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Zhou Y, Zha Y, Yang Y, Ma T, Li H, Liang J. S100 proteins in cardiovascular diseases. Mol Med 2023; 29:68. [PMID: 37217870 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00662-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have become a serious threat to human health and life worldwide and have the highest fatality rate. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases have become a focus for public health experts. The expression of S100 proteins is cell- and tissue-specific; they are implicated in cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and inflammatory diseases and cancer. This review article discusses the progress in the research on the role of S100 protein family members in cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the mechanisms by which these proteins exert their biological function may provide novel concepts for preventing, treating, and predicting cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Zha
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Yang
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tan Ma
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jingyan Liang
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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2
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Zan C, An J, Wu Z, Li S. Engineering molecular nanoprobes to target early atherosclerosis: Precise diagnostic tools and promising therapeutic carriers. Nanotheranostics 2023; 7:327-344. [PMID: 37064609 PMCID: PMC10093416 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.82654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, an inflammation-driven chronic blood vessel disease, is a major contributor to devastating cardiovascular events, bringing serious social and economic burdens. Currently, non-invasive diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in combination with novel nanosized materials as well as established molecular targets are under active investigation to develop integrated molecular imaging approaches, precisely visualizing and/or even effectively reversing early-stage plaques. Besides, mechanistic investigation in the past decades provides many potent candidates extensively involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Recent hotly-studied imaging nanoprobes for detecting early plaques mainly including optical nanoprobes, photoacoustic nanoprobes, magnetic resonance nanoprobes, positron emission tomography nanoprobes, and other dual- and multi-modality imaging nanoprobes, have been proven to be surface functionalized with important molecular targets, which occupy tailored physical and biological properties for atherogenesis. Of note, these engineering nanoprobes provide long blood-pool residence and specific molecular targeting, which allows efficient recognition of early-stage atherosclerotic plaques and thereby function as a novel type of precise diagnostic tools as well as potential therapeutic carriers of anti-atherosclerosis drugs. There have been no available nanoprobes applied in the clinics so far, although many newly emerged nanoprobes, as exemplified by aggregation-induced emission nanoprobes and TiO2 nanoprobes, have been tested for cell lines in vitro and atherogenic animal models in vivo, achieving good experimental effects. Therefore, there is an urgent call to translate these preclinical results for nanoprobes into clinical trials. For this reason, this review aims to give an overview of currently investigated nanoprobes in the context of atherosclerosis, summarize relevant published studies showing applications of different kinds of formulated nanoprobes in early detection and reverse of plaques, discuss recent advances and some limitations thereof, and provide some insights into the development of the new generation of more precise and efficient molecular nanoprobes, with a critical property of specifically targeting early atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Zan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie An
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhifang Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Prof. Zhifang Wu, E-mail: . Prof. Sijin Li, E-mail:
| | - Sijin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Prof. Zhifang Wu, E-mail: . Prof. Sijin Li, E-mail:
