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Thorin E, Labbé P, Lambert M, Mury P, Dagher O, Miquel G, Thorin-Trescases N. Angiopoietin-Like Proteins: Cardiovascular Biology and Therapeutic Targeting for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:1736-1756. [PMID: 37295611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the best pharmacologic tools available, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. After 2 decades of research, new therapeutic targets, such as angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs), are emerging. ANGPTLs belong to a family of 8 members, from ANGPTL1 to ANGPTL8; they have structural homology with angiopoietins and are secreted in the circulation. ANGPTLs display a multitude of physiological and pathologic functions; they contribute to inflammation, angiogenesis, cell death, senescence, hematopoiesis, and play a role in repair, maintenance, and tissue homeostasis. ANGPTLs-particularly the triad ANGPTL3, 4, and 8-have an established role in lipid metabolism through the regulation of triacylglycerol trafficking according to the nutritional status. Some ANGPTLs also contribute to glucose metabolism. Therefore, dysregulation in ANGPTL expression associated with abnormal circulating levels are linked to a plethora of CVD and metabolic disorders including atherosclerosis, heart diseases, diabetes, but also obesity and cancers. Because ANGPTLs bind to different receptors according to the cell type, antagonists are therapeutically inadequate. Recently, direct inhibitors of ANGPTLs, mainly ANGPTL3, have been developed, and specific monoclonal antibodies and antisense oligonucleotides are currently being tested in clinical trials. The aim of the current review is to provide an up-to-date preclinical and clinical overview on the function of the 8 members of the ANGPTL family in the cardiovascular system, their contribution to CVD, and the therapeutic potential of manipulating some of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Thorin
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Pauline Labbé
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Lambert
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pauline Mury
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Olina Dagher
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Géraldine Miquel
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Ahn JH, Kim MC, Ahn Y, Cho DI, Lim Y, Hyun DY, Lee SH, Cho KH, Cho M, Kim YS, Sim DS, Hong YJ, Kim JH, Jeong MH. Culprit lesion plaque characteristics and angiopoietin like 4 in acute coronary syndrome: A virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound analysis. Int J Cardiol 2023; 388:131164. [PMID: 37429444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thin-cap fibroatheroma is a rupture-prone vulnerable plaque that leads to acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Several studies have investigated the clinical association between angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) and coronary artery disease. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the correlation of plasma ANGPTL4 in culprit lesion of ACS patients using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and virtual-histology IVUS (VH-IVUS). METHODS Fifty patients newly diagnosed with ACS between March to September 2021 were selected. Blood samples for baseline laboratory tests, including ANGPTL4, were collected before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and all pre- and post-PCI IVUS examinations were performed of the culprit lesions. RESULTS Linear regression analysis between plasma ANGPTL4 and grayscale IVUS/VH-IVUS parameters revealed that plasma ANGPTL4 was strongly correlated with the necrotic core (NC) of the minimal lumen site (r = -0.666, p = 0.003) and largest NC site (r = -0.687, p < 0.001), and patients with lower plasma ANGPTL4 levels showed a significantly higher proportion of TFCA. CONCLUSION The present study further demonstrated the protective role of ANGPTL4 in the spectrum of atherosclerotic development in patients with ACS by culprit lesion morphology analysis using IVUS and VH-IVUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Ho Ahn
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Min Chul Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea; Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea; Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea; Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Im Cho
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongwhan Lim
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dae Young Hyun
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hoon Cho
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea; Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Meeyoung Cho
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sook Kim
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Sun Sim
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea; Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Young Joon Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea; Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ju Han Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea; Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea; Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
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3
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Yang XF, Shang DJ. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in lipid metabolism and inflammation in atherosclerosis. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:1469-1487. [PMID: 37369936 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease events are the result of functional and structural abnormalities in the arteries and heart. Atherosclerosis is the main cause and pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease associated with dyslipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress, among which dyslipidemia and chronic inflammation occur in all processes. Under the influence of lipoproteins, the arterial intima causes inflammation, necrosis, fibrosis, and calcification, leading to plaque formation in specific parts of the artery, which further develops into plaque rupture and secondary thrombosis. Foam cell formation from macrophages is an early event in the development of atherosclerosis. Lipid uptake causes a vascular inflammatory response, and persistent inflammatory infiltration in the lesion area further promotes the development of the disease. Inhibition of macrophage differentiation into foam cell and reduction of the level of proinflammatory factors in macrophages can effectively alleviate the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor that plays an important antiatherosclerotic role by regulating triglyceride metabolism, lipid uptake, cholesterol efflux, macrophage polarity, and inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways. In addition, PPARγ shifts its binding to ligands and co-activators or co-repressors of transcription of target genes through posttranslational modification, thereby affecting the regulation of its downstream target genes. Many ligand agonists have also been developed targeting PPARγ. In this review, we summarized the role of PPARγ in lipid metabolism and inflammation in development of atherosclerosis, the posttranslational regulatory mechanism of PPARγ, and further discusses the value of PPARγ as an antiatherosclerosis target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Yang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - De-Jing Shang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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Son Y, Lorenz WW, Paton CM. Linoleic acid-induced ANGPTL4 inhibits C2C12 skeletal muscle differentiation by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 116:109324. [PMID: 36963729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle differentiation is an essential process in embryonic development as well as regeneration and repair throughout the lifespan. It is well-known that dietary fat intake impacts biological and physiological function in skeletal muscle, however, understanding of the contribution of nutritional factors in skeletal muscle differentiation is limited. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of free fatty acids (FFAs) on skeletal muscle differentiation in vitro. We used C2C12 murine myoblasts and treated them with various FFAs, which revealed a unique response of angiopoietin-like protein-4 (ANGPTL4) with linoleic acid (LA) treatment that was associated with reduced differentiation. LA significantly inhibited myotube formation and lowered the protein expression of myogenic regulatory factors, including MyoD and MyoG and increased Pax7 during cell differentiation. Next, recombinant ANGPTL4 protein or siRNA knockdown of ANGPTL4 was employed to examine its role in skeletal muscle differentiation, and we confirmed that ANGPTL4 knockdown at day 2 and -6 of differentiation restored myotube formation in the presence of LA. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that ANGPTL4-mediated inhibition of skeletal muscle differentiation at day 2 as well as LA at day 2 or -6 led to a reduction in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. We confirmed that LA reduced Wnt11 and Axin2 while increasing expression of the Wnt inhibitor, Dkk2. ANGPTL4 knockdown increased β-catenin protein in the nucleus in response to LA and increased Axin2 and Wnt11 expression. Taken together, these results demonstrate that LA induced ANGPTL4 inhibits C2C12 differentiation by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yura Son
- Department of Nutritional Sciences
| | - W Walter Lorenz
- Georgia Genomics and Bioinformatics Core and Institute of Bioinformatics
| | - Chad M Paton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences; Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Cynn E, Li D, O’Reilly ME, Wang Y, Bashore AC, Jha A, Foulkes A, Zhang H, Winter H, Maegdefessel L, Yan H, Li M, Ross L, Xue C, Reilly MP. Human Macrophage Long Intergenic Noncoding RNA, SIMALR, Suppresses Inflammatory Macrophage Apoptosis via NTN1 (Netrin-1). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:286-299. [PMID: 36546321 PMCID: PMC10162399 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as novel regulators of macrophage biology and inflammatory cardiovascular diseases. However, studies focused on lncRNAs in human macrophage subtypes, particularly human lncRNAs that are not conserved in rodents, are limited. METHODS Through RNA-sequencing of human monocyte-derived macrophages, we identified suppressor of inflammatory macrophage apoptosis lncRNA (SIMALR). Lipopolysaccharide/IFNγ (interferon γ) stimulated human macrophages were treated with SIMALR antisense oligonucleotides and subjected to RNA-sequencing to investigate the function of SIMALR. Western blots, luciferase assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation were performed to validate function and potential mechanism of SIMALR. RNAscope was performed to identify SIMALR expression in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques. RESULTS RNA-sequencing of human monocyte-derived macrophages identified SIMALR, a human macrophage-specific long intergenic noncoding RNA that is highly induced in lipopolysaccharide/IFNγ-stimulated macrophages. SIMALR knockdown in lipopolysaccharide/IFNγ stimulated THP1 human macrophages induced apoptosis of inflammatory macrophages, as shown by increased protein expression of cleaved PARP (poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase), caspase 9, caspase 3, and Annexin V+. RNA-sequencing of control versus SIMALR knockdown in lipopolysaccharide/IFNγ-stimulated macrophages showed Netrin-1 (NTN1) to be significantly decreased upon SIMALR knockdown. We confirmed that NTN1 knockdown in lipopolysaccharide/IFNγ-stimulated macrophages induced apoptosis. The SIMALR knockdown-induced apoptotic phenotype was rescued by adding recombinant NTN1. NTN1 promoter-luciferase reporter activity was increased in HEK293T (human embryonic kidney 293) cells treated with lentiviral overexpression of SIMALR. NTN1 promoter activity is known to require HIF1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha), and our studies suggest that SIMALR may interact with HIF1α to regulate NTN1 transcription, thereby regulating macrophages apoptosis. SIMALR was found to be expressed in macrophages in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques of symptomatic patients. CONCLUSIONS SIMALR is a nonconserved, human macrophage lncRNA expressed in atherosclerosis that suppresses macrophage apoptosis. SIMALR partners with HIF1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha) to regulate NTN1, which is a known macrophage survival factor. This work illustrates the importance of interrogating the functions of human lncRNAs and exploring their translational and therapeutic potential in human atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Cynn
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Daniel Li
- Mission Bio, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Marcella E. O’Reilly
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ying Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Alexander C. Bashore
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Anjali Jha
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Andrea Foulkes
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Hanna Winter
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance
- Karolinksa Institute, Department of Medicine
| | - Hanying Yan
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Leila Ross
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Chenyi Xue
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Muredach P. Reilly
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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ANGPTL4 stabilizes atherosclerotic plaques and modulates the phenotypic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells through KLF4 downregulation. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:426-442. [PMID: 36782020 PMCID: PMC9981608 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death, is a vascular disease of chronic inflammation. We recently showed that angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) promotes cardiac repair by suppressing pathological inflammation. Given the fundamental contribution of inflammation to atherosclerosis, we assessed the role of ANGPTL4 in the development of atherosclerosis and determined whether ANGPTL4 regulates atherosclerotic plaque stability. We injected ANGPTL4 protein twice a week into atherosclerotic Apoe-/- mice and analyzed the atherosclerotic lesion size, inflammation, and plaque stability. In atherosclerotic mice, ANGPTL4 reduced atherosclerotic plaque size and vascular inflammation. In the atherosclerotic lesions and fibrous caps, the number of α-SMA(+), SM22α(+), and SM-MHC(+) cells was higher, while the number of CD68(+) and Mac2(+) cells was lower in the ANGPTL4 group. Most importantly, the fibrous cap was significantly thicker in the ANGPTL4 group than in the control group. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) isolated from atherosclerotic aortas showed significantly increased expression of CD68 and Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a modulator of the vascular SMC phenotype, along with downregulation of α-SMA, and these changes were attenuated by ANGPTL4 treatment. Furthermore, ANGPTL4 reduced TNFα-induced NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1), a major source of reactive oxygen species, resulting in the attenuation of KLF4-mediated SMC phenotypic changes. We showed that acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with higher levels of ANGPTL4 had fewer vascular events than AMI patients with lower levels of ANGPTL4 (p < 0.05). Our results reveal that ANGPTL4 treatment inhibits atherogenesis and suggest that targeting vascular stability and inflammation may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat atherosclerosis. Even more importantly, ANGPTL4 treatment inhibited the phenotypic changes of SMCs into macrophage-like cells by downregulating NOX1 activation of KLF4, leading to the formation of more stable plaques.
