1
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Zhao Y, Zhang L, Liu L, Zhou X, Ding F, Yang Y, Du S, Wang H, Van Eck M, Wang J. Specific Loss of ABCA1 (ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1) Suppresses TCR (T-Cell Receptor) Signaling and Provides Protection Against Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:e311-e326. [PMID: 36252122 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) mediates cholesterol efflux to apo AI to maintain cellular cholesterol homeostasis. The current study aims to investigate whether T-cell-specific deletion of ABCA1 modulates the phenotype/function of T cells and the development of atherosclerosis. METHODS Mice with T-cell-specific deletion of ABCA1 on low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (Ldlr-/-) background (Abca1CD4-/CD4-Ldlr-/-) were generated by multiple steps of (cross)-breedings among Abca1flox/flox, CD4-Cre, and Ldlr-/- mice. RESULTS Deletions of ABCA1 greatly suppressed cholesterol efflux to apo AI but slightly reduced membrane lipid rafts on T cells probably due to the upregulation of ABCG1. Moreover, ABCA1 deficiency impaired TCR (T-cell receptor) signaling and inhibited the survival and proliferation of T cells as well as the formation of effector memory T cells. Despite the comparable levels of plasma total cholesterol after Western-type diet feeding, Abca1CD4-/CD4-Ldlr-/- mice showed significantly attenuated arterial accumulations of T cells and smaller atherosclerotic lesions than Abca1+/+Ldlr-/-controls, which were associated with reduced surface CCR5 (CC motif chemokine receptor 5) and CXCR3 (CXC motif chemokine receptor 3), decreased antiapoptotic Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) and Bcl-xL (B-cell lymphoma extra-large), and hampered abilities to produce IL (interleukin)-2 and IFN (interferon)-γ by ABCA1-deficient T cells. CONCLUSIONS ABCA1 is essential for T-cell cholesterol homeostasis. Deletion of ABCA1 in T cells impairs TCR signaling, suppresses the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and function of T cells, thereby providing atheroprotection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology (Y.Z., L.Z., L.L., F.D., Y.Y., S.D.), Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology (Y.Z., L.Z., L.L., F.D., Y.Y., S.D.), Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology (Y.Z., L.Z., L.L., F.D., Y.Y., S.D.), Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Immunology (X.Z.), Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Ding
- Department of Pathophysiology (Y.Z., L.Z., L.L., F.D., Y.Y., S.D.), Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology (Y.Z., L.Z., L.L., F.D., Y.Y., S.D.), Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Du
- Department of Pathophysiology (Y.Z., L.Z., L.L., F.D., Y.Y., S.D.), Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongmin Wang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biology & Medical Sciences (H.W., J.W.), Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Miranda Van Eck
- Division of BioTherapeutics (M.V.E.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands.,Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy (M.V.E.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands.,Pharmacy Leiden, the Netherlands (M.V.E.)
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biology & Medical Sciences (H.W., J.W.), Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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2
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Bi X, Stankov S, Lee PC, Wang Z, Wu X, Li L, Ko YA, Cheng L, Zhang H, Hand NJ, Rader DJ. ILRUN Promotes Atherosclerosis Through Lipid-Dependent and Lipid-Independent Factors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:1139-1151. [PMID: 35861973 PMCID: PMC9420832 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.317156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common genetic variation in close proximity to the ILRUN gene are significantly associated with coronary artery disease as well as with plasma lipid traits. We recently demonstrated that hepatic inflammation and lipid regulator with ubiquitin-associated domain-like and NBR1-like domains (ILRUN) regulates lipoprotein metabolism in vivo in mice. However, whether ILRUN, which is expressed in vascular cells, directly impacts atherogenesis remains unclear. We sought to determine the role of ILRUN in atherosclerosis development in mice. METHODS For our study, we generated global Ilrun-deficient (IlrunKO) male and female mice on 2 hyperlipidemic backgrounds: low density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LdlrKO) and apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoeKO; double knockout [DKO]). RESULTS Compared with littermate control mice (single LdlrKO or ApoeKO), deletion of Ilrun in DKO mice resulted in significantly attenuated both early and advanced atherosclerotic lesion development, as well as reduced necrotic area. DKO mice also had significantly decreased plasma cholesterol levels, primarily attributable to non-HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol. Hepatic-specific reconstitution of ILRUN in DKO mice on the ApoeKO background normalized plasma lipids, but atherosclerotic lesion area and necrotic area remained reduced in DKO mice. Further analysis showed that loss of Ilrun increased efferocytosis receptor MerTK expression in macrophages, enhanced in vitro efferocytosis, and significantly improved in situ efferocytosis in advanced lesions. CONCLUSIONS Our results support ILRUN as an important novel regulator of atherogenesis that promotes lesion progression and necrosis. It influences atherosclerosis through both plasma lipid-dependent and lipid-independent mechanisms. These findings support ILRUN as the likely causal gene responsible for genetic association of variants with coronary artery disease at this locus and suggest that suppression of ILRUN activity might be expected to reduce atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Bi
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sylvia Stankov
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul C. Lee
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xun Wu
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Li
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yi-An Ko
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Hand
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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3
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Esobi I, Olanrewaju O, Echesabal-Chen J, Stamatikos A. Utilizing the LoxP-Stop-LoxP System to Control Transgenic ABC-Transporter Expression In Vitro. Biomolecules 2022; 12:679. [PMID: 35625607 PMCID: PMC9138957 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
ABCA1 and ABCG1 are two ABC-transporters well-recognized to promote the efflux of cholesterol to apoAI and HDL, respectively. As these two ABC-transporters are critical to cholesterol metabolism, several studies have assessed the impact of ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression on cellular cholesterol homeostasis through ABC-transporter ablation or overexpressing ABCA1/ABCG1. However, for the latter, there are currently no well-established in vitro models to effectively induce long-term ABC-transporter expression in a variety of cultured cells. Therefore, we performed proof-of-principle in vitro studies to determine whether a LoxP-Stop-LoxP (LSL) system would provide Cre-inducible ABC-transporter expression. In our studies, we transfected HEK293 cells and the HEK293-derived cell line 293-Cre cells with ABCA1-LSL and ABCG1-LSL-based plasmids. Our results showed that while the ABCA1/ABCG1 protein expression was absent in the transfected HEK293 cells, the ABCA1 and ABCG1 protein expression was detected in the 293-Cre cells transfected with ABCA1-LSL and ABCG1-LSL, respectively. When we measured cholesterol efflux in transfected 293-Cre cells, we observed an enhanced apoAI-mediated cholesterol efflux in 293-Cre cells overexpressing ABCA1, and an HDL2-mediated cholesterol efflux in 293-Cre cells constitutively expressing ABCG1. We also observed an appreciable increase in HDL3-mediated cholesterol efflux in ABCA1-overexpressing 293-Cre cells, which suggests that ABCA1 is capable of effluxing cholesterol to small HDL particles. Our proof-of-concept experiments demonstrate that the LSL-system can be used to effectively regulate ABC-transporter expression in vitro, which, in turn, allows ABCA1/ABCG1-overexpression to be extensively studied at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexis Stamatikos
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (I.E.); (O.O.); (J.E.-C.)
