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Lim S, Mangala MM, Holliday M, Cserne Szappanos H, Barratt-Ross S, Li S, Thorpe J, Liang W, Ranpura GN, Vandenberg JI, Semsarian C, Hill AP, Hool LC. Reduced connexin-43 expression, slow conduction and repolarisation dispersion in a model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050407. [PMID: 39189070 PMCID: PMC11381919 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited heart muscle disease that is characterised by left ventricular wall thickening, cardiomyocyte disarray and fibrosis, and is associated with arrhythmias, heart failure and sudden death. However, it is unclear to what extent the electrophysiological disturbances that lead to sudden death occur secondary to structural changes in the myocardium or as a result of HCM cardiomyocyte electrophysiology. In this study, we used an induced pluripotent stem cell model of the R403Q variant in myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) to study the electrophysiology of HCM cardiomyocytes in electrically coupled syncytia, revealing significant conduction slowing and increased spatial dispersion of repolarisation - both well-established substrates for arrhythmia. Analysis of rhythmonome protein expression in MYH7 R403Q cardiomyocytes showed reduced expression of connexin-43 (also known as GJA1), sodium channels and inward rectifier potassium channels - a three-way hit that reduces electrotonic coupling and slows cardiac conduction. Our data represent a previously unreported, biophysical basis for arrhythmia in HCM that is intrinsic to cardiomyocyte electrophysiology. Later in the progression of the disease, these proarrhythmic phenotypes may be accentuated by myocyte disarray and fibrosis to contribute to sudden death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seakcheng Lim
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
| | - Melissa M Mangala
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Mira Holliday
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
| | | | - Samantha Barratt-Ross
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
| | - Serena Li
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
| | - Jordan Thorpe
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Whitney Liang
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Ginell N Ranpura
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
| | - Jamie I Vandenberg
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Semsarian
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney 2050, Australia
| | | | - Livia C Hool
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, 2010, Australia
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
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2
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Mikšiūnas R, Labeit S, Bironaite D. Class I and II Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors as Therapeutic Modulators of Dilated Cardiac Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6758. [PMID: 38928463 PMCID: PMC11203858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is increasing globally, highlighting the need for innovative therapeutic approaches to prevent its onset. In this study, we examined the energetic and epigenetic distinctions between dilated and non-dilated human myocardium-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hmMSCs) and assessed the effects of class I and II HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) on these cells and their cardiomyogenic differentiation. Cells were isolated from myocardium biopsies using explant outgrowth methods. Mitochondrial and histone deacetylase activities, ATP levels, cardiac transcription factors, and structural proteins were assessed using flow cytometry, PCR, chemiluminescence, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The data suggest that the tested HDAC inhibitors improved acetylation and enhanced the energetic status of both types of cells, with significant effects observed in dilated myocardium-derived hmMSCs. Additionally, the HDAC inhibitors activated the cardiac transcription factors Nkx2-5, HOPX, GATA4, and Mef2C, and upregulated structural proteins such as cardiac troponin T and alpha cardiac actin at both the protein and gene levels. In conclusion, our findings suggest that HDACi may serve as potential modulators of the energetic status and cardiomyogenic differentiation of human heart hmMSCs. This avenue of exploration could broaden the search for novel therapeutic interventions for dilated cardiomyopathy, ultimately leading to improvements in heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokas Mikšiūnas
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | | | - Daiva Bironaite
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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3
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Schwach V, Slaats RH, Cofiño-Fabres C, ten Den SA, Rivera-Arbeláez JM, Dannenberg M, van Boheemen C, Ribeiro MC, van der Zanden SY, Nollet EE, van der Velden J, Neefjes J, Cao L, Passier R. A safety screening platform for individualized cardiotoxicity assessment. iScience 2024; 27:109139. [PMID: 38384853 PMCID: PMC10879698 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity remains a major cause of drug withdrawal, partially due to lacking predictability of animal models. Additionally, risk of cardiotoxicity following treatment of cancer patients is treatment limiting. It is unclear which patients will develop heart failure following therapy. Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes present an unlimited cell source and may offer individualized solutions to this problem. We developed a platform to predict molecular and functional aspects of cardiotoxicity. Our platform can discriminate between the different cardiotoxic mechanisms of existing and novel anthracyclines Doxorubicin, Aclarubicin, and Amrubicin. Doxorubicin and Aclarubicin unlike Amrubicin substantially affected the transcriptome, mitochondrial membrane integrity, contractile force and transcription factor availability. Cardiomyocytes recovered fully within two or three weeks, corresponding to the intermittent clinical treatment regimen. Our system permits the study of hPSC-cardiomyocyte recovery and the effects of accumulated dose after multiple dosing, allowing individualized cardiotoxicity evaluation, which effects millions of cancer patients treated annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Schwach
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Rolf H. Slaats
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Carla Cofiño-Fabres
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Simone A. ten Den
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - José M. Rivera-Arbeláez
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Maureen Dannenberg
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Chiara van Boheemen
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sabina Y. van der Zanden
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, ONCODE Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Edgar E. Nollet
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, ONCODE Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lu Cao
- Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science (LIACS), Universiteit Leiden, Niels Bohrweg 1, 2333 CA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
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4
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Damen FW, Gramling DP, Ahlf Wheatcraft D, Wilpan RY, Costa MW, Goergen CJ. Application of 4-D ultrasound-derived regional strain and proteomics analysis in Nkx2-5-deficient male mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H293-H310. [PMID: 37326999 PMCID: PMC10393333 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00733.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The comprehensive characterization of cardiac structure and function is critical to better understanding various murine models of cardiac disease. We demonstrate here a multimodal analysis approach using high-frequency four-dimensional ultrasound (4DUS) imaging and proteomics to explore the relationship between regional function and tissue composition in a murine model of metabolic cardiomyopathy (Nkx2-5183P/+). The presented 4DUS analysis outlines a novel approach to mapping both circumferential and longitudinal strain profiles through a standardized framework. We then demonstrate how this approach allows for spatiotemporal comparisons of cardiac function and improved localization of regional left ventricular dysfunction. Guided by observed trends in regional dysfunction, our targeted Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) results highlight metabolic dysregulation in the Nkx2-5183P/+ model, including altered mitochondrial function and energy metabolism (i.e., oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid/lipid handling). Finally, we present a combined 4DUS-proteomics z-score-based analysis that highlights IPA canonical pathways showing strong linear relationships with 4DUS biomarkers of regional cardiac dysfunction. The presented multimodal analysis methods aim to help future studies more comprehensively assess regional structure-function relationships in other preclinical models of cardiomyopathy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A multimodal approach using both four-dimensional ultrasound (4DUS) and regional proteomics can help enhance our investigations of murine cardiomyopathy models. We present unique 4DUS-derived strain maps that provide a framework for both cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of spatiotemporal cardiac function. We further detail and demonstrate an innovative 4DUS-proteomics z-score-based linear regression method, aimed at characterizing relationships between regional cardiac dysfunction and underlying mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick W Damen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Daniel P Gramling
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | | | | | - Mauro W Costa
- Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Craig J Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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5
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Renard E, Walton RD, Benoist D, Brette F, Bru-Mercier G, Chaigne S, Charron S, Constantin M, Douard M, Dubes V, Guillot B, Hof T, Magat J, Martinez ME, Michel C, Pallares-Lupon N, Pasdois P, Récalde A, Vaillant F, Sacher F, Labrousse L, Rogier J, Kyndt F, Baudic M, Schott JJ, Barc J, Probst V, Sarlandie M, Marionneau C, Ashton JL, Hocini M, Haïssaguerre M, Bernus O. Functional Epicardial Conduction Disturbances Due to a SCN5A Variant Associated With Brugada Syndrome. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 9:1248-1261. [PMID: 37227351 PMCID: PMC10406612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brugada syndrome is a significant cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD), but the underlying mechanisms remain hypothetical. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to elucidate this knowledge gap through detailed ex vivo human heart studies. METHODS A heart was obtained from a 15-year-old adolescent boy with normal electrocardiogram who experienced SCD. Postmortem genotyping was performed, and clinical examinations were done on first-degree relatives. The right ventricle was optically mapped, followed by high-field magnetic resonance imaging and histology. Connexin-43 and NaV1.5 were localized by immunofluorescence, and RNA and protein expression levels were studied. HEK-293 cell surface biotinylation assays were performed to examine NaV1.5 trafficking. RESULTS A Brugada-related SCD diagnosis was established for the donor because of a SCN5A Brugada-related variant (p.D356N) inherited from his mother, together with a concomitant NKX2.5 variant of unknown significance. Optical mapping demonstrated a localized epicardial region of impaired conduction near the outflow tract, in the absence of repolarization alterations and microstructural defects, leading to conduction blocks and figure-of-8 patterns. NaV1.5 and connexin-43 localizations were normal in this region, consistent with the finding that the p.D356N variant does not affect the trafficking, nor the expression of NaV1.5. Trends of decreased NaV1.5, connexin-43, and desmoglein-2 protein levels were noted; however, the RT-qPCR results suggested that the NKX2-5 variant was unlikely to be involved. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that SCD associated with a Brugada-SCN5A variant can be caused by localized functionally, not structurally, impaired conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Renard
- IHU LIRYC, L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Richard D Walton
- IHU LIRYC, L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - David Benoist
- IHU LIRYC, L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabien Brette
- IHU LIRYC, L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gilles Bru-Mercier
- IHU LIRYC, L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sébastien Chaigne
- IHU LIRYC, L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sabine Charron
- IHU LIRYC, L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marion Constantin
- IHU LIRYC, L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Matthieu Douard
- IHU LIRYC, L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Virginie Dubes
- IHU LIRYC, L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bastien Guillot
- IHU LIRYC, L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Hof
- IHU LIRYC, L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Magat
- IHU LIRYC, L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marine E Martinez
- IHU LIRYC, L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cindy Michel
- IHU LIRYC, L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Néstor Pallares-Lupon
- IHU LIRYC, L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Pasdois
- IHU LIRYC, L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alice Récalde
- IHU LIRYC, L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fanny Vaillant
- IHU LIRYC, L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frédéric Sacher
- IHU LIRYC, L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Département d'électrophysiologie et de stimulation cardiaques, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, Pessac, France
| | - Louis Labrousse
- IHU LIRYC, L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Département de chirurgie cardiovasculaire, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, Pessac, France
| | - Julien Rogier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Coordination des prélèvements d'organes et de tissus, Bordeaux, France
| | - Florence Kyndt
- Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Service de génétique médicale, Nantes, France
| | - Manon Baudic
- L'Institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Schott
- Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Julien Barc
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Vincent Probst
- Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Marine Sarlandie
- L'Institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Céline Marionneau
- L'Institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jesse L Ashton
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mélèze Hocini
- IHU LIRYC, L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Département d'électrophysiologie et de stimulation cardiaques, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, Pessac, France
| | - Michel Haïssaguerre
- IHU LIRYC, L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Département d'électrophysiologie et de stimulation cardiaques, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, Pessac, France
| | - Olivier Bernus
- IHU LIRYC, L'Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux U1045, Bordeaux, France
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6
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Choquet C, Sicard P, Vahdat J, Nguyen THM, Kober F, Varlet I, Bernard M, Richard S, Kelly RG, Lalevée N, Miquerol L. Nkx2-5 Loss of Function in the His-Purkinje System Hampers Its Maturation and Leads to Mechanical Dysfunction. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10050194. [PMID: 37233161 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10050194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ventricular conduction or His-Purkinje system (VCS) mediates the rapid propagation and precise delivery of electrical activity essential for the synchronization of heartbeats. Mutations in the transcription factor Nkx2-5 have been implicated in a high prevalence of developing ventricular conduction defects or arrhythmias with age. Nkx2-5 heterozygous mutant mice reproduce human phenotypes associated with a hypoplastic His-Purkinje system resulting from defective patterning of the Purkinje fiber network during development. Here, we investigated the role of Nkx2-5 in the mature VCS and the consequences of its loss on cardiac function. Neonatal deletion of Nkx2-5 in the VCS using a Cx40-CreERT2 mouse line provoked apical hypoplasia and maturation defects of the Purkinje fiber network. Genetic tracing analysis demonstrated that neonatal Cx40-positive cells fail to maintain a conductive phenotype after Nkx2-5 deletion. Moreover, we observed a progressive loss of expression of fast-conduction markers in persistent Purkinje fibers. Consequently, Nkx2-5-deleted mice developed conduction defects with progressively reduced QRS amplitude and RSR' complex associated with higher duration. Cardiac function recorded by MRI revealed a reduction in the ejection fraction in the absence of morphological changes. With age, these mice develop a ventricular diastolic dysfunction associated with dyssynchrony and wall-motion abnormalities without indication of fibrosis. These results highlight the requirement of postnatal expression of Nkx2-5 in the maturation and maintenance of a functional Purkinje fiber network to preserve contraction synchrony and cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Choquet
- CNRS, IBDM, UMR7288, Aix-Marseille Université, 13009 Marseille, France
- INSERM, MMG, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Sicard
- INSERM, CNRS, PHYMEDEXP, University de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Juliette Vahdat
- CNRS, IBDM, UMR7288, Aix-Marseille Université, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Thi Hong Minh Nguyen
- CNRS, IBDM, UMR7288, Aix-Marseille Université, 13009 Marseille, France
- INSERM, TAGC, UMR1090, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Frank Kober
- CNRS, CRMBM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Varlet
- CNRS, CRMBM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Monique Bernard
- CNRS, CRMBM, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Sylvain Richard
- INSERM, CNRS, PHYMEDEXP, University de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Robert G Kelly
- CNRS, IBDM, UMR7288, Aix-Marseille Université, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Lalevée
- INSERM, TAGC, UMR1090, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France
- INSERM, C2VN, UMR1263, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Lucile Miquerol
- CNRS, IBDM, UMR7288, Aix-Marseille Université, 13009 Marseille, France
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7
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Deciphering Transcriptional Networks during Human Cardiac Development. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233915. [PMID: 36497174 PMCID: PMC9739390 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human heart development is governed by transcription factor (TF) networks controlling dynamic and temporal gene expression alterations. Therefore, to comprehensively characterize these transcriptional regulations, day-to-day transcriptomic profiles were generated throughout the directed cardiac differentiation, starting from three distinct human- induced pluripotent stem cell lines from healthy donors (32 days). We applied an expression-based correlation score to the chronological expression profiles of the TF genes, and clustered them into 12 sequential gene expression waves. We then identified a regulatory network of more than 23,000 activation and inhibition links between 216 TFs. Within this network, we observed previously unknown inferred transcriptional activations linking IRX3 and IRX5 TFs to three master cardiac TFs: GATA4, NKX2-5 and TBX5. Luciferase and co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that these five TFs could (1) activate each other's expression; (2) interact physically as multiprotein complexes; and (3) together, finely regulate the expression of SCN5A, encoding the major cardiac sodium channel. Altogether, these results unveiled thousands of interactions between TFs, generating multiple robust hypotheses governing human cardiac development.
