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Apolipoproteins—New Biomarkers of Overweight and Obesity among Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Survivors? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810634. [PMID: 36142534 PMCID: PMC9505294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at risk of late adverse treatment-related effects. The examination of targeted biomarkers could be used to improve the diagnosis and prediction of life-threatening ALL sequelae. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to search for treatment-related alterations in apolipoprotein (Apo) levels as potential markers of the occurrence of obesity in subjects treated for ALL, and to assess the relationships between weight, gender, anticancer treatment, and Apo concentrations. Fifty-eight ALL survivors were included in the study. The mean time of follow-up after treatment cessation was 5.41 ± 4.29 years. Serum levels of apolipoproteins were measured using a multiplex assay kit. Among ALL survivors, we observed a significant correlation of Apo-C1, Apo-C3, Apo-H, and Apo-J levels, depending on body mass index (BMI). Marked differences were observed in the area under the curve of Apo-A1, Apo-A2, Apo-C1, Apo-D. In our study, patients with a history of childhood ALL developed alterations in their Apo profile. Furthermore, this is the first study revealing that some apolipoproteins may act as valuable biomarkers useful in the prognosis of metabolic imbalance. We believe that this paper, at least partially, will highlight the importance of long-term prognosis of metabolic complications associated with the anticancer chemotherapy used to treat hematological malignancies in children.
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Apolipoprotein A-II, a Player in Multiple Processes and Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071578. [PMID: 35884883 PMCID: PMC9313276 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) is the second most abundant apolipoprotein in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, playing an important role in lipid metabolism. Human and murine apoA-II proteins have dissimilar properties, partially because human apoA-II is dimeric whereas the murine homolog is a monomer, suggesting that the role of apoA-II may be quite different in humans and mice. As a component of HDL, apoA-II influences lipid metabolism, being directly or indirectly involved in vascular diseases. Clinical and epidemiological studies resulted in conflicting findings regarding the proatherogenic or atheroprotective role of apoA-II. Human apoA-II deficiency has little influence on lipoprotein levels with no obvious clinical consequences, while murine apoA-II deficiency causes HDL deficit in mice. In humans, an increased plasma apoA-II concentration causes hypertriglyceridemia and lowers HDL levels. This dyslipidemia leads to glucose intolerance, and the ensuing high blood glucose enhances apoA-II transcription, generating a vicious circle that may cause type 2 diabetes (T2D). ApoA-II is also used as a biomarker in various diseases, such as pancreatic cancer. Herein, we provide a review of the most recent findings regarding the roles of apoA-II and its functions in various physiological processes and disease states, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, amyloidosis, hepatitis, insulin resistance, obesity, and T2D.
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Shearston K, Tan JTM, Cochran BJ, Rye KA. Inhibition of Vascular Inflammation by Apolipoprotein A-IV. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:901408. [PMID: 35845068 PMCID: PMC9279673 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.901408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV, the third most abundant apolipoprotein in human high density lipoproteins (HDLs), inhibits intestinal and systemic inflammation. This study asks if apoA-IV also inhibits acute vascular inflammation. Methods Inflammation was induced in New Zealand White rabbits by placing a non-occlusive silastic collar around the common carotid artery. A single 1 mg/kg intravenous infusion of lipid-free apoA-IV or saline (control) was administered to the animals 24 h before collar insertion. The animals were euthanised 24 h post-collar insertion. Human coronary artery cells (HCAECs) were pre-incubated with reconstituted HDLs containing apoA-IV complexed with phosphatidylcholine, (A-IV)rHDLs, then activated by incubation with tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Cell surface vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the TNF-α-activated HCAECs was quantified by flow cytometry. VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and 3β-hydroxysteroid-Δ24 reductase (DHCR24) mRNA levels were quantified by real time PCR. Results Apolipoprotein ApoA-IV treatment significantly decreased collar-induced endothelial expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and neutrophil infiltration into the arterial intima by 67.6 ± 9.9% (p < 0.01), 75.4 ± 6.9% (p < 0.01) and 74.4 ± 8.5% (p < 0.05), respectively. It also increased endothelial expression of DHCR24 by 2.6-fold (p < 0.05). Pre-incubation of HCAECs with (A-IV)rHDLs prior to stimulation with TNF-α inhibited VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 protein levels by 62.2 ± 12.1% and 33.7 ± 5.7%, respectively. VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 mRNA levels were decreased by 55.8 ± 7.2% and 49.6 ± 7.9%, respectively, while DHCR24 mRNA expression increased by threefold. Transfection of HCAECs with DHCR24 siRNA attenuated the anti-inflammatory effects of (A-IV)rHDLs. Pre-incubation of TNF-α-activated HCAECs with (A-IV)rHDLs also inhibited nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and decreased IκBα phosphorylation. Conclusion These results indicate that apoA-IV inhibits vascular inflammation in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting NF-κB activation in a DHCR24-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Shearston
- Lipid Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanne T. M. Tan
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Blake J. Cochran
- Lipid Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- Lipid Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Kerry-Anne Rye,
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Hou Y, Zhang X, Sun X, Qin Q, Chen D, Jia M, Chen Y. Genetically modified rabbit models for cardiovascular medicine. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 922:174890. [PMID: 35300995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) rabbits are outstanding animal models for studying human genetic and acquired diseases. As such, GM rabbits that express human genes have been extensively used as models of cardiovascular disease. Rabbits are genetically modified via prokaryotic microinjection. Through this process, genes are randomly integrated into the rabbit genome. Moreover, gene targeting in embryonic stem (ES) cells is a powerful tool for understanding gene function. However, rabbits lack stable ES cell lines. Therefore, ES-dependent gene targeting is not possible in rabbits. Nevertheless, the RNA interference technique is rapidly becoming a useful experimental tool that enables researchers to knock down specific gene expression, which leads to the genetic modification of rabbits. Recently, with the emergence of new genetic technology, such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), major breakthroughs have been made in rabbit gene targeting. Using these novel genetic techniques, researchers have successfully modified knockout (KO) rabbit models. In this paper, we aimed to review the recent advances in GM technology in rabbits and highlight their application as models for cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hou
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Xia Sun
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China; School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Qiaohong Qin
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Di Chen
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China; School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Min Jia
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Yulong Chen
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China.