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Hu Z, Li H, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Yang X, Huang R, Li Y, Ran H, Shang T. Plasma Calprotectin Is Predictive for Short-Term Functional Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:811062. [PMID: 35386415 PMCID: PMC8978320 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.811062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blood-based prognostic biomarkers of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are limiting. Calprotectin is suggested to be involved in directing post-stroke inflammatory conditions. However, the pathological alteration of circulating calprotectin in AIS is yet to be thoroughly elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the levels and clinical relevance of calprotectin in AIS. Methods This study recruited 271 patients with AIS within 24 h since symptom onset and 145 non-stroke healthy controls (HC) from February 1, 2018, to Dec 31, 2020. Patients were followed up for 2 weeks for observation of functional outcomes, as determined by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Plasma calprotectin concentrations were determined by ELISA. Results Plasma calprotectin concentrations were significantly higher in patients with AIS compared with controls [patients vs. control: median (IQR) 54.2 (39.01–99.04) vs. 50.04 (35.42–61.22), p < 0.001]. Besides, patients with poor prognosis, as defined by mRS ≥ 3, had significantly higher calprotectin levels than patients with good prognosis [poor prognosis patients vs. good prognosis patients: median (IQR) 61.99 (47.52–108) vs. 43.36 (33.39–60.2), p < 0.001]. Plasma calprotectin levels were positively associated with the disease severity of AIS, as reflected by infarction volume and NIHSS score at baseline. Furthermore, baseline calprotectin was found to be independently associated with poor prognosis [odds ratio (OR): 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.03] and disease progression (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02–1.04) of AIS during a 2-week follow-up, with adjustment of possible confounding factors. Conclusion Plasma calprotectin is associated with short-term functional outcomes of AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Hu
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Hechuan (PHHC), Chongqing, China
| | - Haihua Li
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Hechuan (PHHC), Chongqing, China
| | - Yongping Zhu
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Hechuan (PHHC), Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Hechuan (PHHC), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Neuroscience Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Rongzhong Huang
- Department of Gerontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongyong Li
- Department of Gerontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haitao Ran
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Haitao Ran
| | - Tingting Shang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Tingting Shang
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4
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Wong ND, Budoff MJ, Ferdinand K, Graham IM, Michos ED, Reddy T, Shapiro MD, Toth PP. ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK ASSESSMENT: An American Society for Preventive Cardiology Clinical Practice Statement. Am J Prev Cardiol 2022; 10:100335. [PMID: 35342890 PMCID: PMC8943256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) shows considerable heterogeneity both in generally healthy persons and in those with known ASCVD. The foundation of preventive cardiology begins with assessing baseline ASCVD risk using global risk scores based on standard office-based measures. Persons at low risk are generally recommended for lifestyle management only and those at highest risk are recommended for both lifestyle and pharmacologic therapy. Additional “risk enhancing” factors, including both traditional risk factors and novel biomarkers and inflammatory factors can be used to further assess ASCVD risk, especially in those at borderline or intermediate risk. There are also female-specific risk enhancers, social determinants of health, and considerations for high-risk ethnic groups. Screening for subclinical atherosclerosis, especially with the use of coronary calcium screening, can further inform the treatment decision if uncertain based on the above strategies. Persons with pre-existing ASCVD also have variable risk, affected by the number of major ASCVD events, whether recurrent events have occurred recently, and the presence of other major risk factors or high-risk conditions. Current guidelines define high to very high risk ASCVD accordingly. Accurate ASCVD risk assessment is crucial for the appropriate targeting of preventive therapies to reduce ASCVD risk. Finally, the clinician-patient risk discussion focusing on lifestyle management and the risks and benefits of evidence-based pharmacologic therapies to best lower ASCVD risk is central to this process. This clinical practice statement provides the preventive cardiology specialist with guidance and tools for assessment of ASCVD risk with the goal of appropriately targeting treatment approaches for prevention of ASCVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D. Wong
- Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Corresponding author.
