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Nasr A, Brooks MM, Barinas-Mitchell E, Orchard T, Billheimer J, Wang NC, McConnell D, Rader DJ, El Khoudary SR. High-density lipoprotein metrics during midlife and future subclinical atherosclerosis in women: the SWAN HDL study. Menopause 2024; 31:567-574. [PMID: 38743910 PMCID: PMC11213666 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical utility of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in risk classification is limited, especially in midlife women. Novel metrics of HDL may better reflect this risk. We clustered a comprehensive profile of HDL metrics into favorable and unfavorable clusters and assessed how these two clusters are related to future subclinical atherosclerosis (carotid intima media thickness [cIMT], interadventitial diameter [IAD], and carotid plaque presence) in midlife women. METHODS Four hundred sixty-one women (baseline age: 50.4 [2.7] years; 272 White, 137 Black, 52 Chinese) from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation HDL ancillary study who had baseline measures of HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (HDL-CEC), lipid contents (HDL-phospholipids [HDL-PL] and HDL triglycerides [HDL-Tg]), and HDL particle (HDL-P) distribution and size, followed by carotid ultrasound (average 12.9 [SD: 2.6] years later), were included. Using latent cluster analysis, women were clustered into a favorable (high HDL-CEC, HDL-PL, large and medium HDL-P, less HDL-Tg and small HDL-P, larger size) or an unfavorable HDL cluster (low HDL-CEC, HDL-PL, large and medium HDL-P, more HDL-Tg, and small HDL-P, smaller size) and then linked to future subclinical atherosclerosis using linear or logistic regression. RESULTS The favorable HDL cluster was associated with lower cIMT, IAD, and odds of carotid plaque presence. These associations were attenuated by body mass index, except in Chinese women where the association with cIMT persisted (0.72 [0.63, 0.83]). CONCLUSIONS The association between favorable HDL clusters and a better postmenopausal subclinical atherosclerosis profile is largely explained by body mass index; however, racial/ethnic differences may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Nasr
- University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Public Health Building, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Maria M. Brooks
- University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Public Health Building, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Emma Barinas-Mitchell
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, 130 N. Bellefield Avenue, Suite 338, Pittsburgh PA 15213
| | - Trevor Orchard
- University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Public Health Building, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jeffrey Billheimer
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Norman C. Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Presbyterian, 200 Lothrop Street, South Tower, 3 Floor, Room 352.9, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Daniel McConnell
- University of Michigan Department of Epidemiology, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Samar R. El Khoudary
- University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Public Health Building, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Kwon AJ, Morales L, Chatagnier L, Quigley J, Pascua J, Pinkowski N, Brasser SM, Hong MY. Effects of moderate ethanol exposure on risk factors for cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer in adult Wistar rats. Alcohol 2024; 117:55-63. [PMID: 38531501 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
While past studies have provided evidence linking excessive alcohol consumption to increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and colorectal cancer (CRC), existing data on the effects of moderate alcohol use on these conditions have produced mixed results. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on risk factors associated with the development of CVDs and CRC in adult rats. Twenty-four, 14-month-old, non-deprived male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to either an ethanol group, which consisted of voluntary access to a 20% (v/v) ethanol solution on alternate days, or a water control group (n = 12/group) for 13 weeks. Blood samples were collected to analyze levels of albumin, glucose, adiponectin, lipids, oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), C-reactive protein (CRP), high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), liver function enzymes, and antioxidant capacity. Colonic gene expression related to colon carcinogenesis was also assessed. Ethanol-treated rats were found to have significantly higher HDL-C and apoA1 levels compared to controls. Moderate alcohol consumption led to significantly lower CRP levels and a trend for decrease in HMGB-1, TNF-α, and 8-oxo-dG levels. In the ethanol-exposed group, colonic gene expression of superoxide dismutase was upregulated while aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 showed a trend for increase compared to the control group. These results indicate that adopting a moderate approach to alcohol consumption could potentially improve health biomarkers related to CVD and CRC by increasing HDL-C levels and antioxidant activity and reducing DNA damage and inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Kwon
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
| | - Lani Morales
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
| | - Louise Chatagnier
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
| | - Jacqueline Quigley
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
| | - Jeremy Pascua
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
| | - Natalie Pinkowski
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
| | - Susan M Brasser
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
| | - Mee Young Hong
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
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3
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Kuti MA, Bamidele OT, Nduka NS, Olaniyi O, Ogundeji OA, Adedapo KS, Awolude OA. APOLIPOPROTEIN E GENE POLYMORPHISMS AND PLASMA LIPIDS IN PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY. Ann Ib Postgrad Med 2024; 22:8-13. [PMID: 38939889 PMCID: PMC11205716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective A major modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is abnormalities in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism which are frequently seen in HIV as well as its treatment. Apo-E is a protein that is important in plasma lipid homeostasis and its genetic alleles have been shown to contribute to lipid abnormalities. We examined for the effect of Apo-E gene polymorphisms on plasma lipid levels in PLHIV on protease inhibitor therapy. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted among adult persons living with HIV. Lipid profile, Apo-B and Apo-A were measured in fasting plasma. Amplification and analysis of Apo-E genotypes were determined using the Seeplex Apo-E ACE genotyping kit. Differences in quantitative values were compared with non-parametric analysis methods. Results Eighty-four persons were recruited into the study, 75% of whom were virally suppressed. The 3 homozygous genotypes had significantly different levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), Apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) and Apolipoprotein A1 (Apo-A1). Persons with apo ε2/ε2 had higher LDL-C compared to those with apo ε3/ε3 (3.26 (3.61) mmol/L vs. 2.76 (1.28) mmol/L, p = 0.010). Those with apo ε4/ε4 had lower Apo-A1 compared to those with apo ε3/ε3 (0.84 (0.48) g/dL vs. 1.27 (0.70) g/dL, p =0.009). Compared with the same group, the heterozygous genotype, apo ε2/ε3 had lower triglyceride levels :1.33 (0.65) mmol/ L vs. 1.86 (1.11) mmol/L, p = 0.045. Conclusion Polymorphisms in the Apo-E gene may have significant influences on plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels in PLHIV on PI therapy. This may have implications for the assessment of risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Kuti
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan/University College Hospital, Ibadan
| | - O T Bamidele
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State
| | - N S Nduka
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan
| | - O Olaniyi
- Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan
| | - O A Ogundeji
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan
| | - K S Adedapo
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan/University College Hospital, Ibadan
| | - O A Awolude
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology/Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan/University College Hospital, Ibadan
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Trius-Soler M, Mukamal KJ, Guasch-Ferré M. High-density lipoprotein functionality, cardiovascular health, and patterns of alcohol consumption: new insights and future perspectives. Curr Opin Lipidol 2024; 35:25-32. [PMID: 37788374 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) pose a significant public health challenge, contributing to 422 million disability-adjusted life years in 2021. The role of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and alcohol consumption, one of their major modifiable determinants, remains controversial. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive narrative overview of HDL functionality and its predictive value for CVD in relation to patterns of alcohol consumption. RECENT FINDINGS HDL phenotypes beyond HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c) such as distribution of HDL subspecies, HDL particle abundance, and reverse cholesterol transport capacity are promising indicators of atherosclerotic CVD risk. Low-to-moderate alcohol consumption seems to improve HDL functionality and reduce the incidence of CVD among primarily middle-aged men and postmenopausal women. Advancements in our understanding of HDL biogenesis, structure, and function hold promise for improving HDL-related measures and their predictive value for cardiovascular health. SUMMARY Low-to-moderate alcohol consumption appears to not only increase HDL-c concentration found in the HDL fraction of plasma but also enhance HDL functionality, providing insights into the underlying mechanisms linking alcohol exposure and cardiovascular health benefits. However, rigorous, well designed intervention trials of alcohol consumption on hard cardiovascular outcomes are needed to identify robust causal associations of HDL phenotypes and alcohol consumption with cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Trius-Soler
- Department of Public Health and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brookline
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Public Health and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Karpouzas GA, Papotti B, Ormseth SR, Palumbo M, Hernandez E, Adorni MP, Zimetti F, Budoff MJ, Ronda N. Statins influence the relationship between ATP-binding cassette A1 membrane transporter-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity and coronary atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis. J Transl Autoimmun 2023; 7:100206. [PMID: 37484708 PMCID: PMC10362327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) is the main antiatherogenic function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). ATP-binding-cassette A1 (ABCA1) membrane transporter initiates cholesterol export from arterial macrophages to pre-β HDL particles fostering their maturation; in turn, those accept cholesterol through ABCG1-mediated export. Impaired pre-β HDL maturation may disrupt the collaborative function of the two transporters and adversely affect atherosclerosis. Statins exert atheroprotective functions systemically and locally on plaque. We here evaluated associations between ABCA1-CEC, coronary atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk and the influence of statins on those relationships in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Evaluation with computed tomography angiography was undertaken in 140 patients and repeated in 99 after 6.9 ± 0.3 years. Events comprising cardiovascular death, acute coronary syndromes, stroke, claudication, revascularization and heart failure were recorded. ABCA1-CEC and ABCG1-CEC were evaluated in J774A.1 macrophages and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells respectively and expressed as percentage of effluxed over total intracellular cholesterol. Covariates in all cardiovascular event risk and plaque outcome models included atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Results ABCA1-CEC negatively correlated with ABCG1-CEC (r = -0.167, p = 0.049). ABCA1-CEC associated with cardiovascular risk (adjusted hazard ratio 2.05 [95%CI 1.20-3.48] per standard deviation [SD] increment). There was an interaction of ABCA1-CEC with time-varying statin use (p = 0.038) such that current statin use inversely associated with risk only in patients with ABCA1-CEC below the upper tertile. ABCA1-CEC had no main effect on plaque or plaque progression; instead, ABCA1-CEC (per SD) associated with fewer baseline total plaques (adjusted rate ratio [aRR] 0.81, [95%CI 0.65-1.00]), noncalcified plaques (aRR 0.78 [95%CI 0.61-0.98]), and vulnerable low-attenuation plaques (aRR 0.41 [95%CI 0.23-0.74]) in statin users, and more low-attenuation plaques (aRR 1.91 [95%CI 1.18-3.08]) in nonusers (p-for-interaction = 0.018, 0.011, 0.025 and < 0.001 respectively). Moreover, ABCA1-CEC (per SD) associated with greater partially/fully-calcified plaque progression (adjusted odds ratio 3.07 [95%CI 1.20-7.86]) only in patients not exposed to statins during follow-up (p-for-interaction = 0.009). Conclusion In patients with RA, higher ABCA1-CEC may reflect a proatherogenic state, associated with enhanced cardiovascular risk. Statin use may unmask the protective impact of ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux on plaque formation, progression and cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A. Karpouzas
- Division of Rheumatology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Bianca Papotti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Sarah R. Ormseth
- Division of Rheumatology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Hernandez
- Division of Rheumatology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Maria Pia Adorni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Matthew J. Budoff
- Division of Cardiology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Nicoletta Ronda
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Sacher S, Mukherjee A, Ray A. Deciphering structural aspects of reverse cholesterol transport: mapping the knowns and unknowns. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1160-1183. [PMID: 36880422 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major contributor to the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cholesterol-loaded foam cells play a pivotal role in forming atherosclerotic plaques. Induction of cholesterol efflux from these cells may be a promising approach in treating CVD. The reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway delivers cholesteryl ester (CE) packaged in high-density lipoproteins (HDL) from non-hepatic cells to the liver, thereby minimising cholesterol load of peripheral cells. RCT takes place via a well-organised interplay amongst apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), scavenger receptor-B1 (SR-B1), and the amount of free cholesterol. Unfortunately, modulation of RCT for treating atherosclerosis has failed in clinical trials owing to our lack of understanding of the relationship between HDL function and RCT. The fate of non-hepatic CEs in HDL is dependent on their access to proteins involved in remodelling and can be regulated at the structural level. An inadequate understanding of this inhibits the design of rational strategies for therapeutic interventions. Herein we extensively review the structure-function relationships that are essential for RCT. We also focus on genetic mutations that disturb the structural stability of proteins involved in RCT, rendering them partially or completely non-functional. Further studies are necessary for understanding the structural aspects of RCT pathway completely, and this review highlights alternative theories and unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukriti Sacher
