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Yu JS, Kim HJ, Kim YE, Yang HO, Shin YK, Kim H, Park S, Lee G. Lipidomic Assessment of the Inhibitory Effect of Standardized Water Extract of Hydrangea serrata (Thunb.) Ser. Leaves during Adipogenesis. Nutrients 2024; 16:1508. [PMID: 38794745 PMCID: PMC11124303 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is primarily exacerbated by excessive lipid accumulation during adipogenesis, with triacylglycerol (TG) as a major lipid marker. However, as the association between numerous lipid markers and various health conditions has recently been revealed, investigating the lipid metabolism in detail has become necessary. This study investigates the lipid metabolic effects of Hydrangea serrata (Thunb.) Ser. hot water leaf extract (WHS) on adipogenesis using LC-MS-based lipidomics analysis of undifferentiated, differentiated, and WHS-treated differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. WHS treatment effectively suppressed the elevation of glycerolipids, including TG and DG, and prevented a molecular shift in fatty acyl composition towards long-chain unsaturated fatty acids. This shift also impacted glycerophospholipid metabolism. Additionally, WHS stabilized significant lipid markers such as the PC/PE and LPC/PE ratios, SM, and Cer, which are associated with obesity and related comorbidities. This study suggests that WHS could reduce obesity-related risk factors by regulating lipid markers during adipogenesis. This study is the first to assess the underlying lipidomic mechanisms of the adipogenesis-inhibitory effect of WHS, highlighting its potential in developing natural products for treating obesity and related conditions. Our study provides a new strategy for the development of natural products for the treatment of obesity and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sik Yu
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (J.S.Y.); (H.J.K.); (Y.E.K.); (H.O.Y.)
- Convergence Research Center for Natural Products, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ju Kim
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (J.S.Y.); (H.J.K.); (Y.E.K.); (H.O.Y.)
- Convergence Research Center for Natural Products, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Eun Kim
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (J.S.Y.); (H.J.K.); (Y.E.K.); (H.O.Y.)
- Convergence Research Center for Natural Products, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ok Yang
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (J.S.Y.); (H.J.K.); (Y.E.K.); (H.O.Y.)
- Convergence Research Center for Natural Products, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Kyong Shin
- Department of New Material Development, COSMAXBIO, Seongnam 13486, Republic of Korea; (Y.-K.S.); (H.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Hyunjae Kim
- Department of New Material Development, COSMAXBIO, Seongnam 13486, Republic of Korea; (Y.-K.S.); (H.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Soyoon Park
- Department of New Material Development, COSMAXBIO, Seongnam 13486, Republic of Korea; (Y.-K.S.); (H.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Gakyung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (J.S.Y.); (H.J.K.); (Y.E.K.); (H.O.Y.)
- Convergence Research Center for Natural Products, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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Grant CE, Godfrey H, Tal M, Bakovic M, Shoveller AK, Blois SL, Hesta M, Verbrugghe A. Description of the fasted serum metabolomic signature of lean and obese cats at maintenance and of obese cats under energy restriction. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299375. [PMID: 38489282 PMCID: PMC10942044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the serum metabolomic profile of obese and lean cats as well as obese cats before and after energy restriction for weight loss. Thirty cats, 16 obese (body condition score 8 to 9/9) and 14 lean (body condition score 4 to 5/9), were fed a veterinary weight loss food during a 4-week period of weight maintenance (L-MAINT and O-MAINT). The 16 obese cats were then energy restricted by a 60% energy intake reduction with the same food for a 10-week period (O-RESTRICT). Fasted serum metabolites were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance and direct infusion mass spectrometry after the maintenance period for L-MAINT and O-MAINT cats and after the energy restriction period for O-RESTRICT and compared between groups using a two-sided t-test. Obese cats lost 672 g ± 303 g over the 10-week restriction period, representing a weight loss rate of 0.94 ± 0.28% per week. Glycine, l-alanine, l-histidine, l-glutamine, 2-hydroxybutyrate, isobutryric acid, citric acid, creatine, and methanol were greater in O-RESTRICT compared to O-MAINT. There was a greater concentration of long-chain acylcarnitines in O-RESTRICT compared to both O-MAINT and L-MAINT, and greater total amino acids compared to O-MAINT. Glycerol and 3-hydroxybutyric acid were greater in O-MAINT compared to L-MAINT, as were several lysophosphatidylcholines. Thus, energy restriction resulted in increased dispensable amino acids in feline serum which could indicate alterations in amino acid partitioning. An increase in lipolysis was not evident, though greater circulating acylcarnitines were observed, suggesting that fatty acid oxidation rates may have been greater under calorie restriction. More research is needed to elucidate energy metabolism and substrate utilization, specifically fatty acid oxidation and methyl status, during energy restriction in strict carnivorous cats to optimize weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E. Grant
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hannah Godfrey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Moran Tal
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marica Bakovic
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna K. Shoveller
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shauna L. Blois
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Myriam Hesta
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Adronie Verbrugghe
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Chang JK, Teo G, Pewzner-Jung Y, Cuthbertson DJ, Futerman AH, Wenk MR, Choi H, Torta F. Q-RAI data-independent acquisition for lipidomic quantitative profiling. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19281. [PMID: 37935746 PMCID: PMC10630469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Untargeted lipidomics has been increasingly adopted for hypothesis generation in a biological context or discovery of disease biomarkers. Most of the current liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based untargeted methodologies utilize a data dependent acquisition (DDA) approach in pooled samples for identification and MS-only acquisition for semi-quantification in individual samples. In this study, we present for the first time an untargeted lipidomic workflow that makes use of the newly implemented Quadrupole Resolved All-Ions (Q-RAI) acquisition function on the Agilent 6546 quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometer to acquire MS2 spectra in data independent acquisition (DIA) mode. This is followed by data processing and analysis on MetaboKit, a software enabling DDA-based spectral library construction and extraction of MS1 and MS2 peak areas, for reproducible identification and quantification of lipids in DIA analysis. This workflow was tested on lipid extracts from human plasma and showed quantification at MS1 and MS2 levels comparable to multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) targeted analysis of the same samples. Analysis of serum from Ceramide Synthase 2 (CerS2) null mice using the Q-RAI DIA workflow identified 88 lipid species significantly different between CerS2 null and wild type mice, including well-characterized changes previously associated with this phenotype. Our results show the Q-RAI DIA as a reliable option to perform simultaneous identification and reproducible relative quantification of lipids in exploratory biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kai Chang
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme and Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- SLING, Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guoshou Teo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yael Pewzner-Jung
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme and Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- SLING, Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hyungwon Choi
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme and Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Federico Torta
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme and Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- SLING, Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Pihlström S, Richardt S, Määttä K, Pekkinen M, Olkkonen VM, Mäkitie O, Mäkitie RE. SGMS2 in primary osteoporosis with facial nerve palsy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1224318. [PMID: 37886644 PMCID: PMC10598846 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1224318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic heterozygous variants in SGMS2 cause a rare monogenic form of osteoporosis known as calvarial doughnut lesions with bone fragility (CDL). The clinical presentations of SGMS2-related bone pathology range from childhood-onset osteoporosis with low bone mineral density and sclerotic doughnut-shaped lesions in the skull to a severe spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with neonatal fractures, long-bone deformities, and short stature. In addition, neurological manifestations occur in some patients. SGMS2 encodes sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2), an enzyme involved in the production of sphingomyelin (SM). This review describes the biochemical structure of SM, SM metabolism, and their molecular actions in skeletal and neural tissue. We postulate how disrupted SM gradient can influence bone formation and how animal models may facilitate a better understanding of SGMS2-related osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pihlström
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampo Richardt
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Määttä
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Pekkinen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children´s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa M. Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children´s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Riikka E. Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Lee M, Lee SY, Bae YS. Functional roles of sphingolipids in immunity and their implication in disease. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1110-1130. [PMID: 37258585 PMCID: PMC10318102 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids, which are components of cellular membranes and organ tissues, can be synthesized or degraded to modulate cellular responses according to environmental cues, and the balance among the different sphingolipids is important for directing immune responses, regardless of whether they originate, as intra- or extracellular immune events. Recent progress in multiomics-based analyses and methodological approaches has revealed that human health and diseases are closely related to the homeostasis of sphingolipid metabolism, and disease-specific alterations in sphingolipids and related enzymes can be prognostic markers of human disease progression. Accumulating human clinical data from genome-wide association studies and preclinical data from disease models provide support for the notion that sphingolipids are the missing pieces that supplement our understanding of immune responses and diseases in which the functions of the involved proteins and nucleotides have been established. In this review, we analyze sphingolipid-related enzymes and reported human diseases to understand the important roles of sphingolipid metabolism. We discuss the defects and alterations in sphingolipid metabolism in human disease, along with functional roles in immune cells. We also introduce several methodological approaches and provide summaries of research on sphingolipid modulators in this review that should be helpful in studying the roles of sphingolipids in preclinical studies for the investigation of experimental and molecular medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06355, Republic of Korea
| | - Suh Yeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoe-Sik Bae
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06355, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Effect of Total Sphingomyelin Synthase Activity on Low Density Lipoprotein Catabolism in Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.03.527088. [PMID: 36798262 PMCID: PMC9934588 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.03.527088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol are two key lipid partners on cell membranes and on lipoproteins. Many studies have indicated the influence of cholesterol on SM metabolism. This study examined the influence of SM biosynthesis on cholesterol metabolism. Methods Inducible global Sms1 KO/global Sms2 KO mice were prepared to evaluate the effect of whole-body SM biosynthesis deficiency on lipoprotein metabolism. Tissue cholesterol, SM, ceramide, and glucosylceramide levels were measured. TG production rate and LDL catabolism were measured. Lipid rafts were isolated and LDL receptor mass and function were evaluated. Also, the effects of exogenous sphingolipids on hepatocytes were investigated. Results We found that total SMS depletion significantly reduced plasma SM levels. Also, the total deficiency significantly induced plasma cholesterol, apoB, and apoE levels. Importantly, total SMS deficiency, but not SMS2 deficiency, dramatically decreased LDL receptors in the liver and attenuated LDL uptake through the receptor. Further, we found that total SMS deficiency greatly reduced LDL receptors in the lipid rafts which contained significantly lower SM and significantly higher glucosylceramide as well as cholesterol. Furthermore, we treated primary hepatocytes and Huh7 cells (a human hepatoma cell line) with SM, ceramide, or glucosylceramide, and we found that only SM could up-regulate LDL receptor levels in a dose-dependent fashion. Conclusions Whole-body SM biosynthesis plays an important role in LDL-cholesterol catabolism. The total SMS deficiency, but not SMS2 deficiency, reduces LDL uptake and causes LDL-cholesterol accumulation in the circulation. Given the fact that serum SM level is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, inhibiting SMS2 but not SMS1 should be the desirable approach. Graphic Abstract