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Nilsen DWT, Røysland M, Ueland T, Aukrust P, Michelsen AE, Staines H, Barvik S, Kontny F, Nordrehaug JE, Bonarjee VVS. The Effect of Protease-Activated Receptor-1 (PAR-1) Inhibition on Endothelial-Related Biomarkers in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Thromb Haemost 2022; 123:510-521. [PMID: 36588289 PMCID: PMC10113036 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vorapaxar has been shown to reduce cardiovascular mortality in post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Pharmacodynamic biomarker research related to protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) inhibition with vorapaxar in humans has short follow-up (FU) duration and is mainly focused on platelets rather than endothelial cells. AIM This article assesses systemic changes in endothelial-related biomarkers during vorapaxar treatment compared with placebo at 30 days' FU and beyond, in patients with coronary heart disease. METHODS Local substudy patients in Norway were included consecutively from two randomized controlled trials; post-MI subjects from TRA2P-TIMI 50 and non-ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI) patients from TRACER. Aliquots of citrated blood were stored at -80°C. Angiopoietin-2, angiopoietin-like 4, vascular endothelial growth factor, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, von Willebrand factor, thrombomodulin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and -2 were measured at 1-month FU and at study completion (median 2.3 years for pooled patients). RESULTS A total of 265 consecutive patients (age median 62.0, males 83%) were included. Biomarkers were available at both FUs in 221 subjects. In the total population, angiopoietin-2 increased in patients on vorapaxar as compared with placebo at 1-month FU (p = 0.034). Angiopoietin-like 4 increased (p = 0.028) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 decreased (p = 0.025) in favor of vorapaxar at final FU. In post-MI subjects, a short-term increase in E-selectin favoring vorapaxar was observed, p = 0.029. Also, a short-term increase in von Willebrand factor (p = 0.032) favoring vorapaxar was noted in NSTEMI patients. CONCLUSION Significant endothelial biomarker changes during PAR-1 inhibition were observed in post-MI and NSTEMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis W T Nilsen
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Michelle Røysland
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Thrombosis Research Center, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika E Michelsen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harry Staines
- Sigma Statistical Services, Balmullo, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Ståle Barvik
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Frederic Kontny
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Drammen Heart Center, Drammen, Norway
| | - Jan Erik Nordrehaug
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Górecka M, Krzemiński K, Mikulski T, Ziemba AW. ANGPTL4, IL-6 and TNF-α as regulators of lipid metabolism during a marathon run. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19940. [PMID: 36402848 PMCID: PMC9675781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to reveal whether marathon running influences regulators of lipid metabolism i.e. angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Plasma concentration of ANGPTL4, IL-6, TNF-α and lipids were determined in samples collected from 11 male runners before the marathon, immediately after the run and at 90 min of recovery. Plasma ANGPTL4 increased during exercise from 55.5 ± 13.4 to 78.1 ± 15.0 ng/ml (P < 0.001). This was accompanied by a significant increase in IL-6, TNF-α, free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol (Gly) and a decrease in triacylglycerols (TG). After 90 min of recovery ANGPTL4 and TG did not differ from the exercise values, while plasma IL-6, TNF-α, FFA and Gly concentration were significantly lower. The exercise-induced increase in plasma concentration of ANGPTL4 correlated positively with the rise in plasma IL-6, TNF-α, FFA and Gly and negatively with the duration of the run. The increase in plasma IL-6 and TNF-α correlated positively with the rise in Gly. Summarizing, marathon running induced an increase in plasma ANGPTL4 and the value was higher in faster runners. The increase in plasma FFA, IL-6 and TNF-α concentration during a marathon run may be involved in plasma ANGPTL4 release, which could be a compensatory mechanism against FFA-induced lipotoxicity and oxidative stress. All of the analyzed cytokines may stimulate lipolysis during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Górecka
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Clinical and Research Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Krzemiński
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Clinical and Research Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mikulski
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Clinical and Research Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wojciech Ziemba
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Clinical and Research Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Zarkasi KA, Abdullah N, Abdul Murad NA, Ahmad N, Jamal R. Genetic Factors for Coronary Heart Disease and Their Mechanisms: A Meta-Analysis and Comprehensive Review of Common Variants from Genome-Wide Association Studies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:2561. [PMID: 36292250 PMCID: PMC9601486 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have discovered 163 loci related to coronary heart disease (CHD). Most GWAS have emphasized pathways related to single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that reached genome-wide significance in their reports, while identification of CHD pathways based on the combination of all published GWAS involving various ethnicities has yet to be performed. We conducted a systematic search for articles with comprehensive GWAS data in the GWAS Catalog and PubMed, followed by a meta-analysis of the top recurring SNPs from ≥2 different articles using random or fixed-effect models according to Cochran Q and I2 statistics, and pathway enrichment analysis. Meta-analyses showed significance for 265 of 309 recurring SNPs. Enrichment analysis returned 107 significant pathways, including lipoprotein and lipid metabolisms (rs7412, rs6511720, rs11591147, rs1412444, rs11172113, rs11057830, rs4299376), atherogenesis (rs7500448, rs6504218, rs3918226, rs7623687), shared cardiovascular pathways (rs72689147, rs1800449, rs7568458), diabetes-related pathways (rs200787930, rs12146487, rs6129767), hepatitis C virus infection/hepatocellular carcinoma (rs73045269/rs8108632, rs56062135, rs188378669, rs4845625, rs11838776), and miR-29b-3p pathways (rs116843064, rs11617955, rs146092501, rs11838776, rs73045269/rs8108632). In this meta-analysis, the identification of various genetic factors and their associated pathways associated with CHD denotes the complexity of the disease. This provides an opportunity for the future development of novel CHD genetic risk scores relevant to personalized and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairul Anwar Zarkasi
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Noraidatulakma Abdullah
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azian Abdul Murad
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Norfazilah Ahmad
- Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Rong Y, Wu Q, Tang J, Liu Z, Lv Q, Ye X, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Li G, Wang S. Danlou Tablet May Alleviate Vascular Injury Caused by Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia through Regulating FIH-1, HIF-1, and Angptl4. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:4463108. [PMID: 36285165 PMCID: PMC9588356 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4463108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background Danlou tablet (DLT), the traditional Chinese medicine has been commonly used for dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and coronary heart disease. Whether it was effective against vascular injury caused by CIH has remained unknown. The aim of the current study was to observe the effects of DLT on chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-induced vascular injury via regulation of blood lipids and to explore potential mechanisms. Methods Sixteen 12-week-old male ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into four groups. The sham group was exposed to normal room air, whereas the other three groups were exposed to CIH. Mice in the CIH + normal saline (NS) group were gavaged with NS. Mice in the CIH + Angptl4-ab group were intraperitoneally injected with Angptl4-antibody. Mice in the CIH + DLT group were gavaged with DLT. After four weeks of intervention, serum lipid concentrations, and serum lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity were detected. The changes in atherosclerosis in vascular tissue were detected by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis were applied to detect the expression levels of hypoxia-induciblefactor-1 (HIF-1), factor-inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1), angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4), and LPL in different tissues. Results CIH exposure increases serum lipid levels, decreases serum LPL activity, and exacerbates atherosclerosis. Both Angptl4-ab and DLT treatment reversed the changes in lipid concentration, LPL activity, and atherosclerosis caused by CIH. In the epididymal fat pad, CIH exposure decreased the expression of FIH-1 and increased the expression of HIF-1, whereas DLT treatment increased the expression of FIH-1 and LPL and inhibited the expression of HIF-1 and Angptl4. In heart tissue, the expression levels of LPL and Angptl4 were not affected by modeling or treatment. Conclusions DLT improved vascular damage by improving the increase in blood lipids induced by CIH, potentially by upregulating FIH-1 and downregulating HIF-1 and Angptl4 in adipose tissue. Therefore, DLT may be a promising agent for the prevention and treatment of CIH-induced vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Rong
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jingjing Tang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qianyu Lv
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xuejiao Ye
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yuebo Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Guangxi Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Shihan Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Angiopoietin-Like 4 (ANGPTL4) in Patients with Psoriasis, Lichen Planus and Vitiligo-A Pilot Study from the Bialystok+ Polish Longitudinal University Study. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090877. [PMID: 36144281 PMCID: PMC9500972 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis, vitiligo and lichen planus (LP) are autoimmune skin diseases associated with metabolic syndrome. Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is a member of angiopoietin-like proteins, which play an important role in lipid metabolism, and its serum concentration has been proposed as a biomarker of cardiometabolic complications, especially coronary artery disease (CAD). The study involved 56 patients with abovementioned dermatoses and 29 sex- and age-matched volunteers without dermatoses. ANGPTL4 serum concentration was measured by ELISA. ANGPTL4 concentration was statistically significantly higher in patients with LP compared to the control group (p < 0.01); moreover, it was significantly higher than in patients with psoriasis and vitiligo (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in ANGPTL4 concentration between patients with psoriasis or vitiligo and controls. There was no correlation between ANGPTL4 concentration and age or BMI in all study groups. There was a positive correlation between ANGPTL4 concentration and fasting glucose (R = 0.43) and AST activity (R = 0.39) in psoriatic patients and ALT activity in patients with vitiligo (R = 0.44). ANGPTL4 could be a potential marker of metabolic complications in patients with LP, especially CAD. Perhaps patients with LP are more prone to CAD compared to the other two dermatoses, which requires further research.
