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Chen Q, Zhang M, Liu Y, Liu W, Peng C, Zheng L. Sulfated Polysaccharides with Anticoagulant Potential: A Review Focusing on Structure-Activity Relationship and Action Mechanism. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400152. [PMID: 38600639 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Thromboembolism is the culprit of cardiovascular diseases, leading to the highest global mortality rate. Anticoagulation emerges as the primary approach for managing thrombotic conditions. Notably, sulfated polysaccharides exhibit favorable anticoagulant efficacy with reduced side effects. This review focuses on the structure-anticoagulant activity relationship of sulfated polysaccharides and the underlying action mechanisms. It is concluded that chlorosulfonicacid-pyridine method serves as the preferred technique to synthesize sulfated polysaccharides. The anticoagulant activity of sulfated polysaccharides is linked to the substitution site of sulfate groups, degree of substitution, molecular weight, main side chain structure, and glycosidic bond conformation. Moreover, sulfated polysaccharides exert anticoagulant activity via various pathways, including the inhibition of blood coagulation factors, activation of antithrombin III and heparin cofactor II, antiplatelet aggregation, and promotion of the fibrinolytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianfeng Chen
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu, 215500, China
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Mengjiao Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu, 215500, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225000, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu, 215500, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu, 215500, China
| | - Lixue Zheng
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu, 215500, China
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2
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Brosolo G, Da Porto A, Bulfone L, Vacca A, Bertin N, Vivarelli C, Catena C, Sechi LA. Daytime plasma cortisol and cortisol response to dexamethasone suppression are associated with a prothrombotic state in hypertension. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1397062. [PMID: 38836224 PMCID: PMC11148267 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1397062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims A prothrombotic state was demonstrated in patients with Cushing's syndrome and is involved in the development and progression of cardiovascular and renal damage in hypertensive patients. This study was designed to examine the relationships between cortisol secretion and the hemostatic and fibrinolytic systems in hypertension. Methods In 149 middle-aged, nondiabetic, essential hypertensive patients free of cardiovascular and renal complications, we measured hemostatic markers that express the spontaneous activation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems and assessed daily cortisol levels (8 AM, 3 PM, 12 AM; area under the curve, AUC-cortisol) together with the cortisol response to dexamethasone overnight suppression (DST-cortisol). Results Plasma levels of D-dimer (D-dim), prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1 + 2), and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were progressively and significantly higher across tertiles of AUC-cortisol and DST-cortisol, whereas no differences were observed in fibrinogen, tissue plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S. D-dim, F1 + 2, and vWF were significantly and directly correlated with age and both AUC-cortisol and DST-cortisol. Multivariate regression analysis showed that both AUC-cortisol and DST-cortisol were related to plasma D-dim, F1 + 2, and vWF independently of age, body mass index, blood pressure, and renal function. Conclusion Greater daily cortisol profile and cortisol response to overnight suppression are independently associated with a prothrombotic state in hypertensive patients and might contribute to the development of organ damage and higher risk of cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Brosolo
- Internal Medicine and European Hypertension Excellence Center, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Da Porto
- Diabetes and Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Luca Bulfone
- Internal Medicine and European Hypertension Excellence Center, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Antonio Vacca
- Internal Medicine and European Hypertension Excellence Center, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Nicole Bertin
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Cinzia Vivarelli
- Internal Medicine and European Hypertension Excellence Center, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Cristiana Catena
- Internal Medicine and European Hypertension Excellence Center, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Leonardo A Sechi
- Internal Medicine and European Hypertension Excellence Center, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Diabetes and Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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3
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Lv K, Chen S, Xu X, Chiu J, Wang HJ, Han Y, Yang X, Bowley SR, Wang H, Tang Z, Tang N, Yang A, Yang S, Wang J, Jin S, Wu Y, Schmaier AH, Ju LA, Hogg PJ, Fang C. Protein disulfide isomerase cleaves allosteric disulfides in histidine-rich glycoprotein to regulate thrombosis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3129. [PMID: 38605050 PMCID: PMC11009332 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47493-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The essence of difference between hemostasis and thrombosis is that the clotting reaction is a highly fine-tuned process. Vascular protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) represents a critical mechanism regulating the functions of hemostatic proteins. Herein we show that histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is a substrate of PDI. Reduction of HRG by PDI enhances the procoagulant and anticoagulant activities of HRG by neutralization of endothelial heparan sulfate (HS) and inhibition of factor XII (FXIIa) activity, respectively. Murine HRG deficiency (Hrg-/-) leads to delayed onset but enhanced formation of thrombus compared to WT. However, in the combined FXII deficiency (F12-/-) and HRG deficiency (by siRNA or Hrg-/-), there is further thrombosis reduction compared to F12-/- alone, confirming HRG's procoagulant activity independent of FXIIa. Mutation of target disulfides of PDI leads to a gain-of-function mutant of HRG that promotes its activities during coagulation. Thus, PDI-HRG pathway fine-tunes thrombosis by promoting its rapid initiation via neutralization of HS and preventing excessive propagation via inhibition of FXIIa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xulin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Tongji-Rongcheng Center for Biomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Joyce Chiu
- The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Haoqing J Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Yunyun Han
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaodan Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Sheryl R Bowley
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhaoming Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ning Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Aizhen Yang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuofei Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical Collage, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and the Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Si Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Wu
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Alvin H Schmaier
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Lining A Ju
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Philip J Hogg
- The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Tongji-Rongcheng Center for Biomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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4
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Wang Y, Cheng C, Li S, Sun S, Zhao C. Immobilization of carbonic anhydrase on modified PES membranes for artificial lungs. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2364-2372. [PMID: 38345129 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02553e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The introduction of carbonic anhydrase (CA) onto an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) membrane can improve the permeability of carbon dioxide (CO2). However, existing CA-grafting methods have limitations, and the hemocompatibility of current substrate membranes of commercial ECMO is not satisfactory. In this study, a 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/N-hydroxy succinimide (NHS) activation method is adopted to graft CA with CO2-catalyzed conversion activity onto a polyethersulfone (PES) membrane, which is prepared by a phase inversion technique after in situ crosslinking polymerization of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VP) and acrylic acid (AA) in PES solution. The characterization results reveal that CA has been grafted onto the modified PES membrane successfully and exhibits catalytic activity. The kinetic parameters of esterase activity verify that the grafted amount of active CA increases with an increase in the concentration of the CA incubation solution. The CA-grafted membrane (CA-M) can accelerate the conversion of bicarbonate to CO2 in water and blood, which demonstrates the special catalytic activity towards bicarbonate of CA. Finally, blood compatibility tests prove that the CA-M does not lead to hemolysis, shows suppressed protein adsorption and increased coagulation time, and is suitable for application in ECMO. This work demonstrates a green and efficient method for preparing bioactive materials and has practical guiding significance for subsequent pulmonary membrane research and ECMO applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Sichuan University, College Biomedical Engineering, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Shudong Sun
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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5
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Fuest S, Smeets R, Gosau M, Aavani F, Knipfer C, Grust ALC, Kopp A, Becerikli M, Behr B, Matthies L. Layer-by-Layer Deposition of Regenerated Silk Fibroin─An Approach to the Surface Coating of Biomedical Implant Materials. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6644-6657. [PMID: 37983947 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials and coating techniques unlock major benefits for advanced medical therapies. Here, we explored layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of silk fibroin (SF) by dip coating to deploy homogeneous films on different materials (titanium, magnesium, and polymers) frequently used for orthopedic and other bone-related implants. Titanium and magnesium specimens underwent preceding plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) to increase hydrophilicity. This was determined as surface properties were visualized by scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Finally, biological in vitro evaluations of hemocompatibility, THP-1 cell culture, and TNF-α assays were conducted. A more hydrophilic surface could be achieved using the PEO surface, and the contact angle for magnesium and titanium showed a reduction from 73 to 18° and from 58 to 17°, respectively. Coating with SF proved successful on all three surfaces, and coating thicknesses of up to 5.14 μm (±SD 0.22 μm) were achieved. Using FTIR analysis, it was shown that the insolubility of the material was achieved by post-treatment with water vapor annealing, although the random coil peak (1640-1649 cm-1) and the α-helix peak (at 1650 cm-1) were still evident. SF did not change hemocompatibility, regardless of the substrate, whereas the PEO-coated materials showed improved hemocompatibility. THP-1 cell culture showed that cells adhered excellently to all of the tested material surfaces. Interestingly, SF coatings induced a significantly higher amount of TNF-α for all materials, indicating an inflammatory response, which plays an important role in a variety of physiological processes, including osteogenesis. LbL coatings of SF are shown to be promising candidates to modulate the body's immune response to implants manufactured from titanium, magnesium, and polymers. They may therefore facilitate future applications for bioactive implant coatings. However, further in vivo studies are needed to confirm the proposed effects on osteogenesis in a physiological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Fuest
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Smeets
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Gosau
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Farzaneh Aavani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Knipfer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Audrey Laure Céline Grust
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Mustafa Becerikli
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, D-44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Björn Behr
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, D-44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Levi Matthies
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Sheng D, Zhang L, Shang H, Guo B, Li Y. The Surface of a PMP Hollow Fiber Membrane Was Modified with a Diamond-like Carbon Film to Enhance the Blood Compatibility of an Artificial Lung Membrane. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:13258-13266. [PMID: 37671981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The contact between the blood and the surface of medical materials causes a series of rejection reactions. In this process, the plasma protein is adsorbed to the surface of materials within seconds and binds to glycoprotein receptors on platelets, causing platelet activation, coagulation cascade, and complement activation to form thrombus, which greatly limits the application of medical materials. In our work, the surface of poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) hollow fiber membranes (PMP HFMs) was coated with a diamond-like carbon (DLC) film by the ion plating method. The blood compatibility of the DLC coating was evaluated by protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, clotting time, red blood cell (RBCs) hemolysis, dynamic coagulation, and extracorporeal blood circulation tests. Compared with the unmodified PMP membrane, the DLC film could effectively reduce protein adsorption and platelet adhesion and prolong the coagulation time. The DLC coating showed BSA adsorption of as low as 0.53 μg/cm2 as well as a long activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) value of 71.84 s. Furthermore, the PMP membrane modified with the DLC coating was used for extracorporeal blood circulation without thrombosis forming within 28 days. The DLC coating is one of the most promising medical coatings as an artificial lung membrane in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongfei Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Baoming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
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7
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Chen R, Huang M, Xu P. Polyphosphate as an antithrombotic target and hemostatic agent. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7855-7872. [PMID: 37534776 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01152f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Polyphosphate (PolyP) is a polymer comprised of linear phosphate units connected by phosphate anhydride bonds. PolyP exists in a diverse range of eukaryotes and prokaryotes with varied chain lengths ranging from six to thousands of phosphate units. Upon activation, human platelets and neutrophils release short-chain PolyP, along with other components, to initiate the coagulation pathway. Long-chain PolyP derived from cellular or bacterial organelles exhibits higher proinflammatory and procoagulant effects compared to short-chain PolyP. Notably, PolyP has been identified as a low-hemorrhagic antithrombotic target since neutralizing plasma PolyP suppresses the thrombotic process without impairing the hemostatic functions. As an inorganic polymer without uniform steric configuration, PolyP is typically targeted by cationic polymers or recombinant polyphosphatases rather than conventional antibodies, small-molecule compounds, or peptides. Additionally, because of its procoagulant property, PolyP has been incorporated in wound-dressing materials to facilitate blood hemostasis. This review summarizes current studies on PolyP as a low-hemorrhagic antithrombotic target and the development of hemostatic materials based on PolyP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Chen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China.