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Guo C, Zhang X, Yu Y, Wu Y, Xie L, Chang C. Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extract and chlorogenic acid attenuates high-fat-diet- induced prediabetes via CTRPs-AdipoRs-AMPK/PPARα axes. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1007679. [PMID: 36313074 PMCID: PMC9614216 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1007679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediabetes is considered an important reversible checkpoint in T2DM development, which can be delayed and prevented by early interventions. Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (LJF), an edible-medicinal herb, is rich in chlorogenic acid (CGA, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid) and exerts anti-diabetes effects, but its role in prediabetes remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of LJF extract and CGA on rat with prediabetes. Sprague-Dawley rats were given high-fat diet (HFD) to induce prediabetes, and glycolipid metabolism parameters and molecular mechanisms were evaluated. LJF (the LJF extract treatment group) and CGA (the pure CGA treatment group) significantly attenuated HFD-induced prediabetes with impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidemia, but their mechanisms of action are not exactly the same. Specifically, LJF prioritizes increasing protective lipid species [such as increasing blood polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-containing diacylglycerol (DAG) species, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C)], whereas CGA prioritizes reducing detrimental lipid species [such as saturated fatty acid-containing DAG species, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC)]. In addition, CGA significantly increased the content of blood very-long-chain fatty-acid (VLCFA)-containing ceramides species. This could be explained mechanically by a distinction between LJF and CGA's effects on C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs) which activate adiponectin receptors, triggering several downstream reactions. Because both LJF and CGA upregulated liver expression of adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) and enhanced the activity of downstream AMPK. LJF also increased serum levels of CTRP3 and CTRP9, especially CTRP9, whereas CGA had higher serum CTRP3 and upregulated liver PPARa expression. Additionally, ELOVL6 expression in the liver was greater in CGA than LJF. This study demonstrates that LJF and CGA exert hypoglycemic and lipid modulation capacity to prevent prediabetes may through the CTRPs-AdipoRs-AMPK/PPARα axes and promoting ELOVL6 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Guo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxiang Yu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Xie
- Department of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiqing Chang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Cuiqing Chang,
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Komuro M, Nagane M, Fukuyama T, Luo X, Hiraki S, Miyanabe M, Ishikawa M, Niwa C, Murakami H, Okamoto M, Yamashita T. Sphingomyelin maintains the cutaneous barrier via regulation of the STAT3 pathway. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22111. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100721rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Komuro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine Azabu University Sagamihara Japan
| | - Masaki Nagane
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine Azabu University Sagamihara Japan
- Center for Human and Animal Symbiosis Science Azabu University Sagamihara Japan
| | - Tomoki Fukuyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine Azabu University Sagamihara Japan
| | | | | | | | - Miyuki Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine Azabu University Sagamihara Japan
| | - Chiaki Niwa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine Azabu University Sagamihara Japan
| | - Hironobu Murakami
- Laboratory of Animal Health 2, School of Veterinary Medicine Azabu University Sagamihara Japan
| | - Mariko Okamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine Azabu University Sagamihara Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamashita
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine Azabu University Sagamihara Japan
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Sphingomyelin Synthase Family and Phospholipase Cs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:77-86. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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De Novo Sphingolipid Biosynthesis in Atherosclerosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:31-46. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Li Z, Chiang YP, He M, Worgall TS, Zhou H, Jiang XC. Liver sphingomyelin synthase 1 deficiency causes steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis: An effect of glucosylceramide accumulation. iScience 2021; 24:103449. [PMID: 34927020 PMCID: PMC8649732 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosylceramide (GluCer) was accumulated in sphingomyelin synthase 1 (SMS1) but not SMS2 deficient mouse tissues. In current study, we studied GluCer accumulation-mediated metabolic consequences. Livers from liver-specific Sms1/global Sms2 double-knockout (dKO) exhibited severe steatosis under a high-fat diet. Moreover, chow diet-fed ≥6-month-old dKO mice had liver impairment, inflammation, and fibrosis, compared with wild type and Sms2 KO mice. RNA sequencing showed 3- to 12-fold increases in various genes which are involved in lipogenesis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Further, we found that direct GluCer treatment (in vitro and in vivo) promoted hepatocyte to secrete more activated TGFβ1, which stimulated more collagen 1α1 production in hepatic stellate cells. Additionally, GluCer promoted more β-catenin translocation into the nucleus, thus promoting tumorigenesis. Importantly, human NASH patients had higher liver GluCer synthase and higher plasma GluCer. These findings implicated that GluCer accumulation is one of triggers promoting the development of NAFLD into NASH, then, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Yeun-po Chiang
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Mulin He
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Xian-Cheng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, USA
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12
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Montgomery MK, Taddese AZ, Bayliss J, Nie S, Williamson NA, Watt MJ. Hexosaminidase A (HEXA) regulates hepatic sphingolipid and lipoprotein metabolism in mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22046. [PMID: 34800307 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101186r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hexosaminidase A (HexA), a heterodimer consisting of HEXA and HEXB, converts the ganglioside sphingolipid GM2 to GM3 by removing a terminal N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. HexA enzyme deficiency in humans leads to GM2 accumulation in cells, particularly in neurons, and is associated with neurodegeneration. While HexA and sphingolipid metabolism have been extensively investigated in the context of neuronal lipid metabolism, little is known about the metabolic impact of HexA and ganglioside degradation in other tissues. Here, we focussed on the role of HexA in the liver, which is a major regulator of systemic lipid metabolism. We find that hepatic Hexa expression is induced by lipid availability and increased in the presence of hepatic steatosis, which is associated with increased hepatic GM3 content. To assess the impact of HEXA on hepatic lipid metabolism, we used an adeno-associated virus to overexpress HEXA in the livers of high-fat diet fed mice. HEXA overexpression was associated with increased hepatic GM3 content and increased expression of enzymes involved in the degradation of glycated sphingolipids, ultimately driving sphingomyelin accumulation in the liver. In addition, HEXA overexpression led to substantial proteome remodeling in cell surface lipid rafts, which was associated with increased VLDL processing and secretion, hypertriglyceridemia and ectopic lipid accumulation in peripheral tissues. This study established an important role of HEXA in modulating hepatic sphingolipid and lipoprotein metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene K Montgomery
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanuiel Z Taddese
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Bayliss
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shuai Nie
- Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Williamson
- Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Koh EH, Yoon JE, Ko MS, Leem J, Yun JY, Hong CH, Cho YK, Lee SE, Jang JE, Baek JY, Yoo HJ, Kim SJ, Sung CO, Lim JS, Jeong WI, Back SH, Baek IJ, Torres S, Solsona-Vilarrasa E, Conde de la Rosa L, Garcia-Ruiz C, Feldstein AE, Fernandez-Checa JC, Lee KU. Sphingomyelin synthase 1 mediates hepatocyte pyroptosis to trigger non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Gut 2021; 70:1954-1964. [PMID: 33208407 PMCID: PMC8458090 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lipotoxic hepatocyte injury is a primary event in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but the mechanisms of lipotoxicity are not fully defined. Sphingolipids and free cholesterol (FC) mediate hepatocyte injury, but their link in NASH has not been explored. We examined the role of free cholesterol and sphingomyelin synthases (SMSs) that generate sphingomyelin (SM) and diacylglycerol (DAG) in hepatocyte pyroptosis, a specific form of programmed cell death associated with inflammasome activation, and NASH. DESIGN Wild-type C57BL/6J mice were fed a high fat and high cholesterol diet (HFHCD) to induce NASH. Hepatic SMS1 and SMS2 expressions were examined in various mouse models including HFHCD-fed mice and patients with NASH. Pyroptosis was estimated by the generation of the gasdermin-D N-terminal fragment. NASH susceptibility and pyroptosis were examined following knockdown of SMS1, protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ), or the NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4). RESULTS HFHCD increased the hepatic levels of SM and DAG while decreasing the level of phosphatidylcholine. Hepatic expression of Sms1 but not Sms2 was higher in mouse models and patients with NASH. FC in hepatocytes induced Sms1 expression, and Sms1 knockdown prevented HFHCD-induced NASH. DAG produced by SMS1 activated PKCδ and NLRC4 inflammasome to induce hepatocyte pyroptosis. Depletion of Nlrc4 prevented hepatocyte pyroptosis and the development of NASH. Conditioned media from pyroptotic hepatocytes activated the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome (NLRP3) in Kupffer cells, but Nlrp3 knockout mice were not protected against HFHCD-induced hepatocyte pyroptosis. CONCLUSION SMS1 mediates hepatocyte pyroptosis through a novel DAG-PKCδ-NLRC4 axis and holds promise as a therapeutic target for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hee Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Yoon
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myoung Seok Ko
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaechan Leem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Yun
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chung Hwan Hong
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Eun Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- The Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Jung Kim
- The Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Ohk Sung
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Seo Lim
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Back
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - In-Jeoung Baek
- The Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sandra Torres
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Instituto Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain and Liver Unit-IDIBAPS and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estel Solsona-Vilarrasa
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Instituto Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain and Liver Unit-IDIBAPS and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Conde de la Rosa
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Instituto Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain and Liver Unit-IDIBAPS and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcia-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Instituto Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain and Liver Unit-IDIBAPS and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain,University of Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ariel E Feldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jose C Fernandez-Checa