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Zhan W, Tian W, Zhang W, Tian H, Sun T. ANGPTL4 attenuates palmitic acid-induced endothelial cell injury by increasing autophagy. Cell Signal 2022; 98:110410. [PMID: 35843572 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
ANGPTL4, a member of the angiopoietin-like protein family, is reported to be involved in angiogenesis regulation, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism and redox reactions, among others. Our previous study showed that the plasma ANGPTL4 level was lower in coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAHD) and could be a useful predictor of coronary atherosclerosis. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the function of ANGPTL4 in atherosclerosis is poorly understood. In this study, we found that overexpression of ANGPTL4 in HUVECs enhanced cell proliferation and clone-forming ability in vitro, whereas knockdown of ANGPTL4 resulted in the opposite. The expression of ANGPTL4 was upregulated in palmitic acid (PA)-treated HUVECs. Overexpression of ANGPTL4 protected against PA-induced endothelial injury. Knockdown of ANGPTL4 exacerbated the effects of PA on HUVECs. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that ANGPTL4 promoted endothelial cell proliferation through the regulation of autophagy. Knockdown of ATG7 or 3-MA (an autophagy inhibitor) attenuated the effects of ANGPTL4 on endothelial cells. The serum level of ANGPTL4 was downregulated in atherosclerosis mice. Furthermore, the expression of ANGPTL4 was correlated with autophagy-related proteins in aortic tissues of atherosclerotic mice. ANGPTL4 promotes endothelial cell proliferation and suppresses PA-induced endothelial cell injury by increasing autophagy, which may protect against the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Zhan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenlu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hua Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
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13
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Tian MM, Wang YS, Xiao HB. Dual roles of ANGPTL4 in multiple inflammatory responses in stomatitis mice. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9195-9204. [PMID: 35819554 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07745-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stomatitis is inflammation of the oral mucosa. Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) has pleiotropic functions both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we tested whether there is a correlation between increased ANGPTL4 expression and inflammation in stomatitis mice and the mechanisms involved. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, the oral mucosa of mice was burned with 90% phenol and intraperitoneal injection of 5-fluorouracil to establish the model of stomatitis mice. The pathological changes of stomatitis mice were observed by H&E staining of paraffin section. The expressions of cytokines and ANGPTL4 were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the protein levels of ANGPTL4 were detected by western blot. Compared with control group, the oral mucosal structure of model mice was damaged. The expression of ANGPTL4 were significantly increased concomitantly with elevated production of anti-inflammatory cytokine (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha) and pro-inflammatory cytokines [nuclear transcription factor-kappa B, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α] in mice with stomatitis. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that ANGPTL4 may be a double-edged sword in multiple inflammatory responses in stomatitis mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yi-Shan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hong-Bo Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Katanasaka Y, Saito A, Sunagawa Y, Sari N, Funamoto M, Shimizu S, Shimizu K, Akimoto T, Ueki C, Kitano M, Hasegawa K, Sakaguchi G, Morimoto T. ANGPTL4 Expression Is Increased in Epicardial Adipose Tissue of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092449. [PMID: 35566578 PMCID: PMC9099928 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is known to affect atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD) pathogenesis, persistently releasing pro-inflammatory adipokines that affect the myocardium and coronary arteries. Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is a protein secreted from adipose tissue and plays a critical role in the progression of atherosclerosis. Here, the expression of ANGPTL4 in EAT was investigated in CAD subjects. Thirty-four consecutive patients (13 patients with significant CAD; 21 patients without CAD) undergoing elective open-heart surgery were recruited. EAT and pericardial fluid were obtained at the time of surgery. mRNA expression and ANGPTL4 and IL-1β levels were evaluated by qRT-PCR and ELISA. The expression of ANGPTL4 (p = 0.0180) and IL-1β (p < 0.0001) in EAT significantly increased in the CAD group compared to that in the non-CAD group and positively correlated (p = 0.004). Multiple regression analysis indicated that CAD is a contributing factor for ANGPTL4 expression in EAT. IL-1β level in the pericardial fluid was significantly increased in patients with CAD (p = 0.020). Moreover, the expression of ANGPTL4 (p = 0.004) and IL-1β (p < 0.001) in EAT was significantly increased in non-obese patients with CAD. In summary, ANGPTL4 expression in EAT was increased in CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Katanasaka
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (Y.K.); (A.S.); (Y.S.); (N.S.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (K.H.)
- Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
- Laboratory of Clinical Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Shizuoka General Hospital, 4-27-1 Kita Ando Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan
| | - Ayumi Saito
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (Y.K.); (A.S.); (Y.S.); (N.S.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (K.H.)
| | - Yoichi Sunagawa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (Y.K.); (A.S.); (Y.S.); (N.S.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (K.H.)
- Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
- Laboratory of Clinical Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Shizuoka General Hospital, 4-27-1 Kita Ando Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan
| | - Nurmila Sari
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (Y.K.); (A.S.); (Y.S.); (N.S.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (K.H.)
| | - Masafumi Funamoto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (Y.K.); (A.S.); (Y.S.); (N.S.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (K.H.)
| | - Satoshi Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (Y.K.); (A.S.); (Y.S.); (N.S.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (K.H.)
| | - Kana Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (Y.K.); (A.S.); (Y.S.); (N.S.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (K.H.)
| | - Takehide Akimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shizuoka General Hospital, 4-27-1 Kita Ando Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan; (T.A.); (C.U.); (M.K.)
| | - Chikara Ueki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shizuoka General Hospital, 4-27-1 Kita Ando Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan; (T.A.); (C.U.); (M.K.)
| | - Mitsuru Kitano
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shizuoka General Hospital, 4-27-1 Kita Ando Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan; (T.A.); (C.U.); (M.K.)
| | - Koji Hasegawa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (Y.K.); (A.S.); (Y.S.); (N.S.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (K.H.)
- Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Genichi Sakaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Japan;
| | - Tatsuya Morimoto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (Y.K.); (A.S.); (Y.S.); (N.S.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (K.H.)
- Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
- Laboratory of Clinical Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Shizuoka General Hospital, 4-27-1 Kita Ando Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-54-264-5763
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Single-Cell Analysis Uncovers Osteoblast Factor Growth Differentiation Factor 10 as Mediator of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Modulation Associated with Plaque Rupture in Human Carotid Artery Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031796. [PMID: 35163719 PMCID: PMC8836240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) undergo a complex phenotypic switch in response to atherosclerosis environmental triggers, contributing to atherosclerosis disease progression. However, the complex heterogeneity of VSMCs and how VSMC dedifferentiation affects human carotid artery disease (CAD) risk has not been clearly established. (2) Method: A single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of CD45− cells derived from the atherosclerotic aorta of Apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe−/−) mice on a normal cholesterol diet (NCD) or a high cholesterol diet (HCD), respecting the site-specific predisposition to atherosclerosis was performed. Growth Differentiation Factor 10 (GDF10) role in VSMCs phenotypic switch was investigated via flow cytometry, immunofluorescence in human atherosclerotic plaques. (3) Results: scRNAseq analysis revealed the transcriptomic profile of seven clusters, five of which showed disease-relevant gene signature of VSMC macrophagic calcific phenotype, VSMC mesenchymal chondrogenic phenotype, VSMC inflammatory and fibro-phenotype and VSMC inflammatory phenotype. Osteoblast factor GDF10 involved in ossification and osteoblast differentiation emerged as a hallmark of VSMCs undergoing phenotypic switch. Under hypercholesteremia, GDF10 triggered VSMC osteogenic switch in vitro. The abundance of GDF10 expressing osteogenic-like VSMCs cells was linked to the occurrence of carotid artery disease (CAD) events. (4) Conclusions: Taken together, these results provide evidence about GDF10-mediated VSMC osteogenic switch, with a likely detrimental role in atherosclerotic plaque stability.
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Lee J, Gong YX, Jeong H, Seo H, Xie DP, Sun HN, Kwon T. Pharmacological effects of Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn for inflammation, cancer and neuroprotection (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1357. [PMID: 34659503 PMCID: PMC8515544 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn is an Asian shrub with a considerable history of traditional medicinal use. P. quassioides and its extracts exhibit good therapeutic properties against several diseases, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anticancer effects. However, the composition of compounds contained in P. quassioides is complex; although various studies have examined mixtures or individual compounds extracted from it, studies on the application of P. quassioides extracts remain limited. In the present review, the structures and functions of the compounds identified from P. quassioides and their utility in anti-inflammatory, anticancer and neuroprotectant therapies was discussed. The present review provided up-to-date information on pharmacological activities and clinical applications for P. quassioides extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaihyung Lee
- Epigenetics Drug Discovery Center, Hwalmyeong Convalescence Hospital, Gapyeong, Gyeonggi 12458, Republic of Korea
- Korean Convergence Medicine Center, Hwalmyeong Hospital of Korean Medicine, Seoul 03790, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Xi Gong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Hyunjeong Jeong
- Epigenetics Drug Discovery Center, Hwalmyeong Convalescence Hospital, Gapyeong, Gyeonggi 12458, Republic of Korea
- Korean Convergence Medicine Center, Hwalmyeong Hospital of Korean Medicine, Seoul 03790, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyoung Seo
- Epigenetics Drug Discovery Center, Hwalmyeong Convalescence Hospital, Gapyeong, Gyeonggi 12458, Republic of Korea
- Korean Convergence Medicine Center, Hwalmyeong Hospital of Korean Medicine, Seoul 03790, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan-Ping Xie
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Hu-Nan Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56216, Republic of Korea
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Role and mechanism of the action of angiopoietin-like protein ANGPTL4 in plasma lipid metabolism. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100150. [PMID: 34801488 PMCID: PMC8666355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triglycerides are carried in the bloodstream as the components of very low-density lipoproteins and chylomicrons. These circulating triglycerides are primarily hydrolyzed in muscle and adipose tissue by the enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL). The activity of LPL is regulated by numerous mechanisms, including by three members of the angiopoietin-like protein family: ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and ANGPTL8. In this review, we discuss the recent literature concerning the role and mechanism of action of ANGPTL4 in lipid metabolism. ANGPTL4 is a fasting- and lipid-induced factor secreted by numerous cells, including adipocytes, hepatocytes, (cardio)myocytes, and macrophages. In adipocytes, ANGPTL4 mediates the fasting-induced repression of LPL activity by promoting the unfolding of LPL, leading to the cleavage and subsequent degradation of LPL. The inhibition of LPL by ANGPTL4 is opposed by ANGPTL8, which keeps the LPL active after feeding. In macrophages and (cardio)myocytes, ANGPTL4 functions as a lipid-inducible feedback regulator of LPL-mediated lipid uptake. In comparison, in hepatocytes, ANGPTL4 functions as a local inhibitor of hepatic lipase and possibly as an endocrine inhibitor of LPL in extra-hepatic tissues. At the genetic level, loss-of-function mutations in ANGPTL4 are associated with lower plasma triglycerides and higher plasma HDL-C levels, and a reduced risk of coronary artery disease, suggesting that ANGPTL4 is a viable pharmacological target for reducing cardiovascular risk. Whole-body targeting of ANGPTL4 is contraindicated because of severe pathological complications, whereas liver-specific inactivation of ANGPTL4, either as monotherapy or coupled to anti-ANGPTL3 therapies might be a suitable strategy for lowering plasma triglycerides in selected patient groups. In conclusion, the tissue-specific targeting of ANGPTL4 appears to be a viable pharmacological approach to reduce circulating triglycerides.