| | - Mingdong Huang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China.
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8
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Gerstman E, Hendler-Neumark A, Wulf V, Bisker G. Monitoring the Formation of Fibrin Clots as Part of the Coagulation Cascade Using Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:21866-21876. [PMID: 37128896 PMCID: PMC10176323 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Blood coagulation is a critical defense mechanism against bleeding that results in the conversion of liquid blood into a solid clot through a complicated cascade, which involves multiple clotting factors. One of the final steps in the coagulation pathway is the conversion of fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin mediated by thrombin. Because coagulation disorders can be life-threatening, the development of novel methods for monitoring the coagulation cascade dynamics is of high importance. Here, we use near-infrared (NIR)-fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to image and monitor fibrin clotting in real time. Following the binding of fibrinogen to a tailored SWCNT platform, thrombin transforms the fibrinogen into fibrin monomers, which start to polymerize. The SWCNTs are incorporated within the clot and can be clearly visualized in the NIR-fluorescent channel, where the signal-to-noise ratio is improved compared to bright-field imaging in the visible range. Moreover, the diffusion of individual SWCNTs within the fibrin clot gradually slows down after the addition of thrombin, manifesting a coagulation rate that depends on both fibrinogen and thrombin concentrations. Our platform can open new opportunities for coagulation disorder diagnostics and allow for real-time monitoring of the coagulation cascade with a NIR optical signal output in the biological transparency window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Gerstman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Adi Hendler-Neumark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Verena Wulf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Gili Bisker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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9
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Wu J, Zhang H, Lian T, Ding Y, Song C, Li D, Wu L, Lei T, Liang H. Biological activity of a new recombinant human coagulation factor VIII and its efficacy in a small animal model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 640:80-87. [PMID: 36502635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency in human coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) causes hemophilia A (HA). Patients with HA may suffer from spontaneous bleeding, which can be life-threatening. Recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) is an established treatment and prevention agent for bleeding in patients with HA. Human plasma-derived FVIII (pdFVIII), commonly used in clinical practice, is relatively difficult to prepare. In this study, we developed a novel B-domain-deleted rFVIII, produced and formulated without the use of animal or human serum-derived components. rFVIII promoted the generation of activated factor X and downstream thrombin, and, similar to that of other available FVIII preparations, its activity was inhibited by FVIII inhibitors. In addition, rFVIII has ideal binding affinity to human von Willebrand factor. Activated FVIII (FVIIIa) could be degraded by activated protein C and lose its procoagulant activity. In vitro, commercially available recombinant FVIII (Xyntha) and pdFVIII were used as controls, and there were no statistical differences between rFVIII and commercial FVIII preparations, which demonstrates the satisfactory efficacy and potency of rFVIII. In vivo, HA mice showed that infusion of rFVIII rapidly corrected activated partial thromboplastin time, similar to Xyntha. Moreover, different batches of rFVIII were comparable. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of rFVIII as an effective strategy for the treatment of FVIII deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzheng Wu
- Chengdu Rongsheng Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co. Ltd., 100024, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Lian
- Chengdu Rongsheng Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaling Ding
- Chengdu Rongsheng Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunlei Song
- Chengdu Rongsheng Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Dekuan Li
- Chengdu Rongsheng Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Liheng Wu
- Chengdu Rongsheng Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Lei
- Chengdu Rongsheng Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hong Liang
- Chengdu Rongsheng Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 610041, Chengdu, China; Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co. Ltd., 100024, Beijing, China.
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10
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Al-Horani RA. 3-( 1H-Imidazol-2-Yl)-2,3,8,8a-Tetrahydroindolizin-5( 1H)-One Derivatives are Useful as Factor Xia Inhibitors and Their Preparation. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2023; 21:240-242. [PMID: 36654472 PMCID: PMC10473546 DOI: 10.2174/1871525721666230118140531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rami A. Al-Horani
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans LA 70125 United, States
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11
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Alvarenga PH, Andersen JF. An Overview of D7 Protein Structure and Physiological Roles in Blood-Feeding Nematocera. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:biology12010039. [PMID: 36671732 PMCID: PMC9855781 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Each time an insect bites a vertebrate host, skin and vascular injury caused by piercing triggers a series of responses including hemostasis, inflammation and immunity. In place, this set of redundant and interconnected responses would ultimately cause blood coagulation, itching and pain leading to host awareness, resulting in feeding interruption in the best-case scenario. Nevertheless, hematophagous arthropod saliva contains a complex cocktail of molecules that are crucial to the success of blood-feeding. Among important protein families described so far in the saliva of blood sucking arthropods, is the D7, abundantly expressed in blood feeding Nematocera. D7 proteins are distantly related to insect Odorant-Binding Proteins (OBP), and despite low sequence identity, observation of structural similarity led to the suggestion that like OBPs, they should bind/sequester small hydrophobic compounds. Members belonging to this family are divided in short forms and long forms, containing one or two OBP-like domains, respectively. Here, we provide a review of D7 proteins structure and function, discussing how gene duplication and some modifications in their OBP-like domains during the course of evolution lead to gain and loss of function among different hematophagous Diptera species.
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12
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Tang K, Wang S, Gao W, Song Y, Yu B. Harnessing the cyclization strategy for new drug discovery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:4309-4326. [PMID: 36562004 PMCID: PMC9764076 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of new ligands with high affinity and specificity against the targets of interest has been a central focus in drug discovery. As one of the most commonly used methods in drug discovery, the cyclization represents a feasible strategy to identify new lead compounds by increasing structural novelty, scaffold diversity and complexity. Such strategy could also be potentially used for the follow-on drug discovery without patent infringement. In recent years, the cyclization strategy has witnessed great success in the discovery of new lead compounds against different targets for treating various diseases. Herein, we first briefly summarize the use of the cyclization strategy in the discovery of new small-molecule lead compounds, including the proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTAC) molecules. Particularly, we focus on four main strategies including fused ring cyclization, chain cyclization, spirocyclization and macrocyclization and highlight the use of the cyclization strategy in lead generation. Finally, the challenges including the synthetic intractability, relatively poor pharmacokinetics (PK) profiles and the absence of the structural information for rational structure-based cyclization are also briefly discussed. We hope this review, not exhaustive, could provide a timely overview on the cyclization strategy for the discovery of new lead compounds.
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13
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Genetic duplication of tissue factor reveals subfunctionalization in venous and arterial hemostasis. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010534. [PMID: 36449521 PMCID: PMC9744294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is an evolutionarily conserved protein necessary for initiation of hemostasis. Zebrafish have two copies of the tissue factor gene (f3a and f3b) as the result of an ancestral teleost fish duplication event (so called ohnologs). In vivo physiologic studies of TF function have been difficult given early lethality of TF knockout in the mouse. We used genome editing to produce knockouts of both f3a and f3b in zebrafish. Since ohnologs arose through sub- or neofunctionalization, they can unmask unknown functions of non-teleost genes and could reveal whether mammalian TF has developmental functions distinct from coagulation. Here we show that a single copy of either f3a or f3b is necessary and sufficient for normal lifespan. Complete loss of TF results in lethal hemorrhage by 2-4 months despite normal embryonic and vascular development. Larval vascular endothelial injury reveals predominant roles for TFa in venous circulation and TFb in arterial circulation. Finally, we demonstrate that loss of TF predisposes to a stress-induced cardiac tamponade independent of its role in fibrin formation. Overall, our data suggest partial subfunctionalization of TFa and TFb. This multigenic zebrafish model has the potential to facilitate study of the role of TF in different vascular beds.