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Zhang Y, Fatima M, Hou S, Bai L, Zhao S, Liu E. Research methods for animal models of atherosclerosis (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:871. [PMID: 34713295 PMCID: PMC8569513 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that threatens human health and lives by causing vascular stenosis and plaque rupture. Various animal models have been employed for elucidating the pathogenesis, drug development and treatment validation studies for atherosclerosis. To the best of our knowledge, the species used for atherosclerosis research include mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits, pigs, dogs, non-human primates and birds, among which the most commonly used ones are mice and rabbits. Notably, apolipoprotein E knockout (KO) or low-density lipoprotein receptor KO mice have been the most widely used animal models for atherosclerosis research since the late 20th century. Although the aforementioned animal models can form atherosclerotic lesions, they cannot completely simulate those in humans with respect to lesion location, lesion composition, lipoprotein composition and physiological structure. Hence, an appropriate animal model needs to be selected according to the research purpose. Additionally, it is necessary for atherosclerosis research to include quantitative analysis results of atherosclerotic lesion size and plaque composition. Laboratory animals can provide not only experimental tissues for in vivo studies but also cells needed for in vitro experiments. The present review first summarizes the common animal models and their practical applications, followed by focus on mouse and rabbit models and elucidating the methods to quantify atherosclerotic lesions. Finally, the methods of culturing endothelial cells, macrophages and smooth muscle cells were elucidated in detail and the experiments involved in atherosclerosis research were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Mahreen Fatima
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Hou
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Liang Bai
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Sihai Zhao
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Enqi Liu
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Lu H, Zhang J, Chen YE, Garcia-Barrio MT. Integration of Transformative Platforms for the Discovery of Causative Genes in Cardiovascular Diseases. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 35:637-654. [PMID: 33856594 PMCID: PMC8216854 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are powerful epidemiological tools to find genes and variants associated with cardiovascular diseases while follow-up biological studies allow to better understand the etiology and mechanisms of disease and assign causality. Improved methodologies and reduced costs have allowed wider use of bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, human-induced pluripotent stem cells, organoids, metabolomics, epigenomics, and novel animal models in conjunction with GWAS. In this review, we feature recent advancements relevant to cardiovascular diseases arising from the integration of genetic findings with multiple enabling technologies within multidisciplinary teams to highlight the solidifying transformative potential of this approach. Well-designed workflows integrating different platforms are greatly improving and accelerating the unraveling and understanding of complex disease processes while promoting an effective way to find better drug targets, improve drug design and repurposing, and provide insight towards a more personalized clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA.
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA.
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Iop L. Toward the Effective Bioengineering of a Pathological Tissue for Cardiovascular Disease Modeling: Old Strategies and New Frontiers for Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:591583. [PMID: 33748193 PMCID: PMC7969521 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.591583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) still represent the primary cause of mortality worldwide. Preclinical modeling by recapitulating human pathophysiology is fundamental to advance the comprehension of these diseases and propose effective strategies for their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. In silico, in vivo, and in vitro models have been applied to dissect many cardiovascular pathologies. Computational and bioinformatic simulations allow developing algorithmic disease models considering all known variables and severity degrees of disease. In vivo studies based on small or large animals have a long tradition and largely contribute to the current treatment and management of CVDs. In vitro investigation with two-dimensional cell culture demonstrates its suitability to analyze the behavior of single, diseased cellular types. The introduction of induced pluripotent stem cell technology and the application of bioengineering principles raised the bar toward in vitro three-dimensional modeling by enabling the development of pathological tissue equivalents. This review article intends to describe the advantages and disadvantages of past and present modeling approaches applied to provide insights on some of the most relevant congenital and acquired CVDs, such as rhythm disturbances, bicuspid aortic valve, cardiac infections and autoimmunity, cardiovascular fibrosis, atherosclerosis, and calcific aortic valve stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Iop
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
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Fan J, Wang Y, Chen YE. Genetically Modified Rabbits for Cardiovascular Research. Front Genet 2021; 12:614379. [PMID: 33603774 PMCID: PMC7885269 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.614379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabbits are one of the most used experimental animals for investigating the mechanisms of human cardiovascular disease and lipid metabolism because they are phylogenetically closer to human than rodents (mice and rats). Cholesterol-fed wild-type rabbits were first used to study human atherosclerosis more than 100 years ago and are still playing an important role in cardiovascular research. Furthermore, transgenic rabbits generated by pronuclear microinjection provided another means to investigate many gene functions associated with human disease. Because of the lack of both rabbit embryonic stem cells and the genome information, for a long time, it has been a dream for scientists to obtain knockout rabbits generated by homologous recombination-based genomic manipulation as in mice. This obstacle has greatly hampered using genetically modified rabbits to disclose the molecular mechanisms of many human diseases. The advent of genome editing technologies has dramatically extended the applications of experimental animals including rabbits. In this review, we will update genetically modified rabbits, including transgenic, knock-out, and knock-in rabbits during the past decades regarding their use in cardiovascular research and point out the perspectives in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Fan
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Xu J, Zhang J, Yang D, Song J, Pallas B, Zhang C, Hu J, Peng X, Christensen ND, Han R, Chen YE. Gene Editing in Rabbits: Unique Opportunities for Translational Biomedical Research. Front Genet 2021; 12:642444. [PMID: 33584832 PMCID: PMC7876448 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.642444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rabbit is a classic animal model for biomedical research, but the production of gene targeted transgenic rabbits had been extremely challenging until the recent advent of gene editing tools. More than fifty gene knockout or knock-in rabbit models have been reported in the past decade. Gene edited (GE) rabbit models, compared to their counterpart mouse models, may offer unique opportunities in translational biomedical research attributed primarily to their relatively large size and long lifespan. More importantly, GE rabbit models have been found to mimic several disease pathologies better than their mouse counterparts particularly in fields focused on genetically inherited diseases, cardiovascular diseases, ocular diseases, and others. In this review we present selected examples of research areas where GE rabbit models are expected to make immediate contributions to the understanding of the pathophysiology of human disease, and support the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Dongshan Yang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jun Song
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Brooke Pallas
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Chen Zhang
- Biomedical Sciences and Biophysics Graduate Program, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jiafen Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Xuwen Peng
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Neil D Christensen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Renzhi Han
- Biomedical Sciences and Biophysics Graduate Program, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Koike T, Koike Y, Yang D, Guo Y, Rom O, Song J, Xu J, Chen Y, Wang Y, Zhu T, Garcia-Barrio MT, Fan J, Chen YE, Zhang J. Human apolipoprotein A-II reduces atherosclerosis in knock-in rabbits. Atherosclerosis 2021; 316:32-40. [PMID: 33296791 PMCID: PMC7770079 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Apolipoprotein A-II (apoAII) is the second major apolipoprotein of the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle, after apoAI. Unlike apoAI, the biological and physiological functions of apoAII are unclear. We aimed to gain insight into the specific roles of apoAII in lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis using a novel rabbit model. METHODS Wild-type (WT) rabbits are naturally deficient in apoAII, thus their HDL contains only apoAI. Using TALEN technology, we replaced the endogenous apoAI in rabbits through knock-in (KI) of human apoAII. The newly generated apoAII KI rabbits were used to study the specific function of apoAII, independent of apoAI. RESULTS ApoAII KI rabbits expressed exclusively apoAII without apoAI, as confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blotting. On a standard diet, the KI rabbits exhibited lower plasma triglycerides (TG, 52%, p < 0.01) due to accelerated clearance of TG-rich particles and higher lipoprotein lipase activity than the WT littermates. ApoAII KI rabbits also had higher plasma HDL-C (28%, p < 0.05) and their HDL was rich in apoE, apoAIV, and apoAV. When fed a cholesterol-rich diet for 16 weeks, apoAII KI rabbits were resistant to diet-induced hypertriglyceridemia and developed significantly less aortic atherosclerosis compared to WT rabbits. HDL isolated from rabbits with apoAII KI had similar cholesterol efflux capacity and anti-inflammatory effects as HDL isolated from the WT rabbits. CONCLUSIONS ApoAII KI rabbits developed less atherosclerosis than WT rabbits, possibly through increased plasma HDL-C, reduced TG and atherogenic lipoproteins. These results suggest that apoAII may serve as a potential target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Koike
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yui Koike
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dongshan Yang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Oren Rom
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jun Song
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yajie Chen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianqing Zhu
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jianglin Fan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Abstract
Transgenic rabbits have contributed to the progress of biomedical science as human disease models because of their unique features, such as the lipid metabolism system similar to humans and medium body size that facilitates handling and experimental manipulation. In fact, many useful transgenic rabbits have been generated and used in research fields such as lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis, cardiac failure, immunology, and oncogenesis. However, there have been long-term problems, namely that the transgenic efficiency when using pronuclear microinjection is low compared with transgenic mice and production of knockout rabbits is impossible owing to the lack of embryonic stem cells for gene targeting in rabbits. Despite these limitations, the emergence of novel genome editing technology has changed the production of genetically modified animals including the rabbit. We are finally able to produce both transgenic and knockout rabbit models to analyze gain- and loss-of-functions of specific genes. It is expected that the use of genetically modified rabbits will extend to various research fields. In this review, we describe the unique features of rabbits as laboratory animals, the current status of their development and use, and future perspectives of transgenic rabbit models for human diseases.