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8
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Crespo-García T, Cámara-Checa A, Dago M, Rubio-Alarcón M, Rapún J, Tamargo J, Delpón E, Caballero R. Regulation of cardiac ion channels by transcription factors: Looking for new opportunities of druggable targets for the treatment of arrhythmias. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115206. [PMID: 35963339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac electrical activity is governed by different ion channels that generate action potentials. Acquired or inherited abnormalities in the expression and/or function of ion channels usually result in electrophysiological changes that can cause cardiac arrhythmias. Transcription factors (TFs) control gene transcription by binding to specific DNA sequences adjacent to target genes. Linkage analysis, candidate-gene screening within families, and genome-wide association studies have linked rare and common genetic variants in the genes encoding TFs with genetically-determined cardiac arrhythmias. Besides its critical role in cardiac development, recent data demonstrated that they control cardiac electrical activity through the direct regulation of the expression and function of cardiac ion channels in adult hearts. This narrative review summarizes some studies showing functional data on regulation of the main human atrial and ventricular Na+, Ca2+, and K+ channels by cardiac TFs such as Pitx2c, Tbx20, Tbx5, Zfhx3, among others. The results have improved our understanding of the mechanisms regulating cardiac electrical activity and may open new avenues for therapeutic interventions in cardiac acquired or inherited arrhythmias through the identification of TFs as potential drug targets. Even though TFs have for a long time been considered as 'undruggable' targets, advances in structural biology have led to the identification of unique pockets in TFs amenable to be targeted with small-molecule drugs or peptides that are emerging as novel therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Crespo-García
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Cámara-Checa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Dago
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Rubio-Alarcón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Rapún
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Tamargo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Delpón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - R Caballero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Yamada Y, Yasuda K, Hata Y, Nishida N, Hirono K. A Novel NKX2-5 Variant in a Child with Left Ventricular Noncompaction, Atrial Septal Defect, Atrioventricular Conduction Disorder, and Syncope. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113171. [PMID: 35683556 PMCID: PMC9181799 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The NKX2-5 gene encodes a transcription factor and is actively involved in heart formation and development. A pediatric case with its variant and left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) has not been reported. A 12-year-old girl with a history of a surgery for atrial septal detect was referred because of syncope during exercise. The electrocardiogram showed atrioventricular block, and the echocardiogram revealed prominent trabeculations in the left ventricular wall, suggesting LVNC. A novel heterozygous variant in the NKX2-5 gene (NM_004387.1: c.255_256delCT, p.Phe86fs) was identified. NKX2-5 variants should be considered in cases with LVNC, congenital heart disease, arrhythmia, and syncope to prevent sudden cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Yamada
- Department of Cardiology, Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Obu 474-8710, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kazushi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiology, Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Obu 474-8710, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.Y.)
| | - Yukiko Hata
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.H.); (N.N.)
| | - Naoki Nishida
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.H.); (N.N.)
| | - Keiichi Hirono
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-76-434-7313
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10
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Aminu AJ, Petkova M, Atkinson AJ, Yanni J, Morris AD, Simms RT, Chen W, Yin Z, Kuniewicz M, Holda MK, Kuzmin VS, Perde F, Molenaar P, Dobrzynski H. Further insights into the molecular complexity of the human sinus node - The role of 'novel' transcription factors and microRNAs. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 166:86-104. [PMID: 34004232 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH PURPOSE The sinus node (SN) is the heart's primary pacemaker. Key ion channels (mainly the funny channel, HCN4) and Ca2+-handling proteins in the SN are responsible for its function. Transcription factors (TFs) regulate gene expression through inhibition or activation and microRNAs (miRs) do this through inhibition. There is high expression of macrophages and mast cells within the SN connective tissue. 'Novel'/unexplored TFs and miRs in the regulation of ion channels and immune cells in the SN are not well understood. Using RNAseq and bioinformatics, the expression profile and predicted interaction of key TFs and cell markers with key miRs in the adult human SN vs. right atrial tissue (RA) were determined. PRINCIPAL RESULTS 68 and 60 TFs significantly more or less expressed in the SN vs. RA respectively. Among those more expressed were ISL1 and TBX3 (involved in embryonic development of the SN) and 'novel' RUNX1-2, CEBPA, GLI1-2 and SOX2. These TFs were predicted to regulate HCN4 expression in the SN. Markers for different cells: fibroblasts (COL1A1), fat (FABP4), macrophages (CSF1R and CD209), natural killer (GZMA) and mast (TPSAB1) were significantly more expressed in the SN vs. RA. Interestingly, RUNX1-3, CEBPA and GLI1 also regulate expression of these cells. MiR-486-3p inhibits HCN4 and markers involved in immune response. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, RUNX1-2, CSF1R, TPSAB1, COL1A1 and HCN4 are highly expressed in the SN but not miR-486-3p. Their complex interactions can be used to treat SN dysfunction such as bradycardia. Interestingly, another research group recently reported miR-486-3p is upregulated in blood samples from severe COVID-19 patients who suffer from bradycardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abimbola J Aminu
- The Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Petkova
- The Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Atkinson
- The Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Yanni
- The Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alex D Morris
- The Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert T Simms
- The Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Weixuan Chen
- The Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Zeyuan Yin
- The Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Marcin Kuniewicz
- The Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz K Holda
- The Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Vladislav S Kuzmin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Filip Perde
- National Institute of Legal Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Peter Molenaar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Cardiovascular Molecular & Therapeutics Translational Research Group, University of Queensland, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Halina Dobrzynski
- The Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
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11
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Dai W, Kesaraju S, Weber CR. Transcriptional factors in calcium mishandling and atrial fibrillation development. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1177-1197. [PMID: 34003377 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Healthy cardiac conduction relies on the coordinated electrical activity of distinct populations of cardiomyocytes. Disruption of cell-cell conduction results in cardiac arrhythmias, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent genetic studies have highlighted a major heritable component and identified numerous loci associated with risk of atrial fibrillation, including transcription factor genes, particularly those important in cardiac development, microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs. Identification of such genetic factors has prompted the search to understand the mechanisms that underlie the genetic component of AF. Recent studies have found several mechanisms by which genetic alterations can result in AF formation via disruption of calcium handling. Loss of developmental transcription factors in adult cardiomyocytes can result in disruption of SR calcium ATPase, sodium calcium exchanger, calcium channels, among other ion channels, which underlie action potential abnormalities and triggered activity that can contribute to AF. This review aims to summarize the complex network of transcription factors and their roles in calcium handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Dai
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sneha Kesaraju
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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12
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Drakhlis L, Biswanath S, Farr CM, Lupanow V, Teske J, Ritzenhoff K, Franke A, Manstein F, Bolesani E, Kempf H, Liebscher S, Schenke-Layland K, Hegermann J, Nolte L, Meyer H, de la Roche J, Thiemann S, Wahl-Schott C, Martin U, Zweigerdt R. Human heart-forming organoids recapitulate early heart and foregut development. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:737-746. [PMID: 33558697 PMCID: PMC8192303 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-00815-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organoid models of early tissue development have been produced for the intestine, brain, kidney and other organs, but similar approaches for the heart have been lacking. Here we generate complex, highly structured, three-dimensional heart-forming organoids (HFOs) by embedding human pluripotent stem cell aggregates in Matrigel followed by directed cardiac differentiation via biphasic WNT pathway modulation with small molecules. HFOs are composed of a myocardial layer lined by endocardial-like cells and surrounded by septum-transversum-like anlagen; they further contain spatially and molecularly distinct anterior versus posterior foregut endoderm tissues and a vascular network. The architecture of HFOs closely resembles aspects of early native heart anlagen before heart tube formation, which is known to require an interplay with foregut endoderm development. We apply HFOs to study genetic defects in vitro by demonstrating that NKX2.5-knockout HFOs show a phenotype reminiscent of cardiac malformations previously observed in transgenic mice. Heart-forming organoids model early cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lika Drakhlis
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Santoshi Biswanath
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Clara-Milena Farr
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Victoria Lupanow
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jana Teske
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Ritzenhoff
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annika Franke
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Manstein
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Emiliano Bolesani
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Henning Kempf
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Stem Cell Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Simone Liebscher
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,The Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.,Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Hegermann
- Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lena Nolte
- Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heiko Meyer
- Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jeanne de la Roche
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Thiemann
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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13
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Maternal obesity persistently alters cardiac progenitor gene expression and programs adult-onset heart disease susceptibility. Mol Metab 2020; 43:101116. [PMID: 33212270 PMCID: PMC7720025 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Heart disease risk can be programmed by intrauterine exposure to obesity. Dysregulating key transcription factors in cardiac progenitors can cause subsequent adult-onset heart disease. In this study, we investigated the transcriptional pathways that are altered in the embryonic heart and linked to heart disease risk in offspring exposed to obesity during pregnancy. Methods Female mice were fed an obesogenic diet and mated with males fed a control diet. Heart function and genome-wide gene expression were analyzed in adult offspring born to obese and lean mice at baseline and in response to stress. Cross-referencing with genes dysregulated genome-wide in cardiac progenitors from embryos of obese mice and human fetal hearts revealed the transcriptional events associated with adult-onset heart disease susceptibility. Results We found that adult mice born to obese mothers develop mild heart dysfunction consistent with early stages of disease. Accordingly, hearts of these mice dysregulated genes controlling extracellular matrix remodeling, metabolism, and TGF-β signaling, known to control heart disease progression. These pathways were already dysregulated in cardiac progenitors in embryos of obese mice. Moreover, in response to cardiovascular stress, the heart of adults born to obese dams developed exacerbated myocardial remodeling and excessively activated regulators of cell-extracellular matrix interactions but failed to activate metabolic regulators. Expression of developmentally regulated genes was altered in cardiac progenitors of embryos of obese mice and human hearts of fetuses of obese donors. Accordingly, the levels of Nkx2-5, a key regulator of heart development, inversely correlated with maternal body weight in mice. Furthermore, Nkx2-5 target genes were dysregulated in cardiac progenitors and persistently in adult hearts born to obese mice and human hearts from pregnancies affected by obesity. Conclusions Obesity during pregnancy alters Nkx2-5-controlled transcription in differentiating cardiac progenitors and persistently in the adult heart, making the adult heart vulnerable to dysregulated stress responses. Maternal obesity programs progressive heart dysfunction in adult offspring. Offspring of obese dams are prone to dysregulated stress responses in the heart. Nkx2-5-controlled transcription is dysregulated in hearts exposed to obesity in utero. Obesity during pregnancy broadly affects gene expression in the embryonic heart.