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4
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Zhao Q, Wang Z, Meyers AK, Madenspacher J, Zabalawi M, Zhang Q, Boudyguina E, Hsu FC, McCall CE, Furdui CM, Parks JS, Fessler MB, Zhu X. Hematopoietic Cell-Specific SLC37A2 Deficiency Accelerates Atherosclerosis in LDL Receptor-Deficient Mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:777098. [PMID: 34957260 PMCID: PMC8702732 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.777098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Our previous study demonstrated that solute carrier family 37 member 2 (SLC37A2), an endoplasmic reticulum-anchored phosphate-linked glucose-6-phosphate transporter, negatively regulates macrophage Toll-like receptor activation by fine-tuning glycolytic reprogramming in vitro. Whether macrophage SLC37A2 impacts in vivo macrophage inflammation and atherosclerosis under hyperlipidemic conditions is unknown. We generated hematopoietic cell-specific SLC37A2 knockout and control mice in C57Bl/6 Ldlr−/− background by bone marrow transplantation. Hematopoietic cell-specific SLC37A2 deletion in Ldlr−/− mice increased plasma lipid concentrations after 12-16 wks of Western diet induction, attenuated macrophage anti-inflammatory responses, and resulted in more atherosclerosis compared to Ldlr−/− mice transplanted with wild type bone marrow. Aortic root intimal area was inversely correlated with plasma IL-10 levels, but not total cholesterol concentrations, suggesting inflammation but not plasma cholesterol was responsible for increased atherosclerosis in bone marrow SLC37A2-deficient mice. Our in vitro study demonstrated that SLC37A2 deficiency impaired IL-4-induced macrophage activation, independently of glycolysis or mitochondrial respiration. Importantly, SLC37A2 deficiency impaired apoptotic cell-induced glycolysis, subsequently attenuating IL-10 production. Our study suggests that SLC37A2 expression is required to support alternative macrophage activation in vitro and in vivo. In vivo disruption of hematopoietic SLC37A2 accelerates atherosclerosis under hyperlipidemic pro-atherogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Allison K Meyers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Jennifer Madenspacher
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Manal Zabalawi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Qianyi Zhang
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Elena Boudyguina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - John S Parks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Michael B Fessler
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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5
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Xu H, Thomas MJ, Kaul S, Kallinger R, Ouweneel AB, Maruko E, Oussaada SM, Jongejan A, Cense HA, Nieuwdorp M, Serlie MJ, Goldberg IJ, Civelek M, Parks BW, Lusis AJ, Knaack D, Schill RL, May SC, Reho JJ, Grobe JL, Gantner B, Sahoo D, Sorci-Thomas MG. Pcpe2, a Novel Extracellular Matrix Protein, Regulates Adipocyte SR-BI-Mediated High-Density Lipoprotein Uptake. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2708-2725. [PMID: 34551590 PMCID: PMC8551036 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the role of adipocyte Pcpe2 (procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer 2) in SR-BI (scavenger receptor class BI)-mediated HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) uptake and contributions to adipose lipid storage. Approach and Results Pcpe2, a glycoprotein devoid of intrinsic proteolytic activity, is believed to participate in extracellular protein-protein interactions, supporting SR-BI- mediated HDL-C uptake. In published studies, Pcpe2 deficiency increased the development of atherosclerosis by reducing SR-BI-mediated HDL-C catabolism, but the biological impact of this deficiency on adipocyte SR-BI-mediated HDL-C uptake is unknown. Differentiated cells from Ldlr-/-/Pcpe2-/- (Pcpe2-/-) mouse adipose tissue showed elevated SR-BI protein levels, but significantly reduced HDL-C uptake compared to Ldlr-/- (control) adipose tissue. SR-BI-mediated HDL-C uptake was restored by preincubation of cells with exogenous Pcpe2. In diet-fed mice lacking Pcpe2, significant reductions in visceral, subcutaneous, and brown adipose tissue mass were observed, despite elevations in plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations. Significant positive correlations exist between adipose mass and Pcpe2 expression in both mice and humans. Conclusions Overall, these findings reveal a novel and unexpected function for Pcpe2 in modulating SR-BI expression and function as it relates to adipose tissue expansion and cholesterol balance in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
| | - Michael J. Thomas
- Pharmacology & Toxicology and
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sushma Kaul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
| | | | - Amber B. Ouweneel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
| | - Elisa Maruko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
| | - Sabrina M. Oussaada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huib A. Cense
- Department of Surgery, Rode Kruis Ziekenhuis, Beverwijk, the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mireille J. Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ira J. Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Mete Civelek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Brian W. Parks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Human Genetics, Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, California
| | - Darcy Knaack
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Rebecca L. Schill
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sarah C. May
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - John J. Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core
| | - Justin L. Grobe
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Benjamin Gantner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
| | - Daisy Sahoo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
- Pharmacology & Toxicology and
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Mary G. Sorci-Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
- Pharmacology & Toxicology and
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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6
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Larsen LE, van den Boogert MAW, Rios-Ocampo WA, Jansen JC, Conlon D, Chong PLE, Levels JHM, Eilers RE, Sachdev VV, Zelcer N, Raabe T, He M, Hand NJ, Drenth JPH, Rader DJ, Stroes ESG, Lefeber DJ, Jonker JW, Holleboom AG. Defective Lipid Droplet-Lysosome Interaction Causes Fatty Liver Disease as Evidenced by Human Mutations in TMEM199 and CCDC115. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:583-597. [PMID: 34626841 PMCID: PMC8688563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Recently, novel inborn errors of metabolism were identified because of mutations in V-ATPase assembly factors TMEM199 and CCDC115. Patients are characterized by generalized protein glycosylation defects, hypercholesterolemia, and fatty liver disease. Here, we set out to characterize the lipid and fatty liver phenotype in human plasma, cell models, and a mouse model. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with TMEM199 and CCDC115 mutations displayed hyperlipidemia, characterized by increased levels of lipoproteins in the very low density lipoprotein range. HepG2 hepatoma cells, in which the expression of TMEM199 and CCDC115 was silenced, and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived hepatocyte-like cells from patients with TMEM199 mutations showed markedly increased secretion of apolipoprotein B (apoB) compared with controls. A mouse model for TMEM199 deficiency with a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in of the human A7E mutation had marked hepatic steatosis on chow diet. Plasma N-glycans were hypogalactosylated, consistent with the patient phenotype, but no clear plasma lipid abnormalities were observed in the mouse model. In the siTMEM199 and siCCDC115 HepG2 hepatocyte models, increased numbers and size of lipid droplets were observed, including abnormally large lipid droplets, which colocalized with lysosomes. Excessive de novo lipogenesis, failing oxidative capacity, and elevated lipid uptake were not observed. Further investigation of lysosomal function revealed impaired acidification combined with impaired autophagic capacity. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the hypercholesterolemia in TMEM199 and CCDC115 deficiency is due to increased secretion of apoB-containing particles. This may in turn be secondary to the hepatic steatosis observed in these patients as well as in the mouse model. Mechanistically, we observed impaired lysosomal function characterized by reduced acidification, autophagy, and increased lysosomal lipid accumulation. These findings could explain the hepatic steatosis seen in patients and highlight the importance of lipophagy in fatty liver disease. Because this pathway remains understudied and its regulation is largely untargeted, further exploration of this pathway may offer novel strategies for therapeutic interventions to reduce lipotoxicity in fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars E Larsen
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wilson A Rios-Ocampo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos C Jansen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Donna Conlon
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick L E Chong
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Han M Levels
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roos E Eilers
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vinay V Sachdev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Noam Zelcer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Raabe
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicholas J Hand
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joost P H Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David J Rader