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Sun T, Zhan W, Wei L, Xu Z, Fan L, Zhuo Y, Wang C, Zhang J. Circulating ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 levels predict coronary artery atherosclerosis severity. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:154. [PMID: 34742313 PMCID: PMC8571829 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the role of ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 in atherosclerosis development and determined whether plasma concentrations of ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 are related to the degree of coronary stenosis. Methods A total of 305 consecutive patients with angina who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography were enrolled in the study between August 2017 and August 2018. The levels of ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 were measured by using competitive ELISA kits. Results According to the degree of coronary artery stenosis, patients were classified into four types: coronary artery stenosis of < 10%, 10-50%, 50-75, and > 75%. The plasma ANGPTL3 level was higher (51.71 ± 52.67 vs. 24.65 ± 10.32 ng/mL, P < 0.001) and that of ANGPTL4 was lower (454.66 ± 269.05 vs. 875.49 ± 961.15 ng/mL, P < 0.001) in the coronary artery stenosis ≥ 10% group than in the < 10% group. ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 levels were significantly associated with the severity of coronary vascular stenosis. ROC curve analyses indicated that ANGPTL3 concentrations above 30.5 ng/mL can predict atherosclerosis with a sensitivity of 71.2% and specificity of 75.3%, and that ANGPTL4 levels below 497.5 ng/mL can predict atherosclerosis with a sensitivity of 63.9% and specificity of 74.5%. ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 were determined to be independent risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis with odds ratios (ORs) of 0.189 (95% CI 0.097-0.368, P < 0.001) and 3.625 (95% CI 1.873-7.016, P < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions Increased ANGPTL3 or decreased ANGPTL4 shows an association with coronary atherosclerosis and, may become a predictor of coronary atherosclerosis in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-021-01580-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Wanlin Zhan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lijiang Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zuojun Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yang Zhuo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Changqian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Sylvers-Davie KL, Davies BSJ. Regulation of lipoprotein metabolism by ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and ANGPTL8. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E493-E508. [PMID: 34338039 PMCID: PMC8560382 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00195.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins deliver fatty acids to tissues for oxidation and for storage. Release of fatty acids from circulating lipoprotein triglycerides is carried out by lipoprotein lipase (LPL), thus LPL serves as a critical gatekeeper of fatty acid uptake into tissues. LPL activity is regulated by a number of extracellular proteins including three members of the angiopoietin-like family of proteins. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of how, where, and when ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and ANGPTL8 regulate lipoprotein lipase activity, with a particular emphasis on how these proteins interact with each other to coordinate triglyceride metabolism and fat partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli L Sylvers-Davie
- Department of Biochemistry, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Brandon S J Davies
- Department of Biochemistry, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Zhang X, Yuan S, Zhang X, Zhang T, Meng C, Zhuang K, Dang S. ANGPTL4 regulates CD163 expression and Kuppfer cell polarization induced cirrhosis via TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Exp Cell Res 2021; 405:112706. [PMID: 34146541 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiopoietin like 4 (ANGPTL4) has been proved to play an important role in lipid and glucose metabolism disorders and related cardiovascular diseases, but its role in the formation of cirrhosis still needs to be further explored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of ANGPTL4 in the development of liver cirrhosis and its mechanism, as well as its effect on Kupffer cell polarization and hepatic stellate cell activation. The ELISA and RT-qPCR assay were used to detect the content of ANGPTL4 in serum and mRNA expression in cells and tissues respectively. The expression of ANGPTL4, Arg1 and Mrc2 in Kupffer cells was measured by Western blot. The percentage of CD163+ and CD206+ cells was measured by flow cytometry. Mice cirrhosis model was established, and the expression of ANGPTL4 was interfered by injecting sh-ANGPTL4 lentiviral vector into caudal vein. The results revealed that ANGPTL4 was significantly up-regulated in liver cirrhosis patients and HBV induced liver injury cell models. Further studies found that interference with ANGPTL4 regulated CD163 and inhibited the polarization and proinflammatory effects of KCs,as well as inhibited the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and fibrosis. More importantly, Interference with ANGPTL4 inhibits the progression of liver cirrhosis in mice. What's more, TLR4/NF-κB pathway was involved in the molecular mechanism of ANGPTL4 on Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells. It is suggested that the mechanism of sh-ANGPTL4 suppressing the polarization of KCs and the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is to regulate the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'a Central Hospital, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shanshan Yuan
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'a Central Hospital, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cunying Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'a Central Hospital, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuangsuo Dang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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21
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Yang J, Song QY, Niu SX, Chen HJ, Petersen RB, Zhang Y, Huang K. Emerging roles of angiopoietin-like proteins in inflammation: Mechanisms and potential as pharmacological targets. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:98-117. [PMID: 34289108 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs), a family of eight secreted glycoproteins termed ANGTPL1-8, are involved in angiogenesis, lipid metabolism, cancer progression, and inflammation. Their roles in regulating lipid metabolism have been intensively studied, as some ANGPTLs are promising pharmacological targets for hypertriglyceridemia and associated cardiovascular disease. Recently, the emerging roles of ANGPTLs in inflammation have attracted great attention. First, elevated levels of multiple circulating ANGPTLs in inflammatory diseases make them potential disease biomarkers. Second, multiple ANGPTLs regulate acute or chronic inflammation via various mechanisms, including triggering inflammatory signaling through their action as ligands for integrin or forming homo- /hetero-oligomers to regulate signal transduction via extra- or intracellular mechanisms. As dysregulation of the inflammatory response is a critical trigger in many diseases, understanding the roles of ANGPTLs in inflammation will aid in drug/therapy development. Here, we summarize the roles, mechanisms, and potential therapeutic values for ANGPTLs in inflammation and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Biopharmacy, Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu-Yi Song
- Department of Biopharmacy, Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-Xuan Niu
- Department of Biopharmacy, Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui-Jing Chen
- Department of Biopharmacy, Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Robert B Petersen
- Foundational Sciences, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biopharmacy, Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Biopharmacy, Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
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The Importance of Lipoprotein Lipase Regulation in Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070782. [PMID: 34356847 PMCID: PMC8301479 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays a major role in the lipid homeostasis mainly by mediating the intravascular lipolysis of triglyceride rich lipoproteins. Impaired LPL activity leads to the accumulation of chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) in plasma, resulting in hypertriglyceridemia. While low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is recognized as a primary risk factor for atherosclerosis, hypertriglyceridemia has been shown to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and a residual risk factor in atherosclerosis development. In this review, we focus on the lipolysis machinery and discuss the potential role of triglycerides, remnant particles, and lipolysis mediators in the onset and progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This review details a number of important factors involved in the maturation and transportation of LPL to the capillaries, where the triglycerides are hydrolyzed, generating remnant lipoproteins. Moreover, LPL and other factors involved in intravascular lipolysis are also reported to impact the clearance of remnant lipoproteins from plasma and promote lipoprotein retention in capillaries. Apolipoproteins (Apo) and angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs) play a crucial role in regulating LPL activity and recent insights into LPL regulation may elucidate new pharmacological means to address the challenge of hypertriglyceridemia in atherosclerosis development.
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Transcriptomic Responses Induced in Muscle and Adipose Tissues of Growing Pigs by Intravenous Infusion of Sodium Butyrate. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060559. [PMID: 34203067 PMCID: PMC8234147 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The present study was constructed to determine the effects of short-term intravenous sodium butyrate (SB) administration on metabolism through transcriptomic responses in muscle and adipose tissue of pigs. We found that systemic butyrate displayed a discriminative metabolic regulation in muscle and adipose tissue. Intravenous SB infusion decreased amino acid metabolism pathways both in muscle and adipose tissues. Intravenous SB infusion increased glucose catabolism in muscle tissue and decreased glucose utilization in adipose tissue. Moreover, intravenous SB infusion decreased lipolysis in muscle tissue but increased lipolysis in adipose tissue. These findings support the direct role of the SCFA butyrate in the regulation of the metabolism. Abstract Butyrate has a central function in the regulation of energy metabolism as a metabolite of bacterial fermentation. This study evaluated the effects of intravenous sodium butyrate (SB) administration on the transcriptome of muscle and adipose tissue of pigs. Twelve crossbred barrows (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) were fitted with a medical polyethylene cannula via the internal jugular vein and were daily infused with 10 mL SB (200 mmol/L) or the same volume of physiological saline. Muscle transcriptome showed 11 DEGs related to carbohydrate metabolism, 28 DEGs related to lipid metabolism, and 10 DEGs related to amino acid metabolism. Among these, carbohydrate catabolic process-related genes (PPP1R3B, PRPS2, ALDOC), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and lipolysis-related genes (PLIN1) were upregulated, while the carbohydrate biosynthetic process-related genes (PCK1) and most amino acid metabolism-related genes were downregulated. Adipose transcriptome showed 12 DEGs related to carbohydrate metabolism, 27 DEGs related to lipid metabolism, and 10 DEGs related to amino acid metabolism. Among these, carbohydrate metabolism-related genes (IGF1, LEP, SLC2A4) and lipolysis-related genes (LPL) were upregulated, while lipolysis-related genes (ANGPTL4) and most amino acid metabolism-related genes were downregulated. The results suggest that short-term intravenous SB infusion could modulate the muscle and adipose tissue metabolism at the transcriptional level by decreasing amino acid metabolism pathways. Additionally, intravenous SB increased the glucose catabolism in muscle tissue and decreased the glucose utilization in adipose tissue. Intravenous SB increased the fatty acid synthesis, decreased the lipolysis in muscle tissue, and increased the lipolysis in adipose tissue. This suggests that systemic butyrate may display discriminative metabolic regulation in different tissues of barrows.