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Yan H, Niimi M, Matsuhisa F, Zhou H, Kitajima S, Chen Y, Wang C, Yang X, Yao J, Yang D, Zhang J, Murakami M, Nakajima K, Wang Y, Liu E, Liang J, Chen YE, Fan J. Apolipoprotein CIII Deficiency Protects Against Atherosclerosis in Knockout Rabbits. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2095-2107. [PMID: 32757647 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apo (apolipoprotein) CIII mediates the metabolism of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins. High levels of plasma apoCIII are positively correlated with the plasma TG levels and increase the cardiovascular risk. However, whether apoCIII is directly involved in the development of atherosclerosis has not been fully elucidated. Approach and Results: To examine the possible roles of apoCIII in lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis, we generated apoCIII KO (knockout) rabbits using ZFN (zinc finger nuclease) technique. On a normal standard diet, apoCIII KO rabbits exhibited significantly lower plasma levels of TG than those of WT (wild type) rabbits while total cholesterol and HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels were unchanged. Analysis of lipoproteins isolated by sequential ultracentrifugation revealed that reduced plasma TG levels in KO rabbits were accompanied by prominent reduction of VLDLs (very-low-density lipoproteins) and IDLs (intermediate-density lipoproteins). In addition, KO rabbits showed faster TG clearance rate after intravenous fat load than WT rabbits. On a cholesterol-rich diet, KO rabbits exhibited constantly and significantly lower levels of plasma total cholesterol and TG than WT rabbits, which was caused by a remarkable reduction of β-VLDLs-the major atherogenic lipoproteins. β-VLDLs of KO rabbits showed higher uptake by cultured hepatocytes and were cleared faster from the circulation than β-VLDLs isolated from WT rabbits. Both aortic and coronary atherosclerosis was significantly reduced in KO rabbits compared with WT rabbits. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that apoCIII deficiency facilitates TG-rich lipoprotein catabolism, and therapeutic inhibition of apoCIII expression may become a novel means not only for the treatment of hyperlipidemia but also for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhao Yan
- From the Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan (H.Y., M.N., H.Z., Y.C., C.W., J.F.).,CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, China (H.Y.)
| | - Manabu Niimi
- From the Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan (H.Y., M.N., H.Z., Y.C., C.W., J.F.)
| | - Fumikazu Matsuhisa
- Division of Biological Science and Development, Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences, Saga University, Japan (F.M., S.K.)
| | - Huanjin Zhou
- From the Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan (H.Y., M.N., H.Z., Y.C., C.W., J.F.)
| | - Shuji Kitajima
- Division of Biological Science and Development, Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences, Saga University, Japan (F.M., S.K.)
| | - Yajie Chen
- From the Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan (H.Y., M.N., H.Z., Y.C., C.W., J.F.)
| | - Chuan Wang
- From the Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan (H.Y., M.N., H.Z., Y.C., C.W., J.F.)
| | - Xiawen Yang
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of the Advanced Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan (X.Y., J.Y.)
| | - Jian Yao
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of the Advanced Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan (X.Y., J.Y.)
| | - Dongshan Yang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor (D.Y., J.Z., Y.E.C.)
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor (D.Y., J.Z., Y.E.C.)
| | - Masami Murakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan (M.M., K.N.)
| | - Katsuyuki Nakajima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan (M.M., K.N.)
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China (Y.W., J.F.)
| | - Enqi Liu
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease and Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (E.L.)
| | - Jingyan Liang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, China (J.L.)
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor (D.Y., J.Z., Y.E.C.)
| | - Jianglin Fan
- From the Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan (H.Y., M.N., H.Z., Y.C., C.W., J.F.).,School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China (Y.W., J.F.)
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13
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Boughanem H, Bandera-Merchán B, Hernández-Alonso P, Moreno-Morales N, Tinahones FJ, Lozano J, Morcillo S, Macias-Gonzalez M. Association between the APOA2 rs3813627 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and HDL and APOA1 Levels Through BMI. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8030044. [PMID: 32120838 PMCID: PMC7148512 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The interaction between obesity and genetic traits on high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels has been extensively studied. The variance of serum HDL has a strong genetic heritability, although the studied variant only explains a small part of this variation. The goal of this study was to investigate the associations between the apolipoprotein type 2 (APOA2) rs3813627 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and anthropometric and biochemical variables, though body mass index (BMI). Methods: This study included 153 subjects (91 overweight/obese (BMI³25 kg/m2) and 62 non-obese individuals (BMI < 25 kg/m2)). The APOA2 rs3813627 SNP was selected and genotyped. Genotype analysis was performed to analyze the associations between APOA2 SNPs and anthropometric and biochemical variables through BMI. Results: The APOA2 rs3813627 TT genotype was associated with low HDL levels in comparison with the APOA2 rs3813627 GG and GT genotype in overweight/obese individuals, but not in the non-obese subjects (p < 0.05). The same trend was observed in the apolipoprotein type 1 (APOA1) protein levels (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between HDL and APOA1 levels and APOA2 rs3813627 SNP under recessive model (p < 0.05). The odds ratio for low HDL levels was 3.76 and 3.94 for low APOA1 levels. The mediation analysis of APOA2 rs3813627 SNP through BMI showed a full mediation on HDL and partial mediation on APOA1 levels (p < 0.05). Bioinformatic analysis showed that rs3813627 lies in the APOA2 promoter and overlaps motifs for several bound transcription factors. Conclusion: On the basis of these data, the APOA2 rs3813627 SNP is associated with low HDL and APOA1 levels susceptibility, and this effect was mediated by an increased BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatim Boughanem
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Borja Bandera-Merchán
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (B.B.-M.); (P.H.-A.); (F.J.T.)
| | - Pablo Hernández-Alonso
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (B.B.-M.); (P.H.-A.); (F.J.T.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERObn, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sant Joan Hospital, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Noelia Moreno-Morales
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Malaga-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Francisco José Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (B.B.-M.); (P.H.-A.); (F.J.T.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERObn, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Lozano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Sonsoles Morcillo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (B.B.-M.); (P.H.-A.); (F.J.T.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERObn, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (M.M.-G.); Tel.: +34-951-032-648 (S.M. & M.M.-G.); Fax: +34-27-951-924-651 (S.M. & M.M.-G.)
| | - Manuel Macias-Gonzalez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (B.B.-M.); (P.H.-A.); (F.J.T.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERObn, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (M.M.-G.); Tel.: +34-951-032-648 (S.M. & M.M.-G.); Fax: +34-27-951-924-651 (S.M. & M.M.-G.)
