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Li Z, Williams H, Jackson ML, Johnson JL, George SJ. WISP-1 Regulates Cardiac Fibrosis by Promoting Cardiac Fibroblasts' Activation and Collagen Processing. Cells 2024; 13:989. [PMID: 38891121 PMCID: PMC11172092 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension induces cardiac fibrotic remodelling characterised by the phenotypic switching of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and collagen deposition. We tested the hypothesis that Wnt1-inducible signalling pathway protein-1 (WISP-1) promotes CFs' phenotypic switch, type I collagen synthesis, and in vivo fibrotic remodelling. The treatment of human CFs (HCFs, n = 16) with WISP-1 (500 ng/mL) induced a phenotypic switch (α-smooth muscle actin-positive) and type I procollagen cleavage to an intermediate form of collagen (pC-collagen) in conditioned media after 24h, facilitating collagen maturation. WISP-1-induced collagen processing was mediated by Akt phosphorylation via integrin β1, and disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 2 (ADAMTS-2). WISP-1 wild-type (WISP-1+/+) mice and WISP-1 knockout (WISP-1-/-) mice (n = 5-7) were subcutaneously infused with angiotensin II (AngII, 1000 ng/kg/min) for 28 days. Immunohistochemistry revealed the deletion of WISP-1 attenuated type I collagen deposition in the coronary artery perivascular area compared to WISP-1+/+ mice after a 28-day AngII infusion, and therefore, the deletion of WISP-1 attenuated AngII-induced cardiac fibrosis in vivo. Collectively, our findings demonstrated WISP-1 is a critical mediator in cardiac fibrotic remodelling, by promoting CFs' activation via the integrin β1-Akt signalling pathway, and induced collagen processing and maturation via ADAMTS-2. Thereby, the modulation of WISP-1 levels could provide potential therapeutic targets in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Li
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (M.L.J.); (J.L.J.)
| | - Helen Williams
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (M.L.J.); (J.L.J.)
| | - Molly L. Jackson
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (M.L.J.); (J.L.J.)
| | - Jason L. Johnson
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (M.L.J.); (J.L.J.)
| | - Sarah J. George
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (M.L.J.); (J.L.J.)
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin St, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
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2
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Oliveira-Paula GH, Liu S, Maira A, Ressa G, Ferreira GC, Quintar A, Jayakumar S, Almonte V, Parikh D, Valenta T, Basler K, Hla T, Riascos-Bernal DF, Sibinga NES. The β-catenin C terminus links Wnt and sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathways to promote vascular remodeling and atherosclerosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadg9278. [PMID: 38478616 PMCID: PMC10936954 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg9278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Canonical Wnt and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathways are highly conserved systems that contribute to normal vertebrate development, with key consequences for immune, nervous, and cardiovascular system function; despite these functional overlaps, little is known about Wnt/β-catenin-S1P cross-talk. In the vascular system, both Wnt/β-catenin and S1P signals affect vessel maturation, stability, and barrier function, but information regarding their potential coordination is scant. We report an instance of functional interaction between the two pathways, including evidence that S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) is a transcriptional target of β-catenin. By studying vascular smooth muscle cells and arterial injury response, we find a specific requirement for the β-catenin carboxyl terminus, which acts to induce S1PR1, and show that this interaction is essential for vascular remodeling. We also report that pharmacological inhibition of the β-catenin carboxyl terminus reduces S1PR1 expression, neointima formation, and atherosclerosis. These findings provide mechanistic understanding of how Wnt/β-catenin and S1P systems collaborate during vascular remodeling and inform strategies for therapeutic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H. Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sophia Liu
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alishba Maira
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Gaia Ressa
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Graziele C. Ferreira
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Amado Quintar
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Smitha Jayakumar
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Vanessa Almonte
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dippal Parikh
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tomas Valenta
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Basler
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dario F. Riascos-Bernal
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas E. S. Sibinga
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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3
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Reolizo LM, Williams H, Wadey K, Frankow A, Li Z, Gaston K, Jayaraman PS, Johnson JL, George SJ. Inhibition of Intimal Thickening By PRH (Proline-Rich Homeodomain) in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:456-473. [PMID: 36700427 PMCID: PMC9944393 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late vein graft failure is caused by intimal thickening resulting from endothelial cell (EC) damage and inflammation which promotes vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dedifferentiation, migration, and proliferation. Nonphosphorylatable PRH (proline-rich homeodomain) S163C:S177C offers enhanced stability and sustained antimitotic effect. Therefore, we investigated whether adenovirus-delivered PRH S163C:S177C protein attenuates intimal thickening via VSMC phenotype modification without detrimental effects on ECs. METHODS PRH S163C:S177C was expressed in vitro (human saphenous vein-VSMCs and human saphenous vein-ECs) and in vivo (ligated mouse carotid arteries) by adenoviruses. Proliferation, migration, and apoptosis were quantified and phenotype was assessed using Western blotting for contractile filament proteins and collagen gel contraction. EC inflammation was quantified using VCAM (vascular cell adhesion protein)-1, ICAM (intercellular adhesion molecule)-1, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemotactic factor-1 measurement and monocyte adhesion. Next Generation Sequencing was utilized to identify novel downstream mediators of PRH action and these and intimal thickening were investigated in vivo. RESULTS PRH S163C:S177C inhibited proliferation, migration, and apoptosis and promoted contractile phenotype (enhanced contractile filament proteins and collagen gel contraction) compared with virus control in human saphenous vein-VSMCs. PRH S163C:S177C expression in human saphenous vein-ECs significantly reduced apoptosis, without affecting cell proliferation and migration, while reducing TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α-induced VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 and monocyte adhesion and suppressing interleukin-6 and monocyte chemotactic factor-1 protein levels. PRH S163C:S177C expression in ligated murine carotid arteries significantly impaired carotid artery ligation-induced neointimal proliferation and thickening without reducing endothelial coverage. Next Generation Sequencing revealed STAT-1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) and HDAC-9 (histone deacetylase 9) as mediators of PRH action and was supported by in vitro and in vivo analyses. CONCLUSIONS We observed PRH S163C:S177C attenuated VSMC proliferation, and migration and enhanced VSMC differentiation at least in part via STAT-1 and HDAC-9 signaling while promoting endothelial repair and anti-inflammatory properties. These findings highlight the potential for PRH S163C:S177C to preserve endothelial function whilst suppressing intimal thickening, and reducing late vein graft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien M. Reolizo
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, UK (L.M.R., H.W., K.W., A.F., Z.L., J.L.J., S.J.G.)
| | - Helen Williams
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, UK (L.M.R., H.W., K.W., A.F., Z.L., J.L.J., S.J.G.)
| | - Kerry Wadey
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, UK (L.M.R., H.W., K.W., A.F., Z.L., J.L.J., S.J.G.)
| | - Aleksandra Frankow
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, UK (L.M.R., H.W., K.W., A.F., Z.L., J.L.J., S.J.G.)
| | - Ze Li
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, UK (L.M.R., H.W., K.W., A.F., Z.L., J.L.J., S.J.G.)
| | - Kevin Gaston
- School of Medicine and Biodiscovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK (K.G., P.-S.J.)
| | - Padma-Sheela Jayaraman
- School of Medicine and Biodiscovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK (K.G., P.-S.J.)
| | - Jason L. Johnson
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, UK (L.M.R., H.W., K.W., A.F., Z.L., J.L.J., S.J.G.)
| | - Sarah J. George
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, UK (L.M.R., H.W., K.W., A.F., Z.L., J.L.J., S.J.G.)