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14
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Wang Y, Morishima M, Li D, Takahashi N, Saikawa T, Nattel S, Ono K. Binge Alcohol Exposure Triggers Atrial Fibrillation Through T-Type Ca 2+ Channel Upregulation via Protein Kinase C (PKC) / Glycogen Synthesis Kinase 3β (GSK3β) / Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Cells (NFAT) Signaling ― An Experimental Account of Holiday Heart Syndrome ―. Circ J 2020; 84:1931-1940. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-20-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine
- Department of Clinical Examination and Diagnostics, Oita University School of Medicine
| | - Masaki Morishima
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine
| | - Naohiko Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Examination and Diagnostics, Oita University School of Medicine
| | - Tetsunori Saikawa
- Department of Clinical Examination and Diagnostics, Oita University School of Medicine
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, University of Montreal
| | - Katsushige Ono
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine
- Department of Clinical Examination and Diagnostics, Oita University School of Medicine
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15
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Laforest B, Dai W, Tyan L, Lazarevic S, Shen KM, Gadek M, Broman MT, Weber CR, Moskowitz IP. Atrial fibrillation risk loci interact to modulate Ca2+-dependent atrial rhythm homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4937-4950. [PMID: 31609246 DOI: 10.1172/jci124231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), defined by disorganized atrial cardiac rhythm, is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia worldwide. Recent genetic studies have highlighted a major heritable component and identified numerous loci associated with AF risk, including the cardiogenic transcription factor genes TBX5, GATA4, and NKX2-5. We report that Tbx5 and Gata4 interact with opposite signs for atrial rhythm controls compared with cardiac development. Using mouse genetics, we found that AF pathophysiology caused by Tbx5 haploinsufficiency, including atrial arrhythmia susceptibility, prolonged action potential duration, and ectopic cardiomyocyte depolarizations, were all rescued by Gata4 haploinsufficiency. In contrast, Nkx2-5 haploinsufficiency showed no combinatorial effect. The molecular basis of the TBX5/GATA4 interaction included normalization of intra-cardiomyocyte calcium flux and expression of calcium channel genes Atp2a2 and Ryr2. Furthermore, GATA4 and TBX5 showed antagonistic interactions on an Ryr2 enhancer. Atrial rhythm instability caused by Tbx5 haploinsufficiency was rescued by a decreased dose of phospholamban, a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor, consistent with a role for decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium flux in Tbx5-dependent AF susceptibility. This work defines a link between Tbx5 dose, sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium flux, and AF propensity. The unexpected interactions between Tbx5 and Gata4 in atrial rhythm control suggest that evaluating specific interactions between genetic risk loci will be necessary for ascertaining personalized risk from genetic association data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leonid Tyan
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael T Broman
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics.,Department of Pathology, and
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16
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Kolomenski JE, Delea M, Simonetti L, Fabbro MC, Espeche LD, Taboas M, Nadra AD, Bruque CD, Dain L. An update on genetic variants of the NKX2-5. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1187-1208. [PMID: 32369864 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NKX2-5 is a homeodomain transcription factor that plays a crucial role in heart development. It is the first gene where a single genetic variant (GV) was found to be associated with congenital heart diseases in humans. In this study, we carried out a comprehensive survey of NKX2-5 GVs to build a unified, curated, and updated compilation of all available GVs. We retrieved a total of 1,380 unique GVs. From these, 970 had information on their frequency in the general population and 143 have been linked to pathogenic phenotypes in humans. In vitro effect was ascertained for 38 GVs. The homeodomain had the biggest cluster of pathogenic variants in the protein: 49 GVs in 60 residues, 23 in its third α-helix, where 11 missense variants may affect protein-DNA interaction or the hydrophobic core. We also pinpointed the likely location of pathogenic GVs in four linear motifs. These analyses allowed us to assign a putative explanation for the effect of 90 GVs. This study pointed to reliable pathogenicity for GVs in helix 3 of the homeodomain and may broaden the scope of functional and structural studies that can be done to better understand the effect of GVs in NKX2-5 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E Kolomenski
- Departamento de Química Biológica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional, iB3, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisol Delea
- Centro Nacional de Genética Médica, ANLIS, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Simonetti
- Department of Chemistry-Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Lucía D Espeche
- Centro Nacional de Genética Médica, ANLIS, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melisa Taboas
- Centro Nacional de Genética Médica, ANLIS, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro D Nadra
- Departamento de Química Biológica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional, iB3, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos D Bruque
- Centro Nacional de Genética Médica, ANLIS, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana Dain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional, iB3, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro Nacional de Genética Médica, ANLIS, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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17
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Lu A, Kamkar M, Chu C, Wang J, Gaudet K, Chen Y, Lin L, Liu W, Marbán E, Liang W. Direct and Indirect Suppression of Scn5a Gene Expression Mediates Cardiac Na + Channel Inhibition by Wnt Signalling. Can J Cardiol 2020; 36:564-576. [PMID: 32046907 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction and heart failure are associated with reduced voltage-gated Na+ current (INa) that promotes arrhythmias and sudden deaths. We have previously shown that the Wnt/β-catenin signalling (Wnt signalling), which is active in heart disease, reduces cardiac INa, suggesting that Wnt signalling may be a potential therapeutic target. However, because Wnt signalling is required for the homeostasis of many noncardiac tissues, administration of Wnt inhibitors to heart patients would cause significant side effects. The present study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of cardiac INa inhibition by Wnt, which would identify cardiac-specific therapeutic targets. METHODS Wnt signalling was activated in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes by Wnt3a protein. Adenovirus expressing Wnt3a was injected into the adult rat ventricle. CRISPR/Cas9 and chromatin immunoprecipitation were used for mechanistic studies. RESULTS Wnt signalling activation in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes reduced Nav1.5 protein and Scn5a mRNA, but increased Tbx3, a known suppressor of Scn5a. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that Wnt signalling inhibits Scn5a expression through downstream mediator (TCF4) binding to both Tbx3 and Scn5a promoters. Overexpression or knockdown of Tbx3 directly modified Nav1.5 and INa, whereas CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations at TCF4 binding sites within the Scn5a promoter attenuated Wnt inhibition of Scn5a and Nav1.5. In adult rat hearts, adenovirus expressing Wnt3a reduced Nav1.5, increased QRS duration in electrocardiogram, and increased the susceptibility to ventricular tachycardia. CONCLUSIONS Wnt signalling inhibits the Na+ channel by direct and indirect (via Tbx3) suppression of Scn5a transcription. Strategies to block TCF4 binding to the Tbx3 and Scn5a promoters would represent novel strategies for cardiac-specific inhibition of the Wnt pathway to rescue INa and prevent sudden cardiac deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhu Lu
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maryam Kamkar
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cencen Chu
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jerry Wang
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaya Gaudet
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yawen Chen
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Lin
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Weixin Liu
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eduardo Marbán
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wenbin Liang
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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18
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Zhao L, Sun L, Lu Y, Li F, Xu H. A small-molecule LF3 abrogates β-catenin/TCF4-mediated suppression of Na V1.5 expression in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 135:90-96. [PMID: 31419437 PMCID: PMC7088444 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased nuclear β-catenin interacting with T-cell factor 4 (TCF4) affects the expression of target genes including SCN5A in ischemic heart disease, which is characterized by frequent ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation. A complex of β-catenin and TCF4 inhibits cardiac Na+ channel activity by reducing NaV1.5 expression through suppressing SCN5A promoter activity in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. LF3, a 4-thioureido-benzenesulfonamide derivative and an inhibitor of β-catenin/TCF4 interaction, has been shown to block the self-renewal capacity of cancer stem cells. We performed studies to determine if LF3 can reverse suppressive effects of β-catenin/TCF4 signaling on the expression of NaV1.5 in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Western blotting and real-time qRT-PCR analyses showed that 10 μM LF3 significantly increased the expression of NaV1.5 but it did not alter β-catenin and TCF4 expression. Subcellular fractionation analysis demonstrated that LF3 significantly increased the levels of NaV1.5 in both membrane and cytoplasm. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that Na+ currents were significantly increased with no changes in the steady-state parameters, activation and inactivation time constants and recovery from inactivation of Na+ channel in HL-1 cells treated with LF3. Immunoprecipitation exhibited that LF3 blocked the interaction of β-catenin and TCF4. Luciferase reporter assays performed in HEK 293 cells and HL-1 revealed that LF3 increased the SCN5A promoter activity in HL-1 cells and prevented β-catenin suppressive effect on SCN5A promoter activity in HEK 293 cells. Taken together, we conclude that LF3, an inhibitor of β-catenin/TCF4 interaction, elevates NaV1.5 expression, leading to increase Na+ channel activity in HL-1 cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 90105, United States of America
| | - Lihua Sun
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 90105, United States of America
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 90105, United States of America
| | - Faqian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Haodong Xu
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 90105, United States of America.
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19
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Sveinbjornsson G, Olafsdottir EF, Thorolfsdottir RB, Davidsson OB, Helgadottir A, Jonasdottir A, Jonasdottir A, Bjornsson E, Jensson BO, Arnadottir GA, Kristinsdottir H, Stephensen SS, Oskarsson G, Gudbjartsson T, Sigurdsson EL, Andersen K, Danielsen R, Arnar DO, Jonsdottir I, Thorsteinsdottir U, Sulem P, Thorgeirsson G, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Stefansson K. Variants in NKX2-5 and FLNC Cause Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Sudden Cardiac Death. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2019; 11:e002151. [PMID: 30354339 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.117.002151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an important cause of heart failure. Variants in >50 genes have been reported to cause DCM, but causative variants have been found in less than half of familial cases. Variants causing DCM in Iceland have not been reported before. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study on DCM based on whole genome sequencing. We tested the association of 32.5 million sequence variants in 424 cases and 337 689 population controls in Iceland. RESULTS We identified 2 DCM variants in established cardiomyopathy genes, a missense variant p.Phe145Leu in NKX2-5 carried by 1 in 7100 Icelanders ( P=7.0×10-12) and a frameshift variant p.Phe1626Serfs*40 in FLNC carried by 1 in 3600 Icelanders ( P=2.1×10-10). Both variants associate with heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Additionally, p.Phe145Leu in NKX2-5 associates with high degree atrioventricular block and atrial septal defect ( P<1.4×10-4). The penetrance of serious heart disease among carriers of the NKX2-5 variant is high and higher than that of the FLNC variant. CONCLUSIONS Two rare variants in NKX2-5 and FLNC, carried by 1 in 2400 Icelanders, cause familial DCM in Iceland. These genes have recently been associated with DCM. Given the serious consequences of these variants, we suggest screening for them in individuals with DCM and their family members, with subsequent monitoring of carriers, offering early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gardar Sveinbjornsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland (G.S., E.F.O., R.B.T., O.B.D., A.H.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (G.S., D.F.G.)
| | - Eva F Olafsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland (G.S., E.F.O., R.B.T., O.B.D., A.H.,Faculty of Medicine (E.F.O., E.B., H.K., T.G., K.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., G.T., K.S.)
| | | | - Olafur B Davidsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland (G.S., E.F.O., R.B.T., O.B.D., A.H
| | - Anna Helgadottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland (G.S., E.F.O., R.B.T., O.B.D., A.H
| | | | | | - Eythor Bjornsson
- Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, E.B., B.O.J., G.A.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., P.S., G.T., D.F.G., H.H., K.S.).,Faculty of Medicine (E.F.O., E.B., H.K., T.G., K.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., G.T., K.S.)
| | - Brynjar O Jensson
- Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, E.B., B.O.J., G.A.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., P.S., G.T., D.F.G., H.H., K.S.)
| | - Gudny A Arnadottir
- Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, E.B., B.O.J., G.A.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., P.S., G.T., D.F.G., H.H., K.S.)
| | | | - Sigurdur S Stephensen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital Reykjavik, Iceland (S.S.S., G.O.)
| | - Gylfi Oskarsson
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital Reykjavik, Iceland (S.S.S., G.O.)
| | - Tomas Gudbjartsson
- Faculty of Medicine (E.F.O., E.B., H.K., T.G., K.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., G.T., K.S.).,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (T.G.)
| | - Emil L Sigurdsson
- Department of Family Medicine (E.L.S.), University of Iceland, Reykjavik.,Department of Development, Primary Health Care of the Capital Area, Reykjavik, Iceland (E.L.S.)
| | - Karl Andersen
- Faculty of Medicine (E.F.O., E.B., H.K., T.G., K.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., G.T., K.S.).,Department of Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.A., R.D., D.O.A., G.T.)
| | - Ragnar Danielsen
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.A., R.D., D.O.A., G.T.)
| | - David O Arnar
- Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, E.B., B.O.J., G.A.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., P.S., G.T., D.F.G., H.H., K.S.).,Faculty of Medicine (E.F.O., E.B., H.K., T.G., K.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., G.T., K.S.).,Department of Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.A., R.D., D.O.A., G.T.)
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, E.B., B.O.J., G.A.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., P.S., G.T., D.F.G., H.H., K.S.).,Faculty of Medicine (E.F.O., E.B., H.K., T.G., K.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., G.T., K.S.).,Department of Immunology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik (I.J.)
