. Lewis
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Pamela J. Schreiner
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Philip Greenland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Donald Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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10
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Li D, Li Y, Yang S, Yu Z, Xing Y, Wu M. Mechanism and Potential Target of Blood-Activating Chinese Botanical Drugs Combined With Anti-Platelet Drugs: Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:811422. [PMID: 35721128 PMCID: PMC9204194 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.811422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs) are the most important diseases that endanger people’s health, leading to high morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition, various thrombotic events secondary to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases need must be considered seriously. Therefore, the development of novel anti-platelet drugs with high efficiency, and fewer adverse effects has become a research focus for preventing of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Blood-activation and stasis-removal from circulation have been widely considered as principles for treating syndromes related to CVDs. Blood-activating Chinese (BAC botanical drugs, as members of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), have shown to improve hemodynamics and hemorheology, and inhibit thrombosis and atherosclerosis. Modern medical research has identified that a combination of BAC botanical drugs and anti-platelet drugs, such as aspirin or clopidogrel, not only enhances the anti-platelet effects, but also reduces the risk of bleeding and protects the vascular endothelium. The anti-platelet mechanism of Blood-activating Chinese (BAC) botanical drugs and their compounds is not clear; therefore, their potential targets need to be explored. With the continuous development of bioinformatics and “omics” technology, some unconventional applications of BAC botanical drugs have been discovered. In this review, we will focus on the related targets and signaling pathways of anti-atherosclerotic treatments involving a combination of BAC botanical drugs and anti-platelet drugs reported in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Yang
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongliang Yu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Xing
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Impact of 719Trp>Arg Polymorphism of KIF 6 Gene on Contrast Induced Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography or Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Glob Heart 2022; 17:16. [PMID: 35342690 PMCID: PMC8896252 DOI: 10.5334/gh.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The identification of preventive strategies, such as statin therapy, is crucial for the management of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Several studies showed the association between KIF6 polymorphism (replacement of Trp719 with Arg) and an increased cardiovascular risk, while others showed a correlation between ‘pleiotropic’ effects of statins and a reduction in cardiovascular events in the population with the risk allele due to the documented modulation of response to statin by KIF6 polymorphism. Aim of this study is to assess the impact of KIF6 polymorphism on the development of CIN. Methods: We analysed 1253 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography/PCI. Serum creatinine was collected at baseline, 24 and 48 hours after contrast exposure. We identified the different allelic patterns and assessed the incidence of CIN (absolute increase of 0.5mg/dL or relative >25% in creatinine at 24 and 48h). Results: KIF6 Arg mutation was found in 669 patients (heterozygotes n = 525, homozygotes n = 144). The total prevalence of CIN was 12.5% and we did not find any association between KIF6 polymorphism and CIN development (11.3%, 13.7%, 13.2% p = 0.30). At subgroups analysis among statin ‘naïve’ patients we found a higher prevalence of CIN in homozygous patients as compared to wild-type (20.7% vs 11.3%, p = 0.05), while opposite results were observed among patients with statin therapy (8.6% vs 13.2%, p = 0.28). Conclusion: KIF6 homozygous Arg was associated with a significant increase in the risk of CIN only among statin naive patients. Future studies are needed to evaluate the beneficial effects of statin especially in this subset of patients.
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12
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Abstract
Bitter taste-sensing type 2 receptors (TAS2Rs or T2Rs), belonging to the subgroup of family A G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), are of crucial importance in the perception of bitterness. Although in the first instance, TAS2Rs were considered to be exclusively distributed in the apical microvilli of taste bud cells, numerous studies have detected these sensory receptor proteins in several extra-oral tissues, such as in pancreatic or ovarian tissues, as well as in their corresponding malignancies. Critical points of extra-oral TAS2Rs biology, such as their structure, roles, signaling transduction pathways, extensive mutational polymorphism, and molecular evolution, have been currently broadly studied. The TAS2R cascade, for instance, has been recently considered to be a pivotal modulator of a number of (patho)physiological processes, including adipogenesis or carcinogenesis. The latest advances in taste receptor biology further raise the possibility of utilizing TAS2Rs as a therapeutic target or as an informative index to predict treatment responses in various disorders. Thus, the focus of this review is to provide an update on the expression and molecular basis of TAS2Rs functions in distinct extra-oral tissues in health and disease. We shall also discuss the therapeutic potential of novel TAS2Rs targets, which are appealing due to their ligand selectivity, expression pattern, or pharmacological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Tuzim
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Korolczuk
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
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13
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Yang MY, Kim SK, Kim D, Liggett SB, Goddard WA. Structures and Agonist Binding Sites of Bitter Taste Receptor TAS2R5 Complexed with Gi Protein and Validated against Experiment. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9293-9300. [PMID: 34542294 PMCID: PMC8650975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) function in taste perception, but are also expressed in many extraoral tissues, presenting attractive therapeutic targets. TAS2R5s expressed on human airway smooth muscle cells can induce bronchodilation for treating asthma and other obstructive diseases. But TAS2R5s display low agonist affinity and the lack of a 3D structure has hindered efforts to design more active ligands. We report the structure of the activated TAS2R5 coupled to the Gi protein and bound to each of 19 agonists, using computational approaches. These agonists bind to two polar residues in TM3 that are unique for TAS2R5 among 25 TAS2R subtypes. Our predicted results correlate well with experimental results of agonist-receptor signaling coefficients, providing validation of the predicted structure. These results provide highly specific data on how agonists activate TAS2R5, how modifications of ligand structure alter receptor activation, and a guide to structure-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Young Yang
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125
| | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125
| | - Donghwa Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, 33602
| | - Stephen B. Liggett
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, 33602
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Medical Engineering, and Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, 33602
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125
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14
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Kane JP, Pullinger CR, Goldfine ID, Malloy MJ. Dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus: Role of lipoprotein species and interrelated pathways of lipid metabolism in diabetes mellitus. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 61:21-27. [PMID: 34562838 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complex disease. We are increasingly gaining a better understanding of its mechanisms at the molecular level. From these new insights, better therapeutic approaches should emerge. Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome with many associated subphenotypes. These include mitochondrial disorders, lipodystrophies, and inflammatory disorders involving cytokines. Levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate, which has recently been shown to play a role in glucose homeostasis, are low in diabetics, whereas levels of ceramides are increased. Major phenotypes associated with diabetes mellitus are dyslipidemias, notably hypertriglyceridemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Both diabetes and dyslipidemia are strongly associated with increased risk for atherosclerotic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Kane
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Clive R Pullinger
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
| | - Ira D Goldfine
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Mary J Malloy
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States
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15
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Kamstrup PR. Lipoprotein(a) and Cardiovascular Disease. Clin Chem 2021; 67:154-166. [PMID: 33236085 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High lipoprotein(a) concentrations present in 10%-20% of the population have long been linked to increased risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease. It is unclear whether high concentrations represent an unmet medical need. Lipoprotein(a) is currently not a target for treatment to prevent cardiovascular disease. CONTENT The present review summarizes evidence of causality for high lipoprotein(a) concentrations gained from large genetic epidemiologic studies and discusses measurements of lipoprotein(a) and future treatment options for high values found in an estimated >1 billion individuals worldwide. SUMMARY Evidence from mechanistic, observational, and genetic studies support a causal role of lipoprotein(a) in the development of cardiovascular disease, including coronary heart disease and peripheral arterial disease, as well as aortic valve stenosis, and likely also ischemic stroke. Effect sizes are most pronounced for myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease, and aortic valve stenosis where high lipoprotein(a) concentrations predict 2- to 3-fold increases in risk. Lipoprotein(a) measurements should be performed using well-validated assays with traceability to a recognized calibrator to ensure common cut-offs for high concentrations and risk assessment. Randomized cardiovascular outcome trials are needed to provide final evidence of causality and to assess the potential clinical benefit of novel, potent lipoprotein(a) lowering therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia R Kamstrup
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
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16
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Predicted structure of fully activated human bitter taste receptor TAS2R4 complexed with G protein and agonists. QRB DISCOVERY 2021. [PMID: 37529671 PMCID: PMC10392674 DOI: 10.1017/qrd.2021.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Bitter taste is sensed by bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) that belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. In addition to bitter taste perception, TAS2Rs have been reported recently to be expressed in many extraoral tissues and are now known to be involved in health and disease. Despite important roles of TAS2Rs in biological functions and diseases, no crystal structure is available to help understand the signal transduction mechanism or to help develop selective ligands as new therapeutic targets. We report here the three-dimensional structure of the fully activated TAS2R4 human bitter taste receptor predicted using the GEnSeMBLE complete sampling method. This TAS2R4 structure is coupled to the gustducin G protein and to each of several agonists. We find that the G protein couples to TAS2R4 by forming strong salt bridges to each of the three intracellular loops, orienting the activated Gα5 helix of the Gα subunit to interact extensively with the cytoplasmic region of the activated receptor. We find that the TAS2Rs exhibit unique motifs distinct from typical Class A GPCRs, leading to a distinct activation mechanism and a less stable inactive state. This fully activated bitter taste receptor complex structure provides insight into the signal transduction mechanism and into ligand binding to TAS2Rs.