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14
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In-situ modified polyethersulfone oxygenation membrane with improved hemocompatibility and gas transfer efficiency. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Hemocompatibility challenge of membrane oxygenator for artificial lung technology. Acta Biomater 2022; 152:19-46. [PMID: 36089235 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The artificial lung (AL) technology is one of the membrane-based artificial organs that partly augments lung functions, i.e. blood oxygenation and CO2 removal. It is generally employed as an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) device to treat acute and chronic lung-failure patients, and the recent outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has re-emphasized the importance of this technology. The principal component in AL is the polymeric membrane oxygenator that facilitates the O2/CO2 exchange with the blood. Despite the considerable improvement in anti-thrombogenic biomaterials in other applications (e.g., stents), AL research has not advanced at the same rate. This is partly because AL research requires interdisciplinary knowledge in biomaterials and membrane technology. Some of the promising biomaterials with reasonable hemocompatibility - such as emerging fluoropolymers of extremely low surface energy - must first be fabricated into membranes to exhibit effective gas exchange performance. As AL membranes must also demonstrate high hemocompatibility in tandem, it is essential to test the membranes using in-vitro hemocompatibility experiments before in-vivo test. Hence, it is vital to have a reliable in-vitro experimental protocol that can be reasonably correlated with the in-vivo results. However, current in-vitro AL studies are unsystematic to allow a consistent comparison with in-vivo results. More specifically, current literature on AL biomaterial in-vitro hemocompatibility data are not quantitatively comparable due to the use of unstandardized and unreliable protocols. Such a wide gap has been the main bottleneck in the improvement of AL research, preventing promising biomaterials from reaching clinical trials. This review summarizes the current state-of-the-art and status of AL technology from membrane researcher perspectives. Particularly, most of the reported in-vitro experiments to assess AL membrane hemocompatibility are compiled and critically compared to suggest the most reliable method suitable for AL biomaterial research. Also, a brief review of current approaches to improve AL hemocompatibility is summarized. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The importance of Artificial Lung (AL) technology has been re-emphasized in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. The utmost bottleneck in the current AL technology is the poor hemocompatibility of the polymer membrane used for O2/CO2 gas exchange, limiting its use in the long-term. Unfortunately, most of the in-vitro AL experiments are unsystematic, irreproducible, and unreliable. There are no standardized in-vitro hemocompatibility characterization protocols for quantitative comparison between AL biomaterials. In this review, we tackled this bottleneck by compiling the scattered in-vitro data and suggesting the most suitable experimental protocol to obtain reliable and comparable hemocompatibility results. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review paper focusing on the hemocompatibility challenge of AL technology.
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16
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Badulescu OV, Sirbu PD, Filip N, Bordeianu G, Cojocaru E, Budacu CC, Badescu MC, Bararu-Bojan I, Veliceasa B, Ciocoiu M. Hereditary Thrombophilia in the Era of COVID-19. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10060993. [PMID: 35742044 PMCID: PMC9223139 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10060993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombophilia, also called hypercoagulability or prothrombotic condition, usually reflects a certain imbalance that occurs either in the coagulation cascade or in the anticoagulation/fibrinolytic system. A similar imbalance may be induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Thrombotic complications are associated with multiorgan failure and increased mortality. In this context, activation of coagulation and thrombocytopenia appeared as prognostic markers in COVID-19. Our work provides a structured and updated analysis of inherited thrombophilia and its involvement in COVID-19, emphasizing the importance of diagnosing and initiating thromboprophylaxis. Since the state of hypercoagulation is directly correlated with COVID-19, we consider that studies on the genetic profiles of proteins involved in thrombophilia in patients who have had COVID-19 and thrombotic events are of great importance, both in treating and in preventing deaths due to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Viola Badulescu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Morpho-Functional Sciences (II), Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (O.V.B.); (I.B.-B.); (M.C.)
| | - Paul Dan Sirbu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Surgical Science (II), Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (P.D.S.); (B.V.)
| | - Nina Filip
- Department of Biochemistry, Morpho-Functional Sciences (II), Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence: (N.F.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Gabriela Bordeianu
- Department of Biochemistry, Morpho-Functional Sciences (II), Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Elena Cojocaru
- Department Morpho-Functional Sciences (I), Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Cristian Constantin Budacu
- Department of Dentoalveolar and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Minerva Codruta Badescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (N.F.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Iris Bararu-Bojan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Morpho-Functional Sciences (II), Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (O.V.B.); (I.B.-B.); (M.C.)
| | - Bogdan Veliceasa
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Surgical Science (II), Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (P.D.S.); (B.V.)
| | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Morpho-Functional Sciences (II), Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (O.V.B.); (I.B.-B.); (M.C.)
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17
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Dizon GV, Toribio Fowler PM, Venault A, Yeh CC, Tayo LL, Caparanga AR, Aimar P, Chang Y. Dopamine-Induced Surface Zwitterionization of Expanded Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) for Constructing Thermostable Bioinert Materials. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1532-1543. [PMID: 35319182 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although energy-demanding, the surface modification of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) for biomedical applications is mandatory to mitigate irreversible biofouling that occurs whenever PTFE comes into contact with biological fluids. Here, we propose to take advantage of the adhesive properties of dopamine (DA) and of the antifouling ability of various zwitterionic monomers (sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA), sulfobetaine methacrylamide (SBAA), sulfobetaine acrylamide (SBAA'), and 4-vinylpyridine propylsulfobetaine (4VPPS)) and form antifouling coatings by copolymerization on the surface of expanded PTFE membranes. This simple, low-energy, and one-step coating procedure arises in significant biofouling mitigation. All zwitterionic coatings led to important reduction of biofouling by red blood cell conentrate (88-94%), platelet conentrate (70-90%), whole blood (40-66%), or bacteria (83-96%). Also, it is shown that the interactions of polydopamine with ePTFE are stable even at high temperatures. However, the zwitterionic monomers are differently affected. While the performance of SBMA coatings decreased (as SBMA is prone to hydrolysis), those of SBAA, SBAA', and 4VPPS coatings were generally maintained. All in all, this study illustrates that efficient and stable antifouling zwitterionic coatings can be generated onto PTFE membranes for biomedical applications, without the use of conventional high-energy-demanding surface modification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Vincent Dizon
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
| | - Peter Matthew Toribio Fowler
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines.,School of Graduate Studies, Mapúa University, Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Antoine Venault
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chen Yeh
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
| | - Lemmuel L Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Alvin R Caparanga
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Pierre Aimar
- Laboratoire de Geńie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Yung Chang
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
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18
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Dilger AK, Pabbisetty KB, Corte JR, De Lucca I, Fang T, Yang W, Pinto DJP, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Mathur A, Li J, Hou X, Smith D, Sun D, Zhang H, Krishnananthan S, Wu DR, Myers JE, Sheriff S, Rossi KA, Chacko S, Zheng JJ, Galella MA, Ziemba T, Dierks EA, Bozarth JM, Wu Y, Crain E, Wong PC, Luettgen JM, Wexler RR, Ewing WR. Discovery of Milvexian, a High-Affinity, Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of Factor XIa in Clinical Studies for Antithrombotic Therapy. J Med Chem 2022; 65:1770-1785. [PMID: 34494428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Factor XIa (FXIa) is an enzyme in the coagulation cascade thought to amplify thrombin generation but has a limited role in hemostasis. From preclinical models and human genetics, an inhibitor of FXIa has the potential to be an antithrombotic agent with superior efficacy and safety. Reversible and irreversible inhibitors of FXIa have demonstrated excellent antithrombotic efficacy without increased bleeding time in animal models (Weitz, J. I., Chan, N. C. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2019, 39 (1), 7-12). Herein, we report the discovery of a novel series of macrocyclic FXIa inhibitors containing a pyrazole P2' moiety. Optimization of the series for (pharmacokinetic) PK properties, free fraction, and solubility resulted in the identification of milvexian (BMS-986177/JNJ-70033093, 17, FXIa Ki = 0.11 nM) as a clinical candidate for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders, suitable for oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Dilger
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Kumar B Pabbisetty
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - James R Corte
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Indawati De Lucca
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Tianan Fang
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Wu Yang
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Donald J P Pinto
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Yeheng Zhu
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jianqing Li
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Xiaoping Hou
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Daniel Smith
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Dawn Sun
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Subramaniam Krishnananthan
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Dauh-Rurng Wu
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Joseph E Myers
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Steven Sheriff
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Karen A Rossi
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Silvi Chacko
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Joanna J Zheng
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Michael A Galella
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Theresa Ziemba
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Dierks
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Bozarth
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Yiming Wu
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Earl Crain
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Pancras C Wong
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Joseph M Luettgen
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Ruth R Wexler
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - William R Ewing
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
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19
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WPK5, a Novel Kunitz-Type Peptide from the Leech Whitmania pigra Inhibiting Factor XIa, and Its Loop-Replaced Mutant to Improve Potency. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121745. [PMID: 34944561 PMCID: PMC8698482 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kunitz-type proteins or peptides have been found in many blood-sucking animals, but the identity of them in leeches remained elusive. In the present study, five Kunitz-type peptides named WPK1-WPK5 were identified from the leech Whitmania pigra. Recombinant WPK1-WPK5 were expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115, and their inhibitory activity against Factor XIa (FXIa) was tested. WPK5 showed inhibitory activity against FXIa with an IC50 value of 978.20 nM. To improve its potency, the loop replacement strategy was used. The loop 1 (TGPCRSNLER) and loop 2 (QYGGC) in WPK5 were replaced by loop 1 (TGPCRAMISR) and loop 2 (FYGGC) in PN2KPI, respectively, and the resulting peptide named WPK5-Mut showed an IC50 value of 8.34 nM to FXIa, which is about 100-fold the potency of FXIa compared to that of WPK5. WPK5-Mut was further evaluated for its extensive bioactivity in vitro and in vivo. It dose-dependently prolonged APTT on both murine plasma and human plasma, and potently inhibited FeCl3-induced carotid artery thrombosis in mice at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg. Additionally, WPK5-Mut did not show significant bleeding risk at a dose of 6 mg/kg. Together, these results showed that WPK5-Mut is a promising candidate for the development of an antithrombotic drug.