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4
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Dong CX, Malecki C, Robertson E, Hambly B, Jeremy R. Molecular Mechanisms in Genetic Aortopathy-Signaling Pathways and Potential Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021795. [PMID: 36675309 PMCID: PMC9865322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic disease affects people of all ages and the majority of those aged <60 years have an underlying genetic cause. There is presently no effective medical therapy for thoracic aneurysm and surgery remains the principal intervention. Unlike abdominal aortic aneurysm, for which the inflammatory/atherosclerotic pathogenesis is well established, the mechanism of thoracic aneurysm is less understood. This paper examines the key cell signaling systems responsible for the growth and development of the aorta, homeostasis of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells and interactions between pathways. The evidence supporting a role for individual signaling pathways in pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysm is examined and potential novel therapeutic approaches are reviewed. Several key signaling pathways, notably TGF-β, WNT, NOTCH, PI3K/AKT and ANGII contribute to growth, proliferation, cell phenotype and survival for both vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. There is crosstalk between pathways, and between vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, with both synergistic and antagonistic interactions. A common feature of the activation of each is response to injury or abnormal cell stress. Considerable experimental evidence supports a contribution of each of these pathways to aneurysm formation. Although human information is less, there is sufficient data to implicate each pathway in the pathogenesis of human thoracic aneurysm. As some pathways i.e., WNT and NOTCH, play key roles in tissue growth and organogenesis in early life, it is possible that dysregulation of these pathways results in an abnormal aortic architecture even in infancy, thereby setting the stage for aneurysm development in later life. Given the fine tuning of these signaling systems, functional polymorphisms in key signaling elements may set up a future risk of thoracic aneurysm. Multiple novel therapeutic agents have been developed, targeting cell signaling pathways, predominantly in cancer medicine. Future investigations addressing cell specific targeting, reduced toxicity and also less intense treatment effects may hold promise for effective new medical treatments of thoracic aortic aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Xue Dong
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Cassandra Malecki
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The Baird Institute, Camperdown, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Robertson
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Brett Hambly
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Richmond Jeremy
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The Baird Institute, Camperdown, NSW 2042, Australia
- Correspondence:
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5
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Bale BF, Doneen AL, Leimgruber PP, Vigerust DJ. The critical issue linking lipids and inflammation: Clinical utility of stopping oxidative stress. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1042729. [PMID: 36439997 PMCID: PMC9682196 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1042729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of an atheroma begins when lipoproteins become trapped in the intima. Entrapped lipoproteins become oxidized and activate the innate immune system. This immunity represents the primary association between lipids and inflammation. When the trapping continues, the link between lipids and inflammation becomes chronic and detrimental, resulting in atherosclerosis. When entrapment ceases, the association between lipids and inflammation is temporary and healthy, and the atherogenic process halts. Therefore, the link between lipids and inflammation depends upon lipoprotein retention in the intima. The entrapment is due to electrostatic forces uniting apolipoprotein B to polysaccharide chains on intimal proteoglycans. The genetic transformation of contractile smooth muscle cells in the media into migratory secretory smooth muscle cells produces the intimal proteoglycans. The protein, platelet-derived growth factor produced by activated platelets, is the primary stimulus for this genetic change. Oxidative stress is the main stimulus to activate platelets. Therefore, minimizing oxidative stress would significantly reduce the retention of lipoproteins. Less entrapment decreases the association between lipids and inflammation. More importantly, it would halt atherogenesis. This review will analyze oxidative stress as the critical link between lipids, inflammation, and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Through this perspective, we will discuss stopping oxidative stress to disrupt a harmful association between lipids and inflammation. Numerous therapeutic options will be discussed to mitigate oxidative stress. This paper will add a new meaning to the Morse code distress signal SOS-stopping oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Field Bale
- Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Washington State University College of Medicine, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Amy Lynn Doneen
- Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Washington State University College of Medicine, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Pierre P. Leimgruber
- Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Washington State University College of Medicine, Spokane, WA, United States
- Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - David John Vigerust
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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6
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Xi Y, LaCanna R, Ma HY, N'Diaye EN, Gierke S, Caplazi P, Sagolla M, Huang Z, Lucio L, Arlantico A, Jeet S, Brightbill H, Emson C, Wong A, Morshead KB, DePianto DJ, Roose-Girma M, Yu C, Tam L, Jia G, Ramalingam TR, Marsters S, Ashkenazi A, Kim SH, Kelly R, Wu S, Wolters PJ, Feldstein AE, Vander Heiden JA, Ding N. A WISP1 antibody inhibits MRTF signaling to prevent the progression of established liver fibrosis. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1377-1393.e8. [PMID: 35987202 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the major risk factor associated with morbidity and mortality in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-driven chronic liver disease. Although numerous efforts have been made to identify the mediators of the initiation of liver fibrosis, the molecular underpinnings of fibrosis progression remain poorly understood, and therapies to arrest liver fibrosis progression are elusive. Here, we identify a pathway involving WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) and myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF) as a central mechanism driving liver fibrosis progression through the integrin-dependent transcriptional reprogramming of myofibroblast cytoskeleton and motility. In mice, WISP1 deficiency protects against fibrosis progression, but not fibrosis onset. Moreover, the therapeutic administration of a novel antibody blocking WISP1 halted the progression of existing liver fibrosis in NASH models. These findings implicate the WISP1-MRTF axis as a crucial determinant of liver fibrosis progression and support targeting this pathway by antibody-based therapy for the treatment of NASH fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xi
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryan LaCanna
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hsiao-Yen Ma
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elsa-Noah N'Diaye
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Gierke
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Caplazi
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meredith Sagolla
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyu Huang
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura Lucio
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Arlantico
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Surinder Jeet
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hans Brightbill
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Claire Emson
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Wong
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katrina B Morshead
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daryle J DePianto
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Merone Roose-Girma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles Yu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lucinda Tam
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Guiquan Jia
- Department of Biomarker Discovery, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Scot Marsters
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Avi Ashkenazi
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Si Hyun Kim
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Kelly
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Wolters
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ariel E Feldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Ning Ding
- Department of Discovery Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Liu D, Zhang M, Tian J, Gao M, Liu M, Fu X, Jin T, Pan J, Chen F, An F. WNT1-inducible signalling pathway protein 1 stabilizes atherosclerotic plaques in apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice via the focal adhesion kinase/mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. J Hypertens 2022; 40:1666-1681. [PMID: 35881419 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The migration, proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are critical for plaque stability. WNT-inducible signalling pathway protein-1 (WISP1), a member of the CCN family of extracellular matrix proteins, can expedite the migration and proliferation of VSMCs. However, its underlying mechanism and relationship with atherosclerosis remain elusive. The relationship between WISP1 and apoptosis of VSMCs has not been determined previously. METHOD In the study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between WISP1 and plaque stability and its related mechanism.ApoE-/- mice were divided following groups: the null lentivirus (NC), lentivirus WISP1 (IvWISP1) and WISP1-shRNA (shWISP1) groups. Immunofluorescence, Oil Red O and Masson's staining of the carotid arteries were performed. Transwell wound healing assay, CCK8 assay, and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining were performed using VSMCs. The levels of WISP1, P38, C-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt (also known as PKB, protein kinase B), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), cleaved caspase3, Bcl2 and Bax were detected by western blotting. RESULTS The relative area of lipids and monocytes/macrophages in the shWISP1 group increased compared with that of the NC group. However, the relative area of smooth muscle cell and collagen in the IvWISP1 group increased compared with that in the NC group. Therefore, WISP1 could stabilize atherosclerotic plaques. Besides, WISP1 accelerate the migration and proliferation of VSMCs via integrin α5β1 and FAK/MEK/ERK signalling pathways. In addition, WISP1 can inhibit the apoptosis of VSMCs via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. CONCLUSION WISP1 not only inhibits the apoptosis of VSMCs via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway but also enhances the migration and proliferation of VSMCs via the integrin α5β1 and FAK/MEK/ERK pathways. Therefore, WISP1 could enhance the stability of atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Ming Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangrui Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinyu Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First medical University, Jinan
| | - Fangna Chen
- Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Fengshuang An
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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8
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Sanabria-de la Torre R, García-Fontana C, González-Salvatierra S, Andújar-Vera F, Martínez-Heredia L, García-Fontana B, Muñoz-Torres M. The Contribution of Wnt Signaling to Vascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136995. [PMID: 35805996 PMCID: PMC9266892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These vascular abnormalities result in a chronic hyperglycemic state, which influences many signaling molecular pathways that initially lead to increased oxidative stress, increased inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, leading to both microvascular and macrovascular complications. Endothelial dysfunction represents the initial stage in both types of vascular complications; it represents “mandatory damage” in the development of microvascular complications and only “introductory damage” in the development of macrovascular complications. Increasing scientific evidence has revealed an important role of the Wnt pathway in the pathophysiology of the vascular wall. It is well known that the Wnt pathway is altered in patients with T2DM. This review aims to be an update of the current literature related to the Wnt pathway molecules that are altered in patients with T2DM, which may also be the cause of damage to the vasculature. Both microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) and macrovascular complications (coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease) are analyzed. This review aims to concisely concentrate all the evidence to facilitate the view on the vascular involvement of the Wnt pathway and its components by highlighting the importance of exploring possible therapeutic strategy for patients with T2DM who develop vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sanabria-de la Torre
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.S.-d.l.T.); (S.G.-S.); (L.M.-H.); (M.M.-T.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Cristina García-Fontana
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.G.-F.); (B.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-958023460 (C.G.-F.)
| | - Sheila González-Salvatierra
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.S.-d.l.T.); (S.G.-S.); (L.M.-H.); (M.M.-T.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Francisco Andújar-Vera
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI Institute), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Heredia
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.S.-d.l.T.); (S.G.-S.); (L.M.-H.); (M.M.-T.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Beatriz García-Fontana
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.G.-F.); (B.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-958023460 (C.G.-F.)
