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He X, Yang T, Lu YW, Wu G, Dai G, Ma Q, Zhang M, Zhou H, Long T, Yan Y, Liang Z, Liu C, Pu WT, Dong Y, Ou J, Chen H, Mably JD, He J, Wang DZ, Huang ZP. The long noncoding RNA CARDINAL attenuates cardiac hypertrophy by modulating protein translation. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e169112. [PMID: 38743498 PMCID: PMC11213465 DOI: 10.1172/jci169112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the features of pathological cardiac hypertrophy is enhanced translation and protein synthesis. Translational inhibition has been shown to be an effective means of treating cardiac hypertrophy, although system-wide side effects are common. Regulators of translation, such as cardiac-specific long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), could provide new, more targeted therapeutic approaches to inhibit cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, we generated mice lacking a previously identified lncRNA named CARDINAL to examine its cardiac function. We demonstrate that CARDINAL is a cardiac-specific, ribosome-associated lncRNA and show that its expression was induced in the heart upon pathological cardiac hypertrophy and that its deletion in mice exacerbated stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy and augmented protein translation. In contrast, overexpression of CARDINAL attenuated cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro and suppressed hypertrophy-induced protein translation. Mechanistically, CARDINAL interacted with developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 1 (DRG1) and blocked its interaction with DRG family regulatory protein 1 (DFRP1); as a result, DRG1 was downregulated, thereby modulating the rate of protein translation in the heart in response to stress. This study provides evidence for the therapeutic potential of targeting cardiac-specific lncRNAs to suppress disease-induced translational changes and to treat cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiqun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Wei Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gengze Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gang Dai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianxin Long
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youchen Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuomin Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - William T. Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yugang Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingsong Ou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John D. Mably
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, USF Health Heart Institute and
| | - Jiangui He
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, USF Health Heart Institute and
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Zhan-Peng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Luo A, Jia Y, Hao R, Zhou X, Bao C, Yang L, Gu C, Tang H, Chu AA. Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Right Ventricular Hypertrophy in the Pulmonary Hypertension Rat Model. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:264-276. [PMID: 38015796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease that affects both the lungs and heart. Right ventricle (RV) hypertrophy is a primary pathological feature of PAH; however, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain insufficiently studied. In this study, we employed tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics for the integrative analysis of the proteome and phosphoproteome of the RV derived from monocrotaline-induced PAH model rats. Compared with control samples, 564 significantly upregulated proteins, 616 downregulated proteins, 622 downregulated phosphopeptides, and 683 upregulated phosphopeptides were identified (P < 0.05, abs (log2 (fold change)) > log2 1.2) in the MCT samples. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validated the expression levels of top 20 significantly altered proteins, including Nppa (natriuretic peptides A), latent TGF-β binding protein 2 (Ltbp2), periostin, connective tissue growth factor 2 (Ccn2), Ncam1 (neural cell adhesion molecule), quinone reductase 2 (Nqo2), and tropomodulin 4 (Tmod4). Western blotting confirmed the upregulation of Ncam1 and downregulation of Nqo2 and Tmod4 in both MCT-induced and hypoxia-induced PH rat models. Pathway enrichment analyses indicated that the altered proteins are associated with pathways, such as vesicle-mediated transport, actin cytoskeleton organization, TCA cycle, and respiratory electron transport. These significantly changed phosphoproteins were enriched in pathways such as diabetic cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and cardiac muscle contraction. In summary, this study provides an initial analysis of the RV proteome and phosphoproteome in the progression of PAH, highlighting several RV dysfunction-associated proteins and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yangfan Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Rongrong Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Changlei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chenxin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Haiyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ai-Ai Chu
- Division of Echocardiography, Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
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3
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Amoni M, Vermoortele D, Ekhteraei-Tousi S, Doñate Puertas R, Gilbert G, Youness M, Thienpont B, Willems R, Roderick HL, Claus P, Sipido KR. Heterogeneity of Repolarization and Cell-Cell Variability of Cardiomyocyte Remodeling Within the Myocardial Infarction Border Zone Contribute to Arrhythmia Susceptibility. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2023; 16:e011677. [PMID: 37128895 PMCID: PMC10187631 DOI: 10.1161/circep.122.011677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After myocardial infarction, the infarct border zone (BZ) is the dominant source of life-threatening arrhythmias, where fibrosis and abnormal repolarization create a substrate for reentry. We examined whether repolarization abnormalities are heterogeneous within the BZ in vivo and could be related to heterogeneous cardiomyocyte remodeling. METHODS Myocardial infarction was induced in domestic pigs by 120-minute ischemia followed by reperfusion. After 1 month, remodeling was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, and electroanatomical mapping was performed to determine the spatial distribution of activation-recovery intervals. Cardiomyocytes were isolated and tissue samples collected from the BZ and remote regions. Optical recording allowed assessment of action potential duration (di-8-ANEPPS, stimulation at 1 Hz, 37 °C) of large cardiomyocyte populations while gene expression in cardiomyocytes was determined by single nuclear RNA sequencing. RESULTS In vivo, activation-recovery intervals in the BZ tended to be longer than in remote with increased spatial heterogeneity evidenced by a greater local SD (3.5±1.3 ms versus remote: 2.0±0.5 ms, P=0.036, npigs=5). Increased activation-recovery interval heterogeneity correlated with enhanced arrhythmia susceptibility. Cellular population studies (ncells=635-862 cells per region) demonstrated greater heterogeneity of action potential duration in the BZ (SD, 105.9±17.0 ms versus remote: 73.9±8.6 ms; P=0.001; npigs=6), which correlated with heterogeneity of activation-recovery interval in vivo. Cell-cell gene expression heterogeneity in the BZ was evidenced by increased Euclidean distances between nuclei of the BZ (12.1 [9.2-15.0] versus 10.6 [7.5-11.6] in remote; P<0.0001). Differentially expressed genes characterizing BZ cardiomyocyte remodeling included hypertrophy-related and ion channel-related genes with high cell-cell variability of expression. These gene expression changes were driven by stress-responsive TFs (transcription factors). In addition, heterogeneity of left ventricular wall thickness was greater in the BZ than in remote. CONCLUSIONS Heterogeneous cardiomyocyte remodeling in the BZ is driven by uniquely altered gene expression, related to heterogeneity in the local microenvironment, and translates to heterogeneous repolarization and arrhythmia vulnerability in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Amoni
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiology (M.A., S.E.-T., R.D.P., G.G., M.Y., R.W., H.L.R., K.R.S.), KU Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium (M.A., R.W.)
| | - Dylan Vermoortele
- Imaging and Cardiovascular Dynamics, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (D.V., P.C.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samaneh Ekhteraei-Tousi
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiology (M.A., S.E.-T., R.D.P., G.G., M.Y., R.W., H.L.R., K.R.S.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rosa Doñate Puertas
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiology (M.A., S.E.-T., R.D.P., G.G., M.Y., R.W., H.L.R., K.R.S.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Gilbert
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiology (M.A., S.E.-T., R.D.P., G.G., M.Y., R.W., H.L.R., K.R.S.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mohamad Youness
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiology (M.A., S.E.-T., R.D.P., G.G., M.Y., R.W., H.L.R., K.R.S.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernard Thienpont
- Laboratory for Functional Epigenetics, Department of Human Genetics (B.T.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Willems
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiology (M.A., S.E.-T., R.D.P., G.G., M.Y., R.W., H.L.R., K.R.S.), KU Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium (M.A., R.W.)
| | - H. Llewelyn Roderick
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiology (M.A., S.E.-T., R.D.P., G.G., M.Y., R.W., H.L.R., K.R.S.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Claus
- Imaging and Cardiovascular Dynamics, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (D.V., P.C.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin R. Sipido
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiology (M.A., S.E.-T., R.D.P., G.G., M.Y., R.W., H.L.R., K.R.S.), KU Leuven, Belgium
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4
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Campbell MD, Martín-Pérez M, Egertson JD, Gaffrey MJ, Wang L, Bammler T, Rabinovitch PS, MacCoss M, Qian WJ, Villen J, Marcinek D. Elamipretide effects on the skeletal muscle phosphoproteome in aged female mice. GeroScience 2022; 44:2913-2924. [PMID: 36322234 PMCID: PMC9768078 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and function is known as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia progresses based on complex processes involving protein dynamics, cell signaling, oxidative stress, and repair. We have previously found that 8-week treatment with elamipretide improves skeletal muscle function, reverses redox stress, and restores protein S-glutathionylation changes in aged female mice. This study tested whether 8-week treatment with elamipretide also affects global phosphorylation in skeletal muscle consistent with functional improvements and S-glutathionylation. Using female 6-7-month-old mice and 28-29-month-old mice, we found that phosphorylation changes did not relate to S-glutathionylation modifications, but that treatment with elamipretide did partially reverse age-related changes in protein phosphorylation in mouse skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Campbell
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, South Lake Union Campus, 850 Republican St., Brotman D142, Box 358050, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | | | - Jarrett D Egertson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew J Gaffrey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Theo Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter S Rabinovitch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Judit Villen
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Marcinek
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, South Lake Union Campus, 850 Republican St., Brotman D142, Box 358050, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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5
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Calcagno DM, Taghdiri N, Ninh VK, Mesfin JM, Toomu A, Sehgal R, Lee J, Liang Y, Duran JM, Adler E, Christman KL, Zhang K, Sheikh F, Fu Z, King KR. Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics of the infarcted heart define the dynamic onset of the border zone in response to mechanical destabilization. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:1039-1055. [PMID: 39086770 PMCID: PMC11290420 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The border zone (BZ) of the infarcted heart is a geographically complex and biologically enigmatic interface separating poorly perfused infarct zones (IZs) from remote zones (RZs). The cellular and molecular mechanisms of myocardial BZs are not well understood because microdissection inevitably combines them with uncontrolled amounts of RZs and IZs. Here, we use single-cell/nucleus RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics and multiplexed RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization to redefine the BZ based on cardiomyocyte transcriptomes. BZ1 (Nppa + Xirp2 -) forms a hundreds-of-micrometer-thick layer of morphologically intact cells adjacent to RZs that are detectable within an hour of injury. Meanwhile, BZ2 (Nppa + Xirp2 +) forms a near-single-cell-thick layer of morphologically distorted cardiomyocytes at the IZ edge that colocalize with matricellular protein-expressing myofibroblasts and express predominantly mechanotransduction genes. Surprisingly, mechanical injury alone is sufficient to induce BZ genes. We propose a 'loss of neighbor' hypothesis to explain how ischemic cell death mechanically destabilizes the BZ to induce its transcriptional response.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Calcagno
- Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: D.M. Calcagno, N. Taghdiri
| | - N. Taghdiri
- Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: D.M. Calcagno, N. Taghdiri
| | - V. K. Ninh
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J. M. Mesfin
- Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A. Toomu
- Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R. Sehgal
- Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Y. Liang
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J. M. Duran
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - E. Adler
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - K. L. Christman
- Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - K. Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - F. Sheikh
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Z. Fu
- Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - K. R. King
- Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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6
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Chen J, Zhu AJ, Packard RRS, Vondriska TM, Chapski DJ. genomeSidekick: A user-friendly epigenomics data analysis tool. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 2:831025. [PMID: 36304311 PMCID: PMC9580848 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2022.831025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in epigenomics measurements have resulted in a preponderance of genomic sequencing datasets that require focused analyses to discover mechanisms governing biological processes. In addition, multiple epigenomics experiments are typically performed within the same study, thereby increasing the complexity and difficulty of making meaningful inferences from large datasets. One gap in the sequencing data analysis pipeline is the availability of tools to efficiently browse genomic data for scientists that do not have bioinformatics training. To bridge this gap, we developed genomeSidekick, a graphical user interface written in R that allows researchers to perform bespoke analyses on their transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility or chromatin immunoprecipitation data without the need for command line tools. Importantly, genomeSidekick outputs lists of up- and downregulated genes or chromatin features with differential accessibility or occupancy; visualizes omics data using interactive volcano plots; performs Gene Ontology analyses locally; and queries PubMed for selected gene candidates for further evaluation. Outputs can be saved using the user interface and the code underlying genomeSidekick can be edited for custom analyses. In summary, genomeSidekick brings wet lab scientists and bioinformaticians into a shared fluency with the end goal of driving mechanistic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ashley J. Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - René R. S. Packard
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Veterans Affairs West Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Thomas M. Vondriska
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Douglas J. Chapski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Douglas J. Chapski,
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7
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Song L, Bekdash R, Morikawa K, Quejada JR, Klein AD, Aina-Badejo D, Yoshida K, Yamamoto HE, Chalan A, Yang R, Patel A, Sirabella D, Lee TM, Joseph LC, Kawano F, Warren JS, Soni RK, Morrow JP, Yazawa M. Sigma non-opioid receptor 1 is a potential therapeutic target for long QT syndrome. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:142-156. [PMID: 36051854 PMCID: PMC9431959 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-021-00016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Some missense gain-of-function mutations in CACNA1C gene, encoding calcium channel CaV1.2, cause a life-threatening form of long QT syndrome named Timothy syndrome, with currently no clinically-effective therapeutics. Here we report that pharmacological targeting of sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (SIGMAR1) can restore electrophysiological function in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes generated from patients with Timothy syndrome and two common forms of long QT syndrome, type 1 (LQTS1) and 2 (LQTS2), caused by missense trafficking mutations in potassium channels. Electrophysiological recordings demonstrate that an FDA-approved cough suppressant, dextromethorphan, can be used as an agonist of SIGMAR1, to shorten the prolonged action potential in Timothy syndrome cardiomyocytes and human cellular models of LQTS1 and LQTS2. When tested in vivo, dextromethorphan also normalized the prolonged QT intervals in Timothy syndrome model mice. Overall, our study demonstrates that SIGMAR1 is a potential therapeutic target for Timothy syndrome and possibly other inherited arrhythmias such as LQTS1 and LQTS2.