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric S G Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Lefeber
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W Jonker
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan G Holleboom
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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7
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Behl T, Sehgal A, Grover M, Singh S, Sharma N, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Aleya L, Bungau S. Uncurtaining the pivotal role of ABC transporters in diabetes mellitus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:41533-41551. [PMID: 34085197 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic disorders are the edge points for the initiation of various diseases. These disorders comprised of several diseases including diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular complications. Worldwide, the prevalence of these disorders is increasing day by day. The world's population is at higher threat of developing metabolic disease, especially diabetes. Therefore, there is an impregnable necessity of searching for a newer therapeutic target to reduce the burden of these disorders. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is marked with the dysregulated insulin secretion and resistance. The lipid and glucose transporters portray a pivotal role in the metabolism and transport of both of these. The excess production of lipid and glucose and decreased clearance of these leads to the emergence of DM. The ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCT) are important for the metabolism of glucose and lipid. Various studies suggest the key involvement of ABCT in the pathologic process of different diseases. In addition, the involvement of other pathways, including IGF signaling, P13-Akt/PKC/MAPK signaling, and GLP-1 via regulation of ABCT, may help develop new treatment strategies to cope with insulin resistance dysregulated glucose metabolism, key features in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Madhuri Grover
- BS Anangpuria Institute of Pharmacy, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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8
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Ouweneel AB, Zhao Y, Calpe-Berdiel L, Lammers B, Hoekstra M, Van Berkel TJC, Van Eck M. Impact of bone marrow ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 deficiency on atherogenesis is independent of the presence of the low-density lipoprotein receptor. Atherosclerosis 2021; 319:79-85. [PMID: 33494008 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is extensive evidence from bone marrow transplantation studies that hematopoietic ATP binding cassette A1 (Abca1) is atheroprotective in low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr) deficient mice. In contrast, studies using lysosyme M promoter-driven deletion of Abca1 in Ldlr deficient mice failed to show similar effects. It was hypothesized that the discrepancy between these studies might be due to the presence of Ldlr in bone marrow-derived cells in the transplantation model. In this study, we aim to determine the contribution of Ldlr to the atheroprotective effect of hematopoietic Abca1 in the murine bone marrow transplantation model. METHODS Wild-type, Ldlr-/-, Abca1-/-, and Abca1-/-Ldlr-/- bone marrow was transplanted into hypercholesterolemic Ldlr-/- mice. RESULTS Bone marrow Lldr deficiency did not influence the effects of Abca1 on macrophage cholesterol efflux, foam cell formation, monocytosis or plasma cholesterol. Ldlr deficiency did reduce circulating and peritoneal lymphocyte counts, albeit only in animals lacking Abca1 in bone marrow-derived cells. Importantly, the effects of Abca1 deficiency on atherosclerosis susceptibility were unaltered by the presence or absence of Ldlr. Bone marrow Ldlr deficiency did lead to marginally but consistently decreased atherosclerosis, regardless of Abca1 deficiency. Thus, Ldlr expression on bone marrow-derived cells does, to a minimal extent, influence atherosclerotic lesion development, albeit independent of Abca1. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel insight into the relative impact of Ldlr and Abca1 in bone marrow-derived cells on macrophage foam cell formation and atherosclerosis development in vivo. We have shown that Ldlr and Abca1 differentially and independently influence atherosclerosis development in a murine bone marrow transplantation model of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber B Ouweneel
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Ying Zhao
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Calpe-Berdiel
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Lammers
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Menno Hoekstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Theo J C Van Berkel
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda Van Eck
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
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9
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Rasheed A, Shawky SA, Tsai R, Jung RG, Simard T, Saikali MF, Hibbert B, Rayner KJ, Cummins CL. The secretome of liver X receptor agonist-treated early outgrowth cells decreases atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:479-491. [PMID: 33231376 PMCID: PMC7900590 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) promote the maintenance of the endothelium by secreting vasoreparative factors. A population of EPCs known as early outgrowth cells (EOCs) is being investigated as novel cell‐based therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. We previously demonstrated that the absence of liver X receptors (LXRs) is detrimental to the formation and function of EOCs under hypercholesterolemic conditions. Here, we investigate whether LXR activation in EOCs is beneficial for the treatment of atherosclerosis. EOCs were differentiated from the bone marrow of wild‐type (WT) and LXR‐knockout (Lxrαβ−/−) mice in the presence of vehicle or LXR agonist (GW3965). WT EOCs treated with GW3965 throughout differentiation showed reduced mRNA expression of endothelial lineage markers (Cd144, Vegfr2) compared with WT vehicle and Lxrαβ−/− EOCs. GW3965‐treated EOCs produced secreted factors that reduced monocyte adhesion to activated endothelial cells in culture. When injected into atherosclerosis‐prone Ldlr−/− mice, GW3965‐treated EOCs, or their corresponding conditioned media (CM) were both able to reduce aortic sinus plaque burden compared with controls. Furthermore, when human EOCs (obtained from patients with established CAD) were treated with GW3965 and the CM applied to endothelial cells, monocyte adhesion was decreased, indicating that our results in mice could be translated to patients. Ex vivo LXR agonist treatment of EOCs therefore produces a secretome that decreases early atherosclerosis in Ldlr−/− mice, and additionally, CM from human EOCs significantly inhibits monocyte to endothelial adhesion. Thus, active factor(s) within the GW3965‐treated EOC secretome may have the potential to be useful for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Rasheed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah A Shawky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ricky Tsai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard G Jung
- Capital Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor Simard
- Capital Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael F Saikali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Hibbert
- Capital Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katey J Rayner
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolyn L Cummins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Ye Z, Lu Y, Wu T. The impact of ATP-binding cassette transporters on metabolic diseases. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:61. [PMID: 32774439 PMCID: PMC7398066 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, many people worldwide suffer from metabolic diseases caused by heredity and external factors, such as diet. One of the symptoms of metabolic diseases is abnormal lipid metabolism. ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters are one of the largest transport protein superfamilies that exist in nearly all living organisms and are mainly located on lipid-processing cells. ABC transporters have been confirmed to be closely related to the pathogenesis of diseases such as metabolic diseases, cancer and Alzheimer's disease based on their transport abilities. Notably, the capability to transport lipids makes ABC transporters critical in metabolic diseases. In addition, gene polymorphism in ABC transporters has been reported to be a risk factor for metabolic diseases, and it has been reported that relevant miRNAs have significant roles in regulating ABC transporters. In this review, we integrate recent studies to examine the roles of ABC transporters in metabolic diseases and aim to build a network with ABC transporters as the core, linking their transport abilities with metabolic and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Ye
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cailun Road 1200, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cailun Road 1200, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Tao Wu
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cailun Road 1200, Shanghai, 201203 China
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11