| | - Manuel Muñoz-Torres
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.S.-d.l.T.); (S.G.-S.); (L.M.-H.); (M.M.-T.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Williams H, Brown BA, Johnson JL, George SJ. Use of Mouse Carotid Artery Ligation Model of Intimal Thickening to Probe Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Remodeling and Function in Atherosclerosis. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2419:537-560. [PMID: 35237987 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The thickening of the intima is a critical underlying component of atherosclerosis. Consequently, robust and reproducible animal models of intimal thickening are essential for a greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying the process of intimal thickening and to evaluate new approaches for the reduction of intimal thickening and thereby atherosclerosis. The ligation of the carotid artery in the mouse causes the thickening of the intimal layer of the artery. This model is relatively simple and is reproducible and therefore is a preferred and well-established model of intimal thickening. Here, we detail a protocol for carotid artery ligation in the mouse and methods for histological examination and quantification of intimal thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Williams
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Bethan A Brown
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jason L Johnson
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah J George
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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10
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Yin C, Ye Z, Wu J, Huang C, Pan L, Ding H, Zhong L, Guo L, Zou Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Gao P, Jin X, Yan X, Zou Y, Huang R, Gong H. Elevated Wnt2 and Wnt4 activate NF-κB signaling to promote cardiac fibrosis by cooperation of Fzd4/2 and LRP6 following myocardial infarction. EBioMedicine 2021; 74:103745. [PMID: 34911029 PMCID: PMC8669316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)-induced excessive myocardial fibrosis exaggerates cardiac dysfunction. However, serum Wnt2 or Wnt4 level in AMI patients, and the roles in cardiac fibrosis are largely unkown. Methods AMI and non-AMI patients were enrolled to examine serum Wnt2 and Wnt4 levels by ELISA analysis. The AMI patients were followed-up for one year. MI mouse model was built by ligation of left anterior descending branch (LAD). Findings Serum Wnt2 or Wnt4 level was increased in patients with AMI, and the elevated Wnt2 and Wnt4 were correlated to adverse outcome of these patients. Knockdown of Wnt2 and Wnt4 significantly attenuated myocardial remodeling and cardiac dysfunction following experimental MI. In vitro, hypoxia enhanced the secretion and expression of Wnt2 and Wnt4 in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NRCMs) or fibroblasts (NRCFs). Mechanistically, the elevated Wnt2 or Wnt4 activated β-catenin /NF-κB signaling to promote pro-fibrotic effects in cultured NRCFs. In addition, Wnt2 or Wnt4 upregulated the expression of these Wnt co-receptors, frizzled (Fzd) 2, Fzd4 and (ow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6). Further analysis revealed that Wnt2 or Wnt4 activated β-catenin /NF-κB by the co-operation of Fzd4 or Fzd2 and LRP6 signaling, respectively. Interpretation Elevated Wnt2 and Wnt4 activate β-catenin/NF-κB signaling to promote cardiac fibrosis by cooperation of Fzd4/2 and LRP6 in fibroblasts, which contributes to adverse outcome of patients with AMI, suggesting that systemic inhibition of Wnt2 and Wnt4 may improve cardiac dysfunction after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhishuai Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jian Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chenxing Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Le Pan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huaiyu Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yan Zou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pan Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuejuan Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Yan
- Department of Vascular and Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rongchong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Hui Gong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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11
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Zhang J, Rojas S, Singh S, Musich PR, Gutierrez M, Yao Z, Thewke D, Jiang Y. Wnt2 Contributes to the Development of Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:751720. [PMID: 34901211 PMCID: PMC8652052 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.751720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by the narrowing of the arteries resulting from the formation of intimal plaques in the wall of arteries. Yet the molecular mechanisms responsible for maintaining the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions have not been fully defined. In this study, we show that TGF-β activates the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and this transition is dependent on the key executor of the Wnt signaling pathway in vitro. This study presents the first evidence describing the mechanistic details of the TGF-β-induced EndMT signaling pathway in HAECs by documenting the cellular transition to the mesenchymal phenotype including the expression of mesenchymal markers α-SMA and PDGFRα, and the loss of endothelial markers including VE-cadherin and CD31. Furthermore, a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screening revealed that Wnt2 signaling is required for TGF-β-mediated EndMT of HAECs. Also, we found that LDLR−/− mice fed on a high-fat western-type diet (21% fat, 0.2% cholesterol) expressed high levels of Wnt2 protein in atherosclerotic lesions, confirming that this signaling pathway is involved in atherosclerosis in vivo. These findings suggest that Wnt2 may contribute to atherosclerotic plaque development and this study will render Wnt2 as a potential target for therapeutic intervention aiming at controlling atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Samuel Rojas
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Phillip R Musich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Matthew Gutierrez
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Yao
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Douglas Thewke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
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12
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Lin CJ, Hunkins B, Roth R, Lin CY, Wagenseil JE, Mecham RP. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Subpopulations and Neointimal Formation in Mouse Models of Elastin Insufficiency. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2890-2905. [PMID: 34587758 PMCID: PMC8612996 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using a mouse model of Eln (elastin) insufficiency that spontaneously develops neointima in the ascending aorta, we sought to understand the origin and phenotypic heterogeneity of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) contributing to intimal hyperplasia. We were also interested in exploring how vascular cells adapt to the absence of Eln. Approach and Results: We used single-cell sequencing together with lineage-specific cell labeling to identify neointimal cell populations in a noninjury, genetic model of neointimal formation. Inactivating Eln production in vascular SMCs results in rapid intimal hyperplasia around breaks in the ascending aorta's internal elastic lamina. Using lineage-specific Cre drivers to both lineage mark and inactivate Eln expression in the secondary heart field and neural crest aortic SMCs, we found that cells with a secondary heart field lineage are significant contributors to neointima formation. We also identified a small population of secondary heart field-derived SMCs underneath and adjacent to the internal elastic lamina. Within the neointima of SMC-Eln knockout mice, 2 unique SMC populations were identified that are transcriptionally different from other SMCs. While these cells had a distinct gene signature, they expressed several genes identified in other studies of neointimal lesions, suggesting that some mechanisms underlying neointima formation in Eln insufficiency are shared with adult vessel injury models. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the unique developmental origin and transcriptional signature of cells contributing to neointima in the ascending aorta. Our findings also show that the absence of Eln, or changes in elastic fiber integrity, influences the SMC biological niche in ways that lead to altered cell phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Jung Lin
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Bridget Hunkins
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Robyn Roth
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Chieh-Yu Lin
- Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jessica E. Wagenseil
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Robert P. Mecham
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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13
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Bahie A, Abdalbary MM, El-Sayed DY, Elzehery R, El-Said G, El-Kannishy G, Abd El Wahab AM. Relation of Wnt Signaling Pathway Inhibitors (Sclerostin and Dickkopf-1) to Left Ventricular Mass Index in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients. Int J Nephrol 2021; 2021:2439868. [PMID: 34603797 PMCID: PMC8483936 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2439868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is common in hemodialysis (HD) patients. It predicts poor prognosis. Several inhibitors regulate Wnt canonical pathways like Dickkopf-related protein-1 (Dkk-1) and sclerostin. OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between serum sclerostin, Dkk-1, left ventricular mass (LVM), and LVM index (LVMI) in HD patients. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study including 65 HD patients in our HD unit. Patients were divided into two groups according to LVMI (group 1 with LVMI < 125 gm/m2 (N = 29) and group 2 with LVMI > 125 gm/m2 (N = 36)). Echocardiographic evaluation of the LVM, aortic, and mitral valves calcification (AVC and MVC) was done. Serum levels of sclerostin and Dkk-1 and patients' clinical and biochemical data were recorded. RESULTS Group 2 showed significantly higher age, blood pressure, AVC, and MVC and significantly lower hemoglobin, sclerostin, and Dkk-1 levels. LVM and LVMI had a significant linear negative correlation to both serum sclerostin and Dkk-1 (r = -0.329 and -0.257, P=0.01 and 0.046 for LVM; r = -0.427 and -0.324, P=0.001 and 0.012 for LVMI, resp.). Serum Dkk-1 was an independent negative indicator for LVM and LVMI in multiple regression analyses (P=0.003 and 0.041 with 95% CI = -0.963 to -0.204 and -0.478 to -0.010, resp.). CONCLUSION Serum sclerostin and Dkk-1 were significantly lower in HD patients with increased LVMI > 125 gm/m2, and both had a significant linear negative correlation with LVM and LVMI. Dkk-1 was a significant negative independent indicator for LVM and LVMI in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Bahie
- Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (MNDU), Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdalbary
- Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (MNDU), Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dalia Younis El-Sayed
- Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (MNDU), Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rasha Elzehery
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ghada El-Said
- Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (MNDU), Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ghada El-Kannishy
- Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (MNDU), Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abd El Wahab
- Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit (MNDU), Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
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14
