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Zhang T, Pang C, Xu M, Zhao Q, Hu Z, Jiang X, Guo M. The role of immune system in atherosclerosis: Molecular mechanisms, controversies, and future possibilities. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110765. [PMID: 38369442 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Numerous cardiovascular disorders have atherosclerosis as their pathological underpinning. Numerous studies have demonstrated that, with the aid of pattern recognition receptors, cytokines, and immunoglobulins, innate immunity, represented by monocytes/macrophages, and adaptive immunity, primarily T/B cells, play a critical role in controlling inflammation and abnormal lipid metabolism in atherosclerosis. Additionally, the finding of numerous complement components in atherosclerotic plaques suggests yet again how heavily the immune system controls atherosclerosis. Therefore, it is essential to have a thorough grasp of how the immune system contributes to atherosclerosis. The specific molecular mechanisms involved in the activation of immune cells and immune molecules in atherosclerosis, the controversy surrounding some immune cells in atherosclerosis, and the limitations of extrapolating from relevant animal models to humans were all carefully reviewed in this review from the three perspectives of innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and complement system. This could provide fresh possibilities for atherosclerosis research and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Chenxu Pang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhijie Hu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Maojuan Guo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
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2
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Adrover JM, McDowell SAC, He XY, Quail DF, Egeblad M. NETworking with cancer: The bidirectional interplay between cancer and neutrophil extracellular traps. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:505-526. [PMID: 36827980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are major effectors and regulators of the immune system. They play critical roles not only in the eradication of pathogens but also in cancer initiation and progression. Conversely, the presence of cancer affects neutrophil activity, maturation, and lifespan. By promoting or repressing key neutrophil functions, cancer cells co-opt neutrophil biology to their advantage. This co-opting includes hijacking one of neutrophils' most striking pathogen defense mechanisms: the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are web-like filamentous extracellular structures of DNA, histones, and cytotoxic granule-derived proteins. Here, we discuss the bidirectional interplay by which cancer stimulates NET formation, and NETs in turn support disease progression. We review how vascular dysfunction and thrombosis caused by neutrophils and NETs underlie an elevated risk of death from cardiovascular events in cancer patients. Finally, we propose therapeutic strategies that may be effective in targeting NETs in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Adrover
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Sheri A C McDowell
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xue-Yan He
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Daniela F Quail
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Mikala Egeblad
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
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3
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Adrover JM, Carrau L, Daßler-Plenker J, Bram Y, Chandar V, Houghton S, Redmond D, Merrill JR, Shevik M, tenOever BR, Lyons SK, Schwartz RE, Egeblad M. Disulfiram inhibits neutrophil extracellular trap formation protecting rodents from acute lung injury and SARS-CoV-2 infection. JCI Insight 2022; 7:157342. [PMID: 35133984 PMCID: PMC8983145 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute lung injury has few treatment options and a high mortality rate. Upon injury, neutrophils infiltrate the lungs and form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), damaging the lungs and driving an exacerbated immune response. Unfortunately, no drug preventing NET formation has completed clinical development. Here, we report that disulfiram — an FDA-approved drug for alcohol use disorder — dramatically reduced NETs, increased survival, improved blood oxygenation, and reduced lung edema in a transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) mouse model. We then tested whether disulfiram could confer protection in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as NETs are elevated in patients with severe COVID-19. In SARS-CoV-2–infected golden hamsters, disulfiram reduced NETs and perivascular fibrosis in the lungs, and it downregulated innate immune and complement/coagulation pathways, suggesting that it could be beneficial for patients with COVID-19. In conclusion, an existing FDA-approved drug can block NET formation and improve disease course in 2 rodent models of lung injury for which treatment options are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Adrover
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States of America
| | - Lucia Carrau
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - Juliane Daßler-Plenker
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States of America
| | - Yaron Bram
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Vasuretha Chandar
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Sean Houghton
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - David Redmond
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Joseph R Merrill