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Stamatikos A, Knight E, Vojtech L, Bi L, Wacker BK, Tang C, Dichek DA. Exosome-Mediated Transfer of Anti-miR-33a-5p from Transduced Endothelial Cells Enhances Macrophage and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Cholesterol Efflux. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:219-232. [PMID: 31842627 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a disease of large- and medium-sized arteries that is caused by cholesterol accumulation in arterial intimal cells, including macrophages and smooth muscle cells (SMC). Cholesterol accumulation in these cells can be prevented or reversed in preclinical models-and atherosclerosis reduced-by transgenesis that increases expression of molecules that control cholesterol efflux, including apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A, member 1 (ABCA1). In a previous work, we showed that transduction of arterial endothelial cells (EC)-with a helper-dependent adenovirus (HDAd) expressing apoAI-enhanced EC cholesterol efflux in vitro and decreased atherosclerosis in vivo. Similarly, overexpression of ABCA1 in cultured EC increased cholesterol efflux and decreased inflammatory gene expression. These EC-targeted gene-therapy strategies might be improved by concurrent upregulation of cholesterol-efflux pathways in other intimal cell types. Here, we report modification of this strategy to enable delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids to cells of the sub-endothelium. We constructed an HDAd (HDAdXMoAntimiR33a5p) that expresses an antagomiR directed at miR-33a-5p (a microRNA that suppresses cholesterol efflux by silencing ABCA1). HDAdXMoAntimiR33a5p contains a sequence motif that enhances uptake of anti-miR-33a-5p into exosomes. Cultured EC release exosomes containing small RNA, including miR-33a-5p. After transduction with HDAdXMoAntimiR33a5p, EC-derived exosomes containing anti-miR-33a-5p accumulate in conditioned medium (CM). When this CM is added to macrophages or SMC, anti-miR-33a-5p is detected in these target cells. Exosome-mediated transfer of anti-miR-33a-5p reduces miR-33a-5p by ∼65-80%, increases ABCA1 protein by 1.6-2.2-fold, and increases apoAI-mediated cholesterol efflux by 1.4-1.6-fold (all p ≤ 0.01). These effects were absent in macrophages and SMC incubated in exosome-depleted CM. EC transduced with HDAdXMoAntimiR33a5p release exosomes that can transfer anti-miR-33a-5p to other intimal cell types, upregulating cholesterol efflux from these cells. This strategy provides a platform for genetic modification of intimal and medial cells, using a vector that transduces only EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Stamatikos
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ethan Knight
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lucia Vojtech
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lianxiang Bi
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Bradley K Wacker
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chongren Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - David A Dichek
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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12
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Wang Z, Sequeira RC, Zabalawi M, Madenspacher J, Boudyguina E, Ou T, Nelson JM, Nie Y, Zhao Q, Fessler MB, Zhu X. Myeloid atg5 deletion impairs n-3 PUFA-mediated atheroprotection. Atherosclerosis 2020; 295:8-17. [PMID: 31978760 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dietary long-chain (≥20 carbons) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) reduce atherosclerosis and enhance macrophage autophagy activation. How macrophage autophagy impacts atherosclerotic progression, particularly when comparing dietary n-3 PUFA supplementation vs. saturated fat feeding, is unknown. METHODS We generated myeloid-specific autophagy-deficient and control mice in the Ldlr-/- background by transplanting bone marrow from myeloid-specific autophagy-related (atg) 5 knockout mice and wild type controls into irradiated Ldlr-/- recipients. After 7 weeks for recovery from radiation, mice were fed an atherogenic diet containing 0.2% cholesterol and 20% calories as palm oil (PO diet), or 10% calories as PO plus 10% calories as fish oil (FO diet) for 16 weeks. RESULTS Compared to PO, FO significantly reduced plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, hepatic neutral lipid, and aortic caspase-1 cleavage, but increased aortic efferocytosis, leading to attenuated atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice receiving wild type bone marrow. Myeloid atg5 deletion had little impact on plasma lipid concentrations and hepatic neutral lipid content, regardless of diet. Myeloid atg5 deletion increased aortic caspase-1 cleavage, decreased aortic efferocytosis and worsened atherosclerosis only in the FO-fed Ldlr-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Deficient myeloid autophagy significantly attenuated FO-induced atheroprotection, suggesting that dietary n-3 PUFAs reduce atherosclerosis, in part, by activation of macrophage autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Russel C Sequeira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Manal Zabalawi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Jennifer Madenspacher
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Elena Boudyguina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Tiantong Ou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Jonathan M Nelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Yan Nie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Qingxia Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Michael B Fessler
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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13
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Stamatikos A, Dronadula N, Ng P, Palmer D, Knight E, Wacker BK, Tang C, Kim F, Dichek DA. ABCA1 Overexpression in Endothelial Cells In Vitro Enhances ApoAI-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux and Decreases Inflammation. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 30:236-248. [PMID: 30079772 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a disease of blood vessels, is driven by cholesterol accumulation and inflammation. Gene therapy that removes cholesterol from blood vessels and decreases inflammation is a promising approach for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. In previous work, we reported that helper-dependent adenoviral (HDAd) overexpression of apolipoprotein A-I (apoAI) in endothelial cells (ECs) increases cholesterol efflux in vitro and reduces atherosclerosis in vivo. However, the effect of HDAdApoAI on atherosclerosis is partial. To improve this therapy, we considered concurrent overexpression of ATP-binding cassette subfamily A, member 1 (ABCA1), a protein that is required for apoAI-mediated cholesterol efflux. Before attempting combined apoAI/ABCA1 gene therapy, we tested whether an HDAd that expresses ABCA1 (HDAdABCA1) increases EC cholesterol efflux, whether increased cholesterol efflux alters normal EC physiology, and whether ABCA1 overexpression in ECs has anti-inflammatory effects. HDAdABCA1 increased EC ABCA1 protein (∼3-fold; p < 0.001) and apoAI-mediated cholesterol efflux (2.3-fold; p = 0.007). Under basal culture conditions, ABCA1 overexpression did not alter EC proliferation, metabolism, migration, apoptosis, nitric oxide production, or inflammatory gene expression. However, in serum-starved, apoAI-treated EC, ABCA1 overexpression had anti-inflammatory effects: decreased inflammatory gene expression (∼50%; p ≤ 0.02 for interleukin [IL]-6, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, and vascular cell adhesion protein-1); reduced lipid-raft Toll-like receptor 4 (80%; p = 0.001); and a trend towards increased nitric oxide production (∼55%; p = 0.1). In ECs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, ABCA1 overexpression markedly decreased inflammatory gene expression (∼90% for IL-6 and TNF-α; p < 0.001). Therefore, EC ABCA1 overexpression has no toxic effects and counteracts the two key drivers of atherosclerosis: cholesterol accumulation and inflammation. In vivo testing of HDAdABCA1 is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Stamatikos
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nagadhara Dronadula
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Philip Ng
- 2 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Donna Palmer
- 2 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ethan Knight
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Bradley K Wacker
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chongren Tang
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Francis Kim
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - David A Dichek
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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14
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Beyond the Foam Cell: The Role of LXRs in Preventing Atherogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082307. [PMID: 30087224 PMCID: PMC6121590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic condition associated with cardiovascular disease. While largely identified by the accumulation of lipid-laden foam cells within the aorta later on in life, atherosclerosis develops over several stages and decades. During atherogenesis, various cell types of the aorta acquire a pro-inflammatory phenotype that initiates the cascade of signaling events facilitating the formation of these foam cells. The liver X receptors (LXRs) are nuclear receptors that upon activation induce the expression of transporters responsible for promoting cholesterol efflux. In addition to promoting cholesterol removal from the arterial wall, LXRs have potent anti-inflammatory actions via the transcriptional repression of key pro-inflammatory cytokines. These beneficial functions sparked an interest in the potential to target LXRs and the development of agonists as anti-atherogenic agents. These early studies focused on mediating the contributions of macrophages to the underlying pathogenesis. However, further evidence has since demonstrated that LXRs reduce atherosclerosis through their actions in multiple cell types apart from those monocytes/macrophages that infiltrate the lesion. LXRs and their target genes have profound effects on multiple other cells types of the hematopoietic system. Furthermore, LXRs can also mediate dysfunction within vascular cell types of the aorta including endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the whole-body benefits of LXR activation with respect to anti-atherogenesis, and that LXRs remain a viable target for the treatment of atherosclerosis, with a reach which extends beyond plaque macrophages.
