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Zhang K, Li Y, Ge X, Meng L, Kong J, Meng X. Regulatory T cells protect against diabetic cardiomyopathy in db/db mice. J Diabetes Investig 2024. [PMID: 38943657 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have protected against many cardiovascular diseases. This study was intended to explore the effect of Tregs on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) using a db/db mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight-week-old male db/db mice were randomly divided into four groups: the control group, administered 200 μL phosphate-buffered saline; the small-dose Treg group, administered 105 Tregs; the large-dose Treg group, administered 106 Tregs; and the PC group, administered 100 μg anti-CD25 specific antibody (PC61) and 106 Tregs. After 12 weeks, mice were euthanized. Transthoracic echocardiography was carried out at the beginning and end of the experiment. Relevant basic experiments to evaluate the effects of Tregs on DCM were carried out. RESULTS Echocardiography showed that the impaired diastolic and systolic functions were significantly improved in mice administered large-dose Tregs. Large-dose Tregs significantly ameliorated myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, and decreased hypertrophic gene expression and collagen deposition. The protective effects of Tregs on diabetic hearts were associated with decreased oxidative stress, inflammatory response and apoptosis. In addition, Tregs promoted the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B signaling pathway, whereas they inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation, which might be responsible for the cardioprotective role of Tregs against DCM. CONCLUSIONS Tregs ameliorated myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, improved cardiac dysfunction, and protected against DCM progression in db/db mice. The mechanisms involved a decrease of inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis, which might be mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Hence, Tregs might serve as a promising therapeutic approach for DCM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunyi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Ge
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Linlin Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Xia W, Zhang M, Liu C, Wang S, Xu A, Xia Z, Pang L, Cai Y. Exploring the therapeutic potential of tetrahydrobiopterin for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A path forward. Life Sci 2024; 345:122594. [PMID: 38537900 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
A large number of patients are affected by classical heart failure (HF) symptomatology with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and multiorgan syndrome. Due to high morbidity and mortality rate, hospitalization and mortality remain serious socioeconomic problems, while the lack of effective pharmacological or device treatment means that HFpEF presents a major unmet medical need. Evidence from clinical and basic studies demonstrates that systemic inflammation, increased oxidative stress, and impaired mitochondrial function are the common pathological mechanisms in HFpEF. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), beyond being an endogenous co-factor for catalyzing the conversion of some essential biomolecules, has the capacity to prevent systemic inflammation, enhance antioxidant resistance, and modulate mitochondrial energy production. Therefore, BH4 has emerged in the last decade as a promising agent to prevent or reverse the progression of disorders such as cardiovascular disease. In this review, we cover the clinical progress and limitations of using downstream targets of nitric oxide (NO) through NO donors, soluble guanylate cyclase activators, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in treating cardiovascular diseases, including HFpEF. We discuss the use of BH4 in association with HFpEF, providing new evidence for its potential use as a pharmacological option for treating HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Xia
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Pang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China.
| | - Yin Cai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Research Center for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Chuaiphichai S, Chu SM, Carnicer R, Kelly M, Bendall JK, Simon JN, Douglas G, Crabtree MJ, Casadei B, Channon KM. Endothelial cell-specific roles for tetrahydrobiopterin in myocardial function, cardiac hypertrophy, and response to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H430-H442. [PMID: 36735402 PMCID: PMC9988535 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00562.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a critical regulator of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) function and redox signaling, with reduced BH4 implicated in multiple cardiovascular disease states. In the myocardium, augmentation of BH4 levels can impact on cardiomyocyte function, preventing hypertrophy and heart failure. However, the specific role of endothelial cell BH4 biosynthesis in the coronary circulation and its role in cardiac function and the response to ischemia has yet to be elucidated. Endothelial cell-specific Gch1 knockout mice were generated by crossing Gch1fl/fl with Tie2cre mice, generating Gch1fl/flTie2cre mice and littermate controls. GTP cyclohydrolase protein and BH4 levels were reduced in heart tissues from Gch1fl/flTie2cre mice, localized to endothelial cells, with normal cardiomyocyte BH4. Deficiency in coronary endothelial cell BH4 led to NOS uncoupling, decreased NO bioactivity, and increased superoxide and hydrogen peroxide productions in the hearts of Gch1fl/flTie2cre mice. Under physiological conditions, loss of endothelial cell-specific BH4 led to mild cardiac hypertrophy in Gch1fl/flTie2cre hearts. Endothelial cell BH4 loss was also associated with increased neuronal NOS protein, loss of endothelial NOS protein, and increased phospholamban phosphorylation at serine-17 in cardiomyocytes. Loss of cardiac endothelial cell BH4 led to coronary vascular dysfunction, reduced functional recovery, and increased myocardial infarct size following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Taken together, these studies reveal a specific role for endothelial cell Gch1/BH4 biosynthesis in cardiac function and the response to cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Targeting endothelial cell Gch1 and BH4 biosynthesis may provide a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of cardiac dysfunction and ischemia-reperfusion injury.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate a critical role for endothelial cell Gch1/BH4 biosynthesis in coronary vascular function and cardiac function. Loss of cardiac endothelial cell BH4 leads to coronary vascular dysfunction, reduced functional recovery, and increased myocardial infarct size following ischemia/reperfusion injury. Targeting endothelial cell Gch1 and BH4 biosynthesis may provide a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of cardiac dysfunction, ischemia injury, and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surawee Chuaiphichai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sandy M Chu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Carnicer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Kelly
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jenifer K Bendall
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jillian N Simon
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Gillian Douglas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J Crabtree
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, School of Bioscience and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Casadei
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keith M Channon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Ke D, Zhang Z, Liu J, Chen P, Li J, Sun X, Chu Y, Li L. Ferroptosis, necroptosis and cuproptosis: Novel forms of regulated cell death in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1135723. [PMID: 36970345 PMCID: PMC10036800 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1135723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a common chronic metabolic disease, and its incidence continues to increase year after year. Diabetic patients mainly die from various complications, with the most common being diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, the detection rate of diabetic cardiomyopathy is low in clinical practice, and targeted treatment is lacking. Recently, a large number of studies have confirmed that myocardial cell death in diabetic cardiomyopathy involves pyroptosis, apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, cuproptosis, cellular burial, and other processes. Most importantly, numerous animal studies have shown that the onset and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy can be mitigated by inhibiting these regulatory cell death processes, such as by utilizing inhibitors, chelators, or genetic manipulation. Therefore, we review the role of ferroptosis, necroptosis, and cuproptosis, three novel forms of cell death in diabetic cardiomyopathy, searching for possible targets, and analyzing the corresponding therapeutic approaches to these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ke
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- School of First Clinical Medical College, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jieting Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Peijian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jialing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xinhai Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Chu
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Correspondence: Yanhui Chu Luxin Li
| | - Luxin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Correspondence: Yanhui Chu Luxin Li
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Xia Z, Chen B, Zhou C, Wang Y, Ren J, Yao X, Yang Y, Wan Q, Lian Z. Protective effect of ischaemic postconditioning combined with nicorandil on myocardial ischaemia‒reperfusion injury in diabetic rats. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:518. [PMID: 36460963 PMCID: PMC9719207 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diabetic heart exhibits a high sensitivity to ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Diabetes mellitus (DM) can affect the efficacy of cardioprotective interventions and reduce the therapeutic potential of existing treatment options. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of shifting from monotherapy to combination therapy in diabetic myocardial I/R injury. METHODS 6-8 week rats were randomized into 10 groups: sham, I/R, ischaemia postconditioning (I-Post), nicorandil (Nic), combination therapy (I-Post + Nic), DM sham, DM I/R, DM I-Post, DM Nic and DM I-Post + Nic. The extent of myocardial injury was clarified by measuring CK-MB and NO levels in plasma, ROS content in myocardial tissues, and TTC/Evans Blue staining to assess the area of myocardial infarction. Pathological staining of cardiac tissue sections were performed to clarify the structural changes in myocardial histopathology. Finally, Western blotting was performed to detect the phosphorylation levels of some key proteins in the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in myocardial tissues. RESULTS We confirms that myocardial injury in diabetic I/R rats remained at a high level after treatment with I-Post or nicorandil alone. I-Post combined with nicorandil showed better therapeutic effects in diabetic I/R rats, and the combined treatment further reduced the area of myocardial injury in diabetic I/R rats compared with I-Post or nicorandil treatment alone (P < 0.001), as well as the levels of the myocardial injury markers CK-MB and ROS (P < 0.001); it also significantly increased plasma NO levels. Pathological staining also showed that diabetic rats benefited significantly from the combination therapy. Further mechanistic studies confirmed this finding. The protein phosphorylation levels of PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in the heart tissue of diabetic I/R rats were significantly higher after the combination treatment than after one treatment alone (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION I-Post combined with nicorandil treatment maintains effective cardioprotection against diabetic myocardial I/R injury by activating the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyi Xia
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong China
| | - Bing Chen
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong China
| | - Chi Zhou
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong China
| | - Yitian Wang
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong China
| | - Jinyang Ren
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao, 266071 Shandong China
| | - Xujin Yao
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao, 266071 Shandong China
| | - Yifan Yang
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao, 266071 Shandong China
| | - Qi Wan
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao, 266071 Shandong China
| | - Zhexun Lian
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong China
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Zhang Y, Siu KL, Li Q, Howard-Quijano K, Scovotti J, Mahajan A, Cai H. Diagnostic and predictive values of circulating tetrahydrobiopterin levels as a novel biomarker in patients with thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms. Redox Biol 2022; 56:102444. [PMID: 36116158 PMCID: PMC9486112 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that circulating levels of tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B) function as a robust biomarker for aortic aneurysms in several independent animal models. In the present study, we examined diagnostic and predictive values of circulating H4B levels in human patients of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) for the first time, while clinically applicable biomarkers for aortic aneurysms have never been previously available. Ninety-five patients scheduled for TAA repair surgeries and 53 control subjects were recruited at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Ronald Regan Medical Center, while 44 control subjects and 29 AAA patients were recruited through National Institute of Health (NIH) National Disease Research Interchange (NDRI) program. We had intriguing observations that circulating H4B levels were substantially lower in TAA and AAA patients, linearly correlated with aortic H4B levels (blood: R = 0.8071, p < 0.0001, n = 75; plasma: R = 0.7983, p < 0.0001, n = 75), and associated with incidence of TAA (blood: adjusted OR 0.495; 95% CI 0.379-0.647; p < 0.001; plasma: adjusted OR 0.501; 95% CI 0.385-0.652; p < 0.001) or AAA (blood: adjusted OR 0.329; 95% CI 0.125-0.868; p = 0.025) after adjustment for other factors. Blood or plasma H4B levels below 0.2 pmol/μg serve as an important threshold for prediction of aortic aneurysms independent of age and gender (for TAA risk - blood: adjusted OR 419.67; 95% CI 59.191-2975.540; p < 0.001; plasma: adjusted OR 206.11; 95% CI 40.956-1037.279; p < 0.001). This threshold was also significantly associated with incidence of AAA (p < 0.001 by Chi-square analysis). In addition, we observed previously unrecognized inverse association of Statin use with TAA, and an association of AAA with arrhythmia. Taken together, our data strongly demonstrate for the first time that circulating H4B levels can serve as a first-in-class, sensitive, robust and independent biomarker for clinical diagnosis and prediction of TAA and AAA in human patients, which can be rapidly translated to bedside to fundamentally improve clinical management of the devastating human disease of aortic aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Zhang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Kin Lung Siu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Qiang Li
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Kimberly Howard-Quijano
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
| | - Jennifer Scovotti
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Aman Mahajan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
| | - Hua Cai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.
