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Yan W, Xia Y, Zhao H, Xu X, Ma X, Tao L. Stem cell-based therapy in cardiac repair after myocardial infarction: Promise, challenges, and future directions. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 188:1-14. [PMID: 38246086 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells represent an attractive resource for cardiac regeneration. However, the survival and function of transplanted stem cells is poor and remains a major challenge for the development of effective therapies. As two main cell types currently under investigation in heart repair, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) indirectly support endogenous regenerative capacities after transplantation, while induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) functionally integrate into the damaged myocardium and directly contribute to the restoration of its pump function. These two cell types are exposed to a common microenvironment with many stressors in ischemic heart tissue. This review summarizes the research progress on the mechanisms and challenges of MSCs and iPSC-CMs in post-MI heart repair, introduces several randomized clinical trials with 3D-mapping-guided cell therapy, and outlines recent findings related to the factors that affect the survival and function of stem cells. We also discuss the future directions for optimization such as biomaterial utilization, cell combinations, and intravenous injection of engineered nucleus-free MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Huishou Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Ling Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Fan X, Yang G, Duru F, Grilli M, Akin I, Zhou X, Saguner AM, Ei-Battrawy I. Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: from Preclinical Models to Genotype-phenotype Correlation and Pathophysiology. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2683-2708. [PMID: 37731079 PMCID: PMC10661732 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a hereditary myocardial disease characterized by the replacement of the ventricular myocardium with fibrous fatty deposits. ACM is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern with variable penetrance and expressivity, which is mainly related to ventricular tachyarrhythmia and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Importantly, significant progress has been made in determining the genetic background of ACM due to the development of new techniques for genetic analysis. The exact molecular pathomechanism of ACM, however, is not completely clear and the genotype-phenotype correlations have not been fully elucidated, which are useful to predict the prognosis and treatment of ACM patients. Different gene-targeted and transgenic animal models, human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) models, and heterologous expression systems have been developed. Here, this review aims to summarize preclinical ACM models and platforms promoting our understanding of the pathogenesis of ACM and assess their value in elucidating the ACM genotype-phenotype relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology, and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/ Mannheim, and Centre for Cardiovascular Acute Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology, and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Research Unit of Molecular Imaging Probes, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Firat Duru
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Grilli
- Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology, and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/ Mannheim, and Centre for Cardiovascular Acute Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology, and Medical Intensive Care, Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/ Mannheim, and Centre for Cardiovascular Acute Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany.
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Ardan Muammer Saguner
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ibrahim Ei-Battrawy
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/ Mannheim, and Centre for Cardiovascular Acute Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, Germany.
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany; Institute of Physiology, Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology and Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr- University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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Segovia F, Garcia H, Alkhateeb H, Mukherjee D, Nickel N. Updates in the Pharmacotherapy of Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:215-225. [PMID: 37921162 DOI: 10.2174/011871529x258234230921112507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with left heart disease (LHD) is a complex cardiopulmonary condition where a variable degree of pulmonary congestion, arterial vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling can lead to PH and right heart strain. Right heart dysfunction has a significant prognostic impact on these patients. Therefore, preserving right ventricular (RV) function is an important treatment goal. However, the treatment of PH in patients with left heart disease has produced conflicting evidence. The transition from pure LHD to LHD with PH is a continuum and clinically challenging. The heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patient population is heterogeneous when it comes to PH and RV function. Appropriate clinical and hemodynamic phenotyping of patients with HFpEF and concomitant PH is paramount to making the appropriate treatment decision. This manuscript will summarize the current evidence for the use of pulmonary arterial vasodilators in patients with HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Segovia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Hernando Garcia
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Haider Alkhateeb
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Debabrata Mukherjee
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Nils Nickel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
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Nuwaylati D, Eldakhakhny B, Bima A, Sakr H, Elsamanoudy A. Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet: A SWOC Analysis. Metabolites 2022; 12:1126. [PMID: 36422267 PMCID: PMC9695571 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) plays a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. The ketogenic diet (KD) is a low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet that arose in the 1920s as an effective treatment for seizure control. Since then, the KD has been studied as a therapeutic approach for various IR-related disorders with successful results. To date, the use of the KD is still debatable regarding its safety. Some studies have acknowledged its usefulness, while others do not recommend its long-term implementation. In this review, we applied a SWOC (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Challenges) analysis that revealed the positive, constructive strengths of the KD, its potential complications, different conditions that can make used for it, and the challenges faced by both physicians and subjects throughout a KD. This SWOC analysis showed that the KD works on the pathophysiological mechanism of IR-related disorders such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial stress. Furthermore, the implementation of the KD as a potential adjuvant therapy for many diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome, and pain management was proven. On the other hand, the short and long-term possible undesirable KD-related effects, including nutritional deficiencies, growth retardation and nephrolithiasis, should be considered and strictly monitored. Conclusively, this review provides a context for decision-makers, physicians, researchers, and the general population to focus on this dietary intervention in preventing and treating diseases. Moreover, it draws the attention of scientists and physicians towards the opportunities and challenges associated with the KD that requires attention before KD initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Nuwaylati
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah Eldakhakhny
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhadi Bima
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein Sakr
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ayman Elsamanoudy
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Xia Y, Xu X, Guo Y, Lin C, Xu X, Zhang F, Fan M, Qi T, Li C, Hu G, Peng L, Wang S, Zhang L, Hai C, Liu R, Yan W, Tao L. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Overexpressing Farnesoid X Receptor Exert Cardioprotective Effects Against Acute Ischemic Heart Injury by Binding Endogenous Bile Acids. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200431. [PMID: 35780502 PMCID: PMC9404394 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bile acid metabolites have been increasingly recognized as pleiotropic signaling molecules that regulate cardiovascular functions, but their role in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC)-based therapy has never been investigated. It is found that overexpression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a main receptor for bile acids, improves the retention and cardioprotection of adipose tissue-derived MSC (ADSC) administered by intramyocardial injection in mice with myocardial infarction (MI), which shows enhanced antiapoptotic, proangiogenic, and antifibrotic effects. RNA sequencing, LC-MS/MS, and loss-of-function studies reveal that FXR overexpression promotes ADSC paracrine angiogenesis via Angptl4. FXR overexpression improves ADSC survival in vivo but fails in vitro. By performing bile acid-targeted metabolomics using ischemic heart tissue, 19 bile acids are identified. Among them, cholic acid and deoxycholic acid significantly increase Angptl4 secretion from ADSC overexpressing FXR and further improve their proangiogenic capability. Moreover, ADSC overexpressing FXR shows significantly lower apoptosis by upregulating Nqo-1 expression only in the presence of FXR ligands. Retinoid X receptor α is identified as a coactivator of FXR. It is first demonstrated that there is a bile acid pool in the myocardial microenvironment. Targeting the bile acid-FXR axis may be a novel strategy for improving the curative effect of MSC-based therapy for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Xia
- CardiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Xinyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced ManufactureDepartment of PeriodontologySchool of StomatologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Yongzhen Guo
- CardiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Chen Lin
- CardiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
- CardiologyGeneral Hospital of Eastern Theater Command of Chinese PLANanjing210002China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- CardiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Fuyang Zhang
- CardiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Miaomiao Fan
- CardiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Tingting Qi
- CardiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Congye Li
- CardiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Guangyu Hu
- CardiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Lu Peng
- CardiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Shan Wang
- CardiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Ling Zhang
- CardiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Chunxu Hai
- Department of ToxicologyShanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and MedicineMinistry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational EnvironmentSchool of Public HealthFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032P. R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of ToxicologyShanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and MedicineMinistry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational EnvironmentSchool of Public HealthFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Yan
- CardiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Ling Tao
- CardiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