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States of America
| | - Margaret Shevik
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States of America
| | - Benjamin R tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - Scott K Lyons
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States of America
| | - Robert E Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
| | - Mikala Egeblad
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States of America
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4
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Aroca-Crevillén A, Hidalgo A, Adrover JM. In Vivo Imaging of Circadian NET Formation During Lung Injury by Four-Dimensional Intravital Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2482:285-300. [PMID: 35610434 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2249-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are toxic extracellular structures deployed by neutrophils in response to pathogens and sterile danger signals. NETs are circadian in nature as mouse and human neutrophils preferentially deploy them at night or early morning. Traditionally, NETs have been quantified using a plethora of methods including immunofluorescence and ELISA-based assays; however few options are available to visualize them in vivo. Here we describe a method to directly visualize and quantify NET formation and release in the microvasculature of the lung using intravital imaging in a model of acute lung injury. The method allows four-dimensional capture and quantification of NET formation dynamics over time and should be a useful resource for those interested in visualizing neutrophil responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Aroca-Crevillén
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andres Hidalgo
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Adrover
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
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5
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Different types of cell death in vascular diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4687-4702. [PMID: 34013393 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In a mature organism, tissue homeostasis is regulated by cell division and cell demise as the two major physiological procedures. There is increasing evidence that deregulation of these processes is important in the pathogenicity of main diseases, including myocardial infarction, stroke, atherosclerosis, and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, there are ongoing efforts to discover modulating factors of the cell cycle and cell demise planners aiming at shaping innovative therapeutically modalities to the therapy of such diseases. Although the life of a cell is terminated by several modes of action, a few cell deaths exist-some of which resemble apoptosis and/or necrosis, and most of them are different from one another-that contribute to a wide range of functions to either support or disrupt the homoeostasis. Even in normal physiological conditions, cell life is severe within the cardiovascular system. Cells are persistently undergoing stretch, contraction, injurious metabolic byproducts, and hemodynamic forces, and a few of cells sustain decade-long lifetimes. The duration of vascular disease causes further exposure of vascular cells to a novel range of offences, most of which induce cell death. There is growing evidence on consequences of direct damage to a cell, as well as on responses of adjacent and infiltrating cells, which also have an effect on the pathology. In this study, by focusing on different pathways of cell death in different vascular diseases, an attempt is made to open a new perspective on the therapeutic goals associated with cell death in these diseases.
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6
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Plana E, Oto J, Medina P, Fernández-Pardo Á, Miralles M. Novel contributions of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm, the role of neutrophil extracellular traps: A systematic review. Thromb Res 2020; 194:200-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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7
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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Update. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010231. [PMID: 31963447 PMCID: PMC7016588 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are formed by decondensed chromatin, histones, and neutrophil granular proteins and have a role in entrapping microbial pathogens. NETs, however, have pro-thrombotic properties by stimulating fibrin deposition, and increased NET levels correlate with larger infarct size and predict major adverse cardiovascular (CV) events. NETs have been involved also in the pathogenesis of diabetes, as high glucose levels were found to induce NETosis. Accordingly, NETs have been described as drivers of diabetic complications, such as diabetic wound and diabetic retinopathy. Inflammasomes are macromolecular structures involved in the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-1, which is a key mediator in CV diseases. A crosstalk between the inflammasome and NETs is known for some rheumatologic diseases, while this link is still under investigation and not completely understood in CV diseases. In this review, we summarized the most recent updates about the role of NETs in acute myocardial infarction and metabolic diseases and provided an overview on the relationship between NET and inflammasome activities in rheumatologic diseases, speculating a possible link between these two entities also in CV diseases.