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Li Y, Gao Y, Li G. Preclinical multi-target strategies for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:967115. [PMID: 36072870 PMCID: PMC9444048 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.967115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite promising breakthroughs in diagnosing and treating acute coronary syndromes, cardiovascular disease’s high global mortality rate remains indisputable. Nearly half of these patients died of ischemic heart disease. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting can rapidly restore interrupted blood flow and become the most effective method for salvaging viable myocardium. However, restoring blood flow could increase the risk of other complications and myocardial cell death attributed to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). How to reduce the damage of blood reperfusion to ischemic myocardium has become an urgent problem to be solved. In preclinical experiments, many treatments have substantial cardioprotective effects against myocardial IRI. However, the transition from these cardioprotective therapies to clinically beneficial therapies for patients with acute myocardial infarction remains elusive. The reasons for the failure of the clinical translation may be multi-faceted, and three points are summarized here: (1) Our understanding of the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of myocardial IRI is far from enough, and the classification of specific therapeutic targets is not rigorous, and not clear enough; (2) Most of the clinical patients have comorbidities, and single cardioprotective strategies including ischemia regulation strategies cannot exert their due cardioprotective effects under conditions of hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and aging; (3) Most preclinical experimental results are based on adult, healthy animal models. However, most clinical patients had comorbidities and received multiple drug treatments before reperfusion therapy. In 2019, COST Action proposed a multi-target drug combination initiative for prospective myocardial IRI; the optimal cardioprotective strategy may be a combination of additive or synergistic multi-target therapy, which we support. By establishing more reasonable preclinical models, screening multi-target drug combinations more in line with clinical practice will benefit the translation of clinical treatment strategies.
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Ge ZD, Boyd RM, Lantz C, Thorp EB, Forbess JM. Cardio-omentopexy requires a cardioprotective innate immune response to promote myocardial angiogenesis in mice. JTCVS OPEN 2022; 10:222-242. [PMID: 36004249 PMCID: PMC9390370 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2022.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objective The pedicled greater omentum, when applied onto stressed hearts using omentopexy, has been shown to be protective in humans and animals. The mechanisms underlying cardioprotection using omentopexy remain elusive. This study examined whether macrophage-mediated angiogenesis accounts for the cardioprotective effect of omentopexy in mice. Methods C57BL/6 mice were subjected to minimally invasive transverse aortic constriction for 6 weeks and subsequent cardio-omentopexy for 8 weeks. Control mice underwent the same surgical procedures without aortic constriction or cardio-omentopexy. Results Transverse aortic constriction led to left ventricular concentric hypertrophy, reduced mitral E/A ratio, increased cardiomyocyte size, and myocardial fibrosis in the mice that underwent sham cardio-omentopexy surgery. The negative effects of transverse aortic constriction were prevented by cardio-omentopexy. Myocardial microvessel density was elevated in the mice that underwent aortic constriction and sham cardio-omentopexy surgery, and cardio-omentopexy further enhanced angiogenesis. Nanostring gene array analysis uncovered the activation of angiogenesis gene networks by cardio-omentopexy. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that cardio-omentopexy triggered the accumulation of cardiac MHCIIloLyve1+TimD4+ (Major histocompatibility complex class IIlow lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1+ T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain conataining 4+) resident macrophages at the omental-cardiac interface. Intriguingly, the depletion of macrophages with clodronate-liposome resulted in the failure of cardio-omentopexy to protect the heart and promote angiogenesis. Conclusions Cardio-omentopexy protects the heart from pressure overload-elicited left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction by promoting myocardial angiogenesis. Cardiac MHCIIloLyve1+TimD4+ resident macrophages play a critical role in the cardioprotective effect and angiogenesis of cardio-omentopexy. Video Abstract
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Key Words
- AXL, AXL receptor tyrosine kinase
- Akt, protein kinase B
- CD45, lymphocyte common antigen
- CD64, cluster of differentiation 64
- COP, cardio-omentopexy
- Calm1, calmodulin 1
- Cdh5, cadherin 5
- Clodro, clodronate-liposomes
- Crk, proto-oncogene c-Crk
- Ctnnb1, catenin β1
- Ctnnd1, catenin delta 1
- Cybb, cytochrome B-245 beta chain
- Cyfip1, cytoplasmic FMR1 interacting protein 1
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- F4/80, F4/80 antigen
- HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- HSP89aa1, heat shock protein 89aa1
- Hippo, hippocampal
- Itpr2, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2
- Kdr, kinase insert domain receptor
- Kras, kirsten rat sarcoma virus
- LV, left ventricle
- Ly6Clo, lymphocyte antigen-6Clow
- Ly6G, lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D
- Lyve1, lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1
- MHCIIlo, major histocompatibility complex class IIlow
- Ncf1, neutrophil cytosolic factor 1
- Nck2, NCK adaptor protein 2
- Nckap1H, NCK-associated protein 1H
- Nos3, nitric oxide synthase 3
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PI3K, phosphoinositide-3-kinase
- Plcg1, phospholipase Cγ1
- Plcg2, 1-phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase γ2
- Prkaca, protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit α
- Prkacb, protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit β
- Prkca, protein kinase Cα
- Ptk2, protein tyrosine kinase 2
- Ptk2b, protein tyrosine kinase 2β
- Rac1, Rac family small GTPase 1
- Rock2, Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2
- Src, proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src
- TAC, transverse aortic constriction
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- TimD4, T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain conataining 4
- VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor A
- Vav1, Vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1
- WGA, wheat germ agglutinin
- angiogenesis
- cardiac hypertrophy
- cardio-omentopexy
- iB4, biotinylated-isolectin B4
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- macrophages
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Dong Ge
- The Heart Center and Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | - Riley M. Boyd
- The Heart Center and Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | - Connor Lantz
- The Heart Center and Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | - Edward B. Thorp
- The Heart Center and Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | - Joseph M. Forbess
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine and The Children's Heart Program, University of Maryland Children's Hospital, Baltimore, Md
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9
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Bosma KJ, Ghosh M, Andrei SR, Zhong L, Dunn JC, Ricciardi VF, Burkett JB, Hatzopoulos AK, Damron DS, Gannon M. Pharmacological modulation of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) EP receptors improves cardiomyocyte function under hyperglycemic conditions. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15212. [PMID: 35403369 PMCID: PMC8995713 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects >30 million Americans and nearly 70% of individuals with T2D will die from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Circulating levels of the inflammatory signaling lipid, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), are elevated in the setting of obesity and T2D and are associated with decreased cardiac function. The EP3 and EP4 PGE2 receptors have opposing actions in several tissues, including the heart: overexpression of EP3 in cardiomyocytes impairs function, while EP4 overexpression improves function. Here we performed complementary studies in vitro with isolated cardiomyocytes and in vivo using db/db mice, a model of T2D, to analyze the effects of EP3 inhibition or EP4 activation on cardiac function. Using echocardiography, we found that 2 weeks of systemic treatment of db/db mice with 20 mg/kg of EP3 antagonist, beginning at 6 weeks of age, improves ejection fraction and fractional shortening (with no effect on heart rate). We further show that either EP3 blockade or EP4 activation enhances contractility and calcium cycling in isolated mouse cardiomyocytes cultured in both normal and high glucose. Thus, peak [Ca2+ ]I transient amplitude was increased, while time to peak [Ca2+ ]I and [Ca2+ ]I decay were decreased. These data suggest that modulation of EP3 and EP4 activity has beneficial effects on cardiomyocyte contractility and overall heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin J. Bosma
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley AuthorityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Monica Ghosh
- Department of Biological SciencesSchool of Biomedical SciencesKent State UniversityKentOhioUSA
| | - Spencer R. Andrei
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley AuthorityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Jennifer C. Dunn
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley AuthorityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | | | - Juliann B. Burkett
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Antonis K. Hatzopoulos
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Derek S. Damron
- Department of Biological SciencesSchool of Biomedical SciencesKent State UniversityKentOhioUSA
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley AuthorityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
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10
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Burton-Freeman B, Freeman M, Zhang X, Sandhu A, Edirisinghe I. Watermelon and L-Citrulline in Cardio-Metabolic Health: Review of the Evidence 2000-2020. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:81. [PMID: 34894302 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) distinctively contains L-citrulline and L-arginine, precursors of nitric oxide (NO), along with polyphenols and carotenoids suggesting a role in cardio-metabolic health. The goal of this paper is to review the preclinical and clinical trial evidence published from 2000 to 2020 to assess watermelon intake and L-citrulline, as a signature compound of watermelon, on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes, and to identify future directions important for establishing dietary guidance and therapeutic recommendations actionable by health care professionals, patients, and the general public. RECENT FINDINGS Watermelon and L-citrulline supplementation reduced blood pressure in human trials. Evidence for benefits in lipids/lipoprotein metabolism is emerging based on human literature and consistently reported in animal models. A role for watermelon intake in body weight control, possibly through satiety mechanisms, warrants further research. Likewise, improved glucose homeostasis in chemically and diet-induced animal models of diabetes is apparent, though limited data are available in humans. Emerging areas include brain and gut health indicated by NO bioavailability in all tissues, and evidence suggesting improvements in gut barrier function and altered microbial composition after watermelon intake that may influence metabolite pools and physiological function. Watermelon fruit contains unique vaso- and metabolically-active compounds. Accumulating evidence supports regular intake for cardio-metabolic health. Future research to determine the amount and frequency of watermelon/citrulline intake for desired outcomes in different populations requires attention to advance preventative and therapeutic strategies for optimal health and disease risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Burton-Freeman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 W 35 Street, Suite 3D6-1, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA.