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8
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Havlenova T, Skaroupkova P, Miklovic M, Behounek M, Chmel M, Jarkovska D, Sviglerova J, Stengl M, Kolar M, Novotny J, Benes J, Cervenka L, Petrak J, Melenovsky V. Right versus left ventricular remodeling in heart failure due to chronic volume overload. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17136. [PMID: 34429479 PMCID: PMC8384875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in heart failure (HF) are poorly understood. RV response to volume overload (VO), a common contributing factor to HF, is rarely studied. The goal was to identify interventricular differences in response to chronic VO. Rats underwent aorto-caval fistula (ACF)/sham operation to induce VO. After 24 weeks, RV and left ventricular (LV) functions, gene expression and proteomics were studied. ACF led to biventricular dilatation, systolic dysfunction and hypertrophy affecting relatively more RV. Increased RV afterload contributed to larger RV stroke work increment compared to LV. Both ACF ventricles displayed upregulation of genes of myocardial stress and metabolism. Most proteins reacted to VO in a similar direction in both ventricles, yet the expression changes were more pronounced in RV (pslope: < 0.001). The most upregulated were extracellular matrix (POSTN, NRAP, TGM2, CKAP4), cell adhesion (NCAM, NRAP, XIRP2) and cytoskeletal proteins (FHL1, CSRP3) and enzymes of carbohydrate (PKM) or norepinephrine (MAOA) metabolism. Downregulated were MYH6 and FAO enzymes. Therefore, when exposed to identical VO, both ventricles display similar upregulation of stress and metabolic markers. Relatively larger response of ACF RV compared to the LV may be caused by concomitant pulmonary hypertension. No evidence supports RV chamber-specific regulation of protein expression in response to VO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Havlenova
- grid.418930.70000 0001 2299 1368Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic ,grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Skaroupkova
- grid.418930.70000 0001 2299 1368Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Matus Miklovic
- grid.418930.70000 0001 2299 1368Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic ,grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Behounek
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XBIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Chmel
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XBIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Jarkovska
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XFaculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Sviglerova
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XFaculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Stengl
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XFaculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kolar
- grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Novotny
- grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Benes
- grid.418930.70000 0001 2299 1368Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Cervenka
- grid.418930.70000 0001 2299 1368Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic ,grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Petrak
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XBIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Melenovsky
- grid.418930.70000 0001 2299 1368Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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9
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Kerp H, Hönes GS, Tolstik E, Hönes-Wendland J, Gassen J, Moeller LC, Lorenz K, Führer D. Protective Effects of Thyroid Hormone Deprivation on Progression of Maladaptive Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:683522. [PMID: 34395557 PMCID: PMC8363198 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.683522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Thyroid hormones (TH) play a central role for cardiac function. TH influence heart rate and cardiac contractility, and altered thyroid function is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The precise role of TH in onset and progression of heart failure still requires clarification. Methods: Chronic left ventricular pressure overload was induced in mouse hearts by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). One week after TAC, alteration of TH status was induced and the impact on cardiac disease progression was studied longitudinally over 4 weeks in mice with hypo- or hyperthyroidism and was compared to euthyroid TAC controls. Serial assessment was performed for heart function (2D M-mode echocardiography), heart morphology (weight, fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area), and molecular changes in heart tissues (TH target gene expression, apoptosis, and mTOR activation) at 2 and 4 weeks. Results: In diseased heart, subsequent TH restriction stopped progression of maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy and improved cardiac function. In contrast and compared to euthyroid TAC controls, increased TH availability after TAC propelled maladaptive cardiac growth and development of heart failure. This was accompanied by a rise in cardiomyocyte apoptosis and mTOR pathway activation. Conclusion: This study shows, for the first time, a protective effect of TH deprivation against progression of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and development of congestive heart failure in mice with left ventricular pressure overload. Whether this also applies to the human situation needs to be determined in clinical studies and would infer a critical re-thinking of management of TH status in patients with hypertensive heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kerp
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Georg Sebastian Hönes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elen Tolstik
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Judith Hönes-Wendland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Janina Gassen
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars Christian Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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10
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Chen S, Wu Y, Qin X, Wen P, Liu J, Yang M. Global gene expression analysis using RNA-seq reveals the new roles of Panax notoginseng Saponins in ischemic cardiomyocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113639. [PMID: 33301914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), the main active ingredients of Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H.Chen, have been clinically used for cardiovascular diseases treatment in China as the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) (Duan et al., 2017). Evidence demonstrated that PNS protected cardiomyocytes from myocardial ischemia, but the more underlying molecular mechanisms of the protective effect are still unclear. The aims of this study are to systematically know the function of PNS and discover new roles of PNS in ischemic cardiomyocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS To confirm PNS function on ischemic cardiomyopathy, we established in vitro myocardial ischemia model on H9C2 cardiomyocyte line, which was induced by oxygen-glucose depletion (OGD). Then RNA-seq was carried out to systematically analyze global gene expression. This study was aimed to systematically investigate the protective effect and more potential molecular mechanisms of PNS on H9C2 cardiomyocytes in vitro through whole-transcriptome analysis with total RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). RESULTS PNS exhibited anti-apoptotic effect in H9C2 cardiomyocytes in OGD-induced myocardial ischemia model. Through RNA-seq, we found that OGD affected expression profiling of many genes, including upregulated and downregulated genes. PNS inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis and death through rescuing cell cycle arrest, the DNA double-strand breakage repair process and chromosome segregation. Interestingly, for the canonical signaling pathways regulation, RNA-seq showed PNS could inhibit cardiac hypertrophy, MAPK signaling pathway, and re-activate PI3K/AKT and AMPK signaling pathways. Experimental data also confirmed the PNS could protect cardiomyocytes from OGD-induced apoptosis through activating PI3K/AKT and AMPK signaling pathways. Moreover, RNA-seq demonstrated that the expression levels of many non-coding RNAs, such as miRNAs and lncRNAs, were significantly affected after PNS treatment, suggesting that PNS could protect cardiomyocytes through regulating non-coding RNAs. CONCLUSION RNA-seq systematically revealed different novel roles of Panax Notoginseng Saponins (PNS) in protecting cardiomyocytes from apoptosis, induced by myocardial ischemia, through rescuing cell cycle arrest and cardiac hypertrophy, re-activating the DNA double-strand breakage repair process, chromosome segregation, PI3K/Akt and AMPK signaling pathways and regulating non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxian Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Research Department of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yueheng Wu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Research Department of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xianyu Qin
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Pengju Wen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Juli Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W Walnut St, Indianapolis, 46202, IN, USA.
| | - Min Yang
- Research Department of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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11
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Yu ZY, Gong H, Wu J, Dai Y, Kesteven SH, Fatkin D, Martinac B, Graham RM, Feneley MP. Cardiac Gq Receptors and Calcineurin Activation Are Not Required for the Hypertrophic Response to Mechanical Left Ventricular Pressure Overload. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:639509. [PMID: 33659256 PMCID: PMC7917224 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.639509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale Gq-coupled receptors are thought to play a critical role in the induction of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) secondary to pressure overload, although mechano-sensitive channel activation by a variety of mechanisms has also been proposed, and the relative importance of calcineurin- and calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII)-dependent hypertrophic pathways remains controversial. Objective To determine the mechanisms regulating the induction of LVH in response to mechanical pressure overload. Methods and Results Transgenic mice with cardiac-targeted inhibition of Gq-coupled receptors (GqI mice) and their non-transgenic littermates (NTL) were subjected to neurohumoral stimulation (continuous, subcutaneous angiotensin II (AngII) infusion for 14 days) or mechanical pressure overload (transverse aortic arch constriction (TAC) for 21 days) to induce LVH. Candidate signaling pathway activation was examined. As expected, LVH observed in NTL mice with AngII infusion was attenuated in heterozygous (GqI+/-) mice and absent in homozygous (GqI-/-) mice. In contrast, LVH due to TAC was unaltered by either heterozygous or homozygous Gq inhibition. Gene expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and α-skeletal actin (α-SA) was increased 48 h after AngII infusion or TAC in NTL mice; in GqI mice, the increases in ANP, BNP and α-SA in response to AngII were completely absent, as expected, but all three increased after TAC. Increased nuclear translocation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells c4 (NFATc4), indicating calcineurin pathway activation, occurred in NTL mice with AngII infusion but not TAC, and was prevented in GqI mice infused with AngII. Nuclear and cytoplasmic CaMKIIδ levels increased in both NTL and GqI mice after TAC but not AngII infusion, with increased cytoplasmic phospho- and total histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) and increased nuclear myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) levels. Conclusion Cardiac Gq receptors and calcineurin activation are required for neurohumorally mediated LVH but not for LVH induced by mechanical pressure overload (TAC). Rather, TAC-induced LVH is associated with activation of the CaMKII-HDAC4-MEF2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yan Yu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Cardiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hutao Gong
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Yun Dai
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott H Kesteven
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Diane Fatkin
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Cardiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert M Graham
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Cardiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael P Feneley
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Cardiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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12
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Dill TL, Carroll A, Pinheiro A, Gao J, Naya FJ. The long noncoding RNA Meg3 regulates myoblast plasticity and muscle regeneration through epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Development 2021; 148:dev.194027. [PMID: 33298462 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Formation of skeletal muscle is among the most striking examples of cellular plasticity in animal tissue development, and while muscle progenitor cells are reprogrammed by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to migrate during embryonic development, the regulation of EMT in post-natal myogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Meg3 regulates EMT in myoblast differentiation and skeletal muscle regeneration. Chronic inhibition of Meg3 in C2C12 myoblasts induced EMT, and suppressed cell state transitions required for differentiation. Furthermore, adenoviral Meg3 knockdown compromised muscle regeneration, which was accompanied by abnormal mesenchymal gene expression and interstitial cell proliferation. Transcriptomic and pathway analyses of Meg3-depleted C2C12 myoblasts and injured skeletal muscle revealed a significant dysregulation of EMT-related genes, and identified TGFβ as a key upstream regulator. Importantly, inhibition of TGFβR1 and its downstream effectors, and the EMT transcription factor Snai2, restored many aspects of myogenic differentiation in Meg3-depleted myoblasts in vitro We further demonstrate that reduction of Meg3-dependent Ezh2 activity results in epigenetic alterations associated with TGFβ activation. Thus, Meg3 regulates myoblast identity to facilitate progression into differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany L Dill