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Phase III, New Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Abhishek Mukherjee
- Dhiti Life Sciences Pvt Ltd, B-107, Okhla Phase I, New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Arjun Ray
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Phase III, New Delhi, 110019, India
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Li MH, Kulkarni R, Koizumi N, Andalibi A. The Association of the Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein and Apolipoprotein A1 with SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Severity: An Analysis of the N3C Database. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:852. [PMID: 37372137 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed data from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) database to investigate whether high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and its major protein component, apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), are associated with severe COVID-19 sequelae, specifically acute kidney injury (AKI) and severe COVID-19 disease as defined by the infection resulting in hospitalization, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), invasive ventilation, or death. Our study included a total of 1,415,302 subjects with HDL values and 3589 subjects with apoA1 values. Higher levels of both HDL and apoA1 were associated with a lower incidence of infection as well as a lower incidence of severe disease. Higher HDL levels were also associated with a lower incidence of developing AKI. Most comorbidities were negatively correlated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, presumably due to the behavioral changes that occurred as a result of the precautions taken by individuals with underlying comorbidities. The presence of comorbidities, however, was associated with developing severe COVID-19 disease and AKI. African American and Hispanic populations experienced worse outcomes, including a higher incidence of infection and the development of severe disease, as well as AKI. Smoking and being male were associated with a lower incidence of infection, while they were risk factors for the development of severe disease and AKI. The results on cholesterol and diabetes drugs warrant further research, given that the database included multiple drugs in each category impeding for analysis of specific medications. Despite the current limitations in the N3C data, this study is the first to investigate the roles of HDL and apoA1 on the outcomes of COVID-19 using the US population data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hao Li
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Arlington, VA 22201, USA
| | - Rajendra Kulkarni
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Arlington, VA 22201, USA
| | - Naoru Koizumi
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Arlington, VA 22201, USA
| | - Ali Andalibi
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
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Krishnamurthy HK, Balaguru UM, Pereira M, Jayaraman V, Song Q, Krishna K, Wang T, Bei K, Rajasekaran JJ. Influence of genetic polymorphisms on serum biomarkers of cardiac health. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33953. [PMID: 37335633 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of death worldwide which is why early risk prediction is crucial. Discrete Polygenic risk score (PRS) measurement using saliva or dried blood spot samples collected at home poses a convenient means for early CVD risk assessment. The present study assessed the effects of 28 disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on 16 serological cardiac markers and also aggregated the risk alleles into a PRS to evaluate its applicability in CVD-risk prediction. The study assessed genetic and serological markers in 184 individuals. The association between serological markers and individual genetic variants was evaluated using a two-tailed t test while the associations of serum markers with the PRS was analyzed using the Pearson correlation. The comparative analysis of genotypes revealed statistically significant associations between serum markers and CVD-associated SNPs with Apo B: Apo A-1, LDL Direct, Apo B, sdLDL, hsCRP, Lp(a), NT-proBNP, and PLAC levels being significantly associated with the risk alleles of the SNPs, rs12526453, rs5186, rs10911021, rs1801131, rs670, rs10757274, and rs10757278. Increased PLAC levels were associated with rs10757274 and rs10757278 (P < .05). The SNPs, rs1801133, rs1549758, rs1799983, rs5082, and rs5186 were significantly associated with an increase in the cardioprotective markers, HDL and ApoA1 (P < .05). Furthermore, the PRS was associated with increasing levels of several serum cardiac markers (r2 > 0.6). Significant correlations were observed between high PRSs and NT-proBNP and ox-LDL levels with the r2 values being 0.82 (95% CI = 0.13-0.99; P = .03) and 0.94 (95% CI = 0.63-0.99; P = .005), respectively. The present study reports that SNPs have differential effects on serum markers with rs12526453, rs5186, rs10911021, rs1801131, rs670, rs10757274, and rs10757278 showing significant associations with elevated marker levels, which are indicators of deteriorating cardiac health. A unified PRS using several SNPs was also associated with an increase in serum markers levels, especially, NT-proBNP and ox-LDL. Genetic assessment via a convenient at-home collection to calculate the PRS can serve as an effective predictive tool for early CVD-risk assessment. This may help identify the risk groups that may require increased serological monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qi Song
- Vibrant LLC., San Carlos, CA
| | | | | | - Kang Bei
- Vibrant Sciences LLC., San Carlos, CA
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Association of physical activity with high-density lipoprotein functionality in a population-based cohort: the REGICOR study. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2023; 76:86-93. [PMID: 35597758 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES To determine the dose-response association between current and past leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), total and at different intensities, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality parameters. METHODS Study participants (n=642) were randomly drawn from a large population-based survey. Mean age of the participants was 63.2 years and 51.1% were women. The analysis included data from a baseline and a follow-up visit (median follow-up, 4 years). LTPA was assessed using validated questionnaires at both visits. Two main HDL functions were assessed: cholesterol efflux capacity and HDL antioxidant capacity, at the follow-up visit. Linear regression and linear additive models were used to assess the linear and nonlinear association between LTPA and HDL functionality. RESULTS Total LTPA at follow-up showed an inverse and linear relationship between 0 and 400 METs x min/d with HDL antioxidant capacity (regression coefficient [beta]: -0.022; 95%CI, -0.030, -0.013), with a plateau above this threshold. The results were similar for moderate (beta: -0.028; 95%CI, -0.049, -0.007) and vigorous (beta: -0.025; 95%CI, -0.043, -0.007), but not for light-intensity LTPA. LTPA at follow-up was not associated with cholesterol efflux capacity. Baseline LTPA was not associated with any of the HDL functionality parameters analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Current moderate and vigorous LTPA showed a nonlinear association with higher HDL antioxidant capacity. Maximal benefit was observed with low-intermediate doses of total LTPA (up to 400 METs x min/d). Our results agree with current recommendations for moderate-vigorous LTPA practice and suggest an association between PA and HDL functionality in the general population.
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Sæther JC, Klevjer M, Giskeødegård GF, Bathen TF, Gigante B, Gjære S, Myhra M, Vesterbekkmo EK, Wiseth R, Madssen E, Bye A. Small LDL subfractions are associated with coronary atherosclerosis despite no differences in conventional lipids. Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:16-26. [PMID: 36374174 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00098.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein subfractions currently represent a new source of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers that may provide more information than conventional lipid measures. We aimed to investigate whether lipoprotein subfractions are associated with coronary atherosclerosis in patients without prior known CVD. Fasting serum samples from 60 patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) were collected before coronary angiography and analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was quantified by the Gensini score (≤20.5 = nonsignificant coronary atherosclerosis, 20.6-30.0 = intermediate coronary atherosclerosis, ≥30.1 = significant CAD). Differences in lipoprotein subfractions between the three Gensini groups were assessed by two-way ANOVA, adjusted for statin use. Despite no differences in conventional lipid measures between the three Gensini groups, patients with significant CAD had higher apolipoprotein-B/apolipoprotein-A1 ratio, 30% more small and dense low-density lipoprotein 5 (LDL-5) particles, and increased levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids within LDL-5 compared with patients with nonsignificant coronary atherosclerosis and intermediate coronary atherosclerosis (P ≤ 0.001). In addition, the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and triglyceride levels of LDL 4 were significantly increased in patients with significant CAD compared with patients with nonsignificant coronary atherosclerosis. In conclusion, small and dense lipoprotein subfractions were associated with coronary atherosclerosis in patients without prior CVD. Additional studies are needed to explore whether lipoprotein subfractions may represent biomarkers offering a clinically meaningful improvement in the risk prediction of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Caroline Sæther
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marie Klevjer
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guro Fanneløb Giskeødegård
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tone Frost Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sigrid Gjære
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marthe Myhra
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Kleivhaug Vesterbekkmo
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rune Wiseth
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erik Madssen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anja Bye
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Sperstad SB, Sæther JC, Klevjer M, Giskeødegård GF, Bathen TF, Røsbjørgen R, Dalen H, Bye A. Lipoprotein subfraction profiling in the search of new risk markers for myocardial infarction: The HUNT study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285355. [PMID: 37146027 PMCID: PMC10162525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional biomarkers used to measure risk of myocardial infarction (MI) only explain a modest proportion of the incidence. Lipoprotein subfractions have the potential to improve risk prediction of MI. AIM We aimed to identify lipoprotein subfractions that were associated with imminent MI risk. METHODS We identified apparently healthy participants with a predicted low 10-year risk of MI from The Trøndelag Health Survey 3 (HUNT3) that developed MI within 5 years after inclusion (cases, n = 50) and 100 matched controls. Lipoprotein subfractions were analyzed in serum by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at time of inclusion in HUNT3. Lipoprotein subfractions were compared between cases and controls in the full population (N = 150), and in subgroups of males (n = 90) and females (n = 60). In addition, a sub analysis was performed in participants that experienced MI within two years and their matched controls (n = 56). RESULTS None of the lipoprotein subfractions were significantly associated with future MI when adjusting for multiple testing (p<0.002). At nominal significance level (p<0.05), the concentration of apolipoprotein A1 in the smallest high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions was higher in cases compared to controls. Further, in sub analyses based on sex, male cases had lower lipid concentration within the large HDL subfractions and higher lipid concentration within the small HDL subfractions compared to male controls (p<0.05). No differences were found in lipoprotein subfractions between female cases and controls. In sub analysis of individuals suffering from MI within two years, triglycerides in low-density lipoprotein were higher among cases (p<0.05). CONCLUSION None of the investigated lipoprotein subfractions were associated with future MI after adjustment for multiple testing. However, our findings suggests that HDL subfractions may be of interest in relation to risk prediction for MI, especially in males. This need to be further investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigri Bakken Sperstad
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julie Caroline Sæther
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marie Klevjer
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Tone Frost Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Håvard Dalen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Anja Bye
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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12