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, E.B., B.O.J., G.A.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., P.S., G.T., D.F.G., H.H., K.S.).,Faculty of Medicine (E.F.O., E.B., H.K., T.G., K.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., G.T., K.S.)
| | - Patrick Sulem
- Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, E.B., B.O.J., G.A.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., P.S., G.T., D.F.G., H.H., K.S.)
| | - Gudmundur Thorgeirsson
- Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, E.B., B.O.J., G.A.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., P.S., G.T., D.F.G., H.H., K.S.).,Faculty of Medicine (E.F.O., E.B., H.K., T.G., K.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., G.T., K.S.).,Department of Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland (K.A., R.D., D.O.A., G.T.)
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, E.B., B.O.J., G.A.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., P.S., G.T., D.F.G., H.H., K.S.).,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (G.S., D.F.G.)
| | - Hilma Holm
- Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, E.B., B.O.J., G.A.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., P.S., G.T., D.F.G., H.H., K.S.)
| | - Kari Stefansson
- Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, E.B., B.O.J., G.A.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., P.S., G.T., D.F.G., H.H., K.S.).,Faculty of Medicine (E.F.O., E.B., H.K., T.G., K.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., G.T., K.S.)
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20
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Li MCH, O'Brien TJ, Todaro M, Powell KL. Acquired cardiac channelopathies in epilepsy: Evidence, mechanisms, and clinical significance. Epilepsia 2019; 60:1753-1767. [PMID: 31353444 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that cardiac dysfunction in patients with chronic epilepsy could play a pathogenic role in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Recent animal studies have revealed that epilepsy secondarily alters the expression of cardiac ion channels alongside abnormal cardiac electrophysiology and remodeling. These molecular findings represent novel evidence for an acquired cardiac channelopathy in epilepsy, distinct from inherited ion channels mutations associated with cardiocerebral phenotypes. Specifically, seizure activity has been shown to alter the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav 1.1, Nav 1.5), voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv 4.2, Kv 4.3), sodium-calcium exchangers (NCX1), and nonspecific cation-conducting channels (HCN2, HCN4). The pathophysiology may involve autonomic dysfunction and structural cardiac disease, as both are independently associated with epilepsy and ion channel dysregulation. Indeed, in vivo and in vitro studies of cardiac pathology reveal a complex network of signaling pathways and transcription factors regulating ion channel expression in the setting of sympathetic overactivity, cardiac failure, and hypertrophy. Other mechanisms such as circulating inflammatory mediators or exogenous effects of antiepileptic medications lack evidence. Moreover, an acquired cardiac channelopathy may underlie the electrophysiologic cardiac abnormalities seen in chronic epilepsy, potentially contributing to the increased risk of malignant arrhythmias and sudden death. Therefore, further investigation is necessary to establish whether cardiac ion channel dysregulation similarly occurs in patients with epilepsy, and to characterize any pathogenic relationship with SUDEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C H Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marian Todaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim L Powell
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Wang H, Liu Y, Li Y, Wang W, Li L, Meng M, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Yunfeng Z, Han S, Zeng J, Hou Z, Jiang L. Analysis of NKX2-5 in 439 Chinese Patients with Sporadic Atrial Septal Defect. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:2756-2763. [PMID: 30982828 PMCID: PMC6481236 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The NKX2 gene family is made up of core transcription factors that are involved in the morphogenesis of the vertebrate heart. NKx2-5 plays a pivotal role in mouse cardiogenesis, and mutations in NKx2-5 result in an abnormal structure and function of the heart, including atrial septal defect and cardiac electrophysiological abnormalities. Material/Methods To investigate the genetic variation of NKX2-5 in Chinese patients with sporadic atrial septal defect, we sequenced the full length of the NKX2-5 gene in the participants of the study. Four hundred thirty-nine patients and 567 healthy unrelated individuals were recruited. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood leukocytes of the participants. DNA samples from the participants were amplified by multiplex PCR and sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq platform. Variations were detected by comparison with a standard reference genome and annotation with a variant effect predictor. Results Thirty variations were detected in Chinese patients with sporadic atrial septal defect, and 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) had a frequency greater than 1%. Among the 30 variations, the SNPs rs2277923 and rs3729753 were extremely prominent, with a high frequency and odds ratio in patients. Conclusions Single nucleotide variations are the prominent genetic variations of NKX2-5 in Chinese patients with sporadic atrial septal defect. The SNPs rs2277923 and rs3729753 are prominent single nucleotide variations (SNVs) in Chinese patients with sporadic atrial septal defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshu Wang
- Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Yaxiong Li
- Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Wenju Wang
- Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Lin Li
- Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Mingyao Meng
- Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Yanhua Xie
- Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Yayong Zhang
- Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Zi Yunfeng
- Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Shen Han
- Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Jianying Zeng
- Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - ZongLiu Hou
- Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Lihong Jiang
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
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22
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Dupays L, Towers N, Wood S, David A, Stuckey DJ, Mohun T. Furin, a transcriptional target of NKX2-5, has an essential role in heart development and function. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212992. [PMID: 30840660 PMCID: PMC6402701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The homeodomain transcription factor NKX2-5 is known to be essential for both normal heart development and for heart function. But little is yet known about the identities of its downstream effectors or their function during differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). We have used transgenic analysis and CRISPR-mediated ablation to identify a cardiac enhancer of the Furin gene. The Furin gene, encoding a proprotein convertase, is directly repressed by NKX2-5. Deletion of Furin in CPCs is embryonic lethal, with mutant hearts showing a range of abnormalities in the outflow tract. Those defects are associated with a reduction in proliferation and premature differentiation of the CPCs. Deletion of Furin in differentiated cardiomyocytes results in viable adult mutant mice showing an elongation of the PR interval, a phenotype that is consistent with the phenotype of mice and human mutant for Nkx2-5. Our results show that Furin mediate some aspects of Nkx2-5 function in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Dupays
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (LD); (TM)
| | - Norma Towers
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Wood
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna David
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Stuckey
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Mohun
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (LD); (TM)
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23
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Moreau JLM, Kesteven S, Martin EMMA, Lau KS, Yam MX, O'Reilly VC, Del Monte-Nieto G, Baldini A, Feneley MP, Moon AM, Harvey RP, Sparrow DB, Chapman G, Dunwoodie SL. Gene-environment interaction impacts on heart development and embryo survival. Development 2019; 146:146/4/dev172957. [PMID: 30787001 DOI: 10.1242/dev.172957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of birth defect. In recent years, research has focussed on identifying the genetic causes of CHD. However, only a minority of CHD cases can be attributed to single gene mutations. In addition, studies have identified different environmental stressors that promote CHD, but the additive effect of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors is poorly understood. In this context, we have investigated the effects of short-term gestational hypoxia on mouse embryos genetically predisposed to heart defects. Exposure of mouse embryos heterozygous for Tbx1 or Fgfr1/Fgfr2 to hypoxia in utero increased the incidence and severity of heart defects while Nkx2-5+/- embryos died within 2 days of hypoxic exposure. We identified the molecular consequences of the interaction between Nkx2-5 and short-term gestational hypoxia, which suggest that reduced Nkx2-5 expression and a prolonged hypoxia-inducible factor 1α response together precipitate embryo death. Our study provides insight into the causes of embryo loss and variable penetrance of monogenic CHD, and raises the possibility that cases of foetal death and CHD in humans could be caused by similar gene-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L M Moreau
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Scott Kesteven
- Cardiac Physiology and Transplantation Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Ella M M A Martin
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Kin S Lau
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Michelle X Yam
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Victoria C O'Reilly
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Gonzalo Del Monte-Nieto
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Antonio Baldini
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, and Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Michael P Feneley
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Cardiac Physiology and Transplantation Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Cardiology Department, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Anne M Moon
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2033, Australia
| | - Duncan B Sparrow
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Gavin Chapman
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Sally L Dunwoodie
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia .,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2033, Australia
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24
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Frandon J, Bricq S, Bentatou Z, Marcadet L, Barral PA, Finas M, Fagret D, Kober F, Habib G, Bernard M, Lalande A, Miquerol L, Jacquier A. Semi-automatic detection of myocardial trabeculation using cardiovascular magnetic resonance: correlation with histology and reproducibility in a mouse model of non-compaction. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2018; 20:70. [PMID: 30355287 PMCID: PMC6201553 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-018-0489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The definition of left ventricular (LV) non-compaction is controversial, and discriminating between normal and excessive LV trabeculation remains challenging. Our goal was to quantify LV trabeculation on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) images in a genetic mouse model of non-compaction using a dedicated semi-automatic software package and to compare our results to the histology used as a gold standard. METHODS Adult mice with ventricular non-compaction were generated by conditional trabecular deletion of Nkx2-5. Thirteen mice (5 controls, 8 Nkx2-5 mutants) were included in the study. Cine CMR series were acquired in the mid LV short axis plane (resolution 0.086 × 0.086x1mm3) (11.75 T). In a sub set of 6 mice, 5 to 7 cine CMR were acquired in LV short axis to cover the whole LV with a lower resolution (0.172 × 0.172x1mm3). We used semi-automatic software to quantify the compacted mass (Mc), the trabeculated mass (Mt) and the percentage of trabeculation (Mt/Mc) on all cine acquisitions. After CMR all hearts were sliced along the short axis and stained with eosin, and histological LV contouring was performed manually, blinded from the CMR results, and Mt, Mc and Mt/Mc were quantified. Intra and interobserver reproducibility was evaluated by computing the intra class correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS Whole heart acquisition showed no statistical significant difference between trabeculation measured at the basal, midventricular and apical parts of the LV. On the mid-LV cine CMR slice, the median Mt was 0.92 mg (range 0.07-2.56 mg), Mc was 12.24 mg (9.58-17.51 mg), Mt/Mc was 6.74% (0.66-17.33%). There was a strong correlation between CMR and the histology for Mt, Mc and Mt/ Mc with respectively: r2 = 0.94 (p < 0.001), r2 = 0.91 (p < 0.001), r2 = 0.83 (p < 0.001). Intra- and interobserver reproducibility was 0.97 and 0.8 for Mt; 0.98 and 0.97 for Mc; 0.96 and 0.72 for Mt/Mc, respectively and significantly more trabeculation was observed in the Mc Mutant mice than the controls. CONCLUSION The proposed semi-automatic quantification software is accurate in comparison to the histology and reproducible in evaluating Mc, Mt and Mt/ Mc on cine CMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Frandon
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
- Department of Radiology, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
- Department of Radiology, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | | | | | - Laetitia Marcadet
- CNRS UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Mathieu Finas
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Fagret
- INSERM, U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Frank Kober
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
| | - Gilbert Habib
- Department of Cardiology, APHM, la Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | | | - Alain Lalande
- Le2i, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Department of MRI, University Hospital Francois Mitterrand, Dijon, France
| | | | - Alexis Jacquier
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
- Department of Radiology, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
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25
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Li G, Khandekar A, Yin T, Hicks SC, Guo Q, Takahashi K, Lipovsky CE, Brumback BD, Rao PK, Weinheimer CJ, Rentschler SL. Differential Wnt-mediated programming and arrhythmogenesis in right versus left ventricles. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 123:92-107. [PMID: 30193957 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Several inherited arrhythmias, including Brugada syndrome and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, primarily affect the right ventricle and can lead to sudden cardiac death. Among many differences, right and left ventricular cardiomyocytes derive from distinct progenitors, prompting us to investigate how embryonic programming may contribute to chamber-specific conduction and arrhythmia susceptibility. Here, we show that developmental perturbation of Wnt signaling leads to chamber-specific transcriptional regulation of genes important in cardiac conduction that persists into adulthood. Transcriptional profiling of right versus left ventricles in mice deficient in Wnt transcriptional activity reveals global chamber differences, including genes regulating cardiac electrophysiology such as Gja1 and Scn5a. In addition, the transcriptional repressor Hey2, a gene associated with Brugada syndrome, is a direct target of Wnt signaling in the right ventricle only. These transcriptional changes lead to perturbed right ventricular cardiac conduction and cellular excitability. Ex vivo and in vivo stimulation of the right ventricle is sufficient to induce ventricular tachycardia in Wnt transcriptionally inactive hearts, while left ventricular stimulation has no effect. These data show that embryonic perturbation of Wnt signaling in cardiomyocytes leads to right ventricular arrhythmia susceptibility in the adult heart through chamber-specific regulation of genes regulating cellular electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Aditi Khandekar
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tiankai Yin
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stephanie C Hicks
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Qiusha Guo
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kentaro Takahashi
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Catherine E Lipovsky
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brittany D Brumback
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Praveen K Rao
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carla J Weinheimer
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stacey L Rentschler
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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26
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Deletion of Nkx2-5 in trabecular myocardium reveals the developmental origins of pathological heterogeneity associated with ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007502. [PMID: 29979676 PMCID: PMC6051668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a rare cardiomyopathy associated with a hypertrabeculated phenotype and a large spectrum of symptoms. It is still unclear whether LVNC results from a defect of ventricular trabeculae development and the mechanistic basis that underlies the varying severity of this pathology is unknown. To investigate these issues, we inactivated the cardiac transcription factor Nkx2-5 in trabecular myocardium at different stages of trabecular morphogenesis using an inducible Cx40-creERT2 allele. Conditional deletion of Nkx2-5 at embryonic stages, during trabecular formation, provokes a severe hypertrabeculated phenotype associated with subendocardial fibrosis and Purkinje fiber hypoplasia. A milder phenotype was observed after Nkx2-5 deletion at fetal stages, during trabecular compaction. A longitudinal study of cardiac function in adult Nkx2-5 conditional mutant mice demonstrates that excessive trabeculation is associated with complex ventricular conduction defects, progressively leading to strain defects, and, in 50% of mutant mice, to heart failure. Progressive impaired cardiac function correlates with conduction and strain defects independently of the degree of hypertrabeculation. Transcriptomic analysis of molecular pathways reflects myocardial remodeling with a larger number of differentially expressed genes in the severe versus mild phenotype and identifies Six1 as being upregulated in hypertrabeculated hearts. Our results provide insights into the etiology of LVNC and link its pathogenicity with compromised trabecular development including compaction defects and ventricular conduction system hypoplasia. During fetal heart morphogenesis, formation of the mature ventricular wall requires coordinated compaction of the inner trabecular layer and growth of the outer layer of myocardium. Arrested trabecular development has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertrabeculation associated with ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. However much uncertainty still exists among clinicians concerning the physiopathology of ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy, including its clinical characteristics, prognosis, classification and even the definition of hypertrabeculation. In particular, distinguishing between pathological and non-pathological subtypes of non-compaction is currently a major issue. Here we show that deletion of the gene encoding the transcription factor Nkx2-5 at critical steps during trabecular development recapitulates pathological features of hypertrabeculation, providing the first model of ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy in adult mice. We demonstrate that excessive trabeculation due to failure of trabecular compaction during fetal development is associated with Purkinje fiber hypoplasia and subendocardial fibrosis. Longitudinal functional studies reveal that these mice present all the clinical signs of symptomatic left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy, including conduction defects, strain defects and progressive heart failure. Our results, including transcriptomic analysis, suggest that pathological features of non-compaction are primarily developmental defects. This study clarifies the origin of the pathological outcomes associated with LVNC and may provide helpful information for clinicians concerning the etiology of this rare cardiomyopathy.