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20
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Eikelboom J, Floege J, Thadhani R, Weitz JI, Winkelmayer WC. Anticoagulation in patients with kidney failure on dialysis: factor XI as a therapeutic target. Kidney Int 2021; 100:1199-1207. [PMID: 34600964 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is present in almost 10% of the world population and is associated with excess mortality and morbidity. Reduced glomerular filtration rate and the presence and extent of proteinuria, key domains of chronic kidney disease, have both been shown to be strong and independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Patients with kidney failure requiring dialysis are at highest risk for cardiovascular events (e.g., stroke or myocardial infarction), and of developing chronic cardiovascular conditions, such as heart failure. Despite the high burden of cardiovascular disease, there is a paucity of evidence supporting therapies to reduce this risk. Although long-term anticoagulant treatment has the potential to prevent thromboembolism in persons with kidney failure on dialysis, this possibility remains understudied. The limited data available on anticoagulation in patients with kidney failure has focused on vitamin K antagonists or direct oral anticoagulants that inhibit thrombin or factor (F) Xa. The risk of bleeding is a major concern with these agents. However, FXI is emerging as a potential safer target for new anticoagulants because FXI plays a greater part in thrombosis than in hemostasis. In this article, we (i) explain the rationale for considering anticoagulation therapy in patients with kidney failure to reduce atherothrombotic events, (ii) highlight the limitations of current anticoagulants in this patient population, (iii) explain the potential benefits of FXI inhibitors, and (iv) summarize ongoing studies investigating FXI inhibition in patients with kidney failure on dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Eikelboom
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Department of Nephrology, RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ravi Thadhani
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Weitz
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton General Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wolfgang C Winkelmayer
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology and Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
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21
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Ratto N, Bouchnita A, Chelle P, Marion M, Panteleev M, Nechipurenko D, Tardy-Poncet B, Volpert V. Patient-Specific Modelling of Blood Coagulation. Bull Math Biol 2021; 83:50. [PMID: 33772645 PMCID: PMC7998098 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-021-00890-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Blood coagulation represents one of the most studied processes in biomedical modelling. However, clinical applications of this modelling remain limited because of the complexity of this process and because of large inter-patient variation of the concentrations of blood factors, kinetic constants and physiological conditions. Determination of some of these patients-specific parameters is experimentally possible, but it would be related to excessive time and material costs impossible in clinical practice. We propose in this work a methodological approach to patient-specific modelling of blood coagulation. It begins with conventional thrombin generation tests allowing the determination of parameters of a reduced kinetic model. Next, this model is used to study spatial distributions of blood factors and blood coagulation in flow, and to evaluate the results of medical treatment of blood coagulation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ratto
- UMR 5208 CNRS, Institute Camille Jordan, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ecully, France
| | - A Bouchnita
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - P Chelle
- Center for Health Engineering, UMR 5307, Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2023, Saint-Étienne, France.,EA3065, University Jean Monnet, 42023, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - M Marion
- UMR 5208 CNRS, Institute Camille Jordan, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ecully, France
| | - M Panteleev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Nechipurenko
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia
| | - B Tardy-Poncet
- EA3065, University Jean Monnet, 42023, Saint-Étienne, France.,Inserm CIC1408, CHU de Saint-Etienne, 42023, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - V Volpert
- UMR 5208 CNRS, Institut Camille Jordan, University Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France. .,INRIA Team Dracula, INRIA Lyon La Doua, 69603, Villeurbanne, France. .,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, Russia, 117198.
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22
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Hisada Y, Moser B, Kawano T, Revenko AS, Crosby JR, Spronk HM, Mackman N. The Intrinsic Pathway does not Contribute to Activation of Coagulation in Mice Bearing Human Pancreatic Tumors Expressing Tissue Factor. Thromb Haemost 2021; 121:967-970. [PMID: 33498089 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Hisada
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomohiro Kawano
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Alexey S Revenko
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Antisense Drug Discovery, Carlsbad, California, United States
| | - Jeff R Crosby
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Antisense Drug Discovery, Carlsbad, California, United States
| | - Henri M Spronk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry, Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nigel Mackman
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
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Barros PDSD, Silva PECE, Nascimento TP, Costa RMPB, Bezerra RP, Porto ALF. Fibrinolytic enzyme from Arthrospira platensis cultivated in medium culture supplemented with corn steep liquor. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3446-3453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Meini S, Zanichelli A, Sbrojavacca R, Iuri F, Roberts AT, Suffritti C, Tascini C. Understanding the Pathophysiology of COVID-19: Could the Contact System Be the Key? Front Immunol 2020; 11:2014. [PMID: 32849666 PMCID: PMC7432138 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To date the pathophysiology of COVID-19 remains unclear: this represents a factor determining the current lack of effective treatments. In this paper, we hypothesized a complex host response to SARS-CoV-2, with the Contact System (CS) playing a pivotal role in innate immune response. CS is linked with different proteolytic defense systems operating in human vasculature: the Kallikrein–Kinin (KKS), the Coagulation/Fibrinolysis and the Renin–Angiotensin (RAS) Systems. We investigated the role of the mediators involved. CS consists of Factor XII (FXII) and plasma prekallikrein (complexed to high-molecular-weight kininogen-HK). Autoactivation of FXII by contact with SARS-CoV-2 could lead to activation of intrinsic coagulation, with fibrin formation (microthrombosis), and fibrinolysis, resulting in increased D-dimer levels. Activation of kallikrein by activated FXII leads to production of bradykinin (BK) from HK. BK binds to B2-receptors, mediating vascular permeability, vasodilation and edema. B1-receptors, binding the metabolite [des-Arg9]-BK (DABK), are up-regulated during infections and mediate lung inflammatory responses. BK could play a relevant role in COVID-19 as already described for other viral models. Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme (ACE) 2 displays lung protective effects: it inactivates DABK and converts Angiotensin II (Ang II) into Angiotensin-(1-7) and Angiotensin I into Angiotensin-(1-9). SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2 for cell entry, downregulating it: an impaired DABK inactivation could lead to an enhanced activity of B1-receptors, and the accumulation of Ang II, through a negative feedback loop, may result in decreased ACE activity, with consequent increase of BK. Therapies targeting the CS, the KKS and action of BK could be effective for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Meini
- Internal Medicine Unit, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Zanichelli
- General Medicine Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Ospedale Luigi Sacco-Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Sbrojavacca
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Santa Maria Misericordia Hospital, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Federico Iuri
- Department of Emergency, Santa Maria Misericordia Hospital, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Suffritti
- General Medicine Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Ospedale Luigi Sacco-Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Tascini
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Santa Maria Misericordia Hospital, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
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Wilbs J, Kong XD, Middendorp SJ, Prince R, Cooke A, Demarest CT, Abdelhafez MM, Roberts K, Umei N, Gonschorek P, Lamers C, Deyle K, Rieben R, Cook KE, Angelillo-Scherrer A, Heinis C. Cyclic peptide FXII inhibitor provides safe anticoagulation in a thrombosis model and in artificial lungs. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3890. [PMID: 32753636 PMCID: PMC7403315 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17648-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting thrombosis without generating bleeding risks is a major challenge in medicine. A promising solution may be the inhibition of coagulation factor XII (FXII), because its knock-out or inhibition in animals reduced thrombosis without causing abnormal bleeding. Herein, we have engineered a macrocyclic peptide inhibitor of activated FXII (FXIIa) with sub-nanomolar activity (Ki = 370 ± 40 pM) and a high stability (t1/2 > 5 days in plasma), allowing for the preclinical evaluation of a first synthetic FXIIa inhibitor. This 1899 Da molecule, termed FXII900, efficiently blocks FXIIa in mice, rabbits, and pigs. We found that it reduces ferric-chloride-induced experimental thrombosis in mice and suppresses blood coagulation in an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) setting in rabbits, all without increasing the bleeding risk. This shows that FXIIa activity is controllable in vivo with a synthetic inhibitor, and that the inhibitor FXII900 is a promising candidate for safe thromboprotection in acute medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Wilbs
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xu-Dong Kong
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simon J Middendorp
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raja Prince
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alida Cooke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Caitlin T Demarest
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Mai M Abdelhafez
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kalliope Roberts
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Nao Umei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Patrick Gonschorek
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christina Lamers
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kaycie Deyle
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robert Rieben
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Keith E Cook
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Anne Angelillo-Scherrer
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Heinis
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Kao SST, Bassiouni A, Ramezanpour M, Finnie J, Chegeni N, Colella AD, Chataway TK, Wormald PJ, Vreugde S, Psaltis AJ. Proteomic analysis of nasal mucus samples of healthy patients and patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:168-178. [PMID: 32750382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has a complex and multifactorial pathogenesis with a heterogeneous inflammatory profile. Proteomic analysis of nasal mucus may enable further understanding of protein abundances and biologic processes present in CRS and its endotypes compared with in healthy patients. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to determine differences in the nasal mucus proteome of healthy patients and patients with CRS. METHODS Nasal mucus was obtained from healthy patients, patients with CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and patients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) before surgery. Gel electrophoresis was performed to fractionate the complex protein extracts before mass spectrometry analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed on differentially expressed proteins. RESULTS A total of 33 patients were included in this study (12 healthy, 10 with CRSsNP, and 11 with CRSwNP). In all, 1142 proteins were identified in mucus samples from healthy patients, 761 in mucus samples from patients with CRSsNP, and 998 in mucus samples from patients with CRSwNP. Dysfunction in immunologic pathways, reduced cellular signaling, and increased cellular metabolism with associated tissue remodeling pathways were present in patients with CRS compared with in healthy patients. CONCLUSION Significant downregulation of mucosal immunity and antioxidant pathways with increased tissue modeling processes may account for the clinical manifestations of CRS. Ultimately, the differing proteome and biologic processes provide further insight into CRS pathogenesis and its endotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Shih-Teng Kao
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Woodville South, Australia
| | - Ahmed Bassiouni
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Woodville South, Australia
| | - Mahnaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Woodville South, Australia
| | - John Finnie
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide and South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nusha Chegeni
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide and South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia; Flinders Proteomic Facility, Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Alex D Colella
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide and South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia; Flinders Proteomic Facility, Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Timothy K Chataway
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide and South Australia Pathology, Adelaide, Australia; Flinders Proteomic Facility, Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Peter-John Wormald
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Woodville South, Australia
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Woodville South, Australia
| | - Alkis James Psaltis
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Woodville South, Australia.
