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Gao Y, Ma B, Li Y, Wu X, Zhao S, Guo H, Wang Y, Sun L, Xie J. Haspin balances the ratio of asymmetric cell division through Wnt5a and regulates cell fate decisions in mouse embryonic stem cells. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:307. [PMID: 37612272 PMCID: PMC10447528 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01604-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Many different types of stem cells utilize asymmetric cell division (ACD) to produce two daughter cells with distinct fates. Haspin-catalyzed phosphorylation of histone H3 at Thr3 (H3T3ph) plays important roles during mitosis, including ACD in stem cells. However, whether and how Haspin functions in ACD regulation remains unclear. Here, we report that Haspin knockout (Haspin-KO) mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) had increased ratio of ACD, which cumulatively regulates cell fate decisions. Furthermore, Wnt5a is significantly downregulated due to decreased Pax2 in Haspin-KO mESCs. Wnt5a knockdown mESCs phenocopied Haspin-KO cells while overexpression of Wnt5a in Haspin-KO cells rescued disproportionated ACD. Collectively, Haspin is indispensable for mESCs to maintain a balanced ratio of ACD, which is essential for normal development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Gao
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Yifan Li
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiangyu Wu
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shifeng Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Huiping Guo
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lihua Sun
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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2
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Yang M, Yang C, Ma D, Li Z, Zhao W, Yang D. Single-cell analysis reveals cellular reprogramming in advanced colon cancer following FOLFOX-bevacizumab treatment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1219642. [PMID: 37576892 PMCID: PMC10421721 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1219642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The combination of FOLFOX and bevacizumab (FOLFOX-Bev) is a promising treatment for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the response of the tumor microenvironment to FOLFOX-Bev is still largely unexplored. Methods We conducted single-cell transcriptomic analysis of CRC samples derived from a patient before and after treatment to gain insights into the cellular changes associated with FOLFOX-Bev treatment. Results We found that cancer cells with high proliferative, metastatic, and pro-angiogenic properties respond better to FOLFOX-Bev treatment. Moreover, FOLFOX-Bev enhances CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity, thereby boosting the anti-tumor immune response. Conversely, FOLFOX-Bev impairs the functionality of tumor-associated macrophages, plasma cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts, leading to a decrease in VEGFB-mediated angiogenesis. Furthermore, FOLFOX-Bev treatment reset intercellular communication, which could potentially affect the function of non-cancer cells. Discussion Our findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of advanced CRC to FOLFOX-Bev treatment and highlight potential targets for improving the efficacy of this treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Yang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ciqiu Yang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Ma
- Medical Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatrics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongyang Yang
- Medical Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Jezierski A, Huang J, Haqqani AS, Haukenfrers J, Liu Z, Baumann E, Sodja C, Charlebois C, Delaney CE, Star AT, Liu Q, Stanimirovic DB. Mouse embryonic stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier model: applicability to studying antibody triggered receptor mediated transcytosis. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:36. [PMID: 37237379 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood brain barrier (BBB) models in vitro are an important tool to aid in the pre-clinical evaluation and selection of BBB-crossing therapeutics. Stem cell derived BBB models have recently demonstrated a substantial advantage over primary and immortalized brain endothelial cells (BECs) for BBB modeling. Coupled with recent discoveries highlighting significant species differences in the expression and function of key BBB transporters, the field is in need of robust, species-specific BBB models for improved translational predictability. We have developed a mouse BBB model, composed of mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC-D3)-derived brain endothelial-like cells (mBECs), employing a directed monolayer differentiation strategy. Although the mBECs showed a mixed endothelial-epithelial phenotype, they exhibited high transendothelial electrical resistance, inducible by retinoic acid treatment up to 400 Ω cm2. This tight cell barrier resulted in restricted sodium fluorescein permeability (1.7 × 10-5 cm/min), significantly lower than that of bEnd.3 cells (1.02 × 10-3 cm/min) and comparable to human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived BECs (2.0 × 10-5 cm/min). The mBECs expressed tight junction proteins, polarized and functional P-gp efflux transporter and receptor mediated transcytosis (RMT) receptors; collectively important criteria for studying barrier regulation and drug delivery applications in the CNS. In this study, we compared transport of a panel of antibodies binding species selective or cross-reactive epitopes on BBB RMT receptors in both the mBEC and human iPSC-derived BEC model, to demonstrate discrimination of species-specific BBB transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jezierski
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Jez Huang
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Arsalan S Haqqani
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Julie Haukenfrers
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ziying Liu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ewa Baumann
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Caroline Sodja
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Claudie Charlebois
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Christie E Delaney
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alexandra T Star
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Qing Liu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Danica B Stanimirovic
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
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Zhang L, Zhang SS, Wang KF, Li YH, Xu HJ, Sun KX, Ma S, Leng HM, Chen SZ, Jia WJ, Zhu XJ, Li J. Overexpression of Twist1 in vascular endothelial cells promotes pathological retinal angiogenesis in mice. Zool Res 2022; 43:64-74. [PMID: 34845879 PMCID: PMC8743260 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal angiogenesis is a critical process for normal retinal function. However, uncontrolled angiogenesis can lead to pathological neovascularization (NV), which is closely related to most irreversible blindness-causing retinal diseases. Understanding the molecular basis behind pathological NV is important for the treatment of related diseases. Twist-related protein 1 (TWIST1) is a well-known transcription factor and principal inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in many human cancers. Our previous study showed that Twist1 expression is elevated in pathological retinal NV. To date, however, the role of TWIST1 in retinal pathological angiogenesis remains to be elucidated. To study the role of TWIST1 in pathological retinal NV and identify specific molecular targets for antagonizing pathological NV, we generated an inducible vascular endothelial cell (EC)-specific Twist1 transgenic mouse model ( Tg-Twist1 iEC+ ). Whole-mount retinas from Tg-Twist1 iEC+ mice showed retarded vascular progression and increased vascular density in the front end of the growing retinal vasculature, as well as aneurysm-like pathological retinal NV. Furthermore, overexpression of Twist1 in the ECs promoted cell proliferation but disturbed cell polarity, thus leading to uncontrolled retinal angiogenesis. TWIST1 promoted pathological NV by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and inducing the expression of NV formation-related genes, thereby acting as a 'valve' in the regulation of pathological angiogenesis. This study identified the critical role of TWIST1 in retinal pathological NV, thus providing a potential therapeutic target for pathological NV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Kai-Fang Wang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Yi-Hui Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Hui-Juan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Kuan-Xiang Sun
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Shi Ma
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Hong-Mei Leng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Si-Zhu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Wen-Jing Jia
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xian-Jun Zhu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China. E-mail:
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Dong S, Chen Z, Wang L, Liu Y, Stagos D, Lin X, Liu M. Marine Bromophenol Bis(2,3,6-Tribromo-4,5-Dihydroxybenzyl)ether Inhibits Angiogenesis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells and Reduces Vasculogenic Mimicry in Human Lung Cancer A549 Cells. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:641. [PMID: 34822512 PMCID: PMC8617710 DOI: 10.3390/md19110641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, including the growth of new capillary blood vessels from existing ones and the malignant tumors cells formed vasculogenic mimicry, is quite important for the tumor metastasis. Anti-angiogenesis is one of the significant therapies in tumor treatment, while the clinical angiogenesis inhibitors usually exhibit endothelial cells dysfunction and drug resistance. Bis(2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl)ether (BTDE), a marine algae-derived bromophenol compound, has shown various biological activities, however, its anti-angiogenesis function remains unknown. The present study illustrated that BTDE had anti-angiogenesis effect in vitro through inhibiting human umbilical vein endothelial cells migration, invasion, tube formation, and the activity of matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9), and in vivo BTDE also blocked intersegmental vessel formation in zebrafish embryos. Moreover, BTDE inhibited the migration, invasion, and vasculogenic mimicry formation of lung cancer cell A549. All these results indicated that BTDE could be used as a potential candidate in anti-angiogenesis for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.D.); (Z.C.); (L.W.); (Y.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhongyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.D.); (Z.C.); (L.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.D.); (Z.C.); (L.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yankai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.D.); (Z.C.); (L.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dimitrios Stagos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Xiukun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Jiangyang, Luzhou 646000, China;