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17
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Jeruzal-Świątecka J, Fendler W, Pietruszewska W. Clinical Role of Extraoral Bitter Taste Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5156. [PMID: 32708215 PMCID: PMC7404188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans can recognise five basic tastes: sweet, sour, salty, bitter and umami. Sour and salty substances are linked to ion channels, while sweet, bitter and umami flavours are transmitted through receptors linked to the G protein (G protein-coupled receptors; GPCRs). There are two main types of GPCRs that transmit information about sweet, umami and bitter tastes-the Tas1r and TAS2R families. There are about 25 functional TAS2R genes coding bitter taste receptor proteins. They are found not only in the mouth and throat, but also in the intestines, brain, bladder and lower and upper respiratory tract. The determination of their purpose in these locations has become an inspiration for much research. Their presence has also been confirmed in breast cancer cells, ovarian cancer cells and neuroblastoma, revealing a promising new oncological marker. Polymorphisms of TAS2R38 have been proven to have an influence on the course of chronic rhinosinusitis and upper airway defensive mechanisms. TAS2R receptors mediate the bronchodilatory effect in human airway smooth muscle, which may lead to the creation of another medicine group used in asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The discovery that functionally compromised TAS2R receptors negatively impact glucose homeostasis has produced a new area of diabetes research. In this article, we would like to focus on what facts have been already established in the matter of extraoral TAS2R receptors in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jeruzal-Świątecka
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wioletta Pietruszewska
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
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18
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Diet and Lp(a): Does Dietary Change Modify Residual Cardiovascular Risk Conferred by Lp(a)? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072024. [PMID: 32646066 PMCID: PMC7400957 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an independent, causal, genetically determined risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We provide an overview of current knowledge on Lp(a) and CVD risk, and the effect of pharmacological agents on Lp(a). Since evidence is accumulating that diet modulates Lp(a), the focus of this paper is on the effect of dietary intervention on Lp(a). We identified seven trials with 15 comparisons of the effect of saturated fat (SFA) replacement on Lp(a). While replacement of SFA with carbohydrate, monounsaturated fat (MUFA), or polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) consistently lowered low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), heterogeneity in the Lp(a) response was observed. In two trials, Lp(a) increased with carbohydrate replacement; one trial showed no effect and another showed Lp(a) lowering. MUFA replacement increased Lp(a) in three trials; three trials showed no effect and one showed lowering. PUFA or PUFA + MUFA inconsistently affected Lp(a) in four trials. Seven trials of diets with differing macronutrient compositions showed similar divergence in the effect on LDL-C and Lp(a). The identified clinical trials show diet modestly affects Lp(a) and often in the opposing direction to LDL-C. Further research is needed to understand how diet affects Lp(a) and its properties, and the lack of concordance between diet-induced LDL-C and Lp(a) changes.
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19
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Bloxham CJ, Foster SR, Thomas WG. A Bitter Taste in Your Heart. Front Physiol 2020; 11:431. [PMID: 32457649 PMCID: PMC7225360 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome contains ∼29 bitter taste receptors (T2Rs), which are responsible for detecting thousands of bitter ligands, including toxic and aversive compounds. This sentinel function varies between individuals and is underpinned by naturally occurring T2R polymorphisms, which have also been associated with disease. Recent studies have reported the expression of T2Rs and their downstream signaling components within non-gustatory tissues, including the heart. Though the precise role of T2Rs in the heart remains unclear, evidence points toward a role in cardiac contractility and overall vascular tone. In this review, we summarize the extra-oral expression of T2Rs, focusing on evidence for expression in heart; we speculate on the range of potential ligands that may activate them; we define the possible signaling pathways they activate; and we argue that their discovery in heart predicts an, as yet, unappreciated cardiac physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J Bloxham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon R Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Walter G Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Changes in MicroRNA Expression Level of Circulating Platelets Contribute to Platelet Defect After Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Crit Care Med 2019; 46:e761-e767. [PMID: 29742582 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000003197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Platelet defect mechanisms after cardiopulmonary bypass remain unclear. Our hypothesis microRNA expressions in circulating platelets significantly change between pre and post cardiopulmonary bypass, and consequent messenger RNA and protein expression level alterations cause postcardiopulmonary bypass platelet defect. DESIGN Single-center prospective observational study. SETTING Operating room of Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine. PATIENTS Twenty-five adult patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgeries under cardiopulmonary bypass. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In the initial phase, changes in microRNA expression between pre and post cardiopulmonary bypass underwent next generation sequencing analysis (10 patients). Based on the results, we focused on changes in mir-10b and mir-96, which regulate glycoprotein 1b and vesicle-associated membrane protein 8, respectively, and followed them until messenger RNA and protein syntheses (15 patients) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Seven microRNAs including mir-10b and mir-96 exhibited significant differences in the initial phase. In the subsequent phase, mir-10b-5p and mir-96-5p overexpressions were confirmed, and glycoprotein 1b and vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 messenger RNA levels were significantly decreased after cardiopulmonary bypass: fold differences (95% CI): mir-10b-5p: 1.35 (1.05-2.85), p value equals to 0.01; mir-96-5p: 1.59 (1.06-2.13), p value equals to 0.03; glycoprotein 1b messenger RNA: 0.46 (0.32-0.60), p value of less than 0.001; and vesicle-associated membrane protein messenger RNA: 0.70 (0.56-0.84), p value of less than 0.001. Glycoprotein 1b and vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 were also significantly decreased after cardiopulmonary bypass: glycoprotein 1b: 82.6% (71.3-93.8%), p value equals to 0.005; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8: 79.0% (70.7-82.3%), p value of less than 0.001. CONCLUSIONS Expressions of several microRNAs in circulating platelets significantly changed between pre and post cardiopulmonary bypass. Overexpressions of mir-10b and mir-96 decreased glycoprotein 1b and vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 messenger RNA as well as protein, possibly causing platelet defect after cardiopulmonary bypass.
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21
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Alterations in platelet secretion differentially affect thrombosis and hemostasis. Blood Adv 2019; 2:2187-2198. [PMID: 30185436 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018019166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We genetically manipulated the major platelet vesicle-associated membrane proteins (VAMP2, VAMP3, and VAMP8) to create mice with varying degrees of disrupted platelet secretion. As previously shown, loss of VAMP8 reduced granule secretion, and this defect was exacerbated by further deletion of VAMP2 and VAMP3. VAMP2Δ3Δ8-/- platelets also had reduced VAMP7. Loss of VAMP2 and VAMP3 (VAMP2Δ3Δ) had a minimal impact on secretion when VAMP7 and VAMP8 were present. Integrin αIIbβ3 activation and aggregation were not affected, although spreading was reduced in VAMP2Δ3Δ8-/- platelets. Using these mice as tools, we asked how much secretion is needed for proper thrombosis and hemostasis in vivo. VAMP2Δ3Δ mice showed no deficiency, whereas VAMP8-/- mice had attenuated formation of occlusive thrombi upon FeCl3-induced arterial injury but no excessive bleeding upon tail transection. VAMP2Δ3Δ8-/- mice bled profusely and failed to form occlusive thrombi. Plasma-coagulation factors were normal in all of the strains, but phosphatidylserine exposure was reduced in VAMP2Δ3Δ and VAMP2Δ3Δ8-/- platelets. From our data, an ∼40% to 50% reduction in platelet secretion in vitro (dense and α granule) correlated with reduced occlusive thrombosis but no compromise in hemostasis. At a >50% reduction, thrombosis and hemostasis were defective in vivo. Our studies are the first systematic manipulation of platelet exocytic machinery to demonstrate a quantitative linkage between in vitro platelet secretion and hemostasis and thrombosis in vivo. The animals described will be invaluable tools for future investigations into how platelet secretion affects other vascular processes.