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Gelfand JM, Shin DB, Armstrong AW, Tyring SK, Blauvelt A, Gottlieb S, Lockshin BN, Kalb RE, Fitzsimmons R, Rodante J, Parel P, Manyak GA, Mendelsohn L, Noe MH, Papadopoulos M, Syed MN, Werner TJ, Wan J, Playford MP, Alavi A, Mehta NN. Association of Apremilast With Vascular Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Function in Patients With Psoriasis: The VIP-A Phase 4, Open-label, Nonrandomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Dermatol 2022; 158:1394-1403. [PMID: 36129688 PMCID: PMC9494263 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.3862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Importance Psoriasis is an inflammatory condition associated with metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Apremilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, is commonly used for psoriasis and can cause weight loss. Objective To determine the association between apremilast and aortic vascular inflammation as assessed by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT), cardiometabolic markers (primary outcomes at week 16), and abdominal fat composition. Design, Setting, and Participants A single-arm, open-label, interventional, nonrandomized clinical trial in which the imaging and laboratory outcomes were measured by an investigator who was blinded to time was conducted between April 11, 2017, and August 17, 2021, at 7 dermatology sites in the United States. A total of 101 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis were screened, 70 enrolled, 60 completed week 16, and 39 completed week 52. Intervention Apremilast, 30 mg, twice daily. Main Outcomes and Measures Aortic vascular inflammation (measured by FDG-PET/CT), 68 cardiometabolic biomarkers, and abdominal fat composition (measured by CT) at week 16 and week 52 compared with baseline. Results The mean (SD) age of the 70 patients was 47.5 (14.6) years, 54 were male (77.1%), 4 were Black (5.7%), and 58 were White (82.9%). There was no change in aortic vascular inflammation at week 16 (target to background ratio, -0.02; 95% CI, -0.08 to 0.05; P = .61) or week 52 (target to background ratio, -0.07; 95% CI, -0.15 to 0.01; P = .09) compared with baseline. At week 16, potentially beneficial decreases in interleukin 1b, valine, leucine, isoleucine, fetuin A, and branched-chain amino acids were observed. At week 52 compared with baseline, potentially beneficial decreases in ferritin, β-hydroxybutyrate, acetone, and ketone bodies, with an increase in apolipoprotein A-1, were observed, but there was a reduction in cholesterol efflux. There was an approximately 5% to 6% reduction in subcutaneous and visceral adiposity at week 16 that was maintained at week 52. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this nonrandomized clinical trial suggest that apremilast has a neutral association with aortic vascular inflammation, variable but generally beneficial associations with a subset of cardiometabolic biomarkers, and associations with reductions in visceral and subcutaneous fat, indicating that the drug may have an overall benefit for patients with cardiometabolic disease and psoriasis. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03082729.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel M. Gelfand
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Daniel B. Shin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - April W. Armstrong
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Stephen K. Tyring
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston
| | | | - Scott Gottlieb
- Dermatology and Skin Surgery Center, Exton, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Robert E. Kalb
- SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Dermatology, Buffalo Medical Group, Buffalo, New York
| | - Robert Fitzsimmons
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Justin Rodante
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Philip Parel
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Grigory A. Manyak
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laurel Mendelsohn
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Megan H. Noe
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maryte Papadopoulos
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Maha N. Syed
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Thomas J. Werner
- Department of Radiology (Nuclear Medicine), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Joy Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Martin P. Playford
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology (Nuclear Medicine), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Nehal N. Mehta
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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13
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Torosyan N, Visrodia P, Torbati T, Minissian MB, Shufelt CL. Dyslipidemia in midlife women: Approach and considerations during the menopausal transition. Maturitas 2022; 166:14-20. [PMID: 36027726 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women globally. The incidence of dyslipidemia increases over a woman's lifespan, with adverse changes around the time of menopause. Menopause, and the years leading up to the final menstrual period, is a time of estrogen fluctuation and ultimately estrogen deficiency, which has been associated with proatherogenic changes in the lipid profile. Independent of aging, menopausal status is associated with elevations in serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apolipoproteins, and triglycerides, and decreases in HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). Emerging research also suggests that after menopause there is a loss of functional HDL cardioprotective properties. Early initiation of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) confers a favorable effect on lipid profile, though this does not translate into improved CVD outcomes and therefore guidelines do not indicate it for primary or secondary prevention of CVD. At the time of menopause, special consideration should be given to women with conditions more associated with CVD, including polycystic ovarian syndrome, premature menopause, early menopause, premature ovarian insufficiency, and familial hypercholesterolemia. Statins remain the mainstay of dyslipidemia therapy, though novel lipid-lowering agents are emerging. This review provides an overview of lipid alterations observed during the menopausal transition, summarizes the current evidence on the role of estrogen and progestogen on lipids, identifies special populations of women at especially high risk for lipid dysregulation at menopause, and describes approaches to the screening and treatment of midlife women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nare Torosyan
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Parth Visrodia
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tina Torbati
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margo B Minissian
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Geri and Richard Brawerman Nursing Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chrisandra L Shufelt
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Women's Health Research Center and Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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14
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Rezaee M, Fallahzadeh A, Sheikhy A, Jameie M, Behnoush AH, Pashang M, Tajdini M, Tavolinejad H, Masoudkabir F, Mansourian S, Momtahen S, Tafti HA, Hosseini K. BMI modifies HDL-C effects on coronary artery bypass grafting outcomes. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:128. [PMID: 36447289 PMCID: PMC9710033 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01739-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the recognized implications of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in cardiovascular diseases, the role of body mass index (BMI) in HDL-C association with cardiovascular outcomes remains unclear. This study investigated the possible modifying implications of BMI on the correlation between HDL-C and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) outcomes. METHODS The present cohort included isolated CABG patients (median follow-up: 76.58 [75.79-77.38] months). The participants were classified into three groups: 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 (normal), 25 ≤ BMI < 30 (overweight), and 30 ≤ BMI < 35 (obese) kg/m2. Cox proportional hazard models (CPHs) and restricted cubic splines (RCSs) were applied to evaluate the relationship between HDL-C and all-cause mortality as well as major adverse cardio-cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) in different BMI categories. RESULTS This study enrolled a total of 15,639 patients. Considering the final Cox analysis among the normal and overweight groups, HDL-C ≥ 60 was a significant protective factor compared to 40 < HDL-C < 60 for all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 0.47, P: 0.027; and aHR: 0.64, P: 0.007, respectively). However, the protective effect of HDL-C ≥ 60 was no longer observed among patients with 30 ≤ BMI < 35 (aHR: 1.16, P = 0.668). RCS trend analyses recapitulated these findings; among 30 ≤ BMI < 35, no uniform inverse linear association was observed; after approximately HDL-C≈55, its increase was no longer associated with reduced mortality risk. RCS analyses on MACCE revealed a plateau effect followed by a modest rise in overweight and obese patients from HDL-C = 40 onward (nonlinear association). CONCLUSIONS Very high HDL-C (≥ 60 mg/dL) was not related to better outcomes among obese CABG patients. Furthermore, HDL-C was related to the post-CABG outcomes in a nonlinear manner, and the magnitude of its effects also differed across BMI subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Rezaee
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411600.2Medical Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Fallahzadeh
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sheikhy
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mana Jameie
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Behnoush
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Pashang
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masih Tajdini
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Tavolinejad
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Masoudkabir
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Mansourian
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Momtahen
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ahmadi Tafti
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Hosseini
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Cardiology Department, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Karegar Ave, P.O. Box: 1411713138, Tehran, Iran
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15
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1-2 Drinks Per Day Affect Lipoprotein Composition after 3 Weeks-Results from a Cross-Over Pilot Intervention Trial in Healthy Adults Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Measured Lipoproteins and Apolipoproteins. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235043. [PMID: 36501072 PMCID: PMC9735490 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption ranging from 1−2 drinks/day associates with a lower risk of coronary heart disease in some studies. The underlying mechanisms are unclear. The Metabolic Imprints of Alcoholic Beverages (MetAl) trial aimed to explore the short-term effects of moderate alcohol consumption on cardiovascular biomarkers. A 2 × 3-week cross-over single-blinded intervention trial investigating the effect of 1−2 drinks/day (~12−24 g) compared with abstention on 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-measured main lipoproteins and subfractions was performed in 26 healthy adults. Volunteers were classified as occasional or habitual drinkers based on their habitual alcohol intakes (<2 or ≥2 drinks/week). Compared with abstention, 1−2 drinks/day increased HDL2a-C (p = 0.004), HDL3-C (p = 0.008), and HDL non-significantly (p = 0.19). Total apoA1 and apoA1 in HDL and its subfractions increased (p < 0.05). Novel findings were a decreased apoB/apoA1 ratio (p = 0.02), and increased HDL2a phospholipid content (p = 0.04). In women alone, the results were similar but attenuated, and LDL-P decreased. Thus, changes in apoA1- and HDL-related biomarkers occur within weeks in moderate drinkers. Compared with abstention, 1−2 drinks/day increased total apoA1 more strongly than HDL-C and increased the cholesterol, apoA1, and phospholipid content of several HDL subfractions. Whether this provides a cardiovascular benefit requires further study. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03384147.
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16
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Bortnick AE, Buzkova P, Otvos J, Jensen M, Tsai MY, Budoff M, Mackey R, El Khoudary SR, Favari E, Kim RS, Rodriguez CJ, Thanassoulis G, Kizer JR. High-Density Lipoprotein and Long-Term Incidence and Progression of Aortic Valve Calcification: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:1272-1282. [PMID: 35979837 PMCID: PMC9492641 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic valve calcification (AVC) shares pathological features with atherosclerosis. Lipoprotein components have been detected in aortic valve tissue, including HDL (high-density lipoprotein). HDL measures have inverse associations with cardiovascular disease, but relationships with long-term AVC progression are unclear. We investigated associations of HDL cholesterol, HDL-particle number and size, apoC3-defined HDL subtypes, and, secondarily, CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) mass and activity, with long-term incidence and progression of AVC. METHODS We used linear mixed-effects models to evaluate the associations of baseline HDL indices with AVC. AVC was quantified by Agatston scoring of up to 3 serial computed tomography scans over a median of 8.9 (maximum 11.2) years of follow-up in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (n=6784). RESULTS After adjustment, higher concentrations of HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), HDL-P (HDL particles), large HDL-P, and apoC3-lacking HDL-C were significantly associated with lower incidence/progression of AVC. Neither small or medium HDL-P nor apoC3-containing HDL-C was significantly associated with AVC incidence/progression. When included together, a significant association was observed only for HDL-C, but not for HDL-P. Secondary analyses showed an inverse relationship between CETP mass, but not activity, and AVC incidence/progression. In exploratory assessments, inverse associations for HDL-C, HDL-P, large HDL-P, and apoC3-lacking HDL with AVC incidence/progression were more pronounced for older, male, and White participants. ApoC3-containing HDL-C only showed a positive association with AVC in these subgroups. CONCLUSIONS In a multiethnic population, HDL-C, HDL-P, large HDL-P, and apoC3-lacking HDL-C were inversely associated with long-term incidence and progression of AVC. Further investigation of HDL composition and mechanisms could be useful in understanding pathways that slow AVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Bortnick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
- Division of Geriatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
| | - Petra Buzkova
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - James Otvos
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp), Morrisville, NC
| | - Majken Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health; and the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael Y. Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Matthew Budoff
- Division of Cardiology, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Rachel Mackey
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Premier Applied Sciences, Inc., Charlotte, NC
| | - Samar R. El Khoudary
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Elda Favari
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ryung S. Kim
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
| | - Carlos J. Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
| | - George Thanassoulis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal Canada
| | - Jorge R. Kizer
- Cardiology Section, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Haq ZU, Saleem A, Khan AA, Dar MA, Ganaie AM, Beigh YA, Hamadani H, Ahmad SM. Nutrigenomics in livestock sector and its human-animal interface-a review. Vet Anim Sci 2022; 17:100262. [PMID: 35856004 PMCID: PMC9287789 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2022.100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrigenomics unfolds the link between nutrition and gene expression for productivity.expression profile of intramuscular. Nutrigenomics helps scientists discover genes and DNA in each animal's cell or tissue by assisting them in selecting nutrients. It brings out the importance of micronutrition for increasing animal production. Nutrigenomics integrates nutrition, molecular biology, genomics, bioinformatics, molecular medicine, and epidemiology.
Noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, and cancer now outnumber all other health ailments in humans globally due to abrupt changes in lifestyle following the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution has also intensified livestock farming, resulting in an increased demand for productivity and stressed animals. The livestock industry faces significant challenges from a projected sharp increase in global food and high animal protein demand. Nutrition genomics holds great promise for the future as its advances have opened up a whole new world of disease understanding and prevention. Nutrigenomics is the study of the interactions between genes and diet. It investigates molecular relationships between nutrients and genes to identify how even minor modifications could potentially alter animal and human health/performance by using techniques like proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics. Dietary modifications mostly studied in livestock focus mainly on health and production traits through protein, fat, mineral, and vitamin supplementation changes. Nutrigenomics meticulously selects nutrients for fine-tuning the expression of genes that match animal/human genotypes for better health, productivity, and the environment. As a step forward, nutrigenomics integrates nutrition, molecular biology, genomics, bioinformatics, molecular medicine, and epidemiology to better understand the role of food as an epigenetic factor in the occurrence of these diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental concepts, latest advances, and studies in the field of nutrigenomics, emphasizing the interaction of diet with gene expression, and how it relates to human and animal health along with its human-animal interphase.
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18
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Koska J, Furtado J, Hu Y, Sinari S, Budoff MJ, Billheimer D, Nedelkov D, McClelland RL, Reaven PD. Plasma proteoforms of apolipoproteins C-I and C-II are associated with plasma lipids in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100263. [PMID: 35952903 PMCID: PMC9494236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoproteins (apo) C-I and C-II are key regulators of triglyceride and HDL metabolism. Both exist as full-size native and truncated (apoC-I'; apoC-II') posttranslational proteoforms. However, the determinants and the role of these proteoforms in lipid metabolism are unknown. Here, we measured apoC-I and apoC-II proteoforms by mass spectrometry immunoassay in baseline and 10-year follow-up plasma samples from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. We found that baseline total apoC-I (mean = 9.2 mg/dl) was lower in African Americans (AA), Chinese Americans (CA), and Hispanics (by 1.8; 1.0; 1.0 mg/dl vs. whites), higher in women (by 1.2 mg/dl), and positively associated with plasma triglycerides and HDL. Furthermore, we observed that the truncated-to-native apoC-I ratio (apoC-I'/C-I) was lower in CA, negatively associated with triglycerides, and positively associated with HDL. We determined that total apoC-II (8.8 mg/dl) was lower in AA (by 0.8 mg/dl) and higher in CA and Hispanics (by 0.5 and 0.4 mg/dl), positively associated with triglycerides, and negatively associated with HDL. In addition, apoC-II'/C-II was higher in AA and women, negatively associated with triglycerides, and positively associated with HDL. We showed that the change in triglycerides was positively associated with changes in total apoC-I and apoC-II and negatively associated with changes in apoC-I'/C-I and apoC-II'/C-II, whereas the change in HDL was positively associated with changes in total apoC-I and apoC-II'/C-II and negatively associated with change in total apoC-II. This study documents racial/ethnic variation in apoC-I and apoC-II plasma levels and highlights apolipoprotein posttranslational modification as a potential regulator of plasma lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Koska
- Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Jeremy Furtado
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Shripad Sinari
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Dean Billheimer
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Peter D Reaven
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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19
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Ichikawa K, Miyoshi T, Kotani K, Osawa K, Nakashima M, Nishihara T, Ito H. Association between high oxidized high-density lipoprotein levels and increased pericoronary inflammation determined by coronary computed tomography angiography. J Cardiol 2022; 80:410-415. [PMID: 35853799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function is a risk factor for cardiac mortality. We aimed to investigate the association between oxidized HDL (oxHDL) and pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) attenuation, a novel imaging biomarker of pericoronary inflammation, by using coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA). METHODS A total of 287 outpatients with suspected coronary artery disease who had undergone both oxHDL measurement and coronary CTA were examined. PCAT attenuation values were assessed at the proximal 10-50 mm segments of the right coronary artery on coronary CTA. The presence of significant stenosis (luminal narrowing of >50 %) and high-risk plaque characteristics were also evaluated. Patients were then classified into tertiles according to their oxHDL level: low (n = 95), moderate (n = 96), and high (n = 96) groups. RESULTS PCAT attenuation in the high oxHDL group was significantly higher than that in other groups after adjusting for age and apolipoprotein-A-I. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that oxHDL was significantly associated with PCAT attenuation in the right coronary artery (β = 3.832, p < 0.001), whereas HDL cholesterol was not. Furthermore, subgroup analyses demonstrated that the association between oxHDL and PCAT attenuation remained significant in older patients (β = 6.367, p < 0.001) and in those with hypertension (β = 4.922, p < 0.011), dyslipidemia (β = 3.264, p = 0.010), diabetes mellitus (β = 4.284, p = 0.015), and significant stenosis (β = 3.075, p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS High oxHDL levels were significantly associated with increased pericoronary inflammation, as assessed using coronary CTA. Our results may explain the association between impaired HDL function and the development of coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Ichikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toru Miyoshi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Kotani
- Division of Community and Family Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Osawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine 3, Kawasaki Medical School General Medicine Centre, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Nakashima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nishihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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20
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Guo W, Pencina KM, Furtado JD, Sacks FM, Vaisar T, Cheng M, Sniderman AD, Page ST, Bhasin S. Effect of Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator on Cholesterol Efflux Capacity, Size and Subspecies of HDL Particles. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac099. [PMID: 35822201 PMCID: PMC9271272 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), because of their preferential muscle vs prostate selectivity, are being developed for muscle-wasting conditions. Oral SARMs suppress high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) but their effects on functional capacity and atherogenic potential of HDL particles are unknown. Objective To determine the effects of an oral SARM (OPK-88004) on cholesterol efflux capacity, HDL particle number and size, apolipoprotein particle number and size and HDL subspecies Methods We measured cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC); HDL particle number and size; APOB; APOA1; and protein-defined HDL subspecies associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in men, who had undergone prostatectomy for low-grade prostate cancer during 12-week treatment with placebo or 1, 5, or 15 mg of an oral SARM (OPK-88004). Results SARM significantly suppressed HDL-C (P < .001) but HDL particle size did not change significantly. SARM had minimal effect on CEC of HDL particles (change + 0.016, –0.036, +0.070, and –0.048%/µmol-HDL/L–1 at 0, 1, 5, and 15 mg SARM, P = .045). SARM treatment suppressed APOAI (P < .001) but not APOB (P = .077), and reduced APOA1 in HDL subspecies associated with increased (subspecies containing α2-macroglobulin, complement C3, or plasminogen) as well as decreased (subspecies containing APOC1 or APOE) CHD risk; relative proportions of APOA1 in these HDL subspecies did not change. SARM increased hepatic triacylglycerol lipase (HTGL) (P < .001). Conclusion SARM treatment suppressed HDL-C but had minimal effect on its size or cholesterol efflux function. SARM reduced APOA1 in HDL subspecies associated with increased as well as decreased CHD risk. SARM-induced increase in HTGL could contribute to HDL-C suppression. These data do not support the simplistic notion that SARM-associated suppression of HDL-C is necessarily proatherogenic; randomized trials are needed to determine SARM’s effects on cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Guo
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism; Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA
| | - Karol M Pencina
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism; Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA
| | - Jeremy D Furtado
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition , University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ming Cheng
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism; Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA
| | - Allan D Sniderman
- Mike and Valeria Rosenbloom Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephanie T Page
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition , University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Shalender Bhasin
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism; Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA
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21
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Nishiyama H, Funamizu T, Iwata H, Endo H, Chikata Y, Doi S, Wada H, Naito R, Ogita M, Kato Y, Okai I, Dohi T, Kasai T, Isoda K, Okazaki S, Miyauchi K, Minamino T. Low Apolipoprotein
A1
was associated with increased risk of cancer mortality in patients following percutaneous coronary intervention: A 10‐year follow‐up study. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:1482-1490. [PMID: 35796324 PMCID: PMC9540779 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nishiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Takehiro Funamizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwata
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Hirohisa Endo
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuichi Chikata
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Shinichiro Doi
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Hideki Wada
- Department of Cardiology Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital Shizuoka Japan
| | - Ryo Naito
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Manabu Ogita
- Department of Cardiology Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital Shizuoka Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Iwao Okai
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomotaka Dohi
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kasai
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Kikuo Isoda
- Department of Cardiology Juntendo University Nerima Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Shinya Okazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Katsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
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22
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Viadas R, Toloba A, Fernández I, Sayols-Baixeras S, Hernáez Á, Schroeder H, Dégano IR, Lassale C, Marrugat J, Elosua R. Asociación de la actividad física con la funcionalidad de las lipoproteínas de alta densidad en una cohorte de base poblacional: el estudio REGICOR. Rev Esp Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2022.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Hafiane A, Ronca A, Kiss RS, Favari E. High Density Lipoprotein-Based Therapeutics: Novel Mechanism of Probucol in Foam Cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:895031. [PMID: 35557540 PMCID: PMC9086955 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.895031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Hafiane
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Anouar Hafiane
| | - Annalisa Ronca
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Robert S. Kiss
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elda Favari
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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24
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To critically appraise new insights into HDL structure and function in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). RECENT FINDINGS In young T1DM patients with early renal impairment and a high inflammatory score, both HDL antioxidative activity and endothelial vasodilatory function were impaired, revealing a critical link between HDL dysfunction, subclinical vascular damage, systemic inflammation and end organ damage. HDL may inhibit development of T2DM by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptotic loss of pancreatic β-cells, an effect due in part to ABC transporter-mediated efflux of specific oxysterols with downstream activation of the hedghehog signalling receptor, Smoothened. The apoM-sphingosine-1-phosphate complex is critical to HDL antidiabetic activity, encompassing protection against insulin resistance, promotion of insulin secretion, enhanced β-cell survival and inhibition of hepatic glucose production. Structure-function studies of HDL in hyperglycemic, dyslipidemic T2DM patients revealed both gain and loss of lipidomic and proteomic components. Such changes attenuated both the optimal protective effects of HDL on mitochondrial function and its capacity to inhibit endothelial cell apoptosis. Distinct structural components associated with individual HDL functions. SUMMARY Extensive evidence indicates that both the proteome and lipidome of HDL are altered in T1DM and T2DM, with impairment of multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. John Chapman
- Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University
- Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Pitie-Salpetriere University Hospital
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
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25
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Hooshdaran B, Pressly BB, Alferiev IS, Smith JD, Zoltick PW, Tschabrunn CM, Wilensky RL, Gorman RC, Levy RJ, Fishbein I. Stent-based delivery of AAV2 vectors encoding oxidation-resistant apoA1. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5464. [PMID: 35361857 PMCID: PMC8971450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In-stent restenosis (ISR) complicates revascularization in the coronary and peripheral arteries. Apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), the principal protein component of HDL possesses inherent anti-atherosclerotic and anti-restenotic properties. These beneficial traits are lost when wild type apoA1(WT) is subjected to oxidative modifications. We investigated whether local delivery of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors expressing oxidation-resistant apoA1(4WF) preserves apoA1 functionality. The efflux of 3H-cholesterol from macrophages to the media conditioned by endogenously produced apoA1(4WF) was 2.1-fold higher than for apoA1(WT) conditioned media in the presence of hypochlorous acid emulating conditions of oxidative stress. The proliferation of apoA1(WT)- and apoA1(4FW)-transduced rat aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) was inhibited by 66% ± 10% and 65% ± 11%, respectively, in comparison with non-transduced SMC (p < 0.001). Conversely, the proliferation of apoA1(4FW)-transduced, but not apoA1(WT)-transduced rat blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOEC) was increased 41% ± 5% (p < 0.001). Both apoA1 transduction conditions similarly inhibited basal and TNFα-induced reactive oxygen species in rat aortic endothelial cells (RAEC) and resulted in the reduced rat monocyte attachment to the TNFα-activated endothelium. AAV2-eGFP vectors immobilized reversibly on stainless steel mesh surfaces through the protein G/anti-AAV2 antibody coupling, efficiently transduced cells in culture modeling stent-based delivery. In vivo studies in normal pigs, deploying AAV2 gene delivery stents (GDS) preloaded with AAV2-eGFP in the coronary arteries demonstrated transduction of the stented arteries. However, implantation of GDS formulated with AAV2-apoA1(4WF) failed to prevent in-stent restenosis in the atherosclerotic vasculature of hypercholesterolemic diabetic pigs. It is concluded that stent delivery of AAV2-4WF while feasible, is not effective for mitigation of restenosis in the presence of severe atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Hooshdaran
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, CHOP, ARC, Room 702 C, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin B Pressly
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, CHOP, ARC, Room 702 C, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ivan S Alferiev
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, CHOP, ARC, Room 702 C, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - Philip W Zoltick
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, CHOP, ARC, Room 702 C, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Cory M Tschabrunn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Robert L Wilensky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Robert C Gorman
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Robert J Levy
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, CHOP, ARC, Room 702 C, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ilia Fishbein
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, CHOP, ARC, Room 702 C, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
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26
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Gao T, Wilkins JT, Zheng Y, Joyce BT, Jacobs DR, Schreiner PJ, Horvath S, Greenland P, Lloyd-Jones D, Hou L. Plasma lipid profiles in early adulthood are associated with epigenetic aging in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:16. [PMID: 35101102 PMCID: PMC8805309 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background GrimAge acceleration (GAA), an epigenetic marker that represents physiologic aging, is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, the associations between early adulthood lipid levels and GAA in midlife are unknown. Also, it is unknown whether GAA mediates the associations between lipid levels in young adults and subclinical atherosclerosis in midlife. Results We estimated measures of epigenetic age acceleration in 1118 White and Black participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study at examination years (Y) 15 and 20. We used multivariable regression models to examine associations of Y15 and Y20 GAA estimates with plasma lipid levels measured at prior examination years (Y0, Y5, and Y10) and concurrently: triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Mediation analysis was used to assess the extent to which GAA may mediate associations between plasma lipids and coronary artery calcification (CAC). In our study each 1-SD higher cumulative TG level was associated with an average 0.73 ± 0.12 years older GAA. Each 1-SD higher cumulative HDL-C level was associated with an average 0.57 ± 0.17 years younger GAA. Stratified analyses showed that the associations between TG and GAA were stronger among female and Black participants and the associations between HDL-C and GAA were stronger among female and White participants. GAA statistically mediated 17.4% of the association of cumulative TG with CAC. Conclusions High TG and low HDL-C in early adulthood are associated with accelerated epigenetic aging by midlife. Increased epigenetic age acceleration may partially mediate the associations between high TG levels and the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01222-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Center for Global Oncology, Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John T Wilkins
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yinan Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Center for Global Oncology, Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian T Joyce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Center for Global Oncology, Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Pamela J Schreiner
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Philip Greenland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Donald Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. .,Center for Global Oncology, Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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27
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Tokgözoğlu L, Libby P. The dawn of a new era of targeted lipid-lowering therapies. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:3198-3208. [PMID: 35051271 PMCID: PMC9448630 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease depend in part on lifestyle, but optimum control of lipids often demands additional measures. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) doubtless contributes causally to atherosclerosis. Recent human genetic findings have substantiated a number of novel targets for lipid-lowering therapy including apolipoprotein C-III, angiopoietin-like protein 3 and 4, apolipoprotein V, and ATP citrate lyase. These discoveries coupled with advances in biotechnology development afford new avenues for management of LDL and other aspects of lipid risk. Beyond LDL, new treatments targeting triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and lipoprotein(a) have become available and have entered clinical development. Biological and RNA-directed agents have joined traditional small-molecule approaches, which themselves have undergone considerable refinement. Innovative targeting strategies have increased efficacy of some of these novel interventions and markedly improved their tolerability. Gene-editing approaches have appeared on the horizon of lipid management. This article reviews this progress offering insight into novel biological and therapeutic discoveries, and places them into a practical patient care perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lale Tokgözoğlu
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sıhhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Peter Libby
- Corresponding author. Tel: +1 617 525 4383, Fax: +1 617 525 4400,
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28
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Atherogenic lipidomics profile in healthy individuals with low cardiorespiratory fitness: The HUNT3 fitness study. Atherosclerosis 2022; 343:51-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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29
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Hancock-Cerutti W, Millar JS, Valentini S, Liu J, Billheimer JT, Rader DJ, Cuchel M. Assessing HDL Metabolism in Subjects with Elevated Levels of HDL Cholesterol and Coronary Artery Disease. Molecules 2021; 26:6862. [PMID: 34833954 PMCID: PMC8623898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is thought to be atheroprotective yet some patients with elevated HDL-C levels develop cardiovascular disease, possibly due to the presence of dysfunctional HDL. We aimed to assess the metabolic fate of circulating HDL particles in patients with high HDL-C with and without coronary artery disease (CAD) using in vivo dual labeling of its cholesterol and protein moieties. We measured HDL apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apoA-II, free cholesterol (FC), and cholesteryl ester (CE) kinetics using stable isotope-labeled tracers (D3-leucine and 13C2-acetate) as well as ex vivo cholesterol efflux to HDL in subjects with (n = 6) and without (n = 6) CAD that had HDL-C levels >90th percentile. Healthy controls with HDL-C within the normal range (n = 6) who underwent the same procedures were used as the reference. Subjects with high HDL-C with and without CAD had similar plasma lipid levels and similar apoA-I, apoA-II, HDL FC, and CE pool sizes with no significant differences in fractional clearance rates (FCRs) or production rates (PRs) of these components between groups. Subjects with high HDL-C with and without CAD also had similar basal and cAMP-stimulated ex vivo cholesterol efflux to HDL. When all subjects were considered (n = 18), unstimulated non-ABCA1-mediated efflux (but not ABCA1-specific efflux) was correlated positively with apoA-I production (r = 0.552, p = 0.017) and HDL FC and CE pool sizes, and negatively with the fractional clearance rate of FC (r = -0.759, p = 4.1 × 10-4) and CE (r = -0.652, p = 4.57 × 10-3). Our data are consistent with the concept that ex vivo non-ABCA1 efflux capacity may correlate with slower in vivo turnover of HDL cholesterol moieties. The use of a dual labeling protocol provided for the first time the opportunity to assess the association of ex vivo cholesterol efflux capacity with in vivo HDL cholesterol metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marina Cuchel
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (W.H.-C.); (J.S.M.); (S.V.); (J.L.); (J.T.B.); (D.J.R.)
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Koch M, Aroner SA, Fitzpatrick AL, Longstreth WT, Furtado JD, Mukamal KJ, Jensen MK. HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) Subspecies, Prevalent Covert Brain Infarcts, and Incident Overt Ischemic Stroke: Cardiovascular Health Study. Stroke 2021; 53:1292-1300. [PMID: 34645286 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.034299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Whether HDL (high-density lipoprotein) is associated with risk of vascular brain injury is unclear. HDL is comprised of many apo (apolipoprotein) species, creating distinct subtypes of HDL. METHODS We utilized sandwich ELISA to determine HDL subspecies from plasma collected in 1998/1999 from 2001 CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study) participants (mean age, 80 years). RESULTS In cross-sectional analyses, participants with higher apoA1 in plasma and lower apoE in HDL were less likely to have prevalent covert magnetic resonance imaging-defined infarcts: odds ratio for apoA1 Q4 versus Q1, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.50-0.93), and odds ratio for apoE Q4 versus Q1, 1.36 (95% CI, 1.01-1.84). Similarly, apoA1 in the subspecies of HDL that lacked apoC3, apoJ, or apoE was inversely related to covert infarcts, and apoE in the subspecies of HDL that lacked apoC3 or apoJ was directly related to covert infarcts in prospective analyses. In contrast, the concentrations of apoA1 and apoE in the complementary subspecies of HDL that contained these apos were unrelated to covert infarcts. Patterns of associations between incident overt ischemic stroke and apoA1, apoE, and apoA1 and apoE in subspecies of HDL were similar to those observed for covert infarcts but less pronounced. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights HDL subspecies defined by apo content as relevant biomarkers of covert and overt vascular brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Koch
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (M.K., S.A.A., J.D.F., K.J.M., M.K.J.)
| | - Sarah A Aroner
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (M.K., S.A.A., J.D.F., K.J.M., M.K.J.).,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (S.A.A.)
| | - Annette L Fitzpatrick
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle. (A.L.F.).,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle. (A.L.F.).,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle. (A.L.F.)
| | - W T Longstreth
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle. (W.T.L.).,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle. (W.T.L.)
| | - Jeremy D Furtado
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (M.K., S.A.A., J.D.F., K.J.M., M.K.J.)
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (M.K., S.A.A., J.D.F., K.J.M., M.K.J.).,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (K.J.M.)
| | - Majken K Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (M.K., S.A.A., J.D.F., K.J.M., M.K.J.).,Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (M.K.J.)
