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Wu S, Li Y, Zhao X, Shi FD, Chen J. Multiplex proteomics identifies inflammation-related plasma biomarkers for aging and cardio-metabolic disorders. Clin Proteomics 2024; 21:30. [PMID: 38649851 PMCID: PMC11036613 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-024-09480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardio-metabolic disorders (CMDs) are common in aging people and are pivotal risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of CVDs and aging, but the underlying inflammatory molecular phenotypes in CMDs and aging are still unknown. METHOD We utilized multiple proteomics to detect 368 inflammatory proteins in the plasma of 30 subjects, including healthy young individuals, healthy elderly individuals, and elderly individuals with CMDs, by Proximity Extension Assay technology (PEA, O-link). Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and functional modules were constructed to explore hub proteins in differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The correlation between proteins and clinical traits of CMDs was analyzed and diagnostic value for CMDs of proteins was evaluated by ROC curve analysis. RESULT Our results revealed that there were 161 DEPs (adjusted p < 0.05) in normal aging and EGF was the most differentially expressed hub protein in normal aging. Twenty-eight DEPs were found in elderly individuals with CMDs and MMP1 was the most differentially expressed hub protein in CMDs. After the intersection of DEPs in aging and CMDs, there were 10 overlapping proteins: SHMT1, MVK, EGLN1, SLC39A5, NCF2, CXCL6, IRAK4, REG4, PTPN6, and PRDX5. These proteins were significantly correlated with the level of HDL-C, TG, or FPG in plasma. They were verified to have good diagnostic value for CMDs in aging with an AUC > 0.7. Among these, EGLN1, NCF2, REG4, and SLC39A2 were prominently increased both in normal aging and aging with CMDs. CONCLUSION Our results could reveal molecular markers for normal aging and CMDs, which need to be further expanded the sample size and to be further investigated to predict their significance for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Wu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yulin Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Fu-Dong Shi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300070, China.
- Center for Neurological Diseases, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
| | - Jingshan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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2
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Dregoesc MI, Tercan H, Țigu AB, Bekkering S, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, van Deuren RC, Hoischen A, Riksen NP, Iancu AC. Clonal hematopoiesis is associated with cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary artery disease. iScience 2024; 27:109472. [PMID: 38558938 PMCID: PMC10981089 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but the impact of smaller clones and the effect on inflammatory parameters is largely unknown. Using ultrasensitive single-molecule molecular inversion probe sequencing, we evaluated the association between CH and a first major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) in patients with angiographically documented stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and no history of acute ischemic events. CH was associated with an increased rate of MACE at four years follow-up. The size of the clone predicted MACE at an optimal cut-off value of 1.07% variant allele frequency (VAF). Mutation carriers had no change in monocytes subsets or cytokine production capacity but had higher levels of circulating tissue factor, matrilysin, and proteinase-activated receptor-1. Our study identified CH driver mutations with a VAF as small as 1.07% as a residual cardiovascular risk factor and identified potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for patients with stable CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela I. Dregoesc
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Cardiology –“Niculae Stăncioiu” Heart Institute, 19-21 Calea Moților, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Helin Tercan
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Adrian B. Țigu
- MEDFUTURE Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4-6 Louis Pasteur, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Siroon Bekkering
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo AB. Joosten
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4-6 Louis Pasteur, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rosanne C. van Deuren
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 855, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 855, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Expertise Center for Immunodeficiency and Autoinflammation and Radboud Center for Infectious Disease (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels P. Riksen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Adrian C. Iancu
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Cardiology –“Niculae Stăncioiu” Heart Institute, 19-21 Calea Moților, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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3
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Fletcher EK, Ngwenyama N, Nguyen N, Turner SE, Covic L, Alcaide P, Kuliopulos A. Suppression of Heart Failure With PAR1 Pepducin Technology in a Pressure Overload Model in Mice. Circ Heart Fail 2023; 16:e010621. [PMID: 37477012 PMCID: PMC10592519 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.123.010621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PAR1 (protease-activated receptor-1) contributes to acute thrombosis, but it is not clear whether the receptor is involved in deleterious inflammatory and profibrotic processes in heart failure. Here, we employ the pepducin technology to determine the effects of targeting PAR1 in a mouse heart failure with reduced ejection fraction model. METHODS After undergoing transverse aortic constriction pressure overload or sham surgery, C57BL/6J mice were randomized to daily sc PZ-128 pepducin or vehicle, and cardiac function, inflammation, fibrosis, and molecular analyses conducted at 7 weeks RESULTS: After 7 weeks of transverse aortic constriction, vehicle mice had marked increases in macrophage/monocyte infiltration and fibrosis of the left ventricle as compared with Sham mice. PZ-128 treatment significantly suppressed the inflammatory cell infiltration and cardiac fibrosis. Despite no effect on myocyte cell hypertrophy, PZ-128 afforded a significant reduction in overall left ventricle weight and completely protected against the transverse aortic constriction-induced impairments in left ventricle ejection fraction. PZ-128 significantly suppressed transverse aortic constriction-induced increases in an array of genes involved in myocardial stress, fibrosis, and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS The PZ-128 pepducin is highly effective in protecting against cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, and loss of left ventricle function in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Fletcher
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center (E.K.F., N. Nguyen, S.E.T., L.C., A.K.)
| | - Njabulo Ngwenyama
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (N. Ngwenyama, P.A.)
| | - Nga Nguyen
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center (E.K.F., N. Nguyen, S.E.T., L.C., A.K.)
| | - Susan E Turner
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center (E.K.F., N. Nguyen, S.E.T., L.C., A.K.)
| | - Lidija Covic
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center (E.K.F., N. Nguyen, S.E.T., L.C., A.K.)
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (N. Ngwenyama, P.A.)
| | - Athan Kuliopulos
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center (E.K.F., N. Nguyen, S.E.T., L.C., A.K.)