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.D.); (Z.C.); (L.W.); (Y.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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6
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Bell IJ, Horn MS, Van Raay TJ. Bridging the gap between non-canonical and canonical Wnt signaling through Vangl2. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 125:37-44. [PMID: 34736823 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-canonical Wnt signaling (encompassing Wnt/PCP and WntCa2+) has a dual identity in the literature. One stream of research investigates its role in antagonizing canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cancer, typically through Ca2+, while the other stream investigates its effect on polarity in development, typically through Vangl2. Rarely do these topics intersect or overlap. What has become clear is that Wnt5a can mobilize intracellular calcium stores to inhibit Wnt/β-catenin in cancer cells but there is no evidence that Vangl2 is involved in this process. Conversely, Wnt5a can independently activate Vangl2 to affect polarity and migration but the role of calcium in this process is also limited. Further, Vangl2 has also been implicated in inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling in development. The consensus is that a cell can differentiate between canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling when presented with a choice, always choosing non-canonical at the expense of canonical Wnt signaling. However, these are rare events in vivo. Given the shared resources between non-canonical and canonical Wnt signaling it is perplexing that there is not more in vivo evidence for cross talk between these two pathways. In this review we discuss the intersection of non-canonical Wnt, with a focus on Wnt/PCP, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in an attempt to shed some light on pathways that rarely meet at a crossroads in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian James Bell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Matthew Sheldon Horn
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Terence John Van Raay
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
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7
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Dual role of WNT5A in promoting endothelial differentiation of glioma stem cells and angiogenesis of glioma derived endothelial cells. Oncogene 2021; 40:5081-5094. [PMID: 34188250 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is a devastating cancer with a rich vascular network. No anti-angiogenic treatment is available for prolonging the overall survival of glioma patients. Recent studies have demonstrated that the endothelial differentiation of glioma stem cells (GSCs) into glioma-derived endothelial cells (GDECs) may be a novel target for anti-angiogenic therapy in glioma; however, the underlying mechanisms of this process remain unknown. Here, we report that wingless-related integration site (WNT) family member 5A (WNT5A) plays significant roles in GSC endothelial differentiation and GDECs angiogenesis. WNT5A is preferentially secreted by GDECs, and inhibition of WNT5A suppresses angiogenesis and tumorigenesis in GDECs. Silencing of WNT5A in GDECs also disrupts the impact of GDECs on stimulating GSC endothelial differentiation. Frizzled-4 is a receptor that mediates the effect of WNT5A on GSC endothelial differentiation and angiogenesis of GDECs via GSK3β/β-catenin/epithelial-mesenchymal transition signalling. The shWNT5A@cRGD-DDD liposomes, targeting WNT5A, exert anti-angiogenic effects in vivo. In this study, we identified that WNT5A has a dual functional role in modulating the endothelial differentiation of GSCs and angiogenesis of GDECs, indicating that WNT5A is a potential target for anti-angiogenesis-based therapeutics in glioma.
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8
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Zhu G, Song J, Chen W, Yuan D, Wang W, Chen X, Liu H, Su H, Zhu J. Expression and Role of Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) in Tumors: From the Cells to the Patients. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:659-675. [PMID: 33536782 PMCID: PMC7847771 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s275172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) is a secretory antagonist of the classical Wnt signaling pathway. Many studies have reported that Dkk1 is abnormally expressed in tumor cells, and abnormal expression of Dkk1 can inhibit cell proliferation or induce apoptosis through pro-apoptotic factors, However, due to the differences in tumor environment and the complex regulatory mechanisms in different tumors, Dkk1 has different effects on the progression of different tumors. In many tumors, high expression of Dkk1 may promote tumor metastasis. However, Dkk1, which is highly expressed in other tumors, can inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis. More and more evidence shows that Dkk1 plays a complex and different role in tumor occurrence, development and metastasis in different tumor environments and through a variety of complex regulatory mechanisms. Therefore, Dkk1 may not only be a useful biomarker of metastasis, but also a target for studying the metabolic mechanism of tumor cells and treating tumors in many tumor types. Therefore, this article reviews the research progress on the expression, mechanism and function of Dkk1 in different tumors, and at the same time, based on the public database data, we made a further analysis of the expression of Dkk1 in different tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Zhu
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jukun Song
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Chen
- Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongbo Yuan
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hen Liu
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China.,Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China.,Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, People's Republic of China.,Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province 563000, People's Republic of China
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9
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Lingappan K, Savani RC. The Wnt Signaling Pathway and the Development of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:1174-1176. [PMID: 32101467 PMCID: PMC7233338 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202002-0277ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Lingappan
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texasand
| | - Rashmin C Savani
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, Texas
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10
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Fathi Maroufi N, Taefehshokr S, Rashidi MR, Taefehshokr N, Khoshakhlagh M, Isazadeh A, Mokarizadeh N, Baradaran B, Nouri M. Vascular mimicry: changing the therapeutic paradigms in cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4749-4765. [PMID: 32424524 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major problem in the health system, and despite many efforts to effectively treat it, none has yet been fully successful. Angiogenesis and metastasis are considered as major challenges in the treatment of various cancers. Researchers have struggled to succeed with anti-angiogenesis drugs for the effective treatment of cancer, although new challenges have emerged in the treatment with the emergence of resistance to anti-angiogenesis and anti-metastatic drugs. Numerous studies have shown that different cancers can resist anti-angiogenesis drugs in a new process called vascular mimicry (VM). The studies have revealed that cells resistant to anti-angiogenesis cancer therapies are more capable of forming VMs in the in vivo and in vitro environment, although there is a link between the presence of VM and poor clinical outcomes. Given the importance of the VM in the challenges facing cancer treatment, researchers are trying to identify factors that prevent the formation of these structures. In this review article, it is attempted to provide a comprehensive overview of the molecules and main signaling pathways involved in VM phenomena, as well as the agents currently being identified as anti-VM and the role of VM in response to treatment and prognosis of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Fathi Maroufi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sina Taefehshokr
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Rashidi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Taefehshokr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mahdieh Khoshakhlagh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Isazadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narmin Mokarizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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11
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Doyle MJ, Magli A, Estharabadi N, Amundsen D, Mills LJ, Martin CM. Sox7 Regulates Lineage Decisions in Cardiovascular Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1089-1103. [PMID: 31154937 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Specification of the mesodermal lineages requires a complex set of morphogenetic events orchestrated by interconnected signaling pathways and gene regulatory networks. The transcription factor Sox7 has critical functions in differentiation of multiple mesodermal lineages, including cardiac, endothelial, and hematopoietic. Using a doxycycline-inducible mouse embryonic stem cell line, we have previously shown that expression of Sox7 in cardiovascular progenitor cells promotes expansion of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). In this study, we show that the ability of Sox7 to promote endothelial cell fate occurs at the expense of the cardiac lineage. Using ChIP-Seq coupled with ATAC-Seq we identify downstream target genes of Sox7 in cardiovascular progenitor cells and by integrating these data with transcriptomic analyses, we define Sox7-dependent gene programs specific to cardiac and EPCs. Furthermore, we demonstrate a protein-protein interaction between SOX7 and GATA4 and provide evidence that SOX7 interferes with the transcriptional activity of GATA4 on cardiac genes. In addition, we show that Sox7 modulates WNT and BMP signaling during cardiovascular differentiation. Our data represent the first genome-wide analysis of Sox7 function and reveal a critical role for Sox7 in regulating signaling pathways that affect cardiovascular progenitor cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J Doyle