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Rasouli M, Vakilian F, Ranjbari J. Therapeutic and protective potential of mesenchymal stem cells, pharmaceutical agents and current vaccines against covid-19. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 17:166-185. [PMID: 34530719 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666201221151853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been almost 18 months since the first outbreak of COVID-19 disease was reported in Wuhan, China. This unexpected devastating phenomenon, raised a great deal of concerns and anxiety among people around the world and imposed a huge economic burden on the nations' health care systems. Accordingly, clinical scientists, pharmacologists and physicians worldwide felt an urgent demand for a safe, effective therapeutic agent, treatment strategy or vaccine in order to prevent or cure the recently-emerged disease. Initially, due to lack of specific pharmacological agents and approved vaccines to combat the COVID-19, the disease control in the confirmed cases was limited to supportive care. Accordingly, repositioning or repurposing current drugs and examining their possible therapeutic efficacy received a great deal of attention. Despite revealing promising results in some clinical trials, the overall results are conflicting. For this reason, there is an urgent to seek and investigate other potential therapeutics. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) representing immunomodulatory and regenerative capacity to treat both curable and intractable diseases, have been investigated in COVID-19 clinical trials carried out in different parts of the world. Nevertheless, up to now, none of MSC-based approaches has been approved in controlling COVID-19 infection. Thanks to the fact that the final solution for defeating the pandemic is developing a safe, effective vaccine, enormous efforts and clinical research have been carried out. In this review, we will concisely discuss the safety and efficacy of the most relevant pharmacological agents, MSC-based approaches and candidate vaccines for treating and preventing COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rasouli
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | | | - Javad Ranjbari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
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Tang Y, Li J, Wang W, Chen B, Chen J, Shen Z, Hou J, Mei Y, Liu S, Zhang L, Li Z, Lu S. Platelet extracellular vesicles enhance the proangiogenic potential of adipose-derived stem cells in vivo and in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:497. [PMID: 34503551 PMCID: PMC8427862 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02561-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC)-based therapy is an outstanding treatment strategy for ischaemic disease. However, the therapeutic efficacy of this strategy is not ideal due to the poor paracrine function and low survival rate of ADSCs in target regions. Platelet extracellular vesicles (PEVs) are nanoparticles derived from activated platelets that can participate in communication between cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that PEVs can regulate the biological functions of several cell lines. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether PEVs can modulate the proangiogenic potential of ADSCs in vitro and in vivo. METHODS PEVs were identified using scanning electron microscope (SEM), flow cytometry (FCM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The CCK8 assay was performed to detect proliferation of cells. Transwell and wound healing assays were performed to verify migration capacity of cells. AnnexinV-FITC/PI apoptosis kit and live/dead assay were performed to assess ADSCs apoptosis under Cocl2-induced hypoxia condition. The underlying mechanisms by which PEVs affected ADSCs were explored using real time-PCR(RT-PCR) and Western blot. In addition, matrigel plug assays were conducted and mouse hindlimb ischaemic models were established to investigate the proangiogenic potential of PEV-treated ADSCs in vivo. RESULTS We demonstrated that ADSC could internalize PEVs, which lead to a series of biological reactions. In vitro, dose-dependent effects of PEVs on ADSC proliferation, migration and antiapoptotic capacity were observed. Western blotting results suggested that multiple proteins such as ERK, AKT, FAK, Src and PLCγ1 kinase may contribute to these changes. Furthermore, PEVs induced upregulation of several growth factors expression in ADSCs and amplified the proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVECs induced by ADSC conditioned medium (CM). In in vivo experiments, compared with control ADSCs, the injection of PEV-treated ADSCs resulted in more vascularization in matrigel plugs, attenuated tissue degeneration and increased blood flow and capillary density in ischaemic hindlimb tissues. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that PEVs could enhance the proangiogenic potential of ADSCs in mouse hindlimb ischaemia. The major mechanisms of this effect included the promotion of ADSC proliferation, migration, anti-apoptosis ability and paracrine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Tang
- Vascular Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayan Li
- Vascular Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- Vascular Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bingyi Chen
- Vascular Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinxing Chen
- Vascular Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zekun Shen
- Vascular Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaxuan Hou
- Vascular Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yifan Mei
- Vascular Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Vascular Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Vascular Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- Nankai University School of Medicine, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Shaoying Lu
- Vascular Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Proteomic Analysis of Estrogen-Mediated Enhancement of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Induced Angiogenesis In Vivo. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092181. [PMID: 34571830 PMCID: PMC8468955 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for tissue repair has great potential. MSCs from multiple sources, including those derived from human umbilical matrix, namely Wharton’s jelly, may serve as a resource for obtaining MSCs. However, low in vivo engraftment efficacy of MSCs remains a challenging limitation. To improve clinical outcomes using MSCs, an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms and factors involved in successful engraftment is required. We recently demonstrated that 17β-estradiol (E2) improves MSCs in vitro proliferation, directed migration and engraftment in murine heart slices. Here, using a proteomics approach, we investigated the angiogenic potential of MSCs in vivo and the modulatory actions of E2 on mechanisms involved in tissue repair. Specifically, using a Matrigel® plug assay, we evaluated the effects of E2 on MSCs-induced angiogenesis in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Moreover, using proteomics we investigated the potential pro-repair processes, pathways, and co-mechanisms possibly modified by the treatment of MSCs with E2. Using RT-qPCR, we evaluated mRNA expression of pro-angiogenic molecules, including endoglin, Tie-2, ANG, and VEGF. Hemoglobin levels, a marker for blood vessel formation, were increased in plugs treated with E2 + MSCs, suggesting increased capillary formation. This conclusion was confirmed by the histological analysis of capillary numbers in the Matrigel® plugs treated with E2 + MSC. The LC-MS screening of proteins obtained from the excised Matrigel® plugs revealed 71 proteins that were significantly altered following E2 exposure, 57 up-regulated proteins and 14 down-regulated proteins. A major result was the association of over 100 microRNA molecules (miRNAs) involved in cellular communication, vesicle transport, and metabolic and energy processes, and the high percentage of approximately 25% of genes involved in unknown biological processes. Together, these data provide evidence for increased angiogenesis by MSCs treated with the sex hormone E2. In conclusion, E2 treatment may increase the engraftment and repair potential of MSCs into tissue, and may promote MSC-induced angiogenesis after tissue injury.
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9
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Cardiomyopathies: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147722. [PMID: 34299342 PMCID: PMC8303989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of pathologies characterized by structural and functional alterations of the heart. Aims: The purpose of this narrative review is to focus on the most important cardiomyopathies and their epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. Methods: Clinical trials were identified by Pubmed until 30 March 2021. The search keywords were “cardiomyopathies, sudden cardiac arrest, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), restrictive cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ARCV), takotsubo syndrome”. Results: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common primary cardiomyopathy, with a prevalence of 1:500 persons. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has a prevalence of 1:2500 and is the leading indication for heart transplantation. Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is the least common of the major cardiomyopathies, representing 2% to 5% of cases. Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ARCV) is a pathology characterized by the substitution of the myocardium by fibrofatty tissue. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is defined as an abrupt onset of left ventricular dysfunction in response to severe emotional or physiologic stress. Conclusion: In particular, it has been reported that HCM is the most important cause of sudden death on the athletic field in the United States. It is needless to say how important it is to know which changes in the heart due to physical activity are normal, and when they are pathological.
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Li H, Hu D, Chen G, Zheng D, Li S, Lin Y, Hong H, Luo Y, Ke Y, Huang Y, Wu L, Lan T, Wang W, Fang J. Adropin-based dual treatment enhances the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in rat myocardial infarction. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:505. [PMID: 34006853 PMCID: PMC8131743 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Both weak survival ability of stem cells and hostile microenvironment are dual dilemma for cell therapy. Adropin, a bioactive substance, has been demonstrated to be cytoprotective. We therefore hypothesized that adropin may produce dual protective effects on the therapeutic potential of stem cells in myocardial infarction by employing an adropin-based dual treatment of promoting stem cell survival in vitro and modifying microenvironment in vivo. In the current study, adropin (25 ng/ml) in vitro reduced hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and improved MSCs survival with increased phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) l/2. Adropin-induced cytoprotection was blocked by the inhibitors of Akt and ERK1/2. The left main coronary artery of rats was ligated for 3 or 28 days to induce myocardial infarction. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled MSCs, which were in vitro pretreated with adropin, were in vivo intramyocardially injected after ischemia, following an intravenous injection of 0.2 mg/kg adropin (dual treatment). Compared with MSCs transplantation alone, the dual treatment with adropin reported a higher level of interleukin-10, a lower level of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in plasma at day 3, and higher left ventricular ejection fraction and expression of paracrine factors at day 28, with less myocardial fibrosis and higher capillary density, and produced more surviving BrdU-positive cells at day 3 and 28. In conclusion, our data evidence that adropin-based dual treatment may enhance the therapeutic potential of MSCs to repair myocardium through paracrine mechanism via the pro-survival pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- HuiYa Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, PR China.,YinZhou People's Hospital & Affiliated Hospital, Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - DanQing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Guilin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - DeDong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, PR China.,Department of Emergency, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - ShuMei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - YunLing Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - HuaShan Hong
- Department of Geriatrics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Yukun Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - YiLang Ke
- Department of Geriatrics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - LingZhen Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - TingXiang Lan
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - WenYing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, PR China.