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Leukocytosis, elevated blood leukocyte levels, is associated with enhanced cardiovascular risk in humans. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) drive leukocyte production in a process called hematopoiesis, which mainly occurs in the bone marrow, and under certain conditions also in other organs such as the spleen. Cholesterol accumulation in HSPCs enhances hematopoiesis, increasing levels of blood monocytes that infiltrate into atherosclerotic plaques. Although HSPC proliferation and monocytosis enhance atherogenesis in several studies, concomitant decreases in LDL-cholesterol levels have also been reported, associated with anti-atherogenic effects. This review focuses on the link between HSPC proliferation, leukocytosis, plasma LDL-cholesterol levels, and atherogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have shown that an acute infection enhances cholesterol accumulation in HSPCs, driving HSPC proliferation, and leading to the expansion of myeloid cells (monocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages). Enhanced hematopoiesis is associated with low plasma LDL-cholesterol levels in animal models and humans, probably because of the increased number of myeloid cells that take up LDL-cholesterol. Despite low-plasma LDL-cholesterol levels, specific patient populations with enhanced hematopoiesis show increased cardiovascular risk. SUMMARY Enhanced hematopoiesis and monocytosis may accelerate atherogenesis. Studies on these processes may lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venetia Bazioti
- Section of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Liu Y, Conlon DM, Bi X, Slovik KJ, Shi J, Edelstein HI, Millar JS, Javaheri A, Cuchel M, Pashos EE, Iqbal J, Hussain MM, Hegele RA, Yang W, Duncan SA, Rader DJ, Morrisey EE. Lack of MTTP Activity in Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocytes and Cardiomyocytes Abolishes apoB Secretion and Increases Cell Stress. Cell Rep 2018; 19:1456-1466. [PMID: 28514664 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abetalipoproteinemia (ABL) is an inherited disorder of lipoprotein metabolism resulting from mutations in microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP). In addition to expression in the liver and intestine, MTTP is expressed in cardiomyocytes, and cardiomyopathy has been reported in several ABL cases. Using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from an ABL patient homozygous for a missense mutation (MTTPR46G), we show that human hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes exhibit defects associated with ABL disease, including loss of apolipoprotein B (apoB) secretion and intracellular accumulation of lipids. MTTPR46G iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes failed to secrete apoB, accumulated intracellular lipids, and displayed increased cell death, suggesting intrinsic defects in lipid metabolism due to loss of MTTP function. Importantly, these phenotypes were reversed after the correction of the MTTPR46G mutation by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Together, these data reveal clear cellular defects in iPSC-derived hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes lacking MTTP activity, including a cardiomyocyte-specific regulated stress response to elevated lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Donna M Conlon
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xin Bi
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katherine J Slovik
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jianting Shi
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hailey I Edelstein
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John S Millar
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ali Javaheri
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marina Cuchel
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Evanthia E Pashos
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jahangir Iqbal
- Department of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Medicine Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Medicine Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Wenli Yang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen A Duncan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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17
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Xian X, Ding Y, Dieckmann M, Zhou L, Plattner F, Liu M, Parks JS, Hammer RE, Boucher P, Tsai S, Herz J. LRP1 integrates murine macrophage cholesterol homeostasis and inflammatory responses in atherosclerosis. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 29144234 PMCID: PMC5690284 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a multifunctional cell surface receptor with diverse physiological roles, ranging from cellular uptake of lipoproteins and other cargo by endocytosis to sensor of the extracellular environment and integrator of a wide range of signaling mechanisms. As a chylomicron remnant receptor, LRP1 controls systemic lipid metabolism in concert with the LDL receptor in the liver, whereas in smooth muscle cells (SMC) LRP1 functions as a co-receptor for TGFβ and PDGFRβ in reverse cholesterol transport and the maintenance of vascular wall integrity. Here we used a knockin mouse model to uncover a novel atheroprotective role for LRP1 in macrophages where tyrosine phosphorylation of an NPxY motif in its intracellular domain initiates a signaling cascade along an LRP1/SHC1/PI3K/AKT/PPARγ/LXR axis to regulate and integrate cellular cholesterol homeostasis through the expression of the major cholesterol exporter ABCA1 with apoptotic cell removal and inflammatory responses. Atherosclerosis is a disease in which “plaques” build up inside the walls of arteries. Plaques consist of a fatty substance called cholesterol, together with immune cells such as macrophages and other material from the blood. Over time, the plaque narrows and hardens the arteries. This restricts the flow of blood to vital parts of the body, which increases the risk of heart attacks, strokes and other severe conditions. Macrophages play an important role in atherosclerosis. At the early stage of the disease, macrophages enter the developing plaques to take up the excess cholesterol. Cholesterol taken up by macrophages needs to be exported out of the cell and sent to the liver for removal. Yet, these processes can go awry. Macrophages can fill up with too much cholesterol and become trapped in the arteries. These cholesterol-laden macrophages can also start dying. These problems enable the plaques to grow and worsen the disease. LRP1 is an important protein present on the surface of many types of cells. In macrophages, LRP1 helps to export excess cholesterol out of the cell, thus lowering the risk of atherosclerosis. LRP1 also reduces cell death in the plaque, which slows the plaques’ progression. Previous research has shown that the region of LRP1 present inside the cell can be modified by the attachment of a phosphate group – a process termed phosphorylation. Whether phosphorylation of LRP1 plays a role in preventing atherosclerosis is not understood. To address this question, Xian, Ding, Dieckmann et al. engineered mice in which LRP1 was unable to get phosphorylated. The results show that phosphorylated LRP1 – but not the non-phosphorylated version – turns on a signaling pathway in macrophages. This pathway increases the expression of a transporter protein that exports cholesterol out of the cell. This reduces the amount of cholesterol that accumulates in macrophages. Lastly, mice with problems with LRP1 phosphorylation developed more severe atherosclerotic plaques with more dying cells present in the affected areas compared to normal mice. These findings show how phosphorylation of LRP1 protects against atherosclerosis. Understanding this process in further detail may help scientists to devise new ways to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunde Xian
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Yinyuan Ding
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Marco Dieckmann
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Li Zhou
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Florian Plattner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Mingxia Liu
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - John S Parks
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Robert E Hammer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | | | - Shirling Tsai
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Dallas VA Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Joachim Herz
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern, Dallas, United States.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern, Dallas, United States
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18
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Ooi BK, Goh BH, Yap WH. Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases: Involvement of Nrf2 Antioxidant Redox Signaling in Macrophage Foam Cells Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112336. [PMID: 29113088 PMCID: PMC5713305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important risk factor contributing to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress that results from excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production accounts for impaired endothelial function, a process which promotes atherosclerotic lesion or fatty streaks formation (foam cells). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor involved in cellular redox homeostasis. Upon exposure to oxidative stress, Nrf2 is dissociated from its inhibitor Keap-1 and translocated into the nucleus, where it results in the transcriptional activation of cell defense genes. Nrf2 has been demonstrated to be involved in the protection against foam cells formation by regulating the expression of antioxidant proteins (HO-1, Prxs, and GPx1), ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters (ABCA1 and ABCG1) and scavenger receptors (scavenger receptor class B (CD36), scavenger receptor class A (SR-A) and lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor (LOX-1)). However, Nrf2 has also been reported to exhibit pro-atherogenic effects. A better understanding on the mechanism of Nrf2 in oxidative stress-induced cardiac injury, as well as the regulation of cholesterol uptake and efflux, are required before it can serve as a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Kee Ooi
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Wei Hsum Yap
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia.