| | - Morganne Freeman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 W 35 Street, Suite 3D6-1, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Xuhuiqun Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 W 35 Street, Suite 3D6-1, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Amandeep Sandhu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 W 35 Street, Suite 3D6-1, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Indika Edirisinghe
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 W 35 Street, Suite 3D6-1, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
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11
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Lv S, Liu H, Wang H. Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Plays an Important Role by Regulating Autophagy in Diabetic-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136715. [PMID: 34201520 PMCID: PMC8268438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a vital cell mechanism which plays an important role in many physiological processes including clearing long-lived, accumulated and misfolded proteins, removing damaged organelles and regulating growth and aging. Autophagy also participates in a variety of biological functions, such as development, cell differentiation, resistance to pathogens and nutritional hunger. Recently, autophagy has been reported to be involved in diabetes, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a colorless, water-soluble, flammable gas with the typical odor of rotten eggs, which has been known as a highly toxic gas for many years. However, it has been reported recently that H2S, together with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, is an important gas signal transduction molecule. H2S has been reported to play a protective role in many diabetes-related diseases, but the mechanism is not fully clear. Recent studies indicate that H2S plays an important role by regulating autophagy in many diseases including cancer, tissue fibrosis diseases and glycometabolic diseases; however, the related mechanism has not been fully studied. In this review, we summarize recent research on the role of H2S in regulating autophagy in diabetic-related diseases to provide references for future related research.
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12
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Identification and analysis of circulating long non-coding RNAs with high significance in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2571. [PMID: 33510471 PMCID: PMC7843621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) lacks diagnostic biomarkers. Circulating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can serve as valuable diagnostic biomarkers in cardiovascular disease. To seek potential lncRNAs as a diagnostic biomarker for DCM, we investigated the genome-wide expression profiling of circulating lncRNAs and mRNAs in type 2 diabetic db/db mice with and without DCM and performed bioinformatic analyses of the deregulated lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network. Db/db mice had obesity and hyperglycemia with normal cardiac function at 6 weeks of age (diabetes without DCM) but with an impaired cardiac function at 20 weeks of age (DCM) on an isolated Langendorff apparatus. Compared with the age-matched controls, 152 circulating lncRNAs, 127 mRNAs and 3355 lncRNAs, 2580 mRNAs were deregulated in db/db mice without and with DCM, respectively. The lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network analysis showed that five deregulated lncRNAs, XLOC015617, AK035192, Gm10435, TCR-α chain, and MouselincRNA0135, have the maximum connections with differentially expressed mRNAs. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that these five lncRNAs were highly associated with the development and motion of myofilaments, regulation of inflammatory and immune responses, and apoptosis. This finding was validated by the ultrastructural examination of myocardial samples from the db/db mice with DCM using electron microscopy and changes in the expression of myocardial tumor necrosis factor-α and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in db/db mice with DCM. These results indicate that XLOC015617, AK035192, Gm10435, TCR-α chain, and MouselincRNA0135 are crucial circulating lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of DCM. These five circulating lncRNAs may have high potential as a diagnostic biomarker for DCM.
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13
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An S, Wang X, Shi H, Zhang X, Meng H, Li W, Chen D, Ge J. Apelin protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic myocardium via inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress through PI3K and p38-MAPK signaling pathways. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25120-25137. [PMID: 33342766 PMCID: PMC7803490 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Among all diabetes mellitus-associated cardiovascular diseases, morbidity of diabetic myocardium with ischemia reperfusion injury (D-IRI) is increasing year by year. We aimed to discover a therapeutic biomarker and investigate its mechanism in D-IRI. High-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats were operated with IRI or sham. Recombined lentiviral vector encoding Apelin was injected into D-IRI rat via tail vein. Cardiac function, infarct size, cellular death and oxidative stress were major outcome measures. Cardiomyocyte ischemia reperfusion injury was more serious in D-IRI rats than in non-diabetes ischemia reperfusion injury (ND-IRI) rats. The secretion of NTproBNP was increased in D-IRI compared with ND-IRI. Bcl-2 expression was decreased, and Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression was increased in D-IRI rats compared with ND-IRI rats, which were reversed after treatment with Apelin. Apelin-upregulation improved cardiomyocyte ischemia reperfusion injury and decreased NT-proBNP levels in D-IRI rats. Apelin overexpression enhanced PI3K and eNOS levels while reduced those of p38-MAPK and iNOS in D-IRI rats. Apelin overexpression protected against D-IRI through inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress via PI3K and p38MAPK signaling pathways in D-IRI rats. These findings provide critical new insight into understanding of Apelin's cardio-protective effects, which may become a novel therapeutic target for the diabetic IRI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao An
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Province People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Province People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Huairui Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xueqiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Hongxing Hospital, Hami 839000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hua Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Province People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Province People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Dongchang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Province People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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14
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Watanabe T. Neopterin derivatives - a novel therapeutic target rather than biomarker for atherosclerosis and related diseases. VASA 2020; 50:165-173. [PMID: 32924886 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review provides an updated overview of the emerging roles of neopterin derivatives in atherosclerosis. Neopterin, a metabolite of guanosine triphosphate, is produced by interferon-γ-activated macrophages and is expressed at high levels in atheromatous plaques within the human carotid and coronary arteries as well as in the aorta. Plasma concentrations of neopterin are higher in patients with carotid, cerebral, and coronary artery diseases as well as aortic aneurysm. The concentration of neopterin is positively correlated with the severity of coronary artery disease. However, a prospective cohort study showed that neopterin contributes to protection against plaque formation in carotid arteries in patients with atherosclerosis. Moreover, using both in vitro and in vivo experiments, a recent study has shown the atheroprotective effects of neopterin. Neopterin suppresses the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in endothelial cells, and thereby suppresses the adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells. It also suppresses the inflammatory phenotype of monocyte-derived macrophages. In addition, neopterin suppresses oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced foam cell formation in macrophages and the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Neopterin injection into apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice suppresses the development of atherosclerotic lesions. A neopterin derivative tetrahydroneopterin (BH4), also known as a cofactor for nitric oxide (NO) synthases, suppresses atherosclerosis and vascular injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia in Apoe-/- mice. BH4 administration improves endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. These findings suggest that neopterin production may increase to counteract the progression of atherosclerosis, as neopterin contributes to atheroprotection. Otherwise, the increased neopterin levels in atherosclerosis may reflect a compensatory mechanism associated with inducible NO synthase upregulation in macrophages to supply BH4 for high output NO production caused by decreased endothelial NO synthase in atherosclerosis. Therefore, neopterin derivatives are a novel therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ushioda General Hospital/Clinic, Yokohama, Japan
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15
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Kim HK, Ko TH, Song IS, Jeong YJ, Heo HJ, Jeong SH, Kim M, Park NM, Seo DY, Kha PT, Kim SW, Lee SR, Cho SW, Won JC, Youm JB, Ko KS, Rhee BD, Kim N, Cho KI, Shimizu I, Minamino T, Ha NC, Park YS, Nilius B, Han J. BH4 activates CaMKK2 and rescues the cardiomyopathic phenotype in rodent models of diabetes. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:e201900619. [PMID: 32699151 PMCID: PMC7383063 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major cause of mortality/morbidity in diabetes mellitus patients. Although tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) shows therapeutic potential as an endogenous cardiovascular target, its effect on myocardial cells and mitochondria in DCM and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we determined the involvement of BH4 deficiency in DCM and the therapeutic potential of BH4 supplementation in a rodent DCM model. We observed a decreased BH4:total biopterin ratio in heart and mitochondria accompanied by cardiac remodeling, lower cardiac contractility, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Prolonged BH4 supplementation improved cardiac function, corrected morphological abnormalities in cardiac muscle, and increased mitochondrial activity. Proteomics analysis revealed oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) as the BH4-targeted biological pathway in diabetic hearts as well as BH4-mediated rescue of down-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) signaling as a key modulator of OXPHOS and mitochondrial biogenesis. Mechanistically, BH4 bound to calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) and activated downstream AMP-activated protein kinase/cAMP response element binding protein/PGC-1α signaling to rescue mitochondrial and cardiac dysfunction in DCM. These results suggest BH4 as a novel endogenous activator of CaMKK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Kyu Kim
- Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hee Ko
- Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sung Song
- Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Jeong
- Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Heo
- Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hun Jeong
- Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Mi Park
- Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yun Seo
- Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Pham Trong Kha
- Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Kim
- Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ryul Lee
- Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Cho
- Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jong Chul Won
- Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Boum Youm
- Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Ko
- Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Doo Rhee
- Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Kim
- Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Im Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ippei Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nam-Chul Ha
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Shik Park
- School of Biotechnology and Biomedical Science, Inje University, Kimhae, Republic of Korea
| | - Bernd Nilius
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jin Han
- Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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16