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Instituto Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain and Liver Unit-IDIBAPS and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain .,University of Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ki-Up Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Taniguchi M, Okazaki T. Role of ceramide/sphingomyelin (SM) balance regulated through "SM cycle" in cancer. Cell Signal 2021; 87:110119. [PMID: 34418535 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin synthase (SMS), which comprises of two isozymes, SMS1 and SMS2, is the only enzyme that generates sphingomyelin (SM) by transferring phosphocholine of phosphatidylcholine to ceramide in mammals. Conversely, ceramide is generated from SM hydrolysis via sphingomyelinases (SMases), ceramide de novo synthesis, and the salvage pathway. The biosynthetic pathway for SM and ceramide content by SMS and SMase, respectively, is called "SM cycle." SM forms a SM-rich microdomain on the cell membrane to regulate signal transduction, such as proliferation/survival, migration, and inflammation. On the other hand, ceramide acts as a lipid mediator by forming a ceramide-rich platform on the membrane, and ceramide exhibits physiological actions such as cell death, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy induction. Therefore, the regulation of ceramide/SM balance by SMS and SMase is responsible for diverse cell functions not only in physiological cells but also in cancer cells. This review outlines the implications of ceramide/SM balance through "SM cycle" in cancer progression and prevention. In addition, the possible involvement of "SM cycle" is introduced in anti-cancer tumor immunity, which has become a hot topic to innovate a more effective and safer way to conquer cancer in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Taniguchi
- Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku 920-0293, Japan
| | - Toshiro Okazaki
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi-shi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan; Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
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15
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Onset of Senescence and Steatosis in Hepatocytes as a Consequence of a Shift in the Diacylglycerol/Ceramide Balance at the Plasma Membrane. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061278. [PMID: 34064003 PMCID: PMC8224046 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide and diacylglycerol (DAG) are bioactive lipids and mediate many cellular signaling pathways. Sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) is the single metabolic link between the two, while SMS2 is the only SMS form located at the plasma membrane. SMS2 functions were investigated in HepG2 cell lines stably expressing SMS2. SMS2 overexpression did not alter sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylcholine (PC), or ceramide levels. DAG content increased by approx. 40% and led to downregulation of DAG-dependent protein kinase C (PKC). SMS2 overexpression also induced senescence, characterized by positivity for β-galactosidase activity and heterochromatin foci. HepG2-SMS2 cells exhibited protruded mitochondria and suppressed mitochondrial respiration rates. ATP production and the abundance of Complex V were substantially lower in HepG2-SMS2 cells as compared to controls. SMS2 overexpression was associated with inflammasome activation based on increases in IL-1β and nlpr3 mRNA levels. HepG2-SMS2 cells exhibited lipid droplet accumulation, constitutive activation of AMPK based on elevated 172Thr phosphorylation, increased AMPK abundance, and insensitivity to insulin suppression of AMPK. Thus, our results show that SMS2 regulates DAG homeostasis and signaling in hepatocytes and also provide proof of principle for the concept that offset in bioactive lipids’ production at the plasma membrane can drive the senescence program in association with steatosis and, seemingly, by cell-autonomous mechanisms.
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16
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The role of Sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) in platelet activation and its clinical significance. Thromb J 2021; 19:27. [PMID: 33910580 PMCID: PMC8082820 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-021-00282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sphingomyelin (SM) is an essential component of biological lipid rafts, and it plays an indispensable role in maintaining plasma membrane stability and in mediating signal transduction. The ultimate biosynthesis of SM is catalyzed by two sphingomyelin synthases (SMSs) namely SMS1 and SMS2, which are selectively distributed in the trans-Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane. It has been demonstrated that SMS2 acts as an irreplaceable molecule in the regulation of transmembrane signaling, and loss of SMS2 has been reported to worsen atherosclerosis and liver steatosis. However, the function of SMS2 in platelet activation and its association with the pathological process of thrombosis in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and portal hypertension (PH) remain unclear. Methods In this study, we tested the role of SMS2 in platelet activation and thrombosis using SMS2 knockout (SMS2 –/–) mice and SMS2-specific inhibitor, D609. Furthermore, we detected SMS2 expression in patients with ACS and PH. Results SMS2 –/– platelets showed significant reduction in platelet aggregation, spreading, clot retraction and in vivo thrombosis. Similar inhibitory effects on platelet activation were detected in D609-treated wild-type platelets. PLCγ/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was inhibited in SMS2 –/– platelets and D609-treated wild-type platelets. In addition, we discovered that platelet SMS2 expression was remarkably increased in patients with ACS and PH, compared with healthy subjects. Conclusions Our study indicates that SMS2 acts as a positive regulator of platelet activation and thrombosis, and provides a theoretical basis for the potential use of D609 in anti-thrombosis treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12959-021-00282-x.
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17
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Huang J, Covic M, Huth C, Rommel M, Adam J, Zukunft S, Prehn C, Wang L, Nano J, Scheerer MF, Neschen S, Kastenmüller G, Gieger C, Laxy M, Schliess F, Adamski J, Suhre K, de Angelis MH, Peters A, Wang-Sattler R. Validation of Candidate Phospholipid Biomarkers of Chronic Kidney Disease in Hyperglycemic Individuals and Their Organ-Specific Exploration in Leptin Receptor-Deficient db/db Mouse. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020089. [PMID: 33546276 PMCID: PMC7913334 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological exploration of early biomarkers for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in (pre)diabetic individuals is crucial for personalized management of diabetes. Here, we evaluated two candidate biomarkers of incident CKD (sphingomyelin (SM) C18:1 and phosphatidylcholine diacyl (PC aa) C38:0) concerning kidney function in hyperglycemic participants of the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) cohort, and in two biofluids and six organs of leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice and wild type controls. Higher serum concentrations of SM C18:1 and PC aa C38:0 in hyperglycemic individuals were found to be associated with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and higher odds of CKD. In db/db mice, both metabolites had a significantly lower concentration in urine and adipose tissue, but higher in the lungs. Additionally, db/db mice had significantly higher SM C18:1 levels in plasma and liver, and PC aa C38:0 in adrenal glands. This cross-sectional human study confirms that SM C18:1 and PC aa C38:0 associate with kidney dysfunction in pre(diabetic) individuals, and the animal study suggests a potential implication of liver, lungs, adrenal glands, and visceral fat in their systemic regulation. Our results support further validation of the two phospholipids as early biomarkers of renal disease in patients with (pre)diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Huang
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.H.); (M.C.); (M.R.); (J.A.); (L.W.); (C.G.)
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (C.H.); (J.N.); (A.P.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Marcela Covic
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.H.); (M.C.); (M.R.); (J.A.); (L.W.); (C.G.)
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (C.H.); (J.N.); (A.P.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Cornelia Huth
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (C.H.); (J.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Martina Rommel
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.H.); (M.C.); (M.R.); (J.A.); (L.W.); (C.G.)
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (C.H.); (J.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Jonathan Adam
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.H.); (M.C.); (M.R.); (J.A.); (L.W.); (C.G.)
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (C.H.); (J.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Sven Zukunft
- Research Unit of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (S.Z.); (J.A.)
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Vascular Signaling, Goethe University, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Li Wang
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.H.); (M.C.); (M.R.); (J.A.); (L.W.); (C.G.)
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (C.H.); (J.N.); (A.P.)
- Liaocheng People’s Hospital—Department of Scientific Research, Shandong University Postdoctoral Work Station, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Jana Nano
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (C.H.); (J.N.); (A.P.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Markus F. Scheerer
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.F.S.); (S.N.)
- Bayer AG, Medical Affairs & Pharmacovigilance, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Neschen
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.F.S.); (S.N.)
- Sanofi Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, 65929 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.H.); (M.C.); (M.R.); (J.A.); (L.W.); (C.G.)
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (C.H.); (J.N.); (A.P.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Michael Laxy
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | | | - Jerzy Adamski
- Research Unit of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (S.Z.); (J.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85353 Freising, Germany
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar (WCMC-Q), Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar;
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany;
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.F.S.); (S.N.)
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85353 Freising, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (C.H.); (J.N.); (A.P.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Rui Wang-Sattler
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.H.); (M.C.); (M.R.); (J.A.); (L.W.); (C.G.)
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (C.H.); (J.N.); (A.P.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-3187-3978; Fax: + 49-89-3187-2428
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Li Z, Chiang YP, He M, Zhang K, Zheng J, Wu W, Cai J, Chen Y, Chen G, Chen Y, Dong J, Worgall TS, Jiang XC. Effect of liver total sphingomyelin synthase deficiency on plasma lipid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158898. [PMID: 33545384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) is one major phospholipids on lipoproteins. It is enriched on apolipoprotein B-containing particles, including very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and its catabolites, low-density lipoprotein (LDL). SM is synthesized by sphingomyelin synthase 1 and 2 (SMS1 and SMS2) which utilizes ceramide and phosphatidylcholine, as two substrates, to produce SM and diacylglyceride. SMS1 and SMS2 activities are co-expressed in all tested tissues, including the liver where VLDL is produced. Thus, neither Sms1 gene knockout (KO) nor Sms2 KO approach is sufficient to evaluate the effect of SMS on VLDL metabolism. We prepared liver-specific Sms1 KO/global Sms2 KO mice to evaluate the effect of hepatocyte SM biosynthesis in lipoprotein metabolism. We found that hepatocyte total SMS depletion significantly reduces cellular sphingomyelin levels. Also, we found that the deficiency induces cellular glycosphingolipid levels which is specifically related with SMS1 but not SMS2 deficiency. To our surprise, hepatocyte total SMS deficiency has marginal effect on hepatocyte ceramide, diacylglyceride, and phosphatidylcholine levels. Importantly, total SMS deficiency decreases plasma triglyceride but not apoB levels and reduces larger VLDL concentration. The reduction of triglyceride levels also was observed when the animals were on a high fat diet. Our results show that hepatocyte total SMS blocking can reduce VLDL-triglyceride production and plasma triglyceride levels. This phenomenon could be related with a reduction of atherogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Yeun-Po Chiang
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Mulin He
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Jiao Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Weihua Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Jiajia Cai
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Guangzhi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, United States of America
| | | | | | - Tilla S Worgall
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, United States of America
| | - Xian-Cheng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, United States of America; Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, United States of America.