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14
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Yang M, Liu Y, Dai J, Li L, Ding X, Xu Z, Mori M, Miyahara H, Sawashita J, Higuchi K. Apolipoprotein A-II induces acute-phase response associated AA amyloidosis in mice through conformational changes of plasma lipoprotein structure. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5620. [PMID: 29618729 PMCID: PMC5884826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During acute-phase response (APR), there is a dramatic increase in serum amyloid A (SAA) in plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL). Elevated SAA leads to reactive AA amyloidosis in animals and humans. Herein, we employed apolipoprotein A-II (ApoA-II) deficient (Apoa2 -/- ) and transgenic (Apoa2Tg) mice to investigate the potential roles of ApoA-II in lipoprotein particle formation and progression of AA amyloidosis during APR. AA amyloid deposition was suppressed in Apoa2 -/- mice compared with wild type (WT) mice. During APR, Apoa2 -/- mice exhibited significant suppression of serum SAA levels and hepatic Saa1 and Saa2 mRNA levels. Pathological investigation showed Apoa2 -/- mice had less tissue damage and less inflammatory cell infiltration during APR. Total lipoproteins were markedly decreased in Apoa2 -/- mice, while the ratio of HDL to low density lipoprotein (LDL) was also decreased. Both WT and Apoa2 -/- mice showed increases in LDL and very large HDL during APR. SAA was distributed more widely in lipoprotein particles ranging from chylomicrons to very small HDL in Apoa2 -/- mice. Our observations uncovered the critical roles of ApoA-II in inflammation, serum lipoprotein stability and AA amyloidosis morbidity, and prompt consideration of therapies for AA and other amyloidoses, whose precursor proteins are associated with circulating HDL particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Yang
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Yingye Liu
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan.,Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Jian Dai
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan
| | - Xin Ding
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan
| | - Zhe Xu
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan
| | - Masayuki Mori
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan.,Department of Advanced Medicine for Health Promotion, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miyahara
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan
| | - Jinko Sawashita
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan.,Department of Biological Science for Intractable Neurological Disease, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Keiichi Higuchi
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 290-8621, Japan.,Department of Biological Science for Intractable Neurological Disease, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
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15
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Fan J, Chen Y, Yan H, Niimi M, Wang Y, Liang J. Principles and Applications of Rabbit Models for Atherosclerosis Research. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018; 25:213-220. [PMID: 29046488 PMCID: PMC5868506 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv17018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabbits are one of the most used experimental animals for biomedical research, particularly as a bioreactor for the production of antibodies. However, many unique features of the rabbit have also made it as an excellent species for examining a number of aspects of human diseases such as atherosclerosis. Rabbits are phylogenetically closer to humans than rodents, in addition to their relatively proper size, tame disposition, and ease of use and maintenance in the laboratory facility. Due to their short life spans, short gestation periods, high numbers of progeny, low cost (compared with other large animals) and availability of genomics and proteomics, rabbits usually serve to bridge the gap between smaller rodents (mice and rats) and larger animals, such as dogs, pigs and monkeys, and play an important role in many translational research activities such as pre-clinical testing of drugs and diagnostic methods for patients. The principle of using rabbits rather than other animals as an experimental model is very simple: rabbits should be used for research, such as translational research, that is difficult to accomplish with other species. Recently, rabbit genome sequencing and transcriptomic profiling of atherosclerosis have been successfully completed, which has paved a new way for researchers to use this model in the future. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent progress using rabbits with specific reference to their usefulness for studying human atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Fan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yajie Chen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Haizhao Yan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Manabu Niimi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyan Liang
- Research Center for Vascular Biology, Yangzhou University School of Medicine, Yangzhou, China
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16
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Keramat L, Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh H, Sotoudeh G, Zamani E, Eshraghian M, Mansoori A, Koohdani F. Apolipoprotein A2 -265 T>C polymorphism interacts with dietary fatty acids intake to modulate inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Nutrition 2016; 37:86-91. [PMID: 28359369 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several investigations have been conducted regarding the interaction between Apolipoprotein A2 (APOA2) -265 T>C polymorphism and dietary intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) on obesity in healthy individuals or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM) patients. The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of this interaction on inflammatory markers in T2 DM patients. METHODS This is a comparative cross-sectional study on 180 T2 DM patients with known APOA2 genotype. Dietary intake was assessed by food-frequency questionnaire and serum levels of inflammatory markers (interleukin [IL]-18, pentraxin 3, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]) were measured. The subjects were dichotomized into "high" and "low" categories, based on the median dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and SFAs. The data were analyzed by analysis of covariance multivariate interaction model. RESULTS In CC genotype, higher median intake of ω-3 PUFAs and MUFAs was associated with decreased serum levels of IL-18 and hs-CRP (P = 0.014 and 0.008, respectively). In T-allele carriers, higher median intake of SFAs was associated with increased serum hs-CRP level (P < 0.001). There was a significant relationship between APOA2 polymorphism and ω-3 PUFA intake on serum IL-18 level (P interaction = 0.03). Moreover, the relationship between this polymorphism and SFA and MUFA intake on serum hs-CRP level was statistically significant (P interaction = 0.03 and 0.024, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In T2 DM patients, the dietary intake of antiinflammatory fatty acids, such as ω-3 PUFAs and MUFAs, could reduce the inflammatory effects associated with the CC genotype. In addition, proinflammatory fatty acids, such as SFAs, could overcome the antiinflammatory effect of the T-allele. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Keramat
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gity Sotoudeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Zamani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Eshraghian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Mansoori
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fariba Koohdani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Cheng F, Twardowski L, Reifenberg K, Winter K, Canisius A, Pross E, Fan J, Schmitt E, Shultz LD, Lackner KJ, Torzewski M. Combined B, T and NK Cell Deficiency Accelerates Atherosclerosis in BALB/c Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157311. [PMID: 27564380 PMCID: PMC5001715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the unique properties of both the Ldlr knockout defect (closely mimicking the human situation) and the BALB/c (C) inbred mouse strain (Th-2 slanted immune response). We generated two immunodeficient strains with severe combined B- and T-cell immunodeficiency with or without a complete lack of natural killer cells to revisit the role of adaptive immune responses on atherogenesis. C-Ldlr-/-Rag1-/- mice, which show severe combined B- and T-cell immunodeficiency and C-Ldlr-/-Rag1-/-Il2rg-/- mice, which combine the T- and B-cell defect with a complete lack of natural killer cells and inactivation of multiple cytokine signalling pathways were fed an atherogenic Western type diet (WTD). Both B6-Ldlr-/- and C-Ldlr-/- immunocompetent mice were used as controls. Body weights and serum cholesterol levels of both immunodeficient strains were significantly increased compared to C-Ldlr-/- controls, except for cholesterol levels of C-Ldlr-/-Rag1-/- double mutants after 12 weeks on the WTD. Quantification of the aortic sinus plaque area revealed that both strains of immunodeficient mice developed significantly more atherosclerosis compared to C-Ldlr-/- controls after 24 weeks on the WTD. Increased atherosclerotic lesion development in C-Ldlr-/-Rag1-/-Il2rg-/- triple mutants was associated with significantly increased numbers of macrophages and significantly decreased numbers of smooth muscle cells compared to both C-Ldlr-/- wild type and C-Ldlr-/-Rag1-/- double mutants pointing to a plaque destabilizing effect of NK cell loss. Collectively, the present study reveals a previously unappreciated complexity with regard to the impact of lymphocytes on lipoprotein metabolism and the role of lymphocyte subsets in plaque composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cheng
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laura Twardowski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kurt Reifenberg