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19
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Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases: Involvement of Nrf2 Antioxidant Redox Signaling in Macrophage Foam Cells Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2017. [PMID: 29113088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112336.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important risk factor contributing to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress that results from excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production accounts for impaired endothelial function, a process which promotes atherosclerotic lesion or fatty streaks formation (foam cells). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor involved in cellular redox homeostasis. Upon exposure to oxidative stress, Nrf2 is dissociated from its inhibitor Keap-1 and translocated into the nucleus, where it results in the transcriptional activation of cell defense genes. Nrf2 has been demonstrated to be involved in the protection against foam cells formation by regulating the expression of antioxidant proteins (HO-1, Prxs, and GPx1), ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters (ABCA1 and ABCG1) and scavenger receptors (scavenger receptor class B (CD36), scavenger receptor class A (SR-A) and lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor (LOX-1)). However, Nrf2 has also been reported to exhibit pro-atherogenic effects. A better understanding on the mechanism of Nrf2 in oxidative stress-induced cardiac injury, as well as the regulation of cholesterol uptake and efflux, are required before it can serve as a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases prevention and treatment.
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20
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Abstract
Apoptosis is an important component of normal tissue physiology, and the prompt removal of apoptotic cells is equally essential to avoid the undesirable consequences of their accumulation and disintegration. Professional phagocytes are highly specialized for engulfing apoptotic cells. The recent ability to track cells that have undergone apoptosis in situ has revealed a division of labor among the tissue resident phagocytes that sample them. Macrophages are uniquely programmed to process internalized apoptotic cell-derived fatty acids, cholesterol and nucleotides, as a reflection of their dominant role in clearing the bulk of apoptotic cells. Dendritic cells carry apoptotic cells to lymph nodes where they signal the emergence and expansion of highly suppressive regulatory CD4 T cells. A broad suppression of inflammation is executed through distinct phagocyte-specific mechanisms. A clever induction of negative regulatory nodes is notable in dendritic cells serving to simultaneously shut down multiple pathways of inflammation. Several of the genes and pathways modulated in phagocytes in response to apoptotic cells have been linked to chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. Our collective understanding of old and new phagocyte functions after apoptotic cell phagocytosis demonstrates the enormity of ways to mediate immune suppression and enforce tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Magarian Blander
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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21
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Kritikou E, van Puijvelde GHM, van der Heijden T, van Santbrink PJ, Swart M, Schaftenaar FH, Kröner MJ, Kuiper J, Bot I. Inhibition of lysophosphatidic acid receptors 1 and 3 attenuates atherosclerosis development in LDL-receptor deficient mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37585. [PMID: 27883026 PMCID: PMC5121611 DOI: 10.1038/srep37585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a natural lysophospholipid present at high concentrations within lipid-rich atherosclerotic plaques. Upon local accumulation in the damaged vessels, LPA can act as a potent activator for various types of immune cells through its specific membrane receptors LPA1/3. LPA elicits chemotactic, pro-inflammatory and apoptotic effects that lead to atherosclerotic plaque progression. In this study we aimed to inhibit LPA signaling by means of LPA1/3 antagonism using the small molecule Ki16425. We show that LPA1/3 inhibition significantly impaired atherosclerosis progression. Treatment with Ki16425 also resulted in reduced CCL2 production and secretion, which led to less monocyte and neutrophil infiltration. Furthermore, we provide evidence that LPA1/3 blockade enhanced the percentage of non-inflammatory, Ly6Clow monocytes and CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ T-regulatory cells. Finally, we demonstrate that LPA1/3 antagonism mildly reduced plasma LDL cholesterol levels. Therefore, pharmacological inhibition of LPA1/3 receptors may prove a promising approach to diminish atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kritikou
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, LACDR, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Maarten Swart
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, LACDR, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mara J Kröner
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, LACDR, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, LACDR, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Ilze Bot
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, LACDR, Leiden University, The Netherlands
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22
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Shewale SV, Brown AL, Bi X, Boudyguina E, Sawyer JK, Alexander-Miller MA, Parks JS. In vivo activation of leukocyte GPR120/FFAR4 by PUFAs has minimal impact on atherosclerosis in LDL receptor knockout mice. J Lipid Res 2016; 58:236-246. [PMID: 27811230 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m072769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)120/FFA receptor (FFAR)4 (GPR120/FFAR4) activation by n-3 PUFAs attenuates inflammation, but its impact on atherosclerosis is unknown. We determined whether in vivo activation of leukocyte GPR120/FFAR4 by n-3 versus n-6 PUFAs is atheroprotective. Leukocyte GPR120/FFAR4 WT or KO mice in the LDL receptor KO background were generated by bone marrow transplantation. Mice were fed one of the four atherogenic diets containing 0.2% cholesterol and 10% calories as palm oil (PO) + 10% calories as: 1) PO, 2) fish oil (FO; 20:5 n-3 and 22:6 n-3 enriched), 3) echium oil (EO; 18:4 n-3 enriched), or 4) borage oil (BO; 18:3 n-6 enriched) for 16 weeks. Compared with PO, mice fed BO, EO, and FO had significantly reduced plasma cholesterol, TG, VLDL cholesterol, hepatic neutral lipid, and atherosclerosis that were equivalent for WT and KO mice. In BO-, EO-, and FO-fed mice, but not PO-fed mice, lack of leukocyte GPR120/FFAR4 resulted in neutrophilia, pro-inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytosis, increased aortic root monocyte recruitment, and increased hepatic inflammatory gene expression. In conclusion, leukocyte GPR120 expression has minimal effects on dietary PUFA-induced plasma lipid/lipoprotein reduction and atheroprotection, and there is no distinction between n-3 versus n-6 PUFAs in activating anti-inflammatory effects of leukocyte GPR120/FFAR4 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil V Shewale
- Departments of Internal Medicine/Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157.,Physiology/Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Amanda L Brown
- Departments of Internal Medicine/Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Xin Bi
- Departments of Internal Medicine/Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Elena Boudyguina
- Departments of Internal Medicine/Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Janet K Sawyer
- Departments of Internal Medicine/Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | | | - John S Parks
- Departments of Internal Medicine/Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 .,Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
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23
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Hoekstra M, Van Berkel TJ. Functionality of High-Density Lipoprotein as Antiatherosclerotic Therapeutic Target. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:e87-e94. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Menno Hoekstra
- From the Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J.C. Van Berkel
- From the Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, The Netherlands
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24