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Williams H, Wadey KS, Frankow A, Blythe HC, Forbes T, Johnson JL, George SJ. Aneurysm severity is suppressed by deletion of CCN4. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:421-432. [PMID: 34080128 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-12021-00623-12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms are frequently treated with high-risk surgery. A pharmaceutical treatment to reverse aneurysm progression could prevent the need for surgery and save both lives and healthcare resources. Since CCN4 regulates cell migration, proliferation and apoptosis, processes involved in aneurysm progression, it is a potential regulator of aneurysm progression. We investigated the role of CCN4 in a mouse aneurysm model, using apolipoprotein-E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice fed high fat diet and infused with Angiotensin II (AngII). Blood pressure was similarly elevated in CCN4-/-ApoE-/- mice and CCN4+/+ApoE-/- mice (controls) in response to AngII infusion. Deletion of CCN4 significantly reduced the number of ruptured aortae, both thoracic and abdominal aortic area, and aneurysm grade score, compared to controls. Additionally, the frequency of vessel wall remodelling and the number of elastic lamina breaks was significantly suppressed in CCN4-/-ApoE-/- mice compared to controls. Immunohistochemistry revealed a significantly lower proportion of macrophages, while the proportion of smooth muscle cells was not affected by the deletion of CCN4. There was also a reduction in both proliferation and apoptosis in CCN4-/-ApoE-/- mice compared to controls. In vitro studies showed that CCN4 significantly increased monocyte adhesion beyond that seen with TNFα and stimulated macrophage migration by more than threefold. In summary, absence of CCN4 reduced aneurysm severity and improved aortic integrity, which may be the result of reduced macrophage infiltration and cell apoptosis. Inhibition of CCN4 could offer a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Williams
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Kerry S Wadey
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Aleksandra Frankow
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Hazel C Blythe
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Tessa Forbes
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Jason L Johnson
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Sarah J George
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
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15
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Williams H, Wadey KS, Frankow A, Blythe HC, Forbes T, Johnson JL, George SJ. Aneurysm severity is suppressed by deletion of CCN4. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:421-432. [PMID: 34080128 PMCID: PMC8222476 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms are frequently treated with high-risk surgery. A pharmaceutical treatment to reverse aneurysm progression could prevent the need for surgery and save both lives and healthcare resources. Since CCN4 regulates cell migration, proliferation and apoptosis, processes involved in aneurysm progression, it is a potential regulator of aneurysm progression. We investigated the role of CCN4 in a mouse aneurysm model, using apolipoprotein-E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice fed high fat diet and infused with Angiotensin II (AngII). Blood pressure was similarly elevated in CCN4-/-ApoE-/- mice and CCN4+/+ApoE-/- mice (controls) in response to AngII infusion. Deletion of CCN4 significantly reduced the number of ruptured aortae, both thoracic and abdominal aortic area, and aneurysm grade score, compared to controls. Additionally, the frequency of vessel wall remodelling and the number of elastic lamina breaks was significantly suppressed in CCN4-/-ApoE-/- mice compared to controls. Immunohistochemistry revealed a significantly lower proportion of macrophages, while the proportion of smooth muscle cells was not affected by the deletion of CCN4. There was also a reduction in both proliferation and apoptosis in CCN4-/-ApoE-/- mice compared to controls. In vitro studies showed that CCN4 significantly increased monocyte adhesion beyond that seen with TNFα and stimulated macrophage migration by more than threefold. In summary, absence of CCN4 reduced aneurysm severity and improved aortic integrity, which may be the result of reduced macrophage infiltration and cell apoptosis. Inhibition of CCN4 could offer a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Williams
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
| | - Kerry S. Wadey
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
| | - Aleksandra Frankow
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
| | - Hazel C. Blythe
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
| | - Tessa Forbes
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
| | - Jason L. Johnson
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
| | - Sarah J. George
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
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16
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Zhao X, Huang J, Mo Z, Wei J, Zhong C, Teng H. Aralia armata (Wall.) Seem Improves Intimal Hyperplasia after Vascular Injury by Downregulating the Wnt3 α/Dvl-1/ β-Catenin Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6682525. [PMID: 34337044 PMCID: PMC8292040 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6682525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to examine the mechanism of Aralia armata (Wall.) Seem (AAS) in improving intimal hyperplasia after vascular injury in rats. Rats with femoral artery injury were randomly divided into three groups: the model group, AAS low-dose group (40 mg/kg), and AAS high-dose group (80 mg/kg). The sham operation group was used as a control group. HE staining was used to observe the changes in femoral artery vessels. Immunohistochemistry was adopted to detect α-SMA, PCNA, GSK-3β, and β-catenin proteins in femoral artery tissue. The CCK-8 test and wound healing assay were employed to analyze the effect of AAS on proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) cultured in vitro. Western blotting (WB) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were used to evaluate the molecular mechanism. AAS reduced the stenosis of blood vessels and the protein expressions of α-SMA, PCNA, GSK-3β, and β-catenin compared to the model group. In addition, AAS (0-15 μg/mL) effectively inhibited the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Moreover, the results of WB and PCR showed that AAS could inhibit the activation of β-catenin induced by 15% FBS and significantly decrease the expression levels of Wnt3α, Dvl-1, GSK-3β, β-catenin, and cyclin D1 in the upstream and downstream of the pathway. AAS could effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration of neointima after vascular injury in rats by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpei Zhao
- Department of Technology, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning 530201, China
| | - Jinchang Huang
- Department of Academic Affairs, Ruikang Clinical Medical College, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Zhenyu Mo
- Department of Academic Affairs, Ruikang Clinical Medical College, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Jiangcun Wei
- Department of Technology, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning 530201, China
| | - Chuanmei Zhong
- Department of Technology, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning 530201, China
| | - Hongli Teng
- Department of Technology, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning 530201, China
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17
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An Update to the WISP-1/CCN4 Role in Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57020100. [PMID: 33498604 PMCID: PMC7911315 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57020100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance refers to the diminished response of peripheral tissues to insulin and is considered the major risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Although many possible mechanisms have been reported to develop insulin resistance, the exact underlying processes remain unclear. In recent years, the role of adipose tissue as a highly active metabolic and endocrine organ, producing proteins called adipokines and their multidirectional activities has gained interest. The physiological effects of adipokines include energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity regulation. In addition, an excess of adipose tissue is followed by proinflammatory state which results in dysregulation of secreted cytokines contributing to insulin resistance. Wingless-type (Wnt) inducible signalling pathway protein-1 (WISP-1), also known as CCN4, has recently been described as a novel adipokine, whose circulating levels are elevated in obese and insulin resistant individuals. Growing evidence suggests that WISP-1 may participate in the impaired glucose homeostasis. In this review, we characterize WISP-1 and summarize the latest reports on the role of WISP-1 in obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Liu D, Wang X, Zhang M, Tian J, Liu M, Jin T, Pan J, Gao M, An F. WISP1 alleviates lipid deposition in macrophages via the PPARγ/CD36 pathway in the plaque formation of atherosclerosis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11729-11741. [PMID: 32851768 PMCID: PMC7579692 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid deposition in macrophages plays an important role in atherosclerosis. The WNT1-inducible signalling pathway protein 1(WISP1) can promote proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells. Its expression is up-regulated in obesity, which is associated with atherosclerosis, but the effect of WISP1 on atherosclerosis remains unclear. Thus, the objective of our study was to elucidate the role of WISP and its mechanism of action in atherosclerosis via in vivo and in vitro experiments. In our experiment, ApoE-/- mice were divided into 5 groups: control, high-fat diet (HFD), null lentivirus (HFD + NC), lentivirus WISP1 (HFD + IvWISP1) and WISP1-shRNA (HFD + shWISP1). Oil Red O staining, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry of the aortic sinuses were conducted. Macrophages (RAW264.7 cell lines and peritoneal macrophages) were stimulated with 50 μg/mL oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL); then, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was measured. Oil Red O staining and Dil-ox-LDL (ox-LDL with Dil dye) uptake measurements were used to test lipid deposition of peritoneal macrophages. WISP1, CD36, SR-A and PPARγ expression levels were measured via Western blotting and ELISA. The results showed that HFD mice had increased WISP1, CD36 and SR-A levels. The plaque lesion area increased when WISP1 was down-regulated, and lipid uptake and foam cell formation were inhibited when WISP1 was up-regulated. Treatment of RAW264.7 cell lines with ox-LDL increased WISP1 expression via activation of the Wnt5a/β-catenin pathway, whereas ROS inhibition reduced WISP1 expression. Moreover, WISP1 down-regulated CD36 and SR-A expression, and Oil Red O staining and Dil-ox-LDL uptake measurement showed that WISP1 down-regulated lipid deposition in macrophages. These results clearly demonstrate that WISP1 is activated by ox-LDL at high ROS levels and can alleviate lipid deposition in atherosclerosis through the PPARγ/CD36 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xuyang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Jingjing Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Ming Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Tao Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Jinyu Pan
- Department of CardiologyShandong Provincial The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
| | | | - Fengshuang An
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesThe State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of CardiologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
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19
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Liu Y, Neogi A, Mani A. The role of Wnt signalling in development of coronary artery disease and its risk factors. Open Biol 2020; 10:200128. [PMID: 33081636 PMCID: PMC7653355 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signalling pathways are composed of a highly conserved cascade of events that govern cell differentiation, apoptosis and cell orientation. Three major and distinct Wnt signalling pathways have been characterized: the canonical Wnt pathway (or Wnt/β-catenin pathway), the non-canonical planar cell polarity pathway and the non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway. Altered Wnt signalling pathway has been associated with diverse diseases such as disorders of bone density, different malignancies, cardiac malformations and heart failure. Coronary artery disease is the most common type of heart disease in the United States. Atherosclerosis is a multi-step pathological process, which starts with lipid deposition and endothelial cell dysfunction, triggering inflammatory reactions, followed by recruitment and aggregation of monocytes. Subsequently, monocytes differentiate into tissue-resident macrophages and transform into foam cells by the uptake of modified low-density lipoprotein. Meanwhile, further accumulations of lipids, infiltration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, and deposition of the extracellular matrix occur under the intima. An atheromatous plaque or hyperplasia of the intima and media is eventually formed, resulting in luminal narrowing and reduced blood flow to the myocardium, leading to chest pain, angina and even myocardial infarction. The Wnt pathway participates in all different stages of this process, from endothelial dysfunction to lipid deposit, and from initial inflammation to plaque formation. Here, we focus on the role of Wnt cascade in pathophysiological mechanisms that take part in coronary artery disease from both clinical and experimental perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Liu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Arpita Neogi