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Trevisan BM, Porada CD, Atala A, Almeida-Porada G. Microfluidic devices for studying coagulation biology. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 112:1-7. [PMID: 32563678 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability to study the behavior of cells, proteins, and cell-cell or cell-protein interactions under dynamic forces such as shear stress under fluid flow, provides a more accurate understanding of the physiopathology of hemostasis. This review touches upon the traditional methods for studying blood coagulation and platelet aggregation and provides an overview on cellular and protein response to shear stress. We also elaborate on the biological aspects of how cells recognize mechanical forces and convert them into biochemical signals that can drive various signaling pathways. We give a detailed description of the various types of microfluidic devices that are employed to study the complex processes of platelet aggregation and blood coagulation under flow conditions as well as to investigate endothelial shear-response. We also highlight works mimicking artificial vessels as platforms to study the mechanisms of coagulation, and finish our review by describing anticipated clinical uses of microfluidics devices and their standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady M Trevisan
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Christopher D Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Graça Almeida-Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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28
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Li P, Zhang Z, Liao Q, Meng E, Mwangi J, Lai R, Rong M. LCTX-F2, a Novel Potentiator of Coagulation Factors From the Spider Venom of Lycosa singoriensis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:896. [PMID: 32612531 PMCID: PMC7308506 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spider venoms contain many functional proteins/peptides such as proteinases, serine/cysteine proteinase inhibitors, insecticidal toxins, and ion channel toxins. However, to date, no peptide toxin with procoagulant activities has been identified from spider venom. In this study, a novel toxin LCTX-F2 with coagulation-promoting activity was identified and characterized in the venom of the spider Lycosa singoriensis (L. singoriensis). LCTX-F2 significantly shortened activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), clotting time, and plasma recalcification time. This toxin directly interacted with several coagulation factors such as FXIIa, kallikrein, thrombin, and FXa and increased their protease activities. In liver bleeding and tail bleeding mouse models, LCTX-F2 significantly decreased the number of blood cells and bleeding time in a dose-dependent manner. At the same dosage, LCTX-F2 exhibited a more significant procoagulant effect than epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA). Moreover, LCTX-F2 showed no cytotoxic or hemolytic activity against either normal cells or red blood cells. Our results suggested that LCTX-F2 is a potentiator of coagulation factors with the potential for use in the development of procoagulant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Li
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongzhe Zhang
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Liao
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Er Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - James Mwangi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China
| | - Ren Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China
| | - Mingqiang Rong
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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29
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Qin L, He M, Yang Y, Fu Z, Tang C, Shao Z, Zhang J, Mao W. Anticoagulant-active sulfated arabinogalactan from Chaetomorpha linum: Structural characterization and action on coagulation factors. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 242:116394. [PMID: 32564857 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A sulfated polysaccharide from the green alga Chaetomorpha linum, designated CLS4, was isolated by water extraction, anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Chemical and spectroscopic analyses demonstrated that CLS4 was a sulfated arabinogalactan, which was constituted by (1→6)-β-d-galactopyranose and (1→5)-α-l-arabinofuranose residues with sulfate groups at C-2/ C-3 of (1→5)-α-l-arabinofuranose and C-2/C-4 of (1→6)-β-d-galactopyranose. CLS4 possessed strong anticoagulant activity in vitro or in vivo as evaluated by activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time assays. CLS4 largely inhibited the activities of the coagulation factors XII, XI, IX and VIII. CLS4 was a potent thrombin inhibitor mediated by antithrombin III (ATIII) or heparin cofactor II, and it also effectively stimulated the factor Xa inhibition by potentiating ATIII. Moreover, CLS4 had a high thrombolytic activity in vitro as assessed by clot lytic rate assay. The results suggested that CLS4 could be a promising source of anticoagulant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Meijia He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yajing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zitao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Cuicui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhuling Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenjun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
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30
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Tang X, Zhang Z, Fang M, Han Y, Wang G, Wang S, Xue M, Li Y, Zhang L, Wu J, Yang B, Mwangi J, Lu Q, Du X, Lai R. Transferrin plays a central role in coagulation balance by interacting with clotting factors. Cell Res 2020; 30:119-132. [PMID: 31811276 PMCID: PMC7015052 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulation balance is maintained through fine-tuned interactions among clotting factors, whose physiological concentrations vary substantially. In particular, the concentrations of coagulation proteases (pM to nM) are much lower than their natural inactivator antithrombin (AT, ~ 3 μM), suggesting the existence of other coordinators. In the current study, we found that transferrin (normal plasma concentration ~40 μM) interacts with fibrinogen, thrombin, factor XIIa (FXIIa), and AT with different affinity to maintain coagulation balance. Normally, transferrin is sequestered by binding with fibrinogen (normal plasma concentration ~10 μM) at a molar ratio of 4:1. In atherosclerosis, abnormally up-regulated transferrin interacts with and potentiates thrombin/FXIIa and blocks AT's inactivation effect on coagulation proteases by binding to AT, thus inducing hypercoagulability. In the mouse model, transferrin overexpression aggravated atherosclerosis, whereas transferrin inhibition via shRNA knockdown or treatment with anti-transferrin antibody or designed peptides interfering with transferrin-thrombin/FXIIa interactions alleviated atherosclerosis. Collectively, these findings identify that transferrin is an important clotting regulator and an adjuster in the maintenance of coagulation balance and modifies the coagulation cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, 650223, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhiye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, 650223, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mingqian Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, 650223, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yajun Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, 650223, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Gan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, 650223, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, 430070, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Xue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, 650223, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yaxiong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 650041, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 650041, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 650041, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Biqing Yang
- Department of Laboratory, Dehong People's Hospital, 678400, Dehong, Yunnan, China
| | - James Mwangi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, 650223, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiumin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, 650223, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoping Du
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ren Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, 650223, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- Institute for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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31
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Variability in international normalized ratio and activated partial thromboplastin time after injury are not explained by coagulation factor deficits. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2020; 87:582-589. [PMID: 31136528 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000002385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional coagulation assays (CCAs), prothrombin time (PT)/international normalized ratio (INR) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), detect clotting factor (CF) deficiencies in hematologic disorders. However, there is controversy about how these CCAs should be used to diagnose, treat, and monitor trauma-induced coagulopathy. Study objectives were to determine whether CCA abnormalities are reflective of deficiencies of coagulation factor activity in the setting of severe injury. METHODS Patients without previous CF deficiency within a prospective database at an ACS-verified Level I trauma center had CF activity levels, PT/INR, aPTT, and fibrinogen levels measured upon emergency department arrival from 2014 to 2017. Linear regression assessed how CF activity explained the aPTT and PT/INR variation. Prolonged CCA values were set as INR greater than 1.3 and aPTT greater than 34 seconds. CF deficiency was defined as less than 30% activity, except for fibrinogen, defined as less than 150 mg/dL. RESULTS Sixty patients with a mean age of 35.8 (SD, 13.6) years and median New Injury Severity Score of 32 (interquartile range, 12-43) were included; 53.3% sustained blunt injuries, 23.3% required massive transfusion, and mortality was 11.67%. Overall, 44.6% of the PT/INR variance and 49.5% of the aPTT variance remained unexplained by CF activity. Deficiencies of CFs were: common pathway, 25%; extrinsic pathway, 1.7%; and intrinsic pathway, 6.7%. The positive predictive value for CF deficiencies were: (1) PT/INR greater than 1.3:4.4% for extrinsic pathway, 56.5% for the common pathway; (2) aPTT greater than 34 seconds:16.7% for the intrinsic pathway, 73.7% for the common pathway. CONCLUSION Almost half of the variances of PT/INR and aPTT were unexplained by CF activity. Prolonged PT/INR and aPTT were poor predictors of deficiencies in the intrinsic or extrinsic pathways; however, they were indicators of common pathway deficiencies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic, level III.