| | - Matthew J. Budoff
- Division of Cardiology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Keith Ferdinand
- Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA United States
| | - Ian M. Graham
- Department of Cardiology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Erin D. Michos
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tina Reddy
- Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA United States
| | | | - Peter P. Toth
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, United States
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5
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Park J, Wen AM, Gao H, Shin MD, Simon DI, Wang Y, Steinmetz NF. Designing S100A9-Targeted Plant Virus Nanoparticles to Target Deep Vein Thrombosis. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2582-2594. [PMID: 34060817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Thromboembolic conditions are a leading cause of death worldwide, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), or occlusive venous clot formation, is a critical and rising problem that contributes to damage of vital organs, long-term complications, and life-threatening conditions such as pulmonary embolism. Early diagnosis and treatment are correlated to better prognosis. However, current technologies in these areas, such as ultrasonography for diagnostics and anticoagulants for treatment, are limited in terms of their accuracy and therapeutic windows. In this work, we investigated targeting myeloid related protein 14 (MRP-14, also known as S100A9) using plant virus-based nanoparticle carriers as a means to achieve tissue specificity aiding prognosis and therapeutic intervention. We used a combinatorial peptide library screen to identify peptide ligands that bind MRP-14. Candidates were selected and formulated as nanoparticles by using cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Intravascular delivery of our MRP-14-targeted nanoparticles in a murine model of DVT resulted in enhanced accumulation in the thrombi and reduced thrombus size, suggesting application of nanoparticles for molecular targeting of MRP-14 could be a promising direction for improving DVT diagnostics, therapeutics, and therefore prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooneon Park
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Amy M Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Huiyun Gao
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Matthew D Shin
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Daniel I Simon
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Yunmei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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6
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Guo D, Zhu Z, Xu T, Zhong C, Wang A, Xie X, Peng Y, Peng H, Li Q, Ju Z, Geng D, Chen J, Liu L, Wang Y, Zhang Y, He J. Plasma S100A8/A9 Concentrations and Clinical Outcomes of Ischemic Stroke in 2 Independent Multicenter Cohorts. Clin Chem 2020; 66:706-717. [PMID: 32285094 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND S100A8/A9 is implicated in inflammation mechanisms related to atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability, but it remains unclear whether S100A8/A9 is associated with the prognosis of ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate these associations in 2 independent multicenter cohorts. METHODS Plasma S100A8/A9 concentrations at baseline were measured among 4785 patients with ischemic stroke from 2 independent cohorts: Infectious Factors, Inflammatory Markers, and Prognosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke (IIPAIS) and China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke (CATIS). The primary outcome was a composite outcome of death or major disability at 3 months after ischemic stroke. Secondary outcomes were major disability, death, and a composite outcome of death or vascular events. RESULTS Among the combined participants of IIPAIS and CATIS, the adjusted odds ratios associated with the highest quartile of plasma S100A8/A9 were 2.11 (95% CI, 1.66-2.68) for the primary outcome and 1.62 (95% CI, 1.27-2.07) for the secondary outcome of major disability; adjusted hazard ratios were 4.14 (95% CI, 2.10-8.15) for the secondary outcome of death and 2.08 (95% CI, 1.38-3.13) for the composite outcome of death or vascular events. Each SD increase of log-transformed S100A8/A9 was associated with 28% (95% CI, 18%-39%; P < 0.001) increased risk of the primary outcome. Multivariable-adjusted spline regression analyses showed a linear association between plasma S100A8/A9 concentrations and primary outcome (P < 0.001 for linearity). Subgroup analyses further confirmed these associations. CONCLUSIONS High plasma S100A8/A9 concentrations at baseline were independently associated with increased risks of adverse clinical outcomes at 3 months after ischemic stroke, suggesting that S100A8/A9 might have a role as a prognostic marker of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoxia Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Zhengbao Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Tan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chongke Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Aili Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuewei Xie
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbo Peng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qunwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Taishan Medical College, Shandong, China
| | - Zhong Ju
- Department of Neurology, Kerqin District First People's Hospital of Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Deqin Geng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA.,Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA.,Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