- Center for Preclinical Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Winter
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Antje Canisius
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Pross
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jianglin Fan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Edgar Schmitt
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Karl J. Lackner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Torzewski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
- * E-mail:
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18
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Azizkhanian I, Trenchevska O, Bashawri Y, Hu J, Koska J, Reaven PD, Nelson RW, Nedelkov D, Yassine HN. Posttranslational modifications of apolipoprotein A-II proteoforms in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10:808-815. [PMID: 27578111 PMCID: PMC5195850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) is the second most abundant protein in high-density lipoprotein particles. However, it exists in plasma in multiple forms. The effect of diabetes on apoA-II proteoforms is not known. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to characterize plasma apoA-II proteoforms in participants with and without type 2 diabetes. METHODS Using a novel mass spectrometric immunoassay, the relative abundance of apoA-II proteoforms was examined in plasma of 30 participants with type 2 diabetes and 25 participants without diabetes. RESULTS Six apoA-II proteoforms (monomer, truncated TQ monomer, truncated Q monomer, dimer, truncated Q dimer, and truncated 2Qs dimer) and their oxidized proteoforms were identified. The ratios of oxidized monomer and all oxidized proteoforms to the native apoA-II were significantly greater in the diabetic group (P = .004 and P = .005, respectively) compared with the nondiabetic group. CONCLUSION The relative abundance of oxidized apoA-II is significantly increased in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Azizkhanian
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Yara Bashawri
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Juraj Koska
- Department of Medicine, Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Peter D Reaven
- Department of Medicine, Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Hussein N Yassine
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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19
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The potential impact of new generation transgenic methods on creating rabbit models of cardiac diseases. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 121:123-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Baumgartner C, Brandl J, Münch G, Ungerer M. Rabbit models to study atherosclerosis and its complications – Transgenic vascular protein expression in vivo. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 121:131-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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Xu C, Huang Z, Liu L, Luo C, Lu G, Li Q, Gao X. Zinc Regulates Lipid Metabolism and MMPs Expression in Lipid Disturbance Rabbits. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 168:411-20. [PMID: 25987270 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid disturbance induced by high-fat diet is a worldwide problem, and it can induce inflammation and oxidative stress in vivo. Zinc is considered as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agent. Since matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9)'s expressions are changed under many pathological conditions, we would like to know how zinc affects lipid metabolism and MMP2, MMP9's expressions in the lipid disturbance rabbits. Twenty-four male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups. Each group had six rabbits, and they were fed with regular diet, high-fat diet, high-fat diet+zinc, and regular diet+zinc separately for 12 weeks. High-fat diet induced lipid disturbance significantly which raised the level of aspartate aminotransferase (p<0.01) and alanine transaminase (p<0.05) in the high-fat diet group, but zinc supplement reversed this phenomenon (p<0.05). Zinc did not reduce total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p>0.05), but it lowered triglyceride (TG) and raised high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p<0.01). Zinc also reduced high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (p<0.01) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)'s expressions (p<0.05). Zinc reduced the epicardial adipose tissue and alleviated the hepatic steatosis. Zinc suppressed MMP2 and MMP9's expressions in vivo, but it did not alleviate the aorta fatty streak's severity in the lipid disturbance rabbits. Zinc protected the liver, reduced TG, hs-CRP, and IL-6 and raised HDL-C in the lipid disturbance rabbits. Zinc suppressed MMP2 and MMP9's expressions in vivo, but it did not alleviate the severity of aorta fatty streak induced by the high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggui Xu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chufan Luo
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guihua Lu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qinglang Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiuren Gao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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22
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Bandarian F, Daneshpour MS, Hedayati M, Naseri M, Azizi F. Identification of Sequence Variation in the Apolipoprotein A2 Gene and Their Relationship with Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 20:84-90. [PMID: 26590203 PMCID: PMC4726888 DOI: 10.7508/ibj.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Apolipoprotein A2 (APOA2) is the second major apolipoprotein of the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The study aim was to identify APOA2 gene variation in individuals within two extreme tails of HDL-C levels and its relationship with HDL-C level. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted on participants from Tehran Glucose and Lipid Study (TLGS) at Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Tehran, Iran from April 2012 to February 2013. In total, 79 individuals with extreme low HDL-C levels (≤5th percentile for age and gender) and 63 individuals with extreme high HDL-C levels (≥95th percentile for age and gender) were selected. Variants were identified using DNA amplification and direct sequencing. Results: Screen of all exons and the core promoter region of APOA2 gene identified nine single nucleotide substitutions and one microsatellite; five of which were known and four were new variants. Of these nine variants, two were common tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and seven were rare SNPs. Both exonic substitutions were missense mutations and caused an amino acid change. There was a significant association between the new missense mutation (variant Chr.1:16119226, Ala98Pro) and HDL-C level. Conclusion: None of two common tag SNPs of rs6413453 and rs5082 contributes to the HDL-C trait in Iranian population, but a new missense mutation in APOA2 in our population has a significant association with HDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bandarian
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadat Daneshpour
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Naseri
- Genomic Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Ning B, Wang X, Yu Y, Waqar AB, Yu Q, Koike T, Shiomi M, Liu E, Wang Y, Fan J. High-fructose and high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance enhances atherosclerosis in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2015; 12:30. [PMID: 26265929 PMCID: PMC4531510 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-015-0024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with insulin resistance and resulting impaired glucose tolerance along with type 2 diabetes showed an increased prevalence of atherosclerosis. Our aim in this study was to address whether diet-induced insulin resistance plays any roles in the development of aortic and coronary atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic rabbits. Methods We fed Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits with a high-fructose and high-fat diet (HFFD) with restricted normal calories and compared the lesions of both aortic and coronary atherosclerosis with those of control WHHL rabbits fed a normal chow diet. Results HFFD-fed WHHL rabbits showed insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance accompanied by elevated plasma lipid levels and accumulation of adipose tissue even though their body weight was unchanged compared to the control rabbits. At 8 weeks, the aortic gross lesion area of HFFD-fed WHHL rabbits was increased by 40 % over the controls and their lesions were characterized by increased number of macrophages and smooth muscle cells. At 16 weeks, the lesions of HFFD-fed WHHL rabbits showed more advanced lesions such as lipid core formation and calcification. In addition, coronary atherosclerosis was significantly increased in HFFD-fed WHHL rabbits. Conclusions These results suggest that insulin resistance accelerates lesion formation of atherosclerosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-015-0024-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ning
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Institute for Experimental Animals, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ahmed Bilal Waqar
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tomonari Koike
- Institute for Experimental Animals, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiomi
- Institute for Experimental Animals, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Enqi Liu
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease and Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianglin Fan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
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24