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Llobet D, Vallvé C, Tirado I, Vilalta N, Murillo J, Cuevas B, Román L, Carrasco M, Oliver A, Mateo J, Fontcuberta J, Souto JC. VAMP8 and serotonin transporter levels are associated with venous thrombosis risk in a Spanish female population. Results from the RETROVE Project. Thromb Res 2019; 181:99-105. [PMID: 31382081 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Platelet hyper-reactivity has been associated with thrombosis and high levels of human vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 (VAMP8) and serotonin transporter (SERT). Two polymorphisms (rs1010 of VAMP8 gene and in SERT gene (SLC6A4)) are associated with arterial thrombosis. AIM To determine if levels of serotonin, SERT and/or VAMP8 and these polymorphisms are associated with the risk of venous thrombosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 324 individuals were included in the RETROVE Study (Riesgo de Enfermedad TROmboembólica VEnosa). VAMP8, SERT and serotonin were determined by ELISA; polymorphisms of SLC6A4 and VAMP8 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real time PCR. The venous thrombotic risk was calculated by a logistic regression method to estimate the crude and adjusted OR (adjusted for sex, age, body mass index and venous thrombosis risk co-factors). RESULTS Statistically significant high levels of VAMP8 and SERT were found in patients, but not in controls. In contrast, serotonin showed lower levels in patients than in controls. When individuals were studied by gender, only women exhibited a statistically significant difference: the OR for VAMP8 was 3.25 (1.61-6.56 95% CI). The adjusted OR did not change. The OR for SERT was 2.76 (1.36-5.60 95% CI), the adjusted OR was maintained also. For serotonin with OR of 2.62 (1.40-4.92 95% CI), the adjusted OR was not significant. In contrast males did not show significant differences. No statistically differences between patients and controls were found for both polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS VAMP8 and SERT levels are associated with venous thrombosis in a female Spanish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolors Llobet
- Unitat de Hemostàsia i Trombosi, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Vallvé
- Unitat de Hemostàsia i Trombosi, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Tirado
- Unitat de Hemostàsia i Trombosi, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noèlia Vilalta
- Unitat de Hemostàsia i Trombosi, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Murillo
- Unitat de Hemostàsia i Trombosi, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Biel Cuevas
- Unitat de Hemostàsia i Trombosi, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Román
- Unitat de Hemostàsia i Trombosi, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Carrasco
- Unitat de Hemostàsia i Trombosi, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Artur Oliver
- Haematology Department, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Mateo
- Unitat de Hemostàsia i Trombosi, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Fontcuberta
- Unitat de Hemostàsia i Trombosi, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Souto
- Unitat de Hemostàsia i Trombosi, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Sjögren M, Almgren P, Melander O. Polygenetic risk for coronary artery disease increases hospitalization burden and mortality. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2019; 24:100391. [PMID: 31360760 PMCID: PMC6639589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2019.100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death worldwide and increasing cost for society. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified common variants associated with CAD. Combining single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) into a genetic risk score (GRS) can estimate an individual's genetic burden. Objectives To investigate whether GRS for CAD can predict hospitalization and mortality. Methods 23,594 individuals without CAD at baseline and with full data for all covariates from the population based prospective study Malmö diet and cancer study were investigated. The association between hospitalizations was calculated by negative binomial regression and risk of mortality was calculated by Cox proportional hazards regression. The GRS was constructed from 50 SNPs. Results The study population was divided into quintiles according to the value of GRS. During the mean follow-up time of 17.8 years, 17,254 individuals were hospitalized at least once. Individuals in the highest quintile of GRS were hospitalized 10% more often than individuals in the lowest quintile (IRR: 1.10 [95% CI 1.04–1.16], p = 0.001), mainly for cardiovascular reasons (IRR: 1.31 [95% CI 1.20–1.43], p = 5.17 × 10−10). These individuals had highly increased risk of CVD mortality (HR: 1.44 [1.25–1.66], p = 6.56 × 10−7) but not the risk of mortality due to other causes. Conclusion Our results suggest that genetic predisposition for CAD can predict hospitalization burden and mortality, especially due to cardiovascular causes, independently of traditional risk factors. As the risk conferred by the GRS is partially modifiable, our results may help to reduce societal costs, individual suffering and prolong life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Sjögren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Peter Almgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
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Kok BP, Galmozzi A, Littlejohn NK, Albert V, Godio C, Kim W, Kim SM, Bland JS, Grayson N, Fang M, Meyerhof W, Siuzdak G, Srinivasan S, Behrens M, Saez E. Intestinal bitter taste receptor activation alters hormone secretion and imparts metabolic benefits. Mol Metab 2018; 16:76-87. [PMID: 30120064 PMCID: PMC6158035 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extracts of the hops plant have been shown to reduce weight and insulin resistance in rodents and humans, but elucidation of the mechanisms responsible for these benefits has been hindered by the use of heterogeneous hops-derived mixtures. Because hop extracts are used as flavoring agents for their bitter properties, we hypothesized that bitter taste receptors (Tas2rs) could be mediating their beneficial effects in metabolic disease. Studies have shown that exposure of cultured enteroendocrine cells to bitter tastants can stimulate release of hormones, including glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). These findings have led to the suggestion that activation of Tas2rs may be of benefit in diabetes, but this tenet has not been tested. Here, we have assessed the ability of a pure derivative of a hops isohumulone with anti-diabetic properties, KDT501, to signal through Tas2rs. We have further used this compound as a tool to systematically assess the impact of bitter taste receptor activation in obesity-diabetes. METHODS KDT501 was tested in a panel of bitter taste receptor signaling assays. Diet-induced obese mice (DIO) were dosed orally with KDT501 and acute effects on glucose homeostasis determined. A wide range of metabolic parameters were evaluated in DIO mice chronically treated with KDT501 to establish the full impact of activating gut bitter taste signaling. RESULTS We show that KDT501 signals through Tas2r108, one of 35 mouse Tas2rs. In DIO mice, acute treatment stimulated GLP-1 secretion and enhanced glucose tolerance. Chronic treatment caused weight and fat mass loss, increased energy expenditure, enhanced glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, normalized plasma lipids, and induced broad suppression of inflammatory markers. Chronic KDT501 treatment altered enteroendocrine hormone levels and bile acid homeostasis and stimulated sustained GLP-1 release. Combined treatment with a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor amplified the incretin-based benefits of this pure isohumulone. CONCLUSIONS Activation of Tas2r108 in the gut results in a remodeling of enteroendocrine hormone release and bile acid metabolism that ameliorates multiple features of metabolic syndrome. Targeting extraoral bitter taste receptors may be useful in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeffrey S Bland
- Kindex Pharmaceuticals, 800 Fifth Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Neile Grayson
- Kindex Pharmaceuticals, 800 Fifth Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Mingliang Fang
- Center for Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Wolfgang Meyerhof
- Department of Molecular Genetics, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- Center for Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Maik Behrens
- Department of Molecular Genetics, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Interactions between Bitter Taste, Diet and Dysbiosis: Consequences for Appetite and Obesity. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101336. [PMID: 30241292 PMCID: PMC6213475 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The type 2 family of taste receptors (T2Rs) detect and respond to bitter tastants. These receptors are expressed throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, with location dependant roles. In the oral cavity, T2Rs are involved in the conscious perception of bitter tastants, while in the lower GI tract they have roles in chemoreception and regulation of GI function. Through these diverse roles, these receptors may be involved in modulating appetite and diet, with consequences for weight regulation and obesity. Interestingly, the concentration of T2Rs in the GI tract is greatest in the large intestine, the organ with the densest colonisation of bacteria. The gut microbiome has been the subject of intense research, as a plethora of roles linking microbiota to human health continue to be uncovered. Of particular interest is the microbial signature associated with obesity. Obesity is a leading health concern, and advances in our understanding of this disease are needed. Diet is a known modifiable factor in the development of obesity. However, diet only partially explains disease risk. Changes in microbial energy harvesting by the microbiota plays a role in obesity, and the composition of these energy harvesting populations may be controlled by taste receptors. This review explores T2Rs as a potential link between obesity and the human GI microbiome.
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Hindy G, Wiberg F, Almgren P, Melander O, Orho-Melander M. Polygenic Risk Score for Coronary Heart Disease Modifies the Elevated Risk by Cigarette Smoking for Disease Incidence. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2018; 11:e001856. [PMID: 29874179 PMCID: PMC6319562 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.117.001856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a multifactorial disease with both genetic and environmental components. Smoking is the most important modifiable risk factor for CHD. Our aim was to test whether the increased CHD incidence by smoking is modified by genetic predisposition to CHD. METHODS AND RESULTS Our study included 24 443 individuals from the MDCS (Malmö Diet and Cancer Study). A weighted polygenic risk score (PRS) was created by summing the number of risk alleles for 50 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with CHD. Individuals were classified as current, former, or never smokers. Interactions were primarily tested between smoking status and PRS and secondarily with individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Then, the predictive use of PRS for CHD incidence was tested among different smoking categories. During a median follow-up time of 19.4 years, 3217 incident CHD cases were recorded. The association between smoking and CHD was modified by the PRS (Pinteraction=0.005). The magnitude of increased incidence of CHD by smoking was highest among individuals in the lowest tertile of PRS (odds ratio, 1.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-1.56 per smoking risk category) compared with the highest tertile (odds ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.30 per smoking risk category). This interaction was stronger among men (Pinteraction=0.001) compared with women (Pinteraction=0.44). The PRS provided a significantly better net reclassification and discrimination on top of traditional risk factors among never smokers compared with current smokers (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Genetic predisposition to CHD modifies the associated increased CHD risk by smoking. The PRS has a better predictive use among never smokers compared with smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hindy
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden (G.H., F.W., P.A., O.M., M.O.-M.); and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (G.H.)
| | - Frans Wiberg
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden (G.H., F.W., P.A., O.M., M.O.-M.); and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (G.H.)
| | - Peter Almgren
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden (G.H., F.W., P.A., O.M., M.O.-M.); and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (G.H.)
| | - Olle Melander
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden (G.H., F.W., P.A., O.M., M.O.-M.); and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (G.H.)