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Mog B, Asase C, Chaplin A, Gao H, Rajagopalan S, Maiseyeu A. Nano-Antagonist Alleviates Inflammation and Allows for MRI of Atherosclerosis. Nanotheranostics 2019; 3:342-355. [PMID: 31723548 PMCID: PMC6838142 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.37391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific targeting of inflammation remains a challenge in many pathologies, because of the necessary balance between host tolerance and efficacious inflammation resolution. Here, we discovered a short, 4-mer peptide which possesses antagonist properties towards CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), but only when displayed on the surface of lipid nanoparticles. According to BLAST analysis, this peptide motif is a common repeating fragment in a number of proteins of the CC chemokine family, which are key players in the inflammatory response. In this study, self-assembled, peptide-conjugated nanoparticles (CCTV) exhibited typical properties of CCR2 antagonism, including affinity to the CCR2 receptor, inhibition of chemotactic migration of primary monocytes, and prevention from CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)-induced actin polymerization. Furthermore, CCTV ameliorated NFkB activation and downregulated the secondary, but not the primary, inflammatory response in cultured macrophages. When conjugated with gadolinium or europium cryptates, CCTV enabled targeted imaging (via magnetic resonance imaging and time-resolved fluorescence) of atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory condition in which the CCL2/CCR2 axis is highly dysfunctional. CCTV targeted CCR2hiLy6Chi inflammatory monocytes in blood and the atherosclerotic plaque, resulting in cell-specific transcriptional downregulation of key inflammatory genes. Finally, CCTV generated pronounced inflammasome inactivation, likely mediated through reactive oxygen species scavenging and downregulation of NLRP3. In summary, our work demonstrates for the first time that a short peptide fragment presented on a nanoparticle surface exhibit potent receptor-targeted antagonist effects, which are not seen with the peptide alone. Unlike commonly used cargo-carrying, vector-directed drug delivery vehicles, CCTV nanoparticles may act as therapeutics/theranostics themselves, particularly in inflammatory conditions with CCL2/CCR2 pathogenesis, including cardiovascular disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Mog
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, 420 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Courteney Asase
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alice Chaplin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Huiyun Gao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, 420 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Andrei Maiseyeu
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, 420 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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8
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Chen W, Li X, Guo S, Song N, Wang J, Jia L, Zhu A. Tanshinone IIA harmonizes the crosstalk of autophagy and polarization in macrophages via miR-375/KLF4 pathway to attenuate atherosclerosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 70:486-497. [PMID: 30870679 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play a pivotal role in destabilizing atherosclerotic plaque. The diverse phenotypes and complex autophagy in macrophage are observed in atherosclerotic lesions. Tanshinone IIA (TNA) is known as the major component extracted from the root of Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza, used for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, the therapeutic mechanism of TNA is not clear yet. In this study, we identified inflammation-related gene expression by microarray in atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE knockout mice fed with high fat diet and found miR-375 was one of the significantly high expressed microRNAs compared with wild type mice and TNA treated mice. Then we compared the levels of proteins related to the signal pathway of autophagy, and the phenotype of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques ex vivo. We predicted KLF4 might be the key target of miR-375 that mediated the crosstalk between autophagy and polarization by TNA. Furthermore, we detected the expression of signal pathway in ox-LDL induced macrophages after treatment with TNA in vitro to verify this predict. The results suggest TNA could activate KLF4 and enhance autophagy as well as M2 polarization of macrophages by inhibiting miR-375 to Attenuate Atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Chen
- Department of Medical Science of Laboratory, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Ximing Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shengnan Guo
- Department of Medical Science of Laboratory, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Nan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Junyan Wang
- The First Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianqun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Aisong Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
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9
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The Multifaceted Uses and Therapeutic Advantages of Nanoparticles for Atherosclerosis Research. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11050754. [PMID: 29738480 PMCID: PMC5978131 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are uniquely suited for the study and development of potential therapies against atherosclerosis by virtue of their size, fine-tunable properties, and ability to incorporate therapies and/or imaging modalities. Furthermore, nanoparticles can be specifically targeted to the atherosclerotic plaque, evading off-target effects and/or associated cytotoxicity. There has been a wealth of knowledge available concerning the use of nanotechnologies in cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis, in particular in animal models, but with a major focus on imaging agents. In fact, roughly 60% of articles from an initial search for this review included examples of imaging applications of nanoparticles. Thus, this review focuses on experimental therapy interventions applied to and observed in animal models. Particular emphasis is placed on how nanoparticle materials and properties allow researchers to learn a great deal about atherosclerosis. The objective of this review was to provide an update for nanoparticle use in imaging and drug delivery studies and to illustrate how nanoparticles can be used for sensing and modelling, for studying fundamental biological mechanisms, and for the delivery of biotherapeutics such as proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and even cells all with the goal of attenuating atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the various atherosclerosis processes targeted mainly for imaging studies have been summarized in the hopes of inspiring new and exciting targeted therapeutic and/or imaging strategies.