- Yale Cardiovascular Genetics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Arya Mani
- Yale Cardiovascular Genetics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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20
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Karasek D, Krystynik O, Goldmannova D, Cibickova L, Schovanek J. Circulating levels of selected adipokines in women with gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes. J Appl Biomed 2020; 18:54-60. [PMID: 34907726 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2020.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Adiponectin, adipocyte-fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP), and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP-1) are adipokines closely associated with insulin resistance. The aim of the study was to compare their levels in women with gestational diabetes (GDM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and healthy controls and determine their relation to metabolic parameters. METHODS Women with GDM, T2DM and healthy women were included in this cross-sectional study. In addition to adipokines, anthropometric, lipid parameters, markers of insulin resistance and glucose control were assessed in all participants. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls (n = 35) significantly lower levels of adiponectin were detected in women with GDM (n = 50), whereas in women with T2DM (n = 50) higher levels of A-FABP and WISP-1 and lower levels of adiponectin were found. Women with T2DM had also lower levels of adiponectin and higher levels of A-FABP compared to women with GDM. A-FABP and adiponectin were independently associated with levels of triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and C-peptide insulin resistance index. WISP-1 correlated only with waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS Adverse adipokines production reflecting dysfunctional fat tissue is less presented in women with GDM than in women with T2DM, but more expressed compared to healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ondrej Krystynik
- University Hospital and Palacky University, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Third Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Goldmannova
- University Hospital and Palacky University, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Third Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lubica Cibickova
- University Hospital and Palacky University, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Third Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Schovanek
- University Hospital and Palacky University, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Third Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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21
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Sun L, Zhang H, Wang W, Chen Z, Wang S, Li J, Li G, Gao C, Sun X. Astragaloside IV Exerts Cognitive Benefits and Promotes Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Stroke Mice by Downregulating Interleukin-17 Expression via Wnt Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:421. [PMID: 32317974 PMCID: PMC7147333 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke remains a leading cause of adult disability and the demand for stroke rehabilitation services is growing, and Astragaloside IV (As IV), a primary bioactive compound of Radix Astragali : Astragalus mongholicus Bunge (Fabaceae), may be a promising stroke therapy. Methods To access the effect of As IV on adult mice after ischemic stroke, a photochemical ischemia model was established on C57BL/6 mice, which were intravenously administered As IV for three consecutive days later. And then the cognitive benefits and hippocampal neurogenesis were evaluated by Morris Water Maze (MWM) test, Golgi staining, and immunohistochemical staining in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, to find out the underlying mechanism, interleukin-17 (IL-17) knockout (KO) mice were used, through RNA sequence (RNA-seq) analysis and immunohistochemistry. Then the mechanism of neurogenesis promoted by As IV was observed by western blot both in vivo and in vitro. Specifically, As IV, recombinant mouse IL-17A and IL-17F, and Wingless/integrated (Wnt)-expressing virus was administered respectively in neural stem cells (NSCs), and then their diameters and protein expression of Nestin, IL-17, and Wnt pathway relevant protein, were measured in vitro. Results Administering As IV resulted in significant amelioration of stroke-induced cognitive deficits. And more hippocampal neurons with normal morphology, significant increments in the length of the apical dendrites, and the density of their spines were observed in As IV-treated mice. Furthermore, the immunohistochemistry staining of DCX/BrdU and Sox2/Nestin showed As IV could promote hippocampal neurogenesis and NSC proliferation after ischemic stroke, as well as in vitro. For the mechanism underlying, IL-17 expression was downregulated significantly by As IV treatment and knocking out IL-17 was associated with nervous regeneration and synapse repair according to the analysis of RNA-seq. Consistent to As IV treatment, knocking out IL-17 showed some promotion on hippocampal neurogenesis and proliferation of NSCs, with activating Wnt pathway after stoke. Finally, in vitro, NSCs’ diameters and protein expression of Nestin, IL-17, and Wnt pathway were regulated by either administering As IV or inhibiting IL-17. Conclusion As IV stimulates hippocampal neurogenesis after stroke, thus potentially facilitates brain to remodel and repair by downregulating IL-17 expression via Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Heming Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiyang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiangjing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guangyao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changjun Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xude Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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22
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Smith SA, Newby AC, Bond M. Ending Restenosis: Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by cAMP. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111447. [PMID: 31744111 PMCID: PMC6912325 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation contributes towards restenosis after angioplasty, vein graft intimal thickening and atherogenesis. The second messenger 3′ 5′ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays an important role in maintaining VSMC quiescence in healthy vessels and repressing VSMC proliferation during resolution of vascular injury. Although the anti-mitogenic properties of cAMP in VSMC have been recognised for many years, it is only recently that we gained a detailed understanding of the underlying signalling mechanisms. Stimuli that elevate cAMP in VSMC inhibit G1-S phase cell cycle progression by inhibiting expression of cyclins and preventing S-Phase Kinase Associated Protein-2 (Skp2-mediated degradation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Early studies implicated inhibition of MAPK signalling, although this does not fully explain the anti-mitogenic effects of cAMP. The cAMP effectors, Protein Kinase A (PKA) and Exchange Protein Activated by cAMP (EPAC) act together to inhibit VSMC proliferation by inducing Cyclic-AMP Response Element Binding protein (CREB) activity and inhibiting members of the RhoGTPases, which results in remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton. Cyclic-AMP induced actin remodelling controls proliferation by modulating the activity of Serum Response Factor (SRF) and TEA Domain Transcription Factors (TEAD), which regulate expression of genes required for proliferation. Here we review recent research characterising these mechanisms, highlighting novel drug targets that may allow the anti-mitogenic properties of cAMP to be harnessed therapeutically to limit restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark Bond
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-117-3423586
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23
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Unterleuthner D, Neuhold P, Schwarz K, Janker L, Neuditschko B, Nivarthi H, Crncec I, Kramer N, Unger C, Hengstschläger M, Eferl R, Moriggl R, Sommergruber W, Gerner C, Dolznig H. Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived WNT2 increases tumor angiogenesis in colon cancer. Angiogenesis 2019; 23:159-177. [PMID: 31667643 PMCID: PMC7160098 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-019-09688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
WNT2 acts as a pro-angiogenic factor in placental vascularization and increases angiogenesis in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (ECs) and other ECs. Increased WNT2 expression is detectable in many carcinomas and participates in tumor progression. In human colorectal cancer (CRC), WNT2 is selectively elevated in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), leading to increased invasion and metastasis. However, if there is a role for WNT2 in colon cancer, angiogenesis was not addressed so far. We demonstrate that WNT2 enhances EC migration/invasion, while it induces canonical WNT signaling in a small subset of cells. Knockdown of WNT2 in CAFs significantly reduced angiogenesis in a physiologically relevant assay, which allows precise assessment of key angiogenic properties. In line with these results, expression of WNT2 in otherwise WNT2-devoid skin fibroblasts led to increased angiogenesis. In CRC xenografts, WNT2 overexpression resulted in enhanced vessel density and tumor volume. Moreover, WNT2 expression correlates with vessel markers in human CRC. Secretome profiling of CAFs by mass spectrometry and cytokine arrays revealed that proteins associated with pro-angiogenic functions are elevated by WNT2. These included extracellular matrix molecules, ANG-2, IL-6, G-CSF, and PGF. The latter three increased angiogenesis. Thus, stromal-derived WNT2 elevates angiogenesis in CRC by shifting the balance towards pro-angiogenic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Unterleuthner
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Neuhold
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Schwarz
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Janker
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Neuditschko
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harini Nivarthi
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Währinger Straße 13a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilija Crncec
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Servier Pharma, Tuškanova 37, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nina Kramer
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Unger
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Hengstschläger
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Währinger Straße 13a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sommergruber
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1130, Vienna, Austria.,Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, Helmut- Qualtinger-Gasse 2, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Dolznig
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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24
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Lu HS, Schmidt AM, Hegele RA, Mackman N, Rader DJ, Weber C, Daugherty A. Reporting Sex and Sex Differences in Preclinical Studies. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:e171-e184. [PMID: 30354222 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong S Lu
- From the Department of Physiology, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.S.L., A.D.)
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (A.M.S.)
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (R.A.H.)
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Medicine (D.J.R.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.,Department of Genetics (D.J.R.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Christian Weber
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (C.W.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Department of Physiology, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.S.L., A.D.)