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27
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Colombo S, de Sena-Tomás C, George V, Werdich AA, Kapur S, MacRae CA, Targoff KL. Nkx genes establish second heart field cardiomyocyte progenitors at the arterial pole and pattern the venous pole through Isl1 repression. Development 2018; 145:dev.161497. [PMID: 29361575 DOI: 10.1242/dev.161497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
NKX2-5 is the most commonly mutated gene associated with human congenital heart defects (CHDs), with a predilection for cardiac pole abnormalities. This homeodomain transcription factor is a central regulator of cardiac development and is expressed in both the first and second heart fields (FHF and SHF). We have previously revealed essential functions of nkx2.5 and nkx2.7, two Nkx2-5 homologs expressed in zebrafish cardiomyocytes, in maintaining ventricular identity. However, the differential roles of these genes in the specific subpopulations of the anterior (aSHF) and posterior (pSHF) SHFs have yet to be fully defined. Here, we show that Nkx genes regulate aSHF and pSHF progenitors through independent mechanisms. We demonstrate that Nkx genes restrict proliferation of aSHF progenitors in the outflow tract, delimit the number of pSHF progenitors at the venous pole and pattern the sinoatrial node acting through Isl1 repression. Moreover, optical mapping highlights the requirement for Nkx gene dose in establishing electrophysiological chamber identity and in integrating the physiological connectivity of FHF and SHF cardiomyocytes. Ultimately, our results may shed light on the discrete errors responsible for NKX2-5-dependent human CHDs of the cardiac outflow and inflow tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Colombo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carmen de Sena-Tomás
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Vanessa George
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andreas A Werdich
- Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Cardiovascular Division, 75 Francis Street, Thorn 11, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sunil Kapur
- Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Cardiovascular Division, 75 Francis Street, Thorn 11, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Cardiovascular Division, 75 Francis Street, Thorn 11, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kimara L Targoff
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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28
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Xu JH, Gu JY, Guo YH, Zhang H, Qiu XB, Li RG, Shi HY, Liu H, Yang XX, Xu YJ, Qu XK, Yang YQ. Prevalence and Spectrum of NKX2-5 Mutations Associated With Sporadic Adult-Onset Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Int Heart J 2017; 58:521-529. [PMID: 28690296 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.16-440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), the most common form of primary myocardial disease, is a leading cause of congestive heart failure and the most common indication for heart transplantation. Recently, NKX2-5 mutations have been involved in the pathogenesis of familial DCM. However, the prevalence and spectrum of NKX2-5 mutations associated with sporadic DCM remain to be evaluated. In this study, the coding regions and flanking introns of the NKX2-5 gene, which encodes a cardiac transcription factor pivotal for cardiac development and structural remodeling, were sequenced in 210 unrelated patients with sporadic adult-onset DCM. A total of 300 unrelated healthy individuals used as controls were also genotyped for NKX2-5. The functional effect of the mutant NKX2-5 was investigated using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system. As a result, two novel heterozygous NKX2-5 mutations, p.R139W and p.E167X, were identified in 2 unrelated patients with sporadic adult-onset DCM, with a mutational prevalence of approximately 0.95%. The mutations were absent in 600 referential chromosomes and the altered amino acids were completely conserved evolutionarily across species. Functional assays revealed that the NKX2-5 mutants were associated with significantly reduced transcriptional activity. Furthermore, the mutations abrogated the synergistic activation between NKX2-5 and GATA4 as well as TBX20, two other cardiac key transcription factors that have been causally linked to adult-onset DCM. This study is the first to associate NKX2-5 loss-of-function mutations with enhanced susceptibility to sporadic DCM, which provides novel insight into the molecular etiology underpinning DCM, and suggests the potential implications for the genetic counseling and personalized treatment of the DCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Jian-Yun Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Yu-Han Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
| | - Xing-Biao Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Ruo-Gu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Hong-Yu Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Xiao-Xiao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Ying-Jia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Xin-Kai Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University.,Department of Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University.,Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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29
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Qiao Y, Lipovsky C, Hicks S, Bhatnagar S, Li G, Khandekar A, Guzy R, Woo KV, Nichols CG, Efimov IR, Rentschler S. Transient Notch Activation Induces Long-Term Gene Expression Changes Leading to Sick Sinus Syndrome in Mice. Circ Res 2017; 121:549-563. [PMID: 28674041 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.310396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Notch signaling programs cardiac conduction during development, and in the adult ventricle, injury-induced Notch reactivation initiates global transcriptional and epigenetic changes. OBJECTIVE To determine whether Notch reactivation may stably alter atrial ion channel gene expression and arrhythmia inducibility. METHODS AND RESULTS To model an injury response and determine the effects of Notch signaling on atrial electrophysiology, we transiently activate Notch signaling within adult myocardium using a doxycycline-inducible genetic system (inducible Notch intracellular domain [iNICD]). Significant heart rate slowing and frequent sinus pauses are observed in iNICD mice when compared with controls. iNICD mice have structurally normal atria and preserved sinus node architecture, but expression of key transcriptional regulators of sinus node and atrial conduction, including Nkx2-5 (NK2 homeobox 5), Tbx3, and Tbx5 are dysregulated. To determine whether the induced electrical changes are stable, we transiently activated Notch followed by a prolonged washout period and observed that, in addition to decreased heart rate, atrial conduction velocity is persistently slower than control. Consistent with conduction slowing, genes encoding molecular determinants of atrial conduction velocity, including Scn5a (Nav1.5) and Gja5 (connexin 40), are persistently downregulated long after a transient Notch pulse. Consistent with the reduction in Scn5a transcript, Notch induces global changes in the atrial action potential, including a reduced dVm/dtmax. In addition, programmed electrical stimulation near the murine pulmonary vein demonstrates increased susceptibility to atrial arrhythmias in mice where Notch has been transiently activated. Taken together, these results suggest that transient Notch activation persistently alters ion channel gene expression and atrial electrophysiology and predisposes to an arrhythmogenic substrate. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide evidence that Notch signaling regulates transcription factor and ion channel gene expression within adult atrial myocardium. Notch reactivation induces electrical changes, resulting in sinus bradycardia, sinus pauses, and a susceptibility to atrial arrhythmias, which contribute to a phenotype resembling sick sinus syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qiao
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (Y.Q., C.L., S.H., S.B., G.L., A.K., S.R.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (Y.Q., G.L., S.R.), Department of Developmental Biology (C.L., S.B., S.R.), Department of Pediatrics (K.V.W.), and Department of Cell Biology (C.G.N.), Washington University in St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (R.G.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, Washington DC (Y.Q., I.R.E.)
| | - Catherine Lipovsky
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (Y.Q., C.L., S.H., S.B., G.L., A.K., S.R.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (Y.Q., G.L., S.R.), Department of Developmental Biology (C.L., S.B., S.R.), Department of Pediatrics (K.V.W.), and Department of Cell Biology (C.G.N.), Washington University in St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (R.G.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, Washington DC (Y.Q., I.R.E.)
| | - Stephanie Hicks
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (Y.Q., C.L., S.H., S.B., G.L., A.K., S.R.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (Y.Q., G.L., S.R.), Department of Developmental Biology (C.L., S.B., S.R.), Department of Pediatrics (K.V.W.), and Department of Cell Biology (C.G.N.), Washington University in St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (R.G.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, Washington DC (Y.Q., I.R.E.)
| | - Somya Bhatnagar
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (Y.Q., C.L., S.H., S.B., G.L., A.K., S.R.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (Y.Q., G.L., S.R.), Department of Developmental Biology (C.L., S.B., S.R.), Department of Pediatrics (K.V.W.), and Department of Cell Biology (C.G.N.), Washington University in St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (R.G.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, Washington DC (Y.Q., I.R.E.)
| | - Gang Li
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (Y.Q., C.L., S.H., S.B., G.L., A.K., S.R.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (Y.Q., G.L., S.R.), Department of Developmental Biology (C.L., S.B., S.R.), Department of Pediatrics (K.V.W.), and Department of Cell Biology (C.G.N.), Washington University in St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (R.G.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, Washington DC (Y.Q., I.R.E.)
| | - Aditi Khandekar
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (Y.Q., C.L., S.H., S.B., G.L., A.K., S.R.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (Y.Q., G.L., S.R.), Department of Developmental Biology (C.L., S.B., S.R.), Department of Pediatrics (K.V.W.), and Department of Cell Biology (C.G.N.), Washington University in St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (R.G.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, Washington DC (Y.Q., I.R.E.)
| | - Robert Guzy
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (Y.Q., C.L., S.H., S.B., G.L., A.K., S.R.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (Y.Q., G.L., S.R.), Department of Developmental Biology (C.L., S.B., S.R.), Department of Pediatrics (K.V.W.), and Department of Cell Biology (C.G.N.), Washington University in St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (R.G.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, Washington DC (Y.Q., I.R.E.)
| | - Kel Vin Woo
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (Y.Q., C.L., S.H., S.B., G.L., A.K., S.R.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (Y.Q., G.L., S.R.), Department of Developmental Biology (C.L., S.B., S.R.), Department of Pediatrics (K.V.W.), and Department of Cell Biology (C.G.N.), Washington University in St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (R.G.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, Washington DC (Y.Q., I.R.E.)
| | - Colin G Nichols
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (Y.Q., C.L., S.H., S.B., G.L., A.K., S.R.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (Y.Q., G.L., S.R.), Department of Developmental Biology (C.L., S.B., S.R.), Department of Pediatrics (K.V.W.), and Department of Cell Biology (C.G.N.), Washington University in St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (R.G.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, Washington DC (Y.Q., I.R.E.)
| | - Igor R Efimov
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (Y.Q., C.L., S.H., S.B., G.L., A.K., S.R.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (Y.Q., G.L., S.R.), Department of Developmental Biology (C.L., S.B., S.R.), Department of Pediatrics (K.V.W.), and Department of Cell Biology (C.G.N.), Washington University in St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (R.G.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, Washington DC (Y.Q., I.R.E.)
| | - Stacey Rentschler
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (Y.Q., C.L., S.H., S.B., G.L., A.K., S.R.), Department of Biomedical Engineering (Y.Q., G.L., S.R.), Department of Developmental Biology (C.L., S.B., S.R.), Department of Pediatrics (K.V.W.), and Department of Cell Biology (C.G.N.), Washington University in St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (R.G.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, Washington DC (Y.Q., I.R.E.).