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10
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Pruenster M, Vogl T, Roth J, Sperandio M. S100A8/A9: From basic science to clinical application. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 167:120-131. [PMID: 27492899 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils and monocytes belong to the first line of immune defence cells and are recruited to sites of inflammation during infection or sterile injury. Both cells contain huge amounts of the heterodimeric protein S100A8/A9 in their cytoplasm. S100A8/A9 belongs to the Ca2+ binding S100 protein family and has recently gained a lot of interest as a critical alarmin modulating the inflammatory response after its release (extracellular S100A8/A9) from neutrophils and monocytes. Extracellular S100A8/A9 interacts with the pattern recognition receptors Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE) promoting cell activation and recruitment. Besides its biological function, S100A8/A9 (also known as myeloid related protein 8/14, MRP8/14) was identified as interesting biomarker to monitor disease activity in chronic inflammatory disorders including inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, S100A8/A9 has been tested successfully in pre-clinical imaging studies to localize sites of infection or sterile injury. Finally, recent evidence using small molecule inhibitors for S100A8/A9 also suggests that blocking S100A8/A9 activity exerts beneficial effects on disease activity in animal models of autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. This review will provide a comprehensive and detailed overview into the structure and biological function of S100A8/A9 and also will give an outlook in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic applications targeting S100A8/A9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pruenster
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany.
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Boyapati RK, Rossi AG, Satsangi J, Ho GT. Gut mucosal DAMPs in IBD: from mechanisms to therapeutic implications. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:567-82. [PMID: 26931062 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are released during tissue damage and have increasingly recognized roles in the etiology of many human diseases. The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are immune-mediated conditions where high levels of DAMPs are observed. DAMPs such as calprotectin (S100A8/9) have an established clinical role as a biomarker in IBD. In this review, we use IBD as an archetypal common chronic inflammatory disease to focus on the conceptual and evidential importance of DAMPs in pathogenesis and why DAMPs represent an entirely new class of targets for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Boyapati
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK.,Gastrointestinal Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A G Rossi
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Satsangi
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - G-T Ho
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK.,Gastrointestinal Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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12
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Bagalkot V, Deiuliis JA, Rajagopalan S, Maiseyeu A. "Eat me" imaging and therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 99:2-11. [PMID: 26826436 PMCID: PMC4865253 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clearance of apoptotic debris is a vital role of the innate immune system. Drawing upon principles of apoptotic clearance, convenient delivery vehicles including intrinsic anti-inflammatory characteristics and specificity to immune cells can be engineered to aid in drug delivery. In this article, we examine the use of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), the well-known "eat-me" signal, in nanoparticle-based therapeutics making them highly desirable "meals" for phagocytic immune cells. Use of PtdSer facilitates engulfment of nanoparticles allowing for imaging and therapy in various pathologies and may result in immunomodulation. Furthermore, we discuss the targeting of the macrophages and other cells at sites of inflammation in disease. A thorough understanding of the immunobiology of "eat-me" signals is requisite for the successful application of "eat-me"-bearing materials in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Bagalkot
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Deiuliis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Andrei Maiseyeu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States.