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11
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Yan M, Sun S, Xu K, Huang X, Dou L, Pang J, Tang W, Shen T, Li J. Cardiac Aging: From Basic Research to Therapeutics. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9570325. [PMID: 33777324 PMCID: PMC7969106 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9570325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
With research progress on longevity, we have gradually recognized that cardiac aging causes changes in heart structure and function, including progressive myocardial remodeling, left ventricular hypertrophy, and decreases in systolic and diastolic function. Elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of cardiac aging is a great challenge for biologists and physicians worldwide. In this review, we discuss several key molecular mechanisms of cardiac aging and possible prevention and treatment methods developed in recent years. Insights into the process and mechanism of cardiac aging are necessary to protect against age-related diseases, extend lifespan, and reduce the increasing burden of cardiovascular disease in elderly individuals. We believe that research on cardiac aging is entering a new era of unique significance for the progress of clinical medicine and social welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shenghui Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Kun Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiuqing Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lin Dou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jing Pang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Weiqing Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tao Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100730, China
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12
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"Empowering" Cardiac Cells via Stem Cell Derived Mitochondrial Transplantation- Does Age Matter? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041824. [PMID: 33673127 PMCID: PMC7918132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With cardiovascular diseases affecting millions of patients, new treatment strategies are urgently needed. The use of stem cell based approaches has been investigated during the last decades and promising effects have been achieved. However, the beneficial effect of stem cells has been found to being partly due to paracrine functions by alterations of their microenvironment and so an interesting field of research, the “stem- less” approaches has emerged over the last years using or altering the microenvironment, for example, via deletion of senescent cells, application of micro RNAs or by modifying the cellular energy metabolism via targeting mitochondria. Using autologous muscle-derived mitochondria for transplantations into the affected tissues has resulted in promising reports of improvements of cardiac functions in vitro and in vivo. However, since the targeted treatment group represents mainly elderly or otherwise sick patients, it is unclear whether and to what extent autologous mitochondria would exert their beneficial effects in these cases. Stem cells might represent better sources for mitochondria and could enhance the effect of mitochondrial transplantations. Therefore in this review we aim to provide an overview on aging effects of stem cells and mitochondria which might be important for mitochondrial transplantation and to give an overview on the current state in this field together with considerations worthwhile for further investigations.
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13
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Yu K, Zeng Z, Cheng S, Hu W, Gao C, Liu F, Chen J, Qian Y, Xu D, Zhao J, Liu X, Wang J. TPP1 Enhances the Therapeutic Effects of Transplanted Aged Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Infarcted Hearts via the MRE11/AKT Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:588023. [PMID: 33195247 PMCID: PMC7658181 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.588023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poor cell survival after transplantation restricts the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation into infarcted hearts, particularly in older individuals. TPP1, a component of the shelterin complex that is involved in telomere protection, is highly expressed in young MSCs but declines in aged ones. Here, we explore whether TPP1 overexpression in aged mouse MSCs improves cell viability in vivo and in vitro. Methods Aged mouse MSCs overexpressing TPP1 were injected into the peri-infarct area of the mouse heart after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. In parallel, to evaluate cellular-level effects, H2O2 was applied to MSCs in vitro to mimic the microenvironment of myocardial injury. Results In vivo, the transplantation of aged MSCs overexpressing TPP1 resulted in improved cell survival, enhanced cardiac function, and reduced fibrosis compared to unmodified aged MSCs. In vitro, TPP1 overexpression protected aged MSCs from H2O2-induced apoptosis and enhanced DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. In addition, the phosphorylation of AKT and the key DSB repair protein MRE11 were both significantly upregulated in aged MSCs that overexpressed TPP1. Conclusions Our results reveal that TPP1 can enhance DNA repair through the AKT/MRE11 pathway, thereby improving the therapeutic effects of aged MSC transplantation and offering significant potential for the clinical application of autologous transplantation in aged patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiru Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Si Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wangxing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dilin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianbao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian'an Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Rogers ZJ, Zeevi MP, Koppes R, Bencherif SA. Electroconductive Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Bioelectricity 2020; 2:279-292. [PMID: 34476358 PMCID: PMC8370338 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2020.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, electroconductive hydrogels, integrating both the biomimetic attributes of hydrogels and the electrochemical properties of conductive materials, have gained significant attention. Hydrogels, three-dimensional and swollen hydrophilic polymer networks, are an important class of tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds owing to their microstructural and mechanical properties, ability to mimic the native extracellular matrix, and promote tissue repair. However, hydrogels are intrinsically insulating and therefore unable to emulate the complex electrophysiological microenvironment of cardiac and neural tissues. To overcome this challenge, electroconductive materials, including carbon-based materials, nanoparticles, and polymers, have been incorporated within nonconductive hydrogels to replicate the electrical and biological characteristics of biological tissues. This review gives a brief introduction on the rational design of electroconductive hydrogels and their current applications in TE, especially for neural and cardiac regeneration. The recent progress and development trends of electroconductive hydrogels, their challenges, and clinical translatability, as well as their future perspectives, with a focus on advanced manufacturing technologies, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Rogers
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael P. Zeevi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan Koppes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sidi A. Bencherif
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering (BMBI), UTC CNRS UMR 7338, University of Technology of Compiègne, Compiègne, France
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15
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Lu GM, Rong YX, Liang ZJ, Hunag DL, Wu FX, Ma YF, Luo ZZ, Liu XH, Mo S, Li HM. FGF2-induced PI3K/Akt signaling evokes greater proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells from breast than from abdomen or thigh. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:14830-14848. [PMID: 32706337 PMCID: PMC7425436 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, human adipose stem cells were isolated from subcutaneous fat in the thigh (htASCs), abdomen (haASCs) and breast (hbASCs). Flow cytometry was used to detect cell surface markers, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect paracrine activity. Paracrine gene expression in the three cell types was examined using real-time qPCR, and adipogenic ability was assessed using Oil Red O staining. RNA from third-passage haASCs and hbASCs was sequenced. The results showed that the differentiation potential marker markers CD49d and CD54 were similar across hbASCs from 10 subjects. The hbASCs showed higher colony forming ability and expression of fibroblast growth factor-2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and stromal cell derived factor-1 than htASCs and haASCs. Stimulating hbASCs with FGF2 promoted adipogenic differentiation, while treating the cells with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 inhibited differentiation. These results suggest that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway can promote proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells, and that activation of this pathway by FGF2 may explain why hbASCs show greater proliferation and adipogenic differentiation than haASCs and htASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Ming Lu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi 533000, China
| | - Yong-Xian Rong
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Guiping People's Hospital, Guigping 537200, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Liang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning 530022, Guangxi, China
| | - Dong-Lin Hunag
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning 530022, Guangxi, China
| | - Fang-Xiao Wu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning 530022, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan-Fei Ma
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi 533000, China
| | - Zhi-Zhai Luo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi 533000, China
| | - Xin-Heng Liu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Guiping People's Hospital, Guigping 537200, Guangxi, China
| | - Steven Mo
- Nanning Life-Ontology Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanning 530229, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong-Mian Li
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning 530022, Guangxi, China
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16