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4
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Hara T, Sata M, Fukuda D. Emerging roles of protease-activated receptors in cardiometabolic disorders. J Cardiol 2023; 81:337-346. [PMID: 36195252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disorders, including obesity-related insulin resistance and atherosclerosis, share sterile chronic inflammation as a major cause; however, the precise underlying mechanisms of chronic inflammation in cardiometabolic disorders are not fully understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that several coagulation proteases, including thrombin and activated factor X (FXa), play an important role not only in the coagulation cascade but also in the proinflammatory responses through protease-activated receptors (PARs) in many cell types. Four members of the PAR family have been cloned (PAR 1-4). For instance, thrombin activates PAR-1, PAR-3, and PAR-4. FXa activates both PAR-1 and PAR-2, while it has no effect on PAR-3 or PAR-4. Previous studies demonstrated that PAR-1 and PAR-2 activated by thrombin or FXa promote gene expression of inflammatory molecules mainly via the NF-κB and ERK1/2 pathways. In obese adipose tissue and atherosclerotic vascular tissue, various stresses increase the expression of tissue factor and procoagulant activity. Recent studies indicated that the activation of PARs in adipocytes and vascular cells by coagulation proteases promotes inflammation in these tissues, which leads to the development of cardiometabolic diseases. This review briefly summarizes the role of PARs and coagulation proteases in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and describes recent findings (including ours) on the potential participation of this system in the development of cardiometabolic disorders. New insights into PARs may ensure a better understanding of cardiometabolic disorders and suggest new therapeutic options for these major health threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Hara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Daiju Fukuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
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5
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Joseph C, Berghausen EM, Behringer A, Rauch B, Ten Freyhaus H, Gnatzy-Feik LL, Krause M, Wong DWL, Boor P, Baldus S, Vantler M, Rosenkranz S. Coagulation-independent effects of thrombin and Factor Xa: role of protease-activated receptors in pulmonary hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:3225-3238. [PMID: 35104324 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease with limited therapeutic options. Vascular remodelling of pulmonary arteries, characterized by increased proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), is a hallmark of PAH. Here, we aimed to systematically characterize coagulation-independent effects of key coagulation proteases thrombin and Factor Xa (FXa) and their designated receptors, protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 and -2, on PASMCs in vitro and experimental PAH in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS In human and murine PASMCs, both thrombin and FXa were identified as potent mitogens, and chemoattractants. FXa mediated its responses via PAR-1 and PAR-2, whereas thrombin signalled through PAR-1. Extracellular-signal regulated kinases 1/2, protein kinase B (AKT), and sphingosine kinase 1 were identified as downstream mediators of PAR-1 and PAR-2. Inhibition of FXa or thrombin blunted cellular responses in vitro, but unexpectedly failed to protect against hypoxia-induced PAH in vivo. However, pharmacological inhibition as well as genetic deficiency of both PAR-1 and PAR-2 significantly reduced vascular muscularization of small pulmonary arteries, diminished right ventricular systolic pressure, and right ventricular hypertrophy upon chronic hypoxia compared to wild-type controls. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate a coagulation-independent pathogenic potential of thrombin and FXa for pulmonary vascular remodelling via acting through PAR-1 and PAR-2, respectively. While inhibition of single coagulation proteases was ineffective in preventing experimental PAH, our results propose a crucial role for PAR-1 and PAR-2 in its pathobiology, thus identifying PARs but not their dedicated activators FXa and thrombin as suitable targets for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Joseph
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Eva Maria Berghausen
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Arnica Behringer
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rauch
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henrik Ten Freyhaus
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Leoni Luisa Gnatzy-Feik
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Köln, Germany.,Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - Max Krause
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Köln, Germany.,Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - Dickson W L Wong
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephan Baldus
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Köln, Germany.,Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - Marius Vantler
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Stephan Rosenkranz
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Köln, Germany.,Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Köln, Germany
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6
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Xu H, Tilley DG. Pepducin-mediated G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling in the Cardiovascular System. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:378-385. [PMID: 35170495 PMCID: PMC9365886 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pepducins are small-lipidated peptides designed from the intracellular loops of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that act in an allosteric manner to modulate the activity of GPCRs. Over the past 2 decades, pepducins have progressed initially from pharmacologic tools used to manipulate GPCR activity in an orthosteric site-independent manner to compounds with therapeutic potential that have even been used safely in phase 1 and 2 clinical trials in human subjects. The effect of pepducins at their cognate receptors has been shown to vary between antagonist, partial agonist, and biased agonist outcomes in various primary and clonal cell systems, with even small changes in amino acid sequence altering these properties and their receptor selectivity. To date, pepducins designed from numerous GPCRs have been studied for their impact on pathologic conditions, including cardiovascular diseases such as thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and atherosclerosis. This review will focus in particular on pepducins designed from protease-activated receptors, C-X-C motif chemokine receptors, formyl peptide receptors, and the β2-adrenergic receptor. We will discuss the historic context of pepducin development for each receptor, as well as the structural, signaling, pathophysiologic consequences, and therapeutic potential for each pepducin class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Xu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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7
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Li W, Osman E, Forssell C, Yuan XM. Protease-Activated Receptor 1 in Human Carotid Atheroma Is Significantly Related to Iron Metabolism, Plaque Vulnerability, and the Patient's Age. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126363. [PMID: 35742805 PMCID: PMC9223560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) has regulatory functions in inflammation, atherogenesis, and atherothrombosis. Chronic iron administration accelerates arterial thrombosis. Intraplaque hemorrhage and hemoglobin catabolism by macrophages are associated with dysregulated iron metabolism and atherosclerotic lesion instability. However, it remains unknown whether expressions of PAR1 in human atherosclerotic lesions are related to plaque severity, accumulation of macrophages, and iron-related proteins. We investigated the expression of PAR1 and its relation to the expression of ferritin and transferrin receptors in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques and then explored potential connections between their expressions, plaque development, and classical risk factors. (2) Methods: Carotid samples from 39 patients (25 males and 14 females) were immunostained with PAR1, macrophages, ferritin, and transferrin receptor. Double immunocytochemistry of PAR1 and ferritin was performed on THP-1 macrophages exposed to iron. (3) Results: PAR1 expression significantly increases with the patient’s age and the progression of human atherosclerotic plaques. Expressions of PAR1 are significantly correlated with the accumulation of CD68-positive macrophages, ferritin, and transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), and inversely correlated with levels of high-density lipoprotein. In vitro, PAR1 is significantly increased in macrophages exposed to iron, and the expression of PAR1 is colocalized with ferritin expression. (4) Conclusions: PAR1 is significantly related to the progression of human atherosclerotic lesions and the patient’s age. PAR1 is also associated with macrophage infiltration and accumulation of iron metabolic proteins in human atherosclerotic lesions. Cellular iron-mediated induction of PAR1 and its colocalization with ferritin in macrophages may further indicate an important role of cellular iron in atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-0761619736
| | - Ehab Osman
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden; (E.O.); (X.-M.Y.)