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,2Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Alessandro Magli
- 2Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,3Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Nima Estharabadi
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,2Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Danielle Amundsen
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,2Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lauren J Mills
- 4Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Cindy M Martin
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,2Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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12
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Lutze G, Haarmann A, Demanou Toukam JA, Buttler K, Wilting J, Becker J. Non-canonical WNT-signaling controls differentiation of lymphatics and extension lymphangiogenesis via RAC and JNK signaling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4739. [PMID: 30894622 PMCID: PMC6426866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of lymphatics takes place during embryogenesis, wound healing, inflammation, and cancer. We previously showed that Wnt5a is an essential regulator of lymphatic development in the dermis of mice, however, the mechanisms of action remained unclear. Here, whole-mount immunostaining shows that embryonic day (ED) 18.5 Wnt5a-null mice possess non-functional, cyst-like and often blood-filled lymphatics, in contrast to slender, interconnected lymphatic networks of Wnt5a+/- and wild-type (wt) mice. We then compared lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) proliferation during ED 12.5, 14.5, 16.5 and 18.5 between Wnt5a-/-, Wnt5a+/- and wt-mice. We did not observe any differences, clearly showing that Wnt5a acts independently of proliferation. Transmission electron microscopy revealed multiple defects of LECs in Wnt5a-null mice, such as malformed inter-endothelial junctions, ruffled cell membrane, intra-luminal bulging of nuclei and cytoplasmic processes. Application of WNT5A protein to ex vivo cultures of dorsal thoracic dermis from ED 15.5 Wnt5a-null mice induced flow-independent development of slender, elongated lymphatic networks after 2 days, in contrast to controls showing an immature lymphatic plexus. Reversely, the application of the WNT-secretion inhibitor LGK974 on ED 15.5 wt-mouse dermis significantly prevented lymphatic network elongation. Correspondingly, tube formation assays with human dermal LECs in vitro revealed increased tube length after WNT5A application. To study the intracellular signaling of WNT5A we used LEC scratch assays. Thereby, inhibition of autocrine WNTs suppressed horizontal migration, whereas application of WNT5A to inhibitor-treated LECs promoted migration. Inhibition of the RHO-GTPase RAC, or the c-Jun N-terminal kinase JNK significantly reduced migration, whereas inhibitors of the protein kinase ROCK did not. WNT5A induced transient phosphorylation of JNK in LECs, which could be inhibited by RAC- and JNK-inhibitors. Our data show that WNT5A induces formation of elongated lymphatic networks through proliferation-independent WNT-signaling via RAC and JNK. Non-canonical WNT-signaling is a major mechanism of extension lymphangiogenesis, and also controls differentiation of lymphatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grit Lutze
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Haarmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jules A Demanou Toukam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Buttler
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Wilting
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Becker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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13
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Ou H, Chen Z, Xiang L, Fang Y, Xu Y, Liu Q, Hu Z, Li X, Huang Y, Yang D. Frizzled 2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition correlates with vasculogenic mimicry, stemness, and Hippo signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:1169-1182. [PMID: 30677195 PMCID: PMC6447835 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior observation has indicated that Frizzled 2 (FZD2)‐induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) could be a key step in metastasis and early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism underlying tumor development and progression due to aberrant FZD2 expression is poorly defined. Here, we provide evidence that FZD2 is a driver for EMT, cancer stem cell properties, and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) in HCC. We found that FZD2 was highly expressed in two cohorts of Chinese hepatitis B virus‐related HCC patients, and that high FZD2 expression was associated with poor prognosis. Concerning the mechanism, gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments showed the oncogenic action of FZD2 in HCC cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Further investigations in vitro and in vivo suggested that FZD2 promotes the EMT process, enhances stem‐like properties, and confers VM capacity to HCC cells. Notably, integrative RNA sequencing analysis of FZD2‐knockdown cells indicated the enrichment of Hippo signaling pathway. Taken together, our data suggest for the first time that FZD2 could promote clinically relevant EMT, CD44+ stem‐like properties, and the VM phenotype in HCC involving a potential Hippo signaling pathway‐dependent mechanism, and should be considered as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huohui Ou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanjun Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leyang Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghao Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianghong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dinghua Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Dorsey TB, Kim D, Grath A, James D, Dai G. Multivalent biomaterial platform to control the distinct arterial venous differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Biomaterials 2018; 185:1-12. [PMID: 30216805 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) differentiated from pluripotent stem cells have enormous potential to be used in a variety of therapeutic areas such as tissue engineering of vascular grafts and re-vascularization of ischemic tissues. To date, various protocols have been developed to differentiate stem cells toward vascular ECs. However, current methods are still not sufficient to drive the distinct arterial venous differentiation. Therefore, developing refined method of arterial-venous differentiation is critically needed to address this gap. Here, we developed a biomaterial platform to mimic multivalent ephrin-B2/EphB4 signaling and investigated its role in the early arterial and venous specification of pluripotent stem cells. Our results show immobilized ephrinB2 or EphB4 on hydrogel substrates have a distinct effect on arterial venous differentiation by regulating several arterial venous markers. When in combination with Wnt pathway agonist or BMP4 signaling, the ephrin-B2/EphB4 biomaterial platform can create diverging EC progenitor populations, demonstrating differential gene expression pattern across a wide range of arterial and venous markers, as well as phenotypic markers such as anti-thrombotic, pro-atherogenic and osteogenic genes, that are consistent with the in vivo expression patterns of arterial and venous ECs. Importantly, this distinct EC progenitor population cannot be achieved by current methods of applying soluble factors or hemodynamic stimuli alone, illustrating that fine-tuning of developmental signals using the biomaterial platform offers a new approach to better control the arterial venous differentiation of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Dorsey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY 12180, United States; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, 1623 15th, St, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Diana Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY 12180, United States; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, 1623 15th, St, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Alexander Grath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY 12180, United States; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, 1623 15th, St, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Daylon James
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, United States
| | - Guohao Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY 12180, United States; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, 1623 15th, St, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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15
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Inside the Endometrial Cell Signaling Subway: Mind the Gap(s). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092477. [PMID: 30134622 PMCID: PMC6164241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cells perceive and respond to their microenvironment forming the basis of endometrial homeostasis. Errors in endometrial cell signaling are responsible for a wide spectrum of endometrial pathologies ranging from infertility to cancer. Intensive research over the years has been decoding the sophisticated molecular means by which endometrial cells communicate to each other and with the embryo. The objective of this review is to provide the scientific community with the first overview of key endometrial cell signaling pathways operating throughout the menstrual cycle. On this basis, a comprehensive and critical assessment of the literature was performed to provide the tools for the authorship of this narrative review summarizing the pivotal components and signaling cascades operating during seven endometrial cell fate “routes”: proliferation, decidualization, implantation, migration, breakdown, regeneration, and angiogenesis. Albeit schematically presented as separate transit routes in a subway network and narrated in a distinct fashion, the majority of the time these routes overlap or occur simultaneously within endometrial cells. This review facilitates identification of novel trajectories of research in endometrial cellular communication and signaling. The meticulous study of endometrial signaling pathways potentiates both the discovery of novel therapeutic targets to tackle disease and vanguard fertility approaches.