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Gisonno RA, Prieto ED, Gorgojo JP, Curto LM, Rodriguez ME, Rosú SA, Gaddi GM, Finarelli GS, Cortez MF, Schinella GR, Tricerri MA, Ramella NA. Fibrillar conformation of an apolipoprotein A-I variant involved in amyloidosis and atherosclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129515. [PMID: 31904503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different protein conformations may be involved in the development of clinical manifestations associated with human amyloidosis. Although a fibrillar conformation is usually the signature of damage in the tissues of patients, it is not clear whether this species is per se the cause or the consequence of the disease. Hereditary amyloidosis due to variants of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) with a substitution of a single amino acid is characterized by the presence of fibrillar protein within the lesions. Thus mutations result in increased protein aggregation. Here we set up to characterize the folding of a natural variant with a mutation leading to a deletion at position 107 (apoA-I Lys107-0). Patients carrying this variant show amyloidosis and severe atherosclerosis. METHODS We oxidized this variant under controlled concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and analyzed the structure obtained after 30-day incubation by fluorescence, circular dichroism and microscopy approaches. Neutrophils activation was characterized by confocal microscopy. RESULTS We obtained a high yield of well-defined stable fibrillar structures of apoA-I Lys107-0. In an in vitro neutrophils system, we were able to detect the induction of Neutrophils Extracellular Traps (NETs) when we incubated with oxidized apoA-I variants. This effect was exacerbated by the fibrillar structure of oxidized Lys 107-0. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that a pro-inflammatory microenvironment could result in the formation of aggregation-prone species, which, in addition may induce a positive feed-back in the activation of an inflammatory response. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These events may explain a close association between amyloidosis due to apoA-I Lys107-0 and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina A Gisonno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 120, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eduardo D Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan P Gorgojo
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Lucrecia M Curto
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas "Profesor Alejandro C. Paladini" (IQUIFIB) y Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
| | - M Eugenia Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Silvana A Rosú
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 120, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gisela M Gaddi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 120, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - M Fernanda Cortez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Argentina
| | - Guillermo R Schinella
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 120, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Alejandra Tricerri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 120, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Nahuel A Ramella
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 120, La Plata, Argentina.
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9
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Gómez-Moreno D, Adrover JM, Hidalgo A. Neutrophils as effectors of vascular inflammation. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48 Suppl 2:e12940. [PMID: 29682731 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vascular inflammation underlies most forms of cardiovascular disease, which remains a prevalent cause of death among the global population. Advances in the biology of neutrophils, as well as insights into their dynamics in tissues, have revealed that these cells are prominent drivers of vascular inflammation though derailed activation within blood vessels. The development of powerful imaging techniques, as well as identification of cells and molecules that regulate their activation within vessels, including platelets and catecholamines, has been instrumental to better understand the mechanisms through which neutrophils protect or damage the organism. Other advances in our understanding of how these leucocytes exert detrimental functions on neighbouring cells, including the formation of DNA-based extracellular traps, constitute milestones in defining neutrophil-driven inflammation. Here, we review emerging mechanisms that regulate intravascular activation and effector functions of neutrophils, and discuss specific pathologies in which these processes are relevant. We argue that identification of pathways and mechanisms specifically engaged within the vasculature may provide effective therapies to treat this prevalent group of pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gómez-Moreno
- Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Adrover
- Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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10