| | - Claes Forssell
- Vascular Surgery, Linköping University Hospital, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden;
| | - Xi-Ming Yuan
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden; (E.O.); (X.-M.Y.)
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8
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Gao F, Rahman F. DOACs and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Management: Can We Find the Right Balance Between Efficacy and Harm. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022; 24:457-469. [PMID: 35386093 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-01022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The balance between efficacy and harm remains a challenge in the adoption of non-vitamin K antagonist direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for secondary atherosclerotic disease prevention. We provide a comprehensive review of the evidence for and against the addition of DOACs to the current management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, including stable coronary artery disease (CAD), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). RECENT FINDINGS The DOAC class exerts pleiotropic effects on atherosclerotic progression through coagulation and inflammatory pathways. In ACS, low-dose DOAC provides no added efficacy in the setting of dual antiplatelet therapy; however, full-dose DOAC increases bleeding. Efficacy-safety profile favor use of low-dose rivaroxaban in select stable CAD or PAD patients. Atrial fibrillation patients undergoing PCI resort to dual therapy with DOAC due to prohibitory bleeding with triple anti-thrombotic therapy. Evidence favors DOAC use in CAD and PAD; however, careful individual considerations must be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Faisal Rahman
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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9
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Friebel J, Moritz E, Witkowski M, Jakobs K, Strässler E, Dörner A, Steffens D, Puccini M, Lammel S, Glauben R, Nowak F, Kränkel N, Haghikia A, Moos V, Schutheiss HP, Felix SB, Landmesser U, Rauch BH, Rauch U. Pleiotropic Effects of the Protease-Activated Receptor 1 (PAR1) Inhibitor, Vorapaxar, on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Inflammation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123517. [PMID: 34944024 PMCID: PMC8700178 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) and toll-like receptors (TLRs) are inflammatory mediators contributing to atherogenesis and atherothrombosis. Vorapaxar, which selectively antagonizes PAR1-signaling, is an approved, add-on antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention. The non-hemostatic, platelet-independent, pleiotropic effects of vorapaxar have not yet been studied. METHODS AND RESULTS Cellular targets of PAR1 signaling in the vasculature were identified in three patient cohorts with atherosclerotic disease. Evaluation of plasma biomarkers (n = 190) and gene expression in endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) (n = 12) revealed that PAR1 expression correlated with endothelial activation and vascular inflammation. PAR1 colocalized with TLR2/4 in human carotid plaques and was associated with TLR2/4 gene transcription in EMBs. In addition, vorapaxar reduced atherosclerotic lesion size in apolipoprotein E-knock out (ApoEko) mice. This reduction was associated with reduced expression of vascular adhesion molecules and TLR2/4 presence, both in isolated murine endothelial cells and the aorta. Thrombin-induced uptake of oxLDL was augmented by additional TLR2/4 stimulation and abrogated by vorapaxar. Plaque-infiltrating pro-inflammatory cells were reduced in vorapaxar-treated ApoEko mice. A shift toward M2 macrophages paralleled a decreased transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. CONCLUSIONS PAR1 inhibition with vorapaxar may be effective in reducing residual thrombo-inflammatory event risk in patients with atherosclerosis independent of its effect on platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Friebel
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eileen Moritz
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Institute of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (E.M.); (B.H.R.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Marco Witkowski
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kai Jakobs
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
| | - Elisabeth Strässler
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Dörner
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Steffens
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
| | - Marianna Puccini
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
| | - Stella Lammel
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
| | - Rainer Glauben
- Medical Department I, Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (R.G.); (F.N.); (V.M.)
| | - Franziska Nowak
- Medical Department I, Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (R.G.); (F.N.); (V.M.)
| | - Nicolle Kränkel
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arash Haghikia
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Moos
- Medical Department I, Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (R.G.); (F.N.); (V.M.)