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Noorshahi N, Sotoudeh G, Djalali M, Eshraghian MR, Keramatipour M, Basiri MG, Doostan F, Koohdani F. APOA II genotypes frequency and their interaction with saturated fatty acids consumption on lipid profile of patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Nutr 2015. [PMID: 26210798 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Several studies have suggested that APOA II-265T/C polymorphism affect lipid profile. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of -265T/C APOA II polymorphism and saturated fatty acids (SFA) intake interaction on lipid profile in diabetic population who are at risk for lipid disorders. METHODS In this cross sectional study, 697 type 2 diabetic patients participated. Food consumption data were collected using validated semi-quantitative FFQ during the last year. Realtime-PCR was used to determine APOA II-265T/C genotypes. The interaction between the genotypes and SFA intake with lipid profile was tested using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). RESULTS According to APOA II-265T/C (rs5082) genotype distribution results, CC genotype with a frequency of 12.9% and TC with that of 47.7% showed the lowest and highest frequency in our population, respectively. CC genotype subjects had significantly lower total cholesterol, triglyceride, Cholesterol/HDL-c ratio and non-HDL cholesterol than T allele carriers (p = 0.009, p = 0.02, p = 0.02 and p = 0.002, respectively). The interaction between genotype and SFA intake contributed to significant higher levels of LDL-c and LDL/HDL in CCs (p = 0.05 and p = 0.01), suggesting vulnerability of these individuals to high intake of SFA in the diet. CONCLUSION APOA II polymorphism may influence the saturated fatty acid intake required to prevent dyslipidemia in the type 2 diabetic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Noorshahi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gity Sotoudeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Djalali
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Eshraghian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Keramatipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Marjan Ghane Basiri
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Doostan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fariba Koohdani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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25
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Nishijima K, Kitajima S, Koshimoto C, Morimoto M, Watanabe T, Fan J, Matsuda Y. Motility and fertility of rabbit sperm cryopreserved using soybean lecithin as an alternative to egg yolk. Theriogenology 2015. [PMID: 26208436 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate whether soy lecithin can be used as an alternative cryoprotectant to establish a procedure that does not require the use of egg yolk to cryopreserve rabbit strains. Semen from Japanese White rabbits was frozen with HEPES extender containing 20% egg yolk (EYH), 0.5% (Lec-0.5), 1.5% (Lec-1.5), 2.5% (Lec-2.5), or 3.5% (Lec-3.5; wt/vol) lecithin (type IV-S, ≥30%), and the motility of thawed sperm was analyzed. The sperm motility in the Lec-1.5 group was significantly higher than that in the Lec-2.5 and 3.5 groups and equivalent to the EYH group. From 17 rounds of artificial insemination with frozen-thawed sperm in the EYH and Lec-1.5 groups, 12 rabbits in both groups were pregnant (70.6%) and delivered offspring. The litter size was 3.3 in the EYH group and 5.1 in the Lec-1.5 group. These results indicate that soy lecithin can be used as a substitute for egg yolk as a cryoprotectant on the basis of motility and fertility of the frozen-thawed rabbit sperm and that 1.5% lecithin (type IV-S, ≥30%) in the semen extender was the optimum concentration for rabbit sperm cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Nishijima
- Animal Research Laboratory, Bioscience Education-Research Center, Akita University, Akita, Japan.
| | - Shuji Kitajima
- Division of Biological Resources and Development, Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Chihiro Koshimoto
- Division of Bio-Resources, Department of Biotechnology, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Morimoto
- Division of Biological Resources and Development, Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Teruo Watanabe
- Division of Biological Resources and Development, Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Jianglin Fan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yukihisa Matsuda
- Animal Research Laboratory, Bioscience Education-Research Center, Akita University, Akita, Japan
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26
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Fan J, Kitajima S, Watanabe T, Xu J, Zhang J, Liu E, Chen YE. Rabbit models for the study of human atherosclerosis: from pathophysiological mechanisms to translational medicine. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 146:104-19. [PMID: 25277507 PMCID: PMC4304984 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory animal models play an important role in the study of human diseases. Using appropriate animals is critical not only for basic research but also for the development of therapeutics and diagnostic tools. Rabbits are widely used for the study of human atherosclerosis. Because rabbits have a unique feature of lipoprotein metabolism (like humans but unlike rodents) and are sensitive to a cholesterol diet, rabbit models have not only provided many insights into the pathogenesis and development of human atherosclerosis but also made a great contribution to translational research. In fact, rabbit was the first animal model used for studying human atherosclerosis, more than a century ago. Currently, three types of rabbit model are commonly used for the study of human atherosclerosis and lipid metabolism: (1) cholesterol-fed rabbits, (2) Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits, analogous to human familial hypercholesterolemia due to genetic deficiency of LDL receptors, and (3) genetically modified (transgenic and knock-out) rabbits. Despite their importance, compared with the mouse, the most widely used laboratory animal model nowadays, the use of rabbit models is still limited. In this review, we focus on the features of rabbit lipoprotein metabolism and pathology of atherosclerotic lesions that make it the optimal model for human atherosclerotic disease, especially for the translational medicine. For the sake of clarity, the review is not an attempt to be completely inclusive, but instead attempts to summarize substantial information concisely and provide a guideline for experiments using rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Fan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Shimokato 1110, Chuo-City 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Shuji Kitajima
- Division of Biological Resources and Development, Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Teruo Watanabe
- Division of Biological Resources and Development, Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Jie Xu
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Enqi Liu
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease and Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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27
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Nishijima K, Yamaguchi S, Tanaka M, Sakai Y, Koshimoto C, Morimoto M, Watanabe T, Fan J, Kitajima S. Effects of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrins on the rate and the quality of motility in frozen and thawed rabbit sperm. Exp Anim 2014; 63:149-54. [PMID: 24770640 PMCID: PMC4160988 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.63.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The motility of sperm after freezing and thawing is critical for effective
cryopreservation. It is known that supplementation with cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin
(CLC) improves cryosurvival of sperm in various animals. To clarify the effects of
supplementation with CLC on rabbit sperm motility after freezing and thawing, rabbit sperm
motility was analyzed using a computer-assisted sperm analysis system. Sperm motility with
CLC supplementation was 29.4 ± 9.6% (mean ± SD), which was significantly higher than that
of controls (20.8 ± 7.1%, P<0.05). The curvilinear velocity of sperm
with CLC exceeded that of controls, whereas the values for linearity and wobble were
significantly lower in sperm with CLC compared with controls. After artificial
insemination, 44.3% of recovered ova were fertilized in the CLC-supplemented group, which
was higher than the percentage in the control group (36.4%). The results indicate that
supplementation with CLC improves the rate and quality of motility in rabbit sperm after
freezing and thawing, and would be advantageous for successful cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Nishijima
- Division of Biological Resources and Development, Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
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28
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Effects of antisense oligonucleotides against C-reactive protein on the development of atherosclerosis in WHHL rabbits. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:979132. [PMID: 24872601 PMCID: PMC4020194 DOI: 10.1155/2014/979132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) are closely associated with cardiovascular diseases, but whether CRP is directly involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is still under debate. Many controversial and contradictory results using transgenic mice and rabbits have been published but it is also unclear whether CRP lowering can be used for the treatment of atherosclerosis. In the current study, we examined the effects of the rabbit CRP antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) on the development of atherosclerosis in WHHL rabbits. CRP ASO treatment led to a significant reduction of plasma CRP levels; however, both aortic and coronary atherosclerotic lesions were not significantly changed compared to those of control WHHL rabbits. These results suggest that inhibition of plasma CRP does not affect the development of atherosclerosis in WHHL rabbits.
