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Wu H, Che YN, Lan Q, He YX, Liu P, Chen MT, Dong L, Liu MN. The Multifaceted Roles of Hippo-YAP in Cardiovascular Diseases. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s12012-024-09926-6. [PMID: 39365552 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
The Hippo-yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. It is known to have impact on the progression and development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) as well as in the regeneration of cardiomyocytes (CMs). However, further research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms by which the Hippo-YAP pathway affects the pathological processes of CVDs in order to evaluate its potential clinical applications. In this review, we have summarized the recent findings on the role of the Hippo-YAP pathway in CVDs such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, and cardiomyopathy, as well as its in CM development. This review calls attention to the potential roles of the Hippo-YAP pathway as a relevant target for the future treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yan-Nan Che
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Lan
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xiang He
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Liu
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ming-Tai Chen
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China.
| | - Li Dong
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Meng-Nan Liu
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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2
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Du XJ, She G, Wu W, Deng XL. Coupling of β-adrenergic and Hippo pathway signaling: Implications for heart failure pathophysiology and metabolic therapy. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101941. [PMID: 39122227 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Activation of the sympatho-β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) system is the hallmark of heart disease with adverse consequences that facilitate the onset and progression of heart failure (HF). Use of β-blocking drugs has become the front-line therapy for HF. Last decade has witnessed progress in research demonstrating a pivotal role of Hippo pathway in cardiomyopathy and HF. Clinical studies have revealed myocardial Hippo pathway activation/YAP-TEAD1 inactivation in several types of human cardiomyopathy. Experimental activation of cardiac Hippo signaling or inhibition of YAP-TEAD1 have been shown to leads dilated cardiomyopathy with severe mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic reprogramming. Studies have also convincingly shown that stimulation of βAR activates cardiac Hippo pathway with inactivation of the down-stream effector molecules YAP/TAZ. There is strong evidence for the adverse consequences of the βAR-Hippo signaling leading to HF. In addition to promoting cardiomyocyte death and fibrosis, recent progress is the demonstration of mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic reprogramming mediated by βAR-Hippo pathway signaling. Activation of cardiac βAR-Hippo signaling is potent in downregulating a range of mitochondrial and metabolic genes, whereas expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic factors are upregulated. Coupling of βAR-Hippo pathway signaling is mediated by several kinases, mechanotransduction and/or Ca2+ signaling, and can be blocked by β-antagonists. Demonstration of the converge of βAR signaling and Hippo pathway bears implications for a better understanding on the role of enhanced sympathetic nervous activity, efficacy of β-antagonists, and metabolic therapy targeting this pathway in HF. In this review we summarize the progress and discuss future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia,.
| | - Gang She
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital and the Third Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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3
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Bonet F, Campuzano O, Córdoba-Caballero J, Alcalde M, Sarquella-Brugada G, Braza-Boïls A, Brugada R, Hernández-Torres F, Quezada-Feijoo M, Ramos M, Mangas A, Ranea JAG, Toro R. Role of miRNA-mRNA Interactome in Pathophysiology of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1807. [PMID: 39200271 PMCID: PMC11351583 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is an inherited entity characterized by irregular cell-cell adhesion, cardiomyocyte death and fibro-fatty replacement of ventricular myocytes, leading to malignant ventricular arrythmias, contractile dysfunction and sudden cardiac death. Pathogenic variants in genes that encode desmosome are the predominant cause of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Moreover, signalling pathways such as Wnt/ß-catenin and transforming growth factor-β have been involved in the disease progression. However, still little is known about the molecular pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy pathogenesis. We used mRNA and small RNA sequencing to analyse the transcriptome of health and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy of autopsied human hearts. Our results showed 697 differentially expressed genes and eight differentially expressed miRNAs. Functional enrichment revealed mitochondrial respiratory-related pathways, impaired response to oxidative stress, apoptotic signalling pathways and inflammatory response-related and extracellular matrix response pathways. Furthermore, analysis of the miRNA-mRNA interactome identified eleven negatively correlated miRNA-target pairs for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Our finding revealed novel arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy-related miRNAs with important regulatory function in disease pathogenesis, highlighting their value as potential key targets for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bonet
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (F.B.); (J.C.-C.); (A.M.)
| | - Oscar Campuzano
- Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (G.S.-B.); (R.B.)
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI-CERCA), 17190 Salt, Spain;
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José Córdoba-Caballero
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (F.B.); (J.C.-C.); (A.M.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Mireia Alcalde
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI-CERCA), 17190 Salt, Spain;
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Georgia Sarquella-Brugada
- Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (G.S.-B.); (R.B.)
- Pediatric Arrhythmias, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Cardiology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Arrítmies Pediàtriques, Cardiologia Genètica i Mort Sobtada, Malalties Cardiovasculars en el Desenvolupament, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aitana Braza-Boïls
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Cardiopatías Familiares, Muerte Súbita y Mecanismos de Enfermedad (CAFAMUSME) Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramon Brugada
- Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (G.S.-B.); (R.B.)
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI-CERCA), 17190 Salt, Spain;
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Cardiology Service, Hospital Josep Trueta de Girona, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Francisco Hernández-Torres
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Maribel Quezada-Feijoo
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (M.Q.-F.)
- Medicine School, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica Ramos
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (M.Q.-F.)
- Medicine School, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alipio Mangas
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (F.B.); (J.C.-C.); (A.M.)
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
- Lipid and Atherosclerotic Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Juan A. G. Ranea
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
- Institute of Biomedical Research in Málaga and platform of nanomedicine (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute (INB/ELIXIR-ES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28020 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Toro
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (F.B.); (J.C.-C.); (A.M.)
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
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Risato G, Brañas Casas R, Cason M, Bueno Marinas M, Pinci S, De Gaspari M, Visentin S, Rizzo S, Thiene G, Basso C, Pilichou K, Tiso N, Celeghin R. In Vivo Approaches to Understand Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: Perspectives on Animal Models. Cells 2024; 13:1264. [PMID: 39120296 PMCID: PMC11311808 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is a hereditary cardiac disorder characterized by the gradual replacement of cardiomyocytes with fibrous and adipose tissue, leading to ventricular wall thinning, chamber dilation, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. Despite advances in treatment, disease management remains challenging. Animal models, particularly mice and zebrafish, have become invaluable tools for understanding AC's pathophysiology and testing potential therapies. Mice models, although useful for scientific research, cannot fully replicate the complexity of the human AC. However, they have provided valuable insights into gene involvement, signalling pathways, and disease progression. Zebrafish offer a promising alternative to mammalian models, despite the phylogenetic distance, due to their economic and genetic advantages. By combining animal models with in vitro studies, researchers can comprehensively understand AC, paving the way for more effective treatments and interventions for patients and improving their quality of life and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Risato
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, I-35128 Padua, Italy; (G.R.); (M.C.); (M.B.M.); (S.P.); (M.D.G.); (S.R.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (K.P.); (R.C.)
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy;
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, I-35128 Padua, Italy;
| | | | - Marco Cason
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, I-35128 Padua, Italy; (G.R.); (M.C.); (M.B.M.); (S.P.); (M.D.G.); (S.R.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (K.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Maria Bueno Marinas
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, I-35128 Padua, Italy; (G.R.); (M.C.); (M.B.M.); (S.P.); (M.D.G.); (S.R.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (K.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Serena Pinci
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, I-35128 Padua, Italy; (G.R.); (M.C.); (M.B.M.); (S.P.); (M.D.G.); (S.R.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (K.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Monica De Gaspari
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, I-35128 Padua, Italy; (G.R.); (M.C.); (M.B.M.); (S.P.); (M.D.G.); (S.R.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (K.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Silvia Visentin
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, I-35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Stefania Rizzo
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, I-35128 Padua, Italy; (G.R.); (M.C.); (M.B.M.); (S.P.); (M.D.G.); (S.R.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (K.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Gaetano Thiene
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, I-35128 Padua, Italy; (G.R.); (M.C.); (M.B.M.); (S.P.); (M.D.G.); (S.R.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (K.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Cristina Basso
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, I-35128 Padua, Italy; (G.R.); (M.C.); (M.B.M.); (S.P.); (M.D.G.); (S.R.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (K.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Kalliopi Pilichou
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, I-35128 Padua, Italy; (G.R.); (M.C.); (M.B.M.); (S.P.); (M.D.G.); (S.R.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (K.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Rudy Celeghin
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, I-35128 Padua, Italy; (G.R.); (M.C.); (M.B.M.); (S.P.); (M.D.G.); (S.R.); (G.T.); (C.B.); (K.P.); (R.C.)