- Department of Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alina Carroll
- Department of Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Amanda Pinheiro
- Department of Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jiachen Gao
- Department of Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Francisco J Naya
- Department of Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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13
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Guo H, Lu YW, Lin Z, Huang ZP, Liu J, Wang Y, Seok HY, Hu X, Ma Q, Li K, Kyselovic J, Wang Q, Lin JLC, Lin JJC, Cowan DB, Naya F, Chen Y, Pu WT, Wang DZ. Intercalated disc protein Xinβ is required for Hippo-YAP signaling in the heart. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4666. [PMID: 32938943 PMCID: PMC7494909 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercalated discs (ICD), specific cell-to-cell contacts that connect adjacent cardiomyocytes, ensure mechanical and electrochemical coupling during contraction of the heart. Mutations in genes encoding ICD components are linked to cardiovascular diseases. Here, we show that loss of Xinβ, a newly-identified component of ICDs, results in cardiomyocyte proliferation defects and cardiomyopathy. We uncovered a role for Xinβ in signaling via the Hippo-YAP pathway by recruiting NF2 to the ICD to modulate cardiac function. In Xinβ mutant hearts levels of phosphorylated NF2 are substantially reduced, suggesting an impairment of Hippo-YAP signaling. Cardiac-specific overexpression of YAP rescues cardiac defects in Xinβ knock-out mice—indicating a functional and genetic interaction between Xinβ and YAP. Our study reveals a molecular mechanism by which cardiac-expressed intercalated disc protein Xinβ modulates Hippo-YAP signaling to control heart development and cardiac function in a tissue specific manner. Consequently, this pathway may represent a therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Intercalated discs ensure mechanical and electrochemical coupling during contraction of the heart. Here, the authors show that loss of Xinβ results in cardiomyocyte proliferation defects and cardiomyopathy by influencing the Hippo-YAP signalling pathway, thus affecting cardiac development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yao Wei Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY, 13501, USA
| | - Zhan-Peng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hee Young Seok
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xiaoyun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kathryn Li
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jan Kyselovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Ruzinovska 6, 826 06, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Qingchuan Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 20215, USA
| | - Jenny L-C Lin
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jim J-C Lin
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Douglas B Cowan
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Francisco Naya
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - William T Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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14
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Chen Y, Xu F, Munkhsaikhan U, Boyle C, Borcky T, Zhao W, Purevjav E, Towbin JA, Liao F, Williams RW, Bhattacharya SK, Lu L, Sun Y. Identifying modifier genes for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 144:119-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Hong AR, Kim K, Lee JY, Yang JY, Kim JH, Shin CS, Kim SW. Transformation of Mature Osteoblasts into Bone Lining Cells and RNA Sequencing-Based Transcriptome Profiling of Mouse Bone during Mechanical Unloading. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2020; 35:456-469. [PMID: 32615730 PMCID: PMC7386115 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2020.35.2.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated RNA sequencing-based transcriptome profiling and the transformation of mature osteoblasts into bone lining cells (BLCs) through a lineage tracing study to better understand the effect of mechanical unloading on bone loss. METHODS Dmp1-CreERt2(+):Rosa26R mice were injected with 1 mg of 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen three times a week starting at postnatal week 7, and subjected to a combination of botulinum toxin injection with left hindlimb tenotomy starting at postnatal week 8 to 10. The animals were euthanized at postnatal weeks 8, 9, 10, and 12. We quantified the number and thickness of X-gal(+) cells on the periosteum of the right and left femoral bones at each time point. RESULTS Two weeks after unloading, a significant decrease in the number and a subtle change in the thickness of X-gal(+) cells were observed in the left hindlimbs compared with the right hindlimbs. At 4 weeks after unloading, the decrease in the thickness was accelerated in the left hindlimbs, although the number of labeled cells was comparable. RNA sequencing analysis showed downregulation of 315 genes in the left hindlimbs at 2 and 4 weeks after unloading. Of these, Xirp2, AMPD1, Mettl11b, NEXN, CYP2E1, Bche, Ppp1r3c, Tceal7, and Gadl1 were upregulated during osteoblastogenic/osteocytic and myogenic differentiation in vitro. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that mechanical unloading can accelerate the transformation of mature osteoblasts into BLCs in the early stages of bone loss in vivo. Furthermore, some of the genes involved in this process may have a pleiotropic effect on both bone and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ram Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju,
Korea
| | - Kwangsoo Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jung Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Chan Soo Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Sang Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
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16
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Yu J, Yang Y, Xu Z, Lan C, Chen C, Li C, Chen Z, Yu C, Xia X, Liao Q, Jose PA, Zeng C, Wu G. Long Noncoding RNA Ahit Protects Against Cardiac Hypertrophy Through SUZ12 (Suppressor of Zeste 12 Protein Homolog)-Mediated Downregulation of MEF2A (Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2A). Circ Heart Fail 2020; 13:e006525. [PMID: 31957467 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.119.006525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) can regulate various physiological and pathological processes through multiple molecular mechanisms in cis and in trans. However, the role of lncRNAs in cardiac hypertrophy is yet to be fully elucidated. METHODS A mouse lncRNA microarray was used to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs in the mouse hearts following transverse aortic constriction-induced pressure overload comparing to the sham-operated samples. The direct impact of one lncRNA, Ahit, on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was characterized in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes in response to phenylephrine by targeted knockdown and overexpression. The in vivo function of Ahit was analyzed in mouse hearts by using cardiac-specific adeno-associated virus, serotype 9-short hairpin RNA to knockdown Ahit in combination with transverse aortic constriction. Using catRAPID program, an interaction between Ahit and SUZ12 (suppressor of zeste 12 protein homolog) was predicted and validated by RNA immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting following RNA pull-down. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed to determine SUZ12 or H3K27me3 occupancy on the MEF2A (myocyte enhancer factor 2A) promoter. Finally, the expression of human Ahit (leukemia-associated noncoding IGF1R activator RNA 1 [LUNAR1]) in the serum samples from patients of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS A previously unannotated lncRNA, antihypertrophic interrelated transcript (Ahit), was identified to be upregulated in the mouse hearts after transverse aortic constriction. Inhibition of Ahit induced cardiac hypertrophy, both in vitro and in vivo, associated with increased expression of MEF2A, a critical transcriptional factor involved in cardiac hypertrophy. In contrast, overexpression of Ahit significantly attenuated stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vitro. Furthermore, Ahit was significantly upregulated in serum samples of patients diagnosed with hypertensive heart disease versus nonhypertrophic hearts (1.46±0.17 fold, P=0.0325). Mechanistically, Ahit directly bound and recruited SUZ12, a core PRC2 (polycomb repressive complex 2) protein, to the promoter of MEF2A, triggering its trimethylation on H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) residues and mediating the downregulation of MEF2A, thereby preventing cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS Ahit is a lncRNA with a significant role in cardiac hypertrophy regulation through epigenomic modulation. Ahit is a potential therapeutic target of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, P.R. China (J.Y., Y.Y., Z.X., C.L., C.C., C.L., Z.C., C.Y., X.X., Q.L., C.Z., G.W.)
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, P.R. China (J.Y., Y.Y., Z.X., C.L., C.C., C.L., Z.C., C.Y., X.X., Q.L., C.Z., G.W.)
| | - Zaicheng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, P.R. China (J.Y., Y.Y., Z.X., C.L., C.C., C.L., Z.C., C.Y., X.X., Q.L., C.Z., G.W.)
| | - Cong Lan
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, P.R. China (J.Y., Y.Y., Z.X., C.L., C.C., C.L., Z.C., C.Y., X.X., Q.L., C.Z., G.W.)
| | - Caiyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, P.R. China (J.Y., Y.Y., Z.X., C.L., C.C., C.L., Z.C., C.Y., X.X., Q.L., C.Z., G.W.)
| | - Chuanwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, P.R. China (J.Y., Y.Y., Z.X., C.L., C.C., C.L., Z.C., C.Y., X.X., Q.L., C.Z., G.W.)
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, P.R. China (J.Y., Y.Y., Z.X., C.L., C.C., C.L., Z.C., C.Y., X.X., Q.L., C.Z., G.W.)
| | - Cheng Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, P.R. China (J.Y., Y.Y., Z.X., C.L., C.C., C.L., Z.C., C.Y., X.X., Q.L., C.Z., G.W.)
| | - Xuewei Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, P.R. China (J.Y., Y.Y., Z.X., C.L., C.C., C.L., Z.C., C.Y., X.X., Q.L., C.Z., G.W.)
| | - Qiao Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, P.R. China (J.Y., Y.Y., Z.X., C.L., C.C., C.L., Z.C., C.Y., X.X., Q.L., C.Z., G.W.)
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Disease & Hypertension, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology/Physiology. The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (P.A.J.)
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, P.R. China (J.Y., Y.Y., Z.X., C.L., C.C., C.L., Z.C., C.Y., X.X., Q.L., C.Z., G.W.).,Cardiovascular Research Center, Chongqing College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, P.R. China (C.Z.)
| | - Gengze Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, P.R. China (J.Y., Y.Y., Z.X., C.L., C.C., C.L., Z.C., C.Y., X.X., Q.L., C.Z., G.W.)
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17
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McGivney BA, Han H, Corduff LR, Katz LM, Tozaki T, MacHugh DE, Hill EW. Genomic inbreeding trends, influential sire lines and selection in the global Thoroughbred horse population. Sci Rep 2020; 10:466. [PMID: 31949252 PMCID: PMC6965197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Thoroughbred horse is a highly valued domestic animal population under strong selection for athletic phenotypes. Here we present a high resolution genomics-based analysis of inbreeding in the population that may form the basis for evidence-based discussion amid concerns in the breeding industry over the increasing use of small numbers of popular sire lines, which may accelerate a loss of genetic diversity. In the most comprehensive globally representative sample of Thoroughbreds to-date (n = 10,118), including prominent stallions (n = 305) from the major bloodstock regions of the world, we show using pan-genomic SNP genotypes that there has been a highly significant decline in global genetic diversity during the last five decades (FIS R2 = 0.942, P = 2.19 × 10-13; FROH R2 = 0.88, P = 1.81 × 10-10) that has likely been influenced by the use of popular sire lines. Estimates of effective population size in the global and regional populations indicate that there is some level of regional variation that may be exploited to improve global genetic diversity. Inbreeding is often a consequence of selection, which in managed animal populations tends to be driven by preferences for cultural, aesthetic or economically advantageous phenotypes. Using a composite selection signals approach, we show that centuries of selection for favourable athletic traits among Thoroughbreds acts on genes with functions in behaviour, musculoskeletal conformation and metabolism. As well as classical selective sweeps at core loci, polygenic adaptation for functional modalities in cardiovascular signalling, organismal growth and development, cellular stress and injury, metabolic pathways and neurotransmitters and other nervous system signalling has shaped the Thoroughbred athletic phenotype. Our results demonstrate that genomics-based approaches to identify genetic outcrosses will add valuable objectivity to augment traditional methods of stallion selection and that genomics-based methods will be beneficial to actively monitor the population to address the marked inbreeding trend.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haige Han
- Plusvital Ltd, The Highline, Dun Laoghaire Business Park, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Leanne R Corduff
- Plusvital Ltd, The Highline, Dun Laoghaire Business Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lisa M Katz
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Teruaki Tozaki
- Genetic Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - David E MacHugh
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emmeline W Hill
- Plusvital Ltd, The Highline, Dun Laoghaire Business Park, Dublin, Ireland.