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From multi-target anticoagulants to DOACs, and intrinsic coagulation factor inhibitors. Blood Rev 2020; 39:100615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Wang X, Chen R, Li Y, Miao F. Predictive Value of Prothrombin Time for All-cause Mortality in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients .. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2019; 2018:5366-5369. [PMID: 30441549 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8513654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a serious cardiovascular disease caused by acute or persistent ischemic and anoxia of the coronary artery. A more practical and effective risk model is still remained to be established for AMI patients. This study aims to investigate the predictive value of prothrombin time (PT) in AMI patients. In this study, 2734 AMI patients available in the public MIMIC III clinical database were investigated, with 629 deaths occurring within 2-year follow-up. More than 20 risk factors including demographics, clinical disease history, laboratory test information, surgery history, and mediation information were analyzed as potential predictors for all-cause mortality in AMI patients. After adjustment for other covariates, PT was showed to be a significant risk factor for all-cause mortality in AMI patients (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.04; 95% confidence interval, 2.83 to 5.75) from Cox regression analysis. We also developed a comprehensive risk model for AMI mortality using multivariate Cox proportional hazards model based on the above 20 risk factors. Combined with PT, the model achieved a good accuracy with an AUC (area under ROC curve) of 0.843. Overall, PT is an independent predictor for 2-year mortality in AMI, and it might be useful in identifying AMI patients with a high risk for mortality.
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Schaefer M, Buchmueller A, Dittmer F, Straßburger J, Wilmen A. Allosteric Inhibition as a New Mode of Action for BAY 1213790, a Neutralizing Antibody Targeting the Activated Form of Coagulation Factor XI. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:4817-4833. [PMID: 31655039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Factor XI (FXI), the zymogen of activated FXI (FXIa), is an attractive target for novel anticoagulants because FXI inhibition offers the potential to reduce thrombosis risk while minimizing the risk of bleeding. BAY 1213790, a novel anti-FXIa antibody, was generated using phage display technology. Crystal structure analysis of the FXIa-BAY 1213790 complex demonstrated that the tyrosine-rich complementarity-determining region 3 loop of the heavy chain of BAY 1213790 penetrated deepest into the FXIa binding epitope, forming a network of favorable interactions including a direct hydrogen bond from Tyr102 to the Gln451 sidechain (2.9 Å). The newly discovered binding epitope caused a structural rearrangement of the FXIa active site, revealing a novel allosteric mechanism of FXIa inhibition by BAY 1213790. BAY 1213790 specifically inhibited FXIa with a binding affinity of 2.4 nM, and in human plasma, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and inhibited thrombin generation in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Schaefer
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Structural Biology, 13342 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Anja Buchmueller
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Cardiovascular, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Frank Dittmer
- Bayer AG, Product Supply, Pharmaceuticals, Quality Control, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Julia Straßburger
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Cardiovascular, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Andreas Wilmen
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Protein Engineering and Assays, 50829 Cologne, Germany
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Hansen KB, Shadden SC. Automated reduction of blood coagulation models. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2019; 35:e3220. [PMID: 31161687 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mathematical modeling of thrombosis typically involves modeling the coagulation cascade. Models of coagulation generally involve the reaction kinetics for dozens of proteins. The resulting system of equations is difficult to parameterize, and its numerical solution is challenging when coupled to blood flow or other physics important to clotting. Prior research suggests that essential aspects of coagulation may be reproduced by simpler models. This evidence motivates a systematic approach to model reduction. We herein introduce an automated framework to generate reduced-order models of blood coagulation. The framework consists of nested optimizations, where an outer optimization selects the optimal species for the reduced-order model and an inner optimization selects the optimal reaction rates for the new coagulation network. The framework was tested on an established 34-species coagulation model to rigorously consider what level of model fidelity is necessary to capture essential coagulation dynamics. The results indicate that a nine-species reduced-order model is sufficient to reproduce the thrombin dynamics of the benchmark 34-species model for a range of tissue factor concentrations, including those not included in the optimization process. Further model reduction begins to compromise the ability to capture the thrombin generation process. The framework proposed herein enables automated development of reduced-order models of coagulation that maintain essential dynamics used to model thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk B Hansen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Shawn C Shadden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
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Chaudhry LA, El-Sadek WYM, Chaudhry GA, Al-Atawi FE. Factor XII (Hageman Factor) Deficiency: a rare harbinger of life threatening complications. Pan Afr Med J 2019; 33:39. [PMID: 31384354 PMCID: PMC6658145 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.33.39.18117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hageman factor (factor XII) has a key role in activation of intrinsic coagulation system gauged by activated partial thromboplastin time (aPPT). Hageman factor deficiency is more often an autosomal recessive condition, but an autosomal dominant inheritance is also reported. This condition in its own is not known to cause bleeding complications rather is associated with paradoxical fatal thromboembolic complications. Exact prevalence of this condition is not known, as under normal conditions they are asymptomatic. In literature, a prevalence of 2.3% has been reported in one study on 300 patients presenting with complications. Homozygous patients has non-detectable levels of factor XII, while heterozygous individuals has variable levels ranging from 20-60%. Hageman factor is a pro-coagulation protein initiating intrinsic pathway. Intrinsic pathway is activated either by direct contact with a negative charged surface or by proteolytic activation on the endothelial cells via prekallikerin/kallikerin system. Factor XII as an integral part of this system leads to factor XI activation resulting in production of thrombin orchestrated by intrinsic system. In addition, there is concomitant activation of complement components C3 and C5 via C1-estrase activation. Patients with this condition are known to have spontaneous thromboembolic complications although less common but are prone to life threatening complications under provocating circumstances. The aim of this case report is to study the relation of factor XII deficiency and isolated raised activated partial thromboplastin time (aPPT) and how it can be prevented. We are presenting a Saudi female patient, 29 years of age who presented to accident and emergency room (A&E room) of our hospital with sudden severe breathlessness and chest pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liaqat Ali Chaudhry
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Salman Armed Forces Hospital Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Feddha Eid Al-Atawi
- Department of Internal Medicine King Salman Armed Forces Hospital Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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Lin TX, Lai PX, Mao JY, Chu HW, Unnikrishnan B, Anand A, Huang CC. Supramolecular Aptamers on Graphene Oxide for Efficient Inhibition of Thrombin Activity. Front Chem 2019; 7:280. [PMID: 31157200 PMCID: PMC6532589 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO), a two-dimensional material with a high aspect ratio and polar functional groups, can physically adsorb single-strand DNA through different types of interactions, such as hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking, making it an attractive nanocarrier for nucleic acids. In this work, we demonstrate a strategy to target exosites I and II of thrombin simultaneously by using programmed hybrid-aptamers for enhanced anticoagulation efficiency and stability. The targeting ligand is denoted as Supra-TBA15/29 (supramolecular TBA15/29), containing TBA15 (a 15-base nucleotide, targeting exosite I of thrombin) and TBA29 (a 29-base nucleotide, targeting exosite II of thrombin), and it is designed to allow consecutive hybridization of TBA15 and TBA29 to form a network of TBAs (i.e., supra-TBA15/29). The programmed hybrid-aptamers (Supra-TBA15/29) were self-assembled on GO to further boost anticoagulation activity by inhibiting thrombin activity, and thus suppress the thrombin-induced fibrin formation from fibrinogen. The Supra-TBA15/29-GO composite was formed mainly through multivalent interaction between poly(adenine) from Supra-TBA15/29 and GO. We controlled the assembly of Supra-TBA15/29 on GO by regulating the preparation temperature and the concentration ratio of Supra-TBA15/29 to GO to optimize the distance between TBA15 and TBA29 units, aptamer density, and aptamer orientation on the GO surfaces. The dose-dependent thrombin clotting time (TCT) delay caused by Supra-TBA15/29-GO was >10 times longer than that of common anticoagulant drugs including heparin, argatroban, hirudin, and warfarin. Supra-TBA15/29-GO exhibits high biocompatibility, which has been proved by in vitro cytotoxicity and hemolysis assays. In addition, the thromboelastography of whole-blood coagulation and rat-tail bleeding assays indicate the anticoagulation ability of Supra-TBA15/29-GO is superior to the most widely used anticoagulant (heparin). Our highly biocompatible Supra-TBA15/29-GO with strong multivalent interaction with thrombin [dissociation constant (K d) = 1.9 × 10-11 M] shows great potential as an effective direct thrombin inhibitor for the treatment of hemostatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Xuan Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Xin Lai
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Yi Mao
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.,Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.,Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Wei Chu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Binesh Unnikrishnan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Anisha Anand
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Huang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.,Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Inhibition of thrombin, an unexplored function of retinoic acid. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 18:100636. [PMID: 31049420 PMCID: PMC6484212 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid, a derivative of vitamin A, is known to possess in vivo anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet and fibrinolytic activities. We have investigated the in vitro thrombin and platelet aggregation inhibitory activities of vitamin A (retinol) and its derivatives, retinoic acid and retinaldehyde. The thrombin enzymatic assay was performed fluorimetrically to assess the inhibition of thrombin (Sigma and plasma). Retinoic acid, retinaldehyde and retinol exhibited potent inhibition of thrombin, with IC50 values of 67μg/ml, 74μg/ml and 152μg/ml, respectively for the inhibition of thrombin (Sigma); and 49μg/ml, 74μg/ml and 178μg/ml, respectively for the inhibition of thrombin (plasma). Amongst vitamin A and its derivatives, retinoic acid showed the highest inhibition of both the forms of thrombin. Vitamin A and its derivatives also displayed remarkable inhibition of platelet aggregation. This is the first report of vitamin A and its derivatives showing inhibition of thrombin and platelet aggregation in vitro. Inhibition of thrombin by retinoic acid in vitro. Comparison of in vitro thrombin inhibitory activity of retinoic acid with retinaldehyde and retinol. Inhibition of platelet aggregation by vitamin A and its derivatives in vitro.