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30
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Furtado MB, Wilmanns JC, Chandran A, Perera J, Hon O, Biben C, Willow TJ, Nim HT, Kaur G, Simonds S, Wu Q, Willians D, Salimova E, Plachta N, Denegre JM, Murray SA, Fatkin D, Cowley M, Pearson JT, Kaye D, Ramialison M, Harvey RP, Rosenthal NA, Costa MW. Point mutations in murine Nkx2-5 phenocopy human congenital heart disease and induce pathogenic Wnt signaling. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e88271. [PMID: 28352650 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.88271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Nkx2-5 gene are a main cause of congenital heart disease. Several studies have addressed the phenotypic consequences of disrupting the Nkx2-5 gene locus, although animal models to date failed to recapitulate the full spectrum of the human disease. Here, we describe a new Nkx2-5 point mutation murine model, akin to its human counterpart disease-generating mutation. Our model fully reproduces the morphological and physiological clinical presentations of the disease and reveals an understudied aspect of Nkx2-5-driven pathology, a primary right ventricular dysfunction. We further describe the molecular consequences of disrupting the transcriptional network regulated by Nkx2-5 in the heart and show that Nkx2-5-dependent perturbation of the Wnt signaling pathway promotes heart dysfunction through alteration of cardiomyocyte metabolism. Our data provide mechanistic insights on how Nkx2-5 regulates heart function and metabolism, a link in the study of congenital heart disease, and confirms that our models are the first murine genetic models to our knowledge to present all spectra of clinically relevant adult congenital heart disease phenotypes generated by NKX2-5 mutations in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena B Furtado
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Julia C Wilmanns
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anjana Chandran
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Joelle Perera
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Olivia Hon
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Christine Biben
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Hieu T Nim
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | | | - Qizhu Wu
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - David Willians
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ekaterina Salimova
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Diane Fatkin
- Molecular Cardiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and School of Biological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia.,Cardiology Department, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | | | - James T Pearson
- Department of Physiology.,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - David Kaye
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mirana Ramialison
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Faculty of Medicine and School of Biological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia.,Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Nadia A Rosenthal
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro W Costa
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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31
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Zakariyah AF, Rajgara RF, Veinot JP, Skerjanc IS, Burgon PG. Congenital heart defect causing mutation in Nkx2.5 displays in vivo functional deficit. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 105:89-98. [PMID: 28302382 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Nkx2.5 gene encodes a transcription factor that plays a critical role in heart development. In humans, heterozygous mutations in NKX2.5 result in congenital heart defects (CHDs). However, the molecular mechanisms by which these mutations cause the disease remain unknown. NKX2.5-R142C is a mutation that was reported to be associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) and atrioventricular (AV) block in 13-patients from one family. The R142C mutation is located within both the DNA-binding domain and the nuclear localization sequence of NKX2.5 protein. The pathogenesis of CHDs in humans with R142C point mutation is not well understood. To examine the functional deficit associated with this mutation in vivo, we generated and characterized a knock-in mouse that harbours the human mutation R142C. Systematic structural and functional examination of the embryonic, newborn, and adult mice revealed that the homozygous embryos Nkx2.5R141C/R141C are developmentally arrested around E10.5 with delayed heart morphogenesis and downregulation of Nkx2.5 target genes, Anf, Mlc2v, Actc1 and Cx40. Histological examination of Nkx2.5R141C/+ newborn hearts showed that 36% displayed ASD, with at least 80% 0f adult heterozygotes displaying a septal defect. Moreover, heterozygous Nkx2.5R141C/+ newborn mice have downregulation of ion channel genes with 11/12 adult mice manifesting a prolonged PR interval that is indicative of 1st degree AV block. Collectively, the present study demonstrates that mice with the R141C point mutation in the Nkx2.5 allele phenocopies humans with the NKX2.5 R142C point mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer F Zakariyah
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Rashida F Rajgara
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - John P Veinot
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ottawa Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ilona S Skerjanc
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Patrick G Burgon
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology) Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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32
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Verardo LL, Sevón-Aimonen ML, Serenius T, Hietakangas V, Uimari P. Whole-genome association analysis of pork meat pH revealed three significant regions and several potential genes in Finnish Yorkshire pigs. BMC Genet 2017; 18:13. [PMID: 28193157 PMCID: PMC5307873 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the most commonly used quality measurements of pork is pH measured 24 h after slaughter. The most probable mode of inheritance for this trait is oligogenic with several known major genes, such as PRKAG3. In this study, we used whole-genome SNP genotypes of over 700 AI boars; after a quality check, 42,385 SNPs remained for association analysis. All the boars were purebred Finnish Yorkshire. To account for relatedness of the animals, a pedigree-based relationship matrix was used in a mixed linear model to test the effect of SNPs on pH measured from loin. A bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify the most promising genes in the significant regions related to meat quality. Results Genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed three significant chromosomal regions: one on chromosome 3 (39.9 Mb–40.1 Mb) and two on chromosome 15 (58.5 Mb–60.5 Mb and 132 Mb–135 Mb including PRKAG3). A conditional analysis with a significant SNP in the PRKAG3 region, MARC0083357, as a covariate in the model retained the significant SNPs on chromosome 3. Even though linkage disequilibrium was relatively high over a long distance between MARC0083357 and other significant SNPs on chromosome 15, some SNPs retained their significance in the conditional analysis, even in the vicinity of PRKAG3. The significant regions harbored several genes, including two genes involved in cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling: ADCY9 and CREBBP. Based on functional and transcription factor-gene networks, the most promising candidate genes for meat pH are ADCY9, CREBBP, TRAP1, NRG1, PRKAG3, VIL1, TNS1, and IGFBP5, and the key transcription factors related to these genes are HNF4A, PPARG, and Nkx2-5. Conclusions Based on SNP association, pathway, and transcription factor analysis, we were able to identify several genes with potential to control muscle cell homeostasis and meat quality. The associated SNPs can be used in selection for better pork. We also showed that post-GWAS analysis reveals important information about the genes’ potential role on meat quality. The gained information can be used in later functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas L Verardo
- Department of Animal Science/Animal Breeding, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ville Hietakangas
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Uimari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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33
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Islam YFK, Joseph R, Chowdhury RR, Anderson RH, Kasahara H. Heart Failure Induced by Perinatal Ablation of Cardiac Myosin Light Chain Kinase. Front Physiol 2016; 7:480. [PMID: 27833563 PMCID: PMC5080352 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Germline knockout mice are invaluable in understanding the function of the targeted genes. Sometimes, however, unexpected phenotypes are encountered, due in part to the activation of compensatory mechanisms. Germline ablation of cardiac myosin light chain kinase (cMLCK) causes mild cardiac dysfunction with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, whereas ablation in adult hearts results in acute heart failure with cardiomyocyte atrophy. We hypothesized that compensation after ablation of cMLCK is dependent on developmental staging and perinatal-onset of cMLCK ablation will result in more evident heart failure than germline ablation, but less profound when compared to adult-onset ablation. Methods and Results: The floxed-Mylk3 gene was ablated at the beginning of the perinatal stage using a single intra-peritoneal tamoxifen injection of 50 mg/kg into pregnant mice on the 19th day of gestation, this being the final day of gestation. The level of cMLCK protein level could no longer be detected 3 days after the injection, with these mice hereafter denoted as the perinatal Mylk3-KO. At postnatal day 19, shortly before weaning age, these mice showed reduced cardiac contractility with a fractional shortening 22.8 ± 1.0% (n = 7) as opposed to 31.4 ± 1.0% (n = 11) in controls. The ratio of the heart weight relative to body weight was significantly increased at 6.68 ± 0.28 mg/g (n = 12) relative to the two control groups, 5.90 ± 0.16 (flox/flox, n = 11) and 5.81 ± 0.33 (wild/wild/Cre, n = 5), accompanied by reduced body weight. Furthermore, their cardiomyocytes were elongated without thickening, with a long-axis of 101.8 ± 2.4 μm (n = 320) as opposed to 87.1 ± 1.6 μm (n = 360) in the controls. Conclusion: Perinatal ablation of cMLCK produces an increase of heart weight/body weight ratio, a reduction of contractility, and an increase in the expression of fetal genes. The perinatal Mylk3-KO cardiomyocytes were elongated in the absence of thickening, differing from the compensatory hypertrophy shown in the germline knockout, and the cardomyocyte thinning shown in adult-inducible knockout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin F K Islam
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ryan Joseph
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rajib R Chowdhury
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Hideko Kasahara
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
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34
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Shekhar A, Lin X, Liu FY, Zhang J, Mo H, Bastarache L, Denny JC, Cox NJ, Delmar M, Roden DM, Fishman GI, Park DS. Transcription factor ETV1 is essential for rapid conduction in the heart. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:4444-4459. [PMID: 27775552 DOI: 10.1172/jci87968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid impulse propagation in the heart is a defining property of pectinated atrial myocardium (PAM) and the ventricular conduction system (VCS) and is essential for maintaining normal cardiac rhythm and optimal cardiac output. Conduction defects in these tissues produce a disproportionate burden of arrhythmic disease and are major predictors of mortality in heart failure patients. Despite the clinical importance, little is known about the gene regulatory network that dictates the fast conduction phenotype. Here, we have used signal transduction and transcriptional profiling screens to identify a genetic pathway that converges on the NRG1-responsive transcription factor ETV1 as a critical regulator of fast conduction physiology for PAM and VCS cardiomyocytes. Etv1 was highly expressed in murine PAM and VCS cardiomyocytes, where it regulates expression of Nkx2-5, Gja5, and Scn5a, key cardiac genes required for rapid conduction. Mice deficient in Etv1 exhibited marked cardiac conduction defects coupled with developmental abnormalities of the VCS. Loss of Etv1 resulted in a complete disruption of the normal sodium current heterogeneity that exists between atrial, VCS, and ventricular myocytes. Lastly, a phenome-wide association study identified a link between ETV1 and bundle branch block and heart block in humans. Together, these results identify ETV1 as a critical factor in determining fast conduction physiology in the heart.
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35
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Developmental origin of postnatal cardiomyogenic progenitor cells. Future Sci OA 2016; 2:FSO120. [PMID: 28031967 PMCID: PMC5138010 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2016-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To trace the cell origin of the cells involved in postnatal cardiomyogenesis. Materials & methods: Nkx2.5 enhancer-eGFP (Nkx2.5 enh-eGFP) mice were used to test the cardiomyogenic potential of Nkx2.5 enhancer-expressing cells. By analyzing Cre excision of activated Nkx2.5-eGFP+ cells from different lineage-Cre/Nkx2.5 enh-eGFP/ROSA26 reporter mice, we traced the developmental origin of Nkx2.5 enhancer-expressing cells. Results: Nkx2.5 enhancer-expressing cells could differentiate into striated cardiomyocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Nkx2.5-eGFP+ cells increased remarkably after experimental myocardial infarction (MI). The post-MI Nkx2.5-eGFP+ cells originated from the embryonic epicardial cells, not from the pre-existing cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, cardiac neural crest cells or perinatal/postnatal epicardial cells. Conclusion: Postnatal Nkx2.5 enhancer-expressing cells are cardiomyogenic progenitor cells and originate from embryonic epicardium-derived cells. Lay abstract: Recent studies report that postnatal mammalian hearts undergo cardiomyocyte refreshment; however, evidence is lacking for the cell origin of the cells involved in postnatal cardiomyogenesis. In this study, we confirmed that Nkx2.5 cardiac progenitor cells existed in the postnatal mouse heart and could differentiate into striated cardiomyocytes both in vitro and in vivo. The developmental origin of these postnatal Nkx2.5 cardiac progenitor cells are from the embryonic epicardial cells.
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36
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Furtado MB, Wilmanns JC, Chandran A, Tonta M, Biben C, Eichenlaub M, Coleman HA, Berger S, Bouveret R, Singh R, Harvey RP, Ramialison M, Pearson JT, Parkington HC, Rosenthal NA, Costa MW. A novel conditional mouse model for Nkx2-5 reveals transcriptional regulation of cardiac ion channels. Differentiation 2016; 91:29-41. [PMID: 26897459 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nkx2-5 is one of the master regulators of cardiac development, homeostasis and disease. This transcription factor has been previously associated with a suite of cardiac congenital malformations and impairment of electrical activity. When disease causative mutations in transcription factors are considered, NKX2-5 gene dysfunction is the most common abnormality found in patients. Here we describe a novel mouse model and subsequent implications of Nkx2-5 loss for aspects of myocardial electrical activity. In this work we have engineered a new Nkx2-5 conditional knockout mouse in which flox sites flank the entire Nkx2-5 locus, and validated this line for the study of heart development, differentiation and disease using a full deletion strategy. While our homozygous knockout mice show typical embryonic malformations previously described for the lack of the Nkx2-5 gene, hearts of heterozygous adult mice show moderate morphological and functional abnormalities that are sufficient to sustain blood supply demands under homeostatic conditions. This study further reveals intriguing aspects of Nkx2-5 function in the control of cardiac electrical activity. Using a combination of mouse genetics, biochemistry, molecular and cell biology, we demonstrate that Nkx2-5 regulates the gene encoding Kcnh2 channel and others, shedding light on potential mechanisms generating electrical abnormalities observed in patients bearing NKX2-5 dysfunction and opening opportunities to the study of novel therapeutic targets for anti-arrhythmogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena B Furtado
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia; The Jackson Laboratory, ME 04609, United States
| | - Julia C Wilmanns
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia; Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anjana Chandran
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Mary Tonta
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Christine Biben
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia
| | - Michael Eichenlaub
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Harold A Coleman
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Silke Berger
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Romaric Bouveret
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Reena Singh
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Mirana Ramialison
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - James T Pearson
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia; Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | | | - Nadia A Rosenthal
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, SW3 6LY England, UK; The Jackson Laboratory, ME 04609, United States
| | - Mauro W Costa
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia; The Jackson Laboratory, ME 04609, United States.