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5
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Vencato S, Romanato C, Rampazzo A, Calore M. Animal Models and Molecular Pathogenesis of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Associated with Pathogenic Variants in Intercalated Disc Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6208. [PMID: 38892395 PMCID: PMC11172742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a rare genetic cardiac disease characterized by the progressive substitution of myocardium with fibro-fatty tissue. Clinically, ACM shows wide variability among patients; symptoms can include syncope and ventricular tachycardia but also sudden death, with the latter often being its sole manifestation. Approximately half of ACM patients have been found with variations in one or more genes encoding cardiac intercalated discs proteins; the most involved genes are plakophilin 2 (PKP2), desmoglein 2 (DSG2), and desmoplakin (DSP). Cardiac intercalated discs provide mechanical and electro-metabolic coupling among cardiomyocytes. Mechanical communication is guaranteed by the interaction of proteins of desmosomes and adheren junctions in the so-called area composita, whereas electro-metabolic coupling between adjacent cardiac cells depends on gap junctions. Although ACM has been first described almost thirty years ago, the pathogenic mechanism(s) leading to its development are still only partially known. Several studies with different animal models point to the involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in combination with the Hippo pathway. Here, we present an overview about the existing murine models of ACM harboring variants in intercalated disc components with a particular focus on the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Prospectively, mechanistic insights into the disease pathogenesis will lead to the development of effective targeted therapies for ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vencato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy; (S.V.); (C.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Chiara Romanato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy; (S.V.); (C.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Alessandra Rampazzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy; (S.V.); (C.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Martina Calore
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy; (S.V.); (C.R.); (A.R.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
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6
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Angeli E, Jordan M, Otto M, Stojanović SD, Karsdal M, Bauersachs J, Thum T, Fiedler J, Genovese F. The role of fibrosis in cardiomyopathies: An opportunity to develop novel biomarkers of disease activity. Matrix Biol 2024; 128:65-78. [PMID: 38423395 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies encompass a spectrum of heart disorders with diverse causes and presentations. Fibrosis stands out as a shared hallmark among various cardiomyopathies, reflecting a common thread in their pathogenesis. This prevalent fibrotic response is intricately linked to the consequences of dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, emphasizing its significance in the development and progression the disease. This review explores the ECM involvement in various cardiomyopathies and its impact on myocardial stiffness and fibrosis. Additionally, we discuss the potential of ECM fragments as early diagnosis, prognosis, and risk stratification. Biomarkers deriving from turnover of collagens and other ECM proteins hold promise in clinical applications. We outline current clinical management, future directions, and the potential for personalized ECM-targeted therapies with specific focus on microRNAs. In summary, this review examines the role of the fibrosis in cardiomyopathies, highlighting the potential of ECM-derived biomarkers in improving disease management with implications for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Angeli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Maria Jordan
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hanover, Federal Republic of Germany; Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Hanover, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Mandy Otto
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hanover, Federal Republic of Germany; Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Hanover, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Stevan D Stojanović
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany; Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany
| | | | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hanover, Federal Republic of Germany; Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Hanover, Federal Republic of Germany; Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Jan Fiedler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hanover, Federal Republic of Germany; Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Hanover, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Federica Genovese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Wu I, Zeng A, Greer-Short A, Aycinena JA, Tefera AE, Shenwai R, Farshidfar F, Van Pell M, Xu E, Reid C, Rodriguez N, Lim B, Chung TW, Woods J, Scott A, Jones S, Dee-Hoskins C, Gutierrez CG, Madariaga J, Robinson K, Hatter Y, Butler R, Steltzer S, Ho J, Priest JR, Song X, Jing F, Green K, Ivey KN, Hoey T, Yang J, Yang ZJ. AAV9:PKP2 improves heart function and survival in a Pkp2-deficient mouse model of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:38. [PMID: 38499690 PMCID: PMC10948840 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00450-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a familial cardiac disease associated with ventricular arrhythmias and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Currently, there are no approved treatments that address the underlying genetic cause of this disease, representing a significant unmet need. Mutations in Plakophilin-2 (PKP2), encoding a desmosomal protein, account for approximately 40% of ARVC cases and result in reduced gene expression. METHODS Our goal is to examine the feasibility and the efficacy of adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-mediated restoration of PKP2 expression in a cardiac specific knock-out mouse model of Pkp2. RESULTS We show that a single dose of AAV9:PKP2 gene delivery prevents disease development before the onset of cardiomyopathy and attenuates disease progression after overt cardiomyopathy. Restoration of PKP2 expression leads to a significant extension of lifespan by restoring cellular structures of desmosomes and gap junctions, preventing or halting decline in left ventricular ejection fraction, preventing or reversing dilation of the right ventricle, ameliorating ventricular arrhythmia event frequency and severity, and preventing adverse fibrotic remodeling. RNA sequencing analyses show that restoration of PKP2 expression leads to highly coordinated and durable correction of PKP2-associated transcriptional networks beyond desmosomes, revealing a broad spectrum of biological perturbances behind ARVC disease etiology. CONCLUSIONS We identify fundamental mechanisms of PKP2-associated ARVC beyond disruption of desmosome function. The observed PKP2 dose-function relationship indicates that cardiac-selective AAV9:PKP2 gene therapy may be a promising therapeutic approach to treat ARVC patients with PKP2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Wu
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- University of Michigan, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Aliya Zeng
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Anley E Tefera
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Reva Shenwai
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Emma Xu
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Chris Reid
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | - Beatriz Lim
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Tae Won Chung
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Joseph Woods
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Aquilla Scott
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Samantha Jones
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kevin Robinson
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Yolanda Hatter
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Renee Butler
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | - Jaclyn Ho
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - James R Priest
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Xiaomei Song
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Frank Jing
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Kristina Green
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Kathryn N Ivey
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Timothy Hoey
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jin Yang
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
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8
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Li M, Zhang FJ, Bai RJ. The Hippo-YAP Signaling Pathway in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1105-1120. [PMID: 38406325 PMCID: PMC10891274 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s444758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Arthritis is the most prevalent joint disease and is characterized by articular cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation, and changes in periarticular and subchondral bone. Recent studies have reported that Yes-associated protein (YAP) and the transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) have significant effects on the proliferation, migration, and survival of chondrocytes and fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLSs). YAP/TAZ signaling pathway, as well as the related Hippo-YAP signaling pathway, are responsible for the condition of cells and articular cartilage in joints. They are tightly regulated to maintain metabolism in chondrocytes and FLSs because abnormal expression may result in cartilage damage. However, the roles and mechanisms of the Hippo-YAP pathway in arthritis remain largely unknown. This review summarizes the roles and key functions of YAP/TAZ and the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway in FLSs and chondrocytes for the induction of proliferation, migration, survival, and differentiation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) research. We also discuss the therapeutic strategies involving YAP/TAZ and the related Hippo-YAP signaling pathway involved in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wuxi Ninth People’s Hospital, Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-Jun Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wuxi Ninth People’s Hospital, Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Stevens TL, Coles S, Sturm AC, Hoover CA, Borzok MA, Mohler PJ, El Refaey M. Molecular Pathways and Animal Models of Arrhythmias. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:1057-1090. [PMID: 38884769 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Arrhythmias account for over 300,000 annual deaths in the United States, and approximately half of all deaths are associated with heart disease. Mechanisms underlying arrhythmia risk are complex; however, work in humans and animal models over the past 25 years has identified a host of molecular pathways linked with both arrhythmia substrates and triggers. This chapter will focus on select arrhythmia pathways solved by linking human clinical and genetic data with animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler L Stevens
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sara Coles
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amy C Sturm
- Genomic Medicine Institute, 23andMe, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | - Catherine A Hoover
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry, Engineering and Physics, Commonwealth University of Pennsylvania, Mansfield, PA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Maegen A Borzok
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry, Engineering and Physics, Commonwealth University of Pennsylvania, Mansfield, PA, USA
| | - Peter J Mohler
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mona El Refaey
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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10
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Olcum M, Fan S, Rouhi L, Cheedipudi S, Cathcart B, Jeong HH, Zhao Z, Gurha P, Marian AJ. Genetic inactivation of β-catenin is salubrious, whereas its activation is deleterious in desmoplakin cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2712-2728. [PMID: 37625794 PMCID: PMC11032201 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Mutations in the DSP gene encoding desmoplakin, a constituent of the desmosomes at the intercalated discs (IDs), cause a phenotype that spans arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) and dilated cardiomyopathy. It is typically characterized by biventricular enlargement and dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, cell death, and arrhythmias. The canonical wingless-related integration (cWNT)/β-catenin pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of ACM. The β-catenin is an indispensable co-transcriptional regulator of the cWNT pathway and a member of the IDs. We genetically inactivated or activated β-catenin to determine its role in the pathogenesis of desmoplakin cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS The Dsp gene was conditionally deleted in the 2-week-old post-natal cardiac myocytes using tamoxifen-inducible MerCreMer mice (Myh6-McmTam:DspF/F). The cWNT/β-catenin pathway was markedly dysregulated in the Myh6-McmTam:DspF/F cardiac myocytes, as indicated by a concomitant increase in the expression of cWNT/β-catenin target genes, isoforms of its key co-effectors, and the inhibitors of the pathway. The β-catenin was inactivated or activated upon inducible deletion of its transcriptional or degron domain, respectively, in the Myh6-McmTam:DspF/F cardiac myocytes. Genetic inactivation of β-catenin in the Myh6-McmTam:DspF/F mice prolonged survival, improved cardiac function, reduced cardiac arrhythmias, and attenuated myocardial fibrosis, and cell death caused by apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, i.e. PANoptosis. In contrast, activation of β-catenin had the opposite effects. The deleterious and the salubrious effects were independent of changes in the expression levels of the cWNT target genes and were associated with changes in several molecular and biological pathways, including cell death programmes. CONCLUSION The cWNT/β-catenin was markedly dysregulated in the cardiac myocytes in a mouse model of desmoplakin cardiomyopathy. Inactivation of β-catenin attenuated, whereas its activation aggravated the phenotype, through multiple molecular pathways, independent of the cWNT transcriptional activity. Thus, suppression but not activation of β-catenin might be beneficial in desmoplakin cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Olcum
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Siyang Fan
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Leila Rouhi
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sirisha Cheedipudi
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin Cathcart
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hyun-Hwan Jeong
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Priyatansh Gurha
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ali J Marian
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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11
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Celeghin R, Risato G, Beffagna G, Cason M, Bueno Marinas M, Della Barbera M, Facchinello N, Giuliodori A, Brañas Casas R, Caichiolo M, Vettori A, Grisan E, Rizzo S, Dalla Valle L, Argenton F, Thiene G, Tiso N, Pilichou K, Basso C. A novel DSP zebrafish model reveals training- and drug-induced modulation of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy phenotypes. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:441. [PMID: 38057295 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01741-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is an inherited disorder characterized by progressive loss of the ventricular myocardium causing life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, syncope and sudden cardiac death in young and athletes. About 40% of AC cases carry one or more mutations in genes encoding for desmosomal proteins, including Desmoplakin (Dsp). We present here the first stable Dsp knock-out (KO) zebrafish line able to model cardiac alterations and cell signalling dysregulation, characteristic of the AC disease, on which environmental factors and candidate drugs can be tested. Our stable Dsp knock-out (KO) zebrafish line was characterized by cardiac alterations, oedema and bradycardia at larval stages. Histological analysis of mutated adult hearts showed reduced contractile structures and abnormal shape of the ventricle, with thinning of the myocardial layer, vessels dilation and presence of adipocytes within the myocardium. Moreover, TEM analysis revealed "pale", disorganized and delocalized desmosomes. Intensive physical training protocol caused a global worsening of the cardiac phenotype, accelerating the progression of the disease. Of note, we detected a decrease of Wnt/β-catenin signalling, recently associated with AC pathogenesis, as well as Hippo/YAP-TAZ and TGF-β pathway dysregulation. Pharmacological treatment of mutated larvae with SB216763, a Wnt/β-catenin agonist, rescued pathway expression and cardiac abnormalities, stabilizing the heart rhythm. Overall, our Dsp KO zebrafish line recapitulates many AC features observed in human patients, pointing at zebrafish as a suitable system for in vivo analysis of environmental modulators, such as the physical exercise, and the screening of pathway-targeted drugs, especially related to the Wnt/β-catenin signalling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Celeghin
- Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Giovanni Risato
- Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Giorgia Beffagna
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy.
| | - Marco Cason
- Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Maria Bueno Marinas
- Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Mila Della Barbera
- Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Nicola Facchinello
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Alice Giuliodori
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | | | - Micol Caichiolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Andrea Vettori
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Enrico Grisan
- School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, SE1 0AA, UK
| | - Stefania Rizzo
- Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | | | | | - Gaetano Thiene
- Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy.
| | - Kalliopi Pilichou
- Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Cristina Basso
- Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy.
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12
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Fan X, Yang G, Duru F, Grilli M, Akin I, Zhou X, Saguner AM, Ei-Battrawy I. Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: from Preclinical Models to Genotype-phenotype Correlation and Pathophysiology. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2683-2708. [PMID: 37731079 PMCID: PMC10661732 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a hereditary myocardial disease characterized by the replacement of the ventricular myocardium with fibrous fatty deposits. ACM is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern with variable penetrance and expressivity, which is mainly related to ventricular tachyarrhythmia and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Importantly, significant progress has been made in determining the genetic background of ACM due to the development of new techniques for genetic analysis. The exact molecular pathomechanism of ACM, however, is not completely clear and the genotype-phenotype correlations have not been fully elucidated, which are useful to predict the prognosis and treatment of ACM patients. Different gene-targeted and transgenic animal models, human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) models, and heterologous expression systems have been developed. Here, this review aims to summarize preclinical ACM models and platforms promoting our understanding of the pathogenesis of ACM and assess their value in elucidating the ACM genotype-phenotype relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology, and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/ Mannheim, and Centre for Cardiovascular Acute Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology, and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Research Unit of Molecular Imaging Probes, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Firat Duru
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Grilli
- Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology, and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/ Mannheim, and Centre for Cardiovascular Acute Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology, and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/ Mannheim, and Centre for Cardiovascular Acute Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany.