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Mouse venous thrombosis upon silencing of anticoagulants depends on tissue factor and platelets, not FXII or neutrophils. Blood 2019; 133:2090-2099. [PMID: 30898865 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-06-853762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor, coagulation factor XII, platelets, and neutrophils are implicated as important players in the pathophysiology of (experimental) venous thrombosis (VT). Their role became evident in mouse models in which surgical handlings were required to provoke VT. Combined inhibition of the natural anticoagulants antithrombin (Serpinc1) and protein C (Proc) using small interfering RNA without additional triggers also results in a venous thrombotic phenotype in mice, most notably with vessel occlusion in large veins of the head. VT is fatal but is fully rescued by thrombin inhibition. In the present study, we used this VT mouse model to investigate the involvement of tissue factor, coagulation factor XII, platelets, and neutrophils. Antibody-mediated inhibition of tissue factor reduced the clinical features of VT, the coagulopathy in the head, and fibrin deposition in the liver. In contrast, genetic deficiency in, and small interfering RNA-mediated depletion of, coagulation factor XII did not alter VT onset, severity, or thrombus morphology. Antibody-mediated depletion of platelets fully abrogated coagulopathy in the head and liver fibrin deposition. Although neutrophils were abundant in thrombotic lesions, depletion of circulating Ly6G-positive neutrophils did not affect onset, severity, thrombus morphology, or liver fibrin deposition. In conclusion, VT after inhibition of antithrombin and protein C is dependent on the presence of tissue factor and platelets but not on coagulation factor XII and circulating neutrophils. This study shows that distinct procoagulant pathways operate in mouse VT, dependent on the triggering stimulus.
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Abstract
Activated factor XIIa (FXIIa) is a serine protease that has received a great deal of interest in recent years as a potential target for the development of new antithrombotics. Despite the strong interest in obtaining structural information, only the structure of the FXIIa catalytic domain in its zymogen conformation is available. In this work, reproducible experimental conditions found for the crystallization of human plasma β-FXIIa and crystal growth optimization have led to determination of the first structure of the active form of the enzyme. Two crystal structures of human plasma β-FXIIa complexed with small molecule inhibitors are presented herein. The first is the noncovalent inhibitor benzamidine. The second is an aminoisoquinoline containing a boronic acid-reactive group that targets the catalytic serine. Both benzamidine and the aminoisoquinoline bind in a canonical fashion typical of synthetic serine protease inhibitors, and the protease domain adopts a typical chymotrypsin-like serine protease active conformation. This novel structural data explains the basis of the FXII activation, provides insights into the enzymatic properties of β-FXIIa, and is a great aid toward the further design of protease inhibitors for human FXIIa.
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MAA868, a novel FXI antibody with a unique binding mode, shows durable effects on markers of anticoagulation in humans. Blood 2019; 133:1507-1516. [PMID: 30692123 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-10-880849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A large unmet medical need exists for safer antithrombotic drugs because all currently approved anticoagulant agents interfere with hemostasis, leading to an increased risk of bleeding. Genetic and pharmacologic evidence in humans and animals suggests that reducing factor XI (FXI) levels has the potential to effectively prevent and treat thrombosis with a minimal risk of bleeding. We generated a fully human antibody (MAA868) that binds the catalytic domain of both FXI (zymogen) and activated FXI. Our structural studies show that MAA868 traps FXI and activated FXI in an inactive, zymogen-like conformation, explaining its equally high binding affinity for both forms of the enzyme. This binding mode allows the enzyme to be neutralized before entering the coagulation process, revealing a particularly attractive anticoagulant profile of the antibody. MAA868 exhibited favorable anticoagulant activity in mice with a dose-dependent protection from carotid occlusion in a ferric chloride-induced thrombosis model. MAA868 also caused robust and sustained anticoagulant activity in cynomolgus monkeys as assessed by activated partial thromboplastin time without any evidence of bleeding. Based on these preclinical findings, we conducted a first-in-human study in healthy subjects and showed that single subcutaneous doses of MAA868 were safe and well tolerated. MAA868 resulted in dose- and time-dependent robust and sustained prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time and FXI suppression for up to 4 weeks or longer, supporting further clinical investigation as a potential once-monthly subcutaneous anticoagulant therapy.
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Hawthorn A, Bulmer AC, Mosawy S, Keogh S. Implications for maintaining vascular access device patency and performance: Application of science to practice. J Vasc Access 2019; 20:461-470. [DOI: 10.1177/1129729818820200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:Vascular access devices are commonly inserted devices that facilitate the administration of fluids and drugs, as well as blood sampling. Despite their common use in clinical settings, these devices are prone to occlusion and failure, requiring replacement and exposing the patient to ongoing discomfort/pain, local vessel inflammation and risk of infection. A range of insertion and maintenance strategies are employed to optimize device performance; however, the evidence base for many of these mechanisms is limited and the mechanisms contributing to the failure of these devices are largely unknown.Aims/objectives:(1) To revisit existing understanding of blood, vessel physiology and biological fluid dynamics; (2) develop an understanding of the implications that different clinical practices have on vessel health, and (3) apply these understandings to vascular access device research and practice.Method:Narrative review of biomedical and bioengineering studies related to vascular access practice.Results/outcomes:Current vascular access device insertion and maintenance practice and policy are variable with limited clinical evidence to support the theoretical assumptions underpinning these regimens. This review demonstrates the physiological response to vascular access device insertion, flushing and infusion on the vein, blood components and blood flow. These appear to be associated with changes in intravascular fluid dynamics. Variable forces are at play that impact blood componentry and the endothelium. These may explain the mechanisms contributing to vascular access failure.Conclusion:This review provides an update to our current knowledge and understanding of vascular physiology and the hemodynamic response, challenging some previously held assumptions regarding vascular access device maintenance, which require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hawthorn
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research (AVATAR), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew C Bulmer
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research (AVATAR), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sapha Mosawy
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Samantha Keogh
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research (AVATAR), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Arneth B. Coevolution of the coagulation and immune systems. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:117-123. [PMID: 30604212 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-01210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher organisms rely on the coagulation and immune systems to fight disease-causing pathogens and other foreign invaders in the body. Coagulation has an important role as a barrier against foreign bodies, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. The protective responses associated with the coagulation and immune systems can protect the host organism from a wide range of pathogens, such as viruses, parasites, fungi, and even bacteria. AIM The purpose of this paper was to review available research on the evolution of the coagulation and immune systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study analyzed evidence from studies that have examined the coagulation and immune systems in the context of evolutionary processes. The articles used in the review were identified from the PsycINFO, CIHAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, and CIHAHL databases. RESULTS Studies have shown that both the coagulation system and the early immune system originated from the same initial system in early organisms. Some researchers argue that hemocytes from lower organisms are the common link from which the immune system and coagulation system developed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Simple organisms have hemocytes that can carry out both immune response and coagulation processes. Evolution led to the separation of these processes in higher organisms. Furthermore, this divergence resulted in the emergence of thrombocytes and plasmatic coagulation subsystems. These observations explain why there is some form of overlap between immunity and hemostasis, even in advanced organisms such as vertebrates. Several phenomena in clinical medicine related to coagulation and immunity can be explained by this overlap and are consistent with the hypothesis of the coevolution of coagulation and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borros Arneth
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital of the Universities of Marburg and Giessen UKGM, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Feulgenstr. 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Perdomo-Morales R, Montero-Alejo V, Perera E. The clotting system in decapod crustaceans: History, current knowledge and what we need to know beyond the models. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:204-212. [PMID: 30261301 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hemolymph coagulation is among the major arms of the humoral immune response in crustaceans. According to the current model, hemolymph clotting in decapod crustacean relies mostly on the polymerization of the plasmatic clotting protein (CP) which is directly promoted by calcium-depended transglutaminase (TGase) released from hemocytes upon microbial stimulus or injury. However, the type of hemocytes containing TGase, and hence how the TGase is released, might vary among species. Thus, we discourse here about possible mechanisms for clotting initiation. On the other hand, the initiation of coagulation reaction in the absence of microbial elicitors is poorly understood and seems to involve hemocytes lability, yet the mechanism remains unknown. A cellular clottable protein called coagulogen, different to the plasma CP, occurs in several species and could be related with the immune response, but the biological relevance of this protein is unknown. It is also demonstrated that the clotting response is actively involved in defense against pathogens. In addition, both TGase and the CP show pleiotropic functions, and although both proteins are relatively conserved, some of their physic-chemical properties vary significantly. The occurrence of differences in the clotting system in crustaceans is conceivable given the high number of species and their diverse ecology. Results from still non-studied decapods may provide explanation for some of the issues presented here from an evolutionary perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Perdomo-Morales
- Center for Pharmaceuticals Research and Development. Ave. 26 No. 1605, Esq. Puentes Grandes. Plaza. 10600. La Habana. Cuba.
| | - Vivian Montero-Alejo
- Center for Pharmaceuticals Research and Development. Ave. 26 No. 1605, Esq. Puentes Grandes. Plaza. 10600. La Habana. Cuba
| | - Erick Perera
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, CSIC, Castellón, Spain
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Rohmann JL, de Haan HG, Algra A, Vossen CY, Rosendaal FR, Siegerink B. Genetic determinants of activity and antigen levels of contact system factors. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:157-168. [PMID: 30288888 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Genetic variation may provide valuable insight into the role of the contact system in thrombosis. Explored associations of genetic variants with activity, antigen, and disease in RATIO study. Two novel loci were identified: KLKB1 rs4253243 for prekallikrein; KNG1 rs5029980 for HMWK levels. Contact system variants and haplotypes were not associated with myocardial infarction or stroke. SUMMARY: Background The complex, interdependent contact activation system has been implicated in thrombotic disease, although few genetic determinants of levels of proteins from this system are known. Objectives Our primary aim was to study the influence of common F11, F12, KLKB1, and KNG1 variants on factor (F) XI activity and FXI, FXII, prekallikrein (PK) and high-molecular-weight kininogen (HMWK) antigen levels, as well as the risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Patients/methods We analyzed samples from all 630 healthy participants, 182 ischemic stroke patients and 216 myocardial infarction patients in the RATIO case-control study of women aged < 50 years. Forty-three tagging single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were genotyped to represent common genetic variation in the contact system genes. Antigen and activity levels were measured with sandwich-ELISA-based and one-stage clotting assays. We performed single variant, age-adjusted, linear regression analyses per trait and disease phenotype, assuming additive inheritance and determined conditionally independent associations. Haplotypes based on the lead SNV and all conditionally independent SNVs were tested for association with traits and disease. Results We identified two novel associations of KLKB1 SNV rs4253243 with PK antigen (βconditional = -12.38; 95% CI, -20.07 to -4.69) and KNG1 SNV rs5029980 with HMWK antigen (βconditional = 5.86; 95% CI, 2.40-9.32) and replicated previously reported associations in a single study. Further analyses probed whether the observed associations were indicative of linkage, pleiotropic effects or mediation. No individual SNVs or haplotypes were associated with the disease outcomes. Conclusion This study adds to current knowledge of how genetic variation influences contact system protein levels and clarifies interdependencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rohmann
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H G de Haan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A Algra
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolph Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - C Y Vossen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - F R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - B Siegerink
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Abstract
Proteases drive the life cycle of all proteins, ensuring the transportation and activation of newly minted, would-be proteins into their functional form while recycling spent or unneeded proteins. Far from their image as engines of protein digestion, proteases play fundamental roles in basic physiology and regulation at multiple levels of systems biology. Proteases are intimately associated with disease and modulation of proteolytic activity is the presumed target for successful therapeutics. "Proteases: Pivot Points in Functional Proteomics" examines the crucial roles of proteolysis across a wide range of physiological processes and diseases. The existing and potential impacts of proteolysis-related activity on drug and biomarker development are presented in detail. All told the decisive roles of proteases in four major categories comprising 23 separate subcategories are addressed. Within this construct, 15 sets of subject-specific, tabulated data are presented that include identification of proteases, protease inhibitors, substrates, and their actions. Said data are derived from and confirmed by over 300 references. Cross comparison of datasets indicates that proteases, their inhibitors/promoters and substrates intersect over a range of physiological processes and diseases, both chronic and pathogenic. Indeed, "Proteases: Pivot Points …" closes by dramatizing this very point through association of (pro)Thrombin and Fibrin(ogen) with: hemostasis, innate immunity, cardiovascular and metabolic disease, cancer, neurodegeneration, and bacterial self-defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid M Verhamme
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Sarah E Leonard
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana School of Chemical Sciences, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Ray C Perkins
- New Liberty Proteomics Corporation, New Liberty, KY, USA.
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Kim CY. Provocative mesenteric angiography for diagnosis and treatment of occult gastrointestinal hemorrhage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL INTERVENTION 2018. [DOI: 10.18528/gii180034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Y. Kim
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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48
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Xu P, Huang M. Small Peptides as Modulators of Serine Proteases. Curr Med Chem 2018; 27:3686-3705. [PMID: 30332941 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181016163630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Serine proteases play critical roles in many physiological and pathological processes, and are proven diagnostic and therapeutic targets in a number of clinical indications. Suppression of the aberrant proteolytic activities of these proteases has been clinically used for the treatments of relevant diseases. Polypeptides with 10-20 residues are of great interests as medicinal modulators of serine proteases, because these peptides demonstrate the characteristics of both small molecule drugs and macromolecular drugs. In this review, we summarized the recent development of peptide-based inhibitors against serine proteases with potent inhibitory and high specificity comparable to monoclonal antibodies. In addition, we also discussed the strategies of enhancing plasma half-life and bioavailability of peptides in vivo, which is the main hurdle that limits the clinical translation of peptide-based drugs. This review advocates new avenue for the development of effective serine protease inhibitors and highlights the prospect of the medicinal use of these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Mingdong Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
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Engineering varied serine protease inhibitors by converting P1 site of BF9, a weakly active Kunitz-type animal toxin. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1190-1197. [PMID: 30172807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although there were a lot of weakly active animal toxins in the venoms, their values and applications are still mysterious, such as BF9, which is a Kunitz-type toxin isolated from the venom of the elapid snake Bungarus fasciatus. Here, we used BF9 to be a molecular scaffold, and engineered eight BF9-derived peptides by changing P1 site Asn17 of BF9, such as BF9-N17Y and BF9-N17T designed from the polar subfamily, BF9-N17L and BF9-N17G designed from the Non-polar subfamily, BF9-N17D designed from acidic subfamily, and BF9-N17H, BF9-N17K and BF9-N17R designed from basic subfamily. Through enzyme inhibitor experiment assays, we found a potent and selective chymotrypsin inhibitor BF9-N17Y, a potent and selective coagulation factor XIa inhibitor BF9-N17H, and two highly potent coagulation factor XIa inhibitors BF9-N17K and BF9-N17. APTT and PT assays further showed that BF9-N17H, BF9-N17K and BF9-N17R were three novel anticoagulants with selectively intrinsic coagulation pathway inhibitory activity. Considering that natural weakly active animal toxins are also a huge peptide resource, our present work might open a new window about pharmacological applications of weakly active animal toxins, which might be good templates for potent and selective molecular probe and lead drug designs.
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50
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Ding L, Hao J, Luo X, Zhu W, Wu Z, Qian Y, Hu F, Liu T, Ruan X, Li S, Li J, Chen Z. The Kv1.3 channel-inhibitory toxin BF9 also displays anticoagulant activity via inhibition of factor XIa. Toxicon 2018; 152:9-15. [PMID: 30012473 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The Kv1.3 channel plays potential roles in immune, inflammation and coagulation system. Many studies showed that Kv1.3 channel inhibitors have immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities, but no Kv1.3 channel inhibitors have been found to have anticoagulation activities. Here, based on our previous work about Kv1.3 channel toxin peptide inhibitors, we first attempt to test anticoagulation activities of four known venom-derived Kv1.3 channel inhibitors with different structural folds: BmKTX with CSα/β structural fold, OmTx3 with CSα/α structural fold, BF9 with Kuntz-type structural fold, and SjAPI-2 with Ascaris-type structural fold. Our results showed that BmKTX and OmTx3 have no activities towards both intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathway, SjAPI-2 just has weak activity towards intrinsic coagulation pathway, and BF9 has potent activity towards intrinsic coagulation pathway with no apparent effect on extrinsic coagulation pathway. Enzyme and inhibitor reaction kinetics experiments further showed that BF9 inhibited intrinsic coagulation pathway-associated coagulation factor XIa, but have no apparent effects on common coagulation pathway coagulation factor IIa. Structure-activity relationship showed that Gly14, Asn17, Ala18 and Ile20 of BF9 are main residues involved in the inhibiting effect on factor XIa. To the best of our knowledge, BF9 is the first anticoagulant with Kv1.3 channel inhibitory activity. Together, our present studies found the first dual functional peptides with Kv1.3 channel and coagulation factor XIa inhibitory activities, and provided a new molecular template for the lead drug discovery towards immune and thrombosis-associated human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Jinbo Hao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shiyan Occupational Disease Hospital, Hubei, China
| | - Xudong Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Qian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Fangfang Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Tianli Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Xuzhi Ruan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Zongyun Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China.
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