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Yang W, Zhang S, Ou T, Jiang H, Jia D, Qi Z, Zou Y, Qian J, Sun A, Ge J. Interleukin-11 regulates the fate of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells via STAT3 signalling pathways. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12771. [PMID: 32270546 PMCID: PMC7260062 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) offer great promise as cell therapy for ischaemic diseases. Due to their poor survival in the ischaemic environment, the therapeutic efficacy of ADSCs is still relatively low. Interleukin‐11 (IL‐11) has been shown to play a key role in promoting cell proliferation and protecting cells from oxidative stress injury. The aim of this study was to determine whether IL‐11 could improve therapeutic efficacy of ADSCs in ischaemic diseases. Methods and Results ADSCs were prepared from inguinal subcutaneous adipose tissue and exposed to hypoxic environment. The protein expression of IL‐11 was decreased after hypoxic treatment. In addition, ADSCs viability was increased after IL‐11 treatment under hypoxia. Moreover, IL‐11 enhanced ADSCs viability in a dose‐dependent manner under normoxia. Importantly, IL‐11 promoted ADSCs proliferation and migration and protected ADSCs against hydrogen peroxide‐induced cellular death. Notably, IL‐11 enhanced ADSCs proliferation and migration, also promoted cell survival and apoptosis resistance by STAT3 signalling. In vivo, mice were subjected to limb ischaemia and treated with IL‐11 overexpression ADSCs and control ADSCs. IL‐11 overexpression ADSCs improved perfusion recovery in the ischaemic muscles. Conclusions We provide the evidence that IL‐11 promoted ADSCs proliferation, stimulated ADSCs migration and attenuated ADSCs apoptosis by activation of STAT3 signalling. These results suggest that IL‐11 facilitated ADSCs engraftment in ischaemic tissue, thereby enhanced ADSCs therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantong Ou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daile Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juying Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Yan W, Lin C, Guo Y, Chen Y, Du Y, Lau WB, Xia Y, Zhang F, Su R, Gao E, Wang Y, Li C, Liu R, Ma XL, Tao L. N-Cadherin Overexpression Mobilizes the Protective Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Against Ischemic Heart Injury Through a β-Catenin-Dependent Manner. Circ Res 2020; 126:857-874. [PMID: 32079489 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapy is promising against ischemic heart failure. However, its efficacy is limited due to low cell retention and poor paracrine function. A transmembrane protein capable of enhancing cell-cell adhesion, N-cadherin garnered attention in the field of stem cell biology only recently. OBJECTIVE The current study investigates whether and how N-cadherin may regulate mesenchymal stromal cells retention and cardioprotective capability against ischemic heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult mice-derived adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSC) were transfected with adenovirus harboring N-cadherin, T-cadherin, or control adenovirus. CM-DiI-labeled ADSC were intramyocardially injected into the infarct border zone at 3 sites immediately after myocardial infarction (MI) or myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. ADSC retention/survival, cardiomyocyte apoptosis/proliferation, capillary density, cardiac fibrosis, and cardiac function were determined. Discovery-driven/cause-effect analysis was used to determine the molecular mechanisms. Compared with ADSC transfected with adenovirus-control, N-cadherin overexpression (but not T-cadherin) markedly increased engrafted ADSC survival/retention up to 7 days post-MI. Histological analysis revealed that ADSC transfected with adenovirus-N-cadherin significantly preserved capillary density and increased cardiomyocyte proliferation and moderately reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis 3 days post-MI. More importantly, ADSC transfected with adenovirus-N-cadherin (but not ADSC transfected with adenovirus-T-cadherin) significantly increased left ventricular ejection fraction and reduced fibrosis in both MI and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion mice. In vitro experiments demonstrated that N-cadherin overexpression promoted ADSC-cardiomyocyte adhesion and ADSC migration, enhancing their capability to increase angiogenesis and cardiomyocyte proliferation. MMP (matrix metallopeptidases)-10/13 and HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) upregulation is responsible for N-cadherin's effect upon ADSC migration and paracrine angiogenesis. N-cadherin overexpression promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation by HGF release. Mechanistically, N-cadherin overexpression significantly increased N-cadherin/β-catenin complex formation and active β-catenin levels in the nucleus. β-catenin knockdown abolished N-cadherin overexpression-induced MMP-10, MMP-13, and HGF expression and blocked the cellular actions and cardioprotective effects of ADSC overexpressing N-cadherin. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that N-cadherin overexpression enhances mesenchymal stromal cells-protective effects against ischemic heart failure via β-catenin-mediated MMP-10/MMP-13/HGF expression and production, promoting ADSC/cardiomyocyte adhesion and ADSC retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yan
- From the Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital (W.Y., C. Lin, Y.G., Y.C., Y.X., F.Z., R.S., C. Li, L.T.), Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Chen Lin
- From the Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital (W.Y., C. Lin, Y.G., Y.C., Y.X., F.Z., R.S., C. Li, L.T.), Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Yongzhen Guo
- From the Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital (W.Y., C. Lin, Y.G., Y.C., Y.X., F.Z., R.S., C. Li, L.T.), Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Youhu Chen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital (W.Y., C. Lin, Y.G., Y.C., Y.X., F.Z., R.S., C. Li, L.T.), Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Yunhui Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, China (Y.D.)
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Medicine and Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (W.B.L., Y.W., X.M.)
| | - Yunlong Xia
- From the Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital (W.Y., C. Lin, Y.G., Y.C., Y.X., F.Z., R.S., C. Li, L.T.), Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Fuyang Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital (W.Y., C. Lin, Y.G., Y.C., Y.X., F.Z., R.S., C. Li, L.T.), Fourth Military Medical University, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine (F.Z.), Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Renzhi Su
- From the Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital (W.Y., C. Lin, Y.G., Y.C., Y.X., F.Z., R.S., C. Li, L.T.), Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (E.G.)
| | - Yajing Wang
- Medicine and Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (W.B.L., Y.W., X.M.)
| | - Congye Li
- From the Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital (W.Y., C. Lin, Y.G., Y.C., Y.X., F.Z., R.S., C. Li, L.T.), Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health (R.L.), Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Xin-Liang Ma
- Medicine and Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (W.B.L., Y.W., X.M.)
| | - Ling Tao
- From the Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital (W.Y., C. Lin, Y.G., Y.C., Y.X., F.Z., R.S., C. Li, L.T.), Fourth Military Medical University, China
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18
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Broughton KM, Sussman MA. Cardiac tissue engineering therapeutic products to enhance myocardial contractility. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 41:363-373. [PMID: 31863324 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Researchers continue to develop therapeutic products for the repair and replacement of myocardial tissue that demonstrates contractility equivalent to normal physiologic states. As clinical trials focused on pure adult stem cell populations undergo meta-analysis for preclinical through clinical design, the field of tissue engineering is emerging as a new clinical frontier to repair the myocardium and improve cardiac output. This review will first discuss the three primary tissue engineering product themes that are advancing in preclinical to clinical models: (1) cell-free scaffolds, (2) scaffold-free cellular, and (3) hybrid cell and scaffold products. The review will then focus on the products that have advanced from preclinical models to clinical trials. In advancing the cardiac regenerative medicine field, long-term gains towards discovering an optimal product to generate functional myocardial tissue and eliminate heart failure may be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Broughton
- Department of Biology and Heart Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- Department of Biology and Heart Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
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19
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Abstract
The investment of nearly 2 decades of clinical investigation into cardiac cell therapy has yet to change cardiovascular practice. Recent insights into the mechanism of cardiac regeneration help explain these results and provide important context in which we can develop next-generation therapies. Non-contractile cells such as bone marrow or adult heart derivatives neither engraft long-term nor induce new muscle formation. Correspondingly, these cells offer little functional benefit to infarct patients. In contrast, preclinical data indicate that transplantation of bona fide cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells induces direct remuscularization. This new myocardium beats synchronously with the host heart and induces substantial contractile benefits in macaque monkeys, suggesting that regeneration of contractile myocardium is required to fully recover function. Through a review of the preclinical and clinical trials of cardiac cell therapy, distinguishing the primary mechanism of benefit as either contractile or non-contractile helps appreciate the barriers to cardiac repair and establishes a rational path to optimizing therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Nakamura
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington
| | - Charles E Murry
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington
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20
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Zhao ZA, Han X, Lei W, Li J, Yang Z, Wu J, Yao M, Lu XA, He L, Chen Y, Zhou B, Hu S. Lack of Cardiac Improvement After Cardiosphere-Derived Cell Transplantation in Aging Mouse Hearts. Circ Res 2019; 123:e21-e31. [PMID: 30359191 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Aging is one of the most significant risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, and the incidence of myocardial ischemia increases dramatically with age. Some studies have reported that cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) could benefit the injured heart. Nevertheless, the convincing evidence on CDC-induced improvement of aging heart is still limited. OBJECTIVE In this study, we tested whether the CDCs isolated from neonatal mice could benefit cardiac function in aging mice. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated cardiac function of PBS- (n=15) and CDC-injected (n=19) aging mice. Echocardiography indicated that left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (57.46%±3.57% versus 57.86%±2.44%) and LV fraction shortening (30.67%±2.41% versus 30.51%±1.78%) showed similar values in PBS- and CDC-injected mice. The diastolic wall thickness of LV was significantly increased after CDC injection, resulting in reduced diastolic LV volume. The pulse-wave Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging indicated that aging mice receiving PBS or CDC injection presented similar values of the peak early transmitral flow velocity, the peak late transmitral flow velocity, the ratio of the peak early transmitral flow velocity to the peak late transmitral flow velocity, and the ratio of the peak early transmitral flow velocity to the peak early diastolic mitral annular velocity, respectively. Pressure-volume loop experiment indicated that the LV end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship and end-systolic pressure-volume relationship were comparable in both PBS- and CDC-injected mice. Postmortem analysis of aging mouse hearts showed similar fibrotic degree in the 2 groups. In addition, the aging markers showed comparable expression levels in both PBS- and CDC-injected mice. The systemic aging performance measures, including exercise capacity, hair regrowth capacity, and inflammation, showed no significant improvement in CDC-injected mice. Finally, the telomere length was comparable between PBS- and CDC-injected mice. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results indicate that CDCs do not improve heart function and systemic performances in aging mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ao Zhao
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Z.Y., J.W., X.-A.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinglong Han
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Z.Y., J.W., X.-A.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Lei
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Z.Y., J.W., X.-A.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Z.Y., J.W., X.-A.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Yang
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Z.Y., J.W., X.-A.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Z.Y., J.W., X.-A.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengchao Yao
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, China (M.Y.)