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29
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Pownall HJ, Gillard BK, Gotto AM. Setting the course for apoAII: a port in sight? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 8:551-560. [PMID: 25067958 DOI: 10.2217/clp.13.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
ApoAII, the second most abundant protein of the human plasma HDLs, was discovered nearly 50 years ago. Over the subsequent years, nearly 2000 studies - epidemiological, cell-based, biochemical, mouse and human - have attempted to unravel its role in human lipid metabolism. On the basis of these studies, apoAII has been described as an activator and inhibitor of various plasma activities, and as both pro- and anti-atherogenic. Here, we summarize the studies of apoAII, use the preponderance of evidence to propose that the apoAII compass can be reset towards an antiatherogenic course, and suggest ways to stay the course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Pownall
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Baiba K Gillard
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Antonio M Gotto
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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30
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Apolipoprotein A-II is a key regulatory factor of HDL metabolism as appears from studies with transgenic animals and clinical outcomes. Biochimie 2013; 96:56-66. [PMID: 24012775 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The structure and metabolism of HDL are linked to their major apolipoproteins (apo) A-I and A-II. HDL metabolism is very dynamic and depends on the constant remodeling by lipases, lipid transfer proteins and receptors. HDL exert several cardioprotective effects, through their antioxidant and antiinflammatory capacities and through the stimulation of reverse cholesterol transport from extrahepatic tissues to the liver for excretion into bile. HDL also serve as plasma reservoir for C and E apolipoproteins, as transport vehicles for a great variety of proteins, and may have more physiological functions than previously recognized. In this review we will develop several aspects of HDL metabolism with emphasis on the structure/function of apo A-I and apo A-II. An important contribution to our understanding of the respective roles of apo A-I and apo A-II comes from studies using transgenic animal models that highlighted the stabilizatory role of apo A-II on HDL through inhibition of their remodeling by lipases. Clinical studies coupled with proteomic analyses revealed the presence of dysfunctional HDL in patients with cardiovascular disease. Beyond HDL cholesterol, a new notion is the functionality of HDL particles. In spite of abundant literature on HDL metabolic properties, a major question remains unanswered: which HDL particle(s) confer(s) protection against cardiovascular risk?
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31
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Nishijima K, Liu E, Yamaguchi S, Tanaka M, Morimoto M, Watanabe T, Fan J, Kitajima S. Delaying embryo development by storing at 4°C for synchronization to recipients in microinjection technique in rabbits. Lab Anim 2012; 47:53-7. [PMID: 23258842 DOI: 10.1258/la.2012.012097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Short-term storage of embryos at low temperature induces developmental arrest of the embryo and would appear to be a valuable aid in embryo-transfer techniques to avoid wasting embryos. Embryo storage at 4°C was examined to allow synchronization with embryo-transfer recipients using the microinjection technique. Superovulation was induced in female Japanese White donor rabbits four days before mating with males. At the same time, control recipients were injected with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to allow synchronization (R1); the hCG injections were delayed by 24 h in the experimental group (R2). DNA constructs for expressing human C-reactive protein or apolipoprotein AII were microinjected into the male pronuclei of the ova. The microinjected embryos were immediately transferred to recipients (R1) or stored at 4°C in phosphate-buffered saline containing 10% fetal bovine serum. After 17-20 h, the stored embryos were incubated at 37°C for one hour, and the morphologically normal embryos were transferred to recipients (R2). In the R1 rabbits, 855 embryos were transferred to 29 recipients, and 72.4% of the recipients became pregnant. Seven of the 84 offspring were transgenic. In the R2 rabbits, 478 embryos were transferred to 16 recipients, and 62.5% of the recipients became pregnant. Two of the 39 offspring were transgenic. There were no differences in pregnancy rate, litter size and transgenic integration rate between R1 and R2. These results suggest that the short-term 4°C storage of microinjected embryos can be a valuable method for synchronization with recipients, and reducing wastage of embryos and the sacrifice of rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nishijima
- Division of Biological Resources and Development, Analysis Research Center for Experimental Sciences, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
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32
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Wang Y, Niimi M, Nishijima K, Waqar AB, Yu Y, Koike T, Kitajima S, Liu E, Inoue T, Kohashi M, Keyamura Y, Yoshikawa T, Zhang J, Ma L, Zha X, Watanabe T, Asada Y, Chen YE, Fan J. Human apolipoprotein A-II protects against diet-induced atherosclerosis in transgenic rabbits. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 33:224-31. [PMID: 23241412 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apolipoprotein (apo) A-II is the second major apo of high-density lipoproteins, yet its pathophysiological roles in the development of atherosclerosis remain unknown. We aimed to examine whether apo A-II plays any role in atherogenesis and, if so, to elucidate the mechanism involved. METHODS AND RESULTS We compared the susceptibility of human apo A-II transgenic (Tg) rabbits to cholesterol diet-induced atherosclerosis with non-Tg littermate rabbits. Tg rabbits developed significantly less aortic and coronary atherosclerosis than their non-Tg littermates, while total plasma cholesterol levels were similar. Atherosclerotic lesions of Tg rabbits were characterized by reduced macrophages and smooth muscle cells, and apo A-II immunoreactive proteins were frequently detected in the lesions. Tg rabbits exhibited low levels of plasma C-reactive protein and blood leukocytes compared with non-Tg rabbits, and high-density lipoproteins of Tg rabbit plasma exerted stronger cholesterol efflux activity and inhibitory effects on the inflammatory cytokine expression by macrophages in vitro than high-density lipoproteins isolated from non-Tg rabbits. In addition, β-very-low-density lipoproteins of Tg rabbits were less sensitive to copper-induced oxidation than β-very-low-density lipoproteins of non-Tg rabbits. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that enrichment of apo A-II in high-density lipoprotein particles has atheroprotective effects and apo A-II may become a target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Shimokato, Chuo-City, Yamanashi, Japan
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33