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Shen C, Fan D, Fu H, Zheng C, Chen Y, Hu Z. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ANGPTL4 gene and the SNP-SNP interactions on the risk of atherosclerotic Ischaemic stroke. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:108. [PMID: 33750331 PMCID: PMC7941969 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ANGPTL4 gene and the SNP–SNP interactions on atherosclerotic ischemic stroke (IS) risk. Patients and methods A case-control study was conducted. A total of 360 patients with atherosclerotic IS and 342 controls between December 2018 and December 2019 from Longyan First Hospital affiliated to Fujian Medical University were included. A logistic regression model was used to examine the association between SNPs and atherosclerotic IS risk. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction was employed to analyze the SNP-SNP interaction. Results Logistic regression analysis showed that atherosclerotic IS risk was significantly lower in carriers with the rs11672433-T allele than those with the CC genotype (CT+ TT vs. CC); adjusted OR, 0.005; 95% CI, 0.02–0.11. We found a significant 2-locus model (P = 0.0010) involving rs11672433 and rs4076317; the cross-validation consistency of this model was 10 of 10, and the testing accuracy was 57.96%. Participants with the CT or TT of rs11672433 and CC of rs4076317 genotype have the lowest atherosclerotic IS risk, compared to subjects with CC of rs11672433 and the CC of rs4076317 genotype, OR (95%CI) was 0.06(0.02–0.22), after covariates adjustment for gender, age, smoking and alcohol status, hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, Uric acid. Conclusions We found that rs11672433 was associated with decreased atherosclerotic IS risk; we also found that gene–gene interaction between rs11672433 and rs4076317 was associated with decreased atherosclerotic IS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxiong Shen
- Neurology Department, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 105, Jiuyi North Road, Longyan, 364000, Fujian, China
| | - Daofeng Fan
- Neurology Department, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 105, Jiuyi North Road, Longyan, 364000, Fujian, China.
| | - Huajun Fu
- Neurology Department, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 105, Jiuyi North Road, Longyan, 364000, Fujian, China
| | - Chong Zheng
- Neurology Department, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 105, Jiuyi North Road, Longyan, 364000, Fujian, China
| | - Yinjuan Chen
- Neurology Department, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 105, Jiuyi North Road, Longyan, 364000, Fujian, China
| | - Zhizhou Hu
- Neurology Department, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 105, Jiuyi North Road, Longyan, 364000, Fujian, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Since the first discovery of Angiopoetin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) in 2000, the involvement of ANGPTL4 in different aspects of lipid metabolism and vascular biology has emerged as an important research field. In this review, we summarize the fundamental roles of ANGPTL4 in regulating metabolic and nonmetabolic functions and their implication in lipid metabolism and with several aspects of vascular function and dysfunction. RECENT FINDINGS ANGPTL4 is a secreted glycoprotein with a physiological role in lipid metabolism and a predominant expression in adipose tissue and liver. ANGPTL4 inhibits the activity of lipoprotein lipase and thereby promotes an increase in circulating triglyceride levels. Therefore, ANGPTL4 has been highly scrutinized as a potential therapeutic target. Further involvement of ANGPTL4 has been shown to occur in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, vascular permeability and stem cell regulation, which opens new opportunities of using ANGPTL4 as potential therapeutic targets for other pathophysiological conditions. SUMMARY Further determination of ANGPTL4 regulatory circuits and defining specific molecular events that mediate its biological effects remain key to future ANGPTL4-based therapeutic applications in different disease settings. Many new and unanticipated roles of ANGPTL4 in the control of cell-specific functions will assist clinicians and researchers in developing potential therapeutic applications.
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Deprince A, Haas JT, Staels B. Dysregulated lipid metabolism links NAFLD to cardiovascular disease. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101092. [PMID: 33010471 PMCID: PMC7600388 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming a global health problem. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most common cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. NAFLD and CVD share several common risk factors including obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Atherogenic dyslipidemia, characterized by plasma hypertriglyceridemia, increased small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, is often observed in NAFLD patients. Scope of review In this review, we highlight recent epidemiological studies evaluating the link between NAFLD and CVD risk. We further focus on recent mechanistic insights into the links between NAFLD and altered lipoprotein metabolism. We also discuss current therapeutic strategies for NAFLD and their potential impact on NAFLD-associated CVD risk. Major conclusions Alterations in hepatic lipid and lipoprotein metabolism are major contributing factors to the increased CVD risk in NAFLD patients, and many promising NASH therapies in development also improve dyslipidemia in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Deprince
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Joel T Haas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France.
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27
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Lu X. Structure and Function of Angiopoietin-like Protein 3 (ANGPTL3) in Atherosclerosis. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5159-5174. [PMID: 31223079 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190621120523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiopoietin-Like Proteins (ANGPTLs) are structurally related to the angiopoietins. A total of eight ANGPTLs (from ANGPTL1 to ANGPTL8) have been identified so far. Most ANGPTLs possess multibiological functions on lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Among them, ANGPTL3 has been shown to regulate the levels of Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) made by the liver and play a crucial role in human lipoprotein metabolism. METHOD A systematic appraisal of ANGPTLs was conducted, focusing on the main features of ANGPTL3 that has a significant role in atherosclerosis. RESULTS Angiopoietins including ANGPTL3 are vascular growth factors that are highly specific for endothelial cells, perform a variety of other regulatory activities to influence inflammation, and have been shown to possess both pro-atherosclerotic and atheroprotective effects. CONCLUSION ANGPTL3 has been demonstrated as a promising target in the pharmacological management of atherosclerosis. However, many questions remain about its biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Lu
- The Mary and Garry Weston Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Thrombosis Research Institute, London SW3 6LR, England, United Kingdom
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28
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Angiopoietin-like protein 8 accelerates atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice. Atherosclerosis 2020; 307:63-71. [PMID: 32739681 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) is a hormone involved in regulating lipid metabolism. Patients with coronary artery disease have markedly higher plasma levels of ANGPTL8 than controls; however, the role of ANGPTL8 in atherosclerosis has not been explored. Therefore, we explored the effects of ANGPTL8 on atherosclerosis development in a mouse model. METHODS We induced experimental atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice ANGPTL8-knockdown. and ANGPTL8-overexpression ApoE-/- mice. We also explored the mechanism using ANGPTL8-overexpression macrophages. RESULTS ANGPTL8 expression was increased in human and mouse atherosclerotic lesions. ANGPTL8 overexpression promoted the development of atherosclerosis whereas ANGPTL8 knockdown protected against atherosclerosis. Immunofluorescence co-staining results showed that ANGPTL8 was expressed in macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques. Compared with wild type cells, ANGPTL8-overexpressing macrophages, including bone marrow-derived macrophages and Raw 264.7 macrophages, showed enhanced foam cell formation and increased accumulation of cholesterol that was induced by increased uptake and decreased efflux of cholesterol. The results of this study also showed that ANGPTL8 induced the expression of CD36 and scavenger receptor (SR)-A, and inhibited the expression of SR-BI. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate an unanticipated role of ANGPTL8 in the development of atherosclerosis and regulation of foam cell formation. ANGPTL8 may be a promising new target for atherosclerosis.
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Shen X, Weng C, Wang Y, Wang C, Feng S, Li X, Li H, Jiang H, Wang H, Chen J. Lipopolysaccharide-induced podocyte injury is regulated by calcineurin/NFAT and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways through angiopoietin-like protein 4. Genes Dis 2020; 9:443-455. [PMID: 35224159 PMCID: PMC8843862 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury is an important cause of proteinuria. Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (Angptl4) is a secreted glycoprotein and has a role in proteinuria. However, the exact role of Angptl4 in podocyte injury and its upstream regulators has not been clarified. In this study, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mice and cultured podocytes as podocyte injury models. Our results indicated that LPS increased the expression of podocyte Angptl4 in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we showed that Angptl4 overexpression deteriorated LPS-induced podocyte injury by inducing podocyte cytoskeleton rearrangement, reducing the expression of synaptopodin while Angptl4 knockdown alleviated LPS-induced podocyte injury. In addition, we found that inhibitors and siRNA targeting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling inhibited the upregulation of Angptl4 in LPS-induced podocytes. Moreover, inhibitors and siRNA targeting calcineurin/NFAT signaling also relieved LPS-induced Angptl4 expression and podocyte injury in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, our study has elucidated that both of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and calcineurin/NFAT signaling mediate the upregulation of Angptl4 in LPS-induced podocytes, which has important implications for further understanding the molecular mechanism of LPS-induced podocyte injury.