| | - Xing-Ai Lu
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Z.Y., J.W., X.-A.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingjuan He
- the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.H., B.Z.)
| | - Yihuan Chen
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Z.Y., J.W., X.-A.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.H., B.Z.)
| | - Shijun Hu
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Z.Y., J.W., X.-A.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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21
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Gude NA, Sussman MA. Cardiac regenerative therapy: Many paths to repair. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2019; 30:338-343. [PMID: 31515053 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the primary cause of death in the United States and in most nations worldwide, despite ongoing intensive efforts to promote cardiac health and treat heart failure. Replacing damaged myocardium represents perhaps the most promising treatment strategy, but also the most challenging given that the adult mammalian heart is notoriously resistant to endogenous repair. Cardiac regeneration following pathologic challenge would require proliferation of surviving tissue, expansion and differentiation of resident progenitors, or transdifferentiation of exogenously applied progenitor cells into functioning myocardium. Adult cardiomyocyte proliferation has been the focus of investigation for decades, recently enjoying a renaissance of interest as a therapeutic strategy for reversing cardiomyocyte loss due in large part to ongoing controversies and frustrations with myocardial cell therapy outcomes. The promise of cardiac cell therapy originated with reports of resident adult cardiac stem cells that could be isolated, expanded and reintroduced into damaged myocardium, producing beneficial effects in preclinical animal models. Despite modest functional improvements, Phase I clinical trials using autologous cardiac derived cells have proven safe and effective, setting the stage for an ongoing multi-center Phase II trial combining autologous cardiac stem cell types to enhance beneficial effects. This overview will examine the history of these two approaches for promoting cardiac repair and attempt to provide context for current and future directions in cardiac regenerative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Gude
- SDSU Heart Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- SDSU Heart Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
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22
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Janssens SP. Mesenchymal Cell Therapy for Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Time to Test the Water. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 69:538-540. [PMID: 28153109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan P Janssens
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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23
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Lampert MA, Orogo AM, Najor RH, Hammerling BC, Leon LJ, Wang BJ, Kim T, Sussman MA, Gustafsson ÅB. BNIP3L/NIX and FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy is required for mitochondrial network remodeling during cardiac progenitor cell differentiation. Autophagy 2019; 15:1182-1198. [PMID: 30741592 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1580095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies represent a very promising strategy to repair and regenerate the injured heart to prevent progression to heart failure. To date, these therapies have had limited success due to a lack of survival and retention of the infused cells. Therefore, it is important to increase our understanding of the biology of these cells and utilize this information to enhance their survival and function in the injured heart. Mitochondria are critical for progenitor cell function and survival. Here, we demonstrate the importance of mitochondrial autophagy, or mitophagy, in the differentiation process in adult cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). We found that mitophagy was rapidly induced upon initiation of differentiation in CPCs. We also found that mitophagy was mediated by mitophagy receptors, rather than the PINK1-PRKN/PARKIN pathway. Mitophagy mediated by BNIP3L/NIX and FUNDC1 was not involved in regulating progenitor cell fate determination, mitochondrial biogenesis, or reprogramming. Instead, mitophagy facilitated the CPCs to undergo proper mitochondrial network reorganization during differentiation. Abrogating BNIP3L- and FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy during differentiation led to sustained mitochondrial fission and formation of donut-shaped impaired mitochondria. It also resulted in increased susceptibility to cell death and failure to survive the infarcted heart. Finally, aging is associated with accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage in cells and we found that acquiring mtDNA mutations selectively disrupted the differentiation-activated mitophagy program in CPCs. These findings demonstrate the importance of BNIP3L- and FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy as a critical regulator of mitochondrial network formation during differentiation, as well as the consequences of accumulating mtDNA mutations. Abbreviations: Baf: bafilomycin A1; BCL2L13: BCL2 like 13; BNIP3: BCL2 interacting protein 3; BNIP3L: BCL2 interacting protein 3 like; CPCs: cardiac progenitor cells; DM: differentiation media; DNM1L: dynamin 1 like; EPCs: endothelial progenitor cells; FCCP: carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone; FUNDC1: FUN14 domain containing 1; HSCs: hematopoietic stem cells; MAP1LC3B/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MFN1/2: mitofusin 1/2; MSCs: mesenchymal stem cells; mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA; OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation; PPARGC1A: PPARG coactivator 1 alpha; PHB2: prohibitin 2; POLG: DNA polymerase gamma, catalytic subunit; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TMRM: tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Lampert
- a Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Amabel M Orogo
- a Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Rita H Najor
- a Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Babette C Hammerling
- a Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Leonardo J Leon
- a Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Bingyan J Wang
- b San Diego Heart Research Institute and the Department of Biology , San Diego State University , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Taeyong Kim
- b San Diego Heart Research Institute and the Department of Biology , San Diego State University , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- b San Diego Heart Research Institute and the Department of Biology , San Diego State University , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Åsa B Gustafsson
- a Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
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24
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Shen H, Cui G, Li Y, Ye W, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Li J, Xu G, Zeng X, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Huang Z, Chen W, Shen Z. Follistatin-like 1 protects mesenchymal stem cells from hypoxic damage and enhances their therapeutic efficacy in a mouse myocardial infarction model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:17. [PMID: 30635025 PMCID: PMC6330478 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1111-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell therapy remains the most promising approach against ischemic heart injury. However, poor survival of engrafted cells in ischemic sites diminishes its therapeutic efficacy. Follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1) is documented as a novel pro-survival cardiokine for cardiomyocytes, and it is protective during ischemic heart injury. In the present study, we characterize the potential of Fstl1 as an effective strategy to enhance hypoxia resistance of donor cells and optimize stem cell-based therapy. METHODS Murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were expanded in monolayer culture and characterized by flow cytometry. MSCs were subjected to hypoxia to mimic cardiac ischemic environment. Expression of Fstl1 was monitored 0, 24, and 48 h following hypoxia. Constitutive expression of Fstl1 in MSCs was achieved by lentivirus-mediated Fstl1 overexpression. Genetically modified MSCs were further collected for cell death and proliferation assay following 48 h of hypoxic treatment. Acute myocardial infarction (MI) model was created by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery, while control MSCs (MSCs-mCherry) or Fstl1-overexpressing MSCs (MSCs-Fstl1) were injected into the peri-infarct zone simultaneously. Subsequently, retention of the donor cells was evaluated on post-therapy 1, 3, & 7 days. Finally, myocardial function, infarct size, inflammation, and neovascularization of the infarcted hearts were calculated thereafter. RESULTS Expression of Fstl1 in hypoxic MSCs declines dramatically in a time-dependent manner. In vitro study further demonstrated that Fstl1 promotes survival and proliferation of hypoxic MSCs. Moreover, Fstl1 significantly prolongs MSC survival/retention after implantation. Finally, transplantation with Fstl1-overexpressing MSCs significantly improves post-MI cardiac function by limiting scar formation, reducing inflammatory response, and enhancing neovascularization. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest Fstl1 is an intrinsic cardiokine promoting survival and proliferation of MSCs, thereby optimizing their engraftment and therapeutic efficacy during cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Shen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Guanghao Cui
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Yanqiong Li
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Wenxue Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Yimin Sun
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Guiying Xu
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Xiansheng Zeng
- Department of Cardiology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zan Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210000 China
| | - Weiqian Chen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
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25
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Mytsyk M, Isu G, Cerino G, Grapow MTR, Eckstein FS, Marsano A. Paracrine potential of adipose stromal vascular fraction cells to recover hypoxia-induced loss of cardiomyocyte function. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 116:132-142. [PMID: 30171703 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies show promising results in cardiac function recovery mostly through paracrine-mediated processes (as angiogenesis) in chronic ischemia. In this study, we aim to develop a 2D (two-dimensional) in vitro cardiac hypoxia model mimicking severe cardiac ischemia to specifically investigate the prosurvival paracrine effects of adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cell secretome released upon three-dimensional (3D) culture. For the 2D-cardiac hypoxia model, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (CM) were cultured for 5 days at < 1% (approaching anoxia) oxygen (O2 ) tension. Typical cardiac differentiation hallmarks and contractile ability were used to assess both the cardiomyocyte loss of functionality upon anoxia exposure and its possible recovery following the 5-day-treatment with SVF-conditioned media (collected following 6-day-perfusion-based culture on collagen scaffolds in either normoxia or approaching anoxia). The culture at < 1% O 2 for 5 days mimicked the reversible condition of hibernating myocardium with still living and poorly contractile CM (reversible state). Only SVF-medium conditioned in normoxia expressing a high level of the prosurvival hepatocyte-growth factor (HGF) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) allowed the partial recovery of the functionality of damaged CM. The secretome generated by SVF-engineered tissues showed a high paracrine potential to rescue the nonfunctional CM, therefore resulting in a promising patch-based treatment of specific low-perfused areas after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myroslava Mytsyk