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Eren E, Yilmaz N, Aydin O. High Density Lipoprotein and it's Dysfunction. Open Biochem J 2012; 6:78-93. [PMID: 22888373 PMCID: PMC3414806 DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01206010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) levels do not predict functionality and composition of high-density lipoprotein(HDL). Traditionally, keeping levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) down and HDL-C up have been the goal of patients to prevent atherosclerosis that can lead to coronary vascular disease(CVD). People think about the HDL present in their cholesterol test, but not about its functional capability. Up to 65% of cardiovascular death cannot be prevented by putative LDL-C lowering agents. It well explains the strong interest in HDL increasing strategies. However, recent studies have questioned the good in using drugs to increase level of HDL. While raising HDL is a theoretically attractive target, the optimal approach remains uncertain. The attention has turned to the quality, rather than the quantity, of HDL-C. An alternative to elevations in HDL involves strategies to enhance HDL functionality. The situation poses an opportunity for clinical chemists to take the lead in the development and validation of such biomarkers. The best known function of HDL is the capacity to promote cellular cholesterol efflux from peripheral cells and deliver cholesterol to the liver for excretion, thereby playing a key role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). The functions of HDL that have recently attracted attention include anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. High antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of HDL are associated with protection from CVD.This review addresses the current state of knowledge regarding assays of HDL functions and their relationship to CVD. HDL as a therapeutic target is the new frontier with huge potential for positive public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Eren
- Antalya Public Health Center of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey
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34
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Chan DC, Ng TWK, Watts GF. Apolipoprotein A-II: evaluating its significance in dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis. Ann Med 2012; 44:313-24. [PMID: 21501035 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2011.573498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced HDL cholesterol, commonly found in subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes, is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). ApoA-II, a constituent apolipoprotein of certain HDL particles, plays an important role in the regulation of cholesterol efflux, HDL remodelling, and cholesteryl ester uptake via its interactions with lipid transfer proteins, lipases, and cellular HDL receptors. Recent studies have linked apoA-II directly with triglyceride and glucose metabolism. Most of the data are, however, derived from cellular systems and transgenic animal models. Direct evidence from human studies is scarce. Clinical studies demonstrate that apoA-II is a strong predictor of risk for CVD. There is no evidence, however, that selective therapeutic modification of apoA-II impacts on atherosclerosis and clinical outcomes. More research is required to investigate further the significance of apoA-II in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick C Chan
- Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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35
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Flisikowska T, Thorey IS, Offner S, Ros F, Lifke V, Zeitler B, Rottmann O, Vincent A, Zhang L, Jenkins S, Niersbach H, Kind AJ, Gregory PD, Schnieke AE, Platzer J. Efficient immunoglobulin gene disruption and targeted replacement in rabbit using zinc finger nucleases. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21045. [PMID: 21695153 PMCID: PMC3113902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabbits are widely used in biomedical research, yet techniques for their precise genetic modification are lacking. We demonstrate that zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) introduced into fertilized oocytes can inactivate a chosen gene by mutagenesis and also mediate precise homologous recombination with a DNA gene-targeting vector to achieve the first gene knockout and targeted sequence replacement in rabbits. Two ZFN pairs were designed that target the rabbit immunoglobulin M (IgM) locus within exons 1 and 2. ZFN mRNAs were microinjected into pronuclear stage fertilized oocytes. Founder animals carrying distinct mutated IgM alleles were identified and bred to produce offspring. Functional knockout of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus was confirmed by serum IgM and IgG deficiency and lack of IgM(+) and IgG(+) B lymphocytes. We then tested whether ZFN expression would enable efficient targeted sequence replacement in rabbit oocytes. ZFN mRNA was co-injected with a linear DNA vector designed to replace exon 1 of the IgM locus with ∼1.9 kb of novel sequence. Double strand break induced targeted replacement occurred in up to 17% of embryos and in 18% of fetuses analyzed. Two major goals have been achieved. First, inactivation of the endogenous IgM locus, which is an essential step for the production of therapeutic human polyclonal antibodies in the rabbit. Second, establishing efficient targeted gene manipulation and homologous recombination in a refractory animal species. ZFN mediated genetic engineering in the rabbit and other mammals opens new avenues of experimentation in immunology and many other research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Flisikowska
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Irmgard S. Thorey
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Offner
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Ros
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Valeria Lifke
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Bryan Zeitler
- Sangamo BioSciences Inc., Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Oswald Rottmann
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Anna Vincent
- Sangamo BioSciences Inc., Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Lei Zhang
- Sangamo BioSciences Inc., Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Shirin Jenkins
- Sangamo BioSciences Inc., Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Helmut Niersbach
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Alexander J. Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Philip D. Gregory
- Sangamo BioSciences Inc., Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Angelika E. Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Josef Platzer
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
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Wang Y, Sawashita J, Qian J, Zhang B, Fu X, Tian G, Chen L, Mori M, Higuchi K. ApoA-I deficiency in mice is associated with redistribution of apoA-II and aggravated AApoAII amyloidosis. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:1461-70. [PMID: 21622630 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m013235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) is the second major apolipoprotein following apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in HDL. ApoA-II has multiple physiological functions and can form senile amyloid fibrils (AApoAII) in mice. Most circulating apoA-II is present in lipoprotein A-I/A-II. To study the influence of apoA-I on apoA-II and AApoAII amyloidosis, apoA-I-deficient (C57BL/6J.Apoa1⁻/⁻) mice were used. Apoa1⁻/⁻ mice showed the expected significant reduction in total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) plasma levels. Unexpectedly, we found that apoA-I deficiency led to redistribution of apoA-II in HDL and an age-related increase in apoA-II levels, accompanied by larger HDL particle size and an age-related increase in TC, HDL-C, and TG. Aggravated AApoAII amyloidosis was induced in Apoa1⁻/⁻ mice systemically, especially in the heart. These results indicate that apoA-I plays key roles in maintaining apoA-II distribution and HDL particle size. Furthermore, apoA-II redistribution may be the main reason for aggravated AApoAII amyloidosis in Apoa1⁻/⁻ mice. These results may shed new light on the relationship between apoA-I and apoA-II as well as provide new information concerning amyloidosis mechanism and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyong Wang
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute on Aging and Adaptation, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
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Hypertriglyceridemia and delayed clearance of fat load in transgenic rabbits expressing human apolipoprotein CIII. Transgenic Res 2010; 20:867-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-010-9467-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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