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30
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Yang J, Li X, Xu D. Research Progress on the Involvement of ANGPTL4 and Loss-of-Function Variants in Lipid Metabolism and Coronary Heart Disease: Is the "Prime Time" of ANGPTL4-Targeted Therapy for Coronary Heart Disease Approaching? Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 35:467-477. [PMID: 32500296 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple genetic studies have confirmed the definitive link among the loss-of-function variants of angiogenin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4), significantly decreased plasma triglyceride (TG) levels, and reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). The potential therapeutic effect of ANGPTL4 on dyslipidemia and CHD has been widely studied. OBJECTIVE This review provides a detailed introduction to the research progress on the involvement of ANGPTL4 in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis and evaluates the efficacy and safety of ANGPTL4 as a therapeutic target for CHD. RELEVANT FINDINGS By inhibiting lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, ANGPTL4 plays a vital role in the regulation of lipid metabolism and energy balance. However, the role of ANGPTL4 in regulating lipid metabolism is tissue-specific. ANGPTL4 acts as a locally released LPL inhibitor in the heart, skeletal muscle and small intestine, while ANGPTL4 derived from liver and adipose tissue mainly acts as an endocrine factor that regulates systemic lipid metabolism. As a multifunctional protein, ANGPTL4 also inhibits the formation of foam cells in macrophages, exerting an anti-atherogenic role. The function of ANGPTL4 in endothelial cells is still uncertain. The safety of ANGPTL4 monoclonal antibodies requires further evaluation due to their potential adverse effects. CONCLUSION The biological characteristics of ANGPTL4 are much more complex than those demonstrated by genetic studies. Future studies must elucidate how to effectively reduce the risk of CHD while avoiding potential atherogenic effects and other complications before the "prime time" of ANGPTL4-targeted therapy arrives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
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Sata Y, Marques FZ, Kaye DM. The Emerging Role of Gut Dysbiosis in Cardio-metabolic Risk Factors for Heart Failure. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 22:38. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-01046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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McCulloch LJ, Bramwell LR, Knight B, Kos K. Circulating and tissue specific transcription of angiopoietin-like protein 4 in human Type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 2020; 106:154192. [PMID: 32112823 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity is associated with adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction marked by cellular hypertrophy, inflammation, hypoxia and fibrosis. Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) inhibits lipoprotein lipase which regulates triglyceride storage. Recently, inhibition of ANGPTL4 has been suggested as potential treatment for type 2 diabetes. Here we evaluate ANGPTL4's role in diabetes and examine ANGPTL4 in relation to markers of AT dysfunction and fatty liver disease. MATERIALS & METHODS We obtained a unique set of paired samples from subjects undergoing weight loss surgery including subcutaneous AT (SCAT), omental AT (OMAT), liver, thigh muscle biopsies and serum including a post-surgical SCAT biopsy after 9 months. RESULTS SCAT ANGPTL4 expression and circulating protein levels were higher in people with diabetes and correlated with glucose levels and HOMA-IR but not BMI. At post-surgical follow up, SCAT ANGPTL4 declined in subjects with diabetes to levels of those without diabetes. ANGPTL4 expression correlated with HIF1A and inflammation (MCP-1, IL-6). CONCLUSIONS We found that SCAT ANGPTL4 was closely linked with the expression of ANGPTL4 in the liver and represented a good proxy for liver steatosis. We suggest the elevation of ANGPTL4 levels in diabetes and the association with inflammation and hypoxia is due to a compensatory mechanism to limit further AT dysfunction. A reduction of ANGPTL4 for the treatment of T2DM as previously suggested is thus unlikely to be of further benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J McCulloch
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Group, Institute of Biological and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter, EX2 5DW, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Laura R Bramwell
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Group, Institute of Biological and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter, EX2 5DW, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Bridget Knight
- Exeter NIHR Clinical Research Facility, RILD, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Katarina Kos
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Group, Institute of Biological and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter, EX2 5DW, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
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Kluge S, Boermel L, Schubert M, Lorkowski S. Simple and rapid real-time monitoring of LPL activity in vitro. MethodsX 2020; 7:100865. [PMID: 32274337 PMCID: PMC7132154 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since elevated plasma triglycerides are an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is an interesting target for drug development. However, investigation of LPL remains challenging, as most of the commercially available assays are limited to the determination of LPL activity. Thus, we focused on the evaluation of a simple in vitro real-time fluorescence assay for the measurement of LPL activity that can be combined with additional cell or molecular biological assays in the same cell sample. Our procedure allows for a more comprehensive characterization of potential regulatory compounds targeting the LPL system. The presented assay procedure provides several advantages over currently available commercial in vitro LPL activity assays:12-well cell culture plate design for the simultaneous investigation of up to three different compounds of interest (including all assay controls). 24 h real-time acquisition of LPL activity for the identification of the optimal time point for further measurements. Measurement of LPL activity can be supplemented by additional cell or molecular biological assays in the same cell sample.
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Key Words
- ANGPTL, angiopoietin-like
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FFA, free fatty acid
- FI, fluorescence intensity
- Fluorescence
- LPL activity assay
- LPL, lipoprotein lipase
- Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
- MTT, methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PPAR, proliferator-activated receptor
- PSG, L‐glutamine-penicillin-streptomycin
- RFU, relative fluorescence units
- Real-time assay
- VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kluge
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany.,Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa Boermel
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany.,Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Schubert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany.,Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany.,Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
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Li J, Li L, Guo D, Li S, Zeng Y, Liu C, Fu R, Huang M, Xie W. Triglyceride metabolism and angiopoietin-like proteins in lipoprotein lipase regulation. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 503:19-34. [PMID: 31923423 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia is a risk factor for a series of diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs) family, especially ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL8, which regulate lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, play pivotal roles in triglyceride (TG) metabolism and related diseases/complications. There are many transcriptional and post-transcriptional factors that participate in physiological and pathological regulation of ANGPTLs to affect triglyceride metabolism. This review is intended to focus on the similarity and difference in the expression, structural features, regulation profile of the three ANGPTLs and inhibitory models for LPL. Description of the regulatory factors of ANGPTLs and the properties in regulating the lipid metabolism involved in the underlying mechanisms in pathological effects on diseases will provide potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of dyslipidemia related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China; 2016 Class of Clinical Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - DongMing Guo
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - SuYun Li
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - YuXin Zeng
- 2018 Class of Excellent Doctor, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - ChuHao Liu
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China; 2016 Class of Clinical Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Ru Fu
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China; 2016 Class of Clinical Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - MengQian Huang
- 2015 Class of Clinical Medicine, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Wei Xie
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
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35
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Cho DI, Kang HJ, Jeon JH, Eom GH, Cho HH, Kim MR, Cho M, Jeong HY, Cho HC, Hong MH, Kim YS, Ahn Y. Antiinflammatory activity of ANGPTL4 facilitates macrophage polarization to induce cardiac repair. JCI Insight 2019; 4:125437. [PMID: 31434807 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can suppress pathological inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the association between MSCs and inflammation remain unclear. Under coculture conditions with macrophages, MSCs highly expressed angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) to blunt the polarization of macrophages toward the proinflammatory phenotype. ANGPTL4-deficient MSCs failed to inhibit the inflammatory macrophage phenotype. In inflammation-related animal models, the injection of coculture medium or ANGPTL4 protein increased the antiinflammatory macrophages in both peritonitis and myocardial infarction. In particular, cardiac function and pathology were markedly improved by ANGPTL4 treatment. We found that retinoic acid-related orphan receptor α (RORα) was increased by inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β, and bound to ANGPTL4 promoter in MSCs. Collectively, RORα-mediated ANGPTL4 induction was shown to contribute to the antiinflammatory activity of MSCs against macrophages under pathological conditions. This study suggests that the capability of ANGPTL4 to induce tissue repair is a promising opportunity for safe stem cell-free regeneration therapy from a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Im Cho
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kang
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Jeon
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Gwang Hyeon Eom
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyang Hee Cho
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Mi Ra Kim
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Meeyoung Cho
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hye-Yun Jeong
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyen Chung Cho
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Moon Hwa Hong
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yong Sook Kim
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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36
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Dikker O, Çetin Dağ N, Şahin M, Türkkan E, Dağ H. The association of angiopoietin-like peptide 4 levels with obesity and hepatosteatosis in adolescents. Cytokine 2019; 125:154802. [PMID: 31419758 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Angiopoietin-like peptide 4 (ANGPTL-4) is an adipocytokine that regulates plasma lipoprotein levels by inhibiting the lipoprotein lipase enzyme. Changes in lipid profile can be seen in obese adolescents. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease may also be a complication of obesity. Based on this information, in this study we aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum ANGPTL-4 levels and obesity and hepatosteatosis in adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 85 volunteer adolescents, 55 of them were obese and 30 of them were normal weight, were included in our study. The adolescents having body mass index (BMI) 95% percentile and over according to age and sex was defined as obese. Thirty patients with grade 2-3 hepatosteatosis in abdominal ultrasound (USG) were included in 'obese adolescents with hepatosteatosis' subgroup and 25 obese cases with no hepatosteatosis in the USG were included in the 'obese adolescents without hepatosteatosis' group. Thirty patients with no hepatosteatosis in the abdominal USG and having BMI in normal percentiles according to their age and sex constituted the 'healthy control adolescents' group. Serum ANGPTL-4 levels were measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Laboratory tests, gender, age and BMI levels were compared statistically between groups. Correlations between ANGPTL-4 and other laboratory parameters were examined statistically in obese adolescent group. RESULTS The BMI, ANGPTL-4, HbA1c, AST, ALT, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, HOMA-IR and insulin levels of the obese adolescent group were found to be significantly higher than the healthy control group (p < 0.05). We found no statistically significant difference in BMI, ANGPTL-4, triglyceride, insulin and HOMA-IR levels among obese adolescents with or without hepatosteatosis (p > 0.05). In all obese adolescent groups and in obese adolescent group with hepatosteatosis; there was no statistically significant relationship between ANGPTL-4 and other variables (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We found that the levels of ANGPTL-4 increases in obesity in adolescents. However, our results make it difficult to establish a relationship between hepatosteatosis and ANGPTL-4. Targeting ANGPTL-4 may be beneficial for the pathogenesis and associated complications of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okan Dikker
- University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nevin Çetin Dağ
- University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Şahin
- Hitit University, Erol Olçok Training and Research Hospital, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Çorum, Turkey
| | - Emine Türkkan
- University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Dağ
- University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
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37
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Oteng AB, Ruppert PMM, Boutens L, Dijk W, van Dierendonck XAMH, Olivecrona G, Stienstra R, Kersten S. Characterization of ANGPTL4 function in macrophages and adipocytes using Angptl4-knockout and Angptl4-hypomorphic mice. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1741-1754. [PMID: 31409739 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m094128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL)4 regulates plasma lipids, making it an attractive target for correcting dyslipidemia. However, ANGPTL4 inactivation in mice fed a high fat diet causes chylous ascites, an acute-phase response, and mesenteric lymphadenopathy. Here, we studied the role of ANGPTL4 in lipid uptake in macrophages and in the above-mentioned pathologies using Angptl4-hypomorphic and Angptl4 -/- mice. Angptl4 expression in peritoneal and bone marrow-derived macrophages was highly induced by lipids. Recombinant ANGPTL4 decreased lipid uptake in macrophages, whereas deficiency of ANGPTL4 increased lipid uptake, upregulated lipid-induced genes, and increased respiration. ANGPTL4 deficiency did not alter LPL protein levels in macrophages. Angptl4-hypomorphic mice with partial expression of a truncated N-terminal ANGPTL4 exhibited reduced fasting plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, and NEFAs, strongly resembling Angptl4 -/- mice. However, during high fat feeding, Angptl4-hypomorphic mice showed markedly delayed and attenuated elevation in plasma serum amyloid A and much milder chylous ascites than Angptl4 -/- mice, despite similar abundance of lipid-laden giant cells in mesenteric lymph nodes. In conclusion, ANGPTL4 deficiency increases lipid uptake and respiration in macrophages without affecting LPL protein levels. Compared with the absence of ANGPTL4, low levels of N-terminal ANGPTL4 mitigate the development of chylous ascites and an acute-phase response in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antwi-Boasiako Oteng