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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18
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McDonough CW, Magvanjav O, Sá ACC, El Rouby NM, Dave C, Deitchman AN, Kawaguchi-Suzuki M, Mei W, Shen Y, Singh RSP, Solayman M, Bailey KR, Boerwinkle E, Chapman AB, Gums JG, Webb A, Scherer SE, Sadee W, Turner ST, Cooper-DeHoff RM, Gong Y, Johnson JA. Genetic Variants Influencing Plasma Renin Activity in Hypertensive Patients From the PEAR Study (Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses). CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2019; 11:e001854. [PMID: 29650764 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.117.001854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma renin is an important regulator of blood pressure (BP). Plasma renin activity (PRA) has been shown to correlate with variability in BP response to antihypertensive agents. We conducted a genome-wide association study to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with baseline PRA using data from the PEAR study (Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses). METHODS Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in 461 whites and 297 blacks using an additive model, adjusting for age, sex, and ancestry-specific principal components. Top SNPs were prioritized by testing the expected direction of association for BP response to atenolol and hydrochlorothiazide. Top regions from the BP response prioritization were tested for functional evidence through differences in gene expression by genotype using RNA sequencing data. Regions with functional evidence were assessed for replication with baseline PRA in an independent study (PEAR-2). RESULTS Our top SNP rs3784921 was in the SNN-TXNDC11 gene region. The G allele of rs3784921 was associated with higher baseline PRA (β=0.47; P=2.09×10-6) and smaller systolic BP reduction in response to hydrochlorothiazide (β=2.97; 1-sided P=0.006). In addition, TXNDC11 expression differed by rs3784921 genotype (P=0.007), and rs1802409, a proxy SNP for rs3784921 (r2=0.98-1.00), replicated in PEAR-2 (β=0.15; 1-sided P=0.038). Additional SNPs associated with baseline PRA that passed BP response prioritization were in/near the genes CHD9, XIRP2, and GHR. CONCLUSIONS: We identified multiple regions associated with baseline PRA that were prioritized through BP response signals to 2 mechanistically different antihypertensive drugs. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00246519.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitrin W McDonough
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics (C.W.M., O.M., A.C.C.S., N.M.E.R., M.K.-S., M.S., J.G.G., R.M.C.-D., Y.G., J.A.J.), Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy (C.D.), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy (A.N.D., R.S.P.S.), Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute (A.C.C.S., Y.S.), Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (W.M.), Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine (J.G.G.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.M.C.-D., J.A.J.), University of Florida, Gainesville; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR (M.K.-S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (M.S.); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.B.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.T.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Human Genetics Center, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (E.B.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.B.C.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Pharmacogenomics (A.W.) and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine (W.S.), Ohio State University, Columbus; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (S.E.S.).
| | - Oyunbileg Magvanjav
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics (C.W.M., O.M., A.C.C.S., N.M.E.R., M.K.-S., M.S., J.G.G., R.M.C.-D., Y.G., J.A.J.), Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy (C.D.), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy (A.N.D., R.S.P.S.), Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute (A.C.C.S., Y.S.), Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (W.M.), Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine (J.G.G.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.M.C.-D., J.A.J.), University of Florida, Gainesville; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR (M.K.-S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (M.S.); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.B.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.T.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Human Genetics Center, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (E.B.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.B.C.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Pharmacogenomics (A.W.) and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine (W.S.), Ohio State University, Columbus; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (S.E.S.)
| | - Ana C C Sá
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics (C.W.M., O.M., A.C.C.S., N.M.E.R., M.K.-S., M.S., J.G.G., R.M.C.-D., Y.G., J.A.J.), Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy (C.D.), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy (A.N.D., R.S.P.S.), Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute (A.C.C.S., Y.S.), Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (W.M.), Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine (J.G.G.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.M.C.-D., J.A.J.), University of Florida, Gainesville; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR (M.K.-S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (M.S.); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.B.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.T.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Human Genetics Center, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (E.B.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.B.C.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Pharmacogenomics (A.W.) and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine (W.S.), Ohio State University, Columbus; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (S.E.S.)
| | - Nihal M El Rouby
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics (C.W.M., O.M., A.C.C.S., N.M.E.R., M.K.-S., M.S., J.G.G., R.M.C.-D., Y.G., J.A.J.), Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy (C.D.), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy (A.N.D., R.S.P.S.), Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute (A.C.C.S., Y.S.), Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (W.M.), Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine (J.G.G.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.M.C.-D., J.A.J.), University of Florida, Gainesville; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR (M.K.-S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (M.S.); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.B.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.T.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Human Genetics Center, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (E.B.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.B.C.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Pharmacogenomics (A.W.) and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine (W.S.), Ohio State University, Columbus; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (S.E.S.)
| | - Chintan Dave
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics (C.W.M., O.M., A.C.C.S., N.M.E.R., M.K.-S., M.S., J.G.G., R.M.C.-D., Y.G., J.A.J.), Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy (C.D.), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy (A.N.D., R.S.P.S.), Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute (A.C.C.S., Y.S.), Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (W.M.), Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine (J.G.G.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.M.C.-D., J.A.J.), University of Florida, Gainesville; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR (M.K.-S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (M.S.); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.B.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.T.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Human Genetics Center, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (E.B.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.B.C.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Pharmacogenomics (A.W.) and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine (W.S.), Ohio State University, Columbus; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (S.E.S.)
| | - Amelia N Deitchman
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics (C.W.M., O.M., A.C.C.S., N.M.E.R., M.K.-S., M.S., J.G.G., R.M.C.-D., Y.G., J.A.J.), Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy (C.D.), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy (A.N.D., R.S.P.S.), Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute (A.C.C.S., Y.S.), Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (W.M.), Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine (J.G.G.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.M.C.-D., J.A.J.), University of Florida, Gainesville; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR (M.K.-S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (M.S.); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.B.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.T.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Human Genetics Center, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (E.B.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.B.C.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Pharmacogenomics (A.W.) and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine (W.S.), Ohio State University, Columbus; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (S.E.S.)
| | - Marina Kawaguchi-Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics (C.W.M., O.M., A.C.C.S., N.M.E.R., M.K.-S., M.S., J.G.G., R.M.C.-D., Y.G., J.A.J.), Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy (C.D.), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy (A.N.D., R.S.P.S.), Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute (A.C.C.S., Y.S.), Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (W.M.), Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine (J.G.G.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.M.C.-D., J.A.J.), University of Florida, Gainesville; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR (M.K.-S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (M.S.); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.B.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.T.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Human Genetics Center, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (E.B.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.B.C.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Pharmacogenomics (A.W.) and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine (W.S.), Ohio State University, Columbus; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (S.E.S.)
| | - Wenbin Mei
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics (C.W.M., O.M., A.C.C.S., N.M.E.R., M.K.-S., M.S., J.G.G., R.M.C.-D., Y.G., J.A.J.), Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy (C.D.), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy (A.N.D., R.S.P.S.), Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute (A.C.C.S., Y.S.), Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (W.M.), Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine (J.G.G.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.M.C.-D., J.A.J.), University of Florida, Gainesville; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR (M.K.-S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (M.S.); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.B.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.T.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Human Genetics Center, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (E.B.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.B.C.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Pharmacogenomics (A.W.) and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine (W.S.), Ohio State University, Columbus; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (S.E.S.)
| | - Yong Shen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics (C.W.M., O.M., A.C.C.S., N.M.E.R., M.K.-S., M.S., J.G.G., R.M.C.-D., Y.G., J.A.J.), Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy (C.D.), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy (A.N.D., R.S.P.S.), Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute (A.C.C.S., Y.S.), Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (W.M.), Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine (J.G.G.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.M.C.-D., J.A.J.), University of Florida, Gainesville; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR (M.K.-S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (M.S.); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.B.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.T.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Human Genetics Center, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (E.B.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.B.C.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Pharmacogenomics (A.W.) and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine (W.S.), Ohio State University, Columbus; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (S.E.S.)
| | - Ravi Shankar Prasad Singh
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics (C.W.M., O.M., A.C.C.S., N.M.E.R., M.K.-S., M.S., J.G.G., R.M.C.-D., Y.G., J.A.J.), Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy (C.D.), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy (A.N.D., R.S.P.S.), Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute (A.C.C.S., Y.S.), Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (W.M.), Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine (J.G.G.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.M.C.-D., J.A.J.), University of Florida, Gainesville; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR (M.K.-S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (M.S.); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.B.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.T.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Human Genetics Center, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (E.B.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.B.C.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Pharmacogenomics (A.W.) and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine (W.S.), Ohio State University, Columbus; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (S.E.S.)
| | - Mohamed Solayman
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics (C.W.M., O.M., A.C.C.S., N.M.E.R., M.K.-S., M.S., J.G.G., R.M.C.-D., Y.G., J.A.J.), Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy (C.D.), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy (A.N.D., R.S.P.S.), Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute (A.C.C.S., Y.S.), Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (W.M.), Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine (J.G.G.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.M.C.-D., J.A.J.), University of Florida, Gainesville; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR (M.K.-S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (M.S.); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.B.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.T.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Human Genetics Center, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (E.B.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.B.C.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Pharmacogenomics (A.W.) and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine (W.S.), Ohio State University, Columbus; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (S.E.S.)
| | - Kent R Bailey
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics (C.W.M., O.M., A.C.C.S., N.M.E.R., M.K.-S., M.S., J.G.G., R.M.C.-D., Y.G., J.A.J.), Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy (C.D.), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy (A.N.D., R.S.P.S.), Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute (A.C.C.S., Y.S.), Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (W.M.), Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine (J.G.G.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.M.C.-D., J.A.J.), University of Florida, Gainesville; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR (M.K.-S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (M.S.); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.B.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.T.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Human Genetics Center, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (E.B.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.B.C.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Pharmacogenomics (A.W.) and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine (W.S.), Ohio State University, Columbus; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (S.E.S.)
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics (C.W.M., O.M., A.C.C.S., N.M.E.R., M.K.-S., M.S., J.G.G., R.M.C.-D., Y.G., J.A.J.), Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy (C.D.), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy (A.N.D., R.S.P.S.), Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute (A.C.C.S., Y.S.), Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (W.M.), Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine (J.G.G.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.M.C.-D., J.A.J.), University of Florida, Gainesville; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR (M.K.-S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (M.S.); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.B.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.T.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Human Genetics Center, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (E.B.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.B.C.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Pharmacogenomics (A.W.) and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine (W.S.), Ohio State University, Columbus; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (S.E.S.)
| | - Arlene B Chapman
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics (C.W.M., O.M., A.C.C.S., N.M.E.R., M.K.-S., M.S., J.G.G., R.M.C.-D., Y.G., J.A.J.), Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy (C.D.), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy (A.N.D., R.S.P.S.), Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute (A.C.C.S., Y.S.), Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (W.M.), Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine (J.G.G.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.M.C.-D., J.A.J.), University of Florida, Gainesville; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR (M.K.-S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (M.S.); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.B.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.T.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Human Genetics Center, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (E.B.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.B.C.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Pharmacogenomics (A.W.) and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine (W.S.), Ohio State University, Columbus; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (S.E.S.)
| | - John G Gums
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics (C.W.M., O.M., A.C.C.S., N.M.E.R., M.K.-S., M.S., J.G.G., R.M.C.-D., Y.G., J.A.J.), Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy (C.D.), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy (A.N.D., R.S.P.S.), Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute (A.C.C.S., Y.S.), Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (W.M.), Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine (J.G.G.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.M.C.-D., J.A.J.), University of Florida, Gainesville; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR (M.K.-S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (M.S.); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.B.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.T.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Human Genetics Center, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (E.B.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.B.C.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Pharmacogenomics (A.W.) and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine (W.S.), Ohio State University, Columbus; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (S.E.S.)
| | - Amy Webb
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics (C.W.M., O.M., A.C.C.S., N.M.E.R., M.K.-S., M.S., J.G.G., R.M.C.-D., Y.G., J.A.J.), Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy (C.D.), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy (A.N.D., R.S.P.S.), Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute (A.C.C.S., Y.S.), Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (W.M.), Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine (J.G.G.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.M.C.-D., J.A.J.), University of Florida, Gainesville; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR (M.K.-S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (M.S.); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.B.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.T.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Human Genetics Center, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (E.B.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.B.C.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Pharmacogenomics (A.W.) and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine (W.S.), Ohio State University, Columbus; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (S.E.S.)
| | - Steven E Scherer
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics (C.W.M., O.M., A.C.C.S., N.M.E.R., M.K.-S., M.S., J.G.G., R.M.C.-D., Y.G., J.A.J.), Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy (C.D.), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy (A.N.D., R.S.P.S.), Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute (A.C.C.S., Y.S.), Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (W.M.), Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine (J.G.G.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.M.C.-D., J.A.J.), University of Florida, Gainesville; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR (M.K.-S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (M.S.); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.B.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.T.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Human Genetics Center, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (E.B.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.B.C.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Pharmacogenomics (A.W.) and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine (W.S.), Ohio State University, Columbus; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (S.E.S.)
| | - Wolfgang Sadee
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics (C.W.M., O.M., A.C.C.S., N.M.E.R., M.K.-S., M.S., J.G.G., R.M.C.-D., Y.G., J.A.J.), Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy (C.D.), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy (A.N.D., R.S.P.S.), Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute (A.C.C.S., Y.S.), Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (W.M.), Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine (J.G.G.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.M.C.-D., J.A.J.), University of Florida, Gainesville; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR (M.K.-S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (M.S.); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.B.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.T.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Human Genetics Center, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (E.B.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.B.C.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Pharmacogenomics (A.W.) and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine (W.S.), Ohio State University, Columbus; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (S.E.S.)
| | - Stephen T Turner
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics (C.W.M., O.M., A.C.C.S., N.M.E.R., M.K.-S., M.S., J.G.G., R.M.C.-D., Y.G., J.A.J.), Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy (C.D.), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy (A.N.D., R.S.P.S.), Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute (A.C.C.S., Y.S.), Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (W.M.), Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine (J.G.G.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.M.C.-D., J.A.J.), University of Florida, Gainesville; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR (M.K.-S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (M.S.); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.B.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.T.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Human Genetics Center, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (E.B.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.B.C.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Pharmacogenomics (A.W.) and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine (W.S.), Ohio State University, Columbus; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (S.E.S.)
| | - Rhonda M Cooper-DeHoff
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics (C.W.M., O.M., A.C.C.S., N.M.E.R., M.K.-S., M.S., J.G.G., R.M.C.-D., Y.G., J.A.J.), Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy (C.D.), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy (A.N.D., R.S.P.S.), Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute (A.C.C.S., Y.S.), Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (W.M.), Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine (J.G.G.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.M.C.-D., J.A.J.), University of Florida, Gainesville; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR (M.K.-S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (M.S.); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.B.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.T.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Human Genetics Center, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (E.B.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.B.C.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Pharmacogenomics (A.W.) and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine (W.S.), Ohio State University, Columbus; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (S.E.S.)