| | | | - Stephan B. Felix
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard H. Rauch
- Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Institute of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (E.M.); (B.H.R.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
- Department of Human Medicine, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Rauch
- Charité Center 11—Department of Cardiology, Charité—University Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (M.W.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (A.D.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (N.K.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-513794
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10
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Michael E, Covic L, Kuliopulos A. Lipopeptide Pepducins as Therapeutic Agents. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2383:307-333. [PMID: 34766299 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1752-6_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Pepducins are lipidated peptides that target the intracellular loops of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in order to modulate transmembrane signaling to internally located effectors. With a wide array of potential activities ranging from partial, biased, or full agonism to antagonism, pepducins represent a versatile class of compounds that can be used to potentially treat diverse human diseases or be employed as novel tools to probe complex mechanisms of receptor activation and signaling in cells and in animals. Here, we describe a number of different pepducins including an advanced compound, PZ-128, that has successfully progressed through phase 2 clinical trials in cardiac patients demonstrating safety and efficacy in suppressing myonecrosis and arterial thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Michael
- Center of Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lidija Covic
- Center of Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Athan Kuliopulos
- Center of Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M E M Cosemans
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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12
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Subramaniam S, Ogoti Y, Hernandez I, Zogg M, Botros F, Burns R, DeRousse JT, Dockendorff C, Mackman N, Antoniak S, Fletcher C, Weiler H. A thrombin-PAR1/2 feedback loop amplifies thromboinflammatory endothelial responses to the viral RNA analogue poly(I:C). Blood Adv 2021; 5:2760-2774. [PMID: 34242391 PMCID: PMC8288670 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of blood coagulation and endothelial inflammation are hallmarks of respiratory infections with RNA viruses that contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of patients with severe disease. We investigated how signaling by coagulation proteases affects the quality and extent of the response to the TLR3-ligand poly(I:C) in human endothelial cells. Genome-wide RNA profiling documented additive and synergistic effects of thrombin and poly(I:C) on the expression level of many genes. The most significantly active genes exhibiting synergistic induction by costimulation with thrombin and poly(I:C) included the key mediators of 2 critical biological mechanisms known to promote endothelial thromboinflammatory functions: the initiation of blood coagulation by tissue factor and the control of leukocyte trafficking by the endothelial-leukocyte adhesion receptors E-selectin (gene symbol, SELE) and VCAM1, and the cytokines and chemokines CXCL8, IL-6, CXCL2, and CCL20. Mechanistic studies have indicated that synergistic costimulation with thrombin and poly(I:C) requires proteolytic activation of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) by thrombin and transactivation of PAR2 by the PAR1-tethered ligand. Accordingly, a small-molecule PAR2 inhibitor suppressed poly(I:C)/thrombin-induced leukocyte-endothelial adhesion, cytokine production, and endothelial tissue factor expression. In summary, this study describes a positive feedback mechanism by which thrombin sustains and amplifies the prothrombotic and proinflammatory function of endothelial cells exposed to the viral RNA analogue, poly(I:C) via activation of PAR1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yamini Ogoti
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Irene Hernandez
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Mark Zogg
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Fady Botros
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Robert Burns
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Chris Dockendorff
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI
- Function Therapeutics LLC, Milwaukee, WI; and
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and
| | - Silvio Antoniak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Craig Fletcher
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Hartmut Weiler
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI
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13
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Fletcher EK, Wang Y, Flynn LK, Turner SE, Rade JJ, Kimmelstiel CD, Gurbel PA, Bliden KP, Covic L, Kuliopulos A. Deficiency of MMP1a (Matrix Metalloprotease 1a) Collagenase Suppresses Development of Atherosclerosis in Mice: Translational Implications for Human Coronary Artery Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:e265-e279. [PMID: 33761760 PMCID: PMC8062306 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Fletcher
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (E.K.F., Y.W., L.K.F, S.E.T., L.C., A.K.)
| | - Yanling Wang
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (E.K.F., Y.W., L.K.F, S.E.T., L.C., A.K.)
| | - Laura K Flynn
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (E.K.F., Y.W., L.K.F, S.E.T., L.C., A.K.)
| | - Susan E Turner
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (E.K.F., Y.W., L.K.F, S.E.T., L.C., A.K.)
| | - Jeffrey J Rade
- Interventional Cardiology, Division of Cardiology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (J.J.R.)
| | - Carey D Kimmelstiel
- Adult Interventional Cardiology, Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.D.K.)
| | - Paul A Gurbel
- Inova Center for Thrombosis Research and Translational Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA (P.A.G., K.P.B.)
- Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, MD (P.A.G., K.P.B.)
| | - Kevin P Bliden
- Inova Center for Thrombosis Research and Translational Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA (P.A.G., K.P.B.)
- Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, MD (P.A.G., K.P.B.)
| | - Lidija Covic
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (E.K.F., Y.W., L.K.F, S.E.T., L.C., A.K.)
| | - Athan Kuliopulos
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (E.K.F., Y.W., L.K.F, S.E.T., L.C., A.K.)
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14
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Sandstedt J, Vargmar K, Björkman K, Ruetschi U, Bergström G, Hultén LM, Skiöldebrand E. COMP (Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein) Neoepitope: A Novel Biomarker to Identify Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1218-1228. [PMID: 33472398 PMCID: PMC7901532 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE COMP (cartilage oligomeric matrix protein) is abundantly expressed in the cardiovascular system, cartilage, and atherosclerotic plaques. We investigated if the total COMP (COMPtotal) and COMP neoepitope (COMPneo) with other cardiovascular markers and clinical parameters could identify symptomatic carotid stenosis. Approach and Results: Blood samples were collected from patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (stenosis, n=50), patients with stroke without carotid stenosis but small plaques (plaque, n=50), and control subjects (n=50). COMPtotal and COMPneo were measured using an ELISA. Ninety-two cardiovascular disease markers were measured by the Olink CVD kit. The presence of native COMP and COMPneo was determined by immunohistochemistry. The concentration of COMPneo was higher and COMPtotal was lower in the stenosis group. When the concentration was compared between the stenosis and control groups, IL-1ra (interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein), IL6 (interleukin-6), REN (Renin), MMP1 (matrix metalloproteinase-1), TRAIL-R2 (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2), ITGB1BP2 (integrin beta 1 binding protein 2), and COMPneo were predictive of stenosis. Conversely, KLK6 (kallikrein-6), COMPtotal, NEMO (nuclear factor-kappa-B essential modulator), SRC (Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src), SIRT2 (SIR2-like protein), CD40 (cluster of differentiation 40), TF (tissue factor), MP (myoglobin), and RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end-products) were predictive of the control group. Model reproducibility was good with the receiver operating characteristic plot area under the curve being 0.86. When comparing the plaque group and stenosis group, COMPneo, GAL (galanin), and PTX3 (pentraxin-related protein PTX3) were predictive of stenosis. Model reproducibility was excellent (receiver operating characteristic plot area under the curve 0.92). COMPneo was detected in smooth muscle-, endothelial-, and foam-cells in carotid stenosis. CONCLUSIONS Degradation of COMP may be associated with atherosclerosis progression and generation of a specific COMP fragment-COMPneo. This may represent a novel biomarker that together with COMPtotal and other risk-markers could be used to identify symptomatic carotid stenosis. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim Sandstedt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine (J.S., U.R.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (J.S., U.R., L.M.H.)
| | - Karin Vargmar
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine (K.B., G.B., L.M.H.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden (K.V., E.S.)
| | | | - Ulla Ruetschi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine (J.S., U.R.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (J.S., U.R., L.M.H.)
| | - Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine (K.B., G.B., L.M.H.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lillemor Mattsson Hultén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine (K.B., G.B., L.M.H.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (J.S., U.R., L.M.H.)
| | - Eva Skiöldebrand
- Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden (K.V., E.S.)