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip M M Ruppert
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lily Boutens
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wieneke Dijk
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xanthe A M H van Dierendonck
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gunilla Olivecrona
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Physiological Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rinke Stienstra
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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38
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Aryal B, Price NL, Suarez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. ANGPTL4 in Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:723-734. [PMID: 31235370 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in circulating lipids and ectopic lipid deposition impact on the risk of developing cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyzes fatty acids (FAs) from triglyceride (TAG)-rich lipoproteins including very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs) and chylomicrons, and regulates their distribution to peripheral tissues. Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) mediates the inhibition of LPL activity under different circumstances. Accumulating evidence associates ANGPTL4 directly with the risk of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review focuses on recent findings on the role of ANGPTL4 in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. We highlight human and murine studies that explore ANGPTL4 functions in different tissues and how these effect disease development through possible autocrine and paracrine forms of regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binod Aryal
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Nathan L Price
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yajaira Suarez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Kharazmi-Khorassani S, Kharazmi-Khorassani J, Rastegar-Moghadam A, Samadi S, Ghazizadeh H, Tayefi M, Ferns GA, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Avan A, Esmaily H. Association of a genetic variant in the angiopoietin-like protein 4 gene with metabolic syndrome. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:97. [PMID: 31164103 PMCID: PMC6549319 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0825-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors that include: abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and glucose intolerance. Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is a circulating peptide that is an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase, a key enzyme in lipid metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of ANGPTL4 gene variants (E40K) with fasting serum triglyceride levels and with cardiovascular risk factors, that included the presence of MetS in 817 subjects recruited from the Mashhad stroke and heart Atherosclerosis Disorders (MASHAD) cohort Study. Method ANGPTL4 genotypes were determined using a TaqMan genotyping based real time PCR method. The association of the genetic variant with the risk of metabolic syndrome and its relationship with lipid profile were determined. Result The frequency of GG, GA and AA genotypes were 96.9, 2.7 and 0.4% in individuals with MetS, and 78.8, 20.8, 0.4%, in those without MetS. The GA genotype of the rs116843064 polymorphism was associated with a lower risk for MetS (e.g., OR in Codominant genetic model: 0.14, 95% CI: (0.06–0.33), p < 0.0001). Subject with an A allele had a higher risk for MetS (OR: 6.72, 95% CI: (3.05–14.82), p < 0.0001). There was a significant difference in fasted lipid profiles across the genotypes for ANGPTL4. Carriers of the AG genotype had higher levels of serum HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and lower TG, compared to the GG homozygotes genotype. Conclusion The G allele at the rs116843064 polymorphic locus of the ANGPTL4 gene was associated with a lower prevalence of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Azam Rastegar-Moghadam
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Samadi
- Metabolic syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamideh Ghazizadeh
- Metabolic syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Tayefi
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Habibollah Esmaily
- Social Determinants of Health Research, Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Kamermans A, Rijnsburger M, Chakraborty A, van der Pol S, de Vries HE, van Horssen J. Reduced Angiopoietin-Like 4 Expression in Multiple Sclerosis Lesions Facilitates Lipid Uptake by Phagocytes via Modulation of Lipoprotein-Lipase Activity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:950. [PMID: 31130950 PMCID: PMC6509157 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by the presence of focal demyelinated plaques. Sufficient clearance of myelin and cellular debris is one of the requirements for proper tissue repair and remyelination. The mechanisms underlying the clearance of such debris by phagocytes are not fully understood, but recent findings suggest a prominent role for lipoprotein-lipase (LPL) in this process. Here, we demonstrate that angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), a potent inhibitor of LPL, is abundantly expressed in astrocytes in control white matter tissue and its expression is markedly reduced in active MS lesions. We provide evidence that ANGPTL4 inhibits the uptake of myelin-derived lipids by LPL-immunoreactive phagocytes. Taken together, our data suggest that the strong reduction in astrocytic ANGPTL4 expression in active demyelinating MS lesions enables phagocytes to adequately clear myelin debris, setting the stage for remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alwin Kamermans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Merel Rijnsburger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ananya Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanne van der Pol
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jack van Horssen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Niki H, Kishimoto Y, Ibe S, Saita E, Sasaki K, Miura K, Ikegami Y, Ohmori R, Kondo K, Momiyama Y. Associations Between Plasma Betatrophin Levels and Coronary and Peripheral Artery Disease. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018; 26:573-581. [PMID: 30518729 PMCID: PMC6545460 DOI: 10.5551/jat.46508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Betatrophin, a recently identified circulating adipokine, affects lipid and glucose metabolism. However, association between plasma betatrophin levels and atherosclerotic diseases, such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD), has not been elucidated. Methods: We investigated plasma betatrophin levels in 457 patients undergoing elective coronary angiography who also had ankle-brachial index (ABI) test for PAD screening. Results: Of the 457 study patients, CAD was present in 241 patients (53%) (1-vessel [1-VD], n = 99; 2-vessel [2-VD], n = 71; 3-vessel disease [3-VD], n = 71). Compared to 216 patients without CAD, 241 with CAD had higher betatrophin levels (median 1120 vs. 909 pg/mL, p < 0.001). A stepwise increase in betatrophin levels was found depending on the number of > 50% stenotic coronary vessels: 909 in CAD(-), 962 in 1-VD, 1097 in 2-VD, and 1393 pg/ml in 3-VD (p < 0.001). Betatrophin levels correlated with the number of > 25% stenotic segments (r = 0.24, p < 0.001). PAD (ABI < 0.9) was found in 41 patients (9%). Plasma betatrophin levels were also significantly higher in 41 patients with PAD than in 416 without PAD (1354 vs. 981 pg/mL, p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, betatrophin levels were not a factor for CAD, but they were a significant factor for 3-VD and PAD independent of atherosclerotic risk factors. The odds ratios for 3-VD and PAD were 1.06 (95%CI = 1.01–1.11) and 1.07 (95%CI = 1.01–1.13) for a 100-pg/mL increase in betatrophin levels, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Plasma betatrophin levels were associated with the presence and severity of CAD and PAD, suggesting betatrophin has a role in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Niki
- Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center
| | - Yoshimi Kishimoto
- Endowed Research Department "Food for Health", Ochanomizu University
| | - Susumu Ibe
- Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center
| | - Emi Saita
- Endowed Research Department "Food for Health", Ochanomizu University
| | - Kenji Sasaki
- Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center
| | - Kotaro Miura
- Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center
| | - Yukinori Ikegami
- Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center
| | - Reiko Ohmori
- Faculty of Regional Design, Utsunomiya University
| | - Kazuo Kondo
- Endowed Research Department "Food for Health", Ochanomizu University.,Institute of Life Innovation Studies, Toyo University
| | - Yukihiko Momiyama
- Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center
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42
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Yang Q, Yin RX, Cao XL, Huang F, Zhou YJ, Chen WX. ANGPTL4 variants and their haplotypes are associated with serum lipid levels, the risk of coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke and atorvastatin cholesterol-lowering responses. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:70. [PMID: 30323852 PMCID: PMC6173870 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess the association between the angiopoietin-like protein 4 gene (ANGPTL4) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and serum lipid levels, the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic stroke (IS), and response to atorvastatin therapy in a Southern Chinese Han population. Methods Genotypes of the ANGPTL4 rs4076317, rs7255436, rs1044250 and rs2967605 SNPs in 1,654 unrelated subjects (CAD, 568; IS, 537; and controls, 549) were determined by the Snapshot technology. Another group of 724 hyperlipidemic patients was selected and treated with atorvastatin calcium tablet 20 mg/day for 8 weeks. Results The rs2967605 CT/TT genotypes were associated with a decreased risk of CAD (adjusted OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.47-0.99, P = 0.043 for CT/TT vs. CC) and IS (adjusted OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.38-0.80, P = 0.020 for CT/TT vs. CC). There was no significant association between the four SNPs and angiographic severity of CAD. The subjects with the rs4076317 CG/CC genotypes in controls had higher total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels than the subjects with the GG genotype (P < 0.001; a P < 0.0018 was regarded statistically significant by the Bonferroni correction). The subjects with rs4076317CG/GG genotypes had lower TC and LDL-C levels than the subjects with CC genotype after atorvastatin treatment (P < 0.001). Conclusions The observed associations suggest that the ANGPTL4 variants have a potential role on serum lipid levels and atherosclerosis-related diseases in the Chinese Han population, especially the ANGPTL4 rs4076317 and rs2967605 SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- 1Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xing Yin
- 1Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Cao
- 2Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Huang
- 1Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jiang Zhou
- 1Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi People's Republic of China
| | - Wu-Xian Chen
- 1Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi People's Republic of China
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Theofilatos D, Fotakis P, Valanti E, Sanoudou D, Zannis V, Kardassis D. HDL-apoA-I induces the expression of angiopoietin like 4 (ANGPTL4) in endothelial cells via a PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway. Metabolism 2018; 87:36-47. [PMID: 29928895 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and its main protein component, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), have numerous atheroprotective functions on various tissues including the endothelium. Therapies based on reconstituted HDL containing apoA-I (rHDL-apoA-I) have been used successfully in patients with acute coronary syndrome, peripheral vascular disease or diabetes but very little is known about the genomic effects of rHDL-apoA-I and how they could contribute to atheroprotection. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to understand the endothelial signaling pathways and the genes that may contribute to rHDL-apoA-I-mediated atheroprotection. METHODS Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were treated with rHDL-apoA-I and their total RNA was analyzed with whole genome microarrays. Validation of microarray data was performed using multiplex RT-qPCR. The expression of ANGPTL4 in EA.hy926 endothelial cells was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The contribution of signaling kinases and transcription factors in ANGPTL4 gene regulation by HDL-apoA-I was assessed by RT-qPCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence using chemical inhibitors or siRNA-mediated gene silencing. RESULTS It was found that 410 transcripts were significantly changed in the presence of rHDL-apoA-I and that angiopoietin like 4 (ANGPTL4) was one of the most upregulated and biologically relevant molecules. In validation experiments rHDL-apoA-I, as well as natural HDL from human healthy donors or from transgenic mice overexpressing human apoA-I (TgHDL-apoA-I), increased ANGPTL4 mRNA and protein levels. ANGPTL4 gene induction by HDL was direct and was blocked in the presence of inhibitors for the AKT or the p38 MAP kinases. TgHDL-apoA-I caused phosphorylation of the transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) and its translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Importantly, a FOXO1 inhibitor or a FOXO1-specific siRNA enhanced ANGPTL4 expression, whereas administration of TgHDL-apoA-I in the presence of the FOXO1 inhibitor or the FOXO1-specific siRNA did not induce further ANGPTL4 expression. These data suggest that FOXO1 functions as an inhibitor of ANGPTL4, while HDL-apoA-I blocks FOXO1 activity and induces ANGPTL4 through the activation of AKT. CONCLUSION Our data provide novel insights into the global molecular effects of HDL-apoA-I on endothelial cells and identify ANGPTL4 as a putative mediator of the atheroprotective functions of HDL-apoA-I on the artery wall, with notable therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Theofilatos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology of Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Fotakis
- Section of Molecular Genetics, Boston University Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Efi Valanti
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina Sanoudou
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, "Attikon" Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Zannis
- Section of Molecular Genetics, Boston University Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Dimitris Kardassis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology of Hellas, Heraklion, Greece.