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Kim HK, Han J. Tetrahydrobiopterin in energy metabolism and metabolic diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 157:104827. [PMID: 32348841 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an endogenous cofactor for various enzymatic conversions of essential biomolecules including nitric oxide, tyrosine, dopamine, serotonin and phenylalanine. Depending on the physiological functions of these molecules, BH4 plays multiple roles in the cardiovascular, immune, nervous and endocrine systems. A deficiency of BH4 or an imbalance of the redox state of biopterin has been implicated in various cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Therefore, supplementation with BH4 is considered as a therapeutic option for these diseases. In addition to the classical nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent role of BH4, recent studies proposed novel NOS-independent roles of BH4 in health and disease conditions. This article reviews the updated role of BH4 in mitochondrial regulation, energy metabolism and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Kyu Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea; Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Inje Univeristy, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea; Smart Marine Therapeutics Center, Inje Univeristy, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Beck L, Su J, Comerma-Steffensen S, Pinilla E, Carlsson R, Hernanz R, Sheykhzade M, Danielsen CC, Simonsen U. Endothelial Dysfunction and Passive Changes in the Aorta and Coronary Arteries of Diabetic db/db Mice. Front Physiol 2020; 11:667. [PMID: 32655412 PMCID: PMC7324802 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell dysfunction and vessel stiffening are associated with a worsened prognosis in diabetic patients with cardiovascular diseases. The present study hypothesized that sex impacts endothelial dysfunction and structural changes in arteries from diabetic mice. In diabetic (db/db) and normoglycaemic (db/db+) mice, the mechanical properties were investigated in pressurized isolated left anterior descending coronary arteries and aorta segments that were subjected to tensile testing. Functional studies were performed on wire-mounted vascular segments. The male and female db/db mice were hyperglycaemic and had markedly increased body weight. In isolated aorta segments without the contribution of smooth muscle cells, load to rupture, viscoelasticity, and collagen content were decreased suggesting larger distensibility of the arterial wall in both male and female db/db mice. In male db/db aorta segments with smooth muscle cell contribution, lumen diameter was smaller and the passive stretch-tension curve was leftward-shifted, while they were unaltered in female db/db aorta segments versus control db/db+ mice. In contrast to female db/db mice, coronary arteries from male db/db mice had altered stress-strain relationships and increased distensibility. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a dilated left ventricle with unaltered cardiac output, while aortic flow velocity was decreased in male db/db mice. Impairment of acetylcholine relaxation was aggravated in aorta from female db/db compared to control and male db/db mice, while impairment of sodium nitroprusside relaxations was only observed in aorta from male db/db mice. The remodeling in the coronary arteries and aorta suggests an adaptation of the arterial wall to the reduced flow velocity with sex-specific differences in the passive properties of aorta and coronary arteries. The findings of less distensible arteries and more pronounced endothelial dysfunction in female compared to male diabetic mice may have implications for the observed higher incidence of macrovascular complications in diabetic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilliana Beck
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Junjing Su
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Comerma-Steffensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences/Animal Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Central University of Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Estéfano Pinilla
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rune Carlsson
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Raquel Hernanz
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Majid Sheykhzade
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carl Christian Danielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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18
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Shi C, Wang Q, Rao Z, Shi Y, Wei S, Wang H, Lu X, Wang P, Lu L, Zhou H, Cheng F. Diabetes induces hepatocyte pyroptosis by promoting oxidative stress-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation during liver ischaemia and reperfusion injury. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:739. [PMID: 32647664 PMCID: PMC7333130 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-1839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Although diabetes mellitus has been reported to aggravate liver ischaemia and reperfusion (IR) injury, the basic mechanism remains largely unknown. The object of the present study was to determine the role of oxidative stress and hepatocellular pyroptosis in liver IR injury in diabetic mice. Methods Db/db and C57BL/6 mice at 8 weeks of age were subjected to liver IR injury. Liver injury and hepatocyte cell death were analyzed. A NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 protein (NLRP3) inflammasome antagonist (CY09) and a reactive oxygen species (ROS) antagonist (N-Acetyl-L-cysteine, NAC) were used to determine the role of ROS-mediated hepatocellular pyroptosis in diabetic mice post-IR. Results Aggravated liver IR injury was found in db/db mice compared to C57BL/6 control mice, as demonstrated by increased serum alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) levels, liver architecture damage and Suzuki scores. Interestingly, IR induces the pyroptosis of hepatocytes in db/db mice, as evidenced by enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, increased numbers of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL)-positive hepatocytes and increased gene expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 in livers post-IR. The inhibitory effect of CY09, an NLRP3 antagonist, efficiently abrogated the exacerbation effects of diabetes on liver IR injury in db/db mice. Furthermore, increased ROS expression was detected in db/db mice compared to control mice after IR. ROS scavenging by NAC pretreatment markedly inhibited hepatocellular NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in the db/db mice post-IR, indicating that ROS play an essential role in mediating hepatocyte pyroptosis in the setting of diabetes mellitus. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that diabetes induces hepatocyte pyroptosis by promoting oxidative stress-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation during liver IR injury. Strategies targeting ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome activation would be beneficial for preventing liver IR injury in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Shi
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China.,School of Medical, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuqing Rao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Shi
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Wei
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China.,School of Medical, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China.,School of Medical, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Haoming Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
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19
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Gollmer J, Zirlik A, Bugger H. Mitochondrial Mechanisms in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:33-53. [PMID: 32097997 PMCID: PMC7043970 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial medicine is increasingly discussed as a promising therapeutic approach, given that mitochondrial defects are thought to contribute to many prevalent diseases and their complications. In individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM), defects in mitochondrial structure and function occur in many organs throughout the body, contributing both to the pathogenesis of DM and complications of DM. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM) is increasingly recognized as an underlying cause of increased heart failure in DM, and several mitochondrial mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to the development of DbCM. Well established mechanisms include myocardial energy depletion due to impaired adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and mitochondrial uncoupling, and increased mitochondrial oxidative stress. A variety of upstream mechanisms of impaired ATP regeneration and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species have been proposed, and recent studies now also suggest alterations in mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy, impaired mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uptake, decreased cardiac adiponectin action, increased O-GlcNAcylation, and impaired activity of sirtuins to contribute to mitochondrial defects in DbCM, among others. In the current review, we present and discuss the evidence that underlies both established and recently proposed mechanisms that are thought to contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction in DbCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Gollmer
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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20
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Zhang D, Ma M, Liu Y. Protective Effects of Incretin Against Age-Related Diseases. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:793-806. [PMID: 31622202 DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666191010145029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Incretin contains two peptides named glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) and glucose-dependent
insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Drug therapy using incretin has become a new strategy for diabetic
treatments due to its significant effects on improving insulin receptors and promoting insulinotropic
secretion. Considering the fact that diabetes millitus is a key risk factor for almost all age-related diseases,
the extensive protective roles of incretin in chronic diseases have received great attention. Based
on the evidence from animal experiments, where incretin can protect against the pathophysiological
processes of neurodegenerative diseases, clinical trials for the treatments of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
and Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients are currently ongoing. Moreover, the protective effect of incretin
on heart has been observed in cardiac myocytes, smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells of vessels.
Meanwhile, incretin can also inhibit the proliferation of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells, which can
induce atherosclerogenesis. Incretin is also beneficial for diabetic microvascular complications, including
nephropathy, retinopathy and gastric ulcer, as well as the hepatic-related diseases such as NAFLD
and NASH. Besides, the anti-tumor properties of incretin have been proven in diverse cancers including
ovarian cancer, pancreas cancer, prostate cancer and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Chemistry Department, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Mingzhu Ma
- Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yueze Liu
- Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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21
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Genome-wide differential expression profiling of lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with early diabetic cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15345. [PMID: 31653946 PMCID: PMC6814824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is one of the main causes of heart failure and death in patients with diabetes. There are no effective approaches to preventing its development in the clinic. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are increasingly recognized as important molecular players in cardiovascular disease. Herein we investigated the profiling of cardiac lncRNA and mRNA expression in type 2 diabetic db/db mice with and without early diabetic cardiomyopathy. We found that db/db mice developed cardiac hypertrophy with normal cardiac function at 6 weeks of age but with a decreased diastolic function at 20 weeks of age. LncRNA and mRNA transcripts were remarkably different in 20-week-old db/db mouse hearts compared with both nondiabetic and diabetic controls. Overall 1479 lncRNA transcripts and 1109 mRNA transcripts were aberrantly expressed in 6- and 20-week-old db/db hearts compared with nondiabetic controls. The lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network analysis revealed that 5 deregulated lncRNAs having maximum connections with differentially expressed mRNAs were BC038927, G730013B05Rik, 2700054A10Rik, AK089884, and Daw1. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these 5 lncRNAs are closely associated with membrane depolarization, action potential conduction, contraction of cardiac myocytes, and actin filament-based movement of cardiac cells. This study profiles differently expressed lncRNAs in type 2 mice with and without early diabetic cardiomyopathy and identifies BC038927, G730013B05Rik, 2700054A10Rik, AK089884, and Daw1 as the core lncRNA with high significance in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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22
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Goron A, Breuillard C, Cunin V, Bourgoin-Voillard S, Seve M, Moinard C. Modulation of muscle protein synthesis by amino acids: what consequences for the secretome? A preliminary in vitro study. Amino Acids 2019; 51:1681-1688. [PMID: 31654208 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02796-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The modulation by amino acids of muscle secretome is largely unknown. In this study, we investigate the effect of hyperaminoacidemia or specific amino acids (citrulline or leucine) on protein synthesis and secretome in myotubes. All conditions stimulate muscle protein synthesis, and secretome is differently modulated depending of the amino acids considered. In conclusion, the activation of protein synthesis by amino acids induces different modulations of the muscle secretome, proposing a new role of amino acids in the regulation of muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Goron
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, LBFA et BEeSy, INSERM U1055, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, 2280 rue de la Piscine, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Charlotte Breuillard
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, LBFA et BEeSy, INSERM U1055, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, 2280 rue de la Piscine, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Valérie Cunin
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, LBFA et BEeSy, INSERM U1055, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, 2280 rue de la Piscine, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble, France.,CHU Grenoble Alpes, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Bourgoin-Voillard
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, LBFA et BEeSy, INSERM U1055, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, 2280 rue de la Piscine, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble, France.,CHU Grenoble Alpes, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Seve
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, LBFA et BEeSy, INSERM U1055, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, 2280 rue de la Piscine, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble, France.,CHU Grenoble Alpes, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Moinard
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, LBFA et BEeSy, INSERM U1055, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, 2280 rue de la Piscine, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble, France.