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19
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Romano A, Friuli M, Del Coco L, Longo S, Vergara D, Del Boccio P, Valentinuzzi S, Cicalini I, Fanizzi FP, Gaetani S, Giudetti AM. Chronic Oleoylethanolamide Treatment Decreases Hepatic Triacylglycerol Level in Rat Liver by a PPARγ/SREBP-Mediated Suppression of Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Synthesis. Nutrients 2021; 13:394. [PMID: 33513874 PMCID: PMC7910994 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is a naturally occurring bioactive lipid belonging to the family of N-acylethanolamides. A variety of beneficial effects have been attributed to OEA, although the greater interest is due to its potential role in the treatment of obesity, fatty liver, and eating-related disorders. To better clarify the mechanism of the antiadipogenic effect of OEA in the liver, using a lipidomic study performed by 1H-NMR, LC-MS/MS and thin-layer chromatography analyses we evaluated the whole lipid composition of rat liver, following a two-week daily treatment of OEA (10 mg kg-1 i.p.). We found that OEA induced a significant reduction in hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) content and significant changes in sphingolipid composition and ceramidase activity. We associated the antiadipogenic effect of OEA to decreased activity and expression of key enzymes involved in fatty acid and TAG syntheses, such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1. Moreover, we found that both SREBP-1 and PPARγ protein expression were significantly reduced in the liver of OEA-treated rats. Our findings add significant and important insights into the molecular mechanism of OEA on hepatic adipogenesis, and suggest a possible link between the OEA-induced changes in sphingolipid metabolism and suppression of hepatic TAG level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Romano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (M.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Marzia Friuli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (M.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Laura Del Coco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.L.); (D.V.)
| | - Serena Longo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.L.); (D.V.)
| | - Daniele Vergara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.L.); (D.V.)
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.B.); (S.V.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Silvia Valentinuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.B.); (S.V.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Cicalini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco P. Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.L.); (D.V.)
| | - Silvana Gaetani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (M.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Anna M. Giudetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.L.); (D.V.)
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20
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Sphingomyelin synthase 2 loss suppresses steatosis but exacerbates fibrosis in the liver of mice fed with choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:1269-1275. [PMID: 33059919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) regulates sphingomyelin synthesis and contributes to obesity and hepatic steatosis. Here, we investigated the effect of SMS2 deficiency on liver fibrosis in mice fed with choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) or injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), respectively. SMS2 deficiency suppressed hepatic steatosis, but exacerbated fibrosis induced by CDAHFD feeding. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), which is a key lipid mediator induces fibrosis in various organs, was increased in the liver of mice fed with CDAHFD. The increase of S1P became prominent by SMS2 deficiency. Meanwhile, SMS2 deficiency had no impact on CCl4-induced liver injury, fibrosis and S1P levels. Our findings demonstrated that SMS2 deficiency suppresses steatosis but worsens fibrosis in the liver in a specific condition with CDAHFD feeding.
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21
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Shon JC, Kim WC, Ryu R, Wu Z, Seo JS, Choi MS, Liu KH. Plasma Lipidomics Reveals Insights into Anti-Obesity Effect of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat Leaves and Its Constituent Luteolin in High-Fat Diet-Induced Dyslipidemic Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102973. [PMID: 33003339 PMCID: PMC7650530 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat (CM) is widely used as a traditional medicine and herbal tea by the Asian population for its health benefits related to obesity. However, compared to the flowers of CM, detailed mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of its leaves on obesity and dyslipidemia have not yet been elucidated. Therefore, to investigate the lipidomic biomarkers responsible for the pharmacological effects of CM leaf extract (CLE) in plasma of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), the plasma of mice fed a normal diet (ND), HFD, HFD plus CLE 1.5% diet, and HFD plus luteolin 0.003% diet (LU) for 16 weeks were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combined with multivariate analysis. In our analysis, the ND, HFD, CLE, and LU groups were clearly differentiated by partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plots. The major metabolites contributing to this differentiation were cholesteryl esters (CEs), lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), phosphatidylcholines (PCs), ceramides (CERs), and sphingomyelins (SMs). The levels of plasma CEs, LPCs, PCs, SMs, and CERs were significantly increased in the HFD group compared to those in the ND group, and levels of these lipids recovered to normal after administration of CLE or LU. Furthermore, changes in hepatic mRNA expression levels involved in the Kennedy pathway and sphingolipid biosynthesis were also suppressed by treatment with CLE or LU. In conclusion, this study examined the beneficial effects of CLE and LU on obesity and dyslipidemia, which were demonstrated as reduced synthesis of lipotoxic intermediates. These results may provide valuable insights towards evaluating the therapeutic effects of CLE and LU and understanding obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Cheol Shon
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Korea; (J.C.S.); (J.-S.S.)
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (W.C.K.); (Z.W.)
| | - Won Cheol Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (W.C.K.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ri Ryu
- Research Institute of Eco-Friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea;
| | - Zhexue Wu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (W.C.K.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jong-Su Seo
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Korea; (J.C.S.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-S.C.); (K.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-53-950-6232 (M.-S.C.); +82-53-950-8567 (K.-H.L.); Fax: +82-53-950-8557 (M.-S.C. & K.-H.L.)
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (W.C.K.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.-S.C.); (K.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-53-950-6232 (M.-S.C.); +82-53-950-8567 (K.-H.L.); Fax: +82-53-950-8557 (M.-S.C. & K.-H.L.)
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22
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Taniguchi M, Okazaki T. Ceramide/Sphingomyelin Rheostat Regulated by Sphingomyelin Synthases and Chronic Diseases in Murine Models. J Lipid Atheroscler 2020; 9:380-405. [PMID: 33024732 PMCID: PMC7521967 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2020.9.3.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide and sphingomyelin (SM) are major components of the double membrane-bound sphingolipids. Ceramide is an essential bioactive lipid involved in numerous cell processes including apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy-dependent cell death. Inversely, SM regulates opposite cellular processes such as proliferation and migration by changing receptor-mediated signal transduction in the lipid microdomain. SM is generated through a transfer of phosphocholine from phosphatidylcholine to ceramide by SM synthases (SMSs). Research during the past several decades has revealed that the ceramide/SM balance in cellular membranes regulated by SMSs is important to decide the cell fate, survival, and proliferation. In addition, recent experimental studies utilizing SMS knockout mice and murine disease models provide evidence that SMS-regulated ceramide/SM balance is involved in human diseases. Here, we review the basic structural and functional characteristics of SMSs and focus on their cellular functions through the regulation of ceramide/SM balance in membrane microdomains. In addition, we present the pathological or physiological implications of SMSs by analyzing their role in SMS-knockout mice and human disease models. This review finally presents evidence indicating that the regulation of ceramide/SM balance through SMS could be a therapeutic target for human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Taniguchi
- Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Toshiro Okazaki
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Kanazawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan
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23
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Effects of Fish Oil and Grape Seed Extract Combination on Hepatic Endogenous Antioxidants and Bioactive Lipids in Diet-Induced Early Stages of Insulin Resistance in Rats. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18060318. [PMID: 32560216 PMCID: PMC7345288 DOI: 10.3390/md18060318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerols (DAG) and ceramides have been suggested as early predictors of insulin resistance. This study was aimed to examine the combined effects of fish oil (FO) and grape seed extract (GSE) on hepatic endogenous antioxidants, DAG and ceramides in diet-induced early stages of insulin resistance. Thirty-five rats were fed one of the following diets: (1) a standard diet (STD group), (2) a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFHS group), (3) an HFHS diet enriched with FO (FO group), (4) an HFHS diet enriched with GSE (GSE group) or (5) an HFHS diet enriched with FO and GSE (FO + GSE group). In the liver, endogenous antioxidants were measured using spectrophotometric and fluorometric techniques, and non-targeted lipidomics was conducted for the assessment of DAG and ceramides. After 24 weeks, the FO + GSE group showed increased glutathione peroxidase activity, as well as monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing DAG, and long-chain fatty acid-containing ceramides abundances compared to the STD group. The FO and GSE combination induced similar activation of the antioxidant system and bioactive lipid accumulation in the liver than the HFHS diet without supplementation. In addition, the FO and GSE combination increased the abundances of polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing DAG in the liver.