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden (G.H., F.W., P.A., O.M., M.O.-M.); and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (G.H.).
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Angelini S, Rosticci M, Massimo G, Musti M, Ravegnini G, Consolini N, Sammarini G, D'Addato S, Rizzoli E, Botbayev D, Borghi C, Cantelli-Forti G, Cicero AF, Hrelia P. Relationship between Lipid Phenotypes, Overweight, Lipid Lowering Drug Response and KIF6 and HMG-CoA Genotypes in a Subset of the Brisighella Heart Study Population. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010049. [PMID: 29295555 PMCID: PMC5795999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of genetic traits might explain the susceptibility to develop hypercholesterolemia and the inter-individual differences in statin response. This study was performed to evaluate whether individuals' polymorphisms in HMG-CoA and KIF6 genes are independently associated with hypercholesterolemia, other lipid-associated traits, and statin response in unselected individuals enrolled in the Brisighella heart study (Survey 2012). A total of 1622 individuals, of which 183 under statin medication, were genotyped for a total of five polymorphisms (KIF6 rs20455, rs9471077, rs9462535; HMG-CoA rs3761740, rs3846662). The relationships between the five loci and clinical characteristics were analyzed. The principal basic parameters calculated on 12 h fasting blood included total cholesterol (TC), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG). Hypercholesterolemia was defined as a TC >200 mg/dL or use of lipid-lowering medication. 965 individuals were characterized by hypercholesterolemia; these subjects were significantly older (p < 0.001), with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to the others. HMG-CoA rs3846662 GG genotype was significantly over-represented in the hypercholesterolemic group (p = 0.030). HMG-CoA rs3846662 genotype was associated with the level of TC and LDL-C. Furthermore, in the same subset of untreated subjects, we observed a significant correlation between the KIF6 rs20455 and HDL-C. KIF6 variants were associated with a significantly lower (rs20455) or higher (rs9471077 and rs9462535) risk of obesity, in males only. No association between responsiveness to statins and the polymorphisms under investigation were observed. Our results showed associations between HMG-CoA rs3846662 and KIF6 rs20455 and lipid phenotypes, which may have an influence on dyslipidemia-related events. Moreover, this represents the first study implicating KIF6 variants with obesity in men, and point to the possible involvement of this genetic locus in the known gender-related differences in coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Angelini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, via Irnerio 48, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Martina Rosticci
- Department of Medical and Surgical, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gianmichele Massimo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, via Irnerio 48, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- Department of Medical and Surgical, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Muriel Musti
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiological Service, Local Health Authority of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gloria Ravegnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, via Irnerio 48, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nicola Consolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, via Irnerio 48, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giulia Sammarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, via Irnerio 48, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sergio D'Addato
- Department of Medical and Surgical, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Rizzoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Dauren Botbayev
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, via Irnerio 48, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Кazakh National University Named after al-Farabi, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Department of Medical and Surgical, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Cantelli-Forti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Corso d'Augusto 237, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy.
| | - Arrigo F Cicero
- Department of Medical and Surgical, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, via Irnerio 48, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Risso DS, Giuliani C, Antinucci M, Morini G, Garagnani P, Tofanelli S, Luiselli D. A bio-cultural approach to the study of food choice: The contribution of taste genetics, population and culture. Appetite 2017; 114:240-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Svensson T, Kitlinski M, Engström G, Melander O. A genetic risk score for CAD, psychological stress, and their interaction as predictors of CAD, fatal MI, non-fatal MI and cardiovascular death. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176029. [PMID: 28426714 PMCID: PMC5398707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psychological stress is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the mechanism by which stress is associated with CVD is not entirely understood. Although genetic factors are implied in both stress responsivity and cardiovascular reactivity, no studies to date have investigated their interactions with stress for cardiovascular end points. The objective was to elucidate the association and interactions between a genetic risk score (GRS), individual genetic variants and stress for three cardiovascular end points: coronary artery disease (CAD), fatal myocardial infarction (MI), non-fatal MI, and cardiovascular death. Methods and findings 18,559 participants from the Malmö Diet Cancer Study, a population-based prospective study, were included in the analyses. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used and adjusted for a large number of known predictors of cardiovascular end points. Mean follow-up time in years was 14.6 (CAD; n = 1938), 14.8 (fatal MI; n = 436), 14.8 (non-fatal MI; n = 1108), and 15.1 (cardiovascular death; n = 1071) respectively. GRS was significantly associated with increased risks of CAD (top quartile hazard ratio [HR], 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51–1.96), fatal MI (top quartile HR, 1.62; 95%CI, 1.23–2.15), non-fatal MI (top quartile HR, 1.55; 95%CI, 1.31–1.84), and cardiovascular death (top quartile HR, 1.29; 95%CI, 1.08–1.53). Stress was not independently associated with any end point and did not interact with GRS. Four individual genetic variants interacted unfavorably with stress for end points with mortality outcomes. Conclusion A GRS composed of 50 SNPs and predictive of CAD was found for the first time to also strongly predict fatal MI, non-fatal MI and cardiovascular death. A stress-sensitive component of the GRS was isolated on the basis of individual genetic variants that interacted unfavorably with stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Svensson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariusz Kitlinski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Li S, Xu C, Tian Y, Wang X, Jiang R, Zhang M, Wang L, Yang G, Gao Y, Song C, He Y, Zhang Y, Li J, Li WD. TOX and ADIPOQ Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain in Han Chinese. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45203. [PMID: 28327672 PMCID: PMC5361121 DOI: 10.1038/srep45203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To find the genetic markers related to the antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG), we analyzed associations among candidate gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and quantitative traits of weight changes and lipid profiles in a Chinese Han population. A total of 339 schizophrenic patients, including 86 first-episode patients (FEPs), meeting the entry criteria were collected. All patients received atypical antipsychotic drug monotherapy and hospitalization and were followed for 12 weeks. Forty-three SNPs in 23 candidate genes were calculated for quantitative genetic association with AIWG, performed by PLINK. The TOX gene SNP rs11777927 (P = 0.009) and the ADIPOQ gene SNP rs182052 (P = 0.019) were associated with AIWG (in body mass index, BMI). In addition, the BDNF SNP rs6265 (P = 0.002), BDAF SNP rs11030104 SNP (P = 0.001), and ADIPOQ SNPs rs822396 (P = 0.003) were significantly associated with the change of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) induced by atypical antipsychotics. These results were still significant after age and gender adjustments. These findings provide preliminary evidence supporting the role of TOX, ADIPOQ and BDNF in weight and WHR gain induced by atypical antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Li
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Chengai Xu
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Tianjin Mental Health Centre, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xueshi Wang
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Tianjin Mental Health Centre, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Tianjin Mental Health Centre, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Tianjin Mental Health Centre, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Guifu Yang
- Tianjin Jianhua Hospital, Tianjin, 300112, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Tianjin Mental Health Centre, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Chenyu Song
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yukun He
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Tianjin Mental Health Centre, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Jie Li
- Tianjin Mental Health Centre, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Wei-Dong Li
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
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Fritz J, Shiffman D, Melander O, Tada H, Ulmer H. Metabolic Mediators of the Effects of Family History and Genetic Risk Score on Coronary Heart Disease-Findings From the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.005254. [PMID: 28320750 PMCID: PMC5524031 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.005254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Family history of coronary heart disease (CHD) as well as genetic predisposition to CHD assessed by a genetic risk score (GRS) are predictors of CHD risk. It is, however, uncertain to what extent these risk predictors are mediated by major metabolic pathways. Methods and Results Total effects of self‐reported family history and a 50‐variant GRS (GRS50), as well as effects mediated by apolipoprotein B and A‐I (apoB, apoA‐I), blood pressure, and diabetes mellitus, on incidence of CHD were estimated in 23 595 participants of the Malmö Diet and Cancer study (a prospective, population‐based study). During a median follow‐up of 14.4 years, 2213 participants experienced a first CHD event. Family history of CHD and GRS50 (highest versus other quintiles) were associated with incident CHD, with hazard ratios of 1.52 (95% CI: 1.39–1.65) and 1.53 (95% CI: 1.39–1.68), respectively, after adjusting for age, sex, and smoking status. Small proportions of the family history effect were mediated by metabolic risk factors: 8.3% (95% CI: 5.8–11.7%) by the apoB pathway, 1.7% (95% CI: 0.2–3.4%) by apoA‐I, 8.5% (95% CI: 5.9–12.0%) by blood pressure, and 1.5% (95% CI: −0.8% to 3.8%) by diabetes mellitus. Similarly, small proportions of GRS50 were mediated: 8.1% (95% CI: 5.5–11.8%) by apoB, 1.2% (95% CI: 0.5–3.0%) by apoA‐I, 4.2% (95% CI: 1.3–7.5%) by blood pressure, and −0.9% (95% CI: −3.7% to 1.6%) by diabetes mellitus. Conclusions A fraction of the CHD risk associated with family history or with GRS50 is mediated through elevated blood lipids and hypertension, but not through diabetes mellitus. However, a major part (≥80%) of the genetic effect operates independently of established metabolic risk factor pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Fritz