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Homann S, Grandoch M, Kiene LS, Podsvyadek Y, Feldmann K, Rabausch B, Nagy N, Lehr S, Kretschmer I, Oberhuber A, Bollyky P, Fischer JW. Hyaluronan synthase 3 promotes plaque inflammation and atheroprogression. Matrix Biol 2017; 66:67-80. [PMID: 28987865 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyaluronan (HA) is a prominent component of the provisional extracellular matrix (ECM) present in the neointima of atherosclerotic plaques. Here the role of HA synthase 3 (HAS3) in atheroprogression was studied. APPROACH AND RESULTS It is demonstrated here that HAS isoenzymes 1, -2 and -3 are expressed in human atherosclerotic plaques of the carotid artery. In Apolipoprotein E (Apoe)-deficient mice Has3 expression is increased early during lesion formation when macrophages enter atherosclerotic plaques. Importantly, HAS3 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) was found to be regulated by interleukin 1 β (IL-1β) in an NFkB dependent manner and blocking antibodies to IL-1β abrogate Has3 expression in VSMC by activated macrophages. Has3/Apoe double deficient mice developed less atherosclerosis characterized by decreased Th1-cell responses, decreased IL-12 release, and decreased macrophage-driven inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of HAS3-dependent synthesis of HA dampens systemic Th1 cell polarization and reduces plaque inflammation. These data suggest that HAS3 might be a promising therapeutic target in atherosclerosis. Moreover, because HAS3 is regulated by IL-1β, our results suggest that therapeutic anti-IL-1β antibodies, recently tested in human clinical trials (CANTOS), may exert their beneficial effects on inflammation in post-myocardial infarction patients in part via effects on HAS3. TOC categorybasic study TOC subcategoryarteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Homann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lena S Kiene
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yanina Podsvyadek
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kathrin Feldmann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Berit Rabausch
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadine Nagy
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford Immunology, Stanford, USA
| | - Stefan Lehr
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Inga Kretschmer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Oberhuber
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paul Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford Immunology, Stanford, USA
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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11
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Pieterse E, Jeremic I, Czegley C, Weidner D, Biermann MHC, Veissi S, Maueröder C, Schauer C, Bilyy R, Dumych T, Hoffmann M, Munoz LE, Bengtsson AA, Schett G, van der Vlag J, Herrmann M. Blood-borne phagocytes internalize urate microaggregates and prevent intravascular NETosis by urate crystals. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38229. [PMID: 27917897 PMCID: PMC5137018 DOI: 10.1038/srep38229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is strongly linked to cardiovascular complications including atherosclerosis and thrombosis. In individuals with hyperuricemia, needle-shaped monosodium urate crystals (nsMSU) frequently form within joints or urine, giving rise to gouty arthritis or renal calculi, respectively. These nsMSU are potent instigators of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Little is known on the mechanism(s) that prevent nsMSU formation within hyperuricemic blood, which would potentially cause detrimental consequences for the host. Here, we report that complement proteins and fetuins facilitate the continuous clearance by blood-borne phagocytes and resident macrophages of small urate microaggregates (UMA; <1 μm in size) that initially form in hyperuricemic blood. If this clearance fails, UMA exhibit bipolar growth to form typical full-sized nsMSU with a size up to 100 μm. In contrast to UMA, nsMSU stimulated neutrophils to release NETs. Under conditions of flow, nsMSU and NETs formed densely packed DNase I-resistant tophus-like structures with a high obstructive potential, highlighting the importance of an adequate and rapid removal of UMA from the circulation. Under pathological conditions, intravascularly formed nsMSU may hold the key to the incompletely understood association between NET-driven cardiovascular disease and hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmar Pieterse
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ivica Jeremic
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Rheumatology, Resavska 69, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Christine Czegley
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniela Weidner
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mona H C Biermann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susan Veissi
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Maueröder
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christine Schauer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rostyslav Bilyy
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana Dumych
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luis E Munoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Joshi MB, Baipadithaya G, Balakrishnan A, Hegde M, Vohra M, Ahamed R, Nagri SK, Ramachandra L, Satyamoorthy K. Elevated homocysteine levels in type 2 diabetes induce constitutive neutrophil extracellular traps. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36362. [PMID: 27811985 PMCID: PMC5095649 DOI: 10.1038/srep36362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutively active neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and elevated plasma homocysteine are independent risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) associated vascular diseases. Here, we show robust NETosis due to elevated plasma homocysteine levels in T2D subjects and increased components of NETs such as neutrophil elastase and cell free DNA. Cooperative NETs formation was observed in neutrophils exposed to homocysteine, IL-6 and high glucose suggesting acute temporal changes tightly regulate constitutive NETosis. Homocysteine induced NETs by NADPH oxidase dependent and independent mechanisms. Constitutively higher levels of calcium and mitochondrial superoxides under hyperglycemic conditions were further elevated in response to homocysteine leading to accelerated NETosis. Homocysteine showed robust interaction between neutrophils and platelets by inducing platelet aggregation and NETosis in an interdependent manner. Our data demonstrates that homocysteine can alter innate immune function by promoting NETs formation and disturbs homeostasis between platelets and neutrophils which may lead to T2D associated vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mangala Hegde