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24
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Park WJ, Song JH, Kim GT, Park TS. Ceramide and Sphingosine 1-Phosphate in Liver Diseases. Mol Cells 2020; 43:419-430. [PMID: 32392908 PMCID: PMC7264474 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is an important organ in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. It is responsible for systemic energy homeostasis. When energy need exceeds the storage capacity in the liver, fatty acids are shunted into nonoxidative sphingolipid biosynthesis, which increases the level of cellular ceramides. Accumulation of ceramides alters substrate utilization from glucose to lipids, activates triglyceride storage, and results in the development of both insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis, increasing the likelihood of major metabolic diseases. Another sphingolipid metabolite, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive signaling molecule that acts via S1P-specific G protein coupled receptors. It regulates many cellular and physiological events. Since an increase in plasma S1P is associated with obesity, it seems reasonable that recent studies have provided evidence that S1P is linked to lipid pathophysiology, including hepatosteatosis and fibrosis. Herein, we review recent findings on ceramides and S1P in obesity-mediated liver diseases and the therapeutic potential of these sphingolipid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jae Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 2999, Korea
| | - Jae-Hwi Song
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 1310, Korea
| | - Goon-Tae Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 1310, Korea
| | - Tae-Sik Park
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 1310, Korea
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25
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Herrera-Marcos LV, Sancho-Knapik S, Gabás-Rivera C, Barranquero C, Gascón S, Romanos E, Martínez-Beamonte R, Navarro MA, Surra JC, Arnal C, García-de-Jalón JA, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ, Tena-Sempere M, Sánchez-Ramos C, Monsalve M, Osada J. Pgc1a is responsible for the sex differences in hepatic Cidec/Fsp27β mRNA expression in hepatic steatosis of mice fed a Western diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E249-E261. [PMID: 31846369 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00199.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fat-specific protein 27 [cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation effector protein C (Cidec)/Fsp27] mRNA levels have been associated with hepatic lipid droplet extent under certain circumstances. To address its hepatic expression under different dietary conditions and in both sexes, apolipoprotein E (Apoe)-deficient mice were subjected to different experimental conditions for 11 wk to test the influence of cholesterol, Western diet, squalene, oleanolic acid, sex, and surgical castration on Cidec/Fsp27 mRNA expression. Dietary cholesterol increased hepatic Cidec/Fsp27β expression, an effect that was suppressed when cholesterol was combined with saturated fat as represented by Western diet feeding. Using the latter diet, neither oleanolic acid nor squalene modified its expression. Females showed lower levels of hepatic Cidec/Fsp27β expression than males when they were fed Western diets, a result that was translated into a lesser amount of CIDEC/FSP27 protein in lipid droplets and microsomes. This was also confirmed in low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr)-deficient mice. Incubation with estradiol resulted in decreased Cidec/Fsp27β expression in AML12 cells. Whereas male surgical castration did not modify the expression, ovariectomized females did show increased levels compared with control females. Females also showed increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α (Pgc1a), suppressed by ovariectomy, and the values were significantly and inversely associated with those of Cidec/Fsp27β. When Pgc1a-deficient mice were used, the sex differences in Cidec/Fsp27β expression disappeared. Therefore, hepatic Cidec/Fsp27β expression has a complex regulation influenced by diet and sex hormonal milieu. The mRNA sex differences are controlled by Pgc1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis V Herrera-Marcos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sara Sancho-Knapik
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Clara Gabás-Rivera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Barranquero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Gascón
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Romanos
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Roberto Martínez-Beamonte
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Navarro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín C Surra
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Arnal
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A García-de-Jalón
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María J Rodríguez-Yoldi
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba e Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas "Alberto Sols," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Monsalve
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas "Alberto Sols," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Osada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Taniguchi M, Ueda Y, Matsushita M, Nagaya S, Hashizume C, Arai K, Kabayama K, Fukase K, Watanabe K, Wardhani LO, Hayashi K, Okazaki T. Deficiency of sphingomyelin synthase 2 prolongs survival by the inhibition of lymphoma infiltration through ICAM-1 reduction. FASEB J 2020; 34:3838-3854. [PMID: 31970839 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901783rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) formation involving host cells and cancer cells through cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) is essential for the multiple steps of cancer metastasis and growth. Sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) is involved in inflammatory diseases such as obesity and diabetes mellitus by regulation of the SM/ceramide balance. However, the involvement of SMS2 in TME formation and metastasis is largely unknown. Here, we report that SMS2-deficient (SMS2-KO) mice show suppressed the EL4 cell infiltration to liver and prolonged survival time. ICAM-1 was identified as a candidate for the inhibition of TME formation in immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (tMEFs) from mRNA array analysis for CAMs. Reduced SM/ceramide balance in SMS2-KO tMEFs suppressed the attachment of EL4 cells through transcriptional reduction of ICAM-1 by the inhibition of NF-κB activation. TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation and subsequent induction of ICAM-1 were suppressed in SMS2-KO tMEFs but restored by SMS2 re-introduction. In the EL4 cell infiltration mouse model, EL4 injection increased ICAM-1 expression in WT liver but not in SMS2-KO mouse liver. Therefore, inhibition of SMS2 may be a therapeutic target to suppress the infiltration of malignant lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Taniguchi
- Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Yoshibumi Ueda
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan.,Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Matsushita
- Department of Pathobiological Science and Technology, School of Health Science, University of Tottori, Tottori, Japan
| | - Shingo Nagaya
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Chieko Hashizume
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Kenta Arai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Project Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Project Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Watanabe
- Department of Bone and Joint Disease, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Lusi Oka Wardhani
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hayashi
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Toshiro Okazaki
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan.,Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan
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27
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Potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis in sphingolipid metabolism. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:763-776. [PMID: 30890654 PMCID: PMC6422862 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids, such as sphingomyelins, ceramides, glycosphingolipids, and sphingosine-1-phosphates (S1P) are a large group of structurally and functionally diverse molecules. Some specific species are found associated with atherogenesis and provide novel therapeutic targets. Herein, we briefly review how sphingolipids are implicated in the progression of atherosclerosis and related diseases, and then we discuss the potential therapy options by targetting several key enzymes in sphingolipid metabolism.
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28
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Sphingomyelin synthase 2 promotes an aggressive breast cancer phenotype by disrupting the homoeostasis of ceramide and sphingomyelin. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:157. [PMID: 30770781 PMCID: PMC6377618 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of carcinoma in women worldwide, but the mechanisms underlying tumour development and progression remain unclear. Sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SGMS2) is a crucial regulator involved in ceramide (Cer) and sphingomyelin (SM) homoeostasis that is mostly studied for its role in lipid metabolism. Our primary study indicated that high SGMS2 expression is associated with breast cancer metastasis. Gain- and loss-of-function assays in vitro and in vivo revealed that SGMS2 promotes cancer cell proliferation by suppressing apoptosis through a Cer-associated pathway and promotes cancer cell invasiveness by enhancing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) initiation through the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway. Further study determined that SGMS2 activated the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway primarily by increasing TGF-β1 secretion, which was likely associated with aberrant expression of SM. Thus, our findings indicate that SGMS2-mediated activation of the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway is important in breast cancer progression, which provides new insight into the mechanisms underlying breast cancer metastasis and suggests a possible anticancer therapy for breast cancer.
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29
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Lou B, Liu Q, Hou J, Kabir I, Liu P, Ding T, Dong J, Mo M, Ye D, Chen Y, Bui HH, Roth K, Cao Y, Jiang XC. 2-Hydroxy-oleic acid does not activate sphingomyelin synthase activity. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:18328-18336. [PMID: 30305392 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Hydroxy-oleic acid (2OHOA) is a potent anticancer drug that induces cancer cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Previous studies have suggested that 2OHOA's anticancer effect is mediated by SMS activation in cancer cells, including A549 and U118 cells. To confirm this phenomenon, in this study, we treated both A549 and U118 cells with 2OHOA and measured SMS activity. To our surprise, we found neither 2OHOA-mediated SMS activation nor sphingomyelin accumulation in the cells. However, we noted that 2OHOA significantly reduces phosphatidylcholine in these cells. We also did not observe 2OHOA-mediated SMS activation in mouse tissue homogenates. Importantly, 2OHOA inhibited rather than activated recombinant SMS1 (rSMS1) and rSMS2 in a dose-dependent fashion. Intra-gastric treatment of C57BL/6J mice with 2OHOA for 10 days had no effects on liver and small intestine SMS activities and plasma sphingomyelin levels. The treatment inhibited lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) activity, consistent with the aforementioned reduction in plasma phosphatidylcholine. Because total cellular phosphatidylcholine is used as a predictive biomarker for monitoring tumor responses, the previously reported 2OHOA-mediated cancer suppression could be related to this phosphatidylcholine reduction, which may influence cell membrane structure and properties. We conclude that 2OHOA is not a SMS activator and that its anticancer property may be related to an effect on phosphatidylcholine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lou
- From the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China,.
| | - Qi Liu
- From the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiahui Hou
- From the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Inamul Kabir
- the Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203
| | - Peipei Liu
- From the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tingbo Ding
- From the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jibin Dong
- From the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingguang Mo
- From the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Deyong Ye
- From the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yang Chen
- the Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Hai H Bui
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, and
| | - Kenneth Roth
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, and
| | - Yu Cao
- the Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China,.