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25
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Tang X, Tian J, Xie L, Ji Y. γ-catenin alleviates cardiac fibrosis through inhibiting phosphorylation of GSK-3β. J Biomed Res 2019; 0:1-9. [PMID: 31741464 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.33.20190070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathological change of many cardiovascular diseases. β-catenin has been shown to promote fibrosis. However, the precise role of its homolog γ-catenin in the process of fibrosis remains largely unclear. In this study, we found that the expression of γ-catenin was significantly decreased in angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ)-induced cardiac fibrosis model, contrary to most reports of β-catenin. Overexpression of γ-catenin in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) significantly inhibited the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), whereas knocking down the expression of γ-catenin with siRNA promoted the occurrence of cardiac fibrosis. Mechanistically, γ-catenin could bind to GSK-3β to inhibit the phosphorylation of GSK-3β, therefore preventing cardiac fibrosis. Our study shows that γ-catenin is an important protective factor in cardiac fibrosis, which provides a new potential target for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention and Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative InnovationCenter for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Jiaxin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention and Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative InnovationCenter for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention and Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative InnovationCenter for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention and Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative InnovationCenter for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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26
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Wadey K, Lopes J, Bendeck M, George S. Role of smooth muscle cells in coronary artery bypass grafting failure. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:601-610. [PMID: 29373656 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathology of many cardiovascular diseases. The formation and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries results in angina and myocardial infarction. Venous coronary artery bypass grafts are designed to reduce the consequences of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries by diverting blood flow around the atherosclerotic plaques. However, vein grafts suffer a high failure rate due to intimal thickening that occurs as a result of vascular cell injury and activation and can act as 'a soil' for subsequent atherosclerotic plaque formation. A clinically-proven method for the reduction of vein graft intimal thickening and subsequent major adverse clinical events is currently not available. Consequently, a greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms of intimal thickening may be beneficial for the design of future therapies for vein graft failure. Vein grafting induces inflammation and endothelial cell damage and dysfunction, that promotes vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration, and proliferation. Injury to the wall of the vein as a result of grafting leads to the production of chemoattractants, remodelling of the extracellular matrix and cell-cell contacts; which all contribute to the induction of VSMC migration and proliferation. This review focuses on the role of altered behaviour of VSMCs in the vein graft and some of the factors which critically lead to intimal thickening that pre-disposes the vein graft to further atherosclerosis and re-occurrence of symptoms in the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Wadey
- Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Joshua Lopes
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Michelle Bendeck
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Sarah George
- Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
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27
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Ramaswamy AK, Vorp DA, Weinbaum JS. Functional Vascular Tissue Engineering Inspired by Matricellular Proteins. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:74. [PMID: 31214600 PMCID: PMC6554335 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering specifically, has benefited from a greater appreciation of the native extracellular matrix (ECM). Fibronectin, collagen, and elastin have entered the tissue engineer's toolkit; however, as fully decellularized biomaterials have come to the forefront in vascular engineering it has become apparent that the ECM is comprised of more than just fibronectin, collagen, and elastin, and that cell-instructive molecules known as matricellular proteins are critical for desired outcomes. In brief, matricellular proteins are ECM constituents that contrast with the canonical structural proteins of the ECM in that their primary role is to interact with the cell. Of late, matricellular genes have been linked to diseases including connective tissue disorders, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Despite the range of biological activities, this class of biomolecules has not been actively used in the field of regenerative medicine. The intent of this review is to bring matricellular proteins into wider use in the context of vascular tissue engineering. Matricellular proteins orchestrate the formation of new collagen and elastin fibers that have proper mechanical properties-these will be essential components for a fully biological small diameter tissue engineered vascular graft (TEVG). Matricellular proteins also regulate the initiation of thrombosis via fibrin deposition and platelet activation, and the clearance of thrombus when it is no longer needed-proper regulation of thrombosis will be critical for maintaining patency of a TEVG after implantation. Matricellular proteins regulate the adhesion, migration, and proliferation of endothelial cells-all are biological functions that will be critical for formation of a thrombus-resistant endothelium within a TEVG. Lastly, matricellular proteins regulate the adhesion, migration, proliferation, and activation of smooth muscle cells-proper control of these biological activities will be critical for a TEVG that recellularizes and resists neointimal formation/stenosis. We review all of these functions for matricellular proteins here, in addition to reviewing the few studies that have been performed at the intersection of matricellular protein biology and vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh K Ramaswamy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - David A Vorp
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Justin S Weinbaum
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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28
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Guerri-Guttenberg R, Castilla R, Cao G, Azzato F, Ambrosio G, Milei J. Coronary Intimal Thickening Begins in Fetuses and Progresses in Pediatric Population and Adolescents to Atherosclerosis. Angiology 2019; 71:62-69. [PMID: 31088126 DOI: 10.1177/0003319719849784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of coronary intimal thickening (IT) was assessed in fetuses and pediatric population. We studied the coronary arteries of 63 hearts obtained from fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, deceased from noncardiac disease or trauma. Histomorphometric analysis, planimetry, and immunohistochemical studies were conducted. Intimal thickening consisted of proliferation of smooth muscle cells and scarce monocytes embedded in amorphous deposits within the internal elastic membrane (IEM). Intermingled lesions of intimal hyperplasia and parietal nonstenotic plaques were also observed. Intimal thickening was found in 10% of 20 fetuses, in 33.3% of 18 infants, 73.3% of 15 children, and 100% of 10 adolescents. A significant correlation (r = 0.671, P < 0.001) was found between the extent of IT and age. The IEM was duplicated or interrupted in 43% of patients, showing a positive correlation with the degree of IT (P = 0.01). Intimal thickening was predominantly found near bifurcation sites in the left anterior descending coronary artery (55.6%) and in zones free of bifurcation in the right coronary artery (75%). In conclusion, the prevalence and extension of IT lesions are higher at older ages within a young population. Intimal thickening may be regarded as the first event occurring in coronary preatherosclerosis, preceding lipid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Guerri-Guttenberg
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas (ININCA), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rocío Castilla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas (ININCA), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Cao
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas (ININCA), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Azzato
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas (ININCA), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Giuseppe Ambrosio
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - José Milei
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas (ININCA), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Relationship of serum Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 levels with coronary artery disease and its severity. Coron Artery Dis 2019; 30:542-546. [PMID: 30998609 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) concentrations in circulation with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS A total of 120 consecutive participants who underwent coronary angiography between May 2017 and July 2018 at our center were enrolled. Participants were divided into two groups based on the presence of CAD. Serum WISP1 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the association between variables and the presence of CAD. RESULTS The average age of the study population was 59.8 years, 66.7% were male, and 58.3% were positive for CAD. Serum WISP1 levels were significantly higher in patients with CAD than non-CAD group (339.8 vs. 322.4 pg/ml, P = 0.012). Moreover, a stepwise increase in serum WISP1 levels was observed with the number of diseased vessels (zero-vessel, one-vessel, two-vessel, and three-vessel disease: 322.4, 324.7, 345.4, and 392.1 pg/ml, respectively, P < 0.001) or Gensini score (r = 0.376, P < 0.001). Importantly, serum WISP1 levels were positively associated with the presence of CAD ( β = 1.011, 95% confidence interval: 1.001-1.021, P = 0.026). This association persisted after adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( β = 1.011, 95% confidence interval: 1.000-1.021, P = 0.047). In addition, serum WISP1 concentrations were positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.212, P = 0.020), insulin (r = 0.237, P = 0.009), and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (r = 0.223, P = 0.014). CONCLUSION We demonstrated for the first time that serum WISP1 concentration is associated with the presence and severity of CAD.
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Xiu DH, Liu GF, Yu SN, Li LY, Zhao GQ, Liu L, Li XF. Long non-coding RNA LINC00968 attenuates drug resistance of breast cancer cells through inhibiting the Wnt2/β-catenin signaling pathway by regulating WNT2. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:94. [PMID: 30791958 PMCID: PMC6385430 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is one the most common cancers, making it the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), with tightly regulated expression patterns, also serve as tumor suppressor during tumorigenesis. The present study aimed to elucidate the role of LINC00968 in breast cancer via WNT2-mediated Wnt2/β-catenin signaling pathway. Methods Breast cancer chip GSE26910 was utilized to identify differential expression in LINC00968 and WNT2. The possible relationship among LINC00968, transcriptional repressor HEY and WNT2 was analyzed and then verified. Effects of LINC00968 on activation of the Wnt2/β-catenin signaling pathway was also tested. Drug resistance, colony formation, cell migration, invasion ability and cell apoptosis after transfection were also determined. Furthermore, tumor xenograft in nude mice was performed to test tumor growth and weight in vivo. Results WNT2 expression exhibited at a high level, whereas LINC00968 at a low expression in breast cancer which was also associated with poor prognosis in patients. LINC00968 targeted and negatively regulated WNT2 potentially via HEY1. Either overexpressed LINC00968 or silenced inhibited activation of the Wnt2/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby reducing drug resistance, decreasing colony formation ability, as well as suppressing migration and invasion abilities of breast cancer cells in addition to inducing apoptosis. Lastly, in vivo experiment suggested that LINC00968 overexpression also suppressed transplanted tumor growth in nude mice. Conclusion Collectively, overexpressed LINC00968 contributes to reduced drug resistance in breast cancer cells by inhibiting the activation of the Wnt2/β-catenin signaling pathway through silencing WNT2. This study offers a new target for the development of breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Hui Xiu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Nan Yu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Yun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Feng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
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Henrot P, Truchetet ME, Fisher G, Taïeb A, Cario M. CCN proteins as potential actionable targets in scleroderma. Exp Dermatol 2018; 28:11-18. [PMID: 30329180 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune connective tissue disease combining inflammatory, vasculopathic and fibrotic manifestations. Skin features, which give their name to the disease and are considered as diagnostic as well as prognostic markers, have not been thoroughly investigated in terms of therapeutic targets. CCN proteins (CYR61/CCN1, CTGF/CCN2, NOV/CCN3 and WISP1-2-3 as CCN4-5-6) are a family of secreted matricellular proteins implicated in major cellular processes such as cell growth, migration, differentiation. They have already been implicated in key pathophysiological processes of SSc, namely fibrosis, vasculopathy and inflammation. In this review, we discuss the possible implication of CCN proteins in SSc pathogenesis, with a special focus on skin features, and identify the potential actionable CCN targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Henrot
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, UMR1035, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Rheumatology, National Reference Center for Rare Diseases, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Elise Truchetet
- Department of Rheumatology, National Reference Center for Rare Diseases, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Immunoconcept, UMR 5164, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gary Fisher
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alain Taïeb
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, UMR1035, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Muriel Cario
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, UMR1035, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, National Center for Rare Skin Disorders, Hôpital Saint André, Bordeaux, France
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Brown BA, Williams H, Bond AR, Angelini GD, Johnson JL, George SJ. Carotid artery ligation induced intimal thickening and proliferation is unaffected by ageing. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:529-537. [PMID: 29185213 PMCID: PMC6039339 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Following interventions to treat atherosclerosis, such as coronary artery bypass graft surgery, restenosis occurs in approximately 40% of patients. Identification of proteins regulating intimal thickening could represent targets to prevent restenosis. Our group previously demonstrated that in a murine model of vascular occlusion, Wnt4 protein expression and β-catenin signalling was upregulated which promoted vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and intimal thickening. In this study, the effect of age on VSMC proliferation, intimal hyperplasia and Wnt4 expression was investigated. In vitro proliferation of VSMCs isolated from young (2 month) or old (18-20 month) C57BL6/J mice was assessed by immunocytochemistry for EdU incorporation. As previously reported, 400 ng/mL recombinant Wnt4 protein increased proliferation of VSMCs from young mice. However, this response was absent in VSMCs from old mice. As our group previously reported reduced intimal hyperplasia in Wnt4+/- mice compared to wildtype controls, we hypothesised that impaired Wnt4 signalling with age may result in reduced neointimal formation. To investigate this, carotid artery ligation was performed in young and old mice and neointimal area was assessed 21 days later. Surprisingly, neointimal area and percentage lumen occlusion were not significantly affected by age. Furthermore, neointimal cell density and proliferation were also unchanged. These data suggest that although Wnt4-mediated proliferation was impaired with age in primary VSMCs, carotid artery ligation induced neointimal formation and proliferation were unchanged in old mice. These results imply that Wnt4-mediated proliferation is unaffected by age in vivo, suggesting that therapeutic Wnt4 inhibition could inhibit restenosis in patients of all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Brown
- Bristol Medical School, , University of Bristol, Research Floor Level Seven, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - H Williams
- Bristol Medical School, , University of Bristol, Research Floor Level Seven, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - A R Bond
- Bristol Medical School, , University of Bristol, Research Floor Level Seven, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - G D Angelini
- Bristol Medical School, , University of Bristol, Research Floor Level Seven, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - J L Johnson
- Bristol Medical School, , University of Bristol, Research Floor Level Seven, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - S J George
- Bristol Medical School, , University of Bristol, Research Floor Level Seven, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Majesky
- From the Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, and Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Washington.