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Isu
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Cerino
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin T R Grapow
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Anna Marsano
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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26
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Bassetti B, Capogrossi MC, Pompilio G. Power Is Nothing Without Control: The Enduring Search for the Best Cell in Cardiac Cell Therapy at a Crossroads. Circ Res 2018; 119:988-991. [PMID: 27737943 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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27
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Abstract
The idiom heart of the matter refers to the focal point within a topic and, with regard to health and longevity, the heart is truly pivotal for quality of life. Societal trends worldwide continue toward increased percent body fat and decreased physical activity with coincident increases in chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease as the top global cause of death along with insulin resistance, accelerated aging, cancer. Although long-term survival rates for cardiovascular disease patients are grim, intense research efforts continue to improve both prevention and treatment options. Pharmacological interventions remain the predominant interventional strategy for mitigating progression and managing symptoms, but cellular therapies have the potential to cure or even mediate remission of cardiovascular disease. Adult stem cells are the most studied cellular therapy in both preclinical and clinical investigation. This review will focus on the advanced therapeutic strategies to augment products and methods of delivery, which many think heralds the future of clinical investigations. Advanced preclinical strategies using adult stem cells are examined to promote synergism between preclinical and clinical research, streamline implementation, and improve this imminent matter of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Broughton
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, CA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, CA.
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28
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Lemaster JE, Chen F, Kim T, Hariri A, Jokerst JV. Development of a Trimodal Contrast Agent for Acoustic and Magnetic Particle Imaging of Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2018; 1:1321-1331. [PMID: 33860154 PMCID: PMC8046030 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.8b00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has the potential to improve tissue remodeling and repair. For cardiac stem cell therapy, methods to improve the injection and tracking of stem cells may help to increase patient outcomes. Here we describe a multimodal approach that combines ultrasound imaging, photoacoustic imaging, and magnetic particle imaging (MPI). Ultrasound imaging offers real-time guidance, photoacoustic imaging offers enhanced contrast, and MPI offers high-contrast, deep-tissue imaging. This work was facilitated by a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based iron oxide nanobubble labeled with 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide (DiR) as a trimodal contrast agent. The PLGA coating facilitated the ultrasound signal, the DiR increased the photoacoustic signal, and the iron oxide facilitated the MPI signal. We confirmed that cell metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, and migration were not adversely affected by cell treatment with nanobubbles. The nanobubble-labeled cells were injected intramyocardially into live mice for real-time imaging. Ultrasound imaging showed a 3.8-fold increase in the imaging intensity of labeled cells postinjection compared to the baseline; photoacoustic imaging showed a 10.2-fold increase in the cardiac tissue signal postinjection. The MPI intensity of the nanobubble-treated human mesenchymal stem cells injected into the hearts of mice was approximately 20-fold greater than the negative control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne E. Lemaster
- Department of NanoEngineering, San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Taeho Kim
- Department of NanoEngineering, San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ali Hariri
- Department of NanoEngineering, San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jesse V. Jokerst
- Department of NanoEngineering, San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Radiology,University of California, San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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29
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Hu W, Xin Y, Zhao Y, Hu J. Shox2: The Role in Differentiation and Development of Cardiac Conduction System. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2018; 244:177-186. [PMID: 29503396 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.244.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The formation and conduction of electrocardiosignals and the synchronous contraction of atria and ventricles with rhythmicity are both triggered and regulated by the cardiac conduction system (CCS). Defect of this system will lead to various types of cardiac arrhythmias. In recent years, the research progress of molecular genetics and developmental biology revealed a clearer understanding of differentiation and development of the cardiac conduction system and their regulatory mechanisms. Short stature homeobox 2 (Shox2) transcription factor, encoded by Shox2 gene in the mouse, is crucial in the formation and differentiation of the sinoatrial node (SAN). Shox2 drives embryonic development processes and is widely expressed in the appendicular skeleton, palate, temporomandibular joints, and heart. Mutations of Shox2 can lead to dysembryoplasia and abnormal phenotypes, including bradycardiac arrhythmia. In this review, we provide a summary of the latest research progress on the regulatory effects of the Shox2 gene in differentiation and development processes of the cardiac conduction system, hoping to deepen the knowledge and understanding of this systematic process based on the cardiac conduction system. Overall, the Shox2 gene is intimately involved in the differentiation and development of cardiac conduction system, especially sinoatrial node. We also summarize the current information about human SHOX2. This review article provides a new direction in biological pacemaker therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University
| | - Yanguo Xin
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Yinan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University
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30
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Rahmati M, Pennisi CP, Mobasheri A, Mozafari M. Bioengineered Scaffolds for Stem Cell Applications in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1107:73-89. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Yan W, Guo Y, Tao L, Lau WB, Gan L, Yan Z, Guo R, Gao E, Wong GW, Koch WL, Wang Y, Ma XL. C1q/Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Protein-9 Regulates the Fate of Implanted Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Mobilizes Their Protective Effects Against Ischemic Heart Injury via Multiple Novel Signaling Pathways. Circulation 2017; 136:2162-2177. [PMID: 28978553 PMCID: PMC5705403 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.029557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell therapy remains the most promising approach against ischemic heart injury. However, the poor survival of engrafted stem cells in the ischemic environment limits their therapeutic efficacy for cardiac repair after myocardial infarction. CTRP9 (C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-9) is a novel prosurvival cardiokine with significantly downregulated expression after myocardial infarction. Here we tested a hypothesis that CTRP9 might be a cardiokine required for a healthy microenvironment promoting implanted stem cell survival and cardioprotection. METHODS Mice were subjected to myocardial infarction and treated with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs, intramyocardial transplantation), CTRP9, or their combination. Survival, cardiac remodeling and function, cardiomyocytes apoptosis, and ADSCs engraftment were evaluated. Whether CTRP9 directly regulates ADSCs function was determined in vitro. Discovery-drive approaches followed by cause-effect analysis were used to uncover the molecular mechanisms of CTRP9. RESULTS Administration of ADSCs alone failed to exert significant cardioprotection. However, administration of ADSCs in addition to CTRP9 further enhanced the cardioprotective effect of CTRP9 (P<0.05 or P<0.01 versus CTRP9 alone), suggesting a synergistic effect. Administration of CTRP9 at a dose recovering physiological CTRP9 levels significantly prolonged ADSCs retention/survival after implantation. Conversely, the number of engrafted ADSCs was significantly reduced in the CTRP9 knockout heart. In vitro study demonstrated that CTRP9 promoted ADSCs proliferation and migration, and it protected ADSCs against hydrogen peroxide-induced cellular death. CTRP9 enhances ADSCs proliferation/migration by extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK)1/2-matrix metallopeptidase 9 signaling and promotes antiapoptotic/cell survival via ERK-nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2/antioxidative protein expression. N-cadherin was identified as a novel CTRP9 receptor mediating ADSCs signaling. Blockade of either N-cadherin or ERK1/2 completely abolished the previously noted CTRP9 effects. Although CTRP9 failed to promote ADSCs cardiogenic differentiation, CTRP9 promotes superoxide dismutase 3 expression and secretion from ADSCs, protecting cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress-induced cell death. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first evidence that CTRP9 promotes ADSCs proliferation/survival, stimulates ADSCs migration, and attenuates cardiomyocyte cell death by previously unrecognized signaling mechanisms. These include binding with N-cadherin, activation of ERK-matrix metallopeptidase 9 and ERK-nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 signaling, and upregulation/secretion of antioxidative proteins. These results suggest that CTRP9 is a cardiokine critical in maintaining a healthy microenvironment facilitating stem cell engraftment in infarcted myocardial tissue, thereby enhancing stem cell therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China, 710032
| | - Yongzhen Guo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Ling Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China, 710032
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Zheyi Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - G. William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Walter L. Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Xin-Liang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Corrado
- From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova Medical School, Italy (D.C., C.B.); and Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Center for Inherited Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.P.J.)
| | - Cristina Basso
- From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova Medical School, Italy (D.C., C.B.); and Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Center for Inherited Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.P.J.)
| | - Daniel P. Judge
- From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova Medical School, Italy (D.C., C.B.); and Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Center for Inherited Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.P.J.)