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16
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Rico-Varela J, Ho D, Wan LQ. In Vitro Microscale Models for Embryogenesis. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2018; 2:1700235. [PMID: 30533517 PMCID: PMC6286056 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Embryogenesis is a highly regulated developmental process requiring complex mechanical and biochemical microenvironments to give rise to a fully developed and functional embryo. Significant efforts have been taken to recapitulate specific features of embryogenesis by presenting the cells with developmentally relevant signals. The outcomes, however, are limited partly due to the complexity of this biological process. Microtechnologies such as micropatterned and microfluidic systems, along with new emerging embryonic stem cell-based models, could potentially serve as powerful tools to study embryogenesis. The aim of this article is to review major studies involving the culturing of pluripotent stem cells using different geometrical patterns, microfluidic platforms, and embryo/embryoid body-on-a-chip modalities. Indeed, new research opportunities have emerged for establishing in vitro culture for studying human embryogenesis and for high-throughput pharmacological testing platforms and disease models to prevent defects in early stages of human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Rico-Varela
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy NY 12180
| | - Dominic Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy NY 12180
| | - Leo Q. Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy NY 12180
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy NY 12180
- Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy NY 12180
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17
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Lu W, Li X. Vascular stem/progenitor cells: functions and signaling pathways. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:859-869. [PMID: 28956069 PMCID: PMC11105279 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular stem/progenitor cells (VSCs) are an important source of all types of vascular cells needed to build, maintain, repair, and remodel blood vessels. VSCs, therefore, play critical roles in the development, normal physiology, and pathophysiology of numerous diseases. There are four major types of VSCs, including endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), smooth muscle progenitor cells (SMPCs), pericytes, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). VSCs can be found in bone marrow, circulating blood, vessel walls, and other extravascular tissues. During the past two decades, considerable progress has been achieved in the understanding of the derivation, surface markers, and differentiation of VSCs. Yet, the mechanisms regulating their functions and maintenance under normal and pathological conditions, such as in eye diseases, remain to be further elucidated. Owing to the essential roles of blood vessels in human tissues and organs, understanding the functional properties and the underlying molecular basis of VSCs is of critical importance for both basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisi Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuri Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Mehta S, Lo Cascio C. Developmentally regulated signaling pathways in glioma invasion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:385-402. [PMID: 28821904 PMCID: PMC5765207 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common, infiltrative, and lethal primary brain tumors affecting the adult population. The grim prognosis for this disease is due to a combination of the presence of highly invasive tumor cells that escape surgical resection and the presence of a population of therapy-resistant cancer stem cells found within these tumors. Several studies suggest that glioma cells have cleverly hijacked the normal developmental program of neural progenitor cells, including their transcriptional programs, to enhance gliomagenesis. In this review, we summarize the role of developmentally regulated signaling pathways that have been found to facilitate glioma growth and invasion. Furthermore, we discuss how the microenvironment and treatment-induced perturbations of these highly interconnected signaling networks can trigger a shift in cellular phenotype and tumor subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwetal Mehta
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
| | - Costanza Lo Cascio
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
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19
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Foulquier S, Daskalopoulos EP, Lluri G, Hermans KCM, Deb A, Blankesteijn WM. WNT Signaling in Cardiac and Vascular Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2018; 70:68-141. [PMID: 29247129 PMCID: PMC6040091 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.013896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
WNT signaling is an elaborate and complex collection of signal transduction pathways mediated by multiple signaling molecules. WNT signaling is critically important for developmental processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation and tissue patterning. Little WNT signaling activity is present in the cardiovascular system of healthy adults, but reactivation of the pathway is observed in many pathologies of heart and blood vessels. The high prevalence of these pathologies and their significant contribution to human disease burden has raised interest in WNT signaling as a potential target for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we first will focus on the constituents of the pathway and their regulation and the different signaling routes. Subsequently, the role of WNT signaling in cardiovascular development is addressed, followed by a detailed discussion of its involvement in vascular and cardiac disease. After highlighting the crosstalk between WNT, transforming growth factor-β and angiotensin II signaling, and the emerging role of WNT signaling in the regulation of stem cells, we provide an overview of drugs targeting the pathway at different levels. From the combined studies we conclude that, despite the sometimes conflicting experimental data, a general picture is emerging that excessive stimulation of WNT signaling adversely affects cardiovascular pathology. The rapidly increasing collection of drugs interfering at different levels of WNT signaling will allow the evaluation of therapeutic interventions in the pathway in relevant animal models of cardiovascular diseases and eventually in patients in the near future, translating the outcomes of the many preclinical studies into a clinically relevant context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Foulquier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - Evangelos P Daskalopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - Gentian Lluri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - Kevin C M Hermans
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - Arjun Deb
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - W Matthijs Blankesteijn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
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20
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Senescence-associated reprogramming promotes cancer stemness. Nature 2017; 553:96-100. [DOI: 10.1038/nature25167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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21
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Han JW, Gurunathan S, Choi YJ, Kim JH. Dual functions of silver nanoparticles in F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells, a suitable model for evaluating cytotoxicity- and differentiation-mediated cancer therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7529-7549. [PMID: 29066898 PMCID: PMC5644540 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s145147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit strong antibacterial and anticancer activity owing to their large surface-to-volume ratios and crystallographic surface structure. Owing to their various applications, understanding the mechanisms of action, biological interactions, potential toxicity, and beneficial effects of AgNPs is important. Here, we investigated the toxicity and differentiation-inducing effects of AgNPs in teratocarcinoma stem cells. Materials and methods AgNPs were synthesized and characterized using various analytical techniques such as UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The cellular responses of AgNPs were analyzed by a series of cellular and biochemical assays. Gene and protein expressions were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. Results The AgNPs showed typical crystalline structures and spherical shapes (average size =20 nm). High concentration of AgNPs induced cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner by increasing lactate dehydrogenase leakage and reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, AgNPs caused mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA fragmentation, increased expression of apoptotic genes, and decreased expression of antiapoptotic genes. Lower concentrations of AgNPs induced neuronal differentiation by increasing the expression of differentiation markers and decreasing the expression of stem cell markers. Cisplatin reduced the viability of F9 cells that underwent AgNPs-induced differentiation. Conclusion The results showed that AgNPs caused differentially regulated cytotoxicity and induced neuronal differentiation of F9 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, AgNPs can be used for differentiation therapy, along with chemotherapeutic agents, for improving cancer treatment by targeting specific chemotherapy-resistant cells within a tumor. Furthermore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and differentiation in stem cells could also help in developing new strategies for cancer stem cell (CSC) therapies. The findings of this study could significantly contribute to the nanomedicine because this study is the first of its kind, and our results will lead to new strategies for cancer and CSC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woong Han
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Muley A, Odaka Y, Lewkowich IP, Vemaraju S, Yamaguchi TP, Shawber C, Dickie BH, Lang RA. Myeloid Wnt ligands are required for normal development of dermal lymphatic vasculature. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181549. [PMID: 28846685 PMCID: PMC5573294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident tissue myeloid cells play a role in many aspects of physiology including development of the vascular systems. In the blood vasculature, myeloid cells use VEGFC to promote angiogenesis and can use Wnt ligands to control vascular branching and to promote vascular regression. Here we show that myeloid cells also regulate development of the dermal lymphatic vasculature using Wnt ligands. Using myeloid-specific deletion of the WNT transporter Wntless we show that myeloid Wnt ligands are active at two distinct stages of development of the dermal lymphatics. As lymphatic progenitors are emigrating from the cardinal vein and intersomitic vessels, myeloid Wnt ligands regulate both their numbers and migration distance. Later in lymphatic development, myeloid Wnt ligands regulate proliferation of lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) and thus control lymphatic vessel caliber. Myeloid-specific deletion of WNT co-receptor Lrp5 or Wnt5a gain-of-function also produce elevated caliber in dermal lymphatic capillaries. These data thus suggest that myeloid cells produce Wnt ligands to regulate lymphatic development and use Wnt pathway co-receptors to regulate the balance of Wnt ligand activity during the macrophage-LEC interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Muley
- Department of OB-GYN, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Yoshi Odaka
- Visual Systems Group, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ian P. Lewkowich
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Shruti Vemaraju
- Visual Systems Group, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Terry P. Yamaguchi
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carrie Shawber
- Department of OB-GYN, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Belinda H. Dickie
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RAL); (BHD)
| | - Richard A. Lang
- Visual Systems Group, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Chronobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RAL); (BHD)
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23
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Shi YN, Zhu N, Liu C, Wu HT, Gui Y, Liao DF, Qin L. Wnt5a and its signaling pathway in angiogenesis. Clin Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Choi PJ, Oh S, Liew H. Effect of SKL2001 on the neuronal survival mechanism in Parkinson’s disease. Mol Cell Toxicol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-017-0017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Lee S, Elaskandrany M, Lau LF, Lazzaro D, Grant MB, Chaqour B. Interplay between CCN1 and Wnt5a in endothelial cells and pericytes determines the angiogenic outcome in a model of ischemic retinopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1405. [PMID: 28469167 PMCID: PMC5431199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CYR61-CTGF-NOV (CCN)1 is a dynamically expressed extracellular matrix (ECM) protein with critical functions in cardiovascular development and tissue repair. Angiogenic endothelial cells (ECs) are a major cellular source of CCN1 which, once secreted, associates with the ECM and the cell surface and tightly controls the bidirectional flow of information between cells and the surrounding matrix. Endothelium-specific CCN1 deletion in mice using a cre/lox strategy induces EC hyperplasia and causes blood vessels to coalesce into large flat hyperplastic sinuses with no distinctive hierarchical organization. This is consistent with the role of CCN1 as a negative feedback regulator of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor activation. In the mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), pericytes become the predominant CCN1 producing cells. Pericyte-specific deletion of CCN1 significantly decreases pathological retinal neovascularization following OIR. CCN1 induces the expression of the non-canonical Wnt5a in pericyte but not in EC cultures. In turn, exogenous Wnt5a inhibits CCN1 gene expression, induces EC proliferation and increases hypersprouting. Concordantly, treatment of mice with TNP470, a non-canonical Wnt5a inhibitor, reestablishes endothelial expression of CCN1 and significantly decreases pathological neovascular growth in OIR. Our data highlight the significance of CCN1-EC and CCN1-pericyte communication signals in driving physiological and pathological angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmi Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Medical Center, College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Menna Elaskandrany