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics (C.W.M., O.M., A.C.C.S., N.M.E.R., M.K.-S., M.S., J.G.G., R.M.C.-D., Y.G., J.A.J.), Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy (C.D.), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy (A.N.D., R.S.P.S.), Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute (A.C.C.S., Y.S.), Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (W.M.), Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine (J.G.G.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.M.C.-D., J.A.J.), University of Florida, Gainesville; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR (M.K.-S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (M.S.); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.B.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.T.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Human Genetics Center, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (E.B.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.B.C.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Pharmacogenomics (A.W.) and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine (W.S.), Ohio State University, Columbus; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (S.E.S.)
| | - Julie A Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics (C.W.M., O.M., A.C.C.S., N.M.E.R., M.K.-S., M.S., J.G.G., R.M.C.-D., Y.G., J.A.J.), Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy (C.D.), Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy (A.N.D., R.S.P.S.), Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute (A.C.C.S., Y.S.), Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (W.M.), Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine (J.G.G.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (R.M.C.-D., J.A.J.), University of Florida, Gainesville; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR (M.K.-S.); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (M.S.); Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.B.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (S.T.T.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Human Genetics Center, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (E.B.); Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (A.B.C.); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Pharmacogenomics (A.W.) and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine (W.S.), Ohio State University, Columbus; and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (S.E.S.)
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Dai G, Pu Z, Cheng X, Yin J, Chen J, Xu T, Zhang H, Li Z, Chen X, Chen J, Qin Y, Yang S. Whole-Exome Sequencing Reveals Novel Genetic Variation for Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Pediatric Chinese Patients. Pediatr Cardiol 2019; 40:950-957. [PMID: 30993396 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-019-02096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by left or bilateral ventricular dilation and systolic dysfunction without rational conditions, which can lead to progressive heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Most of the pathogenic genes have been reported in adult population by locus mapping in familial cases and animal model studies. However, it still remains challenging to decipher the role of genetics in the etiology of pediatric DCM. We applied whole-exome sequencing (WES) for 30 sporadic pediatric DCM subjects and 100 non-DCM local controls. We identified the pathogenic mutations using bioinformatics tools based on genomic strategies synergistically and confirmed mutations by Sanger sequencing. We identified compound heterozygous nonsense mutations in DSP (c.3799C > T, p.R1267X; c.4444G > T, p.E1482X). In sporadic cases, the two heterozygous mutations in XIRP2 were identified. Then we performed an exome-wide association study with 30 case and 100 control subjects. Interestingly, we could not identify TTN truncating variants in all cases. Collectively, we observed a significant risk signal between carriers of TTN deleterious missense variants and DCM risk (odds ratio 4.0, 95% confidence interval 1.1-22.2, p = 3.12 × 10-2). Our observations expanded the spectrum of mutations and were valuable in the pre- and postnatal screening and genetic diagnosis for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genyin Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhening Pu
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Xueying Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Echocardiography, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zewei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jinlong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yuming Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Shiwei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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20
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Hu T, Schreiter FC, Bagchi RA, Tatman PD, Hannink M, McKinsey TA. HDAC5 catalytic activity suppresses cardiomyocyte oxidative stress and NRF2 target gene expression. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8640-8652. [PMID: 30962285 PMCID: PMC6544848 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) and HDAC9 are class IIa HDACs that function as signal-responsive repressors of the epigenetic program for pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. The conserved deacetylase domains of HDAC5 and HDAC9 are not required for inhibition of cardiac hypertrophy. Thus, the biological function of class IIa HDAC catalytic activity in the heart remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that catalytic activity of HDAC5, but not HDAC9, suppresses mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and subsequent induction of NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-dependent antioxidant gene expression in cardiomyocytes. Treatment of cardiomyocytes with TMP195 or TMP269, which are selective class IIa HDAC inhibitors, or shRNA-mediated knockdown of HDAC5 but not HDAC9 leads to stimulation of NRF2-mediated transcription in a reactive oxygen species-dependent manner. Conversely, ectopic expression of catalytically active HDAC5 decreases cardiomyocyte oxidative stress and represses NRF2 activation. These findings establish a role of the catalytic domain of HDAC5 in the control of cardiomyocyte redox homeostasis and define TMP195 and TMP269 as a novel class of NRF2 activators that function by suppressing the enzymatic activity of an epigenetic regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjing Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Friederike C Schreiter
- Department of Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rushita A Bagchi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Philip D Tatman
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Mark Hannink
- Bond Life Sciences Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045.
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21
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MEF-2 isoforms' (A-D) roles in development and tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2755-2787. [PMID: 31105874 PMCID: PMC6505634 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocyte enhancer factor (MEF)-2 plays a critical role in proliferation, differentiation, and development of various cell types in a tissue specific manner. Four isoforms of MEF-2 (A-D) differentially participate in controlling the cell fate during the developmental phases of cardiac, muscle, vascular, immune and skeletal systems. Through their associations with various cellular factors MEF-2 isoforms can trigger alterations in complex protein networks and modulate various stages of cellular differentiation, proliferation, survival and apoptosis. The role of the MEF-2 family of transcription factors in the development has been investigated in various cell types, and the evolving alterations in this family of transcription factors have resulted in a diverse and wide spectrum of disease phenotypes, ranging from cancer to infection. This review provides a comprehensive account on MEF-2 isoforms (A-D) from their respective localization, signaling, role in development and tumorigenesis as well as their association with histone deacetylases (HDACs), which can be exploited for therapeutic intervention.
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22
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Martínez-Martínez S, Lozano-Vidal N, López-Maderuelo MD, Jiménez-Borreguero LJ, Armesilla ÁL, Redondo JM. Cardiomyocyte calcineurin is required for the onset and progression of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in adult mice. FEBS J 2018; 286:46-65. [PMID: 30548183 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that activation of calcineurin induces pathological cardiac hypertrophy (CH). In these studies, loss-of-function was mostly achieved by systemic administration of the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A. The lack of conditional knockout models for calcineurin function has impeded progress toward defining the role of this protein during the onset and the development of CH in adults. Here, we exploited a mouse model of CH based on the infusion of a hypertensive dose of angiotensin II (AngII) to model the role of calcineurin in CH in adulthood. AngII-induced CH in adult mice was reduced by treatment with cyclosporin A, without affecting the associated increase in blood pressure, and also by induction of calcineurin deletion in adult mouse cardiomyocytes, indicating that cardiomyocyte calcineurin is required for AngII-induced CH. Surprisingly, cardiac-specific deletion of calcineurin, but not treatment of mice with cyclosporin A, significantly reduced AngII-induced cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis. Analysis of profibrotic genes revealed that AngII-induced expression of Tgfβ family members and Lox was not inhibited by cyclosporin A but was markedly reduced by cardiac-specific calcineurin deletion. These results show that AngII induces a direct, calcineurin-dependent prohypertrophic effect in cardiomyocytes, as well as a systemic hypertensive effect that is independent of calcineurin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martínez-Martínez
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Noelia Lozano-Vidal
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores López-Maderuelo
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Luis J Jiménez-Borreguero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain.,Hospital de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Luis Armesilla
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain.,Research Institute in Healthcare Science, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Juan Miguel Redondo
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
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23
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Dopamine perturbation of gene co-expression networks reveals differential response in schizophrenia for translational machinery. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:278. [PMID: 30546022 PMCID: PMC6293320 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0325-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopaminergic hypothesis of schizophrenia (SZ) postulates that positive symptoms of SZ, in particular psychosis, are due to disturbed neurotransmission via the dopamine (DA) receptor D2 (DRD2). However, DA is a reactive molecule that yields various oxidative species, and thus has important non-receptor-mediated effects, with empirical evidence of cellular toxicity and neurodegeneration. Here we examine non-receptor-mediated effects of DA on gene co-expression networks and its potential role in SZ pathology. Transcriptomic profiles were measured by RNA-seq in B-cell transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines from 514 SZ cases and 690 controls, both before and after exposure to DA ex vivo (100 μM). Gene co-expression modules were identified using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis for both baseline and DA-stimulated conditions, with each module characterized for biological function and tested for association with SZ status and SNPs from a genome-wide panel. We identified seven co-expression modules under baseline, of which six were preserved in DA-stimulated data. One module shows significantly increased association with SZ after DA perturbation (baseline: P = 0.023; DA-stimulated: P = 7.8 × 10-5; ΔAIC = -10.5) and is highly enriched for genes related to ribosomal proteins and translation (FDR = 4 × 10-141), mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and neurodegeneration. SNP association testing revealed tentative QTLs underlying module co-expression, notably at FASTKD2 (top P = 2.8 × 10-6), a gene involved in mitochondrial translation. These results substantiate the role of translational machinery in SZ pathogenesis, providing insights into a possible dopaminergic mechanism disrupting mitochondrial function, and demonstrates the utility of disease-relevant functional perturbation in the study of complex genetic etiologies.