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13
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Bagalkot V, Badgeley MA, Kampfrath T, Deiuliis JA, Rajagopalan S, Maiseyeu A. Hybrid nanoparticles improve targeting to inflammatory macrophages through phagocytic signals. J Control Release 2015; 217:243-55. [PMID: 26386437 PMCID: PMC4874242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are innate immune cells with great phenotypic plasticity, which allows them to regulate an array of physiological processes such as host defense, tissue repair, and lipid/lipoprotein metabolism. In this proof-of-principle study, we report that macrophages of the M1 inflammatory phenotype can be selectively targeted by model hybrid lipid-latex (LiLa) nanoparticles bearing phagocytic signals. We demonstrate a simple and robust route to fabricate nanoparticles and then show their efficacy through imaging and drug delivery in inflammatory disease models of atherosclerosis and obesity. Self-assembled LiLa nanoparticles can be modified with a variety of hydrophobic entities such as drug cargos, signaling lipids, and imaging reporters resulting in sub-100nm nanoparticles with low polydispersities. The optimized theranostic LiLa formulation with gadolinium, fluorescein and "eat-me" phagocytic signals (Gd-FITC-LiLa) a) demonstrates high relaxivity that improves magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sensitivity, b) encapsulates hydrophobic drugs at up to 60% by weight, and c) selectively targets inflammatory M1 macrophages concomitant with controlled release of the payload of anti-inflammatory drug. The mechanism and kinetics of the payload discharge appeared to be phospholipase A2 activity-dependent, as determined by means of intracellular Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). In vivo, LiLa targets M1 macrophages in a mouse model of atherosclerosis, allowing noninvasive imaging of atherosclerotic plaque by MRI. In the context of obesity, LiLa particles were selectively deposited to M1 macrophages within inflamed adipose tissue, as demonstrated by single-photon intravital imaging in mice. Collectively, our results suggest that phagocytic signals can preferentially target inflammatory macrophages in experimental models of atherosclerosis and obesity, thus opening the possibility of future clinical applications that diagnose/treat these conditions. Tunable LiLa nanoparticles reported here can serve as a model theranostic platform with application in various types of imaging of the diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, obesity, and cancer where macrophages play a pathogenic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Bagalkot
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Marcus A Badgeley
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Thomas Kampfrath
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Deiuliis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Andrei Maiseyeu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Mallat
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U970, Paris, France.
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15
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Patel SK, Janjic JM. Macrophage targeted theranostics as personalized nanomedicine strategies for inflammatory diseases. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:150-72. [PMID: 25553105 PMCID: PMC4279001 DOI: 10.7150/thno.9476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory disease management poses challenges due to the complexity of inflammation and inherent patient variability, thereby necessitating patient-specific therapeutic interventions. Theranostics, which integrate therapeutic and imaging functionalities, can be used for simultaneous imaging and treatment of inflammatory diseases. Theranostics could facilitate assessment of safety, toxicity and real-time therapeutic efficacy leading to personalized treatment strategies. Macrophages are an important cellular component of inflammatory diseases, participating in varied roles of disease exacerbation and resolution. The inherent phagocytic nature, abundance and disease homing properties of macrophages can be targeted for imaging and therapeutic purposes. This review discusses the utility of theranostics in macrophage ablation, phenotype modulation and inhibition of their inflammatory activity leading to resolution of inflammation in several diseases.
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16
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Vogl T, Eisenblätter M, Völler T, Zenker S, Hermann S, van Lent P, Faust A, Geyer C, Petersen B, Roebrock K, Schäfers M, Bremer C, Roth J. Alarmin S100A8/S100A9 as a biomarker for molecular imaging of local inflammatory activity. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4593. [PMID: 25098555 PMCID: PMC4143994 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has a key role in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. The early detection, localization and monitoring of inflammation are crucial for tailoring individual therapies. However, reliable biomarkers to detect local inflammatory activities and to predict disease outcome are still missing. Alarmins, which are locally released during cellular stress, are early amplifiers of inflammation. Here, using optical molecular imaging, we demonstrate that the alarmin S100A8/S100A9 serves as a sensitive local and systemic marker for the detection of even sub-clinical disease activity in inflammatory and immunological processes like irritative and allergic contact dermatitis. In a model of collagen-induced arthritis, we use S100A8/S100A9 imaging to predict the development of disease activity. Furthermore, S100A8/S100A9 can act as a very early and sensitive biomarker in experimental leishmaniasis for phagocyte activation linked to an effective Th1-response. In conclusion, the alarmin S100A8/S100A9 is a valuable and sensitive molecular target for novel imaging approaches to monitor clinically relevant inflammatory disorders on a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Michel Eisenblätter