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Medical Center, College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Lester F Lau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Douglas Lazzaro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Maria B Grant
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Brahim Chaqour
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Medical Center, College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
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26
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Hu B, Wang Q, Wang YA, Hua S, Sauvé CEG, Ong D, Lan ZD, Chang Q, Ho YW, Monasterio MM, Lu X, Zhong Y, Zhang J, Deng P, Tan Z, Wang G, Liao WT, Corley LJ, Yan H, Zhang J, You Y, Liu N, Cai L, Finocchiaro G, Phillips JJ, Berger MS, Spring DJ, Hu J, Sulman EP, Fuller GN, Chin L, Verhaak RGW, DePinho RA. Epigenetic Activation of WNT5A Drives Glioblastoma Stem Cell Differentiation and Invasive Growth. Cell 2017; 167:1281-1295.e18. [PMID: 27863244 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are implicated in tumor neovascularization, invasiveness, and therapeutic resistance. To illuminate mechanisms governing these hallmark features, we developed a de novo glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) model derived from immortalized human neural stem/progenitor cells (hNSCs) to enable precise system-level comparisons of pre-malignant and oncogene-induced malignant states of NSCs. Integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses uncovered a PAX6/DLX5 transcriptional program driving WNT5A-mediated GSC differentiation into endothelial-like cells (GdECs). GdECs recruit existing endothelial cells to promote peritumoral satellite lesions, which serve as a niche supporting the growth of invasive glioma cells away from the primary tumor. Clinical data reveal higher WNT5A and GdECs expression in peritumoral and recurrent GBMs relative to matched intratumoral and primary GBMs, respectively, supporting WNT5A-mediated GSC differentiation and invasive growth in disease recurrence. Thus, the PAX6/DLX5-WNT5A axis governs the diffuse spread of glioma cells throughout the brain parenchyma, contributing to the lethality of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoli Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qianghu Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Y Alan Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Sujun Hua
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Derrick Ong
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zheng D Lan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yan Wing Ho
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marta Moreno Monasterio
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pingna Deng
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhi Tan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guocan Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wen-Ting Liao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lynda J Corley
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haiyan Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yongping You
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Linbo Cai
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou 510510, China
| | - Gaetano Finocchiaro
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Departments of Neurological Surgery and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mitchel S Berger
- Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Denise J Spring
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Erik P Sulman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gregory N Fuller
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lynda Chin
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roeland G W Verhaak
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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27
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Yao L, Zhang D, Zhao X, Sun B, Liu Y, Gu Q, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Che N, Zheng Y, Liu F, Wang Y, Meng J. Dickkopf-1-promoted vasculogenic mimicry in non-small cell lung cancer is associated with EMT and development of a cancer stem-like cell phenotype. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1673-85. [PMID: 27240974 PMCID: PMC4988283 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To characterize the contributions of Dickkopf‐1 (DKK1) towards the induction of vasculogenic mimicry (VM) in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we evaluated cohorts of primary tumours, performed in vitro functional studies and generated xenograft mouse models. Vasculogenic mimicry was observed in 28 of 205 NSCLC tumours, while DKK1 was detected in 133 cases. Notably, DKK1 was positively associated with VM. Statistical analysis showed that VM and DKK1 were both related to aggressive clinical course and thus were indicators of a poor prognosis. Moreover, expression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related proteins (vimentin, Slug, and Twist), cancer stem‐like cell (CSC)‐related proteins (nestin and CD44), VM‐related proteins (MMP2, MMP9, and vascular endothelial‐cadherin), and β‐catenin‐nu were all elevated in VM‐positive and DKK1‐positive tumours, whereas the epithelial marker (E‐cadherin) was reduced in the VM‐positive and DKK1‐positive groups. Non‐small cell lung cancer cell lines with overexpressed or silenced DKK1 highlighted its role in the restoration of mesenchymal phenotypes and development of CSC characteristics. Moreover, DKK1 significantly promotes NSCLC tumour cells to migrate, invade and proliferate. In vivo animal studies demonstrated that DKK1 enhances the growth of transplanted human tumours cells, as well as increased VM formation, mesenthymal phenotypes and CSC properties. Our results suggest that DKK1 can promote VM formation via induction of the expression of EMT and CSC‐related proteins. As such, we feel that DKK1 may represent a novel target of NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Yao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Danfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Baocun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanrong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Gu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueming Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Che
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjun Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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28
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Abstract
Wnt signaling encompasses multiple and complex signaling cascades and is involved in many developmental processes such as tissue patterning, cell fate specification, and control of cell division. Consequently, accurate regulation of signaling activities is essential for proper embryonic development. Wnt signaling is mostly silent in the healthy adult organs but a reactivation of Wnt signaling is generally observed under pathological conditions. This has generated increasing interest in this pathway from a therapeutic point of view. In this review article, the involvement of Wnt signaling in cardiovascular development will be outlined, followed by its implication in myocardial infarct healing, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, arrhythmias, and atherosclerosis. The initial experiments not always offer consensus on the effects of activation or inactivation of the pathway, which may be attributed to (i) the type of cardiac disease, (ii) timing of the intervention, and (iii) type of cells that are targeted. Therefore, more research is needed to determine the exact implication of Wnt signaling in the conditions mentioned above to exploit it as a powerful therapeutic target.
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29
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Deng Q, Shan N, Peng W, Luo X, Zhang H, Baker PN, Tong C, Qi H. Inhibition of Wnt Inhibitory Factor 1 Under Hypoxic Condition in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Promoted Angiogenesis in Vitro. Reprod Sci 2016; 23:1348-58. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719116638174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Chongqing Population and family planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinyin Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Nan Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Philip N. Baker
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chao Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Canada–China–New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
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30
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Rieger ME, Zhou B, Solomon N, Sunohara M, Li C, Nguyen C, Liu Y, Pan JH, Minoo P, Crandall ED, Brody SL, Kahn M, Borok Z. p300/β-Catenin Interactions Regulate Adult Progenitor Cell Differentiation Downstream of WNT5a/Protein Kinase C (PKC). J Biol Chem 2016; 291:6569-82. [PMID: 26833564 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.706416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of stem/progenitor cell-progeny relationships is required for tissue homeostasis during normal turnover and repair. Wnt signaling is implicated in both maintenance and differentiation of adult stem/progenitor cells, yet how this pathway serves these dichotomous roles remains enigmatic. We previously proposed a model suggesting that specific interaction of β-catenin with either of the homologous Kat3 co-activators, p300 or CREB-binding protein, differentially regulates maintenance versus differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Limited knowledge of endogenous mechanisms driving differential β-catenin/co-activator interactions and their role in adult somatic stem/progenitor cell maintenance versus differentiation led us to explore this process in defined models of adult progenitor cell differentiation. We focused primarily on alveolar epithelial type II (AT2) cells, progenitors of distal lung epithelium, and identified a novel axis whereby WNT5a/protein kinase C (PKC) signaling regulates specific β-catenin/co-activator interactions to promote adult progenitor cell differentiation. p300/β-catenin but not CBP/β-catenin interaction increases as AT2 cells differentiate to a type I (AT1) cell-like phenotype. Additionally, p300 transcriptionally activates AT1 cell-specific gene Aqp-5. IQ-1, a specific inhibitor of p300/β-catenin interaction, prevents differentiation of not only primary AT2 cells, but also tracheal epithelial cells, and C2C12 myoblasts. p300 phosphorylation at Ser-89 enhances p300/β-catenin interaction, concurrent with alveolar epithelial cell differentiation. WNT5a, a traditionally non-canonical WNT ligand regulates Ser-89 phosphorylation and p300/β-catenin interactions in a PKC-dependent manner, likely involving PKCζ. These studies identify a novel intersection of canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling in adult progenitor cell differentiation that has important implications for targeting β-catenin to modulate adult progenitor cell behavior in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Rieger
- From the Department of Medicine, Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
| | - Beiyun Zhou
- From the Department of Medicine, Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Nicola Solomon
- From the Department of Medicine, Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
| | - Mitsuhiro Sunohara
- From the Department of Medicine, Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
| | - Changgong Li
- the Departments of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology
| | - Cu Nguyen
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Yixin Liu
- From the Department of Medicine, Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
| | - Jie-hong Pan
- the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, and
| | - Parviz Minoo
- the Departments of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology
| | - Edward D Crandall
- From the Department of Medicine, Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Pathology, the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Steven L Brody
- the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, and
| | - Michael Kahn
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and the Center for Molecular Pathways and Drug Discovery, and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Zea Borok
- From the Department of Medicine, Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033,
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31
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Kim MY, Kim HY, Hong J, Kim D, Lee H, Cheong E, Lee Y, Roth J, Kim DG, Min DS, Choi KY. CXXC5 plays a role as a transcription activator for myelin genes on oligodendrocyte differentiation. Glia 2015; 64:350-62. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.22932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Yeon Kim
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Hyun-Yi Kim
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Jiso Hong
- Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 Korea
| | - Daesoo Kim
- Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 Korea
| | - Hyojung Lee
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Eunji Cheong
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Yangsin Lee
- Department of Integrated OMICS For Biomedical Science; WCU Program of Graduate School, Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Jürgen Roth
- Department of Integrated OMICS For Biomedical Science; WCU Program of Graduate School, Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Dong Goo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology; Brain Research Institute, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, College of Medicine; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology; College of Natural Science, Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Korea
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
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32
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Participation of WNT and β-Catenin in Physiological and Pathological Endometrial Changes: Association with Angiogenesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:854056. [PMID: 26366420 PMCID: PMC4558421 DOI: 10.1155/2015/854056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
WNT proteins are involved in embryonic development, sex determination, stem cell recruitment, angiogenesis, and cancer. They take part in morphological changes in the endometrium during development, regulate processes of endometrial proliferation and differentiation. This review presents current knowledge about implication of WNT proteins and β-catenin in physiological endometrial functions as well as their involvement in uterine carcinogenesis. Influence of WNT proteins on the formation of blood vessel, taking place both under healthy and pathological conditions, is also considered. Participation of WNT proteins, β-catenin, and inhibitors and inducers of WNT signaling in the process of endometrial angiogenesis is largely unknown. Thus, confirmation of their local and systemic participation in the process of endometrial angiogenesis may in the long term help to establish new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in conditions associated with the pathology of the female reproductive system.