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37
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Kim KH, Rosen A, Hussein SMI, Puviindran V, Korogyi AS, Chiarello C, Nagy A, Hui CC, Backx PH. Irx3 is required for postnatal maturation of the mouse ventricular conduction system. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19197. [PMID: 26786475 PMCID: PMC4726432 DOI: 10.1038/srep19197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ventricular conduction system (VCS) orchestrates the harmonious contraction in every heartbeat. Defects in the VCS are often associated with life-threatening arrhythmias and also promote adverse remodeling in heart disease. We have previously established that the Irx3 homeobox gene regulates rapid electrical propagation in the VCS by modulating the transcription of gap junction proteins Cx40 and Cx43. However, it is unknown whether other factors contribute to the conduction defects observed in Irx3 knockout (Irx3(-/-)) mice. In this study, we show that during the early postnatal period, Irx3(-/-) mice develop morphological defects in the VCS which are temporally dissociated from changes in gap junction expression. These morphological defects were accompanied with progressive changes in the cardiac electrocardiogram including right bundle branch block. Hypoplastic VCS was not associated with increased apoptosis of VCS cardiomyocytes but with a lack of recruitment and maturation of ventricular cardiomyocytes into the VCS. Computational analysis followed by functional verification revealed that Irx3 promotes VCS-enriched transcripts targeted by Nkx2.5 and/or Tbx5. Altogether, these results indicate that, in addition to ensuring the appropriate expression of gap junctional channels in the VCS, Irx3 is necessary for the postnatal maturation of the VCS, possibly via its interactions with Tbx5 and Nkx2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Han Kim
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Anna Rosen
- The Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Samer M. I. Hussein
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center and Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Vijitha Puviindran
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Adam S. Korogyi
- The Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Carmelina Chiarello
- The Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Andras Nagy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Chi-chung Hui
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Peter H. Backx
- The Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre and Division of Cardiology, University Health Network, Toronto ON
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38
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Dupays L, Shang C, Wilson R, Kotecha S, Wood S, Towers N, Mohun T. Sequential Binding of MEIS1 and NKX2-5 on the Popdc2 Gene: A Mechanism for Spatiotemporal Regulation of Enhancers during Cardiogenesis. Cell Rep 2015; 13:183-195. [PMID: 26411676 PMCID: PMC4597108 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The homeobox transcription factors NKX2-5 and MEIS1 are essential for vertebrate heart development and normal physiology of the adult heart. We show that, during cardiac differentiation, the two transcription factors have partially overlapping expression patterns, with the result that as cardiac progenitors from the anterior heart field differentiate and migrate into the cardiac outflow tract, they sequentially experience high levels of MEIS1 and then increasing levels of NKX2-5. Using the Popdc2 gene as an example, we also show that a significant proportion of target genes for NKX2-5 contain a binding motif recognized by NKX2-5, which overlaps with a binding site for MEIS1. Binding of the two factors to such overlapping sites is mutually exclusive, and this provides a simple regulatory mechanism for spatial and temporal synchronization of a common pool of targets between NKX2-5 and MEIS1. NKX2-5 shares a DNA-binding site with MEIS1 MEIS1 and NKX2-5 successively bind a Popdc2 enhancer Successive binding by MEIS1 and NKX2-5 is a general mechanism of regulation NKX2-5 represses fast troponin isoforms in the atria
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Dupays
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, the Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Catherine Shang
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, the Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Robert Wilson
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, the Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Surendra Kotecha
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, the Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Sophie Wood
- Procedural Services Section, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, the Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Norma Towers
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, the Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Timothy Mohun
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, the Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK.
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39
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Chowdhury R, Ashraf H, Melanson M, Tanada Y, Nguyen M, Silberbach M, Wakimoto H, Benson DW, Anderson RH, Kasahara H. Mouse Model of Human Congenital Heart Disease: Progressive Atrioventricular Block Induced by a Heterozygous Nkx2-5 Homeodomain Missense Mutation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2015; 8:1255-64. [PMID: 26226998 DOI: 10.1161/circep.115.002720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterozygous human NKX2-5 homeodomain (DNA-binding domain) missense mutations are highly penetrant for varied congenital heart defects, including progressive atrioventricular (AV) block requiring pacemaker implantation. We recently replicated this genetic defect in a murine knockin model, in which we demonstrated highly penetrant, pleiotropic cardiac anomalies. In this study, we examined postnatal AV conduction in the knockin mice. METHODS AND RESULTS A murine knockin model (Arg52Gly, Nkx2-5(+/R52G)) in a 129/Sv background was analyzed by histopathology, surface, and telemetry ECG, and in vivo electrophysiology studies, comparing with control Nkx2-5(+/+) mice at diverse postnatal stages, ranging from postnatal day 1 (P1) to 17 months. PR prolongation (first degree AV block) was present at 4 weeks, 7 months, and 17 months of age, but not at P1 in the mutant mice. Advanced AV block was also occasionally demonstrated in the mutant mice. Electrophysiology studies showed that AV nodal function and right ventricular effective refractory period were impaired in the mutant mice, whereas sinus nodal function was not affected. AV nodal size was significantly smaller in the mutant mice than their controls at 4 weeks of age, corresponding to the presence of PR prolongation, but not P1, suggesting, at least in part, that the conduction abnormalities are the result of a morphologically atrophic AV node. CONCLUSIONS The highly penetrant and progressive AV block phenotype seen in human heterozygous missense mutations in NKX2-5 homeodomain was replicated in mice by knocking in a comparable missense mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Chowdhury
- From the Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (R.C., H.A., M.M., Y.T., M.N., H.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health Science School, Portland (M.S.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (H.W.); Department of Pediatrics, Herma Heart Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom (R.H.A.)
| | - Hassan Ashraf
- From the Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (R.C., H.A., M.M., Y.T., M.N., H.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health Science School, Portland (M.S.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (H.W.); Department of Pediatrics, Herma Heart Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom (R.H.A.)
| | - Michelle Melanson
- From the Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (R.C., H.A., M.M., Y.T., M.N., H.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health Science School, Portland (M.S.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (H.W.); Department of Pediatrics, Herma Heart Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom (R.H.A.)
| | - Yohei Tanada
- From the Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (R.C., H.A., M.M., Y.T., M.N., H.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health Science School, Portland (M.S.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (H.W.); Department of Pediatrics, Herma Heart Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom (R.H.A.)
| | - Minh Nguyen
- From the Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (R.C., H.A., M.M., Y.T., M.N., H.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health Science School, Portland (M.S.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (H.W.); Department of Pediatrics, Herma Heart Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom (R.H.A.)
| | - Michael Silberbach
- From the Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (R.C., H.A., M.M., Y.T., M.N., H.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health Science School, Portland (M.S.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (H.W.); Department of Pediatrics, Herma Heart Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom (R.H.A.)
| | - Hiroko Wakimoto
- From the Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (R.C., H.A., M.M., Y.T., M.N., H.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health Science School, Portland (M.S.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (H.W.); Department of Pediatrics, Herma Heart Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom (R.H.A.)
| | - D Woodrow Benson
- From the Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (R.C., H.A., M.M., Y.T., M.N., H.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health Science School, Portland (M.S.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (H.W.); Department of Pediatrics, Herma Heart Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom (R.H.A.)
| | - Robert H Anderson
- From the Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (R.C., H.A., M.M., Y.T., M.N., H.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health Science School, Portland (M.S.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (H.W.); Department of Pediatrics, Herma Heart Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom (R.H.A.)
| | - Hideko Kasahara
- From the Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (R.C., H.A., M.M., Y.T., M.N., H.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health Science School, Portland (M.S.); Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (H.W.); Department of Pediatrics, Herma Heart Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom (R.H.A.).
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George V, Colombo S, Targoff KL. An early requirement for nkx2.5 ensures the first and second heart field ventricular identity and cardiac function into adulthood. Dev Biol 2014; 400:10-22. [PMID: 25536398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Temporally controlled mechanisms that define the unique features of ventricular and atrial cardiomyocyte identities are essential for the construction of a coordinated, morphologically intact heart. We have previously demonstrated an important role for nkx genes in maintaining ventricular identity, however, the specific timing of nkx2.5 function in distinct cardiomyocyte populations has yet to be elucidated. Here, we show that heat-shock induction of a novel transgenic line, Tg(hsp70l:nkx2.5-EGFP), during the initial stages of cardiomyocyte differentiation leads to rescue of chamber shape and identity in nkx2.5(-/-) embryos as chambers emerge. Intriguingly, our findings link an early role of this essential cardiac transcription factor with a later function. Moreover, these data reveal that nkx2.5 is also required in the second heart field as the heart tube forms, reflecting the temporal delay in differentiation of this population. Thus, our results support a model in which nkx genes induce downstream targets that are necessary to maintain chamber-specific identity in both early- and late-differentiating cardiomyocytes at discrete stages in cardiac morphogenesis. Furthermore, we show that overexpression of nkx2.5 during the first and second heart field development not only rescues the mutant phenotype, but also is sufficient for proper function of the adult heart. Taken together, these results shed new light on the stage-dependent mechanisms that sculpt chamber-specific cardiomyocytes and, therefore, have the potential to improve in vitro generation of ventricular cells to treat myocardial infarction and congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa George
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Sophie Colombo
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Kimara L Targoff
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA.
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41
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Yuan F, Qiu XB, Li RG, Qu XK, Wang J, Xu YJ, Liu X, Fang WY, Yang YQ, Liao DN. A novel NKX2-5 loss-of-function mutation predisposes to familial dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias. Int J Mol Med 2014; 35:478-86. [PMID: 25503402 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most prevalent type of primary myocardial disease, which is the third most common cause of heart failure and the most frequent reason for heart transplantation. Aggregating evidence demonstrates that genetic risk factors are involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic DCM. Nevertheless, DCM is of remarkable genetic heterogeneity and the genetic defects underpinning DCM in an overwhelming majority of patients remain unknown. In the present study, the whole coding exons and splice junction sites of the NKX2-5 gene, which encodes a homeodomain transcription factor crucial for cardiac development and structural remodeling, were sequenced in 130 unrelated patients with idiopathic DCM. The available relatives of the index patient harboring an identified mutation and 200 unrelated ethnically matched healthy individuals used as controls were genotyped for the NKX2-5 gene. The functional effect of the mutant NKX2-5 was characterized in contrast to its wild-type counterpart using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system. As a result, a novel heterozygous NKX2-5 mutation, p.S146W, was identified in a family with DCM inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, which co-segregated with DCM in the family with complete penetrance. Notably, the mutation carriers also had arrhythmias, such as paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and atrioventricular block. The missense mutation was absent in 400 reference chromosomes and the altered amino acid was completely conserved evolutionarily among species. Functional analysis revealed that the NKX2-5 mutant was associated with a significantly reduced transcriptional activity. The findings expand the mutational spectrum of NKX2-5 linked to DCM and provide novel insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying DCM, contributing to the antenatal prophylaxis and allele-specific management of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Biao Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Ruo-Gu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Kai Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Jia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Yi Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - De-Ning Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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Gladman JT, Yadava RS, Mandal M, Yu Q, Kim YK, Mahadevan MS. NKX2-5, a modifier of skeletal muscle pathology due to RNA toxicity. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:251-64. [PMID: 25168381 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA toxicity is implicated in a number of disorders; especially those associated with expanded repeat sequences, such as myotonic dystrophy (DM1). Previously, we have shown increased NKX2-5 expression in RNA toxicity associated with DM1. Here, we investigate the relationship between NKX2-5 expression and muscle pathology due to RNA toxicity. In skeletal muscle from mice with RNA toxicity and individuals with DM1, expression of Nkx2-5 or NKX2-5 and its downstream targets are significantly correlated with severity of histopathology. Using C2C12 myoblasts, we show that over-expression of NKX2-5 or mutant DMPK 3'UTR results in myogenic differentiation defects, which can be rescued by knockdown of Nkx2-5, despite continued toxic RNA expression. Furthermore, in a mouse model of NKX2-5 over-expression, we find defects in muscle regeneration after induced damage, similar to those seen in mice with RNA toxicity. Using mouse models of Nkx2-5 over-expression and depletion, we find that NKX2-5 levels modify disease phenotypes in mice with RNA toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T Gladman
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ramesh S Yadava
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mahua Mandal
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yun K Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mani S Mahadevan
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Ashraf H, Pradhan L, Chang EI, Terada R, Ryan NJ, Briggs LE, Chowdhury R, Zárate MA, Sugi Y, Nam HJ, Benson DW, Anderson RH, Kasahara H. A mouse model of human congenital heart disease: high incidence of diverse cardiac anomalies and ventricular noncompaction produced by heterozygous Nkx2-5 homeodomain missense mutation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:423-433. [PMID: 25028484 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterozygous human mutations of NKX2-5 are highly penetrant and associated with varied congenital heart defects. The heterozygous knockout of murine Nkx2-5, in contrast, manifests less profound cardiac malformations, with low disease penetrance. We sought to study this apparent discrepancy between human and mouse genetics. Because missense mutations in the NKX2-5 homeodomain (DNA-binding domain) are the most frequently reported type of human mutation, we replicated this genetic defect in a murine knockin model. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated a murine model in a 129/Sv genetic background by knocking-in an Nkx2-5 homeodomain missense mutation previously identified in humans. The mutation was located at homeodomain position 52Arg→Gly (R52G). All the heterozygous neonatal Nkx2-5(+/R52G) mice demonstrated a prominent trabecular layer in the ventricular wall, so called noncompaction, along with diverse cardiac anomalies, including atrioventricular septal defects, Ebstein malformation of the tricuspid valve, and perimembranous and muscular ventricular septal defects. In addition, P10 Nkx2-5(+/R52G) mice demonstrated atrial sepal anomalies, with significant increase in the size of the interatrial communication and fossa ovalis, and decrease in the length of the flap valve compared with control Nkx2-5(+/+) or Nkx2-5(+/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study demonstrate that heterozygous missense mutation in the murine Nkx2-5 homeodomain (R52G) is highly penetrant and result in pleiotropic cardiac effects. Thus, in contrast to heterozygous Nkx2-5 knockout mice, the effects of the heterozygous knockin mimic findings in humans with heterozygous missense mutation in NKX2-5 homeodomain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ashraf
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Lagnajeet Pradhan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, TX 75080
| | - Eileen I Chang
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Ryota Terada
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Nicole J Ryan
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Laura E Briggs
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Rajib Chowdhury
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Miguel A Zárate
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Yukiko Sugi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Hyun-Joo Nam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, TX 75080
| | - D Woodrow Benson
- Department of Pediatrics, Herma Heart Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | | | - Hideko Kasahara
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
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Nakashima Y, Yanez DA, Touma M, Nakano H, Jaroszewicz A, Jordan MC, Pellegrini M, Roos KP, Nakano A. Nkx2-5 suppresses the proliferation of atrial myocytes and conduction system. Circ Res 2014; 114:1103-13. [PMID: 24563458 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.303219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Tight control of cardiomyocyte proliferation is essential for the formation of four-chambered heart. Although human mutation of NKX2-5 is linked to septal defects and atrioventricular conduction abnormalities, early lethality and hemodynamic alteration in the mutant models have caused controversy as to whether Nkx2-5 regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation. OBJECTIVE In this study, we circumvented these limitations by atrial-restricted deletion of Nkx2-5. METHOD AND RESULTS Atrial-specific Nkx2-5 mutants died shortly after birth with hyperplastic working myocytes and conduction system including two nodes and internodal tracts. Multicolor reporter analysis revealed that Nkx2-5-null cardiomyocytes displayed clonal proliferative activity throughout the atria, indicating the suppressive role of Nkx2-5 in cardiomyocyte proliferation after chamber ballooning stages. Transcriptome analysis revealed that aberrant activation of Notch signaling underlies hyperproliferation of mutant cardiomyocytes, and forced activation of Notch signaling recapitulates hyperproliferation of working myocytes but not the conduction system. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data suggest that Nkx2-5 regulates the proliferation of atrial working and conduction myocardium in coordination with Notch pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nakashima
- From the Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology (Y.N., D.A.Y., H.N., A.J., M.P., A.N.), Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Cell and Integrative Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (M.T.), Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research (H.N., M.P., A.N.), Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (M.C.J., K.P.R.), Molecular Biology Institute (M.P.), Institute of Genomics and Proteomics (M.P.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (A.N.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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45
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Heart failure in congenital heart disease: the role of genes and hemodynamics. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:1025-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1447-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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46
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Yu H, Xu JH, Song HM, Zhao L, Xu WJ, Wang J, Li RG, Xu L, Jiang WF, Qiu XB, Jiang JQ, Qu XK, Liu X, Fang WY, Jiang JF, Yang YQ. Mutational spectrum of the NKX2-5 gene in patients with lone atrial fibrillation. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:554-63. [PMID: 24782644 PMCID: PMC4003540 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.8407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of sustained cardiac arrhythmia in humans and is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Emerging evidence indicates that abnormal cardiovascular development is involved in the pathogenesis of AF. In this study, the coding exons and splice sites of the NKX2-5 gene, which encodes a homeodomain-containing transcription factor essential for cardiovascular genesis, were sequenced in 146 unrelated patients with lone AF as well as the available relatives of the mutation carriers. A total of 700 unrelated ethnically matched healthy individuals used as controls were genotyped. The disease-causing potential of the identified NKX2-5 variations was predicted by MutationTaster and PolyPhen-2. The functional characteristics of the mutant NKX2-5 proteins were analyzed using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system. As a result, two heterozygous NKX2-5 mutations, including a previously reported p.E21Q and a novel p.T180A mutation, were identified in two families with AF transmitted in an autosomal dominant pattern. The mutations co-segregated with AF in the families with complete penetrance. The detected substitutions, which altered the amino acids highly conserved evolutionarily across species, were absent in 700 control individuals and were both predicted to be causative. Functional analyses demonstrated that the NKX2-5 mutants were associated with significantly decreased transcriptional activity compared with their wild-type counterpart. The findings expand the spectrum of NKX2-5 mutations linked to AF and provide additional evidence that dysfunctional NKX2-5 may confer vulnerability to AF, suggesting the potential benefit for the early prophylaxis and personalized treatment of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Jia-Hong Xu
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Hao-Ming Song
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lan Zhao
- 2. Department of Cardiology, Yantaishan Hospital, 91 Jiefang Road, Yantai 264001, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Jun Xu
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Juan Wang
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Ruo-Gu Li
- 3. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lei Xu
- 3. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wei-Feng Jiang
- 3. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xing-Biao Qiu
- 3. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jin-Qi Jiang
- 4. Department of Emergency, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xin-Kai Qu
- 3. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xu Liu
- 3. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wei-Yi Fang
- 3. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jin-Fa Jiang
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- 3. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China; ; 5. Department of Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China; ; 6. Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
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From GWAS to function: genetic variation in sodium channel gene enhancer influences electrical patterning. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2013; 24:99-104. [PMID: 24360055 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The electrical activity of the heart depends on the correct interplay between key transcription factors and cis-regulatory elements, which together regulate the proper heterogeneous expression of genes encoding for ion channels and other proteins. Genome-wide association studies of ECG parameters implicated genetic variants in the genes for these factors and ion channels modulating conduction and depolarization. Here, we review recent insights into the regulation of localized expression of ion channel genes and the mechanism by which a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with alterations in cardiac conduction patterns in humans affects the transcriptional regulation of the sodium channel genes, SCN5A and SCN10A. The identification of regulatory elements of electrical activity genes helps to explain the impact of genetic variants in non-coding regulatory DNA sequences on regulation of cardiac conduction and the predisposition for cardiac arrhythmias.
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Transcriptional networks regulating the costamere, sarcomere, and other cytoskeletal structures in striated muscle. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 71:1641-56. [PMID: 24218011 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Structural abnormalities in striated muscle have been observed in numerous transcription factor gain- and loss-of-function phenotypes in animal and cell culture model systems, indicating that transcription is important in regulating the cytoarchitecture. While most characterized cytoarchitectural defects are largely indistinguishable by histological and ultrastructural criteria, analysis of dysregulated gene expression in each mutant phenotype has yielded valuable information regarding specific structural gene programs that may be uniquely controlled by each of these transcription factors. Linking the formation and maintenance of each subcellular structure or subset of proteins within a cytoskeletal compartment to an overlapping but distinct transcription factor cohort may enable striated muscle to control cytoarchitectural function in an efficient and specific manner. Here we summarize the available evidence that connects transcription factors, those with established roles in striated muscle such as MEF2 and SRF, as well as other non-muscle transcription factors, to the regulation of a defined cytoskeletal structure. The notion that genes encoding proteins localized to the same subcellular compartment are coordinately transcriptionally regulated may prompt rationally designed approaches that target specific transcription factor pathways to correct structural defects in muscle disease.
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49
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Poon E, Yan B, Zhang S, Rushing S, Keung W, Ren L, Lieu DK, Geng L, Kong CW, Wang J, Wong HS, Boheler KR, Li RA. Transcriptome-guided functional analyses reveal novel biological properties and regulatory hierarchy of human embryonic stem cell-derived ventricular cardiomyocytes crucial for maturation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77784. [PMID: 24204964 PMCID: PMC3804624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human (h) embryonic stem cells (ESC) represent an unlimited source of cardiomyocytes (CMs); however, these differentiated cells are immature. Thus far, gene profiling studies have been performed with non-purified or non-chamber specific CMs. Here we took a combinatorial approach of using systems biology to guide functional discoveries of novel biological properties of purified hESC-derived ventricular (V) CMs. We profiled the transcriptomes of hESCs, hESC-, fetal (hF) and adult (hA) VCMs, and showed that hESC-VCMs displayed a unique transcriptomic signature. Not only did a detailed comparison between hESC-VCMs and hF-VCMs confirm known expression changes in metabolic and contractile genes, it further revealed novel differences in genes associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, migration and cell cycle, as well as potassium and calcium ion transport. Following these guides, we functionally confirmed that hESC-VCMs expressed IKATP with immature properties, and were accordingly vulnerable to hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis. For mechanistic insights, our coexpression and promoter analyses uncovered a novel transcriptional hierarchy involving select transcription factors (GATA4, HAND1, NKX2.5, PPARGC1A and TCF8), and genes involved in contraction, calcium homeostasis and metabolism. These data highlight novel expression and functional differences between hESC-VCMs and their fetal counterparts, and offer insights into the underlying cell developmental state. These findings may lead to mechanism-based methods for in vitro driven maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Poon
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shaohong Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Computer Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Stephanie Rushing
- Center of Cardiovascular Research, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York,
New York, United States of America
| | - Wendy Keung
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Lihuan Ren
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Deborah K. Lieu
- Center of Cardiovascular Research, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York,
New York, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Lin Geng
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Wing Kong
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiaxian Wang
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, China
- Center of Cardiovascular Research, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York,
New York, United States of America
| | - Hau San Wong
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth R. Boheler
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ronald A. Li
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, China
- Center of Cardiovascular Research, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York,
New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Brody MJ, Cho E, Mysliwiec MR, Kim TG, Carlson CD, Lee KH, Lee Y. Lrrc10 is a novel cardiac-specific target gene of Nkx2-5 and GATA4. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 62:237-46. [PMID: 23751912 PMCID: PMC3940241 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac gene expression is precisely regulated and its perturbation causes developmental defects and heart disease. Leucine-rich repeat containing 10 (Lrrc10) is a cardiac-specific factor that is crucial for proper cardiac development and deletion of Lrrc10 in mice results in dilated cardiomyopathy. However, the mechanisms regulating Lrrc10 expression in cardiomyocytes remain unknown. Therefore, we set out to determine trans-acting factors and cis-elements critical for mediating Lrrc10 expression. We identify Lrrc10 as a transcriptional target of Nkx2-5 and GATA4. The Lrrc10 promoter region contains two highly conserved cardiac regulatory elements, which are functional in cardiomyocytes but not in fibroblasts. In vivo, Nkx2-5 and GATA4 endogenously occupy the proximal and distal cardiac regulatory elements of Lrrc10 in the heart. Moreover, embryonic hearts of Nkx2-5 knockout mice have dramatically reduced expression of Lrrc10. These data demonstrate the importance of Nkx2-5 and GATA4 in regulation of Lrrc10 expression in vivo. The proximal cardiac regulatory element located at around -200bp is synergistically activated by Nkx2-5 and GATA4 while the distal cardiac regulatory element present around -3kb requires SRF in addition to Nkx2-5 and GATA4 for synergistic activation. Mutational analyses identify a pair of adjacent Nkx2-5 and GATA binding sites within the proximal cardiac regulatory element that are necessary to induce expression of Lrrc10. In contrast, only the GATA site is functional in the distal regulatory element. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the transcription factors Nkx2-5 and GATA4 cooperatively regulate cardiac-specific expression of Lrrc10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Brody
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Eunjin Cho
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Matthew R. Mysliwiec
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Tae-gyun Kim
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Clayton D. Carlson
- Department of Biochemistry and the Genome Center of Wisconsin, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kyu-Ho Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Hospital, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
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