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Ardan Muammer Saguner
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ibrahim Ei-Battrawy
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/ Mannheim, and Centre for Cardiovascular Acute Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany.
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany; Institute of Physiology, Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology and Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr- University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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13
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Moazzen H, Bolaji MD, Leube RE. Desmosomes in Cell Fate Determination: From Cardiogenesis to Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2023; 12:2122. [PMID: 37681854 PMCID: PMC10487268 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes play a vital role in providing structural integrity to tissues that experience significant mechanical tension, including the heart. Deficiencies in desmosomal proteins lead to the development of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC). The limited availability of preventative measures in clinical settings underscores the pressing need to gain a comprehensive understanding of desmosomal proteins not only in cardiomyocytes but also in non-myocyte residents of the heart, as they actively contribute to the progression of cardiomyopathy. This review focuses specifically on the impact of desmosome deficiency on epi- and endocardial cells. We highlight the intricate cross-talk between desmosomal proteins mutations and signaling pathways involved in the regulation of epicardial cell fate transition. We further emphasize that the consequences of desmosome deficiency differ between the embryonic and adult heart leading to enhanced erythropoiesis during heart development and enhanced fibrogenesis in the mature heart. We suggest that triggering epi-/endocardial cells and fibroblasts that are in different "states" involve the same pathways but lead to different pathological outcomes. Understanding the details of the different responses must be considered when developing interventions and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Moazzen
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.D.B.); (R.E.L.)
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14
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Lluch A, Latorre J, Serena-Maione A, Espadas I, Caballano-Infantes E, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Oliveras-Cañellas N, Ricart W, Malagón MM, Martin-Montalvo A, Birchmeier W, Szymanski W, Graumann J, Gómez-Serrano M, Sommariva E, Fernández-Real JM, Ortega FJ. Impaired Plakophilin-2 in obesity breaks cell cycle dynamics to breed adipocyte senescence. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5106. [PMID: 37607954 PMCID: PMC10444784 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40596-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plakophilin-2 (PKP2) is a key component of desmosomes, which, when defective, is known to promote the fibro-fatty infiltration of heart muscle. Less attention has been given to its role in adipose tissue. We report here that levels of PKP2 steadily increase during fat cell differentiation, and are compromised if adipocytes are exposed to a pro-inflammatory milieu. Accordingly, expression of PKP2 in subcutaneous adipose tissue diminishes in patients with obesity, and normalizes upon mild-to-intense weight loss. We further show defective PKP2 in adipocytes to break cell cycle dynamics and yield premature senescence, a key rheostat for stress-induced adipose tissue dysfunction. Conversely, restoring PKP2 in inflamed adipocytes rewires E2F signaling towards the re-activation of cell cycle and decreased senescence. Our findings connect the expression of PKP2 in fat cells to the physiopathology of obesity, as well as uncover a previously unknown defect in cell cycle and adipocyte senescence due to impaired PKP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Lluch
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Latorre
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Serena-Maione
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabel Espadas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Estefanía Caballano-Infantes
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Oliveras-Cañellas
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Wifredo Ricart
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María M Malagón
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martin-Montalvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Witold Szymanski
- Institute of Translational Proteomics, Biochemical/Pharmacological Centre, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Institute of Translational Proteomics, Biochemical/Pharmacological Centre, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - María Gómez-Serrano
- Institute for Tumor Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - José M Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain.
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Vielmuth F, Radeva MY, Yeruva S, Sigmund AM, Waschke J. cAMP: A master regulator of cadherin-mediated binding in endothelium, epithelium and myocardium. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 238:e14006. [PMID: 37243909 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of cadherin-mediated cell adhesion is crucial not only for maintaining tissue integrity and barrier function in the endothelium and epithelium but also for electromechanical coupling within the myocardium. Therefore, loss of cadherin-mediated adhesion causes various disorders, including vascular inflammation and desmosome-related diseases such as the autoimmune blistering skin dermatosis pemphigus and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Mechanisms regulating cadherin-mediated binding contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases and may also be used as therapeutic targets. Over the last 30 years, cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) has emerged as one of the master regulators of cell adhesion in endothelium and, more recently, also in epithelial cells as well as in cardiomyocytes. A broad spectrum of experimental models from vascular physiology and cell biology applied by different generations of researchers provided evidence that not only cadherins of endothelial adherens junctions (AJ) but also desmosomal contacts in keratinocytes and the cardiomyocyte intercalated discs are central targets in this scenario. The molecular mechanisms involve protein kinase A- and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP-mediated regulation of Rho family GTPases and S665 phosphorylation of the AJ and desmosome adaptor protein plakoglobin. In line with this, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors such as apremilast have been proposed as a therapeutic strategy to stabilize cadherin-mediated adhesion in pemphigus and may also be effective to treat other disorders where cadherin-mediated binding is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Vielmuth
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mariya Y Radeva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sunil Yeruva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna M Sigmund
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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16
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Nielsen MS, van Opbergen CJM, van Veen TAB, Delmar M. The intercalated disc: a unique organelle for electromechanical synchrony in cardiomyocytes. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2271-2319. [PMID: 36731030 PMCID: PMC10191137 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00021.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The intercalated disc (ID) is a highly specialized structure that connects cardiomyocytes via mechanical and electrical junctions. Although described in some detail by light microscopy in the 19th century, it was in 1966 that electron microscopy images showed that the ID represented apposing cell borders and provided detailed insight into the complex ID nanostructure. Since then, much has been learned about the ID and its molecular composition, and it has become evident that a large number of proteins, not all of them involved in direct cell-to-cell coupling via mechanical or gap junctions, reside at the ID. Furthermore, an increasing number of functional interactions between ID components are emerging, leading to the concept that the ID is not the sum of isolated molecular silos but an interacting molecular complex, an "organelle" where components work in concert to bring about electrical and mechanical synchrony. The aim of the present review is to give a short historical account of the ID's discovery and an updated overview of its composition and organization, followed by a discussion of the physiological implications of the ID architecture and the local intermolecular interactions. The latter will focus on both the importance of normal conduction of cardiac action potentials as well as the impact on the pathophysiology of arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten S Nielsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chantal J M van Opbergen
- The Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Toon A B van Veen
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Delmar
- The Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
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17
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Zheng M, Erhardt S, Cao Y, Wang J. Emerging Signaling Regulation of Sinoatrial Node Dysfunction. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:621-630. [PMID: 37227579 PMCID: PMC11418806 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The sinoatrial node (SAN), the natural pacemaker of the heart, is responsible for generating electrical impulses and initiating each heartbeat. Sinoatrial node dysfunction (SND) causes various arrhythmias such as sinus arrest, SAN block, and tachycardia/bradycardia syndrome. Unraveling the underlying mechanisms of SND is of paramount importance in the pursuit of developing effective therapeutic strategies for patients with SND. This review provides a concise summary of the most recent progress in the signaling regulation of SND. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies indicate that SND can be caused by abnormal intercellular and intracellular signaling, various forms of heart failure (HF), and diabetes. These discoveries provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms SND, advancing our understanding of its pathogenesis. SND can cause severe cardiac arrhythmias associated with syncope and an increased risk of sudden death. In addition to ion channels, the SAN is susceptible to the influence of various signalings including Hippo, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mechanical force, and natriuretic peptide receptors. New cellular and molecular mechanisms related to SND are also deciphered in systemic diseases such as HF and diabetes. Progress in these studies contributes to the development of potential therapeutics for SND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shannon Erhardt
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yuhan Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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18
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Lippi M, Maione AS, Chiesa M, Perrucci GL, Iengo L, Sattin T, Cencioni C, Savoia M, Zeiher AM, Tundo F, Tondo C, Pompilio G, Sommariva E. Omics Analyses of Stromal Cells from ACM Patients Reveal Alterations in Chromatin Organization and Mitochondrial Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10017. [PMID: 37373166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a genetic disorder characterized by ventricular arrhythmias, contractile dysfunctions and fibro-adipose replacement of myocardium. Cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells (CMSCs) participate in disease pathogenesis by differentiating towards adipocytes and myofibroblasts. Some altered pathways in ACM are known, but many are yet to be discovered. We aimed to enrich the understanding of ACM pathogenesis by comparing epigenetic and gene expression profiles of ACM-CMSCs with healthy control (HC)-CMSCs. Methylome analysis identified 74 differentially methylated nucleotides, most of them located on the mitochondrial genome. Transcriptome analysis revealed 327 genes that were more expressed and 202 genes that were less expressed in ACM- vs. HC-CMSCs. Among these, genes implicated in mitochondrial respiration and in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition were more expressed, and cell cycle genes were less expressed in ACM- vs. HC-CMSCs. Through enrichment and gene network analyses, we identified differentially regulated pathways, some of which never associated with ACM, including mitochondrial functioning and chromatin organization, both in line with methylome results. Functional validations confirmed that ACM-CMSCs exhibited higher amounts of active mitochondria and ROS production, a lower proliferation rate and a more pronounced epicardial-to-mesenchymal transition compared to the controls. In conclusion, ACM-CMSC-omics revealed some additional altered molecular pathways, relevant in disease pathogenesis, which may constitute novel targets for specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Lippi
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Serena Maione
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Chiesa
- Bioinformatics and Artificial Intelligence Facility, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Department of Electronics, Information and Biomedical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lorenzo Perrucci
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Lara Iengo
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Sattin
- Department of Arrhythmology and Electrophysiology, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Cencioni
- Istituto di Analisi dei Sistemi ed Informatica "A. Ruberti", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IASI-CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Savoia
- Department of Medicine III, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas M Zeiher
- Department of Medicine III, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Tundo
- Heart Rhythm Center, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Tondo
- Heart Rhythm Center, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
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19