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Campagnolo P, Tsai TN, Hong X, Kirton JP, So PW, Margariti A, Di Bernardini E, Wong MM, Hu Y, Stevens MM, Xu Q. c-Kit+ progenitors generate vascular cells for tissue-engineered grafts through modulation of the Wnt/Klf4 pathway. Biomaterials 2015; 60:53-61. [PMID: 25985152 PMCID: PMC4464505 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of decellularised scaffolds for small diameter vascular grafts is hampered by their limited patency, due to the lack of luminal cell coverage by endothelial cells (EC) and to the low tone of the vessel due to absence of a contractile smooth muscle cells (SMC). In this study, we identify a population of vascular progenitor c-Kit+/Sca-1- cells available in large numbers and derived from immuno-privileged embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We also define an efficient and controlled differentiation protocol yielding fully to differentiated ECs and SMCs in sufficient numbers to allow the repopulation of a tissue engineered vascular graft. When seeded ex vivo on a decellularised vessel, c-Kit+/Sca-1-derived cells recapitulated the native vessel structure and upon in vivo implantation in the mouse, markedly reduced neointima formation and mortality, restoring functional vascularisation. We showed that Krüppel-like transcription factor 4 (Klf4) regulates the choice of differentiation pathway of these cells through β-catenin activation and was itself regulated by the canonical Wnt pathway activator lithium chloride. Our data show that ESC-derived c-Kit+/Sca-1-cells can be differentiated through a Klf4/β-catenin dependent pathway and are a suitable source of vascular progenitors for the creation of superior tissue-engineered vessels from decellularised scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Campagnolo
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Tsung-Neng Tsai
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xuechong Hong
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Paul Kirton
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Po-Wah So
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andriana Margariti
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabetta Di Bernardini
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mei Mei Wong
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Shoni M, Lui KO, Vavvas DG, Muto MG, Berkowitz RS, Vlahos N, Ng SW. Protein kinases and associated pathways in pluripotent state and lineage differentiation. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 9:366-87. [PMID: 24998240 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x09666140616130217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases (PKs) mediate the reversible conversion of substrate proteins to phosphorylated forms, a key process in controlling intracellular signaling transduction cascades. Pluripotency is, among others, characterized by specifically expressed PKs forming a highly interconnected regulatory network that culminates in a finely-balanced molecular switch. Current high-throughput phosphoproteomic approaches have shed light on the specific regulatory PKs and their function in controlling pluripotent states. Pluripotent cell-derived endothelial and hematopoietic developments represent an example of the importance of pluripotency in cancer therapeutics and organ regeneration. This review attempts to provide the hitherto known kinome profile and the individual characterization of PK-related pathways that regulate pluripotency. Elucidating the underlying intrinsic and extrinsic signals may improve our understanding of the different pluripotent states, the maintenance or induction of pluripotency, and the ability to tailor lineage differentiation, with a particular focus on endothelial cell differentiation for anti-cancer treatment, cell-based tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shu-Wing Ng
- 221 Longwood Avenue, BLI- 449A, Boston MA 02115, USA.
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Chen M, Qian C, Bi LL, Zhao F, Zhang GY, Wang ZQ, Gan XD, Wang YG. Enrichment of cardiac differentiation by a large starting number of embryonic stem cells in embryoid bodies is mediated by the Wnt11-JNK pathway. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 37:475-81. [PMID: 25312921 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Embryoid bodies (EBs) with large starting numbers of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have a greater degree of cardiac differentiation than from low numbers of EBs. However, the biological roles of signaling molecules in these effects are not well understood. Here, we show that groups of EBs with different starting numbers of ESCs had differential gene expression patterns for Wnt5a and Wnt11. Wnt11 significantly increased the percentage of beating EBs by up-regulating the expression of the cardiac-specific genes. Wnt5a did not show these effects. Moreover, Wnt11 significantly increased the level of phosphorylated Jun N-terminal kinase. The inhibition of the JNK pathway by SP600125 blocked the effects of Wnt11. Thus, enrichment of cardiac differentiation in groups of EBs with a larger starting number of ESCs is mediated by the Wnt11-JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China,
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36
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Twist1 induces endothelial differentiation of tumour cells through the Jagged1-KLF4 axis. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4697. [PMID: 25146389 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms controlling tumour-induced angiogenesis are presently not clear. In principle, angiogenesis can be achieved through the activation of endothelial cells in existing vessels or by transdifferentiation of tumour cells into endothelial cells. However, whether tumour cells can go through a prior epithelial-mesenchymal transition and further differentiate into endothelial cells remains unknown. Here we show that overexpression of Twist1, a transcriptional regulator that induces and promotes cancer metastasis, leads to endothelial differentiation in head and neck cancer (HNC) cells. Induction of Jagged1 expression by Twist1 is essential for Twist1-induced endothelial differentiation. The Jagged1/Notch signalling subsequently activates KLF4, inducing stem-like properties in HNC cells and conferring them with drug resistance. Our results indicate that the Twist1-Jagged1/KLF4 axis is essential both for transdifferentiation of tumour cells into endothelial cells and for chemoresistance acquisition.
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37
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An updated view on the differentiation of stem cells into endothelial cells. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:763-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4712-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Overexpression of Wnt5a promotes angiogenesis in NSCLC. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:832562. [PMID: 24999479 PMCID: PMC4066942 DOI: 10.1155/2014/832562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate Wnt5a expression and its role in angiogenesis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), immunohistochemistry and CD31/PAS double staining were performed to examine the Wnt5a expression and we analyze the relationships between Wnt5a and microvessel density (MVD), vasculogenic mimicry (VM), and some related proteins. About 61.95% of cases of 205 NSCLC specimens exhibited high expression of Wnt5a. Wnt5a expression level was upregulated in the majority of NSCLC tissues, especially in squamous cell carcinoma, while its expression level in adenocarcinoma was the lowest. Wnt5a was also found more frequently expressed in male patients than in female patients. Except for histological classification and gender, little association was found between Wnt5a and clinicopathological features. Moreover, Wnt5a was significantly correlated with prognosis. Overall, Wnt5a-positive expression in patients with NSCLC indicated shorter survival time. As for vascularization in NSCLC, Wnt5a showed close association with VM and MVD. In addition, Wnt5a was positively related with β-catenin-nu, VE-cadherin, MMP2, and MMP9. The results demonstrated that overexpression of Wnt5a may play an important role in NSCLC angiogenesis and it may function via canonical Wnt signal pathway. This study will provide evidence for further research on NSCLC and also will provide new possible target for NSCLC diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.
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Kim HY, Yang DH, Shin SW, Kim MY, Yoon JH, Kim S, Park HC, Kang DW, Min D, Hur MW, Choi KY. CXXC5 is a transcriptional activator of Flk-1 and mediates bone morphogenic protein-induced endothelial cell differentiation and vessel formation. FASEB J 2013; 28:615-26. [PMID: 24136587 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-236216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
CXXC5 is a member of a small subset of proteins containing CXXC-type zinc-finger domain. Here, we show that CXXC5 is a transcription factor activating Flk-1, a receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor. CXXC5 and Flk-1 were accumulated in nucli and membrane of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), respectively, during their endothelial differentiation. CXXC5 overexpression induced Flk-1 transcription in both endothelium-differentiated mESCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In vitro DNA binding assay showed direct interaction of CXXC5 on the Flk-1 promoter region, and mutation on its DNA-binding motif abolished transcriptional activity. We showed that bone morphorgenetic protein 4 (BMP4) induced CXXC5 transcription in the cells, and inhibitors of BMP signaling suppressed the CXXC5 induction and the consequent Flk-1 induction by BMP4 treatment. CXXC5 knockdown resulted in suppression of BMP4-induced stress fiber formation (56.8 ± 1.3% decrease, P<0.05) and migration (54.6 ± 1.9% decrease, P<0.05) in HUVECs. The in vivo roles of CXXC5 in BMP-signaling-specific vascular development and angiogenesis were shown by specific defect of caudal vein plex vessel formation (57.9 ± 11.8% decrease, P<0.05) in cxxc5 morpholino-injected zebrafish embryos and by suppression of BMP4-induced angiogenesis in subcutaneously injected Matrigel plugs in CXXC5(-/-) mice. Overall, CXXC5 is a transcriptional activator for Flk-1, mediating BMP signaling for differentiation and migration of endothelial cell and vessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Yi Kim
- 2Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea.
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Babayeva S, Rocque B, Aoudjit L, Zilber Y, Li J, Baldwin C, Kawachi H, Takano T, Torban E. Planar cell polarity pathway regulates nephrin endocytosis in developing podocytes. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:24035-48. [PMID: 23824190 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.452904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The noncanonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway controls a variety of cell behaviors such as polarized protrusive cell activity, directional cell movement, and oriented cell division and is crucial for the normal development of many tissues. Mutations in the PCP genes cause malformation in multiple organs. Recently, the PCP pathway was shown to control endocytosis of PCP and non-PCP proteins necessary for cell shape remodeling and formation of specific junctional protein complexes. During formation of the renal glomerulus, the glomerular capillary becomes enveloped by highly specialized epithelial cells, podocytes, that display unique architecture and are connected via specialized cell-cell junctions (slit diaphragms) that restrict passage of protein into the urine; podocyte differentiation requires active remodeling of cytoskeleton and junctional protein complexes. We report here that in cultured human podocytes, activation of the PCP pathway significantly stimulates endocytosis of the core slit diaphragm protein, nephrin, via a clathrin/β-arrestin-dependent endocytic route. In contrast, depletion of the PCP protein Vangl2 leads to an increase of nephrin at the cell surface; loss of Vangl2 functions in Looptail mice results in disturbed glomerular maturation. We propose that the PCP pathway contributes to podocyte development by regulating nephrin turnover during junctional remodeling as the cells differentiate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Babayeva
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A2B4
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41
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Miao CG, Yang YY, He X, Li XF, Huang C, Huang Y, Zhang L, Lv XW, Jin Y, Li J. Wnt signaling pathway in rheumatoid arthritis, with special emphasis on the different roles in synovial inflammation and bone remodeling. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2069-78. [PMID: 23602936 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic symmetrical autoimmune disease of unknown etiology that affects primarily the diarthrodial joints. Characteristic features of RA pathogenesis are synovial inflammation and proliferation accompanied by cartilage erosion and bone loss. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) display an important role in the pathogenesis of RA. Several lines of evidence show that the Wnt signaling pathway significantly participates in the RA pathogenesis. The Wnt proteins are glycoproteins that bind to the Fz receptors on the cell surface, which leads to several important biological functions, such as cell differentiation, embryonic development, limb development and joint formation. Accumulated evidence has suggested that this signaling pathway plays a key role in the FLS activation, bone resorption and joint destruction during RA development. Greater knowledge of the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in RA could improve understanding of the RA pathogenesis and the differences in RA clinical presentation and prognosis. In this review, new advances of the Wnt signaling pathway in RA pathogenesis are discussed, with special emphasis on its different roles in synovial inflammation and bone remodeling. Further studies are needed to reveal the important role of the members of the Wnt signaling pathway in the RA pathogenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-gui Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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42
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Wntless is required for peripheral lung differentiation and pulmonary vascular development. Dev Biol 2013; 379:38-52. [PMID: 23523683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wntless (Wls), a gene highly conserved across the animal kingdom, encodes for a transmembrane protein that mediates Wnt ligand secretion. Wls is expressed in developing lung, wherein Wnt signaling is necessary for pulmonary morphogenesis. We hypothesize that Wls plays a critical role in modulating Wnt signaling during lung development and therefore affects processes critical for pulmonary morphogenesis. We generated conditional Wls mutant mice utilizing Shh-Cre and Dermo1-Cre mice to delete Wls in the embryonic respiratory epithelium and mesenchyme, respectively. Epithelial deletion of Wls disrupted lung branching morphogenesis, peripheral lung development and pulmonary endothelial differentiation. Epithelial Wls mutant mice died at birth due to respiratory failure caused by lung hypoplasia and pulmonary hemorrhage. In the lungs of these mice, VEGF and Tie2-angiopoietin signaling pathways, which mediate vascular development, were downregulated from early stages of development. In contrast, deletion of Wls in mesenchymal cells of the developing lung did not alter branching morphogenesis or early mesenchymal differentiation. In vitro assays support the concept that Wls acts in part via Wnt5a to regulate pulmonary vascular development. We conclude that epithelial Wls modulates Wnt ligand activities critical for pulmonary vascular differentiation and peripheral lung morphogenesis. These studies provide a new framework for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying normal pulmonary vasculature formation and the dysmorphic pulmonary vasculature development associated with congenital lung disease.