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Tom Völler
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Zenker
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Hermann
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Peter van Lent
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Faust
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christiane Geyer
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Beatrix Petersen
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kirsten Roebrock
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003 ‘Cells in Motion - CiM’, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christoph Bremer
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Radiology, St Franziskus Hospital Münster, 48145 Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003 ‘Cells in Motion - CiM’, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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17
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S100A8 and S100A9: DAMPs at the crossroads between innate immunity, traditional risk factors, and cardiovascular disease. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:828354. [PMID: 24453429 PMCID: PMC3881579 DOI: 10.1155/2013/828354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplification of innate immune responses by endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) promotes inflammation. The involvement of S100A8 and S100A9, DAMPs belonging to the S100 calgranulin family, in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease is attracting an increasing amount of interest. S100A8 and S100A9 (also termed MRP8 and MRP14) preferentially form the S100A8/A9 heterodimer (MRP8/14 or calprotectin) and are constitutively expressed in myeloid cells. The levels of circulating S100A8/A9 in humans strongly correlate to blood neutrophil counts and are increased by traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. S100A8/A9 is an endogenous ligand of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and has been shown to promote atherogenesis in mice. In humans, S100A8/A9 correlates with the extent of coronary and carotid atherosclerosis and with a vulnerable plaque phenotype. S100A8/A9 is locally released following myocardial infarction and amplifies the inflammatory responses associated with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Elevated plasma levels of S100A8/A9 are associated with increased risk of future coronary events in healthy individuals and in myocardial infarction survivors. Thus, S100A8/A9 might represent a useful biomarker and therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease. Importantly, S100A8/A9 blockers have been developed and are approved for clinical testing.
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18
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Mohamud R, Xiang SD, Selomulya C, Rolland JM, O’Hehir RE, Hardy CL, Plebanski M. The effects of engineered nanoparticles on pulmonary immune homeostasis. Drug Metab Rev 2013; 46:176-90. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2013.859688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Myoloid-Related Protein 8, an Endogenous Ligand of Toll-Like Receptor 4, Is Involved in Epileptogenesis of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Via Activation of the Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway in Astrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:337-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Yan L, Bjork P, Butuc R, Gawdzik J, Earley J, Kim G, Hofmann Bowman MA. Beneficial effects of quinoline-3-carboxamide (ABR-215757) on atherosclerotic plaque morphology in S100A12 transgenic ApoE null mice. Atherosclerosis 2013; 228:69-79. [PMID: 23497784 PMCID: PMC3640742 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is an emerging widespread interest in the role of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMP) S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 in cardiovascular and other diseases. In this study we tested the efficacy of ABR-215757, a S100 protein binding immuno-modulatory compound to stabilize atherosclerosis in transgenic ApoE null mice that express the human pro-inflammatory S100A12 protein within the smooth muscle cell (SM22α-S100A12). METHODS Twelve-week old S100A12 transgenic/ApoE(-/-) and WT/ApoE(-/-) mice were treated with ABR-21575 for 5 weeks and were analyzed 4 month later. RESULTS Surface plasmon resonance analysis demonstrated that S100A12 interacts with ABR-215757 in a zinc dependent manner in vitro. In vivo, ABR-215757 administration reduced features of advanced plaque morphology resulting in smaller necrotic cores, diminished intimal and medial vascular calcification, and reduced amount of infiltrating inflammatory cells. ABR-215757 normalized aortic expression of RAGE protein and normalized experimentally-induced delayed hypersensitivity. The effect of ABR-215757 was more prominent in ApoE(-/-) mice expressing S100A12 than in ApoE(-/-) animals lacking expression of human S100A12 protein. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that S100A12 is important for progression of atherosclerosis and can be targeted by the small molecule ABR-215757. The specific binding of quinoline-3-carboxamides to S100A12 attenuates S100A12-mediated features of accelerated murine atherosclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiology
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Calgranulin B/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/drug therapy
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/genetics
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Protein Binding/physiology
- Quinolines/pharmacology
- Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- S100 Proteins/genetics
- S100 Proteins/metabolism
- S100A12 Protein
- Vasculitis/drug therapy
- Vasculitis/genetics
- Vasculitis/pathology
- Zinc/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Per Bjork