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Enzyme-modified non-oxidized LDL (ELDL) induces human coronary artery smooth muscle cell transformation to a migratory and osteoblast-like phenotype. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11954. [PMID: 30097618 PMCID: PMC6086911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30073-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme modified non-oxidative LDL (ELDL) is effectively taken up by vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) and mediates transition into foam cells and produces phenotypic changes in SMC function. Our data show that incubation of human coronary artery SMC (HCASMC) with low concentration of ELDL (10 μg/ml) results in significantly enhanced foam cell formation compared to oxidized LDL (200 μg/ml; p < 0.01) or native LDL (200 μg/ml; p < 0.01). Bioinformatic network analysis identified activation of p38 MAPK, NFkB, ERK as top canonical pathways relevant for biological processes linked to cell migration and osteoblastic differentiation in ELDL-treated cells. Functional studies confirmed increased migration of HCASMC upon stimulation with ELDL (10 μg/ml) or Angiopoietin like protein 4, (ANGPTL4, 5 μg/ml), and gain in osteoblastic gene profile with significant increase in mRNA levels for DMP-1, ALPL, RUNX2, OPN/SPP1, osterix/SP7, BMP and reduction in mRNA for MGP and ENPP1. Enhanced calcification of HCASMC by ELDL was demonstrated by Alizarin Red staining. In summary, ELDL is highly potent in inducing foam cells in HCASMC and mediates a phenotypic switch with enhanced migration and osteoblastic gene profile. These results point to the potential of ELDL to induce migratory and osteoblastic effects in human smooth muscle cells with potential implications for migration and calcification of SMCs in human atherosclerosis.
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Altun Ö, Dikker O, Arman Y, Ugurlukisi B, Kutlu O, Ozgun Cil E, Aydin Yoldemir S, Akarsu M, Ozcan M, Kalyon S, Ozsoy N, Tükek T. Serum Angiopoietin-like peptide 4 levels in patients with hepatic steatosis. Cytokine 2018; 111:496-499. [PMID: 29908922 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Angiopoietin-like peptide 4 (ANGPTL-4) plays an important role in lipid metabolism by inhibiting the enzyme lipoprotein lipase. This effect of ANGPTL-4 results in suppression of the release of plasma triglyceride-derived fatty acids. Increase in fatty acid levels entering to the liver and abnormalities in their secretion is one of the main mechanisms in pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of ANGPTL-4 in pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis by determining its levels in patients with fatty liver disease. METHODS Totally 51 patients (age: 37.9 ± 9.9 years, M/F) diagnosed with grade 2-3 hepatic steatosis with ultrasound and 30 healthy volunteers (age: 34.8 ± 9.5 years, M/F) were included in the study. In both groups, routine biochemical tests including fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin levels, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT levels were measured together with the ANGPTL-4 levels. In determination of ANGPTL-4 levels, ELISA was performed. RESULTS When compared with the control group, ANGPTL-4 levels were determined to be decreased in patients with hepatic steatosis (369 ± 243 vs 303 ± 286 ng/mL, p = 0.014). There was a negative weak correlation observed between ANGPTL-4 and triglyceride levels (r = -0.246, p = 0.027). Among all groups, when patients with and without insulin resistance were compared; ANGPTL-4 levels were determined to be similar. While fasting blood glucose levels were similar between 2 groups; fasting insulin and triglyceride levels were determined to be increased in hepatic steatosis group (Insulin 17.7 ± 12 vs 7.4 ± 3.3 µIU/mL, p < 0.001, triglyceride 158 ± 46.4 vs 118 ± 59.8 mg/dL p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We have determined lower serum ANGPTL-4 levels in patients with hepatic steatosis. ANGPTL-4 that is regulating LPL activity plays an important role in fatty liver disease pathogenesis via free fatty acid metabolism and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta (PPAR-δ). We believe that the results of this study would elucidate the investigations about the mechanism of fatty liver disease development and treatments targeting ANGPTL-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Altun
- Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Internal Medicine Department, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Okan Dikker
- Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Medical Biochemistry Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yücel Arman
- Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Internal Medicine Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilal Ugurlukisi
- Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Internal Medicine Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Orkide Kutlu
- Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Internal Medicine Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eylem Ozgun Cil
- Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Internal Medicine Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sengul Aydin Yoldemir
- Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Internal Medicine Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Akarsu
- Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Internal Medicine Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozcan
- Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Internal Medicine Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semih Kalyon
- Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Internal Medicine Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Ozsoy
- Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Internal Medicine Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tufan Tükek
- Istanbul University, Internal Medicine Department, İstanbul, Turkey
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Olshan DS, Rader DJ. Angiopoietin-like protein 4: A therapeutic target for triglycerides and coronary disease? J Clin Lipidol 2018; 12:583-587. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Singh AK, Aryal B, Chaube B, Rotllan N, Varela L, Horvath TL, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. Brown adipose tissue derived ANGPTL4 controls glucose and lipid metabolism and regulates thermogenesis. Mol Metab 2018; 11:59-69. [PMID: 29627378 PMCID: PMC6001401 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Brown adipose tissue (BAT) controls triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) catabolism. This process is mediated by the lipoprotein lipase (LPL), an enzyme that catalyzed the hydrolysis of triglyceride (TAG) in glycerol and fatty acids (FA), which are burned to generate heat. LPL activity is regulated by angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), a secretory protein produced in adipose tissues (AT), liver, kidney, and muscle. While the role of ANGPTL4 in regulating lipoprotein metabolism is well established, the specific contribution of BAT derived ANGPTL4 in controlling lipid and glucose homeostasis is not well understood. Methods and results We generated a novel mouse model lacking ANGPTL4 specifically in brown adipose tissue (BAT-KO). Here, we report that specific deletion of ANGPTL4 in BAT results in enhanced LPL activity, circulating TAG clearance and thermogenesis. Absence of ANGPTL4 in BAT increased FA oxidation and reduced FA synthesis. Importantly, we observed that absence of ANGPTL4 in BAT leads to a remarkable improvement in glucose tolerance in short-term HFD feeding. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate an important role of BAT derived ANGPTL4 in regulating lipoprotein metabolism, whole-body lipid and glucose metabolism, and thermogenesis during acute cold exposure. Absence of ANGPTL4 in brown adipose tissue reduces circulating triglycerides. Loss of ANGPTL4 in brown adipose tissue enhances glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Lack of ANGPTL4 in brown adipose tissue improves thermogenesis in response to acute cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek K Singh
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Binod Aryal
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Balkrishna Chaube
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Luis Varela
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Ye Q, Tian GP, Cheng HP, Zhang X, Ou X, Yu XH, Tan RQ, Yang FY, Gong D, Huang C, Pan YJ, Zhang J, Chen LY, Zhao ZW, Xie W, Li L, Zhang M, Xia XD, Zheng XL, Tang CK. MicroRNA-134 Promotes the Development of Atherosclerosis Via the ANGPTL4/LPL Pathway in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018; 25:244-253. [PMID: 28867683 PMCID: PMC5868510 DOI: 10.5551/jat.40212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of cardiovascular disease, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Previous study revealed that microRNA (miR)-134 promotes lipid accumulation and proinflammatory cytokine secretion through angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4)/lipid lipoprotein (LPL) signaling in THP-1 macrophages. METHODS ApoE KO male mice on a C57BL/6 background were fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol Western diet, from 8 to 16 weeks of age. Mice were divided into four groups, and received a tail vein injection of miR-134 agomir, miR-134 antagomir, or one of the corresponding controls, respectively, once every 2 weeks after starting the Western diet. After 8 weeks we measured aortic atherosclerosis, LPL Activity, mRNA and protein levels of ANGPTL4 and LPL, LPL/ low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1 Complex Formation, proinflammatory cytokine secretion and lipid levels. RESULTS Despite this finding, the influence of miR-134 on atherosclerosis in vivo remains to be determined. Using the well-characterized mouse atherosclerosis model of apolipoprotein E knockout, we found that systemic delivery of miR-134 agomir markedly enhanced the atherosclerotic lesion size, together with a significant increase in proinflammatory cytokine secretion and peritoneal macrophages lipid contents. Moreover, overexpression of miR-134 decreased ANGPTL4 expression but increased LPL expression and activity in both aortic tissues and peritoneal macrophages, which was accompanied by increased formation of LPL/low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 complexes in peritoneal macrophages. However, an opposite effect was observed in response to miR-134 antagomir. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that miR-134 accelerates atherogenesis by promoting lipid accumulation and proinflammatory cytokine secretion via the ANGPTL4/LPL pathway. Therefore, targeting miR-134 may offer a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Ye
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo-Ping Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Hai-Peng Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Ou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Ru-Qi Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Feng-Yun Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Duo Gong
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Chong Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Yan-Jun Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Ling-Yan Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen-Wang Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Xia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan, China
- Address for correspondence: Chao-Ke Tang, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China E-mail:
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Priyanka A, Shyni G, Anupama N, Raj PS, Anusree S, Raghu K. Development of insulin resistance through sprouting of inflammatory markers during hypoxia in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and amelioration with curcumin. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 812:73-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chiglitazar Preferentially Regulates Gene Expression via Configuration-Restricted Binding and Phosphorylation Inhibition of PPAR γ. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:4313561. [PMID: 29056962 PMCID: PMC5625810 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4313561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often treated with insulin-sensitizing drugs called thiazolidinediones (TZD), which improve insulin resistance and glycemic control. Despite their effectiveness in treating diabetes, these drugs provide little protection from eminent cardiovascular disease associated with diabetes. Here we demonstrate how chiglitazar, a configuration-restricted non-TZD peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pan agonist with moderate transcription activity, preferentially regulates ANGPTL4 and PDK4, which are involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. CDK5-mediated phosphorylation at serine 273 (S273) is a unique regulatory mechanism reserved for PPARγ, and this event is linked to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our data demonstrates that chiglitazar modulates gene expression differently from two TZDs, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, via its configuration-restricted binding and phosphorylation inhibition of PPARγ. Chiglitazar induced significantly greater expression of ANGPTL4 and PDK4 than rosiglitazone and pioglitazone in different cell models. These increased expressions were dependent on the phosphorylation status of PPARγ at S273. Furthermore, ChIP and AlphaScreen assays showed that phosphorylation at S273 inhibited promoter binding and cofactor recruitment by PPARγ. Based on these results, activities from pan agonist chiglitazar can be an effective part of a long-term therapeutic strategy for treating type 2 diabetes in a more balanced action among its targeted organs.
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