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23
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Supplementary Nitric Oxide Donors and Exercise as Potential Means to Improve Vascular Health in People with Type 1 Diabetes: Yes to NO? Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071571. [PMID: 31336832 PMCID: PMC6682901 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with a greater occurrence of cardiovascular pathologies. Vascular dysfunction has been shown at the level of the endothelial layers and failure to maintain a continuous pool of circulating nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in the progression of poor vascular health. Biochemically, NO can be produced via two distinct yet inter-related pathways that involve an upregulation in the enzymatic activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). These pathways can be split into an endogenous oxygen-dependent pathway i.e., the catabolism of the amino acid L-arginine to L-citrulline concurrently yielding NO in the process, and an exogenous oxygen-independent one i.e., the conversion of exogenous inorganic nitrate to nitrite and subsequently NO in a stepwise fashion. Although a body of research has explored the vascular responses to exercise and/or compounds known to stimulate NOS and subsequently NO production, there is little research applying these findings to individuals with T1D, for whom preventative strategies that alleviate or at least temper vascular pathologies are critical foci for long-term risk mitigation. This review addresses the proposed mechanisms responsible for vascular dysfunction, before exploring the potential mechanisms by which exercise, and two supplementary NO donors may provide vascular benefits in T1D.
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24
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Reduced Basal Nitric Oxide Production Induces Precancerous Mammary Lesions via ERBB2 and TGFβ. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6688. [PMID: 31040372 PMCID: PMC6491486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One third of newly diagnosed breast cancers in the US are early-stage lesions. The etiological understanding and treatment of these lesions have become major clinical challenges. Because breast cancer risk factors are often linked to aberrant nitric oxide (NO) production, we hypothesized that abnormal NO levels might contribute to the formation of early-stage breast lesions. We recently reported that the basal level of NO in the normal breast epithelia plays crucial roles in tissue homeostasis, whereas its reduction contributes to the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. Here, we show that the basal level of NO in breast cells plummets during cancer progression due to reduction of the NO synthase cofactor, BH4, under oxidative stress. Importantly, pharmacological deprivation of NO in prepubertal to pubertal animals stiffens the extracellular matrix and induces precancerous lesions in the mammary tissues. These lesions overexpress a fibrogenic cytokine, TGFβ, and an oncogene, ERBB2, accompanied by the occurrence of senescence and stem cell-like phenotype. Consistently, normalization of NO levels in precancerous and cancerous breast cells downmodulates TGFβ and ERBB2 and ameliorates their proliferative phenotype. This study sheds new light on the etiological basis of precancerous breast lesions and their potential prevention by manipulating the basal NO level.
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25
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Ge ZD, Lian Q, Mao X, Xia Z. Current Status and Challenges of NRF2 as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Int Heart J 2019; 60:512-520. [PMID: 30971629 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.18-476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is one of the main causes of heart failure and death in patients with diabetes mellitus. Reactive oxygen species produced excessively in diabetes mellitus cause necrosis, apoptosis, ferroptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis of the myocardium as well as impair the cardiac structure and function. It is increasingly clear that oxidative stress is a principal cause of diabetic cardiomyopathy. The transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2) activates the transcription of more than 200 genes in the human genome. Most of the proteins translated from these genes possess anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-ferroptotic, and anti-fibrotic actions. There is a growing body of evidence indicating that NRF2 and its target genes are crucial in preventing high glucose-induced oxidative damage in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Recently, many natural and synthetic activators of NRF2 are shown to possess promising therapeutic effects on diabetic cardiomyopathy in animal models of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Targeting NRF2 signaling by pharmacological entities is a potential approach to ameliorating diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, the persistent high expression of NRF2 in cancer tissues also protects the growth of cancer cells. This "dark side" of NRF2 increases the challenges of using NRF2 activators to treat diabetic cardiomyopathy. In addition, some NRF2 activators were found to have off-target effects. In this review, we summarize the current status and challenges of NRF2 as a potential therapeutic target for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Dong Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou.,Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Qingquan Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Xiaowen Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou.,Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong
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26
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Atawia RT, Bunch KL, Toque HA, Caldwell RB, Caldwell RW. Mechanisms of obesity-induced metabolic and vascular dysfunctions. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2019; 24:890-934. [PMID: 30844720 PMCID: PMC6689231 DOI: 10.2741/4758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions and its prevalence is climbing. Obesity is characterized by hypertrophied adipocytes with a dysregulated adipokine secretion profile, increased recruitment of inflammatory cells, and impaired metabolic homeostasis that eventually results in the development of systemic insulin resistance, a phenotype of type 2 diabetes. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is an enzyme that converts L-arginine to nitric oxide (NO), which functions to maintain vascular and adipocyte homeostasis. Arginase is a ureohydrolase enzyme that competes with NOS for L-arginine. Arginase activity/expression is upregulated in obesity, which results in diminished bioavailability of NO, impairing both adipocyte and vascular endothelial cell function. Given the emerging role of NO in the regulation of adipocyte physiology and metabolic capacity, this review explores the interplay between arginase and NO, and their effect on the development of metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of obesity-induced metabolic and vascular dysfunction is necessary for the identification of more effective and tailored therapeutic avenues for their prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem T Atawia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University. Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Katharine L Bunch
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University. Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Haroldo A Toque
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,and Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University. Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Ruth B Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University. Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Robert W Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University. Augusta, GA 30904,USA,
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27
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Sepiapterin Improves Vascular Reactivity and Insulin-Stimulated Glucose in Wistar Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7363485. [PMID: 30344886 PMCID: PMC6174728 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7363485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the vasculature, sedentary behavior leads to endothelial abnormalities, resulting in elevated cardiovascular disease risk. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) aberrations characterize endothelial dysfunction; eNOS also regulates mitochondrial function. We hypothesized that sepiapterin (a precursor to eNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)) supplementation would improve endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in sedentary animals via modulation of NOS function and mitochondrial activity. Sedentary male Wistar rats were fed ad libitum for a total of 10 weeks. Sepiapterin was administered in diet during the final 5 weeks. Intraperitoneal insulin and glucose tolerance tests (IP-ITT/IP-GTT) were conducted at baseline and endpoint. Aorta was assessed for vasoreactivity and mitochondrial respiration. Insulin tolerance, determined by IP-ITT, significantly improved in rats treated with sepiapterin (p < 0.05, interaction of time and treatment). Acetylcholine- (ACh-) driven vasodilation was significantly greater in aorta from sepiapterin-treated rats as compared with control (76.4% versus 54.9% of phenylephrine contraction at 20 μM ACh, p < 0.05). Sepiapterin treatment resulted in significantly elevated state 3 (9.00 oxygen pmol/sec∗mg versus 8.17 oxygen pmol/sec∗mg, p < 0.05) and 4 (7.28 oxygen pmol/sec∗mg versus 5.86 oxygen pmol/sec∗mg, p < 0.05) aortic mitochondrial respiration with significantly lower respiratory control ratio (p < 0.05) during octanoylcarnitine-driven respiration. Vasodilation and insulin sensitivity were improved through targeting NOS via sepiapterin supplementation.
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28
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Pant T, Dhanasekaran A, Fang J, Bai X, Bosnjak ZJ, Liang M, Ge ZD. Current status and strategies of long noncoding RNA research for diabetic cardiomyopathy. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:197. [PMID: 30342478 PMCID: PMC6196023 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are endogenous RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides which regulate epigenetically the expression of genes but do not have protein-coding potential. They are emerging as potential key regulators of diabetes mellitus and a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) refers to diabetes mellitus-elicited structural and functional abnormalities of the myocardium, beyond that caused by ischemia or hypertension. The purpose of this review was to summarize current status of lncRNA research for DCM and discuss the challenges and possible strategies of lncRNA research for DCM. A systemic search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Major conference proceedings of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease occurring between January, 2014 to August, 2018 were also searched to identify unpublished studies that may be potentially eligible. The pathogenesis of DCM involves elevated oxidative stress, myocardial inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy due to metabolic disturbances. Thousands of lncRNAs are aberrantly regulated in DCM. Manipulating the expression of specific lncRNAs, such as H19, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1, and myocardial infarction-associated transcript, with genetic approaches regulates potently oxidative stress, myocardial inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy and ameliorates DCM in experimental animals. The detail data regarding the regulation and function of individual lncRNAs in DCM are limited. However, lncRNAs have been considered as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for DCM. Overexpression of protective lncRNAs and knockdown of detrimental lncRNAs in the heart are crucial for defining the role and function of lncRNAs of interest in DCM, however, they are technically challenging due to the length, short life, and location of lncRNAs. Gene delivery vectors can provide exogenous sources of cardioprotective lncRNAs to ameliorate DCM, and CRISPR–Cas9 genome editing technology may be used to knockdown specific lncRNAs in DCM. In summary, current data indicate that LncRNAs are a vital regulator of DCM and act as the promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Pant
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Juan Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Xiaowen Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Zeljko J Bosnjak
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Mingyu Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Zhi-Dong Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA.