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Alpert JS, Chen QM. Stem Cell Therapy: The Phoenix in Clinical Medicine? Am J Med 2017; 130:1003-1004. [PMID: 28554821 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Alpert
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Editor in Chief, The American Journal of Medicine
| | - Qin M Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
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Fernández-Avilés F, Sanz-Ruiz R, Climent AM, Badimon L, Bolli R, Charron D, Fuster V, Janssens S, Kastrup J, Kim HS, Lüscher TF, Martin JF, Menasché P, Simari RD, Stone GW, Terzic A, Willerson JT, Wu JC. Global position paper on cardiovascular regenerative medicine. Eur Heart J 2017; 38:2532-2546. [PMID: 28575280 PMCID: PMC5837698 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Fernández-Avilés
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sanz-Ruiz
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu M Climent
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (HSCSP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Dominique Charron
- LabEx TRANSPLANTEX; HLA & Médecine "Jean Dausset" Laboratory Network, Hôpital Saint-Louis AP-HP, Université Paris Diderot, 75013, France
| | - Valentin Fuster
- CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Janssens
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jens Kastrup
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Philippe Menasché
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Robert D Simari
- School of Medicine, University of Kansas, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Gregg W Stone
- Center for Clinical Trials, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York; Center for Clinical Trials, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andre Terzic
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - James T Willerson
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
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Carmona MD, Cañadillas S, Romero M, Blanco A, Nogueras S, Herrera C. Intramyocardial bone marrow mononuclear cells versus bone marrow-derived and adipose mesenchymal cells in a rat model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:947-961. [PMID: 28673775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of cell therapy on dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) have been investigated in pre-clinical models using distinct cellular types in each study. A single study that compares the effectiveness of different cells is lacking. METHODS We have compared the effects of intramyocardial injection (IMI) of bone marrow (BM)-derived mononuclear cells (MNCs), BM and adipose tissue (AT) mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs) on heart function, histological changes and myocardial ultrastructure in a rat model of DCM. Isogenic Wistar rats were used to isolate the different cell types and to induce DCM by autoimmune myocarditis. Animals were randomly assigned to receive BM-MNCs, BM-MSCs, AT-MSCs or placebo at day 42 by IMI. Serial echocardiography was used to assess cardiac function and hearts obtained after sacrifice at day 70, were used for histological and ultrastructural analysis. Serum levels of type B-natriuretic peptide (BNP) and vascular endothelial growth-factor (VEGF) were determined at different time points. RESULTS BM-MSC treatment induced significant improvement in ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), left ventricular systolic diameter (LVESD) and systolic volume (LVESV). In contrast, changes in echocardiographic parameters with respect to pre-treatment values in animals receiving placebo, AT-MSCs or BM-MNCs were not statistically significant. EF and FS in animals receiving AT-MSCs were superior to those receiving placebo. BM-MSC transplantation induced also improvement in cardiac fibers organization and capillary density, fibrotic tissue reduction, increase in final VEGF concentration and BNP decrease. DISCUSSION IMI of BM or AT-MSCs improves LV function and induces more angiogenesis processes than BM-MNCs. In addition, BM-MSCs showed more anti-fibrotic effects and more ability to reorganize myocardial tissue compared with the other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dolores Carmona
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain; Cellular Therapy Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain; University of Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Sagrario Cañadillas
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain; Cellular Therapy Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain; University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Miguel Romero
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain; University of Cordoba, Spain; Cardiology Department, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alfonso Blanco
- Anatomy and Comparative Pathology Department, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Sonia Nogueras
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain; Cellular Therapy Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain; University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Concha Herrera
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Spain; Cellular Therapy Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain; University of Cordoba, Spain; Hematology Department, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
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Frederich BJ, Timofeyev V, Thai PN, Haddad MJ, Poe AJ, Lau VC, Moshref M, Knowlton AA, Sirish P, Chiamvimonvat N. Electrotaxis of cardiac progenitor cells, cardiac fibroblasts, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitor cells requires serum and is directed via PI3'K pathways. Heart Rhythm 2017; 14:1685-1692. [PMID: 28668623 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The limited regenerative capacity of cardiac tissue has long been an obstacle to treating damaged myocardium. Cell-based therapy offers an enormous potential to the current treatment paradigms. However, the efficacy of regenerative therapies remains limited by inefficient delivery and engraftment. Electrotaxis (electrically guided cell movement) has been clinically used to improve recovery in a number of tissues but has not been investigated for treating myocardial damage. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to test the electrotactic behaviors of several types of cardiac cells. METHODS Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs), cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitor cells (hiPSC-CPCs) were used. RESULTS CPCs and CFs electrotax toward the anode of a direct current electric field, whereas hiPSC-CPCs electrotax toward the cathode. The voltage-dependent electrotaxis of CPCs and CFs requires the presence of serum in the media. Addition of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule to serum-free media restores directed migration. We provide evidence that CPC and CF electrotaxis is mediated through phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase signaling. In addition, very late antigen-4, an integrin and growth factor receptor, is required for electrotaxis and localizes to the anodal edge of CPCs in response to direct current electric field. The hiPSC-derived CPCs do not express very late antigen-4, migrate toward the cathode in a voltage-dependent manner, and, similar to CPCs and CFs, require media serum and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase activity for electrotaxis. CONCLUSION The electrotactic behaviors of these therapeutic cardiac cells may be used to improve cell-based therapy for recovering function in damaged myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert J Frederich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Valeriy Timofeyev
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Phung N Thai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Michael J Haddad
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Adam J Poe
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Victor C Lau
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Maryam Moshref
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Anne A Knowlton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California; US Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California
| | - Padmini Sirish
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.
| | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California; US Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California.
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37
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Doetschman T, Georgieva T. Gene Editing With CRISPR/Cas9 RNA-Directed Nuclease. Circ Res 2017; 120:876-894. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic engineering of model organisms and cultured cells has for decades provided important insights into the mechanisms underlying cardiovascular development and disease. In the past few years the development of several nuclease systems has broadened the range of model/cell systems that can be engineered. Of these, the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) system has become the favorite for its ease of application. Here we will review this RNA-guided nuclease system for gene editing with respect to its usefulness for cardiovascular studies and with an eye toward potential therapy. Studies on its off-target activity, along with approaches to minimize this activity will be given. The advantages of gene editing versus gene targeting in embryonic stem cells, including the breadth of species and cell types to which it is applicable, will be discussed. We will also cover its use in iPSC for research and possible therapeutic purposes; and we will review its use in muscular dystrophy studies where considerable progress has been made toward dystrophin correction in mice. The CRISPR/Ca9s system is also being used for high-throughput screening of genes, gene regulatory regions, and long noncoding RNAs. In addition, the CRISPR system is being used for nongene-editing purposes such as activation and inhibition of gene expression, as well as for fluorescence tagging of chromosomal regions and individual mRNAs to track their cellular location. Finally, an approach to circumvent the inability of post-mitotic cells to support homologous recombination-based gene editing will be presented. In conclusion, applications of the CRISPR/Cas system are expanding at a breath-taking pace and are revolutionizing approaches to gain a better understanding of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Doetschman
- From the BIO5 Institute (T.D., T.G.) and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (T.D.), University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Teodora Georgieva
- From the BIO5 Institute (T.D., T.G.) and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (T.D.), University of Arizona, Tucson
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Kannappan R, Matsuda A, Ferreira-Martins J, Zhang E, Palano G, Czarna A, Cabral-Da-Silva MC, Bastos-Carvalho A, Sanada F, Ide N, Rota M, Blasco MA, Serrano M, Anversa P, Leri A. p53 Modulates the Fate of Cardiac Progenitor Cells Ex Vivo and in the Diabetic Heart In Vivo. EBioMedicine 2017; 16:224-237. [PMID: 28163043 PMCID: PMC5474510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is an important modulator of stem cell fate, but its role in cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) is unknown. Here, we tested the effects of a single extra-copy of p53 on the function of CPCs in the presence of oxidative stress mediated by doxorubicin in vitro and type-1 diabetes in vivo. CPCs were obtained from super-p53 transgenic mice (p53-tg), in which the additional allele is regulated in a manner similar to the endogenous protein. Old CPCs with increased p53 dosage showed a superior ability to sustain oxidative stress, repair DNA damage and restore cell division. With doxorubicin, a larger fraction of CPCs carrying an extra-copy of the p53 allele recruited γH2A.X reestablishing DNA integrity. Enhanced p53 expression resulted in a superior tolerance to oxidative stress in vivo by providing CPCs with defense mechanisms necessary to survive in the milieu of the diabetic heart; they engrafted in regions of tissue injury and in three days acquired the cardiomyocyte phenotype. The biological advantage provided by the increased dosage of p53 in CPCs suggests that this genetic strategy may be translated to humans to increase cellular engraftment and growth, critical determinants of successful cell therapy for the failing heart. p53 improves the ability of CPCs to sustain oxidative stress. p53 promotes the restoration of DNA integrity and cell division. p53 enhances the engraftment of CPCs in the diabetic heart.
Ongoing clinical trials with autologous cardiac stem cells (CSCs) are faced with a critical limitation which is related to the modest amount of retained cells within the damaged myocardium. We have developed a strategy that overcomes in part this problem enhancing the number of CSCs able to engraft within the pathologic organ. Additionally, these genetically modified CSCs can be generated in large number, raising the possibility that multiple temporally distinct deliveries of cells can be introduced to restore the structural and functional integrity of the decompensated heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramaswamy Kannappan
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alex Matsuda
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - João Ferreira-Martins
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric Zhang
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Giorgia Palano
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Czarna
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Mauricio Castro Cabral-Da-Silva
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adriana Bastos-Carvalho
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fumihiro Sanada
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Noriko Ide
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marcello Rota
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria A Blasco
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Piero Anversa
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Annarosa Leri
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.
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Bageghni SA, Frentzou GA, Drinkhill MJ, Mansfield W, Coverley D, Ainscough JFX. Cardiomyocyte--specific expression of the nuclear matrix protein, CIZ1, stimulates production of mono-nucleated cells with an extended window of proliferation in the postnatal mouse heart. Biol Open 2017; 6:92-99. [PMID: 27934662 PMCID: PMC5278428 DOI: 10.1242/bio.021550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial injury in mammals leads to heart failure through pathological cardiac remodelling that includes hypertrophy, fibrosis and ventricular dilatation. Central to this is inability of the mammalian cardiomyocyte to self-renew due to entering a quiescent state after birth. Modulation of the cardiomyocyte cell-cycle after injury is therefore a target mechanism to limit damage and potentiate repair and regeneration. Here, we show that cardiomyocyte-specific over-expression of the nuclear-matrix-associated DNA replication protein, CIZ1, extends their window of proliferation during cardiac development, delaying onset of terminal differentiation without compromising function. CIZ1-expressing hearts are enlarged, but the cardiomyocytes are smaller with an overall increase in number, correlating with increased DNA replication after birth and retention of an increased proportion of mono-nucleated cardiomyocytes into adulthood. Furthermore, these CIZ1 induced changes in the heart reduce the impact of myocardial injury, identifying CIZ1 as a putative therapeutic target for cardiac repair. Summary: An inducible mouse model was developed to show that CIZ1 extends the window of cardiomyocyte proliferation and reduces the impact of injury on cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dawn Coverley
- Biology Department, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Justin F X Ainscough
- LICAMM, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK .,Biology Department, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
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Broughton KM, Sussman MA. Myocardial Regeneration for Humans ― Modifying Biology and Manipulating Evolution ―. Circ J 2017; 81:142-148. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-16-1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Broughton
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute
| | - Mark A. Sussman
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute
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41
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Bukovsky A. Involvement of blood mononuclear cells in the infertility, age-associated diseases and cancer treatment. World J Stem Cells 2016; 8:399-427. [PMID: 28074124 PMCID: PMC5183987 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v8.i12.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood mononuclear cells consist of T cells and monocyte derived cells. Beside immunity, the blood mononuclear cells belong to the complex tissue control system (TCS), where they exhibit morphostatic function by stimulating proliferation of tissue stem cells followed by cellular differentiation, that is stopped after attaining the proper functional stage, which differs among various tissue types. Therefore, the term immune and morphostatic system (IMS) should be implied. The TCS-mediated morphostasis also consists of vascular pericytes controlled by autonomic innervation, which is regulating the quantity of distinct tissues in vivo. Lack of proper differentiation of tissue cells by TCS causes either tissue underdevelopment, e.g., muscular dystrophy, or degenerative functional failures, e.g., type 1 diabetes and age-associated diseases. With the gradual IMS regression after 35 years of age the gonadal infertility develops, followed by a growing incidence of age-associated diseases and cancers. Without restoring an altered TCS function in a degenerative disease, the implantation of tissue-specific stem cells alone by regenerative medicine can not be successful. Transfused young blood could temporarily restore fertility to enable parenthood. The young blood could also temporarily alleviate aging diseases, and this can be extended by substances inducing IMS regeneration, like the honey bee propolis. The local and/or systemic use of honey bee propolis stopped hair and teeth loss, regressed varicose veins, improved altered hearing, and lowered high blood pressure and sugar levels. Complete regression of stage IV ovarian cancer with liver metastases after a simple elaborated immunotherapy is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Bukovsky
- Antonin Bukovsky, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology BIOCEV, Institute of Biotechnology Czech Academy of Sciences, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
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Sussman MA. Inject Me Once and Inject Me Twice. Then Inject Me Once Again. Circ Res 2016; 119:580-1. [PMID: 27539968 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Sussman
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA.
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Fibronectin and Cyclic Strain Improve Cardiac Progenitor Cell Regenerative Potential In Vitro. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:8364382. [PMID: 27610140 PMCID: PMC5004015 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8364382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have rapidly advanced to clinical trials, yet little is known regarding their interaction with the microenvironment. Signaling cues present in the microenvironment change with development and disease. This work aims to assess the influence of two distinct signaling moieties on CPCs: cyclic biaxial strain and extracellular matrix. We evaluate four endpoints for improving CPC therapy: paracrine signaling, proliferation, connexin43 expression, and alignment. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (about 900 pg/mL) was secreted by CPCs cultured on fibronectin and collagen I. The application of mechanical strain increased vascular endothelial growth factor A secretion 2–4-fold for CPCs cultured on poly-L-lysine, laminin, or a naturally derived cardiac extracellular matrix. CPC proliferation was at least 25% higher on fibronectin than that on other matrices, especially for lower strain magnitudes. At 5% strain, connexin43 expression was highest on fibronectin. With increasing strain magnitude, connexin43 expression decreased by as much as 60% in CPCs cultured on collagen I and a naturally derived cardiac extracellular matrix. Cyclic mechanical strain induced the strongest CPC alignment when cultured on fibronectin or collagen I. This study demonstrates that culturing CPCs on fibronectin with 5% strain magnitude is optimal for their vascular endothelial growth factor A secretion, proliferation, connexin43 expression, and alignment.
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Mallone A, Weber B, Hoerstrup SP. Cardiovascular Regenerative Technologies: Update and Future Outlook. Transfus Med Hemother 2016; 43:291-296. [PMID: 27721705 DOI: 10.1159/000447749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the effort of improving treatment for cardiovascular disease (CVD), scientists struggle with the lack of the regenerative capacities of finally differentiated cardiovascular tissues. In this context, the advancements in regenerative medicine contributed to the development of cell-based therapies as well as macro- and micro-scale tissue-engineering technologies. The current experimental approaches focus on different regenerative strategies including a broad spectrum of techniques such as paracrine-based stimulation of autologous cardiac stem cells, mesenchymal cell injections, 3D microtissