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Anwar S, Alrumaihi F, Sarwar T, Babiker AY, Khan AA, Prabhu SV, Rahmani AH. Exploring Therapeutic Potential of Catalase: Strategies in Disease Prevention and Management. Biomolecules 2024; 14:697. [PMID: 38927099 PMCID: PMC11201554 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant defense mechanisms play a critical role in mitigating the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase stands out as a paramount enzymatic antioxidant. It efficiently catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water and oxygen, a potentially harmful byproduct of cellular metabolism. This reaction detoxifies H2O2 and prevents oxidative damage. Catalase has been extensively studied as a therapeutic antioxidant. Its applications range from direct supplementation in conditions characterized by oxidative stress to gene therapy approaches to enhance endogenous catalase activity. The enzyme's stability, bioavailability, and the specificity of its delivery to target tissues are significant hurdles. Furthermore, studies employing conventional catalase formulations often face issues related to enzyme purity, activity, and longevity in the biological milieu. Addressing these challenges necessitates rigorous scientific inquiry and well-designed clinical trials. Such trials must be underpinned by sound experimental designs, incorporating advanced catalase formulations or novel delivery systems that can overcome existing limitations. Enhancing catalase's stability, specificity, and longevity in vivo could unlock its full therapeutic potential. It is necessary to understand the role of catalase in disease-specific contexts, paving the way for precision antioxidant therapy that could significantly impact the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehwaz Anwar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Mohan Institute of Nursing and Paramedical Sciences, Mohan Group of Institutions, Bareilly 243302, India;
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarique Sarwar
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Yousif Babiker
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sitrarasu Vijaya Prabhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirapalli 620001, India;
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
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Rasheed Z. Therapeutic potentials of catalase: Mechanisms, applications, and future perspectives. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2024; 18:1-6. [PMID: 38455600 PMCID: PMC10915913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Rasheed
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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Angelone T, Rocca C, Lionetti V, Penna C, Pagliaro P. Expanding the Frontiers of Guardian Antioxidant Selenoproteins in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:369-432. [PMID: 38299513 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Significance: Physiological levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) function as fundamental messengers for many cellular and developmental processes in the cardiovascular system. ROS/RNS involved in cardiac redox-signaling originate from diverse sources, and their levels are tightly controlled by key endogenous antioxidant systems that counteract their accumulation. However, dysregulated redox-stress resulting from inefficient removal of ROS/RNS leads to inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death, contributing to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent Advances: Basic and clinical studies demonstrate the critical role of selenium (Se) and selenoproteins (unique proteins that incorporate Se into their active site in the form of the 21st proteinogenic amino acid selenocysteine [Sec]), including glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase, in cardiovascular redox homeostasis, representing a first-line enzymatic antioxidant defense of the heart. Increasing attention has been paid to emerging selenoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (i.e., a multifunctional intracellular organelle whose disruption triggers cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to multiple CVD), which are crucially involved in redox balance, antioxidant activity, and calcium and ER homeostasis. Critical Issues: This review focuses on endogenous antioxidant strategies with therapeutic potential, particularly selenoproteins, which are very promising but deserve more detailed and clinical studies. Future Directions: The importance of selective selenoproteins in embryonic development and the consequences of their mutations and inborn errors highlight the need to improve knowledge of their biological function in myocardial redox signaling. This could facilitate the development of personalized approaches for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CVD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 369-432.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Angelone
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmine Rocca
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Unit of Translational Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center "Health Science," Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- UOSVD Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Fondazione Toscana "Gabriele Monasterio," Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Penna
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
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Labbé P, Martel C, Shi YF, Montezano A, He Y, Gillis MA, Higgins MÈ, Villeneuve L, Touyz R, Tardif JC, Thorin-Trescases N, Thorin E. Knockdown of ANGPTL2 promotes left ventricular systolic dysfunction by upregulation of NOX4 in mice. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1320065. [PMID: 38426206 PMCID: PMC10902461 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1320065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Angiopoietin-like 2 (ANGPTL2) is a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant circulating protein that predicts and promotes chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis in humans. Transgenic murine models demonstrated the deleterious role of ANGPTL2 in vascular diseases, while deletion of ANGPTL2 was protective. The nature of its role in cardiac tissues is, however, less clear. Indeed, in adult mice knocked down (KD) for ANGPTL2, we recently reported a mild left ventricular (LV) dysfunction originating from a congenital aortic valve stenosis, demonstrating that ANGPTL2 is essential to cardiac development and function. Hypothesis: Because we originally demonstrated that the KD of ANGPTL2 protected vascular endothelial function via an upregulation of arterial NOX4, promoting the beneficial production of dilatory H2O2, we tested the hypothesis that increased cardiac NOX4 could negatively affect cardiac redox and remodeling and contribute to LV dysfunction observed in adult Angptl2-KD mice. Methods and results: Cardiac expression and activity of NOX4 were higher in KD mice, promoting higher levels of cardiac H2O2 when compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Immunofluorescence showed that ANGPTL2 and NOX4 were co-expressed in cardiac cells from WT mice and both proteins co-immunoprecipitated in HEK293 cells, suggesting that ANGPTL2 and NOX4 physically interact. Pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction surgery (TAC) promoted LV systolic dysfunction in WT mice but did not further exacerbate the dysfunction in KD mice. Importantly, the severity of LV systolic dysfunction in KD mice (TAC and control SHAM) correlated with cardiac Nox4 expression. Injection of an adeno-associated virus (AAV9) delivering shRNA targeting cardiac Nox4 expression fully reversed LV systolic dysfunction in KD-SHAM mice, demonstrating the causal role of NOX4 in cardiac dysfunction in KD mice. Targeting cardiac Nox4 expression in KD mice also induced an antioxidant response characterized by increased expression of NRF2/KEAP1 and catalase. Conclusion: Together, these data reveal that the absence of ANGPTL2 induces an upregulation of cardiac NOX4 that contributes to oxidative stress and LV dysfunction. By interacting and repressing cardiac NOX4, ANGPTL2 could play a new beneficial role in the maintenance of cardiac redox homeostasis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Labbé
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cécile Martel
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yan-Fen Shi
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Augusto Montezano
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ying He
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Rhian Touyz
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Eric Thorin
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Harris DD, Sabe SA, Broadwin M, Xu C, Stone C, Kanuparthy M, Malhotra A, Abid MR, Sellke FW. Intramyocardial Injection of Hypoxia-Conditioned Extracellular Vesicles Modulates Response to Oxidative Stress in the Chronically Ischemic Myocardium. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:125. [PMID: 38391611 PMCID: PMC10886197 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with advanced coronary artery disease (CAD) who are not eligible for stenting or surgical bypass procedures have limited treatment options. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of advanced CAD. These EVs can be conditioned to modify their contents. In our previous research, we demonstrated increased perfusion, decreased inflammation, and reduced apoptosis with intramyocardial injection of hypoxia-conditioned EVs (HEVs). The goal of this study is to further understand the function of HEVs by examining their impact on oxidative stress using our clinically relevant and extensively validated swine model of chronic myocardial ischemia. METHODS Fourteen Yorkshire swine underwent a left thoracotomy for the placement of an ameroid constrictor on the left circumflex coronary artery to model chronic myocardial ischemia. After two weeks of recovery, the swine underwent a redo thoracotomy with injection of either HEVs (n = 7) or a saline control (CON, n = 7) into the ischemic myocardium. Five weeks after injection, the swine were subjected to terminal harvest. Protein expression was measured using immunoblotting. OxyBlot analysis and 3-nitrotyrosine staining were used to quantify total oxidative stress. RESULTS There was a significant increase in myocardial expression of the antioxidants SOD 2, GPX-1, HSF-1, UCP-2, catalase, and HO-1 (all p ≤ 0.05) in the HEV group when compared to control animals. The HEVs also exhibited a significant increase in pro-oxidant NADPH oxidase (NOX) 1, NOX 3, p47phox, and p67phox (all p ≤ 0.05). However, no change was observed in the expression of NFkB, KEAP 1, and PRDX1 (all p > 0.05) between the HEV and CON groups. There were no significant differences in total oxidative stress as determined by OxyBlot and 3-nitrotyrosine staining (p = 0.64, p = 0.32) between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Administration of HEVs in ischemic myocardium induces a significant increase in pro- and antioxidant proteins without a net change in total oxidative stress. These findings suggest that HEV-induced changes in redox signaling pathways may play a role in increased perfusion, decreased inflammation, and reduced apoptosis in ischemic myocardium. Further studies are required to determine if HEVs alter the net oxidative stress in ischemic myocardium at an earlier time point of HEV administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwight D Harris
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Sharif A Sabe
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Mark Broadwin
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Cynthia Xu
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Christopher Stone
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Meghamsh Kanuparthy
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Akshay Malhotra
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - M Ruhul Abid
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Shipra, Tembhre MK, Hote MP, Bhari N, Lakshmy R, Kumaran SS. PGC-1α Agonist Rescues Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy by Mitigating the Oxidative Stress and Necroptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1720. [PMID: 37760023 PMCID: PMC10525725 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy (particularly dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)) significantly contributes to development and progression of heart failure (HF), and inflammatory factors further deteriorate the symptoms. Morphological and functional defects of the heart in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiomyopathy (cardiotoxicity) are similar to those of DCM. We used anagonist of PGC-1α (PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma)-γ coactivator-1α) that is considered as the 'master regulator' of mitochondrial biogenesis with an aim to rescue the DOX-induced deleterious effects on the heart. Forty male C57BL/6J mice (8 weeks old) were divided in four groups, Control, DOX, ZLN005, and ZLN005 + DOX (n = 10 each group). The DOX-induced (10 mg/kg, single dose) cardiomyopathy mimics a DCM-like phenotype with marked morphologic alteration in cardiac tissue and functional derangements. Significant increased staining was observed for Masson Trichrome/Picrosirius red and α-Smooth Muscle Actinin (α-SMA) that indicated enhanced fibrosis in the DOX group compared to the control that was attenuated by (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) coactivator) (PGC)-1α (alpha) agonist (four doses of 2.5 mg/kg/dose; cumulative dose = 10 mg/kg). Similarly, elevated expression of necroptosis markers along with enhanced oxidative stress in the DOX group were alleviated by PGC-1α agonist. These data collectively suggested the potent therapeutic efficacy of PGC-1α agonist in mitigating the deleterious effects of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy, and it may be targeted in developing the future therapeutics for the management of DCM/HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, AIIMS, New Delhi 110029, India; (S.)
| | | | | | - Neetu Bhari
- Dermatology & Venereology, AIIMS, New Delhi 110029, India
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Mongirdienė A, Liuizė A, Karčiauskaitė D, Mazgelytė E, Liekis A, Sadauskienė I. Relationship between Oxidative Stress and Left Ventricle Markers in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050803. [PMID: 36899939 PMCID: PMC10001312 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is proposed in the literature as an important player in the development of CHF and correlates with left ventricle (LV) dysfunction and hypertrophy in the failing heart. In this study, we aimed to verify if the serum oxidative stress markers differ in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients' groups depending on the LV geometry and function. Patients were stratified into two groups according to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) values: HFrEF (<40% (n = 27)) and HFpEF (≥40% (n = 33)). Additionally, patients were stratified into four groups according to LV geometry: NG-normal left ventricle geometry (n = 7), CR-concentric remodeling (n = 14), cLVH-concentric LV hypertrophy (n = 16), and eLVF-eccentric LV hypertrophy (n = 23). We measured protein (protein carbonyl (PC), nitrotyrosine (NT-Tyr), dityrosine), lipid (malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidizes (HDL) oxidation and antioxidant (catalase activity, total plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC) markers in serum. Transthoracic echocardiogram analysis and lipidogram were also performed. We found that oxidative (NT-Tyr, dityrosine, PC, MDA, oxHDL) and antioxidative (TAC, catalase) stress marker levels did not differ between the groups according to LVEF or LV geometry. NT-Tyr correlated with PC (rs = 0.482, p = 0.000098), and oxHDL (rs = 0.278, p = 0.0314). MDA correlated with total (rs = 0.337, p = 0.008), LDL (rs = 0.295, p = 0.022) and non-HDL (rs = 0.301, p = 0.019) cholesterol. NT-Tyr negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol (rs = -0.285, p = 0.027). LV parameters did not correlate with oxidative/antioxidative stress markers. Significant negative correlations were found between the end-diastolic volume of the LV and the end-systolic volume of the LV and HDL-cholesterol (rs = -0.935, p < 0.0001; rs = -0.906, p < 0.0001, respectively). Significant positive correlations between both the thickness of the interventricular septum and the thickness of the LV wall and the levels of triacylglycerol in serum (rs = 0.346, p = 0.007; rs = 0.329, p = 0.010, respectively) were found. In conclusions, we did not find a difference in serum concentrations of both oxidant (NT-Tyr, PC, MDA) and antioxidant (TAC and catalase) concentrations in CHF patients' groups according to LV function and geometry was found. The geometry of the LV could be related to lipid metabolism in CHF patients, and no correlation between oxidative/antioxidant and LV markers in CHF patients was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aušra Mongirdienė
- Department of Biochemistry, Medicine Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Str. 4, LT-50103 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnė Liuizė
- Cardiology Clinic, University Hospital, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Str. 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dovilė Karčiauskaitė
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio st. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eglė Mazgelytė
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio st. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arūnas Liekis
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Eiveniu Str. 4, LT-50103 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ilona Sadauskienė
- Department of Biochemistry, Medicine Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Str. 4, LT-50103 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Eiveniu Str. 4, LT-50103 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Sztolsztener K, Bzdęga W, Hodun K, Chabowski A. N-Acetylcysteine Decreases Myocardial Content of Inflammatory Mediators Preventing the Development of Inflammation State and Oxidative Stress in Rats Subjected to a High-Fat Diet. Int J Inflam 2023; 2023:5480199. [PMID: 36941865 PMCID: PMC10024630 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5480199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is a key precursor for proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory derivatives that regulate the inflammatory response. The modulation of AA metabolism is a target for searching a therapeutic agent with potent anti-inflammatory action in cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, our study aims to determine the potential preventive impact of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation on myocardial inflammation and the occurrence of oxidative stress in obesity induced by high-fat feeding. The experiment was conducted for eight weeks on male Wistar rats fed a standard chow or a high-fat diet (HFD) with intragastric NAC supplementation. The Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GLC) method was used to quantify the plasma and myocardial AA levels in the selected lipid fraction. The expression of proteins included in the inflammation pathway was measured by the Western blot technique. The concentrations of arachidonic acid derivatives, cytokines and chemokines, and oxidative stress parameters were determined by the ELISA, colorimetric, and multiplex immunoassay kits. We established that in the left ventricle tissue NAC reduced AA concentration, especially in the phospholipid fraction. NAC administration ameliorated the COX-2 and 5-LOX expression, leading to a decrease in the PGE2 and LTC4 contents, respectively, and augmented the 12/15-LOX expression, increasing the LXA4 content. In obese rats, NAC ameliorated NF-κB expression, inhibiting the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. NAC also affected the antioxidant levels in HFD rats through an increase in GSH and CAT contents with a simultaneous decrease in the levels of 4-HNE and MDA. We concluded that NAC treatment weakens the NF-κB signaling pathway, limiting the development of myocardial low-grade inflammation, and increasing the antioxidant content that may protect against the development of oxidative stress in rats with obesity induced by an HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Sztolsztener
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wiktor Bzdęga
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hodun
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
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Wang W, Hong M, Wong NK, Deng J, Li Z, Ran Y, Li J, Sun L, Jin L, Guan BO. Surface-wettable nonenzymatic fiber-optic sensor for selective detection of hydrogen peroxide. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:26975-26987. [PMID: 36236879 DOI: 10.1364/oe.457320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A micro-nanostructure-based surface-modified fiber-optic sensor has been developed herein to selectively detect hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In our design, phenylboronic ester-modified polymers were used as a modified cladding medium that allows chemo-optic transduction. Sensing is mechanistically based on oxidation and subsequent hydrolysis of the phenylboronic ester-modified polymer, which modulates hydrophobic properties of fiber-optic devices, which was confirmed during characterization of the chemical functional group and hydrophobicity of the active sensing material. This work illustrates a useful strategy of exploiting principles of chemical modifications to design surface-wettable fiber-optic sensing devices for detecting reactive species of broad relevance to biological and environmental analyses.
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Najjar RS, Knapp D, Wanders D, Feresin RG. Raspberry and blackberry act in a synergistic manner to improve cardiac redox proteins and reduce NF-κB and SAPK/JNK in mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1784-1796. [PMID: 35487829 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increased cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress are common features in obesity, and toll-like receptor (TLR)4 signaling is a key inflammatory pathway in this deleterious process. This study aimed to investigate whether berries could attenuate the detrimental effects of a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet on the myocardium at the molecular level. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice consumed a low-fat, low-sucrose (LFLS) diet alone or supplemented with 10% blackberry (BL), 10% raspberry (RB) or 10% blackberry + raspberry (BL + RB) for four weeks. Animals were then switched to a HFHS diet for 24 weeks with or without berry supplementation or maintained on a LFLS control diet without berry supplementation. Left ventricles of the heart were isolated for protein and mRNA analysis. Berry consumption, particularly BL + RB reduced NADPH-oxidase (NOX)1 and NOX2 and increased catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)2, expression while BL and RB supplementation alone was less efficacious. Downstream TLR4 signaling was attenuated mostly by both RB and BL + RB supplementation, while NF-κB pathway was attenuated by BL + RB supplementation. Stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) was also attenuated by BL + RB supplementation, and reduced TNF-α transcription and protein expression was observed only with BL + RB supplementation. CONCLUSION The synergistic effects of BL + RB may reduce obesity-induced cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress to a greater extent than BL or RB alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami S Najjar
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Denise Knapp
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Desiree Wanders
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rafaela G Feresin
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells versus Omega n − 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Gentamicin-Induced Cardiac Degeneration. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071322. [PMID: 35890218 PMCID: PMC9319609 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared the cardioprotective action of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and PUFAs in a rat model of gentamicin (GM)-induced cardiac degeneration. Male Wistar albino rats were randomized into four groups of eight rats each: group I (control group), group II (gentamicin-treated rats receiving gentamicin intraperitoneally (IP) at dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 10 consecutive days), group III (gentamicin and PUFA group receiving gentamicin IP at dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 10 consecutive days followed by PUFAs at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks), and group IV (gentamicin and MSC group receiving gentamicin IP at dose of 100 mg/kg/day followed by a single dose of MSCs (1 × 106)/rat IP). Cardiac histopathology was evaluated via light and electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), caspase-3 (apoptosis), Bcl2, and Bax expression was performed. Moreover, cardiac malonaldehyde (MDA) content, catalase activity, and oxidative stress parameters were biochemically evaluated. Light and electron microscopy showed that both MSCs and PUFAs had ameliorative effects. Their actions were mediated by upregulating PCNA expression, downregulating caspase-3 expression, mitigating cardiac MDA content, catalase activity, and oxidative stress parameters. MSCs and PUFAs had ameliorative effects against gentamicin-induced cardiac degeneration, with MSCs showing higher efficacy compared to PUFAs.
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12
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α-Lipoic acid ameliorates inflammation state and oxidative stress by reducing the content of bioactive lipid derivatives in the left ventricle of rats fed a high-fat diet. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166440. [PMID: 35569738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid (AA) are implicated with the occurrence of inflammation and oxidative stress. The current knowledge of AA metabolism focuses on searching for the therapeutic strategy to subvert affected AA metabolism. The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential protective effect of chronic α-lipoic acid (α-LA) supplementation on myocardial inflammation state and oxidative stress in obesity-related cardiovascular dysfunction. The experiment was carried out on male Wistar rats receiving a standard or a high-fat diets with intragastric α-LA administration for 8 weeks. Plasma and myocardial AA concentration was determined using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). The Western blot technique was used to examine the expression of proteins from the inflammatory pathway. The content of selected cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and oxidative stress indicators was detected by ELISA, colorimetric, and multiplex assay kits. Our results revealed that α-LA caused a notable reduction in AA content, mainly in the phospholipid fraction with a simultaneous diminishment in the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators, i.e., prostaglandin E2, leukotrienes B4 and C4 by decreasing the expression of COX-2 and 5-LOX. α-LA also augmented the level of antioxidative SOD2 and GSH and decreased the level of lipid peroxidation products, which improved oxidative system impairment in the left ventricle tissue. The data clearly showed that α-lipoic acid has a significant role in inflammation and oxidative stress development ameliorating the risk of cardiac obesity induced by high-fat feeding.
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13
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Mongirdienė A, Skrodenis L, Varoneckaitė L, Mierkytė G, Gerulis J. Reactive Oxygen Species Induced Pathways in Heart Failure Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030602. [PMID: 35327404 PMCID: PMC8945343 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With respect to structural and functional cardiac disorders, heart failure (HF) is divided into HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Oxidative stress contributes to the development of both HFrEF and HFpEF. Identification of a broad spectrum of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced pathways in preclinical models has provided new insights about the importance of ROS in HFrEF and HFpEF development. While current treatment strategies mostly concern neuroendocrine inhibition, recent data on ROS-induced metabolic pathways in cardiomyocytes may offer additional treatment strategies and targets for both of the HF forms. The purpose of this article is to summarize the results achieved in the fields of: (1) ROS importance in HFrEF and HFpEF pathophysiology, and (2) treatments for inhibiting ROS-induced pathways in HFrEF and HFpEF patients. ROS-producing pathways in cardiomyocytes, ROS-activated pathways in different HF forms, and treatment options to inhibit their action are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aušra Mongirdienė
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +370-837361768
| | - Laurynas Skrodenis
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickevičiaus str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.S.); (L.V.); (G.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Leila Varoneckaitė
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickevičiaus str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.S.); (L.V.); (G.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Gerda Mierkytė
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickevičiaus str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.S.); (L.V.); (G.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Justinas Gerulis
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickevičiaus str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.S.); (L.V.); (G.M.); (J.G.)
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14
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Lu Y, An L, Taylor MRG, Chen QM. Nrf2 signaling in heart failure: expression of Nrf2, Keap1, antioxidant, and detoxification genes in dilated or ischemic cardiomyopathy. Physiol Genomics 2022; 54:115-127. [PMID: 35073209 PMCID: PMC8897001 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00079.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of oxidative stress have been found with heart failure. Whether failing hearts express antioxidant and detoxification enzymes have not been addressed systematically. Nrf2 gene encodes a transcription factor that regulates the expression of antioxidant and detoxification genes. Using RNA-Seq data set from explanted hearts of 37 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), 13 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), and 14 nonfailure (NF) donors as a control, we addressed whether failing hearts change the expression of Nrf2, its negative regulator Keap1, and antioxidant or detoxification genes. Significant increases in the ratio of Nrf2 to Keap1 were found to associate with DCM or ICM. Antioxidant genes showed decreased expression in both types of heart failure, including NQO1, SOD1, GPX3, GPX4, GSR, PRDX1, and TXNRD1. Detoxification enzymes, GCLM and EPHX1, also showed decreased expression, whereas the CYP1B1 transcript was elevated in both DCM and ICM. The genes encoding metal-binding protein ferritin were decreased, whereas five out of 12 metallothionein genes showed elevated expression. Our finding on Nrf2 gene expression has been validated by meta-analysis of seven independent data sets of microarray or RNA-Seq for differential gene expression in DCM and ICM from NF controls. In conclusion, minor elevation of Nrf2 gene expression is not coupled to increases in antioxidant and detoxification genes, supporting an impairment of Nrf2 signaling in patients with heart failure. Decreases in multiple antioxidant and detoxification genes are consistent with the observed increases of oxidative stress in failing hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lu
- 1Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona,2Interdisciplanary Program in Statistics and Data Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Lingling An
- 3Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Matthew R. G. Taylor
- 4Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Qin M. Chen
- 1Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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15
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Kim J, Bai H. Peroxisomal Stress Response and Inter-Organelle Communication in Cellular Homeostasis and Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:192. [PMID: 35204075 PMCID: PMC8868334 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are key regulators of cellular and metabolic homeostasis. These organelles play important roles in redox metabolism, the oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), and the biosynthesis of ether phospholipids. Given the essential role of peroxisomes in cellular homeostasis, peroxisomal dysfunction has been linked to various pathological conditions, tissue functional decline, and aging. In the past few decades, a variety of cellular signaling and metabolic changes have been reported to be associated with defective peroxisomes, suggesting that many cellular processes and functions depend on peroxisomes. Peroxisomes communicate with other subcellular organelles, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and lysosomes. These inter-organelle communications are highly linked to the key mechanisms by which cells surveil defective peroxisomes and mount adaptive responses to protect them from damages. In this review, we highlight the major cellular changes that accompany peroxisomal dysfunction and peroxisomal inter-organelle communication through membrane contact sites, metabolic signaling, and retrograde signaling. We also discuss the age-related decline of peroxisomal protein import and its role in animal aging and age-related diseases. Unlike other organelle stress response pathways, such as the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the ER and mitochondria, the cellular signaling pathways that mediate stress responses to malfunctioning peroxisomes have not been systematically studied and investigated. Here, we coin these signaling pathways as "peroxisomal stress response pathways". Understanding peroxisomal stress response pathways and how peroxisomes communicate with other organelles are important and emerging areas of peroxisome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinoh Kim
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Hua Bai
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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16
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Chen H, Zhuo C, Zu A, Yuan S, Zhang H, Zhao J, Zheng L. Thymoquinone ameliorates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by activating the AMPK signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:855-867. [PMID: 34953026 PMCID: PMC8817125 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged pathological myocardial hypertrophy leads to end‐stage heart failure. Thymoquinone (TQ), a bioactive component extracted from Nigella sativa seeds, is extensively used in ethnomedicine to treat a broad spectrum of disorders. However, it remains unclear whether TQ protects the heart from pathological hypertrophy. This study was conducted to examine the potential utility of TQ for treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and if so, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Male C57BL/6J mice underwent either transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or sham operation, followed by TQ treatment for six consecutive weeks. In vitro experiments consisted of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) that were exposed to phenylephrine (PE) stimulation to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In this study, we observed that systemic administration of TQ preserved cardiac contractile function, and alleviated cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and oxidative stress in TAC‐challenged mice. The in vitro experiments showed that TQ treatment attenuated the PE‐induced hypertrophic response in NRCMs. Mechanistical experiments showed that supplementation of TQ induced reactivation of the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) with concomitant inhibition of ERK 1/2, p38 and JNK1/2 MAPK cascades. Furthermore, we demonstrated that compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, abolished the protective effects of TQ in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Altogether, our study disclosed that TQ provides protection against myocardial hypertrophy in an AMPK‐dependent manner and identified it as a promising agent for the treatment of myocardial hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Chen
- Department of Cardiology and Atrial Fibrillation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengui Zhuo
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aohan Zu
- Department of Cardiology and Atrial Fibrillation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Echocardiography and Vascular Ultrasound Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Atrial Fibrillation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Liangrong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology and Atrial Fibrillation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Weissman D, Maack C. Redox signaling in heart failure and therapeutic implications. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 171:345-364. [PMID: 34019933 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a growing health burden worldwide characterized by alterations in excitation-contraction coupling, cardiac energetic deficit and oxidative stress. While current treatments are mostly limited to antagonization of neuroendocrine activation, more recent data suggest that also targeting metabolism may provide substantial prognostic benefit. However, although in a broad spectrum of preclinical models, oxidative stress plays a causal role for the development and progression of heart failure, no treatment that targets reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly has entered the clinical arena yet. In the heart, ROS derive from various sources, such as NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidase, uncoupled nitric oxide synthase and mitochondria. While mitochondria are the primary source of ROS in the heart, communication between different ROS sources may be relevant for physiological signalling events as well as pathologically elevated ROS that deteriorate excitation-contraction coupling, induce hypertrophy and/or trigger cell death. Here, we review the sources of ROS in the heart, the modes of pathological activation of ROS formation as well as therapeutic approaches that may target ROS specifically in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Weissman
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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18
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McCarty MF. Nutraceutical, Dietary, and Lifestyle Options for Prevention and Treatment of Ventricular Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073321. [PMID: 33805039 PMCID: PMC8037104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although well documented drug therapies are available for the management of ventricular hypertrophy (VH) and heart failure (HF), most patients nonetheless experience a downhill course, and further therapeutic measures are needed. Nutraceutical, dietary, and lifestyle measures may have particular merit in this regard, as they are currently available, relatively safe and inexpensive, and can lend themselves to primary prevention as well. A consideration of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the VH/HF syndrome suggests that measures which control oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, that support effective nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide bioactivity, that prevent a reduction in cardiomyocyte pH, and that boost the production of protective hormones, such as fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), while suppressing fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and marinobufagenin, may have utility for preventing and controlling this syndrome. Agents considered in this essay include phycocyanobilin, N-acetylcysteine, lipoic acid, ferulic acid, zinc, selenium, ubiquinol, astaxanthin, melatonin, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, berberine, citrulline, high-dose folate, cocoa flavanols, hawthorn extract, dietary nitrate, high-dose biotin, soy isoflavones, taurine, carnitine, magnesium orotate, EPA-rich fish oil, glycine, and copper. The potential advantages of whole-food plant-based diets, moderation in salt intake, avoidance of phosphate additives, and regular exercise training and sauna sessions are also discussed. There should be considerable scope for the development of functional foods and supplements which make it more convenient and affordable for patients to consume complementary combinations of the agents discussed here. Research Strategy: Key word searching of PubMed was employed to locate the research papers whose findings are cited in this essay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Catalytic Longevity Foundation, 811 B Nahant Ct., San Diego, CA 92109, USA
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19
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Goodman JB, Qin F, Morgan RJ, Chambers JM, Croteau D, Siwik DA, Hobai I, Panagia M, Luptak I, Bachschmid M, Tong X, Pimentel DR, Cohen RA, Colucci WS. Redox-Resistant SERCA [Sarco(endo)plasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase] Attenuates Oxidant-Stimulated Mitochondrial Calcium and Apoptosis in Cardiac Myocytes and Pressure Overload-Induced Myocardial Failure in Mice. Circulation 2020; 142:2459-2469. [PMID: 33076678 PMCID: PMC7752816 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.048183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SERCA [sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase] is regulated by oxidative posttranslational modifications at cysteine 674 (C674). Because sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium has been shown to play a critical role in mediating mitochondrial dysfunction in response to reactive oxygen species, we hypothesized that SERCA oxidation at C674 would modulate the effects of reactive oxygen species on mitochondrial calcium and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in cardiac myocytes. METHODS Adult rat ventricular myocytes expressing wild-type SERCA2b or a redox-insensitive mutant in which C674 is replaced by serine (C674S) were exposed to H2O2 (100 µmol/Lμ). Free mitochondrial calcium concentration was measured in adult rat ventricular myocytes with a genetically targeted fluorescent probe, and SR calcium content was assessed by measuring caffeine-stimulated release. Mice with heterozygous knock-in of the SERCA C674S mutation were subjected to chronic ascending aortic constriction. RESULTS In adult rat ventricular myocytes expressing wild-type SERCA, H2O2 caused a 25% increase in mitochondrial calcium concentration that was associated with a 50% decrease in SR calcium content, both of which were prevented by the ryanodine receptor inhibitor tetracaine. In cells expressing the C674S mutant, basal SR calcium content was decreased by 31% and the H2O2-stimulated rise in mitochondrial calcium concentration was attenuated by 40%. In wild-type cells, H2O2 caused cytochrome c release and apoptosis, both of which were prevented in C674S-expressing cells. In myocytes from SERCA knock-in mice, basal SERCA activity and SR calcium content were decreased. To test the effect of C674 oxidation on apoptosis in vivo, SERCA knock-in mice were subjected to chronic ascending aortic constriction. In wild-type mice, ascending aortic constriction caused myocyte apoptosis, LV dilation, and systolic failure, all of which were inhibited in SERCA knock-in mice. CONCLUSIONS Redox activation of SERCA C674 regulates basal SR calcium content, thereby mediating the pathologic reactive oxygen species-stimulated rise in mitochondrial calcium required for myocyte apoptosis and myocardial failure.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Heart Failure/enzymology
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Hydrogen Peroxide/toxicity
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/enzymology
- Mitochondria, Heart/genetics
- Mitochondria, Heart/pathology
- Mutation
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Oxidants/toxicity
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/genetics
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/metabolism
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Jena B. Goodman
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Boston University School
of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Fuzhong Qin
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Boston University School
of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Robert J. Morgan
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Boston University School
of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Jordan M. Chambers
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Boston University School
of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Dominique Croteau
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Boston University School
of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Deborah A. Siwik
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Boston University School
of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Ion Hobai
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Boston University School
of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Marcello Panagia
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Boston University School
of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Ivan Luptak
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Boston University School
of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Markus Bachschmid
- Vascular Biology Unit, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - XiaoYong Tong
- Vascular Biology Unit, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - David R. Pimentel
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Boston University School
of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Richard A. Cohen
- Vascular Biology Unit, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Wilson S. Colucci
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Boston University School
of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA
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20
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Reitz CJ, Alibhai FJ, de Lima-Seolin BG, Nemec-Bakk A, Khaper N, Martino TA. Circadian mutant mice with obesity and metabolic syndrome are resilient to cardiovascular disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H1097-H1111. [PMID: 32986958 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00462.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome commonly underlie cardiovascular disease. ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice fed a normal diet develop obesity and metabolic syndrome; however, it is not known whether they develop or are resilient to cardiovascular disease. We found that ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice do not develop cardiac dysfunction, despite their underlying conditions. Moreover, in contrast to wild-type controls fed a high-fat diet (HFD), ClockΔ19/Δ19 HFD mice still do not develop cardiovascular disease. Indeed, ClockΔ19/Δ19 HFD mice have preserved heart weight despite their obesity, no cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and preserved heart structure and function, even after 24 wk of a HFD. To determine why ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice are resilient to cardiac dysfunction despite their underlying obesity and metabolic conditions, we examined global cardiac gene expression profiles by microarray and bioinformatics analyses, revealing that oxidative stress pathways were involved. We examined the pathways in further detail and found that 1) SIRT-dependent oxidative stress pathways were not directly involved in resilience; 2) 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) increased in wild-type HFD but not ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice, suggesting less reactive oxygen species in ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice; 3) cardiac catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) increased, suggesting strong antioxidant defenses in the hearts of ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice; and 4) Pparγ was upregulated in the hearts of ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice; this circadian-regulated gene drives transcription of CAT and GPx, providing a molecular basis for resilience in the ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice. These findings shed new light on the circadian regulation of oxidative stress and demonstrate an important role for the circadian mechanism in resilience to cardiovascular disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We examined whether obesity and metabolic syndrome underlie the development of cardiac dysfunction in circadian mutant ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice. Surprisingly, we demonstrate that although ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice develop metabolic dysfunction, they are protected from cardiac hypertrophy, left ventricular remodeling, and diastolic dysfunction, in contrast to wild-type controls, even when challenged with a chronic high-fat diet. These findings shed new light on the circadian regulation of oxidative stress pathways, which can mediate resilience to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristine J Reitz
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Faisal J Alibhai
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruna Gazzi de Lima-Seolin
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley Nemec-Bakk
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neelam Khaper
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tami A Martino
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Luptak I, Croteau D, Valentine C, Qin F, Siwik DA, Remick DG, Colucci WS, Hobai IA. Myocardial Redox Hormesis Protects the Heart of Female Mice in Sepsis. Shock 2020; 52:52-60. [PMID: 30102640 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide develop cardiomyopathy in a sex and redox-dependent fashion. Here we extended these studies to the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model.We compared male and female FVB mice (wild type, WT) and transgenic littermates overexpressing myocardial catalase (CAT). CLP induced 100% mortality within 4 days, with similar mortality rates in male and female WT and CAT mice. 24 h after CLP, isolated (Langendorff) perfused hearts showed depressed contractility in WT male mice, but not in male CAT or female WT and CAT mice. In WT male mice, CLP induced a depression of cardiomyocyte sarcomere shortening (ΔSS) and calcium transients (ΔCai), and the inhibition of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca ATPase (SERCA). These deficits were associated with overexpression of NADPH-dependent oxidase (NOX)-1, NOX-2, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and were partially prevented in male CAT mice. Female WT mice showed unchanged ΔSS, ΔCai, and SERCA function after CLP. At baseline, female WT mice showed partially depressed ΔSS, ΔCai, and SERCA function, as compared with male WT mice, which were associated with NOX-1 overexpression and were prevented in CAT female mice.In conclusion, in male WT mice, septic shock induces myocardial NOX-1, NOX-2, and COX-2, and redox-dependent dysregulation of myocardial Ca transporters. Female WT mice are resistant to CLP-induced cardiomyopathy, despite increased NOX-1 and COX-2 expression, suggesting increased antioxidant capacity. Female resistance occurred in association with NOX-1 overexpression and signs of increased oxidative signaling at baseline, indicating the presence of a protective myocardial redox hormesis mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Luptak
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dominique Croteau
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Catherine Valentine
- Department of Pathology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fuzhong Qin
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deborah A Siwik
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel G Remick
- Department of Pathology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wilson S Colucci
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ion A Hobai
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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22
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Li P, Song X, Zhang D, Guo N, Wu C, Chen K, Liu Y, Yuan L, Chen X, Huang X. Resveratrol improves left ventricular remodeling in chronic kidney disease via Sirt1-mediated regulation of FoxO1 activity and MnSOD expression. Biofactors 2020; 46:168-179. [PMID: 31688999 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular remodeling commonly complicates end-stage renal disease following chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenolic compound, on left ventricular remodeling in subtotal nephrectomy rats and sought to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms. Subtotal nephrectomy caused renal dysfunction, such as gradual increases in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, glomerular sclerosis, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In addition, subtotal nephrectomy also resulted in significant increases in myocyte cross-sectional area, interstitial and perivascular fibrosis, and left ventricular dilatation. All these detrimental effects were alleviated in the presence of RSV. Mechanistically, RSV treatment led to the upregulation of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in the heart. Coimmunoprecipitation studies showed that silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) bound forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) and thus reduced acetylated FoxO1. RSV strengthened this interaction between Sirt1 and FoxO1. Loss of one allele of Sirt1 aggravated renal damage, myocyte hypertrophy, and interstitial fibrosis in nephrectomized mice. Taken together, our data show that Sirt1 is an important mediator for the protective roles of RSV on renal and heart damage in CKD rodent model, and FoxO1 and MnSOD are likely downstream targets of Sirt1. Therefore, Sirt1 might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of left ventricular remodeling caused by CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoli Song
- Department of Nephrology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Tongzhou District, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dingwu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Naifeng Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuwen Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kairen Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Tongzhou District, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinzhong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Hoes MF, Tromp J, Ouwerkerk W, Bomer N, Oberdorf-Maass SU, Samani NJ, Ng LL, Lang CC, van der Harst P, Hillege H, Anker SD, Metra M, van Veldhuisen DJ, Voors AA, van der Meer P. The role of cathepsin D in the pathophysiology of heart failure and its potentially beneficial properties: a translational approach. Eur J Heart Fail 2019; 22:2102-2111. [PMID: 31797504 PMCID: PMC7754332 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Cathepsin D is a ubiquitous lysosomal protease that is primarily secreted due to oxidative stress. The role of circulating cathepsin D in heart failure (HF) is unknown. The aim of this study is to determine the association between circulating cathepsin D levels and clinical outcomes in patients with HF and to investigate the biological settings that induce the release of cathepsin D in HF. Methods and results Cathepsin D levels were studied in 2174 patients with HF from the BIOSTAT‐CHF index study. Results were validated in 1700 HF patients from the BIOSTAT‐CHF validation cohort. The primary combined outcome was all‐cause mortality and/or HF hospitalizations. Human pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes were subjected to hypoxic, pro‐inflammatory signalling and stretch conditions. Additionally, cathepsin D expression was inhibited by targeted short hairpin RNAs (shRNA). Higher levels of cathepsin D were independently associated with diabetes mellitus, renal failure and higher levels of interleukin‐6 and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (P < 0.001 for all). Cathepsin D levels were independently associated with the primary combined outcome [hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation (SD): 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.23], which was validated in an independent cohort (HR per SD: 1.23, 95% CI 1.09–1.40). In vitro experiments demonstrated that human stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes released cathepsin D and troponin T in response to mechanical stretch. ShRNA‐mediated silencing of cathepsin D resulted in increased necrosis, abrogated autophagy, increased stress‐induced metabolism, and increased release of troponin T from human stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes under stress. Conclusions Circulating cathepsin D levels are associated with HF severity and poorer outcome, and reduced levels of cathepsin D may have detrimental effects with therapeutic potential in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn F Hoes
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Tromp
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Wouter Ouwerkerk
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nils Bomer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Leong L Ng
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Chim C Lang
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Hillege
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism - Heart Failure, Cachexia & Sarcopenia; Department of Cardiology (CVK); and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Metra
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Adriaan A Voors
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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24
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Role of oxidative stress-related biomarkers in heart failure: galectin 3, α1-antitrypsin and LOX-1: new therapeutic perspective? Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 464:143-152. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03656-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Protein Carbonyl Content Is a Predictive Biomarker of Eccentric Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hemodialysis Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:diagnostics9040202. [PMID: 31775390 PMCID: PMC6963343 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9040202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and elevated oxidative stress are associated with poor outcomes in chronic hemodialysis patients. Abnormal left ventriculаr geomеtry and different geometric patterns play an important role as well. Our study analyzed the role of oxidative stress on myocardial remodeling in these patients. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC) content, and total antioxidative capacity (TAC) were investigated in 104 hemodialysis patients together with transthoracic echocardiography. Compared to patients with normal ventricular geometry, patients with LVH had increased MDA and PC plasma concentration. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that protein carbonyls, as biomarkers of oxidative protein modification, were an independent predictor of eccentric hypertrophy (eLVH), including higher LV end-diastolic diameter and LV end-diastolic volume, (β = 0.32 and β = 0.28, p < 0.001 for both). The incidence of eLVH increased progressively from the lowest to the highest baseline PC tertile (p < 0.001 for the trend) and the subjects in the former group showed a 76% greater risk of developing eLVH compared to their counterparts. After further adjustment for the potential mediators, PCs carried eLVH odds (95% confidence interval (CI)) of 1.256 (0.998-1.514), per standard deviation increase. High plasma protein carbonyls levels are a significant independent predictor of eccentric LVH in chronic hemodialysis patients.
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26
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Wang K, Zhu Z, Chi R, Li Q, Yang Z, Jie X, Hu X, Han X, Wang J, Li B, Qin F, Fan B. The NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin improves cardiac sympathetic nerve terminal innervation and function in heart failure. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:1638-1649. [PMID: 31475749 DOI: 10.1113/ep087552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 Shanxi P. R. China
- Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi P. R. China
- Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Zong‐Feng Zhu
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 Shanxi P. R. China
- Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi P. R. China
- Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Rui‐Fang Chi
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 Shanxi P. R. China
- Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Zi‐Jian Yang
- Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Xi Jie
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 Shanxi P. R. China
- Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Xin‐Ling Hu
- Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Xue‐Bin Han
- Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Pu Wang
- Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Bao Li
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 Shanxi P. R. China
- Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Fu‐Zhong Qin
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 Shanxi P. R. China
- Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi P. R. China
- Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Bianai Fan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute Massachusetts Eye and Ear Harvard Medical School Affiliate Boston MA 02114 USA
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27
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Luptak I, Qin F, Sverdlov AL, Pimentel DR, Panagia M, Croteau D, Siwik DA, Bachschmid MM, He H, Balschi JA, Colucci WS. Energetic Dysfunction Is Mediated by Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species and Precedes Structural Remodeling in Metabolic Heart Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:539-549. [PMID: 31088291 PMCID: PMC6648235 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Metabolic syndrome is associated with metabolic heart disease (MHD) that is characterized by left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, contractile dysfunction, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Overexpression of catalase in mitochondria (transgenic expression of catalase targeted to the mitochondria [mCAT]) prevents the structural and functional features of MHD caused by a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet for ≥4 months. However, it is unclear whether the effect of mCAT is due to prevention of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cardiac remodeling, a direct effect on mitochondrial function, or both. To address this question, we measured myocardial function and energetics in mice, with or without mCAT, after 1 month of HFHS, before the development of cardiac structural remodeling. Results: HFHS diet for 1 month had no effect on body weight, heart weight, LV structure, myocyte size, or interstitial fibrosis. Isolated cardiac mitochondria from HFHS-fed mice produced 2.2- to 3.8-fold more H2O2, and 16%-29% less adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In isolated beating hearts from HFHS-fed mice, [phosphocreatine (PCr)] and the free energy available for ATP hydrolysis (ΔG∼ATP) were decreased, and they failed to increase with work demands. Overexpression of mCAT normalized ROS and ATP production in isolated mitochondria, and it corrected myocardial [PCr] and ΔG∼ATP in the beating heart. Innovation: This is the first demonstration that in MHD, mitochondrial ROS mediate energetic dysfunction that is sufficient to impair contractile function. Conclusion: ROS produced and acting in the mitochondria impair myocardial energetics, leading to slowed relaxation and decreased contractile reserve. These effects precede structural remodeling and are corrected by mCAT, indicating that ROS-mediated energetic impairment, per se, is sufficient to cause contractile dysfunction in MHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Luptak
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fuzhong Qin
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aaron L. Sverdlov
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - David R. Pimentel
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marcello Panagia
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dominique Croteau
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deborah A. Siwik
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Markus M. Bachschmid
- Vascular Biology Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Huamei He
- Physiological NMR Core Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James A. Balschi
- Physiological NMR Core Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wilson S. Colucci
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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28
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Peroxisomal Hydrogen Peroxide Metabolism and Signaling in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153673. [PMID: 31357514 PMCID: PMC6695606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a non-radical reactive oxygen species generated during many (patho)physiological conditions, is currently universally recognized as an important mediator of redox-regulated processes. Depending on its spatiotemporal accumulation profile, this molecule may act as a signaling messenger or cause oxidative damage. The focus of this review is to comprehensively evaluate the evidence that peroxisomes, organelles best known for their role in cellular lipid metabolism, also serve as hubs in the H2O2 signaling network. We first briefly introduce the basic concepts of how H2O2 can drive cellular signaling events. Next, we outline the peroxisomal enzyme systems involved in H2O2 metabolism in mammals and reflect on how this oxidant can permeate across the organellar membrane. In addition, we provide an up-to-date overview of molecular targets and biological processes that can be affected by changes in peroxisomal H2O2 metabolism. Where possible, emphasis is placed on the molecular mechanisms and factors involved. From the data presented, it is clear that there are still numerous gaps in our knowledge. Therefore, gaining more insight into how peroxisomes are integrated in the cellular H2O2 signaling network is of key importance to unravel the precise role of peroxisomal H2O2 production and scavenging in normal and pathological conditions.
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29
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van der Pol A, van Gilst WH, Voors AA, van der Meer P. Treating oxidative stress in heart failure: past, present and future. Eur J Heart Fail 2018; 21:425-435. [PMID: 30338885 PMCID: PMC6607515 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cardiovascular research have identified oxidative stress as an important pathophysiological pathway in the development and progression of heart failure. Oxidative stress is defined as the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the endogenous antioxidant defence system. Under physiological conditions, small quantities of ROS are produced intracellularly, which function in cell signalling, and can be readily reduced by the antioxidant defence system. However, under pathophysiological conditions, the production of ROS exceeds the buffering capacity of the antioxidant defence system, resulting in cell damage and death. Over the last decades several studies have tried to target oxidative stress with the aim to improve outcome in patients with heart failure, with very limited success. The reasons as to why these studies failed to demonstrate any beneficial effects remain unclear. However, one plausible explanation might be that currently employed strategies, which target oxidative stress by exogenous inhibition of ROS production or supplementation of exogenous antioxidants, are not effective enough, while bolstering the endogenous antioxidant capacity might be a far more potent avenue for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we provide an overview of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of heart failure and the strategies utilized to date to target this pathway. We provide novel insights into modulation of endogenous antioxidants, which may lead to novel therapeutic strategies to improve outcome in patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atze van der Pol
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Perioperative Inflammation and Infection Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Wiek H van Gilst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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30
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Cardiac-specific overexpression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 exacerbates cardiac remodeling in response to pressure overload. Redox Biol 2018; 17:440-449. [PMID: 29885625 PMCID: PMC5991908 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac remodeling during heart failure is associated with higher levels of lipid peroxidation products and lower abundance of several aldehyde detoxification enzymes, including aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). An emerging idea that could explain these findings concerns the role of electrophilic species in redox signaling, which may be important for adaptive responses to stress or injury. The purpose of this study was to determine whether genetically increasing ALDH2 activity affects pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. Mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for 12 weeks developed myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction, which were associated with diminished ALDH2 expression and activity. Cardiac-specific expression of the human ALDH2 gene in mice augmented myocardial ALDH2 activity but did not improve cardiac function in response to pressure overload. After 12 weeks of TAC, ALDH2 transgenic mice had larger hearts than their wild-type littermates and lower capillary density. These findings show that overexpression of ALDH2 augments the hypertrophic response to pressure overload and imply that downregulation of ALDH2 may be an adaptive response to certain forms of cardiac pathology.
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31
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Proniewski B, Czarny J, Khomich TI, Kus K, Zakrzewska A, Chlopicki S. Immuno-Spin Trapping-Based Detection of Oxidative Modifications in Cardiomyocytes and Coronary Endothelium in the Progression of Heart Failure in Tgαq*44 Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:938. [PMID: 29867936 PMCID: PMC5949515 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest both beneficial and detrimental role of increased reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in heart failure (HF). However, it is not clear at which stage oxidative stress and oxidative modifications occur in the endothelium in relation to cardiomyocytes in non-ischemic HF. Furthermore, most methods used to date to study oxidative stress are either non-specific or require tissue homogenization. In this study, we used immuno-spin trapping (IST) technique with fluorescent microscopy-based detection of DMPO nitrone adducts to localize and quantify oxidative modifications of the hearts from Tgαq*44 mice; a murine model of HF driven by cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of Gαq* protein. Tgαq*44 mice and age-matched FVB controls at early, transition, and late stages of HF progression were injected with DMPO in vivo and analyzed ex vivo for DMPO nitrone adducts signals. Progressive oxidative modifications in cardiomyocytes, as evidenced by the elevation of DMPO nitrone adducts, were detected in hearts from 10- to 16-month-old, but not in 8-month-old Tgαq*44 mice, as compared with age-matched FVB mice. The DMPO nitrone adducts were detected in left and right ventricle, septum, and papillary muscle. Surprisingly, significant elevation of DMPO nitrone adducts was also present in the coronary endothelium both in large arteries and in microcirculation simultaneously, as in cardiomyocytes, starting from 10-month-old Tgαq*44 mice. On the other hand, superoxide production in heart homogenates was elevated already in 6-month-old Tgαq*44 mice and progressively increased to high levels in 14-month-old Tgαq*44 mice, while the enzymatic activity of catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase was all elevated as early as in 4-month-old Tgαq*44 mice and stayed at a similar level in 14-month-old Tgαq*44. In summary, this study demonstrates that IST represents a unique method that allows to quantify oxidative modifications in cardiomyocytes and coronary endothelium in the heart. In Tgαq*44 mice with slowly developing HF, driven by cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of Gαq* protein, an increase in superoxide production, despite compensatory activation of antioxidative mechanisms, results in the development of oxidative modifications not only in cardiomyocytes but also in coronary endothelium, at the transition phase of HF, before the end-stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Proniewski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Czarny
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tamara I Khomich
- Institute of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, NAS of Belarus, Grodno, Belarus
| | - Kamil Kus
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zakrzewska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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32
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Heggermont WA, Papageorgiou AP, Quaegebeur A, Deckx S, Carai P, Verhesen W, Eelen G, Schoors S, van Leeuwen R, Alekseev S, Elzenaar I, Vinckier S, Pokreisz P, Walravens AS, Gijsbers R, Van Den Haute C, Nickel A, Schroen B, van Bilsen M, Janssens S, Maack C, Pinto Y, Carmeliet P, Heymans S. Inhibition of MicroRNA-146a and Overexpression of Its Target Dihydrolipoyl Succinyltransferase Protect Against Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Dysfunction. Circulation 2017; 136:747-761. [PMID: 28611091 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.024171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases remain the predominant cause of death worldwide, with the prevalence of heart failure continuing to increase. Despite increased knowledge of the metabolic alterations that occur in heart failure, novel therapies to treat the observed metabolic disturbances are still lacking. METHODS Mice were subjected to pressure overload by means of angiotensin-II infusion or transversal aortic constriction. MicroRNA-146a was either genetically or pharmacologically knocked out or genetically overexpressed in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, overexpression of dihydrolipoyl succinyltransferase (DLST) in the murine heart was performed by means of an adeno-associated virus. RESULTS MicroRNA-146a was upregulated in whole heart tissue in multiple murine pressure overload models. Also, microRNA-146a levels were moderately increased in left ventricular biopsies of patients with aortic stenosis. Overexpression of microRNA-146a in cardiomyocytes provoked cardiac hypertrophy and left ventricular dysfunction in vivo, whereas genetic knockdown or pharmacological blockade of microRNA-146a blunted the hypertrophic response and attenuated cardiac dysfunction in vivo. Mechanistically, microRNA-146a reduced its target DLST-the E2 subcomponent of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, a rate-controlling tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme. DLST protein levels significantly decreased on pressure overload in wild-type mice, paralleling a decreased oxidative metabolism, whereas DLST protein levels and hence oxidative metabolism were partially maintained in microRNA-146a knockout mice. Moreover, overexpression of DLST in wild-type mice protected against cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Altogether we show that the microRNA-146a and its target DLST are important metabolic players in left ventricular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ward A Heggermont
- From Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, Leuven, Belgium (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., P.P., A.S.W., S.J., S.H.); Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., W.V., R.v.L., B.S., M.v.B., S.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (W.H.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (S.A., I.E., Y.P.); Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Leuven Viral Vector Core, Belgium (R.G., C.V.D.H.); and Klinik für Innere Medezin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany (A.N., C.M.)
| | - Anna-Pia Papageorgiou
- From Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, Leuven, Belgium (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., P.P., A.S.W., S.J., S.H.); Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., W.V., R.v.L., B.S., M.v.B., S.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (W.H.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (S.A., I.E., Y.P.); Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Leuven Viral Vector Core, Belgium (R.G., C.V.D.H.); and Klinik für Innere Medezin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany (A.N., C.M.)
| | - Annelies Quaegebeur
- From Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, Leuven, Belgium (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., P.P., A.S.W., S.J., S.H.); Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., W.V., R.v.L., B.S., M.v.B., S.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (W.H.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (S.A., I.E., Y.P.); Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Leuven Viral Vector Core, Belgium (R.G., C.V.D.H.); and Klinik für Innere Medezin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany (A.N., C.M.)
| | - Sophie Deckx
- From Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, Leuven, Belgium (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., P.P., A.S.W., S.J., S.H.); Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., W.V., R.v.L., B.S., M.v.B., S.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (W.H.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (S.A., I.E., Y.P.); Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Leuven Viral Vector Core, Belgium (R.G., C.V.D.H.); and Klinik für Innere Medezin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany (A.N., C.M.)
| | - Paolo Carai
- From Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, Leuven, Belgium (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., P.P., A.S.W., S.J., S.H.); Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., W.V., R.v.L., B.S., M.v.B., S.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (W.H.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (S.A., I.E., Y.P.); Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Leuven Viral Vector Core, Belgium (R.G., C.V.D.H.); and Klinik für Innere Medezin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany (A.N., C.M.)
| | - Wouter Verhesen
- From Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, Leuven, Belgium (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., P.P., A.S.W., S.J., S.H.); Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., W.V., R.v.L., B.S., M.v.B., S.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (W.H.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (S.A., I.E., Y.P.); Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Leuven Viral Vector Core, Belgium (R.G., C.V.D.H.); and Klinik für Innere Medezin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany (A.N., C.M.)
| | - Guy Eelen
- From Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, Leuven, Belgium (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., P.P., A.S.W., S.J., S.H.); Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., W.V., R.v.L., B.S., M.v.B., S.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (W.H.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (S.A., I.E., Y.P.); Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Leuven Viral Vector Core, Belgium (R.G., C.V.D.H.); and Klinik für Innere Medezin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany (A.N., C.M.)
| | - Sandra Schoors
- From Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, Leuven, Belgium (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., P.P., A.S.W., S.J., S.H.); Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., W.V., R.v.L., B.S., M.v.B., S.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (W.H.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (S.A., I.E., Y.P.); Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Leuven Viral Vector Core, Belgium (R.G., C.V.D.H.); and Klinik für Innere Medezin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany (A.N., C.M.)
| | - Rick van Leeuwen
- From Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, Leuven, Belgium (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., P.P., A.S.W., S.J., S.H.); Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., W.V., R.v.L., B.S., M.v.B., S.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (W.H.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (S.A., I.E., Y.P.); Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Leuven Viral Vector Core, Belgium (R.G., C.V.D.H.); and Klinik für Innere Medezin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany (A.N., C.M.)
| | - Sergey Alekseev
- From Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, Leuven, Belgium (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., P.P., A.S.W., S.J., S.H.); Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., W.V., R.v.L., B.S., M.v.B., S.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (W.H.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (S.A., I.E., Y.P.); Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Leuven Viral Vector Core, Belgium (R.G., C.V.D.H.); and Klinik für Innere Medezin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany (A.N., C.M.)
| | - Ies Elzenaar
- From Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, Leuven, Belgium (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., P.P., A.S.W., S.J., S.H.); Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., W.V., R.v.L., B.S., M.v.B., S.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (W.H.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (S.A., I.E., Y.P.); Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Leuven Viral Vector Core, Belgium (R.G., C.V.D.H.); and Klinik für Innere Medezin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany (A.N., C.M.)
| | - Stefan Vinckier
- From Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, Leuven, Belgium (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., P.P., A.S.W., S.J., S.H.); Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., W.V., R.v.L., B.S., M.v.B., S.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (W.H.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (S.A., I.E., Y.P.); Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Leuven Viral Vector Core, Belgium (R.G., C.V.D.H.); and Klinik für Innere Medezin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany (A.N., C.M.)
| | - Peter Pokreisz
- From Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, Leuven, Belgium (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., P.P., A.S.W., S.J., S.H.); Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., W.V., R.v.L., B.S., M.v.B., S.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (W.H.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (S.A., I.E., Y.P.); Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Leuven Viral Vector Core, Belgium (R.G., C.V.D.H.); and Klinik für Innere Medezin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany (A.N., C.M.)
| | - Ann-Sophie Walravens
- From Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, Leuven, Belgium (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., P.P., A.S.W., S.J., S.H.); Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., W.V., R.v.L., B.S., M.v.B., S.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (W.H.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (S.A., I.E., Y.P.); Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Leuven Viral Vector Core, Belgium (R.G., C.V.D.H.); and Klinik für Innere Medezin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany (A.N., C.M.)
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- From Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, Leuven, Belgium (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., P.P., A.S.W., S.J., S.H.); Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., W.V., R.v.L., B.S., M.v.B., S.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (W.H.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (S.A., I.E., Y.P.); Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Leuven Viral Vector Core, Belgium (R.G., C.V.D.H.); and Klinik für Innere Medezin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany (A.N., C.M.)
| | - Chris Van Den Haute
- From Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, Leuven, Belgium (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., P.P., A.S.W., S.J., S.H.); Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., W.V., R.v.L., B.S., M.v.B., S.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (W.H.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (S.A., I.E., Y.P.); Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Leuven Viral Vector Core, Belgium (R.G., C.V.D.H.); and Klinik für Innere Medezin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany (A.N., C.M.)
| | - Alexander Nickel
- From Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, Leuven, Belgium (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., P.P., A.S.W., S.J., S.H.); Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., W.V., R.v.L., B.S., M.v.B., S.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (W.H.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (S.A., I.E., Y.P.); Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Leuven Viral Vector Core, Belgium (R.G., C.V.D.H.); and Klinik für Innere Medezin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany (A.N., C.M.)
| | - Blanche Schroen
- From Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, Leuven, Belgium (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., P.P., A.S.W., S.J., S.H.); Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., W.V., R.v.L., B.S., M.v.B., S.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (W.H.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (S.A., I.E., Y.P.); Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Leuven Viral Vector Core, Belgium (R.G., C.V.D.H.); and Klinik für Innere Medezin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany (A.N., C.M.)
| | - Marc van Bilsen
- From Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, Leuven, Belgium (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., P.P., A.S.W., S.J., S.H.); Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., W.V., R.v.L., B.S., M.v.B., S.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (W.H.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (S.A., I.E., Y.P.); Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Leuven Viral Vector Core, Belgium (R.G., C.V.D.H.); and Klinik für Innere Medezin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany (A.N., C.M.)
| | - Stefan Janssens
- From Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, Leuven, Belgium (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., P.P., A.S.W., S.J., S.H.); Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., W.V., R.v.L., B.S., M.v.B., S.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (W.H.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (S.A., I.E., Y.P.); Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Leuven Viral Vector Core, Belgium (R.G., C.V.D.H.); and Klinik für Innere Medezin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany (A.N., C.M.)
| | - Christoph Maack
- From Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, Leuven, Belgium (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., P.P., A.S.W., S.J., S.H.); Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., W.V., R.v.L., B.S., M.v.B., S.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (W.H.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (S.A., I.E., Y.P.); Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Leuven Viral Vector Core, Belgium (R.G., C.V.D.H.); and Klinik für Innere Medezin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany (A.N., C.M.)
| | - Yigal Pinto
- From Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, Leuven, Belgium (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., P.P., A.S.W., S.J., S.H.); Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., W.V., R.v.L., B.S., M.v.B., S.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (W.H.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (S.A., I.E., Y.P.); Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Leuven Viral Vector Core, Belgium (R.G., C.V.D.H.); and Klinik für Innere Medezin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany (A.N., C.M.)
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- From Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, Leuven, Belgium (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., P.P., A.S.W., S.J., S.H.); Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., W.V., R.v.L., B.S., M.v.B., S.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (W.H.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (S.A., I.E., Y.P.); Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Leuven Viral Vector Core, Belgium (R.G., C.V.D.H.); and Klinik für Innere Medezin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany (A.N., C.M.)
| | - Stephane Heymans
- From Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, Leuven, Belgium (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., P.P., A.S.W., S.J., S.H.); Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (W.H., A.P., S.D., Pa.C., W.V., R.v.L., B.S., M.v.B., S.H.); Cardiovascular Research Center, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium (W.H.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium (A.Q., G.E., S.S., S.V., Pe.C.); Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam University, The Netherlands (S.A., I.E., Y.P.); Laboratory for Viral Vector Technology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences (R.G., C.V.D.H.), Leuven Viral Vector Core, Belgium (R.G., C.V.D.H.); and Klinik für Innere Medezin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany (A.N., C.M.).
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The anti-ageing molecule sirt1 mediates beneficial effects of cardiac rehabilitation. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2017; 14:7. [PMID: 28331525 PMCID: PMC5353800 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-017-0088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background An exercise-based Cardiac Rehabilitation Programme (CRP) is established as adjuvant therapy in heart failure (HF), nevertheless it is underutilized, especially in the elderly. While the functional and hemodynamic effects of CRP are well known, its underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully clarified. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of a well-structured 4-week CRP in patients with stable HF from a molecular point of view. Results A prospective longitudinal observational study was conducted on patients consecutively admitted to cardiac rehabilitation. In fifty elderly HF patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), levels of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and of its targets, the antioxidants catalase (Cat) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum were measured before (Patients, P) and at the end of the CRP (Rehabilitated Patients, RP), showing a rise of their activities after rehabilitation. Endothelial cells (ECs) were conditioned with serum from P and RP, and oxidative stress was induced using hydrogen peroxide. An increase of Sirt1 and Cat activity was detected in RP-conditioned ECs in both the absence and presence of oxidative stress, together with a decrease of senescence, an effect not observed during Sirt1 and Cat inhibition. Conclusions In addition to the improvement in functional and hemodynamic parameters, a supervised exercise-based CRP increases Sirt1 activity and stimulates a systemic antioxidant defence in elderly HFpEF patients. Moreover, CRP produces antioxidant and anti-senescent effects in human endothelial cells mediated, at least in part, by Sirt1 and its target Cat.
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Short-term caloric restriction in db/db mice improves myocardial function and increases high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 13:28-34. [PMID: 27942464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcme.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and metabolic syndrome lead to the development of metabolic heart disease (MHD) that is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), diastolic dysfunction, and increased mitochondrial ROS. Caloric restriction (CR) is a nutritional intervention that protects against obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Healthy adipose tissue is cardioprotective via releasing adipokines such as adiponectin. We tested the hypothesis that CR can ameliorate MHD and it is associated with improved adipose tissue function as reflected by increased circulating levels of high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in db/db mice. METHODS Genetically obese db/db and lean db/+ male mice were fed either ad libitum or subjected to 30% CR for 5 weeks. At the end of the study period, echocardiography was carried out to assess diastolic function. Blood, heart, and epididymal fat pads were harvested for mitochondrial study, ELISA, and Western blot analyses. RESULTS CR reversed the development of LVH, prevented diastolic dysfunction, and decreased cardiac mitochondrial H2O2 in db/db (vs. ad lib) mice. These beneficial effects on the heart were associated with increased circulating level of HMW adiponectin. Furthermore, CR increased AMPK and eNOS activation in white adipose tissue of db/db mice, but not in the heart. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that even short-term CR protects the heart from MHD. Whether the beneficial effects of CR on the heart could be related to the improved adipose tissue function warrants future investigation.
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Dey S, Sidor A, O'Rourke B. Compartment-specific Control of Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging by Antioxidant Pathway Enzymes. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11185-97. [PMID: 27048652 PMCID: PMC4900267 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.726968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress arises from an imbalance in the production and scavenging rates of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is a key factor in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease and aging. The presence of parallel pathways and multiple intracellular compartments, each having its own ROS sources and antioxidant enzymes, complicates the determination of the most important regulatory nodes of the redox network. Here we quantified ROS dynamics within specific intracellular compartments in the cytosol and mitochondria and determined which scavenging enzymes exert the most control over antioxidant fluxes in H9c2 cardiac myoblasts. We used novel targeted viral gene transfer vectors expressing redox-sensitive GFP fused to sensor domains to measure H2O2 or oxidized glutathione. Using genetic manipulation in heart-derived H9c2 cells, we explored the contribution of specific antioxidant enzymes to ROS scavenging and glutathione redox potential within each intracellular compartment. Our findings reveal that antioxidant flux is strongly dependent on mitochondrial substrate catabolism, with availability of NADPH as a major rate-controlling step. Moreover, ROS scavenging by mitochondria significantly contributes to cytoplasmic ROS handling. The findings provide fundamental information about the control of ROS scavenging by the redox network and suggest novel interventions for circumventing oxidative stress in cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Dey
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Agnieszka Sidor
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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36
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Lei XG, Zhu JH, Cheng WH, Bao Y, Ho YS, Reddi AR, Holmgren A, Arnér ESJ. Paradoxical Roles of Antioxidant Enzymes: Basic Mechanisms and Health Implications. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:307-64. [PMID: 26681794 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00010.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated from aerobic metabolism, as a result of accidental electron leakage as well as regulated enzymatic processes. Because ROS/RNS can induce oxidative injury and act in redox signaling, enzymes metabolizing them will inherently promote either health or disease, depending on the physiological context. It is thus misleading to consider conventionally called antioxidant enzymes to be largely, if not exclusively, health protective. Because such a notion is nonetheless common, we herein attempt to rationalize why this simplistic view should be avoided. First we give an updated summary of physiological phenotypes triggered in mouse models of overexpression or knockout of major antioxidant enzymes. Subsequently, we focus on a series of striking cases that demonstrate "paradoxical" outcomes, i.e., increased fitness upon deletion of antioxidant enzymes or disease triggered by their overexpression. We elaborate mechanisms by which these phenotypes are mediated via chemical, biological, and metabolic interactions of the antioxidant enzymes with their substrates, downstream events, and cellular context. Furthermore, we propose that novel treatments of antioxidant enzyme-related human diseases may be enabled by deliberate targeting of dual roles of the pertaining enzymes. We also discuss the potential of "antioxidant" nutrients and phytochemicals, via regulating the expression or function of antioxidant enzymes, in preventing, treating, or aggravating chronic diseases. We conclude that "paradoxical" roles of antioxidant enzymes in physiology, health, and disease derive from sophisticated molecular mechanisms of redox biology and metabolic homeostasis. Simply viewing antioxidant enzymes as always being beneficial is not only conceptually misleading but also clinically hazardous if such notions underpin medical treatment protocols based on modulation of redox pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gen Lei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jian-Hong Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wen-Hsing Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yongping Bao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ye-Shih Ho
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amit R Reddi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Miller EJ, Calamaras T, Elezaby A, Sverdlov A, Qin F, Luptak I, Wang K, Sun X, Vijay A, Croteau D, Bachschmid M, Cohen RA, Walsh K, Colucci WS. Partial Liver Kinase B1 (LKB1) Deficiency Promotes Diastolic Dysfunction, De Novo Systolic Dysfunction, Apoptosis, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction With Dietary Metabolic Challenge. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 5:e002277. [PMID: 26722122 PMCID: PMC4859355 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial hypertrophy and dysfunction are key features of metabolic heart disease due to dietary excess. Metabolic heart disease manifests primarily as diastolic dysfunction but may progress to systolic dysfunction, although the mechanism is poorly understood. Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is a key activator of AMP-activated protein kinase and possibly other signaling pathways that oppose myocardial hypertrophy and failure. We hypothesized that LKB1 is essential to the heart's ability to withstand the metabolic stress of dietary excess. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice heterozygous for cardiac LKB1 were fed a control diet or a high-fat, high-sucrose diet for 4 months. On the control diet, cardiac LKB1 hearts had normal structure and function. After 4 months of the high-fat, high-sucrose diet, there was left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in wild-type mice. In cardiac LKB1 (versus wild-type) mice, high-fat, high-sucrose feeding caused more hypertrophy (619 versus 553 μm(2), P<0.05), the de novo appearance of systolic dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction; 41% versus 59%, P<0.01) with left ventricular dilation (3.6 versus 3.2 mm, P<0.05), and more severe diastolic dysfunction with progression to a restrictive filling pattern (E/A ratio; 5.5 versus 1.3, P=0.05). Myocardial dysfunction in hearts of cardiac LKB1 mice fed the high-fat, high-sucrose diet was associated with evidence of increased apoptosis and apoptotic signaling via caspase 3 and p53/PUMA (p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis) and more severe mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Partial deficiency of cardiac LKB1 promotes the adverse effects of a high-fat, high-sucrose diet on the myocardium, leading to worsening of diastolic function and the de novo appearance of systolic dysfunction. LKB1 plays a key role in protecting the heart from the consequences of metabolic stress.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Diastole
- Diet, High-Fat
- Dietary Sucrose
- Disease Models, Animal
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Heterozygote
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/genetics
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria, Heart/enzymology
- Mitochondria, Heart/pathology
- Myocardium/enzymology
- Myocardium/pathology
- Phenotype
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/deficiency
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Systole
- Time Factors
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/genetics
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/pathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Miller
- Myocardial Biology UnitBoston Medical Center and Boston University School of MedicineBostonMA
- Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston Medical Center and Boston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Timothy Calamaras
- Myocardial Biology UnitBoston Medical Center and Boston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Aly Elezaby
- Myocardial Biology UnitBoston Medical Center and Boston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Aaron Sverdlov
- Myocardial Biology UnitBoston Medical Center and Boston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Fuzhong Qin
- Myocardial Biology UnitBoston Medical Center and Boston University School of MedicineBostonMA
- Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston Medical Center and Boston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Ivan Luptak
- Myocardial Biology UnitBoston Medical Center and Boston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Ke Wang
- Myocardial Biology UnitBoston Medical Center and Boston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Xinxin Sun
- Myocardial Biology UnitBoston Medical Center and Boston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Andrea Vijay
- Myocardial Biology UnitBoston Medical Center and Boston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Dominique Croteau
- Myocardial Biology UnitBoston Medical Center and Boston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Markus Bachschmid
- Vascular Biology UnitBoston Medical Center and Boston University School of MedicineBostonMA
- Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston Medical Center and Boston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Richard A. Cohen
- Vascular Biology UnitBoston Medical Center and Boston University School of MedicineBostonMA
- Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston Medical Center and Boston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston Medical Center and Boston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Wilson S. Colucci
- Myocardial Biology UnitBoston Medical Center and Boston University School of MedicineBostonMA
- Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston Medical Center and Boston University School of MedicineBostonMA
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38
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Yao C, Behring JB, Shao D, Sverdlov AL, Whelan SA, Elezaby A, Yin X, Siwik DA, Seta F, Costello CE, Cohen RA, Matsui R, Colucci WS, McComb ME, Bachschmid MM. Overexpression of Catalase Diminishes Oxidative Cysteine Modifications of Cardiac Proteins. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144025. [PMID: 26642319 PMCID: PMC4671598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive protein cysteine thiolates are instrumental in redox regulation. Oxidants, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), react with thiolates to form oxidative post-translational modifications, enabling physiological redox signaling. Cardiac disease and aging are associated with oxidative stress which can impair redox signaling by altering essential cysteine thiolates. We previously found that cardiac-specific overexpression of catalase (Cat), an enzyme that detoxifies excess H2O2, protected from oxidative stress and delayed cardiac aging in mice. Using redox proteomics and systems biology, we sought to identify the cysteines that could play a key role in cardiac disease and aging. With a ‘Tandem Mass Tag’ (TMT) labeling strategy and mass spectrometry, we investigated differential reversible cysteine oxidation in the cardiac proteome of wild type and Cat transgenic (Tg) mice. Reversible cysteine oxidation was measured as thiol occupancy, the ratio of total available versus reversibly oxidized cysteine thiols. Catalase overexpression globally decreased thiol occupancy by ≥1.3 fold in 82 proteins, including numerous mitochondrial and contractile proteins. Systems biology analysis assigned the majority of proteins with differentially modified thiols in Cat Tg mice to pathways of aging and cardiac disease, including cellular stress response, proteostasis, and apoptosis. In addition, Cat Tg mice exhibited diminished protein glutathione adducts and decreased H2O2 production from mitochondrial complex I and II, suggesting improved function of cardiac mitochondria. In conclusion, our data suggest that catalase may alleviate cardiac disease and aging by moderating global protein cysteine thiol oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Yao
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jessica B. Behring
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Di Shao
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aaron L. Sverdlov
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Whelan
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aly Elezaby
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyan Yin
- Boston University and National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Deborah A. Siwik
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Francesca Seta
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Catherine E. Costello
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Cohen
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Reiko Matsui
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wilson S. Colucci
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark E. McComb
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MMB); (MEM)
| | - Markus M. Bachschmid
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MMB); (MEM)
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Cardiopulmonary Bypass Decreases Activation of the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) Pathway in Diabetic Human Myocardium. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 100:1636-45; discussion 1645. [PMID: 26228595 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with increased myocardial oxidative stress and apoptosis in diabetic patients. A mechanistic understanding of this relationship could have therapeutic value. To establish a possible mechanism, we compared the activation of the cardioprotective signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway between patients with uncontrolled diabetes (UD) and nondiabetic (ND) patients. METHODS Right atrial tissue and serum were collected before and after CPB from 80 patients, 39 ND and 41 UD (HbA1c ≥ 6.5), undergoing cardiac operations. The samples were evaluated with Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and microarray. RESULTS On Western blot, leptin levels were significantly increased in ND post-CPB (p < 0.05). Compared with ND, the expression of Janus kinase 2 and phosphorylation (p-) of STAT3 was significantly decreased in UD (p < 0.05). The apoptotic proteins p-Bc12/Bc12 and caspase 3 were significantly increased (p < 0.05), antiapoptotic proteins Mcl-1, Bcl-2, and p-Akt were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in UD compared with ND. The microarray data suggested significantly increased expression of interleukin-6 R, proapoptotic p-STAT1, caspase 9, and decreased expression of Bc12 and protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 antiapoptotic genes (p = 0.05) in the UD patients. The oxidative stress marker nuclear factor-κB was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in UD patients post-CPB compared with the pre-CPB value, but was decreased, albeit insignificantly, in ND patients post-CPB. CONCLUSIONS Compared with ND, UD myocardium demonstrated attenuation of the cardioprotective STAT3 pathway. Identification of this mechanism offers a possible target for therapeutic modulation.
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Calamaras TD, Lee C, Lan F, Ido Y, Siwik DA, Colucci WS. The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal causes protein synthesis in cardiac myocytes via activated mTORC1-p70S6K-RPS6 signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 82:137-46. [PMID: 25617592 PMCID: PMC4387097 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are elevated in the heart in response to hemodynamic and metabolic stress and promote hypertrophic signaling. ROS also mediate the formation of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes that may promote myocardial hypertrophy. One lipid peroxidation by-product, 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE), is a reactive aldehyde that covalently modifies proteins thereby altering their function. HNE adducts directly inhibit the activity of LKB1, a serine/threonine kinase involved in regulating cellular growth in part through its interaction with the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), but whether this drives myocardial growth is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that HNE promotes myocardial protein synthesis and if this effect is associated with impaired LKB1-AMPK signaling. In adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes, exposure to HNE (10 μM for 1h) caused HNE-LKB1 adduct formation and inhibited LKB1 activity. HNE inhibited the downstream kinase AMPK, increased hypertrophic mTOR-p70S6K-RPS6 signaling, and stimulated protein synthesis by 27.1 ± 3.5%. HNE also stimulated Erk1/2 signaling, which contributed to RPS6 activation but was not required for HNE-stimulated protein synthesis. HNE-stimulated RPS6 phosphorylation was completely blocked using the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. To evaluate if LKB1 inhibition by itself could promote the hypertrophic signaling changes observed with HNE, LKB1 was depleted in adult rat ventricular myocytes using siRNA. LKB1 knockdown did not replicate the effect of HNE on hypertrophic signaling or affect HNE-stimulated RPS6 phosphorylation. Thus, in adult cardiac myocytes HNE stimulates protein synthesis by activation of mTORC1-p70S6K-RPS6 signaling most likely mediated by direct inhibition of AMPK. Because HNE in the myocardium is commonly increased by stimuli that cause pathologic hypertrophy, these findings suggest that therapies that prevent activation of mTORC1-p70S6K-RPS6 signaling may be of therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Calamaras
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Cardiovascular Medicine, and Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Charlie Lee
- Brigham and Women׳s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fan Lan
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yasuo Ido
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Deborah A Siwik
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Cardiovascular Medicine, and Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Wilson S Colucci
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Cardiovascular Medicine, and Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Effects of β-adrenoceptor subtypes on cardiac function in myocardial infarction rats exposed to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:308295. [PMID: 25187901 PMCID: PMC4145385 DOI: 10.1155/2014/308295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms of heart failure (HF) stems were mainly from longstanding overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Recent studies highlighted the potential benefits of β1-adrenoceptor (β1-AR) blocker combined with β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist in patients with HF. Long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution, such as particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5), has been found associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) which is the most common cause of congestive HF. In this study, we have investigated the effect of combined metoprolol and terbutaline on cardiac function in a rat model of AMI exposed to PM2.5. Our results demonstrated that short-term exposure to PM2.5 contributes to aggravate cardiac function in rats with myocardial infarction. The combined use of β1-AR blocker and β2-AR agonist is superior to β1-AR blocker alone for the treatment of AMI rats exposed to PM2.5. The combination of β1-AR blocker and β2-AR agonist may decrease the mortality of patients with myocardial infarction who have been exposed to PM2.5.