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hayato Tada
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hanno Ulmer
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
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Svensson T, Kitlinski M, Engström G, Melander O. Psychological stress and risk of incident atrial fibrillation in men and women with known atrial fibrillation genetic risk scores. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42613. [PMID: 28195211 PMCID: PMC5307347 DOI: 10.1038/srep42613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress has been reported as a possible trigger of atrial fibrillation (AF). No studies have investigated whether any association between stress and AF could be modified by genetic susceptibility to AF (AF-genetic risk score (AF-GRS)). 8765 men and 13,543 women from the Malmö Diet Cancer Study, a population-based cohort, were included in the analyses. A variable representing stress was constructed from questions measuring job strain, and from one question assessing non-occupational stress. Cox proportional hazards regression models were adjusted for known covariates of AF. Mean follow-up times and number of recorded incident AF were 14.2 years and 1116 events for men, and 15.1 years and 932 events for women. Among women, high stress was associated with AF in the age adjusted model (hazard ratio [HR], 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.47) but not following multivariable adjustment (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.95-1.39). Stress was not associated with incident AF in men. AF-GRS was significantly associated with incident AF for both genders. Stress did not interact significantly with genetic susceptibility to AF in men or women. Chronic stress is not associated with long-term incident hospital diagnosed AF. This association does not appear to be modified by genetic susceptibility to AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Svensson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mariusz Kitlinski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Lu P, Zhang CH, Lifshitz LM, ZhuGe R. Extraoral bitter taste receptors in health and disease. J Gen Physiol 2017; 149:181-197. [PMID: 28053191 PMCID: PMC5299619 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201611637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs or T2Rs) belong to the superfamily of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors, which are the targets of >50% of drugs currently on the market. Canonically, T2Rs are located in taste buds of the tongue, where they initiate bitter taste perception. However, accumulating evidence indicates that T2Rs are widely expressed throughout the body and mediate diverse nontasting roles through various specialized mechanisms. It has also become apparent that T2Rs and their polymorphisms are associated with human disorders. In this review, we summarize the physiological and pathophysiological roles that extraoral T2Rs play in processes as diverse as innate immunity and reproduction, and the major challenges in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Cheng-Hai Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Lawrence M Lifshitz
- Biomedical Imaging Group, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605.,Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Ronghua ZhuGe
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 .,Biomedical Imaging Group, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
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Platelets miRNA as a Prediction Marker of Thrombotic Episodes. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:2872507. [PMID: 28042196 PMCID: PMC5155104 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2872507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The blood platelets are crucial for the coagulation physiology to maintain haemostatic balance and are involved in various pathologies such as atherosclerosis and thrombosis. The studies of recent years have shown that anucleated platelets are able to succeed protein synthesis. Additionally, mRNA translation in blood platelets is regulated by miRNA molecules. Recent works postulate the possibility of using miRNAs as biomarkers of atherosclerosis and ischemic episodes. This review article describes clinical studies that presented blood platelets miRNAs expression profile changes in different thrombotic states, which suggest use of these molecules as predictive biomarkers.
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Abstract
Secretion is essential to many of the roles that platelets play in the vasculature, e.g., thrombosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation, enabling platelets to modulate the microenvironment at sites of vascular lesions with a myriad of bioactive molecules stored in their granules. Past studies demonstrate that granule cargo release is mediated by Soluble NSF Attachment Protein Receptor (SNARE) proteins, which are required for granule-plasma membrane fusion. Several SNARE regulators, which control when, where, and how the SNAREs interact, have been identified in platelets. Additionally, platelet SNAREs are controlled by post-translational modifications, e.g., phosphorylation and acylation. Although there have been many recent insights into the mechanisms of platelet secretion, many questions remain: have we identified all the important regulators, does calcium directly control the process, and is platelet secretion polarized. In this review, we focus on the mechanics of platelet secretion and discuss how the secretory machinery functions in the pathway leading to membrane fusion and cargo release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Joshi
- a Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Sidney W Whiteheart
- a Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
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Iakoubova OA, Tong CH, Catanese J, Rowland CM, Luke MM, Tranquilli M, Elefteriades JA. KIF6 719Arg Genetic Variant and Risk for Thoracic Aortic Dissection. AORTA : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AORTIC INSTITUTE AT YALE-NEW HAVEN HOSPITAL 2016; 4:83-90. [PMID: 28097184 DOI: 10.12945/j.aorta.2016.16.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carriers of the 719Arg variant in KIF6, compared with noncarriers, have been reported to be at greater risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) in six prospective studies. Because CHD, thoracic aortic dissection, and nondissection thoracic aortic aneurysm share some risk factors and aspects of pathophysiology, we investigated whether carriers of the 719Arg variant also have greater odds of thoracic aortic dissection or nondissected thoracic aortic aneurysm than noncarriers. METHODS We genotyped 140 thoracic aortic dissection cases, 497 nondissection thoracic aortic aneurysm cases, and 275 disease-free controls collected in the United States, Hungary, and Greece and investigated the association between KIF6 719Arg carrier status and thoracic aortic dissection, and between KIF6 719Arg carrier status and nondissection thoracic aortic aneurysm, using logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, smoking, and country. RESULTS The odds of aortic dissection were two-fold greater in KIF6 719Arg carriers compared with noncarriers (odds ratio (OR) 2.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-3.9). To account for the potential of concomitant CHD to confound the association between the KIF6 719Arg and thoracic aortic dissection, we repeated the analysis after removing subjects with concomitant CHD; the estimates for association of KIF6 719Arg carrier status remained essentially the same (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.11-3.77). In contrast, KIF6 719Arg carrier status was not associated with risk for nondissection thoracic aortic aneurysm. CONCLUSIONS We observed an association of the KIF6 719Arg genetic variant with thoracic aortic dissection in this multicenter case-control study. This association may enhance our management of patients with thoracic aortic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Iakoubova
- Quest Diagnostics Research and Development, San Juan Capistrano, California, USA
| | - Carmen H Tong
- Quest Diagnostics Research and Development, San Juan Capistrano, California, USA
| | - Joseph Catanese
- Quest Diagnostics Research and Development, San Juan Capistrano, California, USA
| | - Charles M Rowland
- Quest Diagnostics Research and Development, San Juan Capistrano, California, USA
| | - May M Luke
- Quest Diagnostics Research and Development, San Juan Capistrano, California, USA
| | - Maryann Tranquilli
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - John A Elefteriades
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Keul P, van Borren MMGJ, Ghanem A, Müller FU, Baartscheer A, Verkerk AO, Stümpel F, Schulte JS, Hamdani N, Linke WA, van Loenen P, Matus M, Schmitz W, Stypmann J, Tiemann K, Ravesloot JH, Alewijnse AE, Hermann S, Spijkers LJA, Hiller KH, Herr D, Heusch G, Schäfers M, Peters SLM, Chun J, Levkau B. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Regulates Cardiac Function by Modulating Ca2+ Sensitivity and Na+/H+ Exchange and Mediates Protection by Ischemic Preconditioning. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.003393. [PMID: 27207969 PMCID: PMC4889204 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate plays vital roles in cardiomyocyte physiology, myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury, and ischemic preconditioning. The function of the cardiomyocyte sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) in vivo is unknown. Methods and Results Cardiomyocyte‐restricted deletion of S1P1 in mice (S1P1αMHCCre) resulted in progressive cardiomyopathy, compromised response to dobutamine, and premature death. Isolated cardiomyocytes from S1P1αMHCCre mice revealed reduced diastolic and systolic Ca2+ concentrations that were secondary to reduced intracellular Na+ and caused by suppressed activity of the sarcolemmal Na+/H+ exchanger NHE‐1 in the absence of S1P1. This scenario was successfully reproduced in wild‐type cardiomyocytes by pharmacological inhibition of S1P1 or sphingosine kinases. Furthermore, Sarcomere shortening of S1P1αMHCCre cardiomyocytes was intact, but sarcomere relaxation was attenuated and Ca2+ sensitivity increased, respectively. This went along with reduced phosphorylation of regulatory myofilament proteins such as myosin light chain 2, myosin‐binding protein C, and troponin I. In addition, S1P1 mediated the inhibitory effect of exogenous sphingosine‐1‐phosphate on β‐adrenergic–induced cardiomyocyte contractility by inhibiting the adenylate cyclase. Furthermore, ischemic precondtioning was abolished in S1P1αMHCCre mice and was accompanied by defective Akt activation during preconditioning. Conclusions Tonic S1P1 signaling by endogenous sphingosine‐1‐phosphate contributes to intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis by maintaining basal NHE‐1 activity and controls simultaneously myofibril Ca2+ sensitivity through its inhibitory effect on adenylate cyclase. Cardioprotection by ischemic precondtioning depends on intact S1P1 signaling. These key findings on S1P1 functions in cardiac physiology may offer novel therapeutic approaches to cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Keul
- Institute for Pathophysiology, Westdeutsches Herz- und Gefäßzentrum, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Ghanem
- Department of Cardiology, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Arie O Verkerk
- Heart Failure Research Center, AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Stümpel
- Institute for Pharmakology und Toxikology, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Nazha Hamdani
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Linke
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Pieter van Loenen