- Active Biotech AB, Scheelev. 22, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Radu Butuc
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph Gawdzik
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Judy Earley
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gene Kim
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
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21
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MRP8 promotes Th17 differentiation via upregulation of IL-6 production by fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Exp Mol Med 2013; 45:e20. [PMID: 23619188 PMCID: PMC3641402 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2013.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-related protein (MRP)8/MRP14 is an endogenous Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand and is abundant in synovial fluid (SF) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Belonging to damage-associated molecular patterns, it amplifies proinflammatory mediators and facilitates a wide range of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Interleukin (IL)-17-producing T-helper (Th)17 cells have a crucial role in RA pathogenesis, and IL-6 is the key factor promoting Th17 differentiation. We investigated whether the level of MRP8/MRP14 is positively associated with IL-6 and IL-17 levels in RA SF and found that MRP8/MRP14 level had a significant correlation with IL-6 and IL-17 levels in RA SF. We also observed that MRP8-induced IL-17 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells but MRP14 did not. Upon stimulation with MRP8, IL-6 production was enhanced by RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and was further elevated by coculturing RA FLS with activated CD4+ T cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that MRP8-activated IL-6 production by RA FLS promoted differentiation of Th17 cells using the coculture system consisting of CD4+ T cells and RA FLS. In addition, IL-6 blockade attenuated Th17 polarization of CD4+ T cells in the cocultures. Inhibitor studies revealed that MRP8 increased IL-6 production in RA FLS via TLR4/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Our results show that MRP8 has a crucial role in stimulating IL-6 expression by RA FLS, and subsequently promotes Th17 differentiation in RA, suggesting that neutralizing MRP8 level in RA synovium may be an effective therapeutic strategy in RA treatment.
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22
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den Adel B, Daemen MJ, Poelmann RE, van der Weerd L. Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Detection of Vulnerable Plaques: Is It Possible?: Retracted. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013:ATVBAHA.112.300108. [PMID: 23413424 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in molecular resonance imaging of atherosclerosis enable to visualize atherosclerotic plaques in vivo using molecular targeted contrast agents. This offers opportunities to study atherosclerosis development and plaque vulnerability noninvasively. In this review, we discuss MRI contrast agents targeted toward atherosclerotic plaques and illustrate how these new imaging platforms could assist in our understanding of atherogenesis and atheroprogression. In particular, we highlight the challenges and limitations of the different contrast agents and hurdles for clinical application. We describe the most promising existing compounds to detect atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability. Of particular interest are the fibrin-targeted compounds that detect thrombi and, furthermore, the contrast agents targeted to integrins that allow to visualize plaque neovascularization. Moreover, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1-targeted iron oxides seem promising for early detection of atherosclerosis. These targeted MRI contrast agents, however promising and well characterized in (pre)clinical models, lack specificity for plaque vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigit den Adel
- From the Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (B.d.A., R.E.P., L.v.d.W.)
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23
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Abstract
Vascular calcification is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Arterial calcification of the aorta and coronary, carotid, and peripheral arteries becomes more prevalent with age. Genome-wide association studies have identified regions of the genome linked to vascular calcification, and these same regions are linked to myocardial infarction risk. The 9p21 region linked to vascular disease and inflammation also associates with vascular calcification. In addition to these common variants, rare genetic defects can serve as primary triggers of accelerated and premature calcification. Infancy-associated calcific disorders are caused by loss-of-function mutations in ENPP1, an enzyme that produces extracellular pyrophosphate. Adult-onset vascular calcification is linked to mutations in NTE5, another enzyme that regulates extracellular phosphate metabolism. Common conditions that secondarily enhance vascular calcification include atherosclerosis, metabolic dysfunction, diabetes, and impaired renal clearance. Oxidative stress and vascular inflammation, along with biophysical properties, converge with these predisposing factors to promote soft tissue mineralization. Vascular calcification is accompanied by an osteogenic profile, and this osteogenic conversion is seen within the vascular smooth muscle as well as the matrix. Here, we review the genetic causes of medial calcification in the smooth muscle layer, focusing on recent discoveries of gene mutations that regulate extracellular matrix phosphate production and the role of S100 proteins as promoters of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion A Hofmann Bowman
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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