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24
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Farrell E, Armstrong AE, Grimes AC, Naya FJ, de Lange WJ, Ralphe JC. Transcriptome Analysis of Cardiac Hypertrophic Growth in MYBPC3-Null Mice Suggests Early Responders in Hypertrophic Remodeling. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1442. [PMID: 30410445 PMCID: PMC6210548 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: With a prevalence of 1 in 200 individuals, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is thought to be the most common genetic cardiac disease, with potential outcomes that include severe hypertrophy, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Though much research has furthered our understanding of how HCM-causing mutations in genes such as cardiac myosin-binding protein C (MYBPC3) impair contractile function, it remains unclear how such dysfunction leads to hypertrophy and/or arrhythmias, which comprise the HCM phenotype. Identification of early response mediators could provide rational therapeutic targets to reduce disease severity. Our goal was to differentiate physiologic and pathophysiologic hypertrophic growth responses and identify early genetic mediators in the development of cardiomegaly in the cardiac myosin-binding protein C-null (cMyBP-C-/-) mouse model of HCM. Methods and Results: We performed microarray analysis on left ventricles of wild-type (WT) and cMyBPC-/- mice (n = 7 each) at postnatal day (PND) 1 and PND 9, before and after the appearance of an overt HCM phenotype. Applying the criteria of ≥2-fold change, we identified genes whose change was exclusive to pathophysiologic growth (n = 61), physiologic growth (n = 30), and genes whose expression changed ≥2-fold in both WT and cMyBP-C-/- hearts (n = 130). Furthermore, we identified genes that were dysregulated in PND1 cMyBP-C-/- hearts prior to hypertrophy, including genes in mechanosensing pathways and potassium channels linked to arrhythmias. One gene of interest, Xirp2, and its protein product, are regulated during growth but also show early, robust prehypertrophic upregulation in cMyBP-C-/- hearts. Additionally, the transcription factor Zbtb16 also shows prehypertrophic upregulation at both gene and protein levels. Conclusion: Our transcriptome analysis generated a comprehensive data set comparing physiologic vs. hypertrophic growth in mice lacking cMyBP-C. It highlights the importance of extracellular matrix pathways in hypertrophic growth and early dysregulation of potassium channels. Prehypertrophic upregulation of Xirp2 in cMyBP-C-/- hearts supports a growing body of evidence suggesting Xirp2 has the capacity to elicit both hypertrophy and arrhythmias in HCM. Dysregulation of Xirp2, as well as Zbtb16, along with other genes associated with mechanosensing regions of the cardiomyocyte implicate stress-sensing in these regions as a potentially important early response in HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Farrell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Annie E Armstrong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Adrian C Grimes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Francisco J Naya
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Willem J de Lange
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - J Carter Ralphe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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25
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Yan K, Ponnusamy M, Xin Y, Wang Q, Li P, Wang K. The role of K63-linked polyubiquitination in cardiac hypertrophy. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4558-4567. [PMID: 30102008 PMCID: PMC6156430 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination, also known as ubiquitylation, is a vital post‐translational modification of proteins that play a crucial role in the multiple biological processes including cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis. K63‐linked ubiquitination is one of the vital post‐translational modifications of proteins that are involved in the activation of protein kinases and protein trafficking during cell survival and proliferation. It also contributes to the development of various disorders including cancer, neurodegeneration and cardiac hypertrophy. In this review, we summarize the role of K63‐linked ubiquitination signalling in protein kinase activation and its implications in cardiac hypertrophy. We have also provided our perspectives on therapeutically targeting K63‐linked ubiquitination in downstream effector molecules of growth factor receptors for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaowen Yan
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Ying Xin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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26
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Maruyama S, Wu CL, Yoshida S, Zhang D, Li PH, Wu F, Parker Duffen J, Yao R, Jardin B, Adham IM, Law R, Berger J, Di Marchi R, Walsh K. Relaxin Family Member Insulin-Like Peptide 6 Ameliorates Cardiac Fibrosis and Prevents Cardiac Remodeling in Murine Heart Failure Models. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e008441. [PMID: 29887522 PMCID: PMC6220528 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insulin/insulin-like growth factor/relaxin family represents a group of structurally related but functionally diverse proteins. The family member relaxin-2 has been evaluated in clinical trials for its efficacy in the treatment of acute heart failure. In this study, we assessed the role of insulin-like peptide 6 (INSL6), another member of this protein family, in murine heart failure models using genetic loss-of-function and protein delivery methods. METHODS AND RESULTS Insl6-deficient and wild-type (C57BL/6N) mice were administered angiotensin II or isoproterenol via continuous infusion with an osmotic pump or via intraperitoneal injection once a day, respectively, for 2 weeks. In both models, Insl6-knockout mice exhibited greater cardiac systolic dysfunction and left ventricular dilatation. Cardiac dysfunction in the Insl6-knockout mice was associated with more extensive cardiac fibrosis and greater expression of fibrosis-associated genes. The continuous infusion of chemically synthesized INSL6 significantly attenuated left ventricular systolic dysfunction and cardiac fibrosis induced by isoproterenol infusion. Gene expression profiling suggests liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor signaling is activated in the isoproterenol-challenged hearts treated with INSL6 protein. CONCLUSIONS Endogenous Insl6 protein inhibits cardiac systolic dysfunction and cardiac fibrosis in angiotensin II- and isoproterenol-induced cardiac stress models. The administration of recombinant INSL6 protein could have utility for the treatment of heart failure and cardiac fibrosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/deficiency
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Liver X Receptors/genetics
- Liver X Receptors/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Retinoid X Receptors/genetics
- Retinoid X Receptors/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/pathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/prevention & control
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonomi Maruyama
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Chia-Ling Wu
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Sumiko Yoshida
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Dongying Zhang
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Pei-Hsuan Li
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Fangzhou Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Jennifer Parker Duffen
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Rouan Yao
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Blake Jardin
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Ibrahim M Adham
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ronald Law
- New Frontier Science, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA
| | - Joel Berger
- New Frontier Science, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Kenneth Walsh
- Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Center for Hematovascular Biology, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
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27
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Shu J, Liu Z, Jin L, Wang H. An RNA‑sequencing study identifies candidate genes for angiotensin II‑induced cardiac remodeling. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1954-1962. [PMID: 29138860 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to reveal the underlying mechanism of angiotensin II (AngII)‑induced cardiac remodeling and to identify potential therapeutic targets for prevention. Rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were cultured with 10 nM AngII for 12 h, and CFs without AngII were used as the control. Following RNA isolation from AngII treated and control CFs, RNA‑sequencing was performed to detect gene expression levels. Differentially‑expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the linear models for microarray analysis package in R software, and their functions and pathways were examined via enrichment analysis. In addition, potential associations at the protein level were revealed via the construction of a protein‑protein interaction (PPI) network. The expression levels of genes of interest were validated via reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. In total, 126 upregulated and 140 downregulated DEGs were identified. According to the enrichment analysis, acetyl coA carboxylase β (ACACB), interleukin 1β (IL1B), interleukin 1α (IL1A), nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and matrix metallopeptidase 3 (MMP3) were associated with the immune response, regulation of angiogenesis, superoxide metabolic process and carboxylic acid binding biological processes. Among them, ACACB and MPP3 were two predominant nodes in the PPI network. In addition, IL1B and MMP3 were demonstrated to be upregulated. These five genes, particularly IL1B and MMP3, may be used as candidate markers for the prevention of AngII‑induced cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shu
- Department of Gerontology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Zhanwen Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Li Jin
- Department of Gerontology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Haiya Wang
- Department of Gerontology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
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28
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Redina OE, Smolenskaya SE, Fedoseeva LA, Markel AL. Differentially expressed genes in the locus associated with relative kidney weight and resting blood pressure in hypertensive rats of the ISIAH strain. Mol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893316050149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Campbell‐Staton SC, Edwards SV, Losos JB. Climate‐mediated adaptation after mainland colonization of an ancestrally subtropical island lizard,
A
nolis carolinensis. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:2168-2180. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S. V. Edwards
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA USA
- Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University Cambridge MA USA
| | - J. B. Losos
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA USA
- Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University Cambridge MA USA
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30
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Ji YX, Zhang P, Zhang XJ, Zhao YC, Deng KQ, Jiang X, Wang PX, Huang Z, Li H. The ubiquitin E3 ligase TRAF6 exacerbates pathological cardiac hypertrophy via TAK1-dependent signalling. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11267. [PMID: 27249171 PMCID: PMC4895385 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is a ubiquitin E3 ligase that regulates important biological processes. However, the role of TRAF6 in cardiac hypertrophy remains unknown. Here, we show that TRAF6 levels are increased in human and murine hypertrophied hearts, which is regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Cardiac-specific Traf6 overexpression exacerbates cardiac hypertrophy in response to pressure overload or angiotensin II (Ang II) challenge, whereas Traf6 deficiency causes an alleviated hypertrophic phenotype in mice. Mechanistically, we show that ROS, generated during hypertrophic progression, triggers TRAF6 auto-ubiquitination that facilitates recruitment of TAB2 and its binding to transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), which, in turn, enables the direct TRAF6-TAK1 interaction and promotes TAK1 ubiquitination. The binding of TRAF6 to TAK1 and the induction of TAK1 ubiquitination and activation are indispensable for TRAF6-regulated cardiac remodelling. Taken together, we define TRAF6 as an essential molecular switch leading to cardiac hypertrophy in a TAK1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xiao Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ke-Qiong Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Pi-Xiao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zan Huang
- College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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31
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Leber Y, Ruparelia AA, Kirfel G, van der Ven PFM, Hoffmann B, Merkel R, Bryson-Richardson RJ, Fürst DO. Filamin C is a highly dynamic protein associated with fast repair of myofibrillar microdamage. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:2776-2788. [PMID: 27206985 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamin c (FLNc) is a large dimeric actin-binding protein located at premyofibrils, myofibrillar Z-discs and myofibrillar attachment sites of striated muscle cells, where it is involved in mechanical stabilization, mechanosensation and intracellular signaling. Mutations in the gene encoding FLNc give rise to skeletal muscle diseases and cardiomyopathies. Here, we demonstrate by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching that a large fraction of FLNc is highly mobile in cultured neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes and in cardiac and skeletal muscles of live transgenic zebrafish embryos. Analysis of cardiomyocytes from Xirp1 and Xirp2 deficient animals indicates that both Xin actin-binding repeat-containing proteins stabilize FLNc selectively in premyofibrils. Using a novel assay to analyze myofibrillar microdamage and subsequent repair in cultured contracting cardiomyocytes by live cell imaging, we demonstrate that repair of damaged myofibrils is achieved within only 4 h, even in the absence of de novo protein synthesis. FLNc is immediately recruited to these sarcomeric lesions together with its binding partner aciculin and precedes detectable assembly of filamentous actin and recruitment of other myofibrillar proteins. These data disclose an unprecedented degree of flexibility of the almost crystalline contractile machinery and imply FLNc as a dynamic signaling hub, rather than a primarily structural protein. Our myofibrillar damage/repair model illustrates how (cardio)myocytes are kept functional in their mechanically and metabolically strained environment. Our results help to better understand the pathomechanisms and pathophysiology of early stages of FLNc-related myofibrillar myopathy and skeletal and cardiac diseases preceding pathological protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Leber
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, D53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Avnika A Ruparelia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gregor Kirfel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, D53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter F M van der Ven
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, D53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Department of Biomechanics (ICS-7), Institute of Complex Systems, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D52428 Jülich, Germany and
| | - Rudolf Merkel
- Department of Biomechanics (ICS-7), Institute of Complex Systems, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D52428 Jülich, Germany and.,Department of Biomechanics, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, D53115 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Dieter O Fürst
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, D53121 Bonn, Germany
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32
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Clark AL, Maruyama S, Sano S, Accorsi A, Girgenrath M, Walsh K, Naya FJ. miR-410 and miR-495 Are Dynamically Regulated in Diverse Cardiomyopathies and Their Inhibition Attenuates Pathological Hypertrophy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151515. [PMID: 26999812 PMCID: PMC4801331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs have emerged as important modulators in cardiac development and pathological remodeling. Recently, we demonstrated that regulation of the Gtl2-Dio3 noncoding RNA locus is dependent on the MEF2 transcription factor in cardiac muscle, and that two of its encoded miRNAs, miR-410 and miR-495, induce robust cardiomyocyte proliferation. Given the possibility of manipulating the expression of these miRNAs to repair the damaged heart by stimulating cardiomyocyte proliferation, it is important to determine whether the Gtl2-Dio3 noncoding RNAs are regulated in cardiac disease and whether they function downstream of pathological cardiac stress signaling. Therefore, we examined expression of the above miRNAs processed from the Gtl2-Dio3 locus in various cardiomyopathies. These noncoding RNAs were upregulated in all cardiac disease models examined including myocardial infarction (MI) and chronic angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulation, and in the cardiomyopathies associated with muscular dystrophies. Consistent with these observations, we show that the Gtl2-Dio3 proximal promoter is activated by stress stimuli in cardiomyocytes and requires MEF2 for its induction. Furthermore, inhibiting miR-410 or miR-495 in stressed cardiomyocytes attenuated the hypertrophic response. Thus, the Gtl2-Dio3 noncoding RNA locus is a novel marker of cardiac disease and modulating the activity of its encoded miRNAs may mitigate pathological cardiac remodeling in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Clark
- Department of Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sonomi Maruyama
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Soichi Sano
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anthony Accorsi
- Health Sciences Department, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mahasweta Girgenrath
- Health Sciences Department, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Francisco J Naya
- Department of Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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33
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Identification of Region-Specific Myocardial Gene Expression Patterns in a Chronic Swine Model of Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134146. [PMID: 26252659 PMCID: PMC4529093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical repair of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is highly successful but may be complicated in adulthood by arrhythmias, sudden death, and right ventricular or biventricular dysfunction. To better understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of these delayed cardiac events, a chronic animal model of postoperative TOF was studied using microarrays to perform cardiac transcriptomic studies. The experimental study included 12 piglets (7 rTOF and 5 controls) that underwent surgery at age 2 months and were further studied after 23 (+/- 1) weeks of postoperative recovery. Two distinct regions (endocardium and epicardium) from both ventricles were analyzed. Expression levels from each localization were compared in order to decipher mechanisms and signaling pathways leading to ventricular dysfunction and arrhythmias in surgically repaired TOF. Several genes were confirmed to participate in ventricular remodeling and cardiac failure and some new candidate genes were described. In particular, these data pointed out FRZB as a heart failure marker. Moreover, calcium handling and contractile function genes (SLN, ACTC1, PLCD4, PLCZ), potential arrhythmia-related genes (MYO5B, KCNA5), and cytoskeleton and cellular organization-related genes (XIRP2, COL8A1, KCNA6) were among the most deregulated genes in rTOF ventricles. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive report on global gene expression profiling in the heart of a long-term swine model of repaired TOF.
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34
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Clark AL, Naya FJ. MicroRNAs in the Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (MEF2)-regulated Gtl2-Dio3 Noncoding RNA Locus Promote Cardiomyocyte Proliferation by Targeting the Transcriptional Coactivator Cited2. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:23162-72. [PMID: 26240138 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.672659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding cell cycle regulation in postmitotic cardiomyocytes may lead to new therapeutic approaches to regenerate damaged cardiac tissue. We have demonstrated previously that microRNAs encoded by the Gtl2-Dio3 noncoding RNA locus function downstream of the MEF2A transcription factor in skeletal muscle regeneration. We have also reported expression of these miRNAs in the heart. Here we investigated the role of two Gtl2-Dio3 miRNAs, miR-410 and miR-495, in cardiac muscle. Overexpression of miR-410 and miR-495 robustly stimulated cardiomyocyte DNA synthesis and proliferation. Interestingly, unlike our findings in skeletal muscle, these miRNAs did not modulate the activity of the WNT signaling pathway. Instead, these miRNAs targeted Cited2, a coactivator required for proper cardiac development. Consistent with miR-410 and miR-495 overexpression, siRNA knockdown of Cited2 in neonatal cardiomyocytes resulted in robust proliferation. This phenotype was associated with reduced expression of Cdkn1c/p57/Kip2, a cell cycle inhibitor, and increased expression of VEGFA, a growth factor with proliferation-promoting effects. Therefore, miR-410 and miR-495 are among a growing number of miRNAs that have the ability to potently stimulate neonatal cardiomyocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Clark
- From the Department of Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Francisco J Naya
- From the Department of Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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35
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Banerji J. Asparaginase treatment side-effects may be due to genes with homopolymeric Asn codons (Review-Hypothesis). Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:607-26. [PMID: 26178806 PMCID: PMC4533780 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present treatment of childhood T-cell leukemias involves the systemic administration of prokary-otic L-asparaginase (ASNase), which depletes plasma Asparagine (Asn) and inhibits protein synthesis. The mechanism of therapeutic action of ASNase is poorly understood, as are the etiologies of the side-effects incurred by treatment. Protein expression from genes bearing Asn homopolymeric coding regions (N-hCR) may be particularly susceptible to Asn level fluctuation. In mammals, N-hCR are rare, short and conserved. In humans, misfunctions of genes encoding N-hCR are associated with a cluster of disorders that mimic ASNase therapy side-effects which include impaired glycemic control, dislipidemia, pancreatitis, compromised vascular integrity, and neurological dysfunction. This paper proposes that dysregulation of Asn homeostasis, potentially even by ASNase produced by the microbiome, may contribute to several clinically important syndromes by altering expression of N-hCR bearing genes. By altering amino acid abundance and modulating ribosome translocation rates at codon repeats, the microbiomic environment may contribute to genome decoding and to shaping the proteome. We suggest that impaired translation at poly Asn codons elevates diabetes risk and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Banerji
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, MGH, Simches Research Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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36
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EGR1 Functions as a Potent Repressor of MEF2 Transcriptional Activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127641. [PMID: 26011708 PMCID: PMC4444265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factor requires interactions with co-factors for precise regulation of its target genes. Our lab previously reported that the mammalian MEF2A isoform regulates the cardiomyocyte costamere, a critical muscle-specific focal adhesion complex involved in contractility, through its transcriptional control of genes encoding proteins localized to this cytoskeletal structure. To further dissect the transcriptional mechanisms of costamere gene regulation and identify potential co-regulators of MEF2A, a bioinformatics analysis of transcription factor binding sites was performed using the proximal promoter regions of selected costamere genes. One of these predicted sites belongs to the early growth response (EGR) transcription factor family. The EGR1 isoform has been shown to be involved in a number of pathways in cardiovascular homeostasis and disease, making it an intriguing candidate MEF2 coregulator to further characterize. Here, we demonstrate that EGR1 interacts with MEF2A and is a potent and specific repressor of MEF2 transcriptional activity. Furthermore, we show that costamere gene expression in cardiomyocytes is dependent on EGR1 transcriptional activity. This study identifies a mechanism by which MEF2 activity can be modulated to ensure that costamere gene expression is maintained at levels commensurate with cardiomyocyte contractile activity.
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Estrella NL, Desjardins CA, Nocco SE, Clark AL, Maksimenko Y, Naya FJ. MEF2 transcription factors regulate distinct gene programs in mammalian skeletal muscle differentiation. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:1256-68. [PMID: 25416778 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.589838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle differentiation requires precisely coordinated transcriptional regulation of diverse gene programs that ultimately give rise to the specialized properties of this cell type. In Drosophila, this process is controlled, in part, by MEF2, the sole member of an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor family. By contrast, vertebrate MEF2 is encoded by four distinct genes, Mef2a, -b, -c, and -d, making it far more challenging to link this transcription factor to the regulation of specific muscle gene programs. Here, we have taken the first step in molecularly dissecting vertebrate MEF2 transcriptional function in skeletal muscle differentiation by depleting individual MEF2 proteins in myoblasts. Whereas MEF2A is absolutely required for proper myoblast differentiation, MEF2B, -C, and -D were found to be dispensable for this process. Furthermore, despite the extensive redundancy, we show that mammalian MEF2 proteins regulate a significant subset of nonoverlapping gene programs. These results suggest that individual MEF2 family members are able to recognize specific targets among the entire cohort of MEF2-regulated genes in the muscle genome. These findings provide opportunities to modulate the activity of MEF2 isoforms and their respective gene programs in skeletal muscle homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelsa L Estrella
- From the Department of Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Cody A Desjardins
- From the Department of Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Sarah E Nocco
- From the Department of Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Amanda L Clark
- From the Department of Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Yevgeniy Maksimenko
- From the Department of Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Francisco J Naya
- From the Department of Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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Jia LX, Qi GM, Liu O, Li TT, Yang M, Cui W, Zhang WM, Qi YF, Du J. Inhibition of platelet activation by clopidogrel prevents hypertension-induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2014; 27:521-30. [PMID: 23887740 PMCID: PMC3830206 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-013-6471-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Platelets are essential for primary hemostasis; however, platelet activation also plays an important proinflammatory role. Inflammation promotes the development of cardiac fibrosis and heart failure induced by hypertension. In this study, we aimed to determine whether inhibiting platelet activation using clopidogrel could inhibit hypertension-induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Methods Using a mouse model of angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion (1,500 ng/[kg·min] for 7 days), we determined the role of platelet activation in Ang II infusion-induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis using a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor, clopidogrel (50 mg/[kg·day]). Results CD41 staining showed that platelets accumulated in Ang II-infused hearts. Clopidogrel treatment inhibited Ang II infusion-induced accumulation of α-SMA+ myofibroblasts and cardiac fibrosis (4.17 ± 1.26 vs. 1.46 ± 0.81, p < 0.05). Infiltration of inflammatory cells, including Mac-2+ macrophages and CD45+Ly6G+ neutrophils (30.38 ± 4.12 vs. 18.7 ± 2.38, p < 0.05), into Ang II-infused hearts was also suppressed by platelet inhibition. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemical staining showed that platelet inhibition significantly decreased the expression of interleukin-1β and transforming growth factor-β. Acute injection of Ang II or PE stimulated platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte conjugation, which were abolished by clopidogrel treatment. Conclusion Thus, inhibition of platelet activation by clopidogrel prevents cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in response to Ang II. Taken together, our results indicate Ang II infusion-induced hypertension stimulated platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte conjugation, which initiated inflammatory responses that contributed to cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xin Jia
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institutue of Heart Lung & Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Guan-Ming Qi
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institutue of Heart Lung & Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Ou Liu
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institutue of Heart Lung & Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Tao-Tao Li
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institutue of Heart Lung & Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Min Yang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institutue of Heart Lung & Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Wei Cui
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institutue of Heart Lung & Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Wen-Mei Zhang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institutue of Heart Lung & Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Yong-Fen Qi
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institutue of Heart Lung & Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institutue of Heart Lung & Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, 100029 China
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Wang Q, Lin JLC, Erives AJ, Lin CI, Lin JJC. New insights into the roles of Xin repeat-containing proteins in cardiac development, function, and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 310:89-128. [PMID: 24725425 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800180-6.00003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of Xin repeat-containing proteins in 1996, the importance of Xin proteins in muscle development, function, regeneration, and disease has been continuously implicated. Most Xin proteins are localized to myotendinous junctions of the skeletal muscle and also to intercalated discs (ICDs) of the heart. The Xin gene is only found in vertebrates, which are characterized by a true chambered heart. This suggests that the evolutionary origin of the Xin gene may have played a key role in vertebrate origins. Diverse vertebrates including mammals possess two paralogous genes, Xinα (or Xirp1) and Xinβ (or Xirp2), and this review focuses on the role of their encoded proteins in cardiac muscles. Complete loss of mouse Xinβ (mXinβ) results in the failure of forming ICD, severe growth retardation, and early postnatal lethality. Deletion of mouse Xinα (mXinα) leads to late-onset cardiomyopathy with conduction defects. Molecular studies have identified three classes of mXinα-interacting proteins: catenins, actin regulators/modulators, and ion-channel subunits. Thus, mXinα acts as a scaffolding protein modulating the N-cadherin-mediated adhesion and ion-channel surface expression. Xin expression is significantly upregulated in early stages of stressed hearts, whereas Xin expression is downregulated in failing hearts from various human cardiomyopathies. Thus, mutations in these Xin loci may lead to diverse cardiomyopathies and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinchuan Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Albert J Erives
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Cheng-I Lin
- Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Eulitz S, Sauer F, Pelissier MC, Boisguerin P, Molt S, Schuld J, Orfanos Z, Kley RA, Volkmer R, Wilmanns M, Kirfel G, van der Ven PFM, Fürst DO. Identification of Xin-repeat proteins as novel ligands of the SH3 domains of nebulin and nebulette and analysis of their interaction during myofibril formation and remodeling. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:3215-26. [PMID: 23985323 PMCID: PMC3810769 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-04-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The striated muscle–specific actin-binding proteins Xin and Xirp2 are identified as novel ligands of the SH3 domains of the thin filament ruler nebulin and nebulette. The interaction is spatially restricted to structures associated with myofibril development or remodeling, indicating a role for these proteins in myofibril assembly and repair. The Xin actin-binding repeat–containing proteins Xin and XIRP2 are exclusively expressed in striated muscle cells, where they are believed to play an important role in development. In adult muscle, both proteins are concentrated at attachment sites of myofibrils to the membrane. In contrast, during development they are localized to immature myofibrils together with their binding partner, filamin C, indicating an involvement of both proteins in myofibril assembly. We identify the SH3 domains of nebulin and nebulette as novel ligands of proline-rich regions of Xin and XIRP2. Precise binding motifs are mapped and shown to bind both SH3 domains with micromolar affinity. Cocrystallization of the nebulette SH3 domain with the interacting XIRP2 peptide PPPTLPKPKLPKH reveals selective interactions that conform to class II SH3 domain–binding peptides. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments in cultured muscle cells indicate a temporally restricted interaction of Xin-repeat proteins with nebulin/nebulette during early stages of myofibril development that is lost upon further maturation. In mature myofibrils, this interaction is limited to longitudinally oriented structures associated with myofibril development and remodeling. These data provide new insights into the role of Xin actin-binding repeat–containing proteins (together with their interaction partners) in myofibril assembly and after muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Eulitz
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany European Molecular Biology Laboratory-Hamburg/Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany Department of Medicinal Immunology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Center Ruhrgebiet, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44789 Bochum, Germany
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Mourkioti F, Kustan J, Kraft P, Day JW, Zhao MM, Kost-Alimova M, Protopopov A, DePinho RA, Bernstein D, Meeker AK, Blau HM. Role of telomere dysfunction in cardiac failure in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Nat Cell Biol 2013; 15:895-904. [PMID: 23831727 PMCID: PMC3774175 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common inherited muscular dystrophy of childhood, leads to death due to cardiorespiratory failure. Paradoxically, mdx mice with the same genetic deficiency of dystrophin exhibit minimal cardiac dysfunction, impeding the development of therapies. We postulated that the difference between mdx and DMD might result from differences in telomere lengths in mice and humans. We show here that, like DMD patients, mice that lack dystrophin and have shortened telomeres (mdx/mTR(KO)) develop severe functional cardiac deficits including ventricular dilation, contractile and conductance dysfunction, and accelerated mortality. These cardiac defects are accompanied by telomere erosion, mitochondrial fragmentation and increased oxidative stress. Treatment with antioxidants significantly retards the onset of cardiac dysfunction and death of mdx/mTR(KO) mice. In corroboration, all four of the DMD patients analysed had 45% shorter telomeres in their cardiomyocytes relative to age- and sex-matched controls. We propose that the demands of contraction in the absence of dystrophin coupled with increased oxidative stress conspire to accelerate telomere erosion culminating in cardiac failure and death. These findings provide strong support for a link between telomere length and dystrophin deficiency in the etiology of dilated cardiomyopathy in DMD and suggest preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Mourkioti
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Clinical Sciences Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jackie Kustan
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Clinical Sciences Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Peggy Kraft
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Clinical Sciences Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John W. Day
- Department of Neurology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ming-Ming Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maria Kost-Alimova
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexei Protopopov
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ronald A. DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alan K. Meeker
- Department of Pathology, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Helen M. Blau
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Clinical Sciences Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Snyder CM, Rice AL, Estrella NL, Held A, Kandarian SC, Naya FJ. MEF2A regulates the Gtl2-Dio3 microRNA mega-cluster to modulate WNT signaling in skeletal muscle regeneration. Development 2013; 140:31-42. [PMID: 23154418 PMCID: PMC3513991 DOI: 10.1242/dev.081851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle regeneration is crucial to exploiting this pathway for use in tissue repair. Our data demonstrate that the MEF2A transcription factor plays an essential role in skeletal muscle regeneration in adult mice. Injured Mef2a knockout mice display widespread necrosis and impaired myofiber formation. MEF2A controls this process through its direct regulation of the largest known mammalian microRNA (miRNA) cluster, the Gtl2-Dio3 locus. A subset of the Gtl2-Dio3 miRNAs represses secreted Frizzled-related proteins (sFRPs), inhibitors of WNT signaling. Consistent with these data, Gtl2-Dio3-encoded miRNAs are downregulated in regenerating Mef2a knockout muscle, resulting in upregulated sFRP expression and attenuated WNT activity. Furthermore, myogenic differentiation in Mef2a-deficient myoblasts is rescued by overexpression of miR-410 and miR-433, two miRNAs in the Gtl2-Dio3 locus that repress sFRP2, or by treatment with recombinant WNT3A and WNT5A. Thus, miRNA-mediated modulation of WNT signaling by MEF2A is a requisite step for proper muscle regeneration, and represents an attractive pathway for enhancing regeneration of diseased muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Snyder
- Department of Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Amanda L. Rice
- Department of Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nelsa L. Estrella
- Department of Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Aaron Held
- Department of Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Francisco J. Naya
- Department of Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Sayed D, He M, Yang Z, Lin L, Abdellatif M. Transcriptional regulation patterns revealed by high resolution chromatin immunoprecipitation during cardiac hypertrophy. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:2546-58. [PMID: 23229551 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.429449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by a generalized increase in gene expression that is commensurate with the increase in myocyte size and mass, on which is superimposed more robust changes in the expression of specialized genes. Both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms play fundamental roles in these processes; however, genome-wide characterization of the transcriptional changes has not been investigated. Our goal was to identify the extent and modes, RNA polymerase II (pol II) pausing versus recruitment, of transcriptional regulation underlying cardiac hypertrophy. We used anti-pol II and anti-histone H3K9-acetyl (H3K9ac) chromatin immunoprecipitation-deep sequencing to determine the extent of pol II recruitment and pausing, and the underlying epigenetic modifications, respectively, during cardiac growth. The data uniquely reveal two mutually exclusive modes of transcriptional regulation. One involves an incremental increase (30-50%) in the elongational activity of preassembled, promoter-paused, pol II, and encompasses ∼25% of expressed genes that are essential/housekeeping genes (e.g. RNA synthesis and splicing). Another involves a more robust activation via de novo pol II recruitment, encompassing ∼5% of specialized genes (e.g. contractile and extracellular matrix). Moreover, the latter subset has relatively shorter 3'-UTRs with fewer predicted targeting miRNA, whereas most miRNA targets fall in the former category, underscoring the significance of posttranscriptional regulation by miRNA. The results, for the first time, demonstrate that promoter-paused pol II plays a role in incrementally increasing housekeeping genes, proportionate to the increase in heart size. Additionally, the data distinguish between the roles of posttranscriptional versus transcriptional regulation of specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danish Sayed
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
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44
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Circulation Research
Thematic Synopsis. Circ Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.275891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Circulation Research
Thematic Synopsis. Circ Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1161/res.0b013e31826396e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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Otten C, van der Ven PF, Lewrenz I, Paul S, Steinhagen A, Busch-Nentwich E, Eichhorst J, Wiesner B, Stemple D, Strähle U, Fürst DO, Abdelilah-Seyfried S. Xirp proteins mark injured skeletal muscle in zebrafish. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31041. [PMID: 22355335 PMCID: PMC3280289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocellular regeneration in vertebrates involves the proliferation of activated progenitor or dedifferentiated myogenic cells that have the potential to replenish lost tissue. In comparison little is known about cellular repair mechanisms within myocellular tissue in response to small injuries caused by biomechanical or cellular stress. Using a microarray analysis for genes upregulated upon myocellular injury, we identified zebrafish Xin-actin-binding repeat-containing protein1 (Xirp1) as a marker for wounded skeletal muscle cells. By combining laser-induced micro-injury with proliferation analyses, we found that Xirp1 and Xirp2a localize to nascent myofibrils within wounded skeletal muscle cells and that the repair of injuries does not involve cell proliferation or Pax7(+) cells. Through the use of Xirp1 and Xirp2a as markers, myocellular injury can now be detected, even though functional studies indicate that these proteins are not essential in this process. Previous work in chicken has implicated Xirps in cardiac looping morphogenesis. However, we found that zebrafish cardiac morphogenesis is normal in the absence of Xirp expression, and animals deficient for cardiac Xirp expression are adult viable. Although the functional involvement of Xirps in developmental and repair processes currently remains enigmatic, our findings demonstrate that skeletal muscle harbours a rapid, cell-proliferation-independent response to injury which has now become accessible to detailed molecular and cellular characterizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Otten
- Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter F. van der Ven
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ilka Lewrenz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandeep Paul
- Institute for Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Almut Steinhagen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Busch-Nentwich
- Vertebrate Development and Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Eichhorst
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Derek Stemple
- Vertebrate Development and Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Institute for Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dieter O. Fürst
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Schmid M, Stary S, Blaicher W, Gollinger M, Husslein P, Streubel B. Prenatal genetic diagnosis using microarray analysis in fetuses with congenital heart defects. Prenat Diagn 2011; 32:376-82. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.2862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schmid
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | - Susanne Stary
- Clinical Institute of Pathology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | - Wibke Blaicher
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | - Michaela Gollinger
- Clinical Institute of Pathology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | - Peter Husslein
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | - Berthold Streubel
- Clinical Institute of Pathology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
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48
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Ewen EP, Snyder CM, Wilson M, Desjardins D, Naya FJ. The Mef2A transcription factor coordinately regulates a costamere gene program in cardiac muscle. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:29644-53. [PMID: 21724844 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.268094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mef2 family of transcription factors regulates muscle differentiation, but the specific gene programs controlled by each member remain unknown. Characterization of Mef2A knock-out mice has revealed severe myofibrillar defects in cardiac muscle indicating a requirement for Mef2A in cytoarchitectural integrity. Through comprehensive expression analysis of Mef2A-deficient hearts, we identified a cohort of dysregulated genes whose products localize to the peripheral Z-disc/costamere region. Many of these genes are essential for costamere integrity and function. Here we demonstrate that these genes are directly regulated by Mef2A, establishing a mechanism by which Mef2A controls the costamere. In an independent model system, acute knockdown of Mef2A in primary neonatal cardiomyocytes resulted in profound malformations of myofibrils and focal adhesions accompanied by adhesion-dependent programmed cell death. These findings indicate a role for Mef2A in cardiomyocyte survival through regulation of costamere integrity. Finally, bioinformatics analysis identified over-represented transcription factor-binding sites in this network of costamere promoters that may provide insight into the mechanism by which costamere genes are regulated by Mef2A. The global control of costamere gene expression adds another dimension by which this essential macromolecular complex may be regulated in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P Ewen
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Chan FC, Cheng CP, Wu KH, Chen YC, Hsu CH, Gustafson-Wagner EA, Lin JLC, Wang Q, Lin JJC, Lin CI. Intercalated disc-associated protein, mXin-alpha, influences surface expression of ITO currents in ventricular myocytes. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2011; 3:1425-42. [PMID: 21622147 DOI: 10.2741/e344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mouse Xin-alpha (mXin-alpha) encodes a Xin repeat-containing, actin-binding protein localized to the intercalated disc (ICD). Ablation of mXin-alpha progressively leads to disrupted ICD structure, cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy with conduction defects during adulthood. Such conduction defects could be due to ICD structural defects and/or cell electrophysiological property changes. Here, we showed that despite the normal ICD structure, juvenile mXina-null cardiomyocytes (from 3~4-week-old mice) exhibited a significant reduction in the transient outward K+ current (ITO), similar to adult mutant cells. Juvenile but not adult mutant cardiomyocytes also had a significant reduction in the delayed rectifier K+ current. In contrast, the mutant adult ventricular myocytes had a significant reduction in the inward rectifier K+ current (IK1) on hyperpolarization. These together could account for the prolongation of action potential duration (APD) and the ease of developing early afterdepolarization observed in juvenile mXin-alpha-null cells. Interestingly, juvenile mXin-alpha-null cardiomyocytes had a notable decrease in the amplitude of intracellular Ca2+ transient and no change in the L-type Ca2+ current, suggesting that the prolonged APD did not promote an increase in intracellular Ca2+ for cardiac hypertrophy. Juvenile mXin-alpha-null ventricles had reduced levels of membrane-associated Kv channel interacting protein 2, an auxiliary subunit of ITO, and filamin, an actin cross-linking protein. We further showed that mXin-alpha interacted with both proteins, providing a novel mechanism for ITO surface expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chi Chan
- Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Wang HX, Zhang QF, Zeng XJ, Wang W, Tang CS, Zhang LK. Effects of Angiotensin III on Protein, DNA, and Collagen Synthesis of Neonatal Cardiomyocytes and Cardiac Fibroblasts In Vitro. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2010; 15:393-402. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248410374458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study compared angiotensin II (Ang II) and angiotensin III (Ang III) for their effects on rat neonatal cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts in vitro and discussed the possible role of Ang III in the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling. To do so, protein synthesis, cardiac fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis, and secretion in response to treatment with Ang III and Ang II were investigated. Protein synthesis rate was assessed by 3H-Leucine (3H-Leu) incorporation; the content of DNA was defined by 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation; and collagen synthesis and secretion were assessed by 3H-proline (3H-Pro) incorporation. In neonatal cardiomyocytes, Ang III stimulated protein synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas in neonatal cardiac fibroblasts, DNA synthesis as well as collagen synthesis and secretion were increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with captopril, selective aminopeptidase A (APA) inhibitor (EC33), or selective aminopeptidase N inhibitor (PC18) had no effect on these outcomes. Treatment with losartan significantly decreased the effects of Ang III, except for cardiomyocyte protein synthesis. Compared with Ang II, Ang III could stimulate cardiomyocyte protein synthesis, cardiac fibroblast proliferation, and collagen synthesis and secretion. Furthermore, 10-7 mol/L Ang II but not Ang III significantly increased APA activity in both cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. All these results show the bioactive effects of Ang III on myocardial cells and suggest that Ang III could be an important independent factor besides Ang II in the regulation of cardiac function and may affect the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xia Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yunyang Medical College, Yunyang, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Jun Zeng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Shu Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Ke Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,
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