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15
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Wang L, Tang C. Targeting Platelet in Atherosclerosis Plaque Formation: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249760. [PMID: 33371312 PMCID: PMC7767086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides their role in hemostasis and thrombosis, it has become increasingly clear that platelets are also involved in many other pathological processes of the vascular system, such as atherosclerotic plaque formation. Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease, which preferentially develops at sites under disturbed blood flow with low speeds and chaotic directions. Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension are all risk factors for atherosclerosis. When the vascular microenvironment changes, platelets can respond quickly to interact with endothelial cells and leukocytes, participating in atherosclerosis. This review discusses the important roles of platelets in the plaque formation under pro-atherogenic factors. Specifically, we discussed the platelet behaviors under disturbed flow, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia conditions. We also summarized the molecular mechanisms involved in vascular inflammation during atherogenesis based on platelet receptors and secretion of inflammatory factors. Finally, we highlighted the studies of platelet migration in atherogenesis. In general, we elaborated an atherogenic role of platelets and the aspects that should be further studied in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
| | - Chaojun Tang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-512-6588-0899
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16
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Kuliopulos A, Gurbel PA, Rade JJ, Kimmelstiel CD, Turner SE, Bliden KP, Fletcher EK, Cox DH, Covic L. PAR1 (Protease-Activated Receptor 1) Pepducin Therapy Targeting Myocardial Necrosis in Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2 Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2990-3003. [PMID: 33028101 PMCID: PMC7682800 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arterial thrombosis leading to ischemic injury worsens the prognosis of many patients with cardiovascular disease. PZ-128 is a first-in-class pepducin that reversibly inhibits PAR1 (protease-activated receptor 1) on platelets and other vascular cells by targeting the intracellular surface of the receptor. The TRIP-PCI (Thrombin Receptor Inhibitory Pepducin in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) trial was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of PZ-128 in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization with intent to perform percutaneous coronary intervention. Approach and Results: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial, 100 patients were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive PZ-128 (0.3 or 0.5 mg/kg), or placebo in a 2-hour infusion initiated just before the start of cardiac catheterization, on top of standard oral antiplatelet therapy. Rates of the primary end point of bleeding were not different between the combined PZ-128 doses (1.6%, 1/62) and placebo group (0%, 0/35). The secondary end points of major adverse coronary events at 30 and 90 days did not significantly differ but were numerically lower in the PZ-128 groups (0% and 2% in the PZ-128 groups, 6% and 6% with placebo, p=0.13, p=0.29, respectively). In the subgroup of patients with elevated baseline cardiac troponin I, the exploratory end point of 30-day major adverse coronary events + myocardial injury showed 83% events in the placebo group versus 31% events in the combined PZ-128 drug groups, an adjusted relative risk of 0.14 (95% CI, 0.02-0.75); P=0.02. CONCLUSIONS In this first-in-patient experience, PZ-128 added to standard antiplatelet therapy appeared to be safe, well tolerated, and potentially reduced periprocedural myonecrosis, thus providing the basis for further clinical trials. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02561000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athan Kuliopulos
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (A.K., S.E.T., E.K.F., D.H.C., L.C.)
| | - Paul A. Gurbel
- Inova Center for Thrombosis Research and Translational Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA and Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, MD (P.A.G., K.P.B.)
| | - Jeffrey J. Rade
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (J.J.R)
| | - Carey D. Kimmelstiel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.D.K.)
| | - Susan E. Turner
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (A.K., S.E.T., E.K.F., D.H.C., L.C.)
| | - Kevin P. Bliden
- Inova Center for Thrombosis Research and Translational Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA and Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, MD (P.A.G., K.P.B.)
| | - Elizabeth K. Fletcher
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (A.K., S.E.T., E.K.F., D.H.C., L.C.)
| | - Daniel H. Cox
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (A.K., S.E.T., E.K.F., D.H.C., L.C.)
| | - Lidija Covic
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (A.K., S.E.T., E.K.F., D.H.C., L.C.)