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Peterson SM, Turner JE, Harrington A, Davis-Knowlton J, Lindner V, Gridley T, Vary CPH, Liaw L. Notch2 and Proteomic Signatures in Mouse Neointimal Lesion Formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1576-1593. [PMID: 29853569 PMCID: PMC6023756 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective— Vascular remodeling is associated with complex molecular changes, including increased Notch2, which promotes quiescence in human smooth muscle cells. We used unbiased protein profiling to understand molecular signatures related to neointimal lesion formation in the presence or absence of Notch2 and to test the hypothesis that loss of Notch2 would increase neointimal lesion formation because of a hyperproliferative injury response. Approach and Results— Murine carotid arteries isolated at 6 or 14 days after ligation injury were analyzed by mass spectrometry using a data-independent acquisition strategy in comparison to uninjured or sham injured arteries. We used a tamoxifen-inducible, cell-specific Cre recombinase strain to delete the Notch2 gene in smooth muscle cells. Vessel morphometric analysis and immunohistochemical staining were used to characterize lesion formation, assess vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and validate proteomic findings. Loss of Notch2 in smooth muscle cells leads to protein profile changes in the vessel wall during remodeling but does not alter overall lesion morphology or cell proliferation. Loss of smooth muscle Notch2 also decreases the expression of enhancer of rudimentary homolog, plectin, and annexin A2 in vascular remodeling. Conclusions— We identified unique protein signatures that represent temporal changes in the vessel wall during neointimal lesion formation in the presence and absence of Notch2. Overall lesion formation was not affected with loss of smooth muscle Notch2, suggesting compensatory pathways. We also validated the regulation of known injury- or Notch-related targets identified in other vascular contexts, providing additional insight into conserved pathways involved in vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Peterson
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.M.P., J.E.T., A.H., J.D.-K., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.).,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono (S.M.P., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.)
| | - Jacqueline E Turner
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.M.P., J.E.T., A.H., J.D.-K., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.)
| | - Anne Harrington
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.M.P., J.E.T., A.H., J.D.-K., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.)
| | - Jessica Davis-Knowlton
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.M.P., J.E.T., A.H., J.D.-K., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.).,Tufts Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA (J.D.-K., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.)
| | - Volkhard Lindner
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.M.P., J.E.T., A.H., J.D.-K., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.).,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono (S.M.P., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.).,Tufts Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA (J.D.-K., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.)
| | - Thomas Gridley
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.M.P., J.E.T., A.H., J.D.-K., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.).,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono (S.M.P., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.).,Tufts Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA (J.D.-K., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.)
| | - Calvin P H Vary
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.M.P., J.E.T., A.H., J.D.-K., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.).,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono (S.M.P., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.).,Tufts Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA (J.D.-K., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.)
| | - Lucy Liaw
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.M.P., J.E.T., A.H., J.D.-K., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.) .,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono (S.M.P., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.).,Tufts Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA (J.D.-K., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.)
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Ramachandran B, Stabley JN, Cheng SL, Behrmann AS, Gay A, Li L, Mead M, Kozlitina J, Lemoff A, Mirzaei H, Chen Z, Towler DA. A GTPase-activating protein-binding protein (G3BP1)/antiviral protein relay conveys arteriosclerotic Wnt signals in aortic smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7942-7968. [PMID: 29626090 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In aortic vascular smooth muscle (VSM), the canonical Wnt receptor LRP6 inhibits protein arginine (Arg) methylation, a new component of noncanonical Wnt signaling that stimulates nuclear factor of activated T cells (viz NFATc4). To better understand how methylation mediates these actions, MS was performed on VSM cell extracts from control and LRP6-deficient mice. LRP6-dependent Arg methylation was regulated on >500 proteins; only 21 exhibited increased monomethylation (MMA) with concomitant reductions in dimethylation. G3BP1, a known regulator of arteriosclerosis, exhibited a >30-fold increase in MMA in its C-terminal domain. Co-transfection studies confirm that G3BP1 (G3BP is Ras-GAP SH3 domain-binding protein) methylation is inhibited by LRP6 and that G3BP1 stimulates NFATc4 transcription. NFATc4 association with VSM osteopontin (OPN) and alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) chromatin was increased with LRP6 deficiency and reduced with G3BP1 deficiency. G3BP1 activation of NFATc4 mapped to G3BP1 domains supporting interactions with RIG-I (retinoic acid inducible gene I), a stimulus for mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) that drives cardiovascular calcification in humans when mutated in Singleton-Merten syndrome (SGMRT2). Gain-of-function SGMRT2/RIG-I mutants increased G3BP1 methylation and synergized with osteogenic transcription factors (Runx2 and NFATc4). A chemical antagonist of G3BP, C108 (C108 is 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]hydrazide CAS 15533-09-2), down-regulated RIG-I-stimulated G3BP1 methylation, Wnt/NFAT signaling, VSM TNAP activity, and calcification. G3BP1 deficiency reduced RIG-I protein levels and VSM osteogenic programs. Like G3BP1 and RIG-I deficiency, MAVS deficiency reduced VSM osteogenic signals, including TNAP activity and Wnt5-dependent nuclear NFATc4 levels. Aortic calcium accumulation is decreased in MAVS-deficient LDLR-/- mice fed arteriosclerotic diets. The G3BP1/RIG-I/MAVS relay is a component of Wnt signaling. Targeting this relay may help mitigate arteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Ramachandran
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - John N Stabley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Su-Li Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Abraham S Behrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Austin Gay
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Li Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Megan Mead
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Julia Kozlitina
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Andrew Lemoff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Hamid Mirzaei
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Dwight A Towler
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390.