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Aminzadeh MA, Tseliou E, Sun B, Cheng K, Malliaras K, Makkar RR, Marbán E. Therapeutic efficacy of cardiosphere-derived cells in a transgenic mouse model of non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2014; 36:751-62. [PMID: 24866210 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) produce regenerative effects in the post-infarct setting. However, it is unclear whether CDCs are beneficial in non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We tested the effects of CDC transplantation in mice with cardiac-specific Gαq overexpression, which predictably develop progressive cardiac dilation and failure, with accelerated mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type mouse CDCs (10(5) cells) or vehicle only were injected intramyocardially in 6-, 8-, and 11-week-old Gαq mice. Cardiac function deteriorated in vehicle-treated mice over 3 months of follow-up, accompanied by oxidative stress, inflammation and adverse ventricular remodelling. In contrast, CDCs preserved cardiac function and volumes, improved survival, and promoted cardiomyogenesis while blunting Gαq-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the heart. The mechanism of benefit is indirect, as long-term engraftment of transplanted cells is vanishingly low. CONCLUSIONS Cardiosphere-derived cells reverse fundamental abnormalities in cell signalling, prevent adverse remodelling, and improve survival in a mouse model of DCM. The ability to impact favourably on disease progression in non-ischaemic heart failure heralds new potential therapeutic applications of CDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Aminzadeh
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Eleni Tseliou
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Baiming Sun
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ke Cheng
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | | | - Raj R Makkar
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Eduardo Marbán
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Boudina S. Cardiac aging and insulin resistance: could insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling be used as a therapeutic target? Curr Pharm Des 2014; 19:5684-94. [PMID: 23448491 DOI: 10.2174/1381612811319320004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic cardiac aging is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is associated with structural and functional changes that impede cardiac responses to stress and to cardio-protective mechanisms. Although systemic insulin resistance and the associated risk factors exacerbate cardiac aging, cardiac-specific insulin resistance without confounding systemic alterations, could prevent cardiac aging. Thus, strategies aimed to reduce insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling in the heart prevent cardiac aging in lower organisms and in mammals but the mechanisms underlying this protection are not fully understood. In this review, we describe the impact of aging on the cardiovascular system and discuss the mounting evidence that reduced insulin/IGF signaling in the heart could alleviate age-associated alterations and preserve cardiac performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Boudina
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Program in Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, 15 N 2030 E Bldg # 533 Rm. 3410B, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
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Qin F, Siwik DA, Pimentel DR, Morgan RJ, Biolo A, Tu VH, Kang YJ, Cohen RA, Colucci WS. Cytosolic H2O2 mediates hypertrophy, apoptosis, and decreased SERCA activity in mice with chronic hemodynamic overload. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H1453-63. [PMID: 24633550 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00084.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress in the myocardium plays an important role in the pathophysiology of hemodynamic overload. The mechanism by which reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cardiac myocyte mediate myocardial failure in hemodynamic overload is not known. Accordingly, our goals were to test whether myocyte-specific overexpression of peroxisomal catalase (pCAT) that localizes in the sarcoplasm protects mice from hemodynamic overload-induced failure and prevents oxidation and inhibition of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA), an important sarcoplasmic protein. Chronic hemodynamic overload was caused by ascending aortic constriction (AAC) for 12 wk in mice with myocyte-specific transgenic expression of pCAT. AAC caused left ventricular hypertrophy and failure associated with a generalized increase in myocardial oxidative stress and specific oxidative modifications of SERCA at cysteine 674 and tyrosine 294/5. pCAT overexpression ameliorated myocardial hypertrophy and apoptosis, decreased pathological remodeling, and prevented the progression to heart failure. Likewise, pCAT prevented oxidative modifications of SERCA and increased SERCA activity without changing SERCA expression. Thus cardiac myocyte-restricted expression of pCAT effectively ameliorated the structural and functional consequences of chronic hemodynamic overload and increased SERCA activity via a post-translational mechanism, most likely by decreasing inhibitory oxidative modifications. In pressure overload-induced heart failure cardiac myocyte cytosolic ROS play a pivotal role in mediating key pathophysiologic events including hypertrophy, apoptosis, and decreased SERCA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhong Qin
- From the Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, and the Myocardial and Vascular Biology Units, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deborah A Siwik
- From the Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, and the Myocardial and Vascular Biology Units, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David R Pimentel
- From the Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, and the Myocardial and Vascular Biology Units, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert J Morgan
- From the Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, and the Myocardial and Vascular Biology Units, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andreia Biolo
- From the Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, and the Myocardial and Vascular Biology Units, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vivian H Tu
- From the Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, and the Myocardial and Vascular Biology Units, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Y James Kang
- From the Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, and the Myocardial and Vascular Biology Units, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard A Cohen
- From the Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, and the Myocardial and Vascular Biology Units, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wilson S Colucci
- From the Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, and the Myocardial and Vascular Biology Units, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Oliveira RJS, de Oliveira VN, Deconte SR, Calábria LK, da Silva Moraes A, Espindola FS. Phaseolamin treatment prevents oxidative stress and collagen deposition in the hearts of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2014; 11:110-7. [PMID: 24553253 DOI: 10.1177/1479164114521643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes is often associated with an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant systems. This imbalance can contribute to high cardiac collagen content, which increases cross-linking and the stiffness of the myocardium. In this study, the protective effect of phaseolamin against damage under oxidative stress and collagen deposition in the cardiac tissue in association with diabetes was evaluated. Non-diabetic and diabetic animals were distributed into groups and treated for 20 days with commercial phaseolamin. The phaseolamin treatment increased total antioxidant activity but reduced the following in diabetic rats: (a) hyperglycaemic state, (b) catalase and superoxide dismutase activity and (c) tissue damage caused by lipid peroxidation. Additionally, the phaseolamin treatment attenuated the collagen levels compared to non-treated diabetic rats. Thus, the short-term anti-hyperglycaemic effect of the phaseolamin treatment may prevent the initial changes caused by oxidative stress and the deposition of collagen, as well as reduce the incidence of heart complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato J S Oliveira
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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Koch SE, Haworth KJ, Robbins N, Smith MA, Lather N, Anjak A, Jiang M, Varma P, Jones WK, Rubinstein J. Age- and gender-related changes in ventricular performance in wild-type FVB/N mice as evaluated by conventional and vector velocity echocardiography imaging: a retrospective study. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2013; 39:2034-2043. [PMID: 23791351 PMCID: PMC4857602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Detailed studies in animal models to assess the importance of aging animals in cardiovascular research are rather scarce. The increase in mouse models used to study cardiovascular disease makes the establishment of physiologic aging parameters in myocardial function in both male and female mice critical. Forty-four FVB/N mice were studied at multiple time points between the ages of 3 and 16 mo using high-frequency echocardiography. Our study found that there is an age-dependent decrease in several systolic and diastolic function parameters in male mice, but not in female mice. This study establishes the physiologic age- and gender-related changes in myocardial function that occur in mice and can be measured with echocardiography. We report baseline values for traditional echocardiography and advanced echocardiographic techniques to measure discrete changes in cardiac function in the commonly employed FVB/N strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl E. Koch
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kevin J. Haworth
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Nathan Robbins
- Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Margaret A. Smith
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Navneet Lather
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ahmad Anjak
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Min Jiang
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Priyanka Varma
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - W. Keith Jones
- Department of Pharmacology & Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jack Rubinstein
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is conserved from worms to humans and plays a critical role in the normal development and homeostatic control of adult tissues. As a result, numerous diseases from cancer to neurodegeneration are associated with either too little or too much apoptosis. RECENT ADVANCES B cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family members regulate cell death, primarily via their effects on mitochondria. In stressed cells, proapoptotic BCL-2 family members promote mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and cytochrome c (cyt c) release into the cytoplasm, where it stimulates formation of the "apoptosome." This large, multimeric complex is composed of the adapter protein, apoptotic protease-activating factor-1, and the cysteine protease, caspase-9. Recent studies suggest that proteins involved in the processes leading up to (and including) formation of the apoptosome are subject to various forms of post-translational modification, including proteolysis, phosphorylation, and in some cases, direct oxidative modification. CRITICAL ISSUES Despite intense investigation of the intrinsic pathway, significant questions remain regarding how cyt c is released from mitochondria, how the apoptosome is formed and regulated, and how caspase-9 is activated within the complex. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further studies on the biochemistry of MOMP and apoptosome formation are needed to understand the mechanisms that underpin these critical processes, and novel animal models will be necessary in the future to ascertain the importance of the many posttranslational modifications reported for BCL-2 family members and components of the apoptosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Chiao Wu
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Qin F, Siwik DA, Lancel S, Zhang J, Kuster GM, Luptak I, Wang L, Tong X, Kang YJ, Cohen RA, Colucci WS. Hydrogen peroxide-mediated SERCA cysteine 674 oxidation contributes to impaired cardiac myocyte relaxation in senescent mouse heart. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e000184. [PMID: 23963753 PMCID: PMC3828801 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background A hallmark of aging of the cardiac myocyte is impaired sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium uptake and relaxation due to decreased SR calcium ATPase (SERCA) activity. We tested the hypothesis that H2O2‐mediated oxidation of SERCA contributes to impaired myocyte relaxation in aging. Methods and Results Young (5‐month‐old) and senescent (21‐month‐old) FVB wild‐type (WT) or transgenic mice with myocyte‐specific overexpression of catalase were studied. In senescent mice, myocyte‐specific overexpression of catalase (1) prevented oxidative modification of SERCA as evidenced by sulfonation at Cys674, (2) preserved SERCA activity, (3) corrected impaired calcium handling and relaxation in isolated cardiac myocytes, and (4) prevented impaired left ventricular relaxation and diastolic dysfunction. Nitroxyl, which activates SERCA via S‐glutathiolation at Cys674, failed to activate SERCA in freshly isolated ventricular myocytes from senescent mice. Finally, in adult rat ventricular myocytes in primary culture, adenoviral overexpression of SERCA in which Cys674 is mutated to serine partially preserved SERCA activity during exposure to H2O2. Conclusion Oxidative modification of SERCA at Cys674 contributes to decreased SERCA activity and impaired myocyte relaxation in the senescent heart. Strategies to decrease oxidant levels and/or protect target proteins such as SERCA may be of value to preserve diastolic function in the aging heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhong Qin
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, The Myocardial Biology Unit and Vascular Biology Section, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA
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Hobai IA, Buys ES, Morse JC, Edgecomb J, Weiss EH, Armoundas AA, Hou X, Khandelwal AR, Siwik DA, Brouckaert P, Cohen RA, Colucci WS. SERCA Cys674 sulphonylation and inhibition of L-type Ca2+ influx contribute to cardiac dysfunction in endotoxemic mice, independent of cGMP synthesis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H1189-200. [PMID: 23934853 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00392.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to identify the cellular mechanisms responsible for cardiac dysfunction in endotoxemic mice. We aimed to differentiate the roles of cGMP [produced by soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC)] versus oxidative posttranslational modifications of Ca(2+) transporters. C57BL/6 mice [wild-type (WT) mice] were administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 25 μg/g ip) and euthanized 12 h later. Cardiomyocyte sarcomere shortening and Ca(2+) transients (ΔCai) were depressed in LPS-challenged mice versus baseline. The time constant of Ca(2+) decay (τCa) was prolonged, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) load (CaSR) was depressed in LPS-challenged mice (vs. baseline), indicating decreased activity of sarco(endo)plasmic Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA). L-type Ca(2+) channel current (ICa,L) was also decreased after LPS challenge, whereas Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange activity, ryanodine receptors leak flux, or myofilament sensitivity for Ca(2+) were unchanged. All Ca(2+)-handling abnormalities induced by LPS (the decrease in sarcomere shortening, ΔCai, CaSR, ICa,L, and τCa prolongation) were more pronounced in mice deficient in the sGC main isoform (sGCα1(-/-) mice) versus WT mice. LPS did not alter the protein expression of SERCA and phospholamban in either genotype. After LPS, phospholamban phosphorylation at Ser(16) and Thr(17) was unchanged in WT mice and was increased in sGCα1(-/-) mice. LPS caused sulphonylation of SERCA Cys(674) (as measured immunohistochemically and supported by iodoacetamide labeling), which was greater in sGCα1(-/-) versus WT mice. Taken together, these results suggest that cardiac Ca(2+) dysregulation in endotoxemic mice is mediated by a decrease in L-type Ca(2+) channel function and oxidative posttranslational modifications of SERCA Cys(674), with the latter (at least) being opposed by sGC-released cGMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion A Hobai
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Li H, Liu T, Chen W, Jain MR, Vatner DE, Vatner SF, Kudej RK, Yan L. Proteomic mechanisms of cardioprotection during mammalian hibernation in woodchucks, Marmota monax. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:4221-9. [PMID: 23855383 DOI: 10.1021/pr400580f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian hibernation is a unique strategy for winter survival in response to limited food supply and harsh climate, which includes resistance to cardiac arrhythmias. We previously found that hibernating woodchucks (Marmota monax) exhibit natural resistance to Ca2+ overload-related cardiac dysfunction and nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilation, which maintains myocardial blood flow during hibernation. Since the cellular/molecular mechanisms mediating the protection are less clear, the goal of this study was to investigate changes in the heart proteome and reveal related signaling networks that are involved in establishing cardioprotection in woodchucks during hibernation. This was accomplished using isobaric tags for a relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) approach. The most significant changes observed in winter hibernation compared to summer non-hibernation animals were upregulation of the antioxidant catalase and inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response by downregulation of GRP78, mechanisms which could be responsible for the adaptation and protection in hibernating animals. Furthermore, protein networks pertaining to NO signaling, acute phase response, CREB and NFAT transcriptional regulations, protein kinase A and α-adrenergic signaling were also dramatically upregulated during hibernation. These adaptive mechanisms in hibernators may provide new directions to protect myocardium of non-hibernating animals, especially humans, from cardiac dysfunction induced by hypothermic stress and myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States.
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