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17
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de Jong H, Bonger KM, Löwik DWPM. Activatable cell-penetrating peptides: 15 years of research. RSC Chem Biol 2020; 1:192-203. [PMID: 34458758 PMCID: PMC8341016 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00114g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An important hurdle for the intracellular delivery of large cargo is the cellular membrane, which protects the cell from exogenous substances. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can cross this barrier but their use as drug delivery vehicles is hampered by their lack of cell type specificity. Over the past years, several approaches have been explored to control the activity of CPPs that can be primed for cellular uptake. Since the first report on such activatable CPPs (ACPPs) in 2004, various methods of activation have been developed. Here, we provide an overview of the different ACPPs strategies known to date and summarize the benefits, drawbacks, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen de Jong
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly M Bonger
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Dennis W P M Löwik
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
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18
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Han X, Nieman MT. The domino effect triggered by the tethered ligand of the protease activated receptors. Thromb Res 2020; 196:87-98. [PMID: 32853981 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protease activated receptors (PARs) are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that have a unique activation mechanism. Unlike other GPCRs that can be activated by free ligands, under physiological conditions, PARs are activated by the tethered ligand, which is a part of their N-terminus that is unmasked by proteolysis. It has been 30 years since the first member of the family, PAR1, was identified. In this review, we will discuss this unique tethered ligand mediate receptor activation of PARs in detail: how they interact with the proteases, the complex structural rearrangement of the receptors upon activation, and the termination of the signaling. We also summarize the structural studies of the PARs and how single nucleotide polymorphisms impact the receptor reactivity. Finally, we review the current strategies for inhibiting PAR function with therapeutic targets for anti-thrombosis. The focus of this review is PAR1 and PAR4 as they are the thrombin signal mediators on human platelets and therapeutics targets. We also include the structural studies of PAR2 as it informs the mechanism of action for PARs in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marvin T Nieman
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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19
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Grover SP, Mackman N. Tissue factor in atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis. Atherosclerosis 2020; 307:80-86. [PMID: 32674807 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by the formation of lipid rich plaques in the wall of medium to large sized arteries. Atherothrombosis represents the terminal manifestation of this pathology in which atherosclerotic plaque rupture or erosion triggers the formation of occlusive thrombi. Occlusion of arteries and resultant tissue ischemia in the heart and brain causes myocardial infarction and stroke, respectively. Tissue factor (TF) is the receptor for the coagulation protease factor VIIa, and formation of the TF:factor VIIa complex triggers blood coagulation. TF is expressed at high levels in atherosclerotic plaques by both macrophage-derived foam cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as extracellular vesicles derived from these cells. Importantly, TF mediated activation of coagulation is critically important for arterial thrombosis in the setting of atherosclerotic disease. The major endogenous inhibitor of the TF:factor VIIa complex is TF pathway inhibitor 1 (TFPI-1), which is also present in atherosclerotic plaques. In mouse models, increased or decreased expression of TFPI-1 has been found to alter atherosclerosis. This review highlights the contribution of TF-dependent activation of coagulation to atherthrombotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Grover
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nigel Mackman
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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20
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Rehman A, Baloch NUA, Morrow JP, Pacher P, Haskó G. Targeting of G-protein coupled receptors in sepsis. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 211:107529. [PMID: 32197794 PMCID: PMC7388546 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Third International Consensus Definitions (Sepsis-3) define sepsis as life-threatening multi-organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis can progress to septic shock-an even more lethal condition associated with profound circulatory, cellular and metabolic abnormalities. Septic shock remains a leading cause of death in intensive care units and carries a mortality of almost 25%. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the pathobiology of sepsis, therapeutic interventions have not translated into tangible differences in the overall outcome for patients. Clinical trials of antagonists of various pro-inflammatory mediators in sepsis have been largely unsuccessful in the past. Given the diverse physiologic roles played by G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), modulation of GPCR signaling for the treatment of sepsis has also been explored. Traditional pharmacologic approaches have mainly focused on ligands targeting the extracellular domains of GPCR. However, novel techniques aimed at modulating GPCR intracellularly through aptamers, pepducins and intrabodies have opened a fresh avenue of therapeutic possibilities. In this review, we summarize the diverse roles played by various subfamilies of GPCR in the pathogenesis of sepsis and identify potential targets for pharmacotherapy through these novel approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rehman
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Noor Ul-Ain Baloch
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - John P Morrow
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States.
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21
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Agrawal H, Choy HHK, Liu J, Auyoung M, Albert MA. Coronary Artery Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:e185-e192. [PMID: 32579480 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.313608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Agrawal
- From the Center for the Study of Adversity and Cardiovascular Disease (NURTURE Center), Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (H.A., M.A.A.)
| | - Ho-Hin K Choy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco (H.-h.K.C., J.L., M.A.)
| | - Jason Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco (H.-h.K.C., J.L., M.A.)
| | - Matthew Auyoung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco (H.-h.K.C., J.L., M.A.)
| | - Michelle A Albert
- From the Center for the Study of Adversity and Cardiovascular Disease (NURTURE Center), Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (H.A., M.A.A.)
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22
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Tantry US, Bliden KP, Chaudhary R, Novakovic M, Rout A, Gurbel PA. Vorapaxar in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Future Cardiol 2020; 16:373-384. [PMID: 32308016 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2019-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vorapaxar specifically and effectively inhibits protease activated receptor-1 and may reduce thrombin-mediated ischemic events without interfering primary hemostasis. In the TRA-2P-TIMI 50 trial, vorapaxar reduced the risk of primary ischemic outcome but with increased bleeding risk. In the post hoc analysis, in patients with a history of myocardial infarction, peripheral artery disease, the net clinical outcome favored vorapaxar therapy with 10% reduction in cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, urgent coronary revascularization and moderate or severe bleeding. Based on these favorable results, vorapaxar was approved for the reduction of thrombotic cardiovascular events in patients with prior myocardial infarction or with peripheral artery disease on top of standard antiplatelet therapy. A careful patient selection is needed to balance efficacy versus safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udaya S Tantry
- Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, LifeBridge Health, Baltimore, MD 21215, USA
| | - Kevin P Bliden
- Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, LifeBridge Health, Baltimore, MD 21215, USA
| | - Rahul Chaudhary
- Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Marko Novakovic
- Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, LifeBridge Health, Baltimore, MD 21215, USA
| | - Amit Rout
- Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, LifeBridge Health, Baltimore, MD 21215, USA
| | - Paul A Gurbel
- Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, LifeBridge Health, Baltimore, MD 21215, USA
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23
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Gurbel PA, Fox KAA, Tantry US, Ten Cate H, Weitz JI. Combination Antiplatelet and Oral Anticoagulant Therapy in Patients With Coronary and Peripheral Artery Disease. Circulation 2020; 139:2170-2185. [PMID: 31034291 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.033580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antiplatelet therapy is the mainstay for the treatment of acute and chronic arterial disease involving the coronary and peripheral beds. However, questions remain about optimal antithrombotic therapy for long-term treatment of chronic vascular disease. The observation that dual antiplatelet therapy with acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel was associated with lower thrombotic event rates than acetylsalicylic acid monotherapy in patients with acute coronary syndromes and those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention changed the treatment paradigm. Moreover, the demonstration that more pharmacodynamically potent P2Y12 inhibitors than clopidogrel were associated with fewer thrombotic event occurrences further solidified the dual antiplatelet therapy approach. However, recurrent thrombotic events occur in ≈1 in 10 patients in the first year following an acute coronary syndrome event, despite treatment with the most potent P2Y12 inhibitors, a limitation that has stimulated interest in exploring the efficacy and safety of approaches using anticoagulants on top of antiplatelet therapy. These investigations have included treatment with very-low-dose oral anticoagulation, and even its replacement of acetylsalicylic acid in the presence of a P2Y12 inhibitor, in patients stabilized after an acute coronary syndrome event. Recent basic and translational studies have suggested noncanonical effects of coagulation factor inhibition that may further modulate clinical benefits. This in-depth review will discuss developments in our understanding of the roles that platelets and coagulation factors play in atherothrombosis and review the rationale and clinical evidence for combining antiplatelet and oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with coronary and peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Gurbel
- Inova Center for Thrombosis Research and Drug Development, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (P.A.G.)
| | - Keith A A Fox
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (K.A.A.F.)
| | - Udaya S Tantry
- Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, MD (U.S.T.)
| | - Hugo Ten Cate
- Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Netherlands (H.t.C.)
| | - Jeffrey I Weitz
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute and McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (J.I.W.)
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24
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Satoh K, Satoh T, Yaoita N, Shimokawa H. Recent Advances in the Understanding of Thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:e159-e165. [PMID: 31116608 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimio Satoh
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taijyu Satoh
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yaoita
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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25
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Lu HS, Schmidt AM, Hegele RA, Mackman N, Rader DJ, Weber C, Daugherty A. Annual Report on Sex in Preclinical Studies: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology Publications in 2018. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 40:e1-e9. [PMID: 31869272 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong S Lu
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.S.L., A.D.)
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (A.M.S.)
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (R.A.H.)
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (N.M.)
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Departments of Medicine and Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (D.J.R.)
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.S.L., A.D.)
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26
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Cuvelliez M, Vandewalle V, Brunin M, Beseme O, Hulot A, de Groote P, Amouyel P, Bauters C, Marot G, Pinet F. Circulating proteomic signature of early death in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19202. [PMID: 31844116 PMCID: PMC6914779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55727-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) remains a main cause of mortality worldwide. Risk stratification of patients with systolic chronic HF is critical to identify those who may benefit from advanced HF therapies. The aim of this study is to identify plasmatic proteins that could predict the early death (within 3 years) of HF patients with reduced ejection fraction hospitalized in CHRU de Lille. The subproteome targeted by an aptamer-based technology, the Slow Off-rate Modified Aptamer (SOMA) scan assay of 1310 proteins, was profiled in blood samples from 168 HF patients, and 203 proteins were significantly modulated between patients who died of cardiovascular death and patients who were alive after 3 years of HF evaluation (Wilcoxon test, FDR 5%). A molecular network was built using these 203 proteins, and the resulting network contained 2281 molecules assigned to 34 clusters annotated to biological pathways by Gene Ontology. This network model highlighted extracellular matrix organization as the main mechanism involved in early death in HF patients. In parallel, an adaptive Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) was performed on these 203 proteins, and six proteins were selected as candidates to predict early death in HF patients: complement C3, cathepsin S and F107B were decreased and MAPK5, MMP1 and MMP7 increased in patients who died of cardiovascular causes compared with patients living 3 years after HF evaluation. This proteomic signature of 6 circulating plasma proteins allows the identification of systolic HF patients with a risk of early death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Cuvelliez
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000, Lille, France.,FHU REMOD-HF, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Vandewalle
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Inria Lille Nord-Europe, EA2694 - MODAL - MOdels for Data Analysis and Learning, F-59000, Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, « Institut Français de Bioinformatique », « Billille- plateforme de bioinformatique et bioanalyse de Lille », F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Maxime Brunin
- Univ. Lille, « Institut Français de Bioinformatique », « Billille- plateforme de bioinformatique et bioanalyse de Lille », F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Olivia Beseme
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000, Lille, France.,FHU REMOD-HF, Lille, France
| | - Audrey Hulot
- Univ. Lille, « Institut Français de Bioinformatique », « Billille- plateforme de bioinformatique et bioanalyse de Lille », F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Pascal de Groote
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000, Lille, France.,FHU REMOD-HF, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Bauters
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000, Lille, France.,FHU REMOD-HF, Lille, France
| | - Guillemette Marot
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Inria Lille Nord-Europe, EA2694 - MODAL - MOdels for Data Analysis and Learning, F-59000, Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, « Institut Français de Bioinformatique », « Billille- plateforme de bioinformatique et bioanalyse de Lille », F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Florence Pinet
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000, Lille, France. .,FHU REMOD-HF, Lille, France.
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27
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Rana R, Shearer AM, Fletcher EK, Nguyen N, Guha S, Cox DH, Abdelmalek M, Wang Y, Baleja JD, Covic L, Kuliopulos A. PAR2 controls cholesterol homeostasis and lipid metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Metab 2019; 29:99-113. [PMID: 31668396 PMCID: PMC6742970 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increases in hepatic and plasma cholesterol occur in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), although the reason for this is not well understood. We investigated whether Protease-Activated Receptor 2 (PAR2) plays a role in cholesterol and lipid homeostasis in NAFLD. METHODS Human liver biopsies (n = 108) were quantified for PAR2 expression from NAFLD cases randomly selected and stratified by liver fibrosis stage, the primary predictor for clinical outcomes, while controlling for age, gender, and BMI between fibrosis groups. Demographic data and laboratory studies on plasma samples were obtained within 6 months of liver biopsy. Wild-type and PAR2-KO (C57BL/6 F2rl1-/-) mice were fed either normal or high fat diet for 16 weeks and plasma and liver assayed for lipids and soluble metabolites. RESULTS Severity of NAFLD and plasma cholesterol levels significantly correlated with hepatocyte PAR2 expression in NAFLD patients. Conversely, PAR2 deficiency in mice resulted in reduced expression of key hepatic genes involved in cholesterol synthesis, a 50% drop in plasma and total liver cholesterol, and induced a reverse cholesterol transport system that culminated in 25% higher fecal bile acid output. PAR2-deficient mice exhibited enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation with a ketogenic shift and an unexpected increase in liver glycogenesis. Mechanistic studies identified Gi-Jnk1/2 as key downstream effectors of protease-activated PAR2 in the regulation of lipid and cholesterol homeostasis in liver. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that PAR2 may be a new target for the suppression of plasma cholesterol and hepatic fat accumulation in NAFLD and related metabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashree Rana
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Andrew M Shearer
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA; Tufts University School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Fletcher
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Nga Nguyen
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Srijoy Guha
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Daniel H Cox
- Tufts University School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Manal Abdelmalek
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - James D Baleja
- Tufts University School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Lidija Covic
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA; Tufts University School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Athan Kuliopulos
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA; Tufts University School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. Slack
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Scott M. Gordon
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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29
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Ruf W. Proteases, Protease-Activated Receptors, and Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:1252-1254. [PMID: 29793990 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Ruf
- From the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA.