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31
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Darabi M, Kontush A. High-density lipoproteins (HDL): Novel function and therapeutic applications. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1867:159058. [PMID: 34624514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The failure of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-raising agents to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) together with recent findings of increased cardiovascular mortality in subjects with extremely high HDL-cholesterol levels provide new opportunities to revisit our view of HDL. The concept of HDL function developed to explain these contradictory findings has recently been expanded by a role played by HDL in the lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs) by lipoprotein lipase. According to the reverse remnant-cholesterol transport (RRT) hypothesis, HDL critically contributes to TGRL lipolysis via acquirement of surface lipids, including free cholesterol, released from TGRL. Ensuing cholesterol transport to the liver with excretion into the bile may reduce cholesterol influx in the arterial wall by accelerating removal from circulation of atherogenic, cholesterol-rich TGRL remnants. Such novel function of HDL opens wide therapeutic applications to reduce CVD in statin-treated patients, which primarily involve activation of cholesterol flux upon lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Darabi
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMRS 1166 ICAN, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Anatol Kontush
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMRS 1166 ICAN, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
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He H, Hong K, Liu L, Schwendeman A. Artificial high-density lipoprotein-mimicking nanotherapeutics for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1737. [PMID: 34263549 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the ability of current efficacious low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol-lowering therapies to reduce total cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks, CVD still poses major risks for morbidity and mortality to the general population. Because of the pleiotropic endothelial protective effects of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), the direct infusion of reconstituted HDL (rHDL) products, including MDCO-216, CER001, and CSL112, have been tested in clinical trials to determine whether direct infusion of rHDL can reduce coronary events in CVD patients. In addition to these rHDL products, in the past two decades, there has been an increased focused on designing artificial HDL-mimicking nanotherapeutics to produce complementary therapeutic strategies for CVD patients beyond lowering of atherogenic lipoproteins. Although recent reviews have comprehensively discussed the developments of artificial HDL-mimicking nanoparticles as therapeutics for CVD, there has been little assessment of "plain" or "drug-free" HDL-mimicking nanoparticles as therapeutics alone. In this review, we will summarize the clinical outcomes of rHDL products, examine recent advances in other types of artificial HDL-mimicking nanotherapeutics, including polymeric nanoparticles, cyclodextrins, micelles, metal nanoparticles, and so on; and potential new approaches for future CVD interventions. Moreover, success stories, lessons, and interpretations of the utility and functionality of these HDL-mimicking nanotherapeutics will be an integral part of this article. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Cardiovascular Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering and Collaborative, Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kristen Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lisha Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for R&D and Evaluation of Intelligent Drugs and Key Functional Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Queiroz MP, da Silva Lima M, de Melo MFFT, Queiroga RDCRDE, Bessa RJB, Alves SPA, Barbosa Soares JK. Maternal consumption of conjugated linoleic acid improves tolerance to glucose and hdl-cholesterol in the rat progeny. Food Funct 2021; 11:9075-9085. [PMID: 33026015 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00410c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Our study evaluates the impacts of maternal consumption of different levels of CLA during pregnancy and lactation on physical and metabolic changes in the rat progeny. Three groups were formed: control (CG) - diet without CLA; CLA1 - diet containing 1% CLA; and CLA3 - diet containing 3% CLA. Murinometry, body fat collection, biochemical analysis, glycemic curves, liver fat amount, and fatty acid profiles of the liver were studied. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by the Tukey test (p < 0.05). The CLA3 group presented highest body weight, feed intake and BMI (p < 0.05). The retroperitoneal fat, epididymal fat, and body fat index were higher in the CLA1 and CLA3 groups (p < 0.05) but no difference was observed for mesenteric fat. Yet in contrast, the experimental groups presented lower abdominal circumference and glycemic curves when compared to the CG (p < 0.05). CLA1 and CLA3 groups presented higher values of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.05), yet no difference was found in serum triglycerides or LDL. The CLA3 group presented less n-3, n-6, total PUFA, and arachidonic acid in liver fat (p < 0.05). The CLA1 and CLA3 groups were higher in total MUFA in the liver fat. In conclusion, CLA when consumed during gestation and lactation increased: tolerance to glucose, HDL, and the body fat index in the offspring. Only the CLA3 group presented reduced total PUFA, n-3, n-6 and arachidonic acid in the offspring's liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelly Pires Queiroz
- Program of Food Science and Tecnology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Martiniano da Silva Lima
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, CG, Brazil
| | | | - Rita de Cássia Ramos do Egypto Queiroga
- Program of Food Science and Tecnology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil. and Laboratory of Bromatology, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Rui José Branquinho Bessa
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Paula Almeida Alves
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Juliana Késsia Barbosa Soares
- Program of Food Science and Tecnology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil. and Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, CG, Brazil
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34
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Mei Y, Tang L, Xiao Q, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zang J, Zhou J, Wang Y, Wang W, Ren M. Reconstituted high density lipoprotein (rHDL), a versatile drug delivery nanoplatform for tumor targeted therapy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:612-633. [PMID: 33306079 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02139c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
rHDL is a synthesized drug delivery nanoplatform exhibiting excellent biocompatibility, which possesses most of the advantages of HDL. rHDL shows almost no toxicity and can be degraded to non-toxic substances in vivo. The severe limitation of the application of various antitumor agents is mainly due to their low bioavailability, high toxicity, poor stability, etc. Favorably, antitumor drug-loaded rHDL nanoparticles (NPs), which are known as an important drug delivery system (DDS), help to change the situation a lot. This DDS shows an outstanding active-targeting ability towards tumor cells and improves the therapeutic effect during antitumor treatment while overcoming the shortcomings mentioned above. In the following text, we will mainly focus on the various applications of rHDL in tumor targeted therapy by describing the properties, preparation, receptor active-targeting ability and antitumor effects of antineoplastic drug-loaded rHDL NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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35
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Fernández-Castillejo S, Pedret A, Catalán Ú, Valls RM, Farràs M, Rubió L, Castañer O, Macià A, Fitó M, Motilva MJ, Covas MI, Giera M, Remaley AT, Solà R. Virgin Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds Modulate the HDL Lipidome in Hypercholesterolaemic Subjects: A Lipidomic Analysis of the VOHF Study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001192. [PMID: 33561904 PMCID: PMC9286430 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Scope The lipidomic analysis of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) could be useful to identify new biomarkers of HDL function. Methods and results A randomized, controlled, double‐blind, crossover trial (33 hypercholesterolaemic subjects) is performed with a control virgin olive oil (VOO), VOO enriched with its own phenolic compounds (FVOO), or VOO enriched with additional phenolic compounds from thyme (FVOOT) for 3 weeks. HDL lipidomic analyses are performed using the Lipidyzer platform. VOO and FVOO intake increase monounsaturated‐fatty acids (FAs) and decrease saturated and polyunsaturated FAs in triacylglyceride (TAG) species, among others species. In contrast, FVOOT intake does not induce these FAs changes. The decrease in TAG52:3(FA16:0) after VOO intake and the decrease in TAG52:5(FA18:2) after FVOO intake are inversely associated with changes in HDL resistance to oxidation. After FVOO intake, the decrease in TAG54:6(FA18:2) in HDL is inversely associated with changes in HDL cholesterol efflux capacity. Conclusion VOO and FVOO consumption has an impact on the HDL lipidome, in particular TAG species. Although TAGs are minor components of HDL mass, the observed changes in TAG modulated HDL functionality towards a cardioprotective mode. The assessment of the HDL lipidome is a valuable approach to identify and characterize new biomarkers of HDL function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Grup Nutrició Funcional, Oxidació i Malalties Cardiovasculars (NFOC-Salut), Reus, 43201, Spain.,Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, 43204, Spain
| | - Anna Pedret
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Grup Nutrició Funcional, Oxidació i Malalties Cardiovasculars (NFOC-Salut), Reus, 43201, Spain.,Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, 43204, Spain
| | - Úrsula Catalán
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Grup Nutrició Funcional, Oxidació i Malalties Cardiovasculars (NFOC-Salut), Reus, 43201, Spain.,Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, 43204, Spain
| | - Rosa-Maria Valls
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Grup Nutrició Funcional, Oxidació i Malalties Cardiovasculars (NFOC-Salut), Reus, 43201, Spain
| | - Marta Farràs
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, 08041, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Food Technology Department, XaRTA-TPV, Agrotecnio Center, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària, University of Lleida. Avda/ Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Catalonia, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain.,PhD Program in Biomedicine, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08005, Spain.,Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Alba Macià
- Food Technology Department, XaRTA-TPV, Agrotecnio Center, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària, University of Lleida. Avda/ Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Catalonia, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Montse Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain.,PhD Program in Biomedicine, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08005, Spain.,Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Maria José Motilva
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino-ICVV (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja), Finca La Grajera, Ctra. de Burgos Km. 6 (LO-20 - salida 13), Logroño (La Rioja), 26007, Spain
| | - Maria-Isabel Covas
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain.,NUPROAS Handelsbolag (NUPROAS HB), Nacka, Sweden
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Lipoprotein Metabolism Section Cardio-Pulmonary Branch National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Rosa Solà
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Grup Nutrició Funcional, Oxidació i Malalties Cardiovasculars (NFOC-Salut), Reus, 43201, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, 43204, Spain.,Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, 43204, Spain
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He J, Yang Y, Zhou X, Zhang W, Liu J. Shuttle/sink model composed of β-cyclodextrin and simvastatin-loaded discoidal reconstituted high-density lipoprotein for enhanced cholesterol efflux and drug uptake in macrophage/foam cells. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:1496-1506. [PMID: 31999290 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Targeting drug delivery to macrophage/foam cells is challenged owing to the poor cell permeability and fluidity resulting from the massive accumulation of intracellular cholesterol in atherosclerosis (AS). Discoidal reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (d-rHDL) has been well regarded as a potential drug delivery system for AS by virtue of its plaque-targeting and cholesterol removal abilities, while the latter is compromised by the high activation energy of cholesterol efflux. It is reported that a low concentration of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) can function as a cholesterol shuttle to promote cholesterol efflux from cells to the extracellular acceptors (cholesterol sink, such as HDL particles), but it is still unknown whether the combination of β-CD with a drug-loaded d-rHDL can function as a shuttle/sink model to promote the remodeling and drug release of the d-rHDL carrier after accelerating the cholesterol efflux. Furthermore, it is interesting to investigate whether enhanced cholesterol efflux can improve the cellular drug uptake by restoring the permeability and fluidity of the cell membrane. Here, simvastatin-loaded d-rHDL (ST-d-rHDL) was combined with different concentrations of β-CD. Compared with ST-d-rHDL alone, the cholesterol removal ability of ST-d-rHDL combined with 0.5 mM of β-CD increased by 31-fold after incubation for 6 h and the cumulative drug release of ST-d-rHDL increased by two-fold during the initial 1 h in an acellular mimetic system. In macrophage/foam cells, 0.5 mM of β-CD showed superior promoting effects in the cholesterol removal ability and remodeling of ST-d-rHDL compared to 0.1 mM of β-CD. The high concentration of β-CD at 2 mM displayed a low efficiency for accelerating cholesterol efflux, which might function as a cholesterol sink rather than a cholesterol shuttle. Moreover, the permeability and fluidity of the cell membrane were improved by combining 0.5 mM of β-CD with ST-d-rHDL, which exhibited an enhanced cellular drug uptake and inhibiting effect on the intracellular lipid deposition and secretion of inflammatory cytokine. Collectively, combination of β-CD and ST-d-rHDL as a shuttle/sink model could enhance cholesterol efflux and drug uptake to suppress inflammation in macrophage/foam cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Long-acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System, Shandong Luye Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yantai, Shandong 264670, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoju Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China. and Institute of Pharmaceutics, Nanjing Research Center, Jiangsu Chia-tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P. R. China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China.