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Steinberg C, Gaudreault N, Papadakis AI, Henry C, Champagne J, Philippon F, O’Hara G, Blier L, Plourde B, Nault I, Roy K, Sarrazin JF, Spatz A, Bossé Y. Leucocyte-derived micro-RNAs as candidate biomarkers in Brugada syndrome. Europace 2023; 25:euad145. [PMID: 37314195 PMCID: PMC10265963 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euad145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in patients with Brugada syndrome remains a major challenge. Contemporary risk prediction models have only modest predictive value. The aim of this study was to assess the role of micro-RNAs from peripheral blood as candidate biomarkers in Brugada syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS In this prospective study, Brugada patients and unaffected control individuals were enrolled for analysis of leucocyte-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) levels. Expression levels of 798 different circulating miRNAs were analysed on the NanoString® nCounter platform. All results were cross-validated by using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Micro-RNA expression levels of Brugada patients were compared with clinical data. A total of 21 definite Brugada patients (38% with a history of ventricular arrhythmia or cardiac arrest) and 30 unaffected control individuals were included in the study. Micro-RNA analysis showed a distinct expression profile in Brugada patients with 42 differentially expressed markers (38 up-regulated, 4 down-regulated miRNAs). The symptom status of Brugada patients was associated with a distinct miRNA signature. Micro-RNAs 145-5p and 585-3p were significantly up-regulated in symptomatic Brugada patients (P = 0.04). Incorporating miRNAs 145-5p and 585-3p into a multivariable model demonstrated significantly increased symptom prediction (area under the curve = 0.96; 95% confidence interval: 0.88-1.00). CONCLUSION Brugada patients display a distinct miRNA expression profile compared with unaffected control individuals. There is also evidence that certain miRNAs (miR-145-5p and miR-585-3p) are associated with the symptom status of Brugada patients. The results suggest the principal utility of leucocyte-derived miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers for Brugada syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steinberg
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec City, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Nathalie Gaudreault
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec City, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Andreas I Papadakis
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal Jewish Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cyndi Henry
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec City, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Jean Champagne
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec City, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - François Philippon
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec City, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Gilles O’Hara
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec City, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Louis Blier
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec City, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Benoit Plourde
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec City, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Isabelle Nault
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec City, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Karine Roy
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec City, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Jean-François Sarrazin
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec City, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - Alan Spatz
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal Jewish Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec City, Canada G1V 4G5
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
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20
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Deogharia M, Agrawal A, Shi M, Jain AK, McHugh KJ, Altamirano F, Marian AJ, Gurha P. Histone demethylase KDM5 regulates cardiomyocyte maturation by promoting fatty acid oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation, and myofibrillar organization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.11.535169. [PMID: 37090524 PMCID: PMC10120725 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.11.535169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Human pluripotent stem cell-derived CMs (iPSC-CMs) are a valuable tool for disease modeling, cell therapy and to reconstruct the CM maturation process and identify, characterize factors that regulate maturation. The transition from immature fetal to adult CM entails coordinated regulation of the mature gene programming, which is characterized by the induction of myofilament and OXPHOS gene expression among others. Recent studies in Drosophila , C. elegans, and C2C12 myoblast cell lines have implicated the histone H3K4me3 demethylase KDM5 and its homologs, as a potential regulator of developmental gene program and mitochondrial function. We speculated that KDM5 may potentiate the maturation of iPSC-CMs by targeting a conserved epigenetic program that encompass mitochondrial OXPHOS and other CM specific maturation genes. Objectives The purpose of this study is to determine the role of KDM5 in iPSC-CM maturation. Methods and Results Immunoblot analysis revealed that KDM5A, B, and C expression was progressively downregulated in postnatal cardiomyocytes and absent in adult hearts and CMs. Additionally, KDM5 proteins were found to be persistently expressed in iPSC-CMs up to 60 days after the onset of myogenic differentiation, consistent with the immaturity of these cells. Inhibition of KDM5 by KDM5-C70 -a pan-KDM5 inhibitor-resulted in differential regulation of 2,372 genes including upregulation of Fatty acid oxidation (FAO), OXPHOS, and myogenic gene programs in iPSC-CMs. Likewise, genome-wide profiling of H3K4me3 binding sites by the CUT&RUN assay revealed enriched H3K4me3 peaks at the promoter regions of FAO, OXPHOS, and sarcomere genes. Consistent with the chromatin and gene expression data, KDM5 inhibition led to increased expression of multiple sarcomere proteins, enhanced myofibrillar organization and improved calcium handling. Furthermore, inhibition of KDM5 increased H3K4me3 deposits at the promoter region of the ESRRA gene, which is known to regulate OXPHOS and cardiomyocyte maturation, and resulted in its increased RNA and protein levels. Finally, KDM5 inhibition increased baseline, peak, and spare oxygen consumption rates in iPSC-CMs. Conclusions KDM5 regulates the maturation of iPSC-CMs by epigenetically regulating the expression of ESRRA, OXPHOS, FAO, and sarcomere genes and enhancing myofibril organization and mitochondrial function.
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21
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Reisqs JB, Moreau A, Sleiman Y, Boutjdir M, Richard S, Chevalier P. Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy as a myogenic disease: highlights from cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1191965. [PMID: 37250123 PMCID: PMC10210147 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1191965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited cardiomyopathy characterized by the replacement of myocardium by fibro-fatty infiltration and cardiomyocyte loss. ACM predisposes to a high risk for ventricular arrhythmias. ACM has initially been defined as a desmosomal disease because most of the known variants causing the disease concern genes encoding desmosomal proteins. Studying this pathology is complex, in particular because human samples are rare and, when available, reflect the most advanced stages of the disease. Usual cellular and animal models cannot reproduce all the hallmarks of human pathology. In the last decade, human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) have been proposed as an innovative human cellular model. The differentiation of hiPSCs into cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) is now well-controlled and widely used in many laboratories. This hiPSC-CM model recapitulates critical features of the pathology and enables a cardiomyocyte-centered comprehensive approach to the disease and the screening of anti-arrhythmic drugs (AAD) prescribed sometimes empirically to the patient. In this regard, this model provides unique opportunities to explore and develop new therapeutic approaches. The use of hiPSC-CMs will undoubtedly help the development of precision medicine to better cure patients suffering from ACM. This review aims to summarize the recent advances allowing the use of hiPSCs in the ACM context.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. B. Reisqs
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - A. Moreau
- Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, PhyMedExp, Montpellier, France
| | - Y. Sleiman
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - M. Boutjdir
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Cell Biology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, NY, United States
| | - S. Richard
- Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, PhyMedExp, Montpellier, France
| | - P. Chevalier
- Neuromyogene Institute, Claude Bernard University, Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Service de Rythmologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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22
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Yin Y, Tan M, Han L, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Pan W, Bai J, Jiang T, Li H. The hippo kinases MST1/2 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: A promising therapeutic target option for pharmacotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:1956-1975. [PMID: 37250161 PMCID: PMC10213817 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and metabolic disorders are major components of noncommunicable diseases, causing an enormous health and economic burden worldwide. There are common risk factors and developmental mechanisms among them, indicating the far-reaching significance in exploring the corresponding therapeutic targets. MST1/2 kinases are well-established proapoptotic effectors that also bidirectionally regulate autophagic activity. Recent studies have demonstrated that MST1/2 influence the outcome of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases by regulating immune inflammation. In addition, drug development against them is in full swing. In this review, we mainly describe the roles and mechanisms of MST1/2 in apoptosis and autophagy in cardiovascular and metabolic events as well as emphasis on the existing evidence for their involvement in immune inflammation. Moreover, we summarize the latest progress of pharmacotherapy targeting MST1/2 and propose a new mode of drug combination therapy, which may be beneficial to seek more effective strategies to prevent and treat CVDs and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Yin
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Mingyue Tan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Lianhua Han
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Wanqian Pan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Tingbo Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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23
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Alcalde M, Toro R, Bonet F, Córdoba-Caballero J, Martínez-Barrios E, Ranea JA, Vallverdú-Prats M, Brugada R, Meraviglia V, Bellin M, Sarquella-Brugada G, Campuzano O. Role of MicroRNAs in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: translation as biomarkers into clinical practice. Transl Res 2023:S1931-5244(23)00070-1. [PMID: 37105319 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is a rare inherited entity, characterized by a progressive fibro-fatty replacement of the myocardium. It leads to malignant arrhythmias and a high risk of sudden cardiac death. Incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity are hallmarks of this arrhythmogenic cardiac disease, where the first manifestation may be syncope and sudden cardiac death, often triggered by physical exercise. Early identification of individuals at risk is crucial to adopt protective and ideally personalized measures to prevent lethal episodes. The genetic analysis identifies deleterious rare variants in nearly 70% of cases, mostly in genes encoding proteins of the desmosome. However, other factors may modulate the phenotype onset and outcome of disease, such as microRNAs. These small noncoding RNAs play a key role in gene expression regulation and the network of cellular processes. In recent years, data focused on the role of microRNAs as potential biomarkers in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy has progressively increased. A better understanding of the functions and interactions of microRNAs will likely have clinical implications. Herein, we propose an exhaustive review of the literature regarding these noncoding RNAs, their versatile mechanisms of gene regulation and present novel targets in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Alcalde
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, 17190 Girona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Toro
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, 11003 Cadiz Spain; Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz Spain.
| | - Fernando Bonet
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, 11003 Cadiz Spain; Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz Spain
| | - José Córdoba-Caballero
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, 11003 Cadiz Spain; Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz Spain
| | - Estefanía Martínez-Barrios
- Pediatric Arrhythmias, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Cardiology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, 08950 Barcelona Spain; European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), 1105 AZ Amsterdam Netherlands; Arrítmies Pediàtriques, Cardiologia Genètica i Mort Sobtada, Malalties Cardiovasculars en el Desenvolupament, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Ranea
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29590 Málaga Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 29029 Madrid Spain
| | - Marta Vallverdú-Prats
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, 17190 Girona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Brugada
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, 17190 Girona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona Spain; Cardiology Department, Hospital Josep Trueta, 17007 Girona Spain
| | - Viviana Meraviglia
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden Netherlands
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden Netherlands; Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35122 Padua Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padua Italy
| | - Georgia Sarquella-Brugada
- Pediatric Arrhythmias, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Cardiology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, 08950 Barcelona Spain; European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), 1105 AZ Amsterdam Netherlands; Arrítmies Pediàtriques, Cardiologia Genètica i Mort Sobtada, Malalties Cardiovasculars en el Desenvolupament, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona Spain; Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Oscar Campuzano
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, 17190 Girona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona Spain.
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24
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Pu TT, Wu W, Liang PD, Du JC, Han SL, Deng XL, Du XJ. Evaluation of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) Deficiency and Therapy in Mouse Models of Cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 81:259-269. [PMID: 36668724 PMCID: PMC10079299 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the development of heart failure, but targeted therapeutic interventions remain elusive. Previous studies have shown coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) insufficiency in patients with heart disease with undefined mechanism and modest effectiveness of CoQ10 supplement therapy. Using 2 transgenic mouse models of cardiomyopathy owing to cardiac overexpression of Mst1 (Mst1-TG) or β 2 -adrenoceptor (β 2 AR-TG), we studied changes in cardiac CoQ10 content and alterations in CoQ10 biosynthesis genes. We also studied in Mst1-TG mice effects of CoQ10, delivered by oral or injection regimens, on both cardiac CoQ10 content and cardiomyopathy phenotypes. High performance liquid chromatography and RNA sequencing revealed in both models significant reduction in cardiac content of CoQ10 and downregulation of most genes encoding CoQ10 biosynthesis enzymes. Mst1-TG mice with 70% reduction in cardiac CoQ10 were treated with CoQ10 either by oral gavage or i.p. injection for 4-8 weeks. Oral regimens failed in increasing cardiac CoQ10 content, whereas injection regimen effectively restored the cardiac CoQ10 level in a time-dependent manner. However, CoQ10 restoration in Mst1-TG mice did not correct mitochondrial dysfunction measured by energy metabolism, downregulated expression of marker proteins, and oxidative stress nor to preserve cardiac contractile function. In conclusion, mouse models of cardiomyopathy exhibited myocardial CoQ10 deficiency likely due to suppressed endogenous synthesis of CoQ10. In contrast to ineffectiveness of oral administration, CoQ10 administration by injection regimen in cardiomyopathy mice restored cardiac CoQ10 content, which, however, failed in achieving detectable efficacy at molecular and global functional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Pu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; and
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; and
| | - Pei-Da Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin-Chan Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; and
| | - Sheng-Li Han
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; and
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; and
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Tsui H, van Kampen SJ, Han SJ, Meraviglia V, van Ham WB, Casini S, van der Kraak P, Vink A, Yin X, Mayr M, Bossu A, Marchal GA, Monshouwer-Kloots J, Eding J, Versteeg D, de Ruiter H, Bezstarosti K, Groeneweg J, Klaasen SJ, van Laake LW, Demmers JAA, Kops GJPL, Mummery CL, van Veen TAB, Remme CA, Bellin M, van Rooij E. Desmosomal protein degradation as an underlying cause of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadd4248. [PMID: 36947592 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.add4248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited progressive cardiac disease. Many patients with ACM harbor mutations in desmosomal genes, predominantly in plakophilin-2 (PKP2). Although the genetic basis of ACM is well characterized, the underlying disease-driving mechanisms remain unresolved. Explanted hearts from patients with ACM had less PKP2 compared with healthy hearts, which correlated with reduced expression of desmosomal and adherens junction (AJ) proteins. These proteins were also disorganized in areas of fibrotic remodeling. In vitro data from human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and microtissues carrying the heterozygous PKP2 c.2013delC pathogenic mutation also displayed impaired contractility. Knockin mice carrying the equivalent heterozygous Pkp2 c.1755delA mutation recapitulated changes in desmosomal and AJ proteins and displayed cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis with age. Global proteomics analysis of 4-month-old heterozygous Pkp2 c.1755delA hearts indicated involvement of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in ACM pathogenesis. Inhibition of the UPS in mutant mice increased area composita proteins and improved calcium dynamics in isolated cardiomyocytes. Additional proteomics analyses identified lysine ubiquitination sites on the desmosomal proteins, which were more ubiquitinated in mutant mice. In summary, we show that a plakophilin-2 mutation can lead to decreased desmosomal and AJ protein expression through a UPS-dependent mechanism, which preceded cardiac remodeling. These findings suggest that targeting protein degradation and improving desmosomal protein stability may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyee Tsui
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT, Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Johannes van Kampen
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT, Netherlands
| | - Su Ji Han
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT, Netherlands
| | - Viviana Meraviglia
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, Netherlands
| | - Willem B van Ham
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CM, Netherlands
| | - Simona Casini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Netherlands
| | - Petra van der Kraak
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Netherlands
| | - Aryan Vink
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Netherlands
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- James Black Centre, King's College, University of London, WC2R 2LS London, UK
| | - Manuel Mayr
- James Black Centre, King's College, University of London, WC2R 2LS London, UK
| | - Alexandre Bossu
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CM, Netherlands
| | - Gerard A Marchal
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Netherlands
| | - Jantine Monshouwer-Kloots
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT, Netherlands
| | - Joep Eding
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT, Netherlands
| | - Danielle Versteeg
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT, Netherlands
| | - Hesther de Ruiter
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT, Netherlands
| | - Karel Bezstarosti
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Netherlands
| | - Judith Groeneweg
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd J Klaasen
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT, Netherlands
| | - Linda W van Laake
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A A Demmers
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Netherlands
| | - Geert J P L Kops
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT, Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, Netherlands
| | - Toon A B van Veen
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CM, Netherlands
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Netherlands
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, Netherlands
| | - Eva van Rooij
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Netherlands
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26
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van Kampen SJ, Han SJ, van Ham WB, Kyriakopoulou E, Stouthart EW, Goversen B, Monshouwer-Kloots J, Perini I, de Ruiter H, van der Kraak P, Vink A, van Laake LW, Groeneweg JA, de Boer TP, Tsui H, Boogerd CJ, van Veen TAB, van Rooij E. PITX2 induction leads to impaired cardiomyocyte function in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:749-764. [PMID: 36868229 PMCID: PMC10031305 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited progressive disease characterized by electrophysiological and structural remodeling of the ventricles. However, the disease-causing molecular pathways, as a consequence of desmosomal mutations, are poorly understood. Here, we identified a novel missense mutation within desmoplakin in a patient clinically diagnosed with ACM. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we corrected this mutation in patient-derived human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and generated an independent knockin hiPSC line carrying the same mutation. Mutant cardiomyocytes displayed a decline in connexin 43, NaV1.5, and desmosomal proteins, which was accompanied by a prolonged action potential duration. Interestingly, paired-like homeodomain 2 (PITX2), a transcription factor that acts a repressor of connexin 43, NaV1.5, and desmoplakin, was induced in mutant cardiomyocytes. We validated these results in control cardiomyocytes in which PITX2 was either depleted or overexpressed. Importantly, knockdown of PITX2 in patient-derived cardiomyocytes is sufficient to restore the levels of desmoplakin, connexin 43, and NaV1.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan J van Kampen
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Su Ji Han
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Willem B van Ham
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eirini Kyriakopoulou
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth W Stouthart
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Birgit Goversen
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Jantine Monshouwer-Kloots
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ilaria Perini
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hesther de Ruiter
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Petra van der Kraak
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Aryan Vink
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Linda W van Laake
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith A Groeneweg
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Teun P de Boer
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hoyee Tsui
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J Boogerd
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Toon A B van Veen
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eva van Rooij
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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27
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Using Zebrafish Animal Model to Study the Genetic Underpinning and Mechanism of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044106. [PMID: 36835518 PMCID: PMC9966228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is largely an autosomal dominant genetic disorder manifesting fibrofatty infiltration and ventricular arrhythmia with predominantly right ventricular involvement. ACM is one of the major conditions associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death, most notably in young individuals and athletes. ACM has strong genetic determinants, and genetic variants in more than 25 genes have been identified to be associated with ACM, accounting for approximately 60% of ACM cases. Genetic studies of ACM in vertebrate animal models such as zebrafish (Danio rerio), which are highly amenable to large-scale genetic and drug screenings, offer unique opportunities to identify and functionally assess new genetic variants associated with ACM and to dissect the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms at the whole-organism level. Here, we summarize key genes implicated in ACM. We discuss the use of zebrafish models, categorized according to gene manipulation approaches, such as gene knockdown, gene knock-out, transgenic overexpression, and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in, to study the genetic underpinning and mechanism of ACM. Information gained from genetic and pharmacogenomic studies in such animal models can not only increase our understanding of the pathophysiology of disease progression, but also guide disease diagnosis, prognosis, and the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Olcum M, Rouhi L, Fan S, Gonzales MM, Jeong HH, Zhao Z, Gurha P, Marian AJ. PANoptosis is a prominent feature of desmoplakin cardiomyopathy. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2023; 3:3. [PMID: 36818425 PMCID: PMC9933912 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2022.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is hereditary cardiomyopathy caused by pathogenic variants (mutations) in genes encoding the intercalated disc (ID), particularly desmosome proteins. ACM caused by mutations in the DSP gene encoding desmoplakin (DSP) is characterized by the prominence of cell death, myocardial fibrosis, and inflammation, and is referred to as desmoplakin cardiomyopathy. Aim The aim of this article was to gain insight into the pathogenesis of DSP cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results The Dsp gene was exclusively deleted in cardiac myocytes using tamoxifen-inducible MerCreMer (Myh6-Mcm Tam) and floxed Dsp (Dsp F/F) mice (Myh6-Mcm Tam:Dsp F/F). Recombination was induced upon subcutaneous injection of tamoxifen (30 mg/kg/d) for 5 days starting post-natal day 14. Survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier plots, cardiac function by echocardiography, arrhythmias by rhythm monitoring, and gene expression by RNA-Seq, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence techniques. Cell death was analyzed by the TUNEL assay and the expression levels of specific markers were by RT-PCR and immunoblotting. Myocardial fibrosis was assessed by picrosirius red staining of the myocardial sections, RT-PCR, and immunoblotting. The Myh6-Mcm Tam: Dsp F/F mice showed extensive molecular remodeling of the IDs and the differential expression of ~10,000 genes, which predicted activation of KDM5A, IRFs, and NFκB and suppression of PPARGC1A and RB1, among others in the DSP-deficient myocytes. Gene set enrichment analysis predicted activation of the TNFα/NFκB pathway, inflammation, cell death programs, and fibrosis. Analysis of cell death markers indicated PANoptosis, comprised of apoptosis (increased CASP3, CASP8, BAD and reduced BCL2), necroptosis (increased RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL), and pyroptosis (increased GSDMD and ASC or PYCARD) in the DSP-deficient myocytes. Transcript levels of the pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic genes were increased and myocardial fibrosis comprised ~25% of the myocardium in the DSP-deficient hearts. The Myh6-Mcm Tam:Dsp F/F mice showed severe cardiac systolic dysfunction and ventricular arrhythmias, and died prematurely with a median survival rate of ~2 months. Conclusion The findings identify PANoptosis as a prominent phenotypic feature of DSP cardiomyopathy and set the stage for delineating the specific molecular mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis. The model also provides the opportunity to test the effects of pharmacological and genetic interventions on myocardial fibrosis and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Olcum
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Leila Rouhi
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Siyang Fan
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Maya M. Gonzales
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hyun-Hwan Jeong
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics and School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics and School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Priyatansh Gurha
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ali J. Marian
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Vallverdú-Prats M, Carreras D, Pérez GJ, Campuzano O, Brugada R, Alcalde M. Alterations in Calcium Handling Are a Common Feature in an Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Cell Model Triggered by Desmosome Genes Loss. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032109. [PMID: 36768439 PMCID: PMC9917020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited cardiac disease characterized by fibrofatty replacement of the myocardium. Deleterious variants in desmosomal genes are the main cause of ACM and lead to common and gene-specific molecular alterations, which are not yet fully understood. This article presents the first systematic in vitro study describing gene and protein expression alterations in desmosomes, electrical conduction-related genes, and genes involved in fibrosis and adipogenesis. Moreover, molecular and functional alterations in calcium handling were also characterized. This study was performed d with HL1 cells with homozygous knockouts of three of the most frequently mutated desmosomal genes in ACM: PKP2, DSG2, and DSC2 (generated by CRISPR/Cas9). Moreover, knockout and N-truncated clones of DSP were also included. Our results showed functional alterations in calcium handling, a slower calcium re-uptake was observed in the absence of PKP2, DSG2, and DSC2, and the DSP knockout clone showed a more rapid re-uptake. We propose that the described functional alterations of the calcium handling genes may be explained by mRNA expression levels of ANK2, CASQ2, ATP2A2, RYR2, and PLN. In conclusion, the loss of desmosomal genes provokes alterations in calcium handling, potentially contributing to the development of arrhythmogenic events in ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vallverdú-Prats
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Biomedical Research Institute of Girona, 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - David Carreras
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Biomedical Research Institute of Girona, 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Guillermo J. Pérez
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Biomedical Research Institute of Girona, 17190 Salt, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 21005 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Campuzano
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Biomedical Research Institute of Girona, 17190 Salt, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 21005 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Brugada
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Biomedical Research Institute of Girona, 17190 Salt, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 21005 Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Josep Trueta, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Mireia Alcalde
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Biomedical Research Institute of Girona, 17190 Salt, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +872-98-70-87
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Maejima Y, Zablocki D, Nah J, Sadoshima J. The role of the Hippo pathway in autophagy in the heart. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 118:3320-3330. [PMID: 35150237 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway, an evolutionarily conserved signalling mechanism, controls organ size and tumourigenesis. Increasing lines of evidence suggest that autophagy, an important mechanism of lysosome-mediated cellular degradation, is regulated by the Hippo pathway, which thereby profoundly affects cell growth and death responses in various cell types. In the heart, Mst1, an upstream component of the Hippo pathway, not only induces apoptosis but also inhibits autophagy through phosphorylation of Beclin 1. YAP/TAZ, transcription factor co-factors and the terminal effectors of the Hippo pathway, affect autophagy through transcriptional activation of TFEB, a master regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. The cellular abundance of YAP is negatively regulated by autophagy and suppression of autophagy induces accumulation of YAP, which, in turn, acts as a feedback mechanism to induce autophagosome formation. Thus, the Hippo pathway and autophagy regulate each other, thereby profoundly affecting cardiomyocyte survival and death. This review discusses the interaction between the Hippo pathway and autophagy and its functional significance during stress conditions in the heart and the cardiomyocytes therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Maejima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave., MSB G-609, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Daniela Zablocki
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave., MSB G-609, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Jihoon Nah
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave., MSB G-609, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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31
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Li R, Huang W. Yes-Associated Protein and Transcriptional Coactivator with PDZ-Binding Motif in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021666. [PMID: 36675179 PMCID: PMC9861006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP, also known as YAP1) and its paralogue TAZ (with a PDZ-binding motif) are transcriptional coactivators that switch between the cytoplasm and nucleus and regulate the organ size and tissue homeostasis. This review focuses on the research progress on YAP/TAZ signaling proteins in myocardial infarction, cardiac remodeling, hypertension and coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, and aortic disease. Based on preclinical studies on YAP/TAZ signaling proteins in cellular/animal models and clinical patients, the potential roles of YAP/TAZ proteins in some cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are summarized.
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32
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Ni B, Sun M, Zhao J, Wang J, Cao Z. The role of β-catenin in cardiac diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1157043. [PMID: 37033656 PMCID: PMC10073558 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1157043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a classical Wnt pathway that regulates the stability and nuclear localization of β-catenin and plays an important role in adult heart development and cardiac tissue homeostasis. In recent years, an increasing number of researchers have implicated the dysregulation of this signaling pathway in a variety of cardiac diseases, such as myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathies, and myocardial hypertrophy. The morbidity and mortality of cardiac diseases are increasing, which brings great challenges to clinical treatment and seriously affects patient health. Thus, understanding the biological roles of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in these diseases may be essential for cardiac disease treatment and diagnosis to improve patient quality of life. In this review, we summarize current research on the roles of β-catenin in human cardiac diseases and potential inhibitors of Wnt/β-catenin, which may provide new strategies for cardiac disease therapies.
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Zheng M, Li RG, Song J, Zhao X, Tang L, Erhardt S, Chen W, Nguyen BH, Li X, Li M, Wang J, Evans SM, Christoffels VM, Li N, Wang J. Hippo-Yap Signaling Maintains Sinoatrial Node Homeostasis. Circulation 2022; 146:1694-1711. [PMID: 36317529 PMCID: PMC9897204 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.058777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sinoatrial node (SAN) functions as the pacemaker of the heart, initiating rhythmic heartbeats. Despite its importance, the SAN is one of the most poorly understood cardiac entities because of its small size and complex composition and function. The Hippo signaling pathway is a molecular signaling pathway fundamental to heart development and regeneration. Although abnormalities of the Hippo pathway are associated with cardiac arrhythmias in human patients, the role of this pathway in the SAN is unknown. METHODS We investigated key regulators of the Hippo pathway in SAN pacemaker cells by conditionally inactivating the Hippo signaling kinases Lats1 and Lats2 using the tamoxifen-inducible, cardiac conduction system-specific Cre driver Hcn4CreERT2 with Lats1 and Lats2 conditional knockout alleles. In addition, the Hippo-signaling effectors Yap and Taz were conditionally inactivated in the SAN. To determine the function of Hippo signaling in the SAN and other cardiac conduction system components, we conducted a series of physiological and molecular experiments, including telemetry ECG recording, echocardiography, Masson Trichrome staining, calcium imaging, immunostaining, RNAscope, cleavage under targets and tagmentation sequencing using antibodies against Yap1 or H3K4me3, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting. We also performed comprehensive bioinformatics analyses of various datasets. RESULTS We found that Lats1/2 inactivation caused severe sinus node dysfunction. Compared with the controls, Lats1/2 conditional knockout mutants exhibited dysregulated calcium handling and increased fibrosis in the SAN, indicating that Lats1/2 function through both cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. It is notable that the Lats1/2 conditional knockout phenotype was rescued by genetic deletion of Yap and Taz in the cardiac conduction system. These rescued mice had normal sinus rhythm and reduced fibrosis of the SAN, indicating that Lats1/2 function through Yap and Taz. Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation sequencing data showed that Yap potentially regulates genes critical for calcium homeostasis such as Ryr2 and genes encoding paracrine factors important in intercellular communication and fibrosis induction such as Tgfb1 and Tgfb3. Consistent with this, Lats1/2 conditional knockout mutants had decreased Ryr2 expression and increased Tgfb1 and Tgfb3 expression compared with control mice. CONCLUSIONS We reveal, for the first time to our knowledge, that the canonical Hippo-Yap pathway plays a pivotal role in maintaining SAN homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M.Z., X.Z., S.E., W.C., Jun Wang)
| | - Rich G Li
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston (R.G.L., X.L.)
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Medicine (Section of Cardiovascular Research), Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (J.S., N.L.)
| | - Xiaolei Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M.Z., X.Z., S.E., W.C., Jun Wang)
| | - Li Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (L.T., M.L., Jianxin Wang)
| | - Shannon Erhardt
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M.Z., X.Z., S.E., W.C., Jun Wang)
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston (S.E., Jun Wang)
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M.Z., X.Z., S.E., W.C., Jun Wang)
| | - Bao H Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.H.N.)
| | - Xiao Li
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston (R.G.L., X.L.)
| | - Min Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (L.T., M.L., Jianxin Wang)
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (L.T., M.L., Jianxin Wang)
| | - Sylvia M Evans
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla (S.M.E.)
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (V.M.C.)
| | - Na Li
- Department of Medicine (Section of Cardiovascular Research), Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (J.S., N.L.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M.Z., X.Z., S.E., W.C., Jun Wang)
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston (S.E., Jun Wang)
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Fu M, Hu Y, Lan T, Guan KL, Luo T, Luo M. The Hippo signalling pathway and its implications in human health and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:376. [PMID: 36347846 PMCID: PMC9643504 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As an evolutionarily conserved signalling network, the Hippo pathway plays a crucial role in the regulation of numerous biological processes. Thus, substantial efforts have been made to understand the upstream signals that influence the activity of the Hippo pathway, as well as its physiological functions, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, organ growth, embryogenesis, and tissue regeneration/wound healing. However, dysregulation of the Hippo pathway can cause a variety of diseases, including cancer, eye diseases, cardiac diseases, pulmonary diseases, renal diseases, hepatic diseases, and immune dysfunction. Therefore, therapeutic strategies that target dysregulated Hippo components might be promising approaches for the treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. Here, we review the key components and upstream signals of the Hippo pathway, as well as the critical physiological functions controlled by the Hippo pathway. Additionally, diseases associated with alterations in the Hippo pathway and potential therapies targeting Hippo components will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyang Fu
- Breast Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South of Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology Nursing, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianxia Lan
- Breast Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South of Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ting Luo
- Breast Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South of Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Min Luo
- Breast Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South of Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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Ahmad US, Uttagomol J, Wan H. The Regulation of the Hippo Pathway by Intercellular Junction Proteins. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1792. [PMID: 36362947 PMCID: PMC9696951 DOI: 10.3390/life12111792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that serves to promote cell death and differentiation while inhibiting cellular proliferation across species. The downstream effectors of this pathway, yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), are considered vital in promoting the output of the Hippo pathway, with activation of upstream kinases negatively regulating YAP/TAZ activity. The upstream regulation of the Hippo pathway is not entirely understood on a molecular level. However, several studies have shown that numerous cellular and non-cellular mechanisms such as cell polarity, contact inhibition, soluble factors, mechanical forces, and metabolism can convey external stimuli to the intracellular kinase cascade, promoting the activation of key components of the Hippo pathway and therefore regulating the subcellular localisation and protein activity of YAP/TAZ. This review will summarise what we have learnt about the role of intercellular junction-associated proteins in the activation of this pathway, including adherens junctions and tight junctions, and in particular our latest findings about the desmosomal components, including desmoglein-3 (DSG3), in the regulation of YAP signalling, phosphorylation, and subcellular translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Sharif Ahmad
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Jutamas Uttagomol
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Hong Wan
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
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Piquer-Gil M, Domenech-Dauder S, Sepúlveda-Gómez M, Machí-Camacho C, Braza-Boïls A, Zorio E. Non Coding RNAs as Regulators of Wnt/β-Catenin and Hippo Pathways in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2619. [PMID: 36289882 PMCID: PMC9599412 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited cardiomyopathy histologically characterized by the replacement of myocardium by fibrofatty infiltration, cardiomyocyte loss, and inflammation. ACM has been defined as a desmosomal disease because most of the mutations causing the disease are located in genes encoding desmosomal proteins. Interestingly, the instable structures of these intercellular junctions in this disease are closely related to a perturbed Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Imbalance in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling and also in the crosslinked Hippo pathway leads to the transcription of proadipogenic and profibrotic genes. Aiming to shed light on the mechanisms by which Wnt/β-catenin and Hippo pathways modulate the progression of the pathological ACM phenotype, the study of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has emerged as a potential source of actionable targets. ncRNAs comprise a wide range of RNA species (short, large, linear, circular) which are able to finely tune gene expression and determine the final phenotype. Some share recognition sites, thus referred to as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), and ensure a coordinating action. Recent cancer research studies regarding the key role of ceRNAs in Wnt/β-catenin and Hippo pathways modulation pave the way to better understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Piquer-Gil
- Unit of Inherited Cardiomyopathies and Sudden Death (CaFaMuSMe), Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sofía Domenech-Dauder
- Unit of Inherited Cardiomyopathies and Sudden Death (CaFaMuSMe), Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Sepúlveda-Gómez
- Unit of Inherited Cardiomyopathies and Sudden Death (CaFaMuSMe), Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carla Machí-Camacho
- Unit of Inherited Cardiomyopathies and Sudden Death (CaFaMuSMe), Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Aitana Braza-Boïls
- Unit of Inherited Cardiomyopathies and Sudden Death (CaFaMuSMe), Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Zorio
- Unit of Inherited Cardiomyopathies and Sudden Death (CaFaMuSMe), Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), 28015 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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Stevens TL, Manring HR, Wallace MJ, Argall A, Dew T, Papaioannou P, Antwi-Boasiako S, Xu X, Campbell SG, Akar FG, Borzok MA, Hund TJ, Mohler PJ, Koenig SN, El Refaey M. Humanized Dsp ACM Mouse Model Displays Stress-Induced Cardiac Electrical and Structural Phenotypes. Cells 2022; 11:3049. [PMID: 36231013 PMCID: PMC9562631 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited disorder characterized by fibro-fatty infiltration with an increased propensity for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. Genetic variants in desmosomal genes are associated with ACM. Incomplete penetrance is a common feature in ACM families, complicating the understanding of how external stressors contribute towards disease development. To analyze the dual role of genetics and external stressors on ACM progression, we developed one of the first mouse models of ACM that recapitulates a human variant by introducing the murine equivalent of the human R451G variant into endogenous desmoplakin (DspR451G/+). Mice homozygous for this variant displayed embryonic lethality. While DspR451G/+ mice were viable with reduced expression of DSP, no presentable arrhythmogenic or structural phenotypes were identified at baseline. However, increased afterload resulted in reduced cardiac performance, increased chamber dilation, and accelerated progression to heart failure. In addition, following catecholaminergic challenge, DspR451G/+ mice displayed frequent and prolonged arrhythmic events. Finally, aberrant localization of connexin-43 was noted in the DspR451G/+ mice at baseline, becoming more apparent following cardiac stress via pressure overload. In summary, cardiovascular stress is a key trigger for unmasking both electrical and structural phenotypes in one of the first humanized ACM mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler L. Stevens
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Heather R. Manring
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael J. Wallace
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Aaron Argall
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Trevor Dew
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peter Papaioannou
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Steve Antwi-Boasiako
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xianyao Xu
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Stuart G. Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Fadi G. Akar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Maegen A. Borzok
- Biochemistry, Chemistry, Engineering, and Physics Department, Commonwealth University of Pennsylvania, Mansfield, PA 16933, USA
| | - Thomas J. Hund
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peter J. Mohler
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sara N. Koenig
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mona El Refaey
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Depletion of VGLL4 Causes Perinatal Lethality without Affecting Myocardial Development. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182832. [PMID: 36139407 PMCID: PMC9496954 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is one of the leading causes of pediatric morbidity and mortality, thus highlighting the importance of deciphering the molecular mechanisms that control heart development. As the terminal transcriptional effectors of the Hippo-YAP pathway, YAP and TEAD1 form a transcriptional complex that regulates the target gene expression and depletes either of these two genes in cardiomyocytes, thus resulting in cardiac hypoplasia. Vestigial-like 4 (VGLL4) is a transcriptional co-factor that interacts with TEAD and suppresses the YAP/TEAD complex by competing against YAP for TEAD binding. To understand the VGLL4 function in the heart, we generated two VGLL4 loss-of-function mouse lines: a germline Vgll4 depletion allele and a cardiomyocyte-specific Vgll4 depletion allele. The whole-body deletion of Vgll4 caused defective embryo development and perinatal lethality. The analysis of the embryos at day 16.5 revealed that Vgll4 knockout embryos had reduced body size, malformed tricuspid valves, and normal myocardium. Few whole-body Vgll4 knockout pups could survive up to 10 days, and none of them showed body weight gain. In contrast to the whole-body Vgll4 knockout mutants, cardiomyocyte-specific Vgll4 knockout mice had no noticeable heart growth defects and had normal heart function. In summary, our data suggest that VGLL4 is required for embryo development but dispensable for myocardial growth.
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Zheng A, Chen Q, Zhang L. The Hippo-YAP pathway in various cardiovascular diseases: Focusing on the inflammatory response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:971416. [PMID: 36059522 PMCID: PMC9433876 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.971416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster and mammals as a key regulator of tissue growth both in physiological and pathological states. Numerous studies depict the vital role of the Hippo pathway in cardiovascular development, heart regeneration, organ size and vascular remodeling through the regulation of YAP (yes-associated protein) translocation. Recently, an increasing number of studies have focused on the Hippo-YAP pathway in inflammation and immunology. Although the Hippo-YAP pathway has been revealed to play controversial roles in different contexts and cell types in the cardiovascular system, the mechanisms regulating tissue inflammation and the immune response remain to be clarified. In this review, we summarize findings from the past decade on the function and mechanism of the Hippo-YAP pathway in CVDs (cardiovascular diseases) such as myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis. In particular, we emphasize the role of the Hippo-YAP pathway in regulating inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammatory cytokine activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li Zhang
- *Correspondence: Li Zhang, ; Qishan Chen,
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Lu W, Li Y, Dai Y, Chen K. Dominant Myocardial Fibrosis and Complex Immune Microenvironment Jointly Shape the Pathogenesis of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:900810. [PMID: 35845067 PMCID: PMC9278650 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.900810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a heritable life-threatening myocardial disease characterized by ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Few studies used RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology to analyze gene expression profiles, hub genes, dominant pathogenic processes, immune microenvironment in ARVC. This study aimed to explore these questions via integrated bioinformatics analysis. Methods RNA-sequencing datasets of GSE107475, GSE107311, GSE107156, and GSE107125 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, including right and left ventricular myocardium from ARVC patients and normal controls. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified the ARVC hub modules and genes. Functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction analysis were performed by Metascape and STRING. Single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was applied to assess immune cell infiltration. Transcription regulator (TF) analysis was performed by TRRUST. Results Three ARVC hub modules with 25 hub genes were identified. Functional enrichment analysis of the hub genes indicated that myocardial fibrosis was the dominant pathogenic process. Higher myocardial fibrosis activity existed in ARVC than in normal controls. A complex immune microenvironment was discovered that type 2 T helper cell, type 1 T helper cell, regulatory T cell, plasmacytoid dendritic cell, neutrophil, mast cell, central memory CD4 T cell, macrophage, CD56dim natural killer cell, myeloid-derived suppressor cell, memory B cell, natural killer T cell, and activated CD8 T cell were highly infiltrated in ARVC myocardium. The immune-related hub module was enriched in immune processes and inflammatory disease pathways, with hub genes including CD74, HLA-DRA, ITGAM, CTSS, CYBB, and IRF8. A positive linear correlation existed between immune cell infiltration and fibrosis activity in ARVC. NFKB1 and RELA were the shared TFs of ARVC hub genes and immune-related hub module genes, indicating the critical role of NFκB signaling in both mechanisms. Finally, the potential lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network for ARVC hub genes was constructed. Conclusion Myocardial fibrosis is the dominant pathogenic process in end-stage ARVC patients. A complex immune microenvironment exists in the diseased myocardium of ARVC, in which T cell subsets are the primary category. A tight relationship exists between myocardial fibrosis activity and immune cell infiltration. NFκB signaling pathway possibly contributes to both mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Keping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Ziemann M, Wu W, Deng XL, Du XJ. Transcriptomic Analysis of Dysregulated Genes of the nDNA-mtDNA Axis in a Mouse Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Front Genet 2022; 13:921610. [PMID: 35754828 PMCID: PMC9214240 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.921610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the development of cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Transcription of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encoded genes and subsequent protein synthesis are tightly regulated by nuclear DNA (nDNA) encoded proteins forming the nDNA-mtDNA axis. The scale of abnormalities in this axis in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is unclear. We previously demonstrated, in a mouse DCM model with cardiac Mst1 overexpression, extensive downregulation of mitochondrial genes and mitochondrial dysfunction. Using the pre-acquired transcriptome sequencing database, we studied expression of gene sets of the nDNA-mtDNA axis. Methods: Using RNA-sequencing data from DCM hearts of mice at early and severe disease stages, transcriptome was performed for dysregulated nDNA-encoded gene sets that govern mtDNA transcription and in situ protein synthesis. To validate gene data, expression of a panel of proteins was determined by immunoblotting. Results: Relative to littermate controls, DCM hearts showed significant downregulation of all mtDNA encoded mRNAs, as well as mtDNA transcriptional activators. Downregulation was also evident for gene sets of mt-rRNA processing, aminoacyl-tRNA synthases, and mitoribosome subunits for in situ protein synthesis. Multiple downregulated genes belong to mitochondrial protein-importing machinery indicating compromised importing of proteins for mtDNA transcription and translation. Diverse changes were genes of mtRNA-binding proteins that govern maturation and stability of mtDNA-derived RNAs. Expression of mtDNA replicome genes was largely unchanged. These changes were similarly observed in mouse hearts at early and severe stages of DCM. Conclusion: Transcriptome revealed in our DCM model dysregulation of multiple gene sets of the nDNA-mtDNA axis, that is, expected to interfere with mtDNA transcription and in situ protein synthesis. Dysfunction of the nDNA-mtDNA axis might contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and ultimately development of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ziemann
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Huang Y, Ahmad US, Rehman A, Uttagomol J, Wan H. YAP Inhibition by Verteporfin Causes Downregulation of Desmosomal Genes and Proteins Leading to the Disintegration of Intercellular Junctions. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060792. [PMID: 35743822 PMCID: PMC9225343 DOI: 10.3390/life12060792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo-YAP pathway serves as a central signalling hub in epithelial tissue generation and homeostasis. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is an essential downstream transcription cofactor of this pathway, with its activity being negatively regulated by Hippo kinase-mediated phosphorylation, leading to its cytoplasmic translocation or degradation. Our recent study showed phospho-YAP complexes with Desmoglein-3 (Dsg3), the desmosomal cadherin known to be required for junction assembly and cell–cell adhesion. In this study, we show that YAP inhibition by Verteporfin (VP) caused a significant downregulation of desmosomal genes and a remarkable reduction in desmosomal proteins, including the Dsg3/phospho-YAP complex, resulting in attenuation of cell cohesion. We also found the desmosomal genes, along with E-cadherin, were the YAP-TEAD transcriptional targets and Dsg3 regulated key Hippo components, including WWTR1/TAZ, LATS2 and the key desmosomal molecules. Furthermore, Dsg3 and phospho-YAP exhibited coordinated regulation in response to varied cell densities and culture durations. Overexpression of Dsg3 could compensate for VP mediated loss of adhesion components and proper architecture of cell junctions. Thus, our findings suggest that Dsg3 plays a crucial role in the Hippo network and regulates junction configuration via complexing with phospho-YAP.
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Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2022; 8:533-553. [PMID: 35450611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) encompasses a group of conditions characterized by right ventricular fibrofatty infiltration, with a predominant arrhythmic presentation. First described in the late 1970s and early 1980s, it is now frequently recognized to have biventricular involvement. The prevalence is ∼1:2,000 to 1:5,000, depending on geographic location, and it has a slight male predominance. The diagnosis of ARVC is determined on the basis of fulfillment of task force criteria incorporating electrophysiological parameters, cardiac imaging findings, genetic factors, and histopathologic features. Risk stratification of patients with ARVC aims to identify those who are at increased risk of sudden cardiac death or sustained ventricular tachycardia. Factors including age, sex, electrophysiological features, and cardiac imaging investigations all contribute to risk stratification. The current management of ARVC includes exercise restriction, β-blocker therapy, consideration for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator insertion, and catheter ablation. This review summarizes our current understanding of ARVC and provides clinicians with a practical approach to diagnosis and management.
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Tsai CR, Martin JF. Hippo signaling in cardiac fibroblasts during development, tissue repair, and fibrosis. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 149:91-121. [PMID: 35606063 PMCID: PMC10898347 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved Hippo signaling pathway plays key roles in regulating the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis, cell differentiation, organ size control, tissue repair, and regeneration. Recently, the Hippo pathway has been shown to regulate heart fibrosis, defined as excess extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and increased tissue stiffness. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are the primary cell type that produces, degrades, and remodels the ECM during homeostasis, aging, inflammation, and tissue repair and regeneration. Here, we review the available evidence from the current literature regarding how the Hippo pathway regulates the formation and function of CFs during heart development and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ru Tsai
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - James F Martin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States.
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Ramaccini D, Pedriali G, Perrone M, Bouhamida E, Modesti L, Wieckowski MR, Giorgi C, Pinton P, Morciano G. Some Insights into the Regulation of Cardiac Physiology and Pathology by the Hippo Pathway. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030726. [PMID: 35327528 PMCID: PMC8945338 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is one of the most fascinating organs in living beings. It beats up to 100,000 times a day throughout the lifespan, without resting. The heart undergoes profound anatomical, biochemical, and functional changes during life, from hypoxemic fetal stages to a completely differentiated four-chambered cardiac muscle. In the middle, many biological events occur after and intersect with each other to regulate development, organ size, and, in some cases, regeneration. Several studies have defined the essential roles of the Hippo pathway in heart physiology through the regulation of apoptosis, autophagy, cell proliferation, and differentiation. This molecular route is composed of multiple components, some of which were recently discovered, and is highly interconnected with multiple known prosurvival pathways. The Hippo cascade is evolutionarily conserved among species, and in addition to its regulatory roles, it is involved in disease by drastically changing the heart phenotype and its function when its components are mutated, absent, or constitutively activated. In this review, we report some insights into the regulation of cardiac physiology and pathology by the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ramaccini
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; (D.R.); (G.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Gaia Pedriali
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; (D.R.); (G.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Mariasole Perrone
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.P.); (L.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Esmaa Bouhamida
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; (D.R.); (G.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Lorenzo Modesti
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.P.); (L.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Mariusz R. Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.P.); (L.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; (D.R.); (G.P.); (E.B.)
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.P.); (L.M.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (G.M.); Tel.: +39-0532-455-802 (P.P.); +39-0532-455-804 (G.M.)
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; (D.R.); (G.P.); (E.B.)
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.P.); (L.M.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (G.M.); Tel.: +39-0532-455-802 (P.P.); +39-0532-455-804 (G.M.)
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Cerrone M, Marrón-Liñares GM, van Opbergen CJM, Costa S, Bourfiss M, Pérez-Hernández M, Schlamp F, Sanchis-Gomar F, Malkani K, Drenkova K, Zhang M, Lin X, Heguy A, Velthuis BK, Prakken NHJ, LaGerche A, Calkins H, James CA, Te Riele ASJM, Delmar M. Role of plakophilin-2 expression on exercise-related progression of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: a translational study. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:1251-1264. [PMID: 34932122 PMCID: PMC8934688 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Exercise increases arrhythmia risk and cardiomyopathy progression in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) patients, but the mechanisms remain unknown. We investigated transcriptomic changes caused by endurance training in mice deficient in plakophilin-2 (PKP2cKO), a desmosomal protein important for intercalated disc formation, commonly mutated in ARVC and controls. METHODS AND RESULTS Exercise alone caused transcriptional downregulation of genes coding intercalated disk proteins. The changes converged with those in sedentary and in exercised PKP2cKO mice. PKP2 loss caused cardiac contractile deficit, decreased muscle mass and increased functional/transcriptomic signatures of apoptosis, despite increased fractional shortening and calcium transient amplitude in single myocytes. Exercise accelerated cardiac dysfunction, an effect dampened by pre-training animals prior to PKP2-KO. Consistent with PKP2-dependent muscle mass deficit, cardiac dimensions in human athletes carrying PKP2 mutations were reduced, compared to matched controls. CONCLUSIONS We speculate that exercise challenges a cardiomyocyte "desmosomal reserve" which, if impaired genetically (e.g., PKP2 loss), accelerates progression of cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cerrone
- The ‘Leon Charney’ Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, NSB 707, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Grecia M Marrón-Liñares
- The ‘Leon Charney’ Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, NSB 707, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Chantal J M van Opbergen
- The ‘Leon Charney’ Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, NSB 707, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sarah Costa
- Division of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, Zurich CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Mimount Bourfiss
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht and The Netherlands Heart Institute, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Pérez-Hernández
- The ‘Leon Charney’ Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, NSB 707, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Florencia Schlamp
- The ‘Leon Charney’ Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, NSB 707, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, C. de Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Kabir Malkani
- The ‘Leon Charney’ Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, NSB 707, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kamelia Drenkova
- The ‘Leon Charney’ Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, NSB 707, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- The ‘Leon Charney’ Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, NSB 707, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Xianming Lin
- The ‘Leon Charney’ Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, NSB 707, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Adriana Heguy
- Genome Technology Center, Department of Pathology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Birgitta K Velthuis
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Niek H J Prakken
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andre LaGerche
- Clinical Research Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia and National Centre for Sports Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Building C, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Hugh Calkins
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Cynthia A James
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Anneline S J M Te Riele
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht and The Netherlands Heart Institute, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Delmar
- The ‘Leon Charney’ Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, NSB 707, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Wen D, Gao Y, Ho C, Yu L, Zhang Y, Lyu G, Hu D, Li Q, Zhang Y. Focusing on Mechanoregulation Axis in Fibrosis: Sensing, Transduction and Effecting. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:804680. [PMID: 35359592 PMCID: PMC8963247 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.804680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, a pathologic process featured by the excessive deposition of connective tissue components, can affect virtually every organ and has no satisfactory therapy yet. Fibrotic diseases are often associated with organ dysfunction which leads to high morbidity and mortality. Biomechanical stmuli and the corresponding cellular response havebeen identified in fibrogenesis, as the fibrotic remodeling could be seen as the incapacity to reestablish mechanical homeostasis: along with extracellular matrix accumulating, the physical property became more “stiff” and could in turn induce fibrosis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of mechanoregulation in fibrosis, from initialing cellular mechanosensing to intracellular mechanotransduction and processing, and ends up in mechanoeffecting. Our contents are not limited to the cellular mechanism, but further expand to the disorders involved and current clinical trials, providing an insight into the disease and hopefully inspiring new approaches for the treatment of tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Wen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chiakang Ho
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuguang Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guozhong Lyu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Dahai Hu
- Burns Centre of PLA, Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qingfeng Li, ; Yifan Zhang,
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qingfeng Li, ; Yifan Zhang,
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Analysis of buccal mucosa as a prognostic tool in children with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2022; 64:None. [PMID: 35300203 PMCID: PMC8917042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2021.101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The diagnosis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is challenging especially in children at risk of adverse events. Analysis of cardiac myocyte junctional protein distribution may have diagnostic and prognostic implications, but its utility is limited by the need for a myocardial sample. We previously reported that buccal mucosa cells show junctional protein redistribution similar to that seen in cardiac myocytes of adult patients with ACM. Objectives We aimed to determine when junctional protein distribution abnormalities first occur in children with ACM variants and whether they correlate with progression of clinically apparent disease. Methods We analyzed buccal mucosa samples of children and adolescents with a family history of ACM (n = 13) and age-matched controls (n = 13). Samples were immunostained for plakoglobin, desmoplakin, plakophilin-1 and connexin43 and analyzed by confocal microscopy. All participants were swabbed at least twice with an average interval of 12–18 months between samplings. Results Junctional protein re-localization in buccal mucosa cells did not correlate with the presence of ACM-causing variants but instead occurred with clinical onset of disease. No changes in protein distribution were seen unless and until there was clinical evidence of disease. In addition, progressive shifts in the distribution of key proteins correlated with worsening of the disease phenotype. Finally, we observed restoration of junctional signal for Cx43 in patient with a favorable response to anti-arrhythmic therapy. Conclusions Due to ethical concerns about obtaining heart biopsies in children with no apparent disease, it has not been possible to analyze molecular changes in cardiac myocytes with the onset/progression of clinical disease. Using buccal smears as a surrogate for the myocardium may facilitate future studies of mechanisms and pathophysiological consequences of junctional protein redistribution in ACM. Buccal cells may also be a safe and inexpensive tool for risk stratification and potentially monitoring response to treatment in children bearing ACM variants.
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Chen SN, Lam CK, Wan YW, Gao S, Malak OA, Zhao SR, Lombardi R, Ambardekar AV, Bristow MR, Cleveland J, Gigli M, Sinagra G, Graw S, Taylor MR, Wu JC, Mestroni L. Activation of PDGFRA signaling contributes to filamin C-related arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk0052. [PMID: 35196083 PMCID: PMC8865769 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
FLNC truncating mutations (FLNCtv) are prevalent causes of inherited dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), with a high risk of developing arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of mutant FLNC in the pathogenesis of arrhythmogenic DCM (a-DCM) using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). We demonstrated that iPSC-CMs from two patients with different FLNCtv mutations displayed arrhythmias and impaired contraction. FLNC ablation induced a similar phenotype, suggesting that FLNCtv are loss-of-function mutations. Coimmunoprecipitation and proteomic analysis identified β-catenin (CTNNB1) as a downstream target. FLNC deficiency induced nuclear translocation of CTNNB1 and subsequently activated the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) pathway, which were also observed in human hearts with a-DCM and FLNCtv. Treatment with the PDGFRA inhibitor, crenolanib, improved contractile function of patient iPSC-CMs. Collectively, our findings suggest that PDGFRA signaling is implicated in the pathogenesis, and inhibition of this pathway is a potential therapeutic strategy in FLNC-related cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet Nee Chen
- University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Chi Keung Lam
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Ying-Wooi Wan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shanshan Gao
- University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Olfat A. Malak
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shane Rui Zhao
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Raffaella Lombardi
- University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Amrut V. Ambardekar
- University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael R. Bristow
- University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joseph Cleveland
- University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marta Gigli
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria-Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria-Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy
| | - Sharon Graw
- University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Matthew R.G. Taylor
- University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Luisa Mestroni
- University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Aurora, CO, USA
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Yeruva S, Waschke J. Structure and regulation of desmosomes in intercalated discs: Lessons from epithelia. J Anat 2022; 242:81-90. [PMID: 35128661 PMCID: PMC9773171 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For electromechanical coupling of cardiomyocytes, intercalated discs (ICDs) are pivotal as highly specialized intercellular contact areas. ICD consists of adhesive contacts, such as desmosomes and adherens junctions (AJs) that are partially intermingled and thereby form an area composita to provide mechanical strength, as well as gap junctions (GJ) and sodium channels for excitation propagation. In contrast, in epithelia, mixed junctions with features of desmosomes and AJs are regarded as transitory primarily during the formation of desmosomes. The anatomy of desmosomes is defined by a typical ultrastructure with dense intracellular plaques anchoring the cadherin-type adhesion molecules to the intermediate filament cytoskeleton. Desmosomal diseases characterized by impaired adhesive and signalling functions of desmosomal contacts lead to arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy when affecting cardiomyocytes and cause pemphigus when manifesting in keratinocytes or present as cardiocutaneous syndromes when both cell types are targeted by the disease, which underscores the high biomedical relevance of these cell contacts. Therefore, comparative analyses regarding the structure and regulation of desmosomal contacts in cardiomyocytes and epithelial cells are helpful to better understand disease pathogenesis. In this brief review, we describe the structural properties of ICD compared to epithelial desmosomes and suggest that mechanisms regulating adhesion may at least in part be comparable. Also, we discuss whether phenomena such as hyperadhesion or the bidirectional regulation of desmosomes to serve as signalling hubs in epithelial cells may also be relevant for ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Yeruva
- Ludwig‐Maximilian‐Universität München, Anatomische Anstalt, Lehrstuhl Anatomie I – Vegetative AnatomieMunichGermany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Ludwig‐Maximilian‐Universität München, Anatomische Anstalt, Lehrstuhl Anatomie I – Vegetative AnatomieMunichGermany
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