| | - Xian-Cheng Jiang
- From the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China,; the Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203,; the Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Program, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York 11209
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Li T, Yan F, Meng X, Wang J, Ting Kam RK, Zeng X, Liu Z, Zhou H, Yang F, Ren R, Liao K, Liu L. Improvement of glucocorticoid-impaired thymus function by dihydromyricetin via up-regulation of PPARγ-associated fatty acid metabolism. Pharmacol Res 2018; 137:76-88. [PMID: 30227260 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes produced by the thymus are essential mediators of immunity. Accelerated thymic atrophy appears in the patients with administration of glucocorticoids (GCs) which are commonly-used drugs to treat autoimmune and infectious diseases, leading to dysregulation of immunity with manifestation of progressive diminution of new T cell production. However, there is no ideal method to overcome such side effects of GCs. In the current study, we proposed a composition of dexamethasone (DEX) and dihydromyricetin (DMY) derived from a medicinal plant, which could protect from DEX-induced thymus damage and simultaneously enhance the anti-inflammatory effect of DEX. In the current study, we found that DEX-damaged thymic cellularity and architecture, reduced thymocyte numbers, induced thymocyte apoptosis and dropped CD4+ and CD8+ double positive T cell numbers in thymus which was effectively improved by co-treatment with DMY. Quantification of signal joint TCR delta excision circles (TRECs) and Vβ TCR spectratyping analysis were employed to determine the thymus function with indicated treatments. The results showed that DEX-impaired thymus output and decreased TCR cell diversity which was ameliorated by co-treatment with DMY. iTRAQ 2D LC-MS/MS was applied to analyze the proteomic profiling of thymus of mice treated with or without indicated agents, followed by informatics analysis to identify the correlated signaling pathway. After validated by Western blotting and Real-time PCR, we found that PPARγ-associated fatty acid metabolism was increased in the thymic tissues of the animals treated with DMY plus DEX than the animals treated with DEX alone. The agonist and antagonist of PPARγ were further employed to verify the role of PPARγ in the present study. Furthermore, DMY demonstrated a synergistic effect with co-administration of DEX on suppressing inflammation in vivo. Collectively, DMY relieved thymus function damaged by DEX via regulation of PPARγ-associated fatty acid metabolism. Our findings may provide a new strategy on protection of thymus from damage caused by GCs by using appropriate adjuvant natural agents through up-regulation of PPARγ-associated fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Fenggen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xiongyu Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jingrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Richard Kin Ting Kam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Department of Chemical Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xing Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Fen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Rutong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Kangsheng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
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Mo M, Yang J, Jiang XC, Cao Y, Fei J, Chen Y, Qi X, Chu Y, Zhou L, Ye D. Discovery of 4-Benzyloxybenzo[ d]isoxazole-3-amine Derivatives as Highly Selective and Orally Efficacious Human Sphingomyelin Synthase 2 Inhibitors that Reduce Chronic Inflammation in db/ db Mice. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8241-8254. [PMID: 30074791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) is a promising therapeutic target for several chronic inflammation-associated diseases, including atherosclerosis, fatty liver, and insulin resistance. Herein, we report the identification of 4-benzyloxybenzo[ d]isoxazole-3-amine derivatives as potent and highly selective SMS2 inhibitors through a conformational restriction strategy. After systematic structural modifications, several compounds with high selectivity and good potency in vitro were selected for further evaluation. Compound 15w demonstrated good pharmacokinetics (oral bioavailability, F = 56%) in vivo and has an inhibitory potency against sphingomyelin synthase activity when Institute of Cancer Research mice are provided with an oral dose of this compound. In addition, compound 15w attenuated chronic inflammation significantly in db/ db mice after oral dosing for 6 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingguang Mo
- School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Jintong Yang
- School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | | | - Yu Cao
- Institute of Precision Medicine , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200125 , China
| | - Jinyu Fei
- School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Yang Chen
- Institute of Precision Medicine , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200125 , China
| | - Xiangyu Qi
- School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Yong Chu
- School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Lu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Deyong Ye
- School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
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32
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Zhong L, Kong JN, Dinkins MB, Leanhart S, Zhu Z, Spassieva SD, Qin H, Lin HP, Elsherbini A, Wang R, Jiang X, Nikolova-Karakashian M, Wang G, Bieberich E. Increased liver tumor formation in neutral sphingomyelinase-2-deficient mice. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:795-804. [PMID: 29567647 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m080879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are key signaling lipids in cancer. Genome-wide studies have identified neutral SMase-2 (nSMase2), an enzyme generating ceramide from SM, as a potential repressor for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, little is known about the sphingolipids regulated by nSMase2 and their roles in liver tumor development. We discovered growth of spontaneous liver tumors in 27.3% (9 of 33) of aged male nSMase2-deficient (fro/fro) mice. Lipidomics analysis showed a marked increase of SM in the tumor. Unexpectedly, tumor tissues presented with more than a 7-fold increase of C16-ceramide, concurrent with upregulation of ceramide synthase 5. The fro/fro liver tumor, but not adjacent tissue, exhibited substantial accumulation of lipid droplets, suggesting that nSMase2 deficiency is associated with tumor growth and increased neutral lipid generation in the tumor. Tumor tissue expressed significantly increased levels of CD133 and EpCAM mRNA, two markers of liver cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and higher levels of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, an essential regulator of stemness. CD133(+) cells showed strong labeling for SM and ceramide. In conclusion, these results suggest that SMase-2 deficiency plays a role in the survival or proliferation of CSCs, leading to spontaneous tumors, which is associated with tumor-specific effects on lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liansheng Zhong
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY.,Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Na Kong
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Michael B Dinkins
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Silvia Leanhart
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Stefka D Spassieva
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Hsuan-Pei Lin
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Ahmed Elsherbini
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Xue Jiang
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY.,Rehabilitation Center, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Guanghu Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Erhard Bieberich
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY .,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
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Key CCC, Liu M, Kurtz CL, Chung S, Boudyguina E, Dinh TA, Bashore A, Phelan PE, Freedman BI, Osborne TF, Zhu X, Ma L, Sethupathy P, Biddinger SB, Parks JS. Hepatocyte ABCA1 Deletion Impairs Liver Insulin Signaling and Lipogenesis. Cell Rep 2018; 19:2116-2129. [PMID: 28591582 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane (PM) free cholesterol (FC) is emerging as an important modulator of signal transduction. Here, we show that hepatocyte-specific knockout (HSKO) of the cellular FC exporter, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), leads to decreased PM FC content and defective trafficking of lysosomal FC to the PM. Compared with controls, chow-fed HSKO mice had reduced hepatic (1) insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation, (2) activation of the lipogenic transcription factor Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein (SREBP)-1c, and (3) lipogenic gene expression. Consequently, Western-type diet-fed HSKO mice were protected from steatosis. Surprisingly, HSKO mice had intact glucose metabolism; they showed normal gluconeogenic gene suppression in response to re-feeding and normal glucose and insulin tolerance. We conclude that: (1) ABCA1 maintains optimal hepatocyte PM FC, through intracellular FC trafficking, for efficient insulin signaling; and (2) hepatocyte ABCA1 deletion produces a form of selective insulin resistance so that lipogenesis is suppressed but glucose metabolism remains normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi C Key
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Mingxia Liu
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - C Lisa Kurtz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Elena Boudyguina
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Timothy A Dinh
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alexander Bashore
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Peter E Phelan
- Integrative Metabolism Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Section on Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Timothy F Osborne
- Integrative Metabolism Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Lijun Ma
- Section on Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sudha B Biddinger
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02062, USA
| | - John S Parks
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Chung RWS, Wang Z, Bursill CA, Wu BJ, Barter PJ, Rye KA. Effect of long-term dietary sphingomyelin supplementation on atherosclerosis in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189523. [PMID: 29240800 PMCID: PMC5730175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) levels in the circulation correlate positively with atherosclerosis burden. SM is a ubiquitous component of human diets, but it is unclear if dietary SM increases circulating SM levels. Dietary choline increases atherosclerosis by raising circulating trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels in mice and humans. As SM has a choline head group, we ask in this study if dietary SM accelerates atherosclerotic lesion development by increasing circulating SM and TMAO levels. Three studies were performed: (Study 1) C57BL/6 mice were maintained on a high fat diet with or without SM supplementation for 4 weeks prior to quantification of serum TMAO and SM levels; (Study 2) atherosclerosis was studied in apoE-/- mice after 16 weeks of a high fat diet without or with SM supplementation and (Study 3) apoE-/- mice were maintained on a chow diet for 19 weeks without or with SM supplementation and antibiotic treatment prior to quantification of atherosclerotic lesions and serum TMAO and SM levels. SM consumption did not increase circulating SM levels or atherosclerosis in high fat-fed apoE-/- mice. Serum TMAO levels in C57BL/6 mice were low and had no effect atherosclerosis lesion development. Dietary SM supplementation significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion area in the aortic arch of chow-fed apoE-/- mice. This study establishes that dietary SM does not affect circulating SM levels or increase atherosclerosis in high fat-fed apoE-/- mice, but it is anti-atherogenic in chow-fed apoE-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States of America
| | | | - Ben J. Wu
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Philip J. Barter
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Norris GH, Blesso CN. Dietary sphingolipids: potential for management of dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:274-285. [PMID: 28383715 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of therapeutic approaches aimed at reducing inflammation, improving lipid metabolism, and preventing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease holds significant potential in the management of obesity-associated disease. In this review, the recent basic science and clinical research examining dietary sphingolipid intake and the prevention of dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is summarized. Dietary sphingolipids have been shown to dose-dependently reduce the acute intestinal absorption of cholesterol, triglycerides, and fatty acids in rodents. Overall, studies feeding dietary sphingolipids to rodents typically show reductions in serum lipids. Furthermore, these hypolipidemic effects are also observed in most human studies, although the magnitude of such effects is typically smaller. Dietary sphingolipids also appear useful in preventing hepatic lipid uptake and accumulation and have shown benefits in preventing hepatic steatosis in rodent models. Dietary sphingolipids may affect the gut-liver axis by preventing the translocation of gut bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide and/or inhibiting its proinflammatory effects. Current evidence from preclinical studies indicates that dietary sphingolipids have lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory properties, although their potential to prevent human chronic disease has not been fully explored. It will be important to determine if such effects seen in cell and animal models translate to humans. More research is warranted to define how dietary sphingolipids influence lipid metabolism and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory H Norris
- G.H. Norris and C.N. Blesso are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher N Blesso
- G.H. Norris and C.N. Blesso are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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Chen Y, Cao Y. The sphingomyelin synthase family: proteins, diseases, and inhibitors. Biol Chem 2017; 398:1319-1325. [PMID: 28742512 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) is among the most important biomolecules in eukaryotes and acts as both constructive components and signal carrier in physiological processes. SM is catalyzed by a membrane protein family, sphingomyelin synthases (SMSs), consisting of three members, SMS1, SMS2 and SMSr. SMSs modulate sphingomyelin and other sphingolipids levels, thereby regulating membrane mobility, ceramide-dependent apoptosis and DAG-dependent signaling pathways. SMSs was found associated with various diseases. Downregulation of SMS2 activity results in protective effects against obesity, atherosclerosis and diabetes and makes SMS2 inhibitors potential medicines. Structural guided specific drug design could be the next breakthrough, discriminating SMS2 from other homologs.