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29
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Chong J, Bulluck H, Yap EP, Ho AFW, Boisvert WA, Hausenloy DJ. Remote ischemic conditioning in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction - an update. CONDITIONING MEDICINE 2018; 1:13-22. [PMID: 30338313 PMCID: PMC6191186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the heart failure (HF) that often results are among the leading causes of death and disability in the world. As such, novel strategies are required to protect the heart against the detrimental effects of acute ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), in order to reduce myocardial infarct (MI) size and prevent the onset of HF. The endogenous cardioprotective strategy of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), in which cycles of brief ischemia and reperfusion are applied to a tissue or organ away from the heart, has been reported in experimental studies to reduce MI size in animal models of acute IRI. In the clinical setting, RIC can be induced by simply inflating and deflating a cuff placed on the upper arm or thigh to induce brief cycles of ischemia and reperfusion, a strategy which has been shown to reduce MI size in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). The results of the ongoing CONDI2/ERIC-PPCI trial are eagerly awaited, and will provide definitive answers with regards to the cardioprotective effect and clinical outcome benefits of RIC in STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chong
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heerajnarain Bulluck
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - En Ping Yap
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew FW Ho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - William A. Boisvert
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, USA
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
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Rabender CS, Bruno N, Alam A, Sundaresan G, Zweit J, Mikkelsen RB. Sepiapterin Enhances Tumor Radio- and Chemosensitivities by Promoting Vascular Normalization. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:536-543. [PMID: 29581154 PMCID: PMC11046730 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.245258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) is uncoupled in a wide range of solid tumors and that restoring NOS coupling with the tetrahydrobiopterin precursor sepiapterin (SP) inhibits tumor progression. Endothelial dysfunction characterizes the poorly functional vasculature of solid tumors, and since NO is critical for regulation of endothelial function we asked whether SP, by recoupling NOS, improves tumor vasculature structure and function-enhancing chemotherapeutic delivery and response to radiotherapy. MMTV-neu mice with spontaneous breast tumors were treated with SP by oral gavage and evaluated by multispectral optoacoustic tomographic analysis of tumor HbO2 and by tissue staining for markers of hypoxia, blood perfusion, and markers of endothelial and smooth muscle proteins. Recoupling tumor NOS activity results in vascular normalization observed as reduced tumor hypoxia, improved tumor percentage of HbO2 and perfusion, as well as increased pericyte coverage of tumor blood vessels. The normalized vasculature and improved tumor oxygenation led to a greater than 2-fold increase in radiation-induced apoptosis compared with radiation or SP alone. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of tumor doxorubicin levels showed a greater than 50% increase in doxorubicin uptake and a synergistic effect on tumor cell apoptosis. This study highlights for the first time the importance of NOS uncoupling and endothelial dysfunction in the development of tumor vasculature and presents a new approach for improving the tumoricidal efficacies of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Rabender
- Department of Radiation Oncology (C.S.R., N.B., A.A., R.B.M.) and Center for Molecular Imaging (G.S., J.Z.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ninu Bruno
- Department of Radiation Oncology (C.S.R., N.B., A.A., R.B.M.) and Center for Molecular Imaging (G.S., J.Z.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Asim Alam
- Department of Radiation Oncology (C.S.R., N.B., A.A., R.B.M.) and Center for Molecular Imaging (G.S., J.Z.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Gobalakrishnan Sundaresan
- Department of Radiation Oncology (C.S.R., N.B., A.A., R.B.M.) and Center for Molecular Imaging (G.S., J.Z.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jamal Zweit
- Department of Radiation Oncology (C.S.R., N.B., A.A., R.B.M.) and Center for Molecular Imaging (G.S., J.Z.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ross B Mikkelsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology (C.S.R., N.B., A.A., R.B.M.) and Center for Molecular Imaging (G.S., J.Z.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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31
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Heidorn M, Frodermann T, Böning A, Schreckenberg R, Schlüter KD. Citrulline Improves Early Post-Ischemic Recovery or Rat Hearts In Vitro by Shifting Arginine Metabolism From Polyamine to Nitric Oxide Formation. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2018; 12:1179546818771908. [PMID: 29881319 PMCID: PMC5987901 DOI: 10.1177/1179546818771908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Reperfusion or reopening of occluded vessels is the gold standard to terminate ischemia. However, early functional recovery after reperfusion is often low requiring inotropic intervention. Although catecholamines increase inotropy and chronotropy, they are not the best choice because they increase myocardial oxygen and substrate demand. As nitric oxide (NO) contributes to cardiac function, we tested the hypothesis that addition of citrulline during the onset of reperfusion improves post-ischemic recovery because citrulline can reenter arginine consumption of NO synthases (NOS) but not of arginases. Methods Hearts from adult rats were used in this study, exposed to 45-minute global ischemia and subsequently reperfused for 180 minutes. Citrulline (100 µM) or arginine (100 µM) was added with reperfusion and remained in the perfusion buffer for 180 minutes. Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) was used to antagonize NOS activity. Results Citrulline increased load-free cell shortening of isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes and improved left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) under normoxic conditions, indicating that citrulline can affect heart function. Ischemia/reperfusion caused a constitutive loss of function during 3 hours of reperfusion, whereas citrulline, but not arginine, improved the functional recovery during reperfusion. This effect was attenuated by co-administration of l-NAME. Although citrulline increased the formation of nitrite, l-NAME attenuated this effect indicating again a positive effect of citrulline on NO formation. Citrulline, but not arginine, increased the expression of arginase-1 (protein and mRNA) but l-NAME attenuated this effect again. Collectively, citrulline improved the post-ischemic recovery in an NO-dependent way. Conclusions Citrulline, known to block arginase and to support NO formation, improves the early functional recovery of post-ischemic hearts and may be an alternative to catecholamines to improve early post-ischemic recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Heidorn
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Tim Frodermann
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Andreas Böning
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen and Herz-, Kinderherz- und Gefäßchirurgie, Gießen, Germany
| | - Rolf Schreckenberg
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
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Gopal K, Almutairi M, Al Batran R, Eaton F, Gandhi M, Ussher JR. Cardiac-Specific Deletion of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Impairs Glucose Oxidation Rates and Induces Diastolic Dysfunction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:17. [PMID: 29560354 PMCID: PMC5845646 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) increase the risk for cardiomyopathy, which is the presence of ventricular dysfunction in the absence of underlying coronary artery disease and/or hypertension. As myocardial energy metabolism is altered during obesity/T2D (increased fatty acid oxidation and decreased glucose oxidation), we hypothesized that restricting myocardial glucose oxidation in lean mice devoid of the perturbed metabolic milieu observed in obesity/T2D would produce a cardiomyopathy phenotype, characterized via diastolic dysfunction. We tested our hypothesis via producing mice with a cardiac-specific gene knockout for pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH, gene name Pdha1), the rate-limiting enzyme for glucose oxidation. Cardiac-specific Pdha1 deficient (Pdha1Cardiac-/-) mice were generated via crossing a tamoxifen-inducible Cre expressing mouse under the control of the alpha-myosin heavy chain (αMHC-MerCreMer) promoter with a floxed Pdha1 mouse. Energy metabolism and cardiac function were assessed via isolated working heart perfusions and ultrasound echocardiography, respectively. Tamoxifen administration produced an ~85% reduction in PDH protein expression in Pdha1Cardiac-/- mice versus their control littermates, which resulted in a marked reduction in myocardial glucose oxidation and a corresponding increase in palmitate oxidation. This myocardial metabolism profile did not impair systolic function in Pdha1Cardiac-/- mice, which had comparable left ventricular ejection fractions and fractional shortenings as their αMHC-MerCreMer control littermates, but did produce diastolic dysfunction as seen via the reduced mitral E/A ratio. Therefore, it does appear that forced restriction of glucose oxidation in the hearts of Pdha1Cardiac-/- mice is sufficient to produce a cardiomyopathy-like phenotype, independent of the perturbed metabolic milieu observed in obesity and/or T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Gopal
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB , Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Malak Almutairi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB , Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rami Al Batran
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB , Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Farah Eaton
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB , Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Manoj Gandhi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB , Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John Reyes Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB , Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Faita F, Di Lascio N, Rossi C, Kusmic C, Solini A. Ultrasonographic Characterization of the db/db Mouse: An Animal Model of Metabolic Abnormalities. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:4561309. [PMID: 29707583 PMCID: PMC5863337 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4561309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of an animal model able to reliably mirror organ damage occurring in metabolic diseases is an urgent need. These models, mostly rodents, have not been fully characterized in terms of cardiovascular, renal, and hepatic ultrasound parameters, and only sparse values can be found in literature. Aim of this paper is to provide a detailed, noninvasive description of the heart, vessels, liver, and kidneys of the db/db mouse by ultrasound imaging. Sixteen wild type and thirty-four db/db male mice (11-week-old) were studied. State-of-the-art ultrasound technology was used to acquire images of cardiovascular, renal, and hepatic districts. A set of parameters describing function of the selected organs was evaluated. db/db mice are characterized by systolic and diastolic dysfunction, confirmed by strain analysis. Abdominal aortic and carotid stiffness do not seem to be increased in diabetic rodents; furthermore, they are characterized by a smaller mean diameter for both vessels. Renal microcirculation is significantly compromised, while liver steatosis is only slightly higher in db/db mice than in controls. We offer here for the first time an in vivo detailed ultrasonographic characterization of the db/db mouse, providing a useful tool for a thoughtful choice of the right rodent model for any experimental design.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging
- Aorta, Abdominal/physiopathology
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Carotid Artery, Common/diagnostic imaging
- Carotid Artery, Common/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus/diagnostic imaging
- Diabetes Mellitus/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Heart/diagnostic imaging
- Heart/physiopathology
- Lipids/blood
- Liver/diagnostic imaging
- Liver/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microcirculation
- Perfusion Imaging/methods
- Phenotype
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Renal Artery/diagnostic imaging
- Renal Artery/physiopathology
- Renal Circulation
- Ultrasonography, Doppler, Pulsed
- Vascular Stiffness
- Ventricular Function, Left
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Faita
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicole Di Lascio
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Rossi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Kusmic
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Solini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Failure of Isoflurane Cardiac Preconditioning in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Mice Involves Aberrant Regulation of MicroRNA-21, Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase, and Mitochondrial Complex I. Anesthesiology 2017; 128:117-129. [PMID: 29040168 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000001926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes impairs the cardioprotective effect of volatile anesthetics, yet the mechanisms are still murky. We examined the regulatory effect of isoflurane on microRNA-21, endothelial nitric-oxide synthase, and mitochondrial respiratory complex I in type 2 diabetic mice. METHODS Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury was produced in obese type 2 diabetic (db/db) and C57BL/6 control mice ex vivo in the presence or absence of isoflurane administered before ischemia. Cardiac microRNA-21 was quantified by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptional-polymerase chain reaction. The dimers and monomers of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase were measured by Western blot analysis. Mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide fluorescence was determined in Langendorff-perfused hearts. RESULTS Body weight and fasting blood glucose were greater in db/db than C57BL/6 mice. Isoflurane decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure from 35 ± 8 mmHg in control to 23 ± 9 mmHg (P = 0.019, n = 8 mice/group, mean ± SD) and elevated ±dP/dt 2 h after post-ischemic reperfusion in C57BL/6 mice. These beneficial effects of isoflurane were lost in db/db mice. Isoflurane elevated microRNA-21 and the ratio of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase dimers/monomers and decreased mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels 5 min after ischemia in C57BL/6 but not db/db mice. MicroRNA-21 knockout blocked these favorable effects of isoflurane, whereas endothelial nitric-oxide synthase knockout had no effect on the expression of microRNA-21 but blocked the inhibitory effect of isoflurane preconditioning on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. CONCLUSIONS Failure of isoflurane cardiac preconditioning in obese type 2 diabetic db/db mice is associated with aberrant regulation of microRNA-21, endothelial nitric-oxide synthase, and mitochondrial respiratory complex I.