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Penberthy KK, Ravichandran KS. Apoptotic cell recognition receptors and scavenger receptors. Immunol Rev 2016; 269:44-59. [PMID: 26683144 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine recognition receptors are a highly diverse set of receptors grouped by their ability to recognize the 'eat-me' signal phosphatidylserine on apoptotic cells. Most of the phosphatidylserine recognition receptors dampen inflammation by inducing the production of anti-inflammatory mediators during the phagocytosis of apoptotic corpses. However, many phosphatidylserine receptors are also capable of recognizing other ligands, with some receptors being categorized as scavenger receptors. It is now appreciated that these receptors can elicit different downstream events for particular ligands. Therefore, how phosphatidylserine recognition receptors mediate specific signals during recognition of apoptotic cells versus other ligands, and how this might help regulate the inflammatory state of a tissue is an important question that is not fully understood. Here, we revisit the work on signaling downstream of the phosphatidylserine recognition receptor BAI1, and evaluate how these and other signaling modules mediate signaling downstream from other receptors, including Stabilin-2, MerTK, and αvβ5. We also propose the concept that phosphatidylserine recognition receptors could be viewed as a subset of scavenger receptors that are capable of eliciting anti-inflammatory responses to apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen K Penberthy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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25
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Getz GS, Reardon CA. Do the Apoe-/- and Ldlr-/- Mice Yield the Same Insight on Atherogenesis? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1734-41. [PMID: 27386935 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.306874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Murine models of atherosclerosis are useful for investigating the environmental and genetic influences on lesion formation and composition. Apoe(-/-) and Ldlr(-/-) mice are the 2 most extensively used models. The models differ in important ways with respect to the precise mechanism by which their absence enhances atherosclerosis, including differences in plasma lipoproteins. The majority of the gene function studies have utilized only 1 model, with the results being generalized to atherogenic mechanisms. In only a relatively few cases have studies been conducted in both atherogenic murine models. This review will discuss important differences between the 2 atherogenic models and will point out studies that have been performed in the 2 models where results are comparable and those where different results were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey S Getz
- From the Department of Pathology (G.S.G.) and Ben May Institute for Cancer Biology (C.A.R.), University of Chicago, IL.
| | - Catherine A Reardon
- From the Department of Pathology (G.S.G.) and Ben May Institute for Cancer Biology (C.A.R.), University of Chicago, IL
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26
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Westerterp M, Tsuchiya K, Tattersall IW, Fotakis P, Bochem AE, Molusky MM, Ntonga V, Abramowicz S, Parks JS, Welch CL, Kitajewski J, Accili D, Tall AR. Deficiency of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters A1 and G1 in Endothelial Cells Accelerates Atherosclerosis in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1328-37. [PMID: 27199450 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plasma high-density lipoproteins have several putative antiatherogenic effects, including preservation of endothelial functions. This is thought to be mediated, in part, by the ability of high-density lipoproteins to promote cholesterol efflux from endothelial cells (ECs). The ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 and G1 (ABCA1 and ABCG1) interact with high-density lipoproteins to promote cholesterol efflux from ECs. To determine the impact of endothelial cholesterol efflux pathways on atherogenesis, we prepared mice with endothelium-specific knockout of Abca1 and Abcg1. APPROACH AND RESULTS Generation of mice with EC-ABCA1 and ABCG1 deficiency required crossbreeding Abca1(fl/fl)Abcg1(fl/fl)Ldlr(-/-) mice with the Tie2Cre strain, followed by irradiation and transplantation of Abca1(fl/fl)Abcg1(fl/fl) bone marrow to abrogate the effects of macrophage ABCA1 and ABCG1 deficiency induced by Tie2Cre. After 20 to 22 weeks of Western-type diet, both single EC-Abca1 and Abcg1 deficiency increased atherosclerosis in the aortic root and whole aorta. Combined EC-Abca1/g1 deficiency caused a significant further increase in lesion area at both sites. EC-Abca1/g1 deficiency dramatically enhanced macrophage lipid accumulation in the branches of the aorta that are exposed to disturbed blood flow, decreased aortic endothelial NO synthase activity, and increased monocyte infiltration into the atherosclerotic plaque. Abca1/g1 deficiency enhanced lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory gene expression in mouse aortic ECs, which was recapitulated by ABCG1 deficiency in human aortic ECs. CONCLUSIONS These studies provide direct evidence that endothelial cholesterol efflux pathways mediated by ABCA1 and ABCG1 are nonredundant and atheroprotective, reflecting preservation of endothelial NO synthase activity and suppression of endothelial inflammation, especially in regions of disturbed arterial blood flow.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1/deficiency
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1/deficiency
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1/genetics
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/physiopathology
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Regional Blood Flow
- Retinal Neovascularization/genetics
- Retinal Neovascularization/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Tissue Culture Techniques
- Whole-Body Irradiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Westerterp
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.W., P.F., A.E.B., M.M.M., V.N., S.A., C.L.W., A.R.T.), Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center (K.T., D.A.), and Department of Pathology, Obstetrics, and Gynaecology (I.W.T., J.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Section on Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (M.W.); Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical Hospital of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (K.T.); and Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.).
| | - Kyoichiro Tsuchiya
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.W., P.F., A.E.B., M.M.M., V.N., S.A., C.L.W., A.R.T.), Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center (K.T., D.A.), and Department of Pathology, Obstetrics, and Gynaecology (I.W.T., J.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Section on Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (M.W.); Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical Hospital of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (K.T.); and Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.)
| | - Ian W Tattersall
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.W., P.F., A.E.B., M.M.M., V.N., S.A., C.L.W., A.R.T.), Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center (K.T., D.A.), and Department of Pathology, Obstetrics, and Gynaecology (I.W.T., J.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Section on Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (M.W.); Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical Hospital of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (K.T.); and Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.)
| | - Panagiotis Fotakis
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.W., P.F., A.E.B., M.M.M., V.N., S.A., C.L.W., A.R.T.), Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center (K.T., D.A.), and Department of Pathology, Obstetrics, and Gynaecology (I.W.T., J.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Section on Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (M.W.); Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical Hospital of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (K.T.); and Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.)
| | - Andrea E Bochem
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.W., P.F., A.E.B., M.M.M., V.N., S.A., C.L.W., A.R.T.), Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center (K.T., D.A.), and Department of Pathology, Obstetrics, and Gynaecology (I.W.T., J.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Section on Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (M.W.); Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical Hospital of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (K.T.); and Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.)
| | - Matthew M Molusky
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.W., P.F., A.E.B., M.M.M., V.N., S.A., C.L.W., A.R.T.), Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center (K.T., D.A.), and Department of Pathology, Obstetrics, and Gynaecology (I.W.T., J.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Section on Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (M.W.); Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical Hospital of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (K.T.); and Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.)
| | - Vusisizwe Ntonga
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.W., P.F., A.E.B., M.M.M., V.N., S.A., C.L.W., A.R.T.), Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center (K.T., D.A.), and Department of Pathology, Obstetrics, and Gynaecology (I.W.T., J.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Section on Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (M.W.); Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical Hospital of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (K.T.); and Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.)