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30
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Chen Y, Peng S, Cen H, Lin Y, Huang C, Chen Y, Shan H, Su Y, Zeng L. MicroRNA hsa-miR-623 directly suppresses MMP1 and attenuates IL-8-induced metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:142-156. [PMID: 31115512 PMCID: PMC6561617 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) participates in the metastasis of pancreatic cancer, and its expression can be regulated by endogenous microRNAs (miRs/miRNAs) and exogenous inflammatory factors. Whether miRNAs that potentially modulate MMP1 expression can also attenuate the pro-metastatic effects of its inducer on pancreatic cancer is yet to be completely elucidated. In the present study, a systematic analysis including in silico and bioinformatics analyses, a luciferase reporter assay and an RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), were used to investigate the interaction between miRNAs and MMP1 mRNA. In addition, wound-healing assays, Transwell assays and xenograft nude mouse models were implemented to investigate the antitumor activities exerted by candidate miRNAs. As a result, hsa-miR-623 was screened as a candidate miRNA that interacts with the MMP1 transcript, and an inverse correlation between the expression of hsa-miR-623 and MMP1 was observed in human pancreatic cancer tissue samples. The EMSA confirmed that hsa-miR-623 was able to directly bind to its cognate target within the 3′-untranslated region of the MMP1 transcript. In addition, transfection of hsa-miR-623 mimics into PANC-1 and BXPC-3 cell lines markedly inhibited the expression of MMP1 at the mRNA and protein levels, and attenuated IL-8-induced MMP1 expression. hsa-miR-623 also decreased IL-8-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in PANC-1 and BXPC-3 cells via the underlying mechanism of inhibition of ERK phosphorylation. Consequently, hsa-miR-623 inhibited pancreatic cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. The results of the present study suggest that hsa-miR-623 represents a novel adjuvant therapeutic target to prevent metastasis in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Chen
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, The Cancer Center of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Siqi Peng
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, The Cancer Center of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Cen
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Yujing Lin
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Chumei Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China
| | - Yinting Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Hong Shan
- Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Yonghui Su
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Linjuan Zeng
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, The Cancer Center of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
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31
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Posma JJ, Grover SP, Hisada Y, Owens AP, Antoniak S, Spronk HM, Mackman N. Roles of Coagulation Proteases and PARs (Protease-Activated Receptors) in Mouse Models of Inflammatory Diseases. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:13-24. [PMID: 30580574 PMCID: PMC6310042 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the blood coagulation cascade leads to fibrin deposition and platelet activation that are required for hemostasis. However, aberrant activation of coagulation can lead to thrombosis. Thrombi can cause tissue ischemia, and fibrin degradation products and activated platelets can enhance inflammation. In addition, coagulation proteases activate cells by cleavage of PARs (protease-activated receptors), including PAR1 and PAR2. Direct oral anticoagulants have recently been developed to specifically inhibit the coagulation proteases FXa (factor Xa) and thrombin. Administration of these inhibitors to wild-type mice can be used to determine the roles of FXa and thrombin in different inflammatory diseases. These results can be compared with the phenotypes of mice with deficiencies of either Par1 (F2r) or Par2 (F2rl1). However, inhibition of coagulation proteases will have effects beyond reducing PAR signaling, and a deficiency of PARs will abolish signaling from all proteases that activate these receptors. We will summarize studies that examine the roles of coagulation proteases, particularly FXa and thrombin, and PARs in different mouse models of inflammatory disease. Targeting FXa and thrombin or PARs may reduce inflammatory diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens J Posma
- Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Steven P Grover
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yohei Hisada
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - A. Phillip Owens
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH, USA
| | - Silvio Antoniak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Henri M Spronk
- Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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32
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Role of local coronary blood flow patterns and shear stress on the development of microvascular and epicardial endothelial dysfunction and coronary plaque. Curr Opin Cardiol 2018; 33:638-644. [DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Covic L, Kuliopulos A. Protease-Activated Receptor 1 as Therapeutic Target in Breast, Lung, and Ovarian Cancer: Pepducin Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082237. [PMID: 30065181 PMCID: PMC6121574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) belong to a large family of diverse receptors that are well recognized as pharmacological targets. However, very few of these receptors have been pursued as oncology drug targets. The Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), which is a G-protein coupled receptor, has been shown to act as an oncogene and is an emerging anti-cancer drug target. In this paper, we provide an overview of PAR1’s biased signaling role in metastatic cancers of the breast, lungs, and ovaries and describe the development of PAR1 inhibitors that are currently in clinical use to treat acute coronary syndromes. PAR1 inhibitor PZ-128 is in a Phase II clinical trial and is being developed to prevent ischemic and thrombotic complication of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. PZ-128 belongs to a new class of cell-penetrating, membrane-tethered peptides named pepducins that are based on the intracellular loops of receptors targeting the receptor G-protein interface. Application of PZ-128 as an anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic therapeutic agent in breast, lung, and ovarian cancer is being reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Covic
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Athan Kuliopulos
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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