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Wright LH, Herr DJ, Brown SS, Kasiganesan H, Menick DR. Angiokine Wisp-1 is increased in myocardial infarction and regulates cardiac endothelial signaling. JCI Insight 2018; 3:95824. [PMID: 29467324 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.95824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarctions (MIs) cause the loss of myocytes due to lack of sufficient oxygenation and latent revascularization. Although the administration of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors reduces the size of infarctions and improves cardiac physiology in small-animal models of MI injury, the cellular targets of the HDACs, which the drugs inhibit, are largely unspecified. Here, we show that WNT-inducible secreted protein-1 (Wisp-1), a matricellular protein that promotes angiogenesis in cancers as well as cell survival in isolated cardiac myocytes and neurons, is a target of HDACs. Further, Wisp-1 transcription is regulated by HDACs and can be modified by the HDAC inhibitor, suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA/vorinostat), after MI injury. We observe that, at 7 days after MI, Wisp-1 is elevated 3-fold greater in the border zone of infarction in mice that experience an MI injury and are injected daily with SAHA, relative to MI alone. Additionally, human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) produce WISP-1 and are responsive to autocrine WISP-1-mediated signaling, which functionally promotes their proangiogenic behavior. Altering endogenous expression of WISP-1 in HCAECs directly impacts their network density in vitro. Therapeutic interventions after a heart attack define the extent of infarct injury, cell survival, and overall prognosis. Our studies shown here identify a potentially novel cardiac angiokine, Wisp-1, that may contribute to beneficial post-MI treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Symone S Brown
- College of Graduate Studies, Summer Undergraduate Research Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Donald R Menick
- Division of Cardiology, and.,Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Albanese
- Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kashif Khan
- Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bianca Barratt
- Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hamood Al-Kindi
- Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adel Schwertani
- Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
Chronic diseases account for approximately 45% of all deaths in developed countries and are particularly prevalent in countries with the most sophisticated and robust public health systems. Chronic metabolic diseases, specifically lifestyle-related diseases pertaining to diet and exercise, continue to be difficult to treat clinically. The most prevalent of these chronic metabolic diseases include obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease and will be the focus of this review. Wnt proteins are highly conserved glycoproteins best known for their role in development and homeostasis of tissues. Given the importance of Wnt signalling in homeostasis, aberrant Wnt signalling likely regulates metabolic processes and may contribute to the development of chronic metabolic diseases. Expression of Wnt proteins and dysfunctional Wnt signalling has been reported in multiple chronic diseases. It is interesting to speculate about an interrelationship between the Wnt signalling pathways as a potential pathological mechanism in chronic metabolic diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize reported findings on the contrasting roles of Wnt signalling in lifestyle-related chronic metabolic diseases; specifically, the contribution of Wnt signalling to lipid accumulation, fibrosis and chronic low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Ackers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- OHF Fellow, Translational Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Ramiro Malgor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Ramiro Malgor, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, 202b Academic & Research Center, Athens, OH, 45701-2979 USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiometabolic diseases increasingly afflict our aging, dysmetabolic population. Complex signals regulating low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) and frizzled protein family members - the plasma membrane receptors for the cadre of Wnt polypeptide morphogens - contribute to the control of cardiovascular homeostasis. RECENT FINDINGS Both canonical (β-catenin-dependent) and noncanonical (β-catenin-independent) Wnt signaling programs control vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cell phenotypic modulation in cardiometabolic disease. LRP6 limits VSM proliferation, reduces arteriosclerotic transcriptional reprogramming, and preserves insulin sensitivity while LRP5 restrains foam cell formation. Adipose, skeletal muscle, macrophages, and VSM have emerged as important sources of circulating Wnt ligands that are dynamically regulated during the prediabetes-diabetes transition with cardiometabolic consequences. Platelets release Dkk1, a LRP5/LRP6 inhibitor that induces endothelial inflammation and the prosclerotic endothelial-mesenchymal transition. By contrast, inhibitory secreted frizzled-related proteins shape the Wnt signaling milieu to limit myocardial inflammation with ischemia-reperfusion injury. VSM sclerostin, an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling in bone, restrains remodeling that predisposes to aneurysm formation, and is downregulated in aneurysmal vessels by epigenetic methylation. SUMMARY Components of the Wnt signaling cascade represent novel targets for pharmacological intervention in cardiometabolic disease. Conversely, strategies targeting the Wnt signaling cascade for other therapeutic purposes will have cardiovascular consequences that must be delineated to establish clinically useful pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Gay
- Department of Internal Medicine-Endocrine Division, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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41
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Nowak WN, Deng J, Ruan XZ, Xu Q. Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:e41-e52. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Witold N. Nowak
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King’s BHF Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom (W.N.N., J.D., Q.X.); Centre for Nephrology and Urology, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, China (X.Z.R.); and Centre for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.Z.R.)
| | - Jiacheng Deng
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King’s BHF Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom (W.N.N., J.D., Q.X.); Centre for Nephrology and Urology, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, China (X.Z.R.); and Centre for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.Z.R.)
| | - Xiong Z. Ruan
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King’s BHF Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom (W.N.N., J.D., Q.X.); Centre for Nephrology and Urology, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, China (X.Z.R.); and Centre for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.Z.R.)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King’s BHF Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom (W.N.N., J.D., Q.X.); Centre for Nephrology and Urology, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, China (X.Z.R.); and Centre for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.Z.R.)
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Riascos-Bernal DF, Chinnasamy P, Gross JN, Almonte V, Egaña-Gorroño L, Parikh D, Jayakumar S, Guo L, Sibinga NES. Inhibition of Smooth Muscle β-Catenin Hinders Neointima Formation After Vascular Injury. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:879-888. [PMID: 28302627 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) contribute to neointima formation after vascular injury. Although β-catenin expression is induced after injury, whether its function is essential in SMCs for neointimal growth is unknown. Moreover, although inhibitors of β-catenin have been developed, their effects on SMC growth have not been tested. We assessed the requirement for SMC β-catenin in short-term vascular homeostasis and in response to arterial injury and investigated the effects of β-catenin inhibitors on vascular SMC growth. APPROACH AND RESULTS We used an inducible, conditional genetic deletion of β-catenin in SMCs of adult mice. Uninjured arteries from adult mice lacking SMC β-catenin were indistinguishable from controls in terms of structure and SMC marker gene expression. After carotid artery ligation, however, vessels from mice lacking SMC β-catenin developed smaller neointimas, with lower neointimal cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. SMCs lacking β-catenin showed decreased mRNA expression of Mmp2, Mmp9, Sphk1, and S1pr1 (genes that promote neointima formation), higher levels of Jag1 and Gja1 (genes that inhibit neointima formation), decreased Mmp2 protein expression and secretion, and reduced cell invasion in vitro. Moreover, β-catenin inhibitors PKF118-310 and ICG-001 limited growth of mouse and human vascular SMCs in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS SMC β-catenin is dispensable for maintenance of the structure and state of differentiation of uninjured adult arteries, but is required for neointima formation after vascular injury. Pharmacological β-catenin inhibitors hinder growth of human vascular SMCs. Thus, inhibiting β-catenin has potential as a therapy to limit SMC accumulation and vascular obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario F Riascos-Bernal
- From the Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), and Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.F.R.-B., P.C., J.N.G., V.A., L.E.-G., D.P., S.J., N.E.S.S.); and CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (L.G.)
| | - Prameladevi Chinnasamy
- From the Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), and Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.F.R.-B., P.C., J.N.G., V.A., L.E.-G., D.P., S.J., N.E.S.S.); and CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (L.G.)
| | - Jordana N Gross
- From the Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), and Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.F.R.-B., P.C., J.N.G., V.A., L.E.-G., D.P., S.J., N.E.S.S.); and CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (L.G.)
| | - Vanessa Almonte
- From the Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), and Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.F.R.-B., P.C., J.N.G., V.A., L.E.-G., D.P., S.J., N.E.S.S.); and CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (L.G.)
| | - Lander Egaña-Gorroño
- From the Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), and Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.F.R.-B., P.C., J.N.G., V.A., L.E.-G., D.P., S.J., N.E.S.S.); and CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (L.G.)
| | - Dippal Parikh
- From the Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), and Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.F.R.-B., P.C., J.N.G., V.A., L.E.-G., D.P., S.J., N.E.S.S.); and CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (L.G.)
| | - Smitha Jayakumar
- From the Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), and Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.F.R.-B., P.C., J.N.G., V.A., L.E.-G., D.P., S.J., N.E.S.S.); and CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (L.G.)
| | - Liang Guo
- From the Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), and Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.F.R.-B., P.C., J.N.G., V.A., L.E.-G., D.P., S.J., N.E.S.S.); and CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (L.G.)
| | - Nicholas E S Sibinga
- From the Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), and Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.F.R.-B., P.C., J.N.G., V.A., L.E.-G., D.P., S.J., N.E.S.S.); and CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (L.G.).
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43
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Li Q, Zhu L, Zhang L, Chen H, Zhu Y, Du Y, Zhong W, Zhong M, Shi X. Inhibition of estrogen related receptor α attenuates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration by regulating RhoA/p27 Kip1 and β-Catenin/Wnt4 signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 799:188-195. [PMID: 28213288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RhoA/p27Kip1 and β-Catenin/Wnt4 signaling processes play central roles in proliferation and migration in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). ERRα, a member of orphan nuclear receptors, is a potent prognostic factor in breast, ovarian, colon and other types of tumors. However, biological significance of ERRα in VSMCs as well as the molecular mechanisms remains largely unknown. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate whether ERRα is involved in the proliferation and migration of VSMCs in vitro and neointimal formation in vivo. The specific ERRα inverse agonist XCT790 (or ERRα shRNA) resulted in a significant inhibition of proliferation and phenotypic switch in cultured rat aortic SMCs (RASMCs). Furthermore, cycle progression, cell cycle protein transcription as well as hyperphosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) in RASMCs were prevented by downregulation of ERRα. Transwell assay demonstrated that migratory capacity of RASMCs was also inhibited the treatment of XCT790 (or ERRα shRNA). At the molecular levels, RhoA/p27Kip1 and β-Catenin/Wnt4 signaling pathways are involved in ERRα-mediated RASMCs growth and migration. Finally, inhibition of ERRα significantly attenuated neointimal formation in rat artery after balloon injury. These results help to further understand vascular remodeling and suggest that ERRα might be a potential target for the treatment of vascular proliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunyi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China.
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Liudi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Haifei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Yingfeng Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Yongli Du
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Wanxian Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinshan Branch of the Sixth People's Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201500, China
| | - Mingkang Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China; Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiaojin Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China.
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Suppression of neointima formation by targeting β-catenin/TCF pathway. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160229. [PMID: 27815507 PMCID: PMC5146821 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is treated by vein grafting and stent implantation. Late vein graft failure and restenosis of stented arteries reduce the success rates of these approaches and are caused by neointima formation. We have previously shown that Wnt proteins are up-regulated during intimal thickening, and have speculated that these lead to activation of downstream genes with β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF)-responsive promoters. In the present study, we aimed to provide evidence that β-catenin/TCF signalling promotes neointima formation and assess whether targeting this pathway has potential for reducing neointima formation. We utilized a gene therapy approach selectively targeting cells in which the β-catenin/TCF pathway is activated by using a recombinant adenovirus Ad-TOPTK, which carries a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) gene under the control of a β-catenin/TCF-response promoter. Cells with activated β-catenin will therefore be selectively killed. Ad-TOPTK and ganciclovir (GCV) treatment significantly suppressed the growth of the neointima in a murine model of left carotid artery ligation. In summary, we demonstrated that Wnt/β-catenin/TCF signalling promotes neointima formation, by showing that the selective death of cells with activated β-catenin suppressed neointima formation. This highlights the therapeutic potential for reducing late vein graft failure and in-stent restenosis by targeting β-catenin/TCF signalling.
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