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Joshi S, Kar S, Kavdia M. Computational analysis of interactions of oxidative stress and tetrahydrobiopterin reveals instability in eNOS coupling. Microvasc Res 2017; 114:114-128. [PMID: 28729163 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In cardiovascular and neurovascular diseases, an increase in oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction has been reported. There is a reduction in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), which is a cofactor for the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), resulting in eNOS uncoupling. Studies of the enhancement of BH4 availability have reported mixed results for improvement in endothelial dysfunction. Our understanding of the complex interactions of eNOS uncoupling, oxidative stress and BH4 availability is not complete and a quantitative understanding of these interactions is required. In the present study, we developed a computational model for eNOS uncoupling that considers the temporal changes in biopterin ratio in the oxidative stress conditions. Using the model, we studied the effects of cellular oxidative stress (Qsupcell) representing the non-eNOS based oxidative stress sources and BH4 synthesis (QBH4) on eNOS NO production and biopterin ratio (BH4/total biopterins (TBP)). Model results showed that oxidative stress levels from 0.01 to 1nM·s-1 did not affect eNOS NO production and eNOS remained in coupled state. When the Qsupcell increased above 1nM·s-1, the eNOS coupling and NO production transitioned to an oscillatory state. Oxidative stress levels dynamically changed the biopterin ratio. When Qsupcell increased from 1 to 100nM·s-1, the endothelial cell NO production, TBP levels and biopterin ratio reduced significantly from 26.5 to 2nM·s-1, 3.75 to 0.002μM and 0.99 to 0.25, respectively. For an increase in BH4 synthesis, the improvement in NO production rate and BH4 levels were dependent on the extent of cellular oxidative stress. However, a 10-fold increase in QBH4 at higher oxidative stresses did not restore the NO-production rate and the biopterin ratio. Our mechanistic analysis reveals that a combination of enhancing tetrahydrobiopterin level with a reduction in cellular oxidative stress may result in significant improvement in endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Saptarshi Kar
- Engineering Computational Biology Group, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mahendra Kavdia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Sheng M, Huang Z, Pan L, Yu M, Yi C, Teng L, He L, Gu C, Xu C, Li J. SOCS2 exacerbates myocardial injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion in diabetic mice and H9c2 cells through inhibiting the JAK-STAT-IGF-1 pathway. Life Sci 2017; 188:101-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Suda M, Shimizu I, Yoshida Y, Hayashi Y, Ikegami R, Katsuumi G, Wakasugi T, Yoshida Y, Okuda S, Soga T, Minamino T. Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 ameliorates cardiac ischemia and systolic dysfunction by up-regulating the FGF-2/EGR-1 pathway. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182422. [PMID: 28771625 PMCID: PMC5542565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors are used worldwide in the management of diabetes, but their role in the prevention or treatment of cardiovascular disorders has yet to be defined. We found that linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, suppressed capillary rarefaction in the hearts of mice with dietary obesity. Metabolomic analysis performed with capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) showed that linagliptin promoted favorable metabolic remodeling in cardiac tissue, which was characterized by high levels of citrulline and creatine. DNA microarray analysis revealed that the cardiac tissue level of early growth response protein 1 (EGR-1), which activates angiogenesis, was significantly reduced in untreated mice with dietary obesity, while this decrease was inhibited by administration of linagliptin. Mature fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) has a putative truncation site for DPP-4 at the NH2-terminal, and LC-MS/MS showed that recombinant DPP-4 protein cleaved the NH2-terminal dipeptides of mature FGF-2. Incubation of cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes with FGF-2 increased Egr1 expression, while it was suppressed by recombinant DPP-4 protein. Furthermore, vascular endothelial growth factor-A had a critical role in mediating FGF-2/EGR-1 signaling. In conclusion, pharmacological inhibition of DPP-4 suppressed capillary rarefaction and contributed to favorable remodeling of cardiac metabolism in mice with dietary obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Suda
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ippei Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- Division of Molecular Aging and Cell Biology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yohko Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- Division of Molecular Aging and Cell Biology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuka Hayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Ikegami
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Goro Katsuumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takayuki Wakasugi
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yoshida
- Department of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shujiro Okuda
- Division of Bioinformatics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- * E-mail:
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38
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High-Intensity Exercise Reduces Cardiac Fibrosis and Hypertrophy but Does Not Restore the Nitroso-Redox Imbalance in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7921363. [PMID: 28698769 PMCID: PMC5494101 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7921363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy refers to the manifestations in the heart as a result of altered glucose homeostasis, reflected as fibrosis, cellular hypertrophy, increased oxidative stress, and apoptosis, leading to ventricular dysfunction. Since physical exercise has been indicated as cardioprotective, we tested the hypothesis that high-intensity exercise training could reverse the cardiac maladaptations produced by diabetes. For this, diabetes was induced in rats by a single dose of alloxan. Diabetic rats were randomly assigned to a sedentary group or submitted to a program of exercise on a treadmill for 4 weeks at 80% of maximal performance. Another group of normoglycemic rats was used as control. Diabetic rat hearts presented cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Chronic exercise reduced both parameters but increased apoptosis. Diabetes increased the myocardial levels of the mRNA and proteins of NADPH oxidases NOX2 and NOX4. These altered levels were not reduced by exercise. Diabetes also increased the level of uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) that was not reversed by exercise. Finally, diabetic rats showed a lower degree of phosphorylated phospholamban and reduced levels of SERCA2 that were not restored by high-intensity exercise. These results suggest that high-intensity chronic exercise was able to reverse remodeling in the diabetic heart but was unable to restore the nitroso-redox imbalance imposed by diabetes.
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39
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Abstract
Perioperative myocardial ischemia and infarction are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality following anesthesia and surgery. The discovery of endogenous cardioprotective mechanisms has led to testing of new methods to protect the human heart. These approaches have included ischemic pre-conditioning, per-conditioning, post-conditioning, and remote conditioning of the myocardium. Pre-conditioning and per-conditioning include brief and repetitive periods of sub-lethal ischemia before and during prolonged ischemia, respectively; and post-conditioning is applied at the onset of reperfusion. Remote ischemic conditioning involves transient, repetitive, non-lethal ischemia and reperfusion in one organ or tissue (remote from the heart) that renders myocardium more resistant to lethal ischemia/reperfusion injury. In healthy, young hearts, many conditioning maneuvers can significantly increase the resistance of the heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury. The large multicenter clinical trials with ischemic remote conditioning have not been proven successful in cardiac surgery thus far. The lack of clinical success is due to underlying risk factors that interfere with remote ischemic conditioning and the use of cardioprotective agents that have activated the endogenous cardioprotective mechanisms prior to remote ischemic conditioning. Future preclinical research using remote ischemic conditioning will need to be conducted using comorbid models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeljko J Bosnjak
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Zhi-Dong Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
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40
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Liu Y, Baumgardt SL, Fang J, Shi Y, Qiao S, Bosnjak ZJ, Vásquez-Vivar J, Xia Z, Warltier DC, Kersten JR, Ge ZD. Transgenic overexpression of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 in cardiomyocytes ameliorates post-infarction cardiac remodeling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3093. [PMID: 28596578 PMCID: PMC5465102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) and its product tetrahydrobiopterin play crucial roles in cardiovascular health and disease, yet the exact regulation and role of GCH1 in adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction are still enigmatic. Here we report that cardiac GCH1 is degraded in remodeled hearts after myocardial infarction, concomitant with increases in the thickness of interventricular septum, interstitial fibrosis, and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and decreases in left ventricular anterior wall thickness, cardiac contractility, tetrahydrobiopterin, the dimers of nitric oxide synthase, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release, and the expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling proteins. Intriguingly, transgenic overexpression of GCH1 in cardiomyocytes reduces the thickness of interventricular septum and interstitial fibrosis and increases anterior wall thickness and cardiac contractility after infarction. Moreover, we show that GCH1 overexpression decreases phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and elevates tetrahydrobiopterin levels, the dimerization and phosphorylation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling proteins in post-infarction remodeled hearts. Our results indicate that the pivotal role of GCH1 overexpression in post-infarction cardiac remodeling is attributable to preservation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling proteins, and identify a new therapeutic target for cardiac remodeling after infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 630 W. 168th Street, New York, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Shelley L Baumgardt
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Juan Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Yang Shi
- Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 750 W. Virginia Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53234, USA
| | - Shigang Qiao
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Zeljko J Bosnjak
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wiscosin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Jeannette Vásquez-Vivar
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - David C Warltier
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Judy R Kersten
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Zhi-Dong Ge
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA.