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Valtolina C, Vaandrager AB, Favier RP, Tuohetahuntila M, Kummeling A, Jeusette I, Rothuizen J, Robben JH. Sex specific differences in hepatic and plasma lipid profiles in healthy cats pre and post spaying and neutering: relationship with feline hepatic lipidosis. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:231. [PMID: 28789691 PMCID: PMC5549355 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A link between lipid metabolism and disease has been recognized in cats. Since hepatic lipidosis is a frequent disorder in cats, the aim of the current study was to evaluate liver and plasma lipid dimorphism in healthy cats and the effects of gonadectomy on lipid profiling. From six female and six male cats plasma and liver lipid profiles before and after spaying/neutering were assessed and compared to five cats (three neutered male and two spayed female) diagnosed with hepatic lipidosis. RESULTS Intact female cats had a significantly lower level of plasma triacylglycerides (TAG) and a higher liver level of the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA) compared to their neutered state. Both male and female cats with lipidosis had a higher liver, but not plasma TAG level and an increased level of plasma and liver sphingomyelin compared to the healthy cats. CONCLUSION Although lipid dimorphism in healthy cats resembles that of other species, intact female cats show differences in metabolic configuration that could predispose them to develop hepatic lipidosis. The increased sphingomyelin levels in cats with lipidosis could suggest a potential role in the pathogenesis of hepatic lipidosis in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Valtolina
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Arie B Vaandrager
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert P Favier
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maidina Tuohetahuntila
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Kummeling
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Jeusette
- Research and Development, Affinity Petcare, Pl. Xavier Cugat, 2 Edificio D, 3ª, Planta, 08174 St. Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joris H Robben
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Qi XY, Cao Y, Li YL, Mo MG, Zhou L, Ye DY. Discovery of the selective sphingomyelin synthase 2 inhibitors with the novel structure of oxazolopyridine. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3511-3515. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shi Y, Yang F, Wei S, Xu G. Identification of Key Genes Affecting Results of Hyperthermia in Osteosarcoma Based on Integrative ChIP-Seq/TargetScan Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:2042-2048. [PMID: 28453502 PMCID: PMC5419091 DOI: 10.12659/msm.901191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to research the effects of hyperthermia on osteosarcoma (OS) by integrating the Chromatin Immunoprecipitation with the generation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and TargetScan analysis of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1). Material/Methods The HSF1 ChIP-seq dataset of GSE60984 was downloaded from the Gene Expressed Omnibus (GEO) database. The HSF1-binding sites were screened by MACS2 in OS cells after 10 and 20 min of hyperthermia, and they were annotated using the ChIPseeker package. The overlapped genes were selected out when HSF1-binding sites were located in the promoter region. The Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) was used to perform Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of the overlaps. The miRNA-gene pairs of the overlaps were screened out via TargetScan, and the miRNA-gene-regulated network was constructed by Cytoscape software. Results 1880 and 1283 genes of promoter regions were obtained in the osteosarcoma cells after 10 and 20 min of hyperthermia, respectively, and 889 of them were overlapped. The overlapped genes were enriched in 122 GO terms and 3 KEGG pathways. There were 13 657 pairs involved in the miRNA-gene regulated network of the overlaps. Conclusions Some biomarkers were identified for OS treated with hyperthermia. Moreover, some GO terms (regulation of programmed cell death and regulation of cell death) and pathways (p53 signaling pathway, methane metabolism, and viral myocarditis) might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Shi
- Department of Bone and Soft-Tissue Tumor, Shanxi Tumor Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Bone and Soft-Tissue Tumor, Shanxi Tumor Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Shuqing Wei
- Department of Geriatric, Shanxi Tumor Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Bone and Soft-Tissue Tumor, Shanxi Tumor Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
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40
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Sakamoto H, Yoshida T, Sanaki T, Shigaki S, Morita H, Oyama M, Mitsui M, Tanaka Y, Nakano T, Mitsutake S, Igarashi Y, Takemoto H. Possible roles of long-chain sphingomyelines and sphingomyelin synthase 2 in mouse macrophage inflammatory response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:202-207. [PMID: 27836537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the precise role of sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) in sphingomyelin (SM) metabolism and their anti-inflammatory properties, we analyzed species of major SM and ceramide (Cer) (18:1, 18:0 sphingoid backbone, C14 - C26 N-acyl part) in SMS2 knockout and wild-type mouse plasma and liver using HPLC-MS. SMS2 deficiency significantly decreased very long chain SM (SM (d18:1/22:0) and SM (d18:1/24:0 or d18:0/24:1)) and increased very long chain Cer (Cer (d18:1/24:0 or d18:0/24:1) and Cer (d18:1/24:1)), but not long chain SM (SM (d18:1/16:0), SM (d18:1/18:0 or d18:0/18:1) and SM (d18:1/18:1)) in plasma. To examine the effects of SM on inflammation, we studied the role of very long chain SM in macrophage activation. Addition of SM (d18:1/24:0) strongly upregulated several macrophage activation markers, SM (d18:1/6:0) and Cer (d18:1/24:0) however, did not. It was suggested that very long chain SM but not long chain SM were decreased in SMS2-deficient mice liver and plasma. And the exogenously added very long chain SM (d18:1/24:0) could activate macrophages directly, suggesting a novel role of plasma very long chain SM in modulating macrophage activation and resulting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Sakamoto
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Yoshida
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takao Sanaki
- Research Laboratory for Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Shigaki
- Research Laboratory for Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Morita
- Research Laboratory for Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Miki Oyama
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mitsui
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Tanaka
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toru Nakano
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Japan
| | - Susumu Mitsutake
- Laboratory of Biomembrane and Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science and Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Igarashi
- Laboratory of Biomembrane and Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science and Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takemoto
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Japan
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41
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Wittmann A, Grimm MOW, Scherthan H, Horsch M, Beckers J, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, Hrabě de Angelis M, Ford SJ, Burton NC, Razansky D, Trümbach D, Aichler M, Walch AK, Calzada-Wack J, Neff F, Wurst W, Hartmann T, Floss T. Sphingomyelin Synthase 1 Is Essential for Male Fertility in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164298. [PMID: 27788151 PMCID: PMC5082796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids and the derived gangliosides have critical functions in spermatogenesis, thus mutations in genes involved in sphingolipid biogenesis are often associated with male infertility. We have generated a transgenic mouse line carrying an insertion in the sphingomyelin synthase gene Sms1, the enzyme which generates sphingomyelin species in the Golgi apparatus. We describe the spermatogenesis defect of Sms1-/- mice, which is characterized by sloughing of spermatocytes and spermatids, causing progressive infertility of male homozygotes. Lipid profiling revealed a reduction in several long chain unsaturated phosphatidylcholins, lysophosphatidylcholins and sphingolipids in the testes of mutants. Multi-Spectral Optoacoustic Tomography indicated blood-testis barrier dysfunction. A supplementary diet of the essential omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid diminished germ cell sloughing from the seminiferous epithelium and restored spermatogenesis and fertility in 50% of previously infertile mutants. Our findings indicate that SMS1 has a wider than anticipated role in testis polyunsaturated fatty acid homeostasis and for male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Wittmann
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcus O. W. Grimm
- Saarland University, Experimentelle Neurologie, 66424 Homburg/Saar; Germany
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Univ. Ulm, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Horsch
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Co Helmholtz-Zentrum München
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Co Helmholtz-Zentrum München
| | - Steven J. Ford
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München and Technische Universität München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Neal C. Burton
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München and Technische Universität München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München and Technische Universität München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dietrich Trümbach
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Aichler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Axel Karl Walch
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia Calzada-Wack
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frauke Neff
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Co Helmholtz-Zentrum München
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e.V. (DZNE), Site Munich, Schillerstrasse 44, 80336 München, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2–10, 80804 München, Germany
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Saarland University, Experimentelle Neurologie, 66424 Homburg/Saar; Germany
| | - Thomas Floss
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Co Helmholtz-Zentrum München
- * E-mail:
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42
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Characterization of the role of sphingomyelin synthase 2 in glucose metabolism in whole-body and peripheral tissues in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:688-702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Ilan Y. Compounds of the sphingomyelin-ceramide-glycosphingolipid pathways as secondary messenger molecules: new targets for novel therapies for fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G1102-17. [PMID: 27173510 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00095.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The compounds of sphingomyelin-ceramide-glycosphingolipid pathways have been studied as potential secondary messenger molecules in various systems, along with liver function and insulin resistance. Secondary messenger molecules act directly or indirectly to affect cell organelles and intercellular interactions. Their potential role in the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis and diabetes has been suggested. Data samples collected from patients with Gaucher's disease, who had high levels of glucocerebroside, support a role for compounds from these pathways as a messenger molecules in the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease and diabetes. The present review summarizes some of the recent data on the role of glycosphingolipid molecules as messenger molecules in various physiological and pathological conditions, more specifically including insulin resistance and fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Ilan
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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44
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Adada M, Luberto C, Canals D. Inhibitors of the sphingomyelin cycle: Sphingomyelin synthases and sphingomyelinases. Chem Phys Lipids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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45