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Manik Vohra
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Rayees Ahamed
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Shivashankara K Nagri
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
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Walton GM, Stockley JA, Griffiths D, Sadhra CS, Purvis T, Sapey E. Repurposing Treatments to Enhance Innate Immunity. Can Statins Improve Neutrophil Functions and Clinical Outcomes in COPD? J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5100089. [PMID: 27727158 PMCID: PMC5086591 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug classes used in the treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) have not changed for many years, and none to date have shown disease-modifying activity. Statins are used to help reduce cardiovascular risk, which is high in many patients with COPD. Their use has been associated with improvements in some respiratory manifestations of disease and reduction in all-cause mortality, with greatest reductions seen in patients with the highest inflammatory burden. The mechanism for these effects is poorly understood. Neutrophils are key effector cells in COPD, and correlate with disease severity and inflammation. Recent in vitro studies have shown neutrophil functions are dysregulated in COPD and this is thought to contribute both to the destruction of lung parenchyma and to the poor responses seen in infective exacerbations. In this article, we will discuss the potential utility of statins in COPD, with a particular emphasis on their immune-modulatory effects as well as presenting new data regarding the effects of statins on neutrophil function in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia M Walton
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - James A Stockley
- Lung Function and Sleep, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Diane Griffiths
- Respiratory Research, Research and Development, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Charandeep S Sadhra
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Thomas Purvis
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Sapey
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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14
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Okubo K, Kamiya M, Urano Y, Nishi H, Herter JM, Mayadas T, Hirohama D, Suzuki K, Kawakami H, Tanaka M, Kurosawa M, Kagaya S, Hishikawa K, Nangaku M, Fujita T, Hayashi M, Hirahashi J. Lactoferrin Suppresses Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Release in Inflammation. EBioMedicine 2016; 10:204-15. [PMID: 27453322 PMCID: PMC5006695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are central players in the innate immune system. They generate neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which protect against invading pathogens but are also associated with the development of autoimmune and/or inflammatory diseases and thrombosis. Here, we report that lactoferrin, one of the components of NETs, translocated from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane and markedly suppressed NETs release. Furthermore, exogenous lactoferrin shrunk the chromatin fibers found in released NETs, without affecting the generation of oxygen radicals, but this failed after chemical removal of the positive charge of lactoferrin, suggesting that charge-charge interactions between lactoferrin and NETs were required for this function. In a model of immune complex-induced NET formation in vivo, intravenous lactoferrin injection markedly reduced the extent of NET formation. These observations suggest that lactoferrin serves as an intrinsic inhibitor of NETs release into the circulation. Thus, lactoferrin may represent a therapeutic lead for controlling NETs release in autoimmune and/or inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshu Okubo
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Apheresis and Dialysis Center, School of Medicine, Keio University, Japan; Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Japan
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishi
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Jan M Herter
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Tanya Mayadas
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Daigoro Hirohama
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Suzuki
- Inflammation Program, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawakami
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Kyoritsu Women's University, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Tanaka
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Kurosawa
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Japan
| | | | - Keiichi Hishikawa
- Department of Advanced Nephrology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matsuhiko Hayashi
- Apheresis and Dialysis Center, School of Medicine, Keio University, Japan; Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Japan
| | - Junichi Hirahashi
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Apheresis and Dialysis Center, School of Medicine, Keio University, Japan; Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Japan.
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15
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Cross CE, Zeki AA. Update on the spider and the fly: An extended commentary on "Oxidized LDL induced extracellular trap formation in human neutrophils via TLR-PKC-IRAK-MAPK and NADPH-Oxidase activation". Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 96:462-4. [PMID: 27040582 PMCID: PMC6020148 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carroll E Cross
- UC Davis Adult Cystic Fibrosis, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA; Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA; Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Amir A Zeki
- Asthma Network (UCAN) Clinic Programs, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA; Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
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16
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Mena HA, Carestia A, Scotti L, Parborell F, Schattner M, Negrotto S. Extracellular histones reduce survival and angiogenic responses of late outgrowth progenitor and mature endothelial cells. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:397-410. [PMID: 26663311 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ESSENTIALS: Extracellular histones are highly augmented in sites of neovessel formation, such as regeneration tissues. We studied histone effect on survival and angiogenic activity of mature and progenitor endothelial cells. Extracellular histones trigger apoptosis and pyroptosis and reduce angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Histone blockade can be useful as a therapeutic strategy to improve angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. BACKGROUND Extracellular histones are highly augmented in sites of neovessel formation, like regeneration tissues. Their cytotoxic effect has been studied in endothelial cells, although the mechanism involved and their action on endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) remain unknown. OBJECTIVE To study the effect of histones on ECFC survival and angiogenic functions and compare it with mature endothelial cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Nuclear morphology analysis showed that each human recombinant histone triggered both apoptotic-like and necrotic-like cell deaths in both mature and progenitor endothelial cells. While H1 and H2A exerted a weak toxicity, H2B, H3 and H4 were the most powerful. The percentage of apoptosis correlated with the percentage of ECFCs exhibiting caspase-3 activation and was zeroed by the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. Necrotic-like cell death was also suppressed by this compound and the caspase-1 inhibitor Ac-YVAD-CMK, indicating that histones triggered ECFC pyroptosis. All histones, at non-cytotoxic concentrations, reduced migration and H2B, H3 and H4 induced cell cycle arrest and impaired tubulogenesis via p38 activation. Neutrophil-derived histones exerted similar effects. In vivo blood vessel formation in the quail chorioallantoic membrane was also reduced by H2B, H3 and H4. Their cytotoxic and antiangiogenic effects were suppressed by unfractioned and low-molecular-weight heparins and the combination of TLR2 and TLR4 blocking antibodies. CONCLUSIONS Histones trigger both apoptosis and pyroptosis of ECFCs and inhibit their angiogenic functions. Their cytotoxic and antiangiogenic effects are similar in mature endothelial cells and disappear after heparin addition or TLR2/TLR4 blockade, suggesting both as therapeutic strategies to improve tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Mena
- Experimental Thrombosis Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX), National Academy of Medicine-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Carestia
- Experimental Thrombosis Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX), National Academy of Medicine-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Scotti
- Experimental Medicine and Biology Institute (IByME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Parborell
- Experimental Medicine and Biology Institute (IByME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Schattner
- Experimental Thrombosis Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX), National Academy of Medicine-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Negrotto
- Experimental Thrombosis Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX), National Academy of Medicine-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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17
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Chistiakov DA, Bobryshev YV, Orekhov AN. Neutrophil's weapons in atherosclerosis. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:663-71. [PMID: 26551083 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are important components of immunity associated with inflammatory responses against a broad spectrum of pathogens. These cells could be rapidly activated by proinflammatory stimuli and migrate to the inflamed and infected sites where they release a variety of cytotoxic molecules with antimicrobial activity. Neutrophil antibacterial factors include extracellular proteases, redox enzymes, antimicrobial peptides, and small bioactive molecules. In resting neutrophils, these factors are stored in granules and released upon activation during degranulation. These factors could be also secreted in a neutrophil-derived microparticle-dependent fashion. Neutrophils exhibit a unique property to produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) composed of decondensed chromatin and granular proteins to catch and kill bacteria. Neutrophil-released factors are efficient in inactivation and elimination of pathogens through oxidation-dependent or independent damage of bacterial cells, inactivation and neutralization of virulence factors and other mechanisms. However, in chronic atherosclerosis-associated inflammation, protective function of neutrophils could be impaired and misdirected against own cells. This could lead to deleterious effects and progressive vascular injury. In atherogenesis, a pathogenic role of neutrophils could be especially seen in early stages associated with endothelial dysfunction and induction of vascular inflammation and in late atherosclerosis associated with plaque rupture and atherothrombosis. Assuming a prominent impact of neutrophils in cardiovascular pathology, developing therapeutic strategies targeting neutrophil-specific antigens could have a promising clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Department of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics and Cell Biology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Research Center for Children's Health, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri V Bobryshev
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 121609, Russia.
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 121609, Russia; Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125315, Russia; Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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18
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Hollan I, Dessein PH, Ronda N, Wasko MC, Svenungsson E, Agewall S, Cohen-Tervaert JW, Maki-Petaja K, Grundtvig M, Karpouzas GA, Meroni PL. Prevention of cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2015; 14:952-69. [PMID: 26117596 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been recognized for many years. However, although the characteristics of CVD and its burden resemble those in diabetes, the focus on cardiovascular (CV) prevention in RA has lagged behind, both in the clinical and research settings. Similar to diabetes, the clinical picture of CVD in RA may be atypical, even asymptomatic. Therefore, a proactive screening for subclinical CVD in RA is warranted. Because of the lack of clinical trials, the ideal CVD prevention (CVP) in RA has not yet been defined. In this article, we focus on challenges and controversies in the CVP in RA (such as thresholds for statin therapy), and propose recommendations based on the current evidence. Due to the significant contribution of non-traditional, RA-related CV risk factors, the CV risk calculators developed for the general population underestimate the true risk in RA. Thus, there is an enormous need to develop adequate CV risk stratification tools and to identify the optimal CVP strategies in RA. While awaiting results from randomized controlled trials in RA, clinicians are largely dependent on the use of common sense, and extrapolation of data from studies on other patient populations. The CVP in RA should be based on an individualized evaluation of a broad spectrum of risk factors, and include: 1) reduction of inflammation, preferably with drugs decreasing CV risk, 2) management of factors associated with increased CV risk (e.g., smoking, hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, kidney disease, depression, periodontitis, hypothyroidism, vitamin D deficiency and sleep apnea), and promotion of healthy life style (smoking cessation, healthy diet, adjusted physical activity, stress management, weight control), 3) aspirin and influenza and pneumococcus vaccines according to current guidelines, and 4) limiting use of drugs that increase CV risk. Rheumatologists should take responsibility for the education of health care providers and RA patients regarding CVP in RA. It is immensely important to incorporate CV outcomes in testing of anti-rheumatic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hollan
- Lillehammer Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Norway
| | - P H Dessein
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - N Ronda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Italy
| | - M C Wasko
- Department of Rheumatology, West Penn Hospital Allegheny Health Network, USA
| | - E Svenungsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Agewall
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J W Cohen-Tervaert
- Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - K Maki-Petaja
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M Grundtvig
- Department of Medicine, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - G A Karpouzas
- Division of Rheumatology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, USA; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, USA
| | - P L Meroni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Italy
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19
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Wezel A, Quax PHA, Kuiper J, Bot I. The role of mast cells in atherosclerosis. Hamostaseologie 2014; 35:113-20. [PMID: 25377048 DOI: 10.5482/hamo-14-08-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque is the major underlying cause of adverse cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction or stroke. Therapeutic interventions should therefore be directed towards inhibiting growth of atherosclerotic lesions as well as towards prevention of lesion destabilization. Interestingly, the presence of mast cells has been demonstrated in both murine and human plaques, and multiple interventional murine studies have pointed out a direct role for mast cells in early and late stages of atherosclerosis. Moreover, it has recently been described that activated lesional mast cells correlate with major cardiovascular events in patients suffering from cardiovascular disease. This review focuses on the effect of different mast cell derived mediators in atherogenesis and in late stage plaque destabilization. Also, possible ligands for mast cell activation in the context of atherosclerosis are discussed. Finally, we will elaborate on the predictive value of mast cells, together with therapeutic implications, in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - I Bot
- Ilze Bot, Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands, Tel. +31/(0)71/527 62 13, E-mail:
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