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Singh SA, Andraski AB, Higashi H, Lee LH, Ramsaroop A, Sacks FM, Aikawa M. Metabolism of PLTP, CETP, and LCAT on multiple HDL sizes using the Orbitrap Fusion Lumos. JCI Insight 2021; 6:143526. [PMID: 33351780 PMCID: PMC7934878 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent in vivo tracer studies demonstrated that targeted mass spectrometry (MS) on the Q Exactive Orbitrap could determine the metabolism of HDL proteins 100s-fold less abundant than apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1). In this study, we demonstrate that the Orbitrap Lumos can measure tracer in proteins whose abundances are 1000s-fold less than APOA1, specifically the lipid transfer proteins phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), and lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT). Relative to the Q Exactive, the Lumos improved tracer detection by reducing tracer enrichment compression, thereby providing consistent enrichment data across multiple HDL sizes from 6 participants. We determined by compartmental modeling that PLTP is secreted in medium and large HDL (alpha2, alpha1, and alpha0) and is transferred from medium to larger sizes during circulation from where it is catabolized. CETP is secreted mainly in alpha1 and alpha2 and remains in these sizes during circulation. LCAT is secreted mainly in medium and small HDL (alpha2, alpha3, prebeta). Unlike PLTP and CETP, LCAT’s appearance on HDL is markedly delayed, indicating that LCAT may reside for a time outside of systemic circulation before attaching to HDL in plasma. The determination of these lipid transfer proteins’ unique metabolic structures was possible due to advances in MS technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha A Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allison B Andraski
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hideyuki Higashi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lang Ho Lee
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashisha Ramsaroop
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Busnelli M, Manzini S, Chiara M, Colombo A, Fontana F, Oleari R, Potì F, Horner D, Bellosta S, Chiesa G. Aortic Gene Expression Profiles Show How ApoA-I Levels Modulate Inflammation, Lysosomal Activity, and Sphingolipid Metabolism in Murine Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:651-667. [PMID: 33327742 PMCID: PMC7837693 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HDL (high-density lipoprotein) particles are known to possess several antiatherogenic properties that include the removal of excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues, the maintenance of endothelial integrity, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. ApoA-I overexpression in apoE-deficient (EKO) mice has been shown to increase HDL levels and to strongly reduce atherosclerosis development. The aim of the study was to investigate gene expression patterns associated with atherosclerosis development in the aorta of EKO mice and how HDL plasma levels relate to gene expression patterns at different stages of atherosclerosis development and with different dietary treatments. Approach and Results: Eight-week-old EKO mice, EKO mice overexpressing human apoA-I, and wild-type mice as controls were fed either normal laboratory or Western diet for 6 or 22 weeks. Cholesterol distribution among lipoproteins was evaluated, and atherosclerosis of the aorta was quantified. High-throughput sequencing technologies were used to analyze the transcriptome of the aorta of the 3 genotypes in each experimental condition. In addition to the well-known activation of inflammation and immune response, the impairment of sphingolipid metabolism, phagosome-lysosome system, and osteoclast differentiation emerged as relevant players in atherosclerosis development. The reduced atherosclerotic burden in the aorta of EKO mice expressing high levels of apoA-I was accompanied by a reduced activation of immune system markers, as well as reduced perturbation of lysosomal activity and a better regulation of the sphingolipid synthesis pathway. CONCLUSIONS ApoA-I modulates atherosclerosis development in the aorta of EKO mice affecting the expression of pathways additional to those associated with inflammation and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Busnelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (M.B., S.M., A.C., F.F., R.O., S.B., G.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Manzini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (M.B., S.M., A.C., F.F., R.O., S.B., G.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Chiara
- Department of Biosciences (M.C., D.H.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Bari, Italy (M.C., D.H.)
| | - Alice Colombo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (M.B., S.M., A.C., F.F., R.O., S.B., G.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fontana
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (M.B., S.M., A.C., F.F., R.O., S.B., G.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Oleari
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (M.B., S.M., A.C., F.F., R.O., S.B., G.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Potì
- Department of Medicine and Surgery—Unit of Neurosciences, University of Parma, Italy (F.P.)
| | - David Horner
- Department of Biosciences (M.C., D.H.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Bari, Italy (M.C., D.H.)
| | - Stefano Bellosta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (M.B., S.M., A.C., F.F., R.O., S.B., G.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (M.B., S.M., A.C., F.F., R.O., S.B., G.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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Han P, Man J, Hao Y, Wu L, Wang J, Yang W, Wang F, Tian Y. Metabolomic analysis of plasma from normal-weight adults with hypo-HDL cholesterolemia by UPLC-QTOF MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5073. [PMID: 33453122 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is negatively correlated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of hypo-HDL cholesterolemia is as high as 33.9%. The plasma metabolomic differences between hypo-HDL cholesterolemia populations and normal controls were investigated using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Participants with hypo-HDL cholesterolemia and normal controls were clearly discriminated from each other on the orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis score plot and a total of 90 differential metabolites were identified, including down-regulated phosphatidylserine [18:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)], phosphatidylcholine [19:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)], phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine [18:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E) (15Ke)], etc., and up-regulated triglyceride [15:0/18:1(9Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)][iso6], 13-methyl-1-tritriacontene, tridodecylamine, etc. Most of the changed metabolites were lipids, notably, a significant part of which were odd chain fatty acid incorporated lipids. Carnitine shuttle was the most significant metabolic pathway, except for the disturbed glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycosphingolipid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism in participants with hypo-HDL cholesterolemia. We identified the key metabolites and metabolic pathways that may be changed in hypo-HDL cholesterolemia participants, providing useful clues for studying the metabolic mechanisms and for early prevention of hypo-HDL cholesterolemia and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Han
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jin Man
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yun Hao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Longjie Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongmei Tian
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Benefits and hazards of alcohol-the J-shaped curve and public health. DRUGS AND ALCOHOL TODAY 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/dat-09-2020-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is a review of updated evidence of a J-shaped association between alcohol consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and all-cause mortality in relation to public health issues to create a basis for sensible individual health deliberations.
Design/methodology/approach
A review of the evidence from the first observation of a J-shaped association between a moderate alcohol intake and CHD in 1926 to recent studies of the effect of healthy lifestyles (including moderate alcohol intake) on life expectancy free of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and Type 2 diabetes. An update on the biological plausibility of the J-shaped association with focus on recent findings of the association of alcohol intake and blood lipid levels.
Findings
Plausible J-shaped relations between light to moderate alcohol consumption and the risk of CHD, CVD mortality and all-cause mortality have been found in a large number of robust epidemiological studies. Among the potential mechanisms underlying the proposed protective effects are higher levels of high-density lipoprotein lacking apolipoprotein C3, reduced platelet aggregability, increased level of endothelial cell fibrinolysis, increased insulin sensitivity and decreased inflammation.
Originality/value
The existence of a J-shaped association between alcohol consumption and the risk of CHD and all-cause mortality is based on observational evidence and accordingly challenged by a degree of uncertainty leading some public health circles to state: “there is no safe level of alcohol consumption.” The authors propose that communication on the pros and cons of alcohol intake should emphasize the nadir of a J-shaped curve as a healthy range for the general population while advice regarding the consumption of alcohol should be adjusted to factor in the risks and potential benefits for each individual patient considering age, sex, family history, personal drinking history and specific medical history.
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HDL and Reverse Remnant-Cholesterol Transport (RRT): Relevance to Cardiovascular Disease. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:1086-1100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Prats-Uribe A, Sayols-Baixeras S, Fernández-Sanlés A, Subirana I, Carreras-Torres R, Vilahur G, Civeira F, Marrugat J, Fitó M, Hernáez Á, Elosua R. High-density lipoprotein characteristics and coronary artery disease: a Mendelian randomization study. Metabolism 2020; 112:154351. [PMID: 32891675 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess whether genetically determined quantitative and qualitative HDL characteristics were independently associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS We designed a two-sample multivariate Mendelian randomization study with available genome-wide association summary data. We identified genetic variants associated with HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I levels, HDL size, particle levels, and lipid content to define our genetic instrumental variables in one sample (Kettunen et al. study, n = 24,925) and analyzed their association with CAD risk in a different study (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D, n = 184,305). We validated these results by defining our genetic variables in another database (METSIM, n = 8372) and studied their relationship with CAD in the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D dataset. To estimate the effect size of the associations of interest adjusted for other lipoprotein traits and minimize potential pleiotropy, we used the Multi-trait-based Conditional & Joint analysis. RESULTS Genetically determined HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I levels were not associated with CAD. HDL mean diameter (β = 0.27 [95%CI = 0.19; 0.35]), cholesterol levels in very large HDLs (β = 0.29 [95%CI = 0.17; 0.40]), and triglyceride content in very large HDLs (β = 0.14 [95%CI = 0.040; 0.25]) were directly associated with CAD risk, whereas the cholesterol content in medium-sized HDLs (β = -0.076 [95%CI = -0.10; -0.052]) was inversely related to this risk. These results were validated in the METSIM-CARDIoGRAMplusC4D data. CONCLUSIONS Some qualitative HDL characteristics (related to size, particle distribution, and cholesterol and triglyceride content) are related to CAD risk while HDL cholesterol levels are not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Prats-Uribe
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Unit, Parc de Salut Mar-Universitat Pompeu Fabra-ISGLOBAL, Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Sergi Sayols-Baixeras
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Campus del Mar, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Alba Fernández-Sanlés
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Campus del Mar, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Isaac Subirana
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Robert Carreras-Torres
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Fernando Civeira
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Lipid Unit, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Jaume Marrugat
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Girona Heart Registre Research Group (REGICOR), IMIM, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Álvaro Hernáez
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Risk, Nutrition, and Aging Research Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Blanquerna School of Life Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain.