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Shi Y, Vanhoutte PM. Macro- and microvascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. J Diabetes 2017; 9:434-449. [PMID: 28044409 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells, as well as their major products nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin, play a key role in the regulation of vascular homeostasis. Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction is a critical and initiating factor in the genesis of diabetic vascular complications. The present review focuses on both large blood vessels and the microvasculature. The endothelial dysfunction in diabetic macrovascular complications is characterized by reduced NO bioavailability, poorly compensated for by increased production of prostacyclin and/or endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations, and increased production or action of endothelium-derived vasoconstrictors. The endothelial dysfunction of microvascular complications is primarily characterized by decreased release of NO, enhanced oxidative stress, increased production of inflammatory factors, abnormal angiogenesis, and impaired endothelial repair. In addition, non-coding RNAs (microRNAs) have emerged as participating in numerous cellular processes. Thus, this reviews pays special attention to microRNAs and their modulatory role in diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction. Some therapeutic strategies for preventing and restoring diabetic endothelial dysfunction are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shi
- Biomedical Research Centre, Shanghai Key Laboratory of organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
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McCarty MF. Supplementation with Phycocyanobilin, Citrulline, Taurine, and Supranutritional Doses of Folic Acid and Biotin-Potential for Preventing or Slowing the Progression of Diabetic Complications. Healthcare (Basel) 2017; 5:E15. [PMID: 28335416 PMCID: PMC5371921 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare5010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, the resulting uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and loss of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity, are key mediators of the vascular and microvascular complications of diabetes. Much of this oxidative stress arises from up-regulated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity. Phycocyanobilin (PhyCB), the light-harvesting chromophore in edible cyanobacteria such as spirulina, is a biliverdin derivative that shares the ability of free bilirubin to inhibit certain isoforms of NADPH oxidase. Epidemiological studies reveal that diabetics with relatively elevated serum bilirubin are less likely to develop coronary disease or microvascular complications; this may reflect the ability of bilirubin to ward off these complications via inhibition of NADPH oxidase. Oral PhyCB may likewise have potential in this regard, and has been shown to protect diabetic mice from glomerulosclerosis. With respect to oxidant-mediated uncoupling of eNOS, high-dose folate can help to reverse this by modulating the oxidation status of the eNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Oxidation of BH4 yields dihydrobiopterin (BH2), which competes with BH4 for binding to eNOS and promotes its uncoupling. The reduced intracellular metabolites of folate have versatile oxidant-scavenging activity that can prevent oxidation of BH4; concurrently, these metabolites promote induction of dihydrofolate reductase, which functions to reconvert BH2 to BH4, and hence alleviate the uncoupling of eNOS. The arginine metabolite asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), typically elevated in diabetics, also uncouples eNOS by competitively inhibiting binding of arginine to eNOS; this effect is exacerbated by the increased expression of arginase that accompanies diabetes. These effects can be countered via supplementation with citrulline, which efficiently enhances tissue levels of arginine. With respect to the loss of NO bioactivity that contributes to diabetic complications, high dose biotin has the potential to "pinch hit" for diminished NO by direct activation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). High-dose biotin also may aid glycemic control via modulatory effects on enzyme induction in hepatocytes and pancreatic beta cells. Taurine, which suppresses diabetic complications in rodents, has the potential to reverse the inactivating impact of oxidative stress on sGC by boosting synthesis of hydrogen sulfide. Hence, it is proposed that concurrent administration of PhyCB, citrulline, taurine, and supranutritional doses of folate and biotin may have considerable potential for prevention and control of diabetic complications. Such a regimen could also be complemented with antioxidants such as lipoic acid, N-acetylcysteine, and melatonin-that boost cellular expression of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione-as well as astaxanthin, zinc, and glycine. The development of appropriate functional foods might make it feasible for patients to use complex nutraceutical regimens of the sort suggested here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Catalytic Longevity, 7831 Rush Rose Dr., Apt. 316, Carlsbad, CA 92009, USA.
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Su W, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Xu J, Zhan L, Zhu Q, Lian Q, Liu H, Xia ZY, Xia Z, Lei S. N-acetylcysteine attenuates myocardial dysfunction and postischemic injury by restoring caveolin-3/eNOS signaling in diabetic rats. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:146. [PMID: 27733157 PMCID: PMC5062884 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with diabetes are prone to develop cardiac hypertrophy and more susceptible to myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury, which are concomitant with hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and impaired endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS)/NO signaling. Caveolae are critical in the transduction of eNOS/NO signaling in cardiovascular system. Caveolin (Cav)-3, the cardiomyocytes-specific caveolae structural protein, is decreased in the diabetic heart in which production of reactive oxygen species are increased. We hypothesized that treatment with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could enhance cardiac Cav-3 expression and attenuate caveolae dysfunction and the accompanying eNOS/NO signaling abnormalities in diabetes. Methods Control or streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were either untreated or treated with NAC (1.5 g/kg/day, NAC) by oral gavage for 4 weeks. Rats in subgroup were randomly assigned to receive 30 min of left anterior descending artery ligation followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Isolated rat cardiomyocytes or H9C2 cells were exposed to low glucose (LG, 5.5 mmol/L) or high glucose (HG, 25 mmol/L) for 36 h before being subjected to 4 h of hypoxia followed by 4 h of reoxygenation (H/R). Results NAC treatment ameliorated myocardial dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy, and attenuated myocardial I/R injury and post-ischemic cardiac dysfunction in diabetic rats. NAC attenuated the reductions of NO, Cav-3 and phosphorylated eNOS and mitigated the augmentation of O2−, nitrotyrosine and 15-F2t-isoprostane in diabetic myocardium. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated the colocalization of Cav-3 and eNOS in isolated cardiomyocytes. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that diabetic conditions decreased the association of Cav-3 and eNOS in isolated cardiomyocytes, which was enhanced by treatment with NAC. Disruption of caveolae by methyl-β-cyclodextrin or Cav-3 siRNA transfection reduced eNOS phosphorylation. NAC treatment attenuated the reductions of Cav-3 expression and eNOS phosphorylation in HG-treated cardiomyocytes or H9C2 cells. NAC treatment attenuated HG and H/R induced cell injury, which was abolished during concomitant treatment with Cav-3 siRNA or eNOS siRNA. Conclusions Hyperglycemia-induced inhibition of eNOS activity might be consequences of caveolae dysfunction and reduced Cav-3 expression. Antioxidant NAC attenuated myocardial dysfunction and myocardial I/R injury by improving Cav-3/eNOS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wating Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiongxia Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinjin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liying Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiqi Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingquan Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Shaoqing Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Wu HE, Baumgardt SL, Fang J, Paterson M, Liu Y, Du J, Shi Y, Qiao S, Bosnjak ZJ, Warltier DC, Kersten JR, Ge ZD. Cardiomyocyte GTP Cyclohydrolase 1 Protects the Heart Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27925. [PMID: 27295516 PMCID: PMC4904741 DOI: 10.1038/srep27925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy increases the risk of heart failure and death. At present, there are no effective approaches to preventing its development in the clinic. Here we report that reduction of cardiac GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) degradation by genetic and pharmacological approaches protects the heart against diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetic cardiomyopathy was induced in C57BL/6 wild-type mice and transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of GCH1 with streptozotocin, and control animals were given citrate buffer. We found that diabetes-induced degradation of cardiac GCH1 proteins contributed to adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in C57BL/6 mice, concomitant with decreases in tetrahydrobiopterin, dimeric and phosphorylated neuronal nitric oxide synthase, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) handling proteins, intracellular [Ca(2+)]i, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) content and increases in phosphorylated p-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and superoxide production. Interestingly, GCH-1 overexpression abrogated these detrimental effects of diabetes. Furthermore, we found that MG 132, an inhibitor for 26S proteasome, preserved cardiac GCH1 proteins and ameliorated cardiac remodeling and dysfunction during diabetes. This study deepens our understanding of impaired cardiac function in diabetes, identifies GCH1 as a modulator of cardiac remodeling and function, and reveals a new therapeutic target for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-En Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MA 21224, USA
| | - Shelley L. Baumgardt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Juan Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Mark Paterson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 630 W. 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jianhai Du
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, 1705 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yang Shi
- Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 750 W. Virginia Street, Milwaukee, WI 53234, USA
| | - Shigang Qiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Zeljko J. Bosnjak
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - David C. Warltier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Judy R. Kersten
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Zhi-Dong Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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