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapy, AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marek Matus
- Institute for Pharmakology und Toxikology, Münster, Germany Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Jörg Stypmann
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik C, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Tiemann
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik C, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Astrid E Alewijnse
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapy, AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, Münster, Germany
| | - Léon J A Spijkers
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapy, AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karl-Heinz Hiller
- MRB Forschungszentrum Magnet-Resonanz-Bayern e.V., Würzburg, Germany
| | - Deron Herr
- Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, Westdeutsches Herz- und Gefäßzentrum, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Stephan L M Peters
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapy, AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jerold Chun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Bodo Levkau
- Institute for Pathophysiology, Westdeutsches Herz- und Gefäßzentrum, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
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Vatte C, Cyrus C, Al Shehri AM, Chathoth S, Almansori M, Al-Nafaie A, Al-Ali R, Al-Muhanna F, Asselbergs FW, Al-Ali A. Investigation of KIF6 Trp719Arg gene polymorphism in a case-control study of coronary artery disease and non-fatal myocardial infarction in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med 2016; 36:105-11. [PMID: 26997531 PMCID: PMC6074390 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2016.21.3.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kinesin-like protein 6 (KIF6), a member of the kinesin superfamily, is involved in intracellular transport. A few prospective studies have shown the KIF6 variant Trp719Arg (rs20455) to be associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in Caucasian populations. However, recent genome-wide association studies on CAD have not proven these associations. OBJECTIVES Since the role of KIF6 719Arg allele in other ethnic populations is largely unknown, we sought to determine whether the KIF6 719Arg allele is associated with CAD in an ethnic Middle Eastern population. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING CAD patients and control subjects from King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study population included angiographically defined CAD patients (n=1002) and controls (n=984) with a normal electrocardiogram. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Association of KIF6 Trp719Arg mutation with CAD. RESULTS The KIF6 Trp719Arg polymorphism was not associated with CAD (OR 0.976, 95% CI 0.861-1.105; P=.704). In addition, KIF6 Trp719Arg polymorphism showed a lack of association even in stratified myocardial infarction patients (n=802) (OR 1.006, 95% CI 0.881-1.148; P=.929) in comparison to controls. CONCLUSIONS The absence of Trp719Arg polymorphism association with CAD and CAD in stratified myocardial infarction cases indicates that the polymorphism is not associated with an increased risk among CAD patients from the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. LIMITATIONS Unavailability of data on statin usage among the patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cyril Cyrus
- Dr. Cyril Cyrus, University of Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia, T: +96613330866,
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Hubacek J, Vrablik M, Dlouha D, Stanek V, Gebauerova M, Adamkova V, Ceska R, Dostálová G, Linhart A, Vitek L, Pitha J. Gene variants at FTO, 9p21, and 2q36.3 are age-independently associated with myocardial infarction in Czech men. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 454:119-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Pouché L, Stojanova J, Marquet P, Picard N. New challenges and promises in solid organ transplantation pharmacogenetics: the genetic variability of proteins involved in the pharmacodynamics of immunosuppressive drugs. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:277-96. [PMID: 26799749 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interindividual variability in immunosuppressive drug responses might be partly explained by genetic variants in proteins involved in the immune response or associated with IS pharmacodynamics. On a general basis, the pharmacogenetics of drug target proteins is less known and understood than that of proteins involved in drug disposition pathways. The aim of this review is to facilitate research related to the pharmacodynamics of the main immunosuppressive drugs used in solid organ transplantation. We elaborated a quality of evidence grading system based on a literature review and identified 'highly recommended', 'recommended' or 'potential' candidates for further research. It is likely that a number of additional rare variants might further explain drug response phenotypes in transplantation, and particularly the most severe ones. The advent of next-generation sequencing will help to identify those variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Pouché
- Inserm, UMR 850, 2 Avenue Martin-Luther King, F-87042 Limoges, France.,CHU Limoges, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Pharmacovigilance, 2 Avenue Martin-Luther King, F-87042 Limoges, France
| | - Jana Stojanova
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis & Pharmacogenetics, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pierre Marquet
- Inserm, UMR 850, 2 Avenue Martin-Luther King, F-87042 Limoges, France.,CHU Limoges, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Pharmacovigilance, 2 Avenue Martin-Luther King, F-87042 Limoges, France.,Univ. Limoges, Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, F-87025 Limoges, France.,FHU SUPORT, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Nicolas Picard
- Inserm, UMR 850, 2 Avenue Martin-Luther King, F-87042 Limoges, France.,CHU Limoges, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Pharmacovigilance, 2 Avenue Martin-Luther King, F-87042 Limoges, France.,Univ. Limoges, Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, F-87025 Limoges, France.,FHU SUPORT, 87000 Limoges, France
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Dumitrescu L, Diggins KE, Goodloe R, Crawford DC. TESTING POPULATION-SPECIFIC QUANTITATIVE TRAIT ASSOCIATIONS FOR CLINICAL OUTCOME RELEVANCE IN A BIOREPOSITORY LINKED TO ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS: LPA AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN AFRICAN AMERICANS. PACIFIC SYMPOSIUM ON BIOCOMPUTING. PACIFIC SYMPOSIUM ON BIOCOMPUTING 2016; 21:96-107. [PMID: 26776177 PMCID: PMC4720978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous candidate gene and genome-wide association studies have identified common genetic variants in LPA associated with the quantitative trait Lp(a), an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease. These associations are population-specific and many have not yet been tested for association with the clinical outcome of interest. To fill this gap in knowledge, we accessed the epidemiologic Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES III) and BioVU, the Vanderbilt University Medical Center biorepository linked to de-identified electronic health records (EHRs), including billing codes (ICD-9-CM) and clinical notes, to test population-specific Lp(a)-associated variants for an association with myocardial infarction (MI) among African Americans. We performed electronic phenotyping among African Americans in BioVU≥40 years of age using billing codes. At total of 93 cases and 522 controls were identified in NHANES III and 265 cases and 363 controls were identified in BioVU. We tested five known Lp(a)-associated genetic variants (rs1367211, rs41271028, rs6907156, rs10945682, and rs1652507) in both NHANES III and BioVU for association with myocardial infarction. We also tested LPA rs3798220 (I4399M), previously associated with increased levels of Lp(a), MI, and coronary artery disease in European Americans, in BioVU. After meta-analysis, tests of association using logistic regression assuming an additive genetic model revealed no significant associations (p<0.05) for any of the five LPA variants previously associated with Lp(a) levels in African Americans. Also, I4399M rs3798220 was not associated with MI in African Americans (odds ratio = 0.51; 95% confidence interval: 0.16 - 1.65; p=0.26) despite strong, replicated associations with MI and coronary artery disease in European American genome-wide association studies. These data highlight the challenges in translating quantitative trait associations to clinical outcomes in diverse populations using large epidemiologic and clinic-based collections as envisioned for the Precision Medicine Initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Dumitrescu
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, 519 Light Hall, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kirsten E. Diggins
- Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, 742 Preston Research Building, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert Goodloe
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, 519 Light Hall, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dana C. Crawford
- Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Wolstein Research Building, 2103 Cornell Road, Suite 2527, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Ruiz-Ramos D, Hernández-Díaz Y, Tovilla-Zárate CA, Juárez-Rojop I, López-Narváez ML, González-Castro TB, Torres-Hernández ME, Baños-González MA. The Trp719Arg polymorphism of the KIF6 gene and coronary heart disease risk: systematic review and meta-analysis. Hereditas 2015; 152:3. [PMID: 28096762 PMCID: PMC5224589 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-015-0004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD). Kinesin-like protein 6 (KIF6) is a new candidate gene for CHD, since it has been identified as a potential risk factor. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of previously published association studies between the Trp719Arg polymorphism of KIF6 and the development of CHD. METHODS Studies and abstracts investigating the relationship between the Trp719Arg polymorphism of KIF6 and subsequent risk for development of CHD were reviewed. Electronic search from Pubmed and EBSCO databases was performed between 1993 and 2014 to identify studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. To analyze the association we used the models: allelic, additive, dominant and recessive. Moreover, we conducted a sub-analysis by populations using the same four models. RESULTS Twenty-three studies were included in the meta-analysis. The Trp719Arg polymorphism showed a significant association with CHD when the analysis comprised the population with myocardial infarction (MI) and the additive genetic model was used. Moreover, this polymorphism showed a protective association with CHD when the analysis comprised the whole population using the recessive genetic model. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the Trp719Arg polymorphism of the KIF6 gene is an important risk factor for developing MI and that allele 719Arg may have a protective association to present CHD in all populations. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42015024602.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ruiz-Ramos
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco Mexico
| | - Yazmín Hernández-Díaz
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa km. 1, Col. La Esmeralda, C.P. 86690 Cunduacán, Tabasco Mexico
| | - Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zárate
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Comalcalco, Tabasco Mexico
| | - Isela Juárez-Rojop
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco Mexico