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McMahon KM, Calvert AE, Dementieva IS, Hussain S, Wilkins JT, Thaxton CS. Interparticle Molecular Exchange of Surface Chemical Components of Native High-Density Lipoproteins to Complementary Nanoparticle Scaffolds. ACS Sens 2020; 5:3019-3024. [PMID: 32643928 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are constitutionally dynamic nanoparticles that circulate in the blood. The biological functions of HDLs are impacted by interchangeable surface chemical components, like cholesterol and HDL-associated proteins. Current methods to quantify the chemical constituents of HDL are largely restricted to clinical or academic laboratories and require expensive instrumentation, and there is no commonality to the techniques required to detect and quantify different analytes (e.g., cholesterol versus HDL-associated protein). To potentially facilitate and streamline the analysis of HDL composition, we hypothesized that mixing native HDLs with similarly sized gold nanoparticles whose surfaces are endowed with phospholipids, called complementary nanoparticle scaffolds (CNS), would enable interparticle exchange of surface components. Then, easy isolation of the newly formed particles could be accomplished using benchtop centrifugation for subsequent measurement of HDL components exchanged to the surface of the CNS. As proof-of-concept, data demonstrate that CNS incubated with only a few microliters of human serum rapidly (1 h) sequester cholesterol and HDL-associated proteins with direct correlation to native HDLs. As such, data show that the CNS assay is a single platform for rapid isolation and subsequent detection of the surface components of native HDLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylin M. McMahon
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Northwestern University, Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology (SQI), Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Andrea E. Calvert
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Northwestern University, Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology (SQI), Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Irina S. Dementieva
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Northwestern University, Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology (SQI), Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Saber Hussain
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson
Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - John T. Wilkins
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - C. Shad Thaxton
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Northwestern University, Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology (SQI), Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Northwestern University, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Northwestern University, International Institute of Nanotechnology, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Bjornevik K, O'Reilly ÉJ, Cortese M, Furtado JD, Kolonel LN, Le Marchand L, Mccullough ML, Paganoni S, Schwarzschild MA, Shadyab AH, Manson JE, Ascherio A. Pre-diagnostic plasma lipid levels and the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2020; 22:133-143. [PMID: 32985910 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2020.1822411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether pre-diagnostic lipid levels are associated with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) risk. Methods: We conducted a matched case-control study nested in five large prospective US cohorts (the Nurses' Health Study, the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort, the Multiethnic Cohort Study, and the Women's Health Initiative), and identified 275 individuals who developed ALS during follow-up and had provided blood samples before disease diagnosis. For each ALS case, we randomly selected two controls who were alive at the time of the case diagnosis and matched on cohort, birth year (±1 year), sex, race/ethnicity, fasting status, and time of blood draw. We measured total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) levels in the plasma samples, and used conditional logistic regression to estimate associations between lipid levels and ALS risk. Results: Higher levels of HDL-C were associated with higher ALS risk in an analysis adjusted for the matching factors (risk ratio [RR] Q4 vs. Q1: 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-2.69, p trend: 0.007). The estimate remained similar in a multivariable analysis additionally adjusted for body mass index, physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, plasma urate levels, and use of cholesterol-lowering drugs (RR Q4 vs. Q1: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.07-2.73, p trend: 0.02). Plasma levels of TC, LDL-C, and TG were not associated with ALS risk. Conclusions: Higher pre-diagnostic HDL-C levels, but not levels of other lipids, were associated with a higher risk of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjetil Bjornevik
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Éilis J O'Reilly
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,School of Public Health, College of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marianna Cortese
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy D Furtado
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurence N Kolonel
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Sabrina Paganoni
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Schwarzschild
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joann E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Low cholesterol syndrome and drug development. Curr Opin Cardiol 2020; 35:423-427. [PMID: 32452920 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Low cholesterol syndromes were considered curiosities. The present article reviews some hypolipidaemic disorders and the drugs developed from the insights they provided. RECENT FINDINGS Abetalipopoproteinaemia and hypobetalipoproteinaemia are associated with low cholesterol concentrations and caused by mutations in apolipoprotein (apo) B or microsomal transfer protein. This led to the development of mipomersen and lomitapide which are used to treat homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Mutations in proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin-9 (PCSK9) can cause either high or low cholesterol. Loss of function PCSK9 mutations prompted the development of antibody therapies to PCSK9 which are now widely used to treat hypercholesterolaemia. Mutations in apolipoprotein C-3 and angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) cause hypolipoproteinaemia and reduced triglycerides. Antisense therapies to apolipoprotein C-3 and antibodies to ANGPTL3 are in development to treat familial chylomicronaemia syndrome. Activating mutations in apoA-1 result in hyper-functioning high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and suggest that modifying HDL turnover may reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. SUMMARY Orphan lipid disorders have provided insights into mechanisms involved in lowering cholesterol levels and the potential safety and efficacy of interventional processes. They have been not only enabled development of drugs to treat rare lipid disorders but also those finding wider use in general lowering of CVD risk.
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Sacks FM, Liang L, Furtado JD, Cai T, Davidson WS, He Z, McClelland RL, Rimm EB, Jensen MK. Protein-Defined Subspecies of HDLs (High-Density Lipoproteins) and Differential Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in 4 Prospective Studies. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2714-2727. [PMID: 32907368 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HDL (high-density lipoprotein) contains functional proteins that define single subspecies, each comprising 1% to 12% of the total HDL. We studied the differential association with coronary heart disease (CHD) of 15 such subspecies. Approach and Results: We measured plasma apoA1 (apolipoprotein A1) concentrations of 15 protein-defined HDL subspecies in 4 US-based prospective studies. Among participants without CVD at baseline, 932 developed CHD during 10 to 25 years. They were matched 1:1 to controls who did not experience CHD. In each cohort, hazard ratios for each subspecies were computed by conditional logistic regression and combined by meta-analysis. Higher levels of HDL subspecies containing alpha-2 macroglobulin, CoC3 (complement C3), HP (haptoglobin), or PLMG (plasminogen) were associated with higher relative risk compared with the HDL counterpart lacking the defining protein (hazard ratio range, 0.96-1.11 per 1 SD increase versus 0.73-0.81, respectively; P for heterogeneity <0.05). In contrast, HDL containing apoC1 or apoE were associated with lower relative risk compared with the counterpart (hazard ratio, 0.74; P=0.002 and 0.77, P=0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Several subspecies of HDL defined by single proteins that are involved in thrombosis, inflammation, immunity, and lipid metabolism are found in small fractions of total HDL and are associated with higher relative risk of CHD compared with HDL that lacks the defining protein. In contrast, HDL containing apoC1 or apoE are robustly associated with lower risk. The balance between beneficial and harmful subspecies in a person's HDL sample may determine the risk of CHD pertaining to HDL and paths to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition (F.M.S., J.F.D., M.K.J., E.B.R.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.B.R., F.M.S.)
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Biostatistics (Z.H., T.C., L.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jeremy D Furtado
- Department of Nutrition (F.M.S., J.F.D., M.K.J., E.B.R.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Tianxi Cai
- Department of Biostatistics (Z.H., T.C., L.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (W.S.D.)
| | - Zeling He
- Department of Biostatistics (Z.H., T.C., L.L.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Nutrition (F.M.S., J.F.D., M.K.J., E.B.R.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.B.R., F.M.S.)
| | - Majken K Jensen
- Department of Nutrition (F.M.S., J.F.D., M.K.J., E.B.R.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology (M.K.J., E.B.R), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Microencapsulated Pomegranate Modifies the Composition and Function of High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) in New Zealand Rabbits. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143297. [PMID: 32708063 PMCID: PMC7397439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that pomegranate, which is a source of several bioactive molecules, induces modifications of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) lipid composition and functionality. However, it remains unclear whether the beneficial effects of pomegranate are related to improvement in the lipid components of HDL. Therefore, in this placebo-controlled study, we characterized the size and lipid composition of HDL subclasses and assessed the functionality of these lipoproteins after 30 days of supplementation with a pomegranate microencapsulated (MiPo) in New Zealand white rabbits. We observed a significant decrease in plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and non-HDL sphingomyelin, as well as increases in HDL cholesterol and HDL phospholipids after supplementation with MiPo. Concomitantly, the triglycerides of the five HDL subclasses isolated by electrophoresis significantly decreased, whereas phospholipids, cholesterol, and sphingomyelin of HDL subclasses, as well as the HDL size distribution remained unchanged. Of particular interest, the triglycerides content of HDL, estimated by the triglycerides-to-phospholipids ratio, decreased significantly after MiPo supplementation. The modification on the lipid content after the supplementation was associated with an increased resistance of HDL to oxidation as determined by the conjugated dienes formation catalyzed by Cu2+. Accordingly, paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity determined with phenylacetate as substrate increased after MiPo. The effect of HDL on endothelial function was analyzed by the response to increasing doses of acetylcholine of aorta rings co-incubated with the lipoproteins in an isolated organ bath. The HDL from rabbits that received placebo partially inhibited the endothelium-dependent vasodilation. In contrast, the negative effect of HDL on endothelial function was reverted by MiPo supplementation. These results show that the beneficial effects of pomegranate are mediated at least in part by improving the functionality of HDL, probably via the reduction of the content of triglycerides in these lipoproteins.
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Koch M, DeKosky ST, Goodman M, Sun J, Furtado JD, Fitzpatrick AL, Mackey RH, Cai T, Lopez OL, Kuller LH, Mukamal KJ, Jensen MK. Association of Apolipoprotein E in Lipoprotein Subspecies With Risk of Dementia. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e209250. [PMID: 32648923 PMCID: PMC7352155 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene and lower apolipoprotein E (apoE) protein levels in plasma are risk factors for Alzheimer disease, but the underlying biological mechanisms are not fully understood. Half of plasma apoE circulates on high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). Higher apoE levels in plasma HDL were previously found to be associated with lower coronary heart disease risk, but the coexistence of another apolipoprotein, apoC3, modified this lower risk. Objective To investigate associations between the presence of apoE in different lipoproteins with cognitive function, particularly the risk of dementia. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective case-cohort study embedded in the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study (2000-2008) analyzed data from 1351 community-dwelling participants 74 years and older. Of this group, 995 participants were free of dementia at baseline (recruited from September 2000 to June 2002) and 521 participants were diagnosed with incident dementia during follow-up until 2008. Data analysis was performed from January 2018 to December 2019. Exposures Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-measured concentration of apoE in whole plasma, HDL-depleted plasma (non-HDL), HDL, and HDL subspecies that contain or lack apoC3 or apoJ. Main Outcomes and Measures Adjusted hazard ratios for risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease during follow-up and adjusted differences (β coefficients) in Alzheimer Disease Assessment-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog) and Modified Mini-Mental State Examination scores at baseline. Results Among 1351 participants, the median (interquartile range) age was 78 (76-81) years; 639 (47.3%) were women. The median (interquartile range) follow-up time was 5.9 (3.7-6.5) years. Higher whole plasma apoE levels and higher apoE levels in HDL were associated with better cognitive function assessed by ADAS-cog (whole plasma, β coefficient, -0.15; 95% CI, -0.24 to -0.06; HDL, β coefficient, -0.20; 95% CI, -0.30 to -0.10) but were unassociated with dementia or Alzheimer disease risk. When separated by apoC3, a higher apoE level in HDL that lacks apoC3 was associated with better cognitive function (ADAS-cog per SD: β coefficient, 0.17; 95% CI, -0.27 to -0.07; Modified Mini-Mental State Examination score per SD: β coefficient, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.42) and lower risk of dementia (hazard ratio per SD, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.99). In contrast, apoE levels in HDL that contains apoC3 were unassociated with any of these outcomes. Conclusions and Relevance In a prospective cohort of older adults with rigorous follow-up of dementia, the apoE level in HDL that lacked apoC3 was associated with better cognitive function and lower dementia risk. This finding suggests that the cardioprotective associations of this novel lipoprotein extend to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Koch
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Matthew Goodman
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jiehuan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeremy D. Furtado
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Rachel H. Mackey
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Tianxi Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Oscar L. Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lewis H. Kuller
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kenneth J. Mukamal
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Majken K. Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Extensive work has gone into understanding the genetics of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and implicating genes involved in hyperlipidaemia. Translation into routine practise involves using genetic risk scores (GRS) to identify high-risk individuals in the general population. Some of these risk scores are beginning to disentangle the complex nature of CVD and inherited dyslipidaemias. RECENT FINDINGS GRS of varying complexity have been used to identify high-risk groups of patients with polygenic CVD including some individuals with risk equivalent to monogenic disease. In phenotypic familial hypercholesterolaemia a six or 12 gene lipid GRS may identify polygenic cases that comprise up to 50% of cases. In high triglyceride syndromes including even cases of familial chylomicronaemia syndrome more than 80% of cases are polygenic and not even associated with rare variants. In both familial hypercholesterolaemia and familial chylomicronaemia syndrome individuals with polygenic disease have a lower risk than those with monogenic disease. SUMMARY GRS show promise in identifying individuals with high risks of CVD. They have a close relationship with imaging markers. It is unclear whether GRS, imaging or both will be used to identify individuals at high risk of future events.
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Gao S, Hu G, Li D, Sun M, Mou D. Anti-hyperlipidemia effect of sea buckthorn fruit oil extract through the AMPK and Akt signaling pathway in hamsters. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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