| | - Sandra Abramowicz
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.W., P.F., A.E.B., M.M.M., V.N., S.A., C.L.W., A.R.T.), Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center (K.T., D.A.), and Department of Pathology, Obstetrics, and Gynaecology (I.W.T., J.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Section on Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (M.W.); Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical Hospital of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (K.T.); and Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.)
| | - John S Parks
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.W., P.F., A.E.B., M.M.M., V.N., S.A., C.L.W., A.R.T.), Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center (K.T., D.A.), and Department of Pathology, Obstetrics, and Gynaecology (I.W.T., J.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Section on Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (M.W.); Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical Hospital of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (K.T.); and Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.)
| | - Carrie L Welch
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.W., P.F., A.E.B., M.M.M., V.N., S.A., C.L.W., A.R.T.), Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center (K.T., D.A.), and Department of Pathology, Obstetrics, and Gynaecology (I.W.T., J.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Section on Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (M.W.); Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical Hospital of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (K.T.); and Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.)
| | - Jan Kitajewski
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.W., P.F., A.E.B., M.M.M., V.N., S.A., C.L.W., A.R.T.), Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center (K.T., D.A.), and Department of Pathology, Obstetrics, and Gynaecology (I.W.T., J.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Section on Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (M.W.); Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical Hospital of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (K.T.); and Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.)
| | - Domenico Accili
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.W., P.F., A.E.B., M.M.M., V.N., S.A., C.L.W., A.R.T.), Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center (K.T., D.A.), and Department of Pathology, Obstetrics, and Gynaecology (I.W.T., J.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Section on Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (M.W.); Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical Hospital of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (K.T.); and Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.)
| | - Alan R Tall
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.W., P.F., A.E.B., M.M.M., V.N., S.A., C.L.W., A.R.T.), Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center (K.T., D.A.), and Department of Pathology, Obstetrics, and Gynaecology (I.W.T., J.K.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Section on Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (M.W.); Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Medical Hospital of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (K.T.); and Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.S.P.)
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington.
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington
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28
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Tang C, Liu Y, Yang W, Storey C, McMillen TS, Houston BA, Heinecke JW, LeBoeuf RC. Hematopoietic ABCA1 deletion promotes monocytosis and worsens diet-induced insulin resistance in mice. J Lipid Res 2015; 57:100-8. [PMID: 26531812 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m064303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-grade chronic inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced insulin resistance. ABCA1 is essential for reverse cholesterol transport and HDL synthesis, and protects against macrophage inflammation. In the present study, the effects of ABCA1 deficiency in hematopoietic cells on diet-induced inflammation and insulin resistance were tested in vivo using bone marrow transplanted (BMT)-WT and BMT-ABCA1(-/-) mice. When challenged with a high-fat high-carbohydrate diabetogenic diet with added cholesterol (HFHSC), BMT-ABCA1(-/-) mice displayed enhanced insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance as compared with BMT-WT mice. The worsened insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance in BMT-ABCA1(-/-) mice were accompanied by increased macrophage accumulation and inflammation in adipose tissue and liver. Moreover, BMT-ABCA1(-/-) mice had significantly higher hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, myeloid cell expansion, and monocytosis when challenged with the HFHSC diet. In vitro studies indicated that macrophages from ABCA1(-/-) mice showed significantly increased inflammatory responses induced by saturated fatty acids. Taken together, these studies point to an important role for hematopoietic ABCA1 in modulating a feed-forward mechanism in obesity such that inflamed tissue macrophages stimulate the production of more monocytes, leading to an exacerbation of inflammation and associated disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongren Tang
- Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Yuhua Liu
- Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Wendy Yang
- Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Carl Storey
- Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Tim S McMillen
- Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Barbara A Houston
- Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Renee C LeBoeuf
- Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
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29
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Lee SD, Tontonoz P. Liver X receptors at the intersection of lipid metabolism and atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:29-36. [PMID: 26164157 PMCID: PMC4546914 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Lee
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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30
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Fond AM, Lee CS, Schulman IG, Kiss RS, Ravichandran KS. Apoptotic cells trigger a membrane-initiated pathway to increase ABCA1. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:2748-58. [PMID: 26075824 DOI: 10.1172/jci80300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages clear millions of apoptotic cells daily and, during this process, take up large quantities of cholesterol. The membrane transporter ABCA1 is a key player in cholesterol efflux from macrophages and has been shown via human genetic studies to provide protection against cardiovascular disease. How the apoptotic cell clearance process is linked to macrophage ABCA1 expression is not known. Here, we identified a plasma membrane-initiated signaling pathway that drives a rapid upregulation of ABCA1 mRNA and protein. This pathway involves the phagocytic receptor brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1), which recognizes phosphatidylserine on apoptotic cells, and the intracellular signaling intermediates engulfment cell motility 1 (ELMO1) and Rac1, as ABCA1 induction was attenuated in primary macrophages from mice lacking these molecules. Moreover, this apoptotic cell-initiated pathway functioned independently of the liver X receptor (LXR) sterol-sensing machinery that is known to regulate ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux. When placed on a high-fat diet, mice lacking BAI1 had increased numbers of apoptotic cells in their aortic roots, which correlated with altered lipid profiles. In contrast, macrophages from engineered mice with transgenic BAI1 overexpression showed greater ABCA1 induction in response to apoptotic cells compared with those from control animals. Collectively, these data identify a membrane-initiated pathway that is triggered by apoptotic cells to enhance ABCA1 within engulfing phagocytes and with functional consequences in vivo.
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31
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Shewale SV, Boudyguina E, Zhu X, Shen L, Hutchins PM, Barkley RM, Murphy RC, Parks JS. Botanical oils enriched in n-6 and n-3 FADS2 products are equally effective in preventing atherosclerosis and fatty liver. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1191-205. [PMID: 25921305 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m059170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Echium oil (EO), which is enriched in 18:4 n-3, the immediate product of fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) desaturation of 18:3 n-3, is as atheroprotective as fish oil (FO). The objective of this study was to determine whether botanical oils enriched in the FADS2 products 18:3 n-6 versus 18:4 n-3 are equally atheroprotective. LDL receptor KO mice were fed one of four atherogenic diets containing 0.2% cholesterol and 10% calories as palm oil (PO) plus 10% calories as: 1) PO; 2) borage oil (BO; 18:3 n-6 enriched); 3) EO (18:4 n-3 enriched); or 4) FO for 16 weeks. Mice fed BO, EO, and FO versus PO had significantly lower plasma total and VLDL cholesterol concentrations; hepatic neutral lipid content and inflammation, aortic CE content, aortic root intimal area and macrophage content; and peritoneal macrophage inflammation, CE content, and ex vivo chemotaxis. Atheromas lacked oxidized CEs despite abundant generation of macrophage 12/15 lipooxygenase-derived metabolites. We conclude that botanical oils enriched in 18:3 n-6 and 18:4 n-3 PUFAs beyond the rate-limiting FADS2 enzyme are equally effective in preventing atherosclerosis and hepatosteatosis compared with saturated/monounsaturated fat due to cellular enrichment of ≥20 PUFAs, reduced plasma VLDL, and attenuated macrophage inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil V Shewale
- Departments of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 Physiology/Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Elena Boudyguina
- Departments of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- Departments of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Lulu Shen
- Departments of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Patrick M Hutchins
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Robert M Barkley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - John S Parks
- Departments of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
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