| | | | - Thelma Beatriz González-Castro
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa km. 1, Col. La Esmeralda, C.P. 86690 Cunduacán, Tabasco Mexico
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Polymorphisms in sweet taste genes (TAS1R2 and GLUT2), sweet liking, and dental caries prevalence in an adult Italian population. GENES AND NUTRITION 2015; 10:485. [PMID: 26268603 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between sweet taste genes and dental caries prevalence in a large sample of adults. In addition, the association between sweet liking and sugar intake with dental caries was investigated. Caries was measured by the decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index in 647 Caucasian subjects (285 males and 362 females, aged 18-65 years), coming from six villages in northeastern Italy. Sweet liking was assessed using a 9-point scale, and the mean of the liking given by each individual to specific sweet food and beverages was used to create a sweet liking score. Simple sugar consumption was estimated by a dietary history interview, considering both added sugars and sugar present naturally in foods. Our study confirmed that polymorphisms in TAS1R2 and GLUT2 genes are related to DMFT index. In particular, GG homozygous individuals for rs3935570 in TAS1R2 gene (p value = 0.0117) and GG homozygous individuals for rs1499821 in GLUT2 gene (p value = 0.0273) showed higher DMFT levels compared to both heterozygous and homozygous for the alternative allele. Furthermore, while the relationship sugar intake-DMFT did not achieve statistical significance (p value = 0.075), a significant association was identified between sweet liking and DMFT (p value = 0.004), independent of other variables. Our study showed that sweet taste genetic factors contribute to caries prevalence and highlighted the role of sweet liking as a predictor of caries risk. Therefore, these results may open new perspectives for individual risk identification and implementation of target preventive strategies, such as identifying high-risk patients before caries development.
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Khalifa M, Noureen A, Ertelthalner K, Bandegi AR, Delport R, Firdaus WJJ, Geethanjali FS, Luthra K, Makemaharn O, Pang RWC, Salem AH, Sasaki J, Schiefenhoevel W, Lingenhel A, Kronenberg F, Utermann G, Schmidt K. Lack of association of rs3798220 with small apolipoprotein(a) isoforms and high lipoprotein(a) levels in East and Southeast Asians. Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:521-8. [PMID: 26302166 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The variant allele of rs3798220 in the apolipoprotein(a) gene (LPA) is used to assess the risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) in Europeans, where it is associated with short alleles of the Kringle IV-2 (KIV-2) copy number variation (CNV) and high lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) concentrations. No association of rs3798220 with CAD was detected in a GWAS of East Asians. Our study investigated the association of rs3798220 with Lp(a) concentrations and KIV-2 CNV size in non-European populations to explain the missing association of the variant with CAD in Asians. METHODS We screened three populations from Africa and seven from Asia by TaqMan Assay for rs3798220 and determined KIV-2 CNV sizes of LPA alleles by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Additionally, CAD cases from India were analysed. To investigate the phylogenetic origin of rs3798220, 40 LPA alleles from Chinese individuals were separated by PFGE and haplotyped for further SNPs. RESULTS The variant was not found in Africans. Allele frequencies in East and Southeast Asians ranged from 2.9% to 11.6%, and were very low (0.15%) in CAD cases and controls from India. The variant was neither associated with short KIV-2 CNV alleles nor elevated Lp(a) concentrations in Asians. CONCLUSION Our study shows that rs3798220 is no marker for short KIV-2 CNV alleles and high Lp(a) in East and Southeast Asians, although the haplotype background is shared with Europeans. It appears unlikely that this SNP confers atherogenic potential on its own. Furthermore, this SNP does not explain Lp(a) attributed risk for CAD in Asian Indians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Khalifa
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Human Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Asma Noureen
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Human Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin Ertelthalner
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ahmad Reza Bandegi
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rhena Delport
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Wance J J Firdaus
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Finney S Geethanjali
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Christian Medical College Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalpana Luthra
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Orawan Makemaharn
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Richard W C Pang
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Abdel-Halim Salem
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jun Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Arno Lingenhel
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Human Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerd Utermann
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Konrad Schmidt
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Human Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon; Department for Tropical Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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46
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Vishnuprabu D, Geetha S, Bhaskar LVKS, Mahapatra NR, Munirajan AK. Genotyping and meta-analysis of KIF6 Trp719Arg polymorphism in South Indian Coronary Artery Disease patients: A case-control study. Meta Gene 2015; 5:129-34. [PMID: 26236646 PMCID: PMC4513186 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The KIF6 719Arg allele is an interesting genomic variant widely screened in various populations and is reported to be associated with the risk of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and statin treatment outcome. Recent population based clinical studies and large-scale meta-analyses pondered over the role of 719Arg variant in CAD risk and treatment response. We screened the KIF6 Trp719Arg polymorphism (rs20455) in south Indian CAD patients in a case–control approach. A total of 1042 samples (510 CAD patients and 532 controls) were screened for the KIF6 Trp719Arg SNP by TaqMan SNP genotyping assay, followed by meta-analysis of the genotype data of non-Europeans reports. The 719Arg risk genotype (GG) was observed in 29.6% of CAD cases and in 30.1% of controls with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.07 (95% CI: 0.76–1.50), p value = 0.709. No significant difference in the genotype frequency was observed between CAD and controls in both dominant model (AG + GG vs AA) and allelic model (719Arg vs 719Trp) with an OR of 1.11 (p = 0.491) and 1.03 (p = 0.767), respectively. The covariate analysis indicated that smoking & alcohol consumption increased the risk for MI among CAD patients. Meta-analysis showed that the KIF6 719Arg allele is not associated with CAD risk in both fixed effect (p = 0.515, OR = 1.023, 95% CI = 0.956–1.094) and random effect (p = 0.547, OR = 1.022, 95% CI = 0.953–1.096). The symmetrical shape of the Egger's funnel plots revealed that there is no publication bias. These results suggest that there is no association of KIF6 719Arg allele with CAD risk in South Indian population and the meta-analysis confirms the same among non-European population. First study to screen for KIF6Trp719Arg SNP in south Indian population KIF6Arg variant is not a risk factor for south Indian CAD patients. Meta-analysis showed no association of KIF6Arg allele in non-European CAD populations. Smoking and alcoholic status were strong risk factors for MI; whereas KIF6 status is not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durairajpandian Vishnuprabu
- Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai 600 113, India
| | - Subramanian Geetha
- Department of Cardiology, Madras Medical College and Government General Hospital, Chennai 600 003, India
| | | | - Nitish R Mahapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, 600 036, India
| | - Arasambattu K Munirajan
- Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai 600 113, India
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47
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Roura E, Aldayyani A, Thavaraj P, Prakash S, Greenway D, Thomas WG, Meyerhof W, Roudnitzky N, Foster SR. Variability in Human Bitter Taste Sensitivity to Chemically Diverse Compounds Can Be Accounted for by Differential TAS2R Activation. Chem Senses 2015; 40:427-35. [PMID: 25999325 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjv024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human population displays high variation in taste perception. Differences in individual taste sensitivity may also impact on nutrient intake and overall appetite. A well-characterized example is the variable perception of bitter compounds such as 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) and phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), which can be accounted for at the molecular level by polymorphic variants in the specific type 2 taste receptor (TAS2R38). This phenotypic variation has been associated with influencing dietary preference and other behaviors, although the generalization of PROP/PTC taster status as a predictor of sensitivity to other tastes is controversial. Here, we proposed that the taste sensitivities of different bitter compounds would be correlated only when they activate the same bitter taste receptor. Thirty-four volunteers were exposed to 8 bitter compounds that were selected based on their potential to activate overlapping and distinct repertoires of TAS2Rs. Taste intensity ratings were evaluated using the general Labeled Magnitude Scale. Our data demonstrate a strong interaction between the intensity for bitter substances when they activate common TAS2Rs. Consequently, PROP/PTC sensitivity was not a reliable predictor of general bitter sensitivity. In addition, our findings provide a novel framework to predict taste sensitivity based on their specific T2R activation profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugeni Roura
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia,
| | - Asya Aldayyani
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia, School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Pridhuvi Thavaraj
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Sangeeta Prakash
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Delma Greenway
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Walter G Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia and
| | - Wolfgang Meyerhof
- Department of Molecular Genetics, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Natacha Roudnitzky
- Department of Molecular Genetics, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Simon R Foster
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia and
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48
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Vlieg AVH, Flinterman LE, Bare LA, Cannegieter SC, Reitsma PH, Arellano AR, Tong CH, Devlin JJ, Rosendaal FR. Genetic Variations Associated With Recurrent Venous Thrombosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:806-13. [DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background—
The prediction of recurrent venous thrombosis using individual genetic risk predictors has proven to be challenging. The aim of this study was to assess whether multiple genetic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis would predict recurrent venous thrombosis.
Methods and Results—
Patients with a first venous thrombosis were followed for a recurrent venous thrombosis up to 2009 (MEGA follow-up study), which occurred in 608 out of 4100 patients (2.7%/year). Thirty-one common thrombosis-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with the risk of recurrence. A genetic risk score (GRS) for each individual was calculated by summing the number of risk-increasing alleles for each of the 31 SNPs and for a simplified model consisting of 5 SNPs: rs6025, rs1799963, rs8176719, rs2066865, and rs2036914. The risk of recurrence associated with the GRS was calculated continuously and after stratification in a low and high score. All individual SNPs were at most mildly associated with recurrence risk. Regarding the 31-SNP GRS, recurrence risk was highest in patients with ≥31 and lowest in patients with <21 risk alleles. The discriminative power of the 5-SNP GRS was similar to that of the 31-SNP GRS. The 6-year cumulative incidence of recurrence was high for individuals with ≥5 (20.3%; 95% confidence interval, 16.5–24.1) and low for individuals with ≤1 (9.4%; 95% confidence interval, 6.7–12.1) risk alleles. Predictive power improved after stratification into provoked and unprovoked first events and sex.
Conclusions—
Multiple genetic SNP analysis is useful in the prediction of recurrent thrombosis, even more so when combining this model with clinical risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid van Hylckama Vlieg
- From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology (A.v.H.V., L.E.F., S.C.C., F.R.R.), Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (P.H.R., F.R.R.), and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (A.v.H.V., S.C.C., P.H.R., F.R.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and Celera, Alameda, CA (L.A.B., A.R.A., C.H.T., J.J.D.)
| | - Linda E. Flinterman
- From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology (A.v.H.V., L.E.F., S.C.C., F.R.R.), Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (P.H.R., F.R.R.), and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (A.v.H.V., S.C.C., P.H.R., F.R.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and Celera, Alameda, CA (L.A.B., A.R.A., C.H.T., J.J.D.)
| | - Lance A. Bare
- From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology (A.v.H.V., L.E.F., S.C.C., F.R.R.), Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (P.H.R., F.R.R.), and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (A.v.H.V., S.C.C., P.H.R., F.R.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and Celera, Alameda, CA (L.A.B., A.R.A., C.H.T., J.J.D.)
| | - Suzanne C. Cannegieter
- From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology (A.v.H.V., L.E.F., S.C.C., F.R.R.), Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (P.H.R., F.R.R.), and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (A.v.H.V., S.C.C., P.H.R., F.R.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and Celera, Alameda, CA (L.A.B., A.R.A., C.H.T., J.J.D.)
| | - Pieter H. Reitsma
- From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology (A.v.H.V., L.E.F., S.C.C., F.R.R.), Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (P.H.R., F.R.R.), and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (A.v.H.V., S.C.C., P.H.R., F.R.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and Celera, Alameda, CA (L.A.B., A.R.A., C.H.T., J.J.D.)
| | - Andre R. Arellano
- From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology (A.v.H.V., L.E.F., S.C.C., F.R.R.), Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (P.H.R., F.R.R.), and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (A.v.H.V., S.C.C., P.H.R., F.R.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and Celera, Alameda, CA (L.A.B., A.R.A., C.H.T., J.J.D.)
| | - Carmen H. Tong
- From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology (A.v.H.V., L.E.F., S.C.C., F.R.R.), Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (P.H.R., F.R.R.), and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (A.v.H.V., S.C.C., P.H.R., F.R.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and Celera, Alameda, CA (L.A.B., A.R.A., C.H.T., J.J.D.)
| | - James J. Devlin
- From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology (A.v.H.V., L.E.F., S.C.C., F.R.R.), Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (P.H.R., F.R.R.), and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (A.v.H.V., S.C.C., P.H.R., F.R.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and Celera, Alameda, CA (L.A.B., A.R.A., C.H.T., J.J.D.)
| | - Frits R. Rosendaal
- From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology (A.v.H.V., L.E.F., S.C.C., F.R.R.), Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (P.H.R., F.R.R.), and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (A.v.H.V., S.C.C., P.H.R., F.R.R.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and Celera, Alameda, CA (L.A.B., A.R.A., C.H.T., J.J.D.)
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49
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Buchan JG, Gray RS, Gansner JM, Alvarado DM, Burgert L, Gitlin JD, Gurnett CA, Goldsmith MI. Kinesin family member 6 (kif6) is necessary for spine development in zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:1646-57. [PMID: 25283277 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic scoliosis is a form of spinal deformity that affects 2-3% of children and results in curvature of the spine without structural defects of the vertebral units. The pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis remains poorly understood, in part due to the lack of a relevant animal model. RESULTS We performed a forward mutagenesis screen in zebrafish to identify new models for idiopathic scoliosis. We isolated a recessive zebrafish mutant, called skolios, which develops isolated spinal curvature that arises independent of vertebral malformations. Using meiotic mapping and whole genome sequencing, we identified a nonsense mutation in kinesin family member 6 (kif6(gw326) ) unique to skolios mutants. Three additional kif6 frameshift alleles (gw327, gw328, gw329) were generated with transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs). Zebrafish homozygous or compound heterozygous for kif6 frameshift mutations developed a scoliosis phenotype indistinguishable from skolios mutants, confirming that skolios is caused by the loss of kif6. Although kif6 may play a role in cilia, no evidence for cilia dysfunction was seen in kif6(gw326) mutants. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings demonstrate a novel role for kif6 in spinal development and identify a new candidate gene for human idiopathic scoliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian G Buchan
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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50
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Tada H, Shiffman D, Smith JG, Sjögren M, Lubitz SA, Ellinor PT, Louie JZ, Catanese JJ, Engström G, Devlin JJ, Kathiresan S, Melander O. Twelve-single nucleotide polymorphism genetic risk score identifies individuals at increased risk for future atrial fibrillation and stroke. Stroke 2014; 45:2856-2862. [PMID: 25123217 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.006072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Atrial fibrillation (AF) is prevalent and there is a clinical need for biomarkers to identify individuals at higher risk for AF. Fixed throughout a life course and assayable early in life, genetic biomarkers may meet this need. Here, we investigate whether multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms together as an AF genetic risk score (AF-GRS) can improve prediction of one's risk for AF. METHODS In 27 471 participants of the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, a prospective, community-based cohort, we used Cox models that adjusted for established AF risk factors to assess the association of AF-GRS with incident AF and ischemic stroke. Median follow-up was 14.4 years for incident AF and 14.5 years for ischemic stroke. The AF-GRS comprised 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms that had been previously shown to be associated with AF at genome-wide significance. RESULTS During follow-up, 2160 participants experienced a first AF event and 1495 had a first ischemic stroke event. Participants in the top AF-GRS quintile were at increased risk for incident AF (hazard ratio, 2.00; 95% confidence interval, 1.73-2.31; P=2.7×10(-21)) and ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.46; P=0.02) when compared with the bottom quintile. Addition of the AF-GRS to established AF risk factors modestly improved both discrimination and reclassification (P<0.0001 for both). CONCLUSIONS An AF-GRS can identify 20% of individuals who are at ≈2-fold increased risk for incident AF and at 23% increased risk for ischemic stroke. Targeting diagnostic or therapeutic interventions to this subset may prove clinically useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Tada
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dov Shiffman
- Celera, A Quest Diagnostics Company, Alameda, California
| | | | - Marketa Sjögren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Steven A Lubitz
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Judy Z Louie
- Celera, A Quest Diagnostics Company, Alameda, California
| | | | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - James J Devlin
- Celera, A Quest Diagnostics Company, Alameda, California
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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