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Sugimoto M, Wakabayashi M, Shimizu Y, Yoshioka T, Higashino K, Numata Y, Okuda T, Zhao S, Sakai S, Igarashi Y, Kuge Y. Imaging Mass Spectrometry Reveals Acyl-Chain- and Region-Specific Sphingolipid Metabolism in the Kidneys of Sphingomyelin Synthase 2-Deficient Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152191. [PMID: 27010944 PMCID: PMC4806983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity was reported to cause kidney injury by excessive accumulation of sphingolipids such as sphingomyelin and ceramide. Sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) is an important enzyme for hepatic sphingolipid homeostasis and its dysfunction is considered to result in fatty liver disease. The expression of SMS2 is also high in the kidneys. However, the contribution of SMS2 on renal sphingolipid metabolism remains unclear. Imaging mass spectrometry is a powerful tool to visualize the distribution and provide quantitative data on lipids in tissue sections. Thus, in this study, we analyzed the effects of SMS2 deficiency on the distribution and concentration of sphingomyelins in the liver and kidneys of mice fed with a normal-diet or a high-fat-diet using imaging mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Our study revealed that high-fat-diet increased C18–C22 sphingomyelins, but decreased C24-sphingomyelins, in the liver and kidneys of wild-type mice. By contrast, SMS2 deficiency decreased C18–C24 sphingomyelins in the liver. Although a similar trend was observed in the whole-kidneys, the effects were minor. Interestingly, imaging mass spectrometry revealed that sphingomyelin localization was specific to each acyl-chain length in the kidneys. Further, SMS2 deficiency mainly decreased C22-sphingomyelin in the renal medulla and C24-sphingomyelins in the renal cortex. Thus, imaging mass spectrometry can provide visual assessment of the contribution of SMS2 on acyl-chain- and region-specific sphingomyelin metabolism in the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Sugimoto
- Department of Integrated Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery, Discovery Research Laboratory for Innovative Frontier Medicines, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masato Wakabayashi
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery, Discovery Research Laboratory for Innovative Frontier Medicines, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Shimizu
- Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshioka
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery, Discovery Research Laboratory for Innovative Frontier Medicines, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Higashino
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery, Discovery Research Laboratory for Innovative Frontier Medicines, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshito Numata
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery, Discovery Research Laboratory for Innovative Frontier Medicines, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Okuda
- Drug Discovery Technologies, Discovery Research Laboratory for Core Therapeutic Areas, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Songji Zhao
- Department of Tracer Kinetics & Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shota Sakai
- Department of Biomembrane and Biofunctional Chemistry, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Igarashi
- Department of Biomembrane and Biofunctional Chemistry, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuji Kuge
- Department of Integrated Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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46
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Sugimoto M, Shimizu Y, Yoshioka T, Wakabayashi M, Tanaka Y, Higashino K, Numata Y, Sakai S, Kihara A, Igarashi Y, Kuge Y. Histological analyses by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-imaging mass spectrometry reveal differential localization of sphingomyelin molecular species regulated by particular ceramide synthase in mouse brains. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1554-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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47
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Hepatic fatty acid uptake is regulated by the sphingolipid acyl chain length. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1841:1754-66. [PMID: 25241943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide synthase 2 (CerS2) null mice cannot synthesize very-long acyl chain (C22-C24) ceramides resulting in significant alterations in the acyl chain composition of sphingolipids. We now demonstrate that hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) levels are reduced in the liver but not in the adipose tissue or skeletal muscle of the CerS2 null mouse, both before and after feeding with a high fat diet (HFD), where no weight gain was observed and large hepatic nodules appeared. Uptake of both BODIPY-palmitate and [VH]-palmitate was also abrogated in the hepa- tocytes and liver. The role of a number of key proteins involved in fatty acid uptake was examined, including FATP5, CD36/FAT, FABPpm and cytoplasmic FABP1. Levels of FATP5 and FABP1 were decreased in the CerS2 null mouse liver, whereas CD36/FAT levels were significantly elevated and CD36/FAT was also mislocalized upon insulin treatment. Moreover, treatment of hepatocytes with C22-C24-ceramides down-regulated CD36/FAT levels. Infection of CerS2 null mice with recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-CerS2 restored normal TG levels and corrected the mislocalization of CD36/FAT, but had no effect on the intracellular localization or levels of FATP5 or FABP1. Together, these results demonstrate that hepatic fatty acid uptake via CD36/FAT can be regulated by altering the acyl chain composition of sphingolipids.
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48
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Zhang LW, Koci J, Jeffery B, Riviere JE, Monteiro-Riviere NA. Safety assessment of potential food ingredients in canine hepatocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 78:105-15. [PMID: 25660481 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to develop in vitro methods to assess hazard of canine food ingredients. Canine hepatocytes were harvested and cell viability of clove-leaf oil (CLO), eugenol (EUG), lemongrass oil (LGO), guanosine monophosphate (GMP), inosine monophosphate (IMP), sorbose, ginger-root extract (GRE), cinnamon-bark oil (CBO), cinnamaldehyde (CINA), thymol oil (TO), thymol (THYM), and citric acid were assessed with positive controls: acetaminophen (APAP), aflatoxin B1 and xylitol. Molecular Toxicology PathwayFinder array (MTPF) analyzed toxicity mechanisms for LGO. LC50 for APAP was similar among human (3.45), rat (2.35), dog (4.26 mg/ml). Aflatoxin B1 had an LC50 of 4.43 (human), 5.78 (rat) and 6.05 (dog) µg/ml; xylitol did not decrease viability. LC50 of CLO (0.185 ± 0.075(SD)), EUG (0.165 ± 0.112), LGO (0.220 ± 0.012), GRE (1.54 ± 0.31) mg/ml; GMP (166.03 ± 41.83), GMP + IMP (208.67 ± 15.27) mM; CBO (0.08 ± 0.03), CINA (0.11 ± 0.01), TO (0.21 ± 0.03), THYM (0.05 ± 0.01), citric acid (1.58 ± 0.08) mg/ml, while sorbose was non-toxic. LGO induced upregulation of 16 and down-regulation of 24 genes, which CYP and heat shock most affected. These results suggest that in vitro assays such as this may be useful for hazard assessment of food ingredients for altered hepatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leshuai W Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Juraj Koci
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Brett Jeffery
- Mars Global Food Safety Center, Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou, Beijing, P.R. China 101407
| | - Jim E Riviere
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Nancy A Monteiro-Riviere
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS.
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49
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Hebel T, Eisinger K, Neumeier M, Rein-Fischboeck L, Pohl R, Meier EM, Boettcher A, Froehner SC, Adams ME, Liebisch G, Krautbauer S, Buechler C. Lipid abnormalities in alpha/beta2-syntrophin null mice are independent from ABCA1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:527-36. [PMID: 25625330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The syntrophins alpha (SNTA) and beta 2 (SNTB2) are molecular adaptor proteins shown to stabilize ABCA1, an essential regulator of HDL cholesterol. Furthermore, SNTB2 is involved in glucose stimulated insulin release. Hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia are characteristic features of the metabolic syndrome, a serious public health problem with rising prevalence. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of the syntrophins herein. Mice deficient for both syntrophins (SNTA/B2-/-) have normal insulin and glucose tolerance, hepatic ABCA1 protein and cholesterol. When challenged with a HFD, wild type and SNTA/B2-/- mice have similar weight gain, adiposity, serum and liver triglycerides. Hepatic ABCA1, serum insulin and insulin sensitivity are normal while glucose tolerance is impaired. Liver cholesterol is reduced, and expression of SREBP2 and HMG-CoA-R is increased in the knockout mice. Scavenger receptor-BI (SR-BI) protein is strongly diminished in the liver of SNTA/B2-/- mice while SR-BI binding protein NHERF1 is not changed and PDZK1 is even induced. Knock-down of SNTA, SNTB2 or both has no effect on hepatocyte SR-BI and PDZK1 proteins. Further, SR-BI levels are not reduced in brown adipose tissue of SNTA/B2-/- mice excluding that syntrophins directly stabilize SR-BI. SR-BI stability is regulated by MAPK and phosphorylated ERK2 is induced in the liver of the knock-out mice. Blockage of ERK activity upregulates hepatocyte SR-BI showing that increased MAPK activity contributes to low SR-BI. Sphingomyelin which is well described to regulate cholesterol metabolism is reduced in the liver and serum of the knock-out mice while the size of serum lipoproteins is not affected. Current data exclude a major function of these syntrophins in ABCA1 activity and insulin release but suggest a role in regulating glucose uptake, ERK and SR-BI levels, and sphingomyelin metabolism in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hebel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Eisinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Neumeier
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Rein-Fischboeck
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rebekka Pohl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth M Meier
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alfred Boettcher
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stanley C Froehner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - Marvin E Adams
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Krautbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany.
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50
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Altered levels of serum sphingomyelin and ceramide containing distinct acyl chains in young obese adults. Nutr Diabetes 2014; 4:e141. [PMID: 25329603 PMCID: PMC4217001 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2014.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Recent studies indicate that sphingolipids, sphingomyelin (SM) and ceramide (Cer) are associated with the development of metabolic syndrome. However, detailed profiles of serum sphingolipids in the pathogenesis of this syndrome are lacking. Here we have investigated the relationship between the molecular species of sphingolipids in serum and the clinical features of metabolic syndrome, such as obesity, insulin resistance, fatty liver disease and atherogenic dyslipidemia. Subjects: We collected serum from obese (body mass index, BMI⩾35, n=12) and control (BMI=20−22, n=11) volunteers (18−27 years old), measured the levels of molecular species of SM and Cer in the serum by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and analyzed the parameters for insulin resistance, liver function and lipid metabolism by biochemical blood test. Results: The SM C18:0 and C24:0 levels were higher, and the C20:0 and C22:0 levels tended to be higher in the obese group than in the control group. SM C18:0, C20:0, C22:0 and C24:0 significantly correlated with the parameters for obesity, insulin resistance, liver function and lipid metabolism, respectively. In addition, some Cer species tended to correlate with these parameters. However, SM species containing unsaturated acyl chains and most of the Cer species were not associated with these parameters. Conclusions: The present results demonstrate that the high levels of serum SM species with distinct saturated acyl chains (C18:0, C20:0, C22:0 and C24:0) closely correlate with the parameters of obesity, insulin resistance, liver function and lipid metabolism, suggesting that these SM species are associated with the development of metabolic syndrome and serve as novel biomarkers of metabolic syndrome and its associated diseases.
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