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43
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Reis M, Liebner S. Wnt signaling in the vasculature. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:1317-23. [PMID: 23291327 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of the vascular system requires orchestrated activities of various molecular pathways to assure the formation of a hierarchically branched tubular network. Furthermore, endothelial cell (EC) populations are heterogeneous to meet organ-specific requirements in the mature vasculature. This developmental scheme is probably best represented by the acquisition and maintenance of unique barrier properties known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in microvessels of the central nervous system (CNS). Only recently, the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway was implicated in many aspects of angiogenesis, vascular remodeling and differentiation in various species and organ systems. Beside its major contribution to brain angiogenesis and barrier formation, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway influences vascular sprouting, remodeling and arterio-venous specification by modulating the Notch pathway. Furthermore, canonical Wnt signaling has been implicated in heart valve formation by initiating endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Growing evidence also points to a role of the non-canonical Wnt pathway in vascular development by regulating VEGF availability. Several novel findings regarding the role of the Wnt pathway in developmental as well as in pathological angiogenesis prompted us to review its emerging function in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Reis
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger-Institute), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt Medical School, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 7, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
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Schukur L, Zorlutuna P, Cha JM, Bae H, Khademhosseini A. Directed differentiation of size-controlled embryoid bodies towards endothelial and cardiac lineages in RGD-modified poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. Adv Healthc Mater 2013; 2:195-205. [PMID: 23193099 PMCID: PMC3635117 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in stem cell research have demonstrated the importance of microenvironmental cues in directing stem cell fate towards specific cell lineages. For instance, the size of the embryoid body (EB) was shown to play a role in stem cell differentiation. Other studies have used cell adhesive RGD peptides to direct stem cell fate towards endothelial cells. In this study, materials and cell-based approaches are combined by using microwell arrays to produce size-controlled EBs and encapsulating the resulting aggregates in high molecular weight PEG-4 arm acrylate with and without conjugated RGD to study their effect on stem cell differentiation in a 3D microenvironment. Increasing EB size is observed along with a decrease in the total number of EBs in pristine PEG hydrogel, regardless of the initial EB size. In correlation with this aggregation, EBs in PEG show enhanced cardiogenic differentiation compared to RGD-PEG hydrogel. Both aggregation and cardiogenic differentiation are significantly reduced when RGD peptides are introduced to the microenvironment, while endothelial cell differentiation is accelerated by 3 to 5 days, depending on the EB size, and doubled over the course of cell culture for both EB sizes. Presented results indicate that RGD sequence has a dominant effect in driving endothelial cell differentiation in size-controlled EBs, while pristine multi-arm, high molecular weight PEG can induce cardiogenic differentiation, possibly through EB aggregation. The photopatternable nature of the hydrogel used in this study enabled patterning of such domains devoid or abundant of cell attachment sequences. Therefore, these hydrogels can potentially be used for spatially patterned embryonic stem cell differentiation, which may be beneficial for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Schukur
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115, USA, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, USA, 65 Landsdowne Street Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Germany
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115, USA, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, USA, 65 Landsdowne Street Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jae Min Cha
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115, USA, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, USA, 65 Landsdowne Street Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hojae Bae
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115, USA, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, USA, 65 Landsdowne Street Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115, USA, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, USA, 65 Landsdowne Street Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115, USA
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Nanbara H, Wara-aswapati N, Nagasawa T, Yoshida Y, Yashiro R, Bando Y, Kobayashi H, Khongcharoensuk J, Hormdee D, Pitiphat W, Boch JA, Izumi Y. Modulation of Wnt5a expression by periodontopathic bacteria. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34434. [PMID: 22485170 PMCID: PMC3317782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wingless proteins, termed Wnt, are involved in embryonic development, blood cell differentiation, and tumorigenesis. In mammalian hematopoiesis, Wnt signaling is essential for stem-cell homeostasis and lymphocyte differentiation. Recent studies have suggested that these molecules are associated with cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis. Furthermore, Wnt5a signaling is essential for the general inflammatory response of human macrophages. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by gram-negative periodontopathic bacteria and the resultant host immune response. Periodontitis is characterized by loss of tooth-supporting structures and alveolar bone resorption. There have been no previous reports on Wnt5a expression in periodontitis tissue, and only few study reported the molecular mechanisms of Wnt5a expression in LPS-stimulated monocytic cells. Using RT-PCR, we demonstrated that Wnt5a mRNA expression was up-regulated in chronic periodontitis tissue as compared to healthy control tissue. P. gingivalis LPS induced Wnt5a mRNA in the human monocytic cell line THP-1 with a peak at 4 hrs after stimulation. P. gingivalis LPS induced higher up-regulation of Wnt5a mRNA than E. coli LPS. The LPS receptors TLR2 and TLR4 were equally expressed on the surface of THP-1 cells. P. gingivalis LPS induced IκBα degradation and was able to increase the NF-κB binding activity to DNA. P. gingivalis LPS-induced Wnt5a expression was inhibited by NF-κB inhibitors, suggesting NF-κB involvement. Furthermore, IFN-γ synergistically enhanced the P. gingivalis LPS-induced production of Wnt5a. Pharmacological investigation and siRNA experiments showed that STAT1 was important for P. gingivalis LPS-induced Wnt5a expression. These results suggest that the modulation of Wnt5a expression by P. gingivalis may play an important role in the periodontal inflammatory process and serve a target for the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Nanbara
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Center of Excellence Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nawarat Wara-aswapati
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Toshiyuki Nagasawa
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Reiko Yashiro
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Bando
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Janjura Khongcharoensuk
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Doosadee Hormdee
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Waranuch Pitiphat
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jason A. Boch
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Center of Excellence Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the mobilization and recruitment of circulating or tissue-resident progenitor cells that give rise to endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) can participate in atherosclerosis, neointima hyperplasia after arterial injury, and transplant arteriosclerosis. It is believed that endothelial progenitor cells do exist and can repair and rejuvenate the arteries under physiologic conditions; however, they may also contribute to lesion formation by influencing plaque stability in advanced atherosclerotic plaque under specific pathologic conditions. At the same time, smooth muscle progenitors, despite their capacity to expedite lesion formation during restenosis, may serve to promote atherosclerotic plaque stabilization by producing extracellular matrix proteins. This profound evidence provides support to the hypothesis that both endothelial and smooth muscle progenitors may act as a double-edged sword in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. Therefore, the understanding of the regulatory networks that control endothelial and smooth muscle progenitor differentiation is undoubtedly fundamental both for basic research and for improving current therapeutic avenues for atherosclerosis. We update the progress in progenitor cell study related to the development of arteriosclerosis, focusing specifically on the role of progenitor cells in lesion formation and discuss the controversial issues that regard the origins, frequency, and impact of the progenitors in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Campagnolo
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, England
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47
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Hao F, Pysz MA, Curry KJ, Haas KN, Seedhouse SJ, Black AR, Black JD. Protein kinase Cα signaling regulates inhibitor of DNA binding 1 in the intestinal epithelium. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:18104-17. [PMID: 21454537 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.208488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports a role for PKCα in growth arrest and tumor suppression in the intestinal epithelium. In contrast, the Id1 transcriptional repressor has pro-proliferative and tumorigenic properties in this tissue. Here, we identify Id1 as a novel target of PKCα signaling. Using a highly specific antibody and a combined morphological/biochemical approach, we establish that Id1 is a nuclear protein restricted to proliferating intestinal crypt cells. A relationship between PKCα and Id1 was supported by the demonstration that (a) down-regulation of Id1 at the crypt/villus junction coincides with PKCα activation, and (b) loss of PKCα in intestinal tumors is associated with increased levels of nuclear Id1. Manipulation of PKCα activity in IEC-18 nontransformed intestinal crypt cells determined that PKCα suppresses Id1 mRNA and protein via an Erk-dependent mechanism. PKCα, but not PKCδ, also inhibited Id1 expression in colon cancer cells. Id1 was found to regulate cyclin D1 levels in IEC-18 and colon cancer cells, pointing to a role for Id1 suppression in the antiproliferative/tumor suppressive activities of PKCα. Notably, Id1 expression was elevated in the intestinal epithelium of PKCα-knock-out mice, confirming that PKCα regulates Id1 in vivo. A wider role for PKCα in control of inhibitor of DNA binding factors is supported by its ability to down-regulate Id2 and Id3 in IEC-18 cells, although their suppression is more modest than that of Id1. This study provides the first demonstrated link between a specific PKC isozyme and inhibitor of DNA binding factors, and it points to a role for a PKCα → Erk ⊣ Id1 → cyclin D1 signaling axis in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hao
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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Abstract
Early stages of vascular development include endothelial cell differentiation in a network of arteries, veins, and lymphatics. Subsequently, to respond to the specific needs of the organs, endothelial cells acquire specialized properties such as permeability control, expression of specific transcellular transport systems, membrane adhesive molecules, and others. Endothelial cell differentiation depends on communication between the surrounding tissues, which is mediated by growth and differentiation factors able to activate specific gene expression programs. Recent reports underline the important role of the Wnt system in vascular morphogenesis in the embryo and in organ-specific endothelial differentiation. Wnt signaling regulates fundamental aspects of development, including cell fate specification, proliferation, and survival, and may use different receptors and signaling pathways. Both loss- and gain-of-function experiments of members of the Wnt signaling pathway were found to cause marked alterations of vascular development and endothelial cell specification. Furthermore, altered Wnt signaling in the endothelium may contribute to pathological conditions such as retinopathies, pulmonary arterial hypertension, stroke, and others. Continued progress in this field holds the potential to identify novel therapeutics for the treatment of these diseases.
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Thibeault S, Rautureau Y, Oubaha M, Faubert D, Wilkes BC, Delisle C, Gratton JP. S-Nitrosylation of β-Catenin by eNOS-Derived NO Promotes VEGF-Induced Endothelial Cell Permeability. Mol Cell 2010; 39:468-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Abstract
The differentiation of embryonic stem cells along the endothelial cell lineage requires a tightly coordinated sequence of events that are regulated in both space and time. Although significant gaps remain in this process, major strides have been made over the past 10 years in identifying the growth factors, signal transduction pathways, and transcription factors that function together as critical mediators of this process. Examples of some of the signal transduction pathways include the hedgehog (HH), WNT, BMP, and Notch pathways. A complex interplay between growth factors, and activation of a variety of signal transduction pathways leads to the induction of transcriptional programs that promote the differentiation of embryonic stem cells along the endothelial lineage and ultimately into arterial, venous, and lymphatic endothelial cells. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Le Bras
- Division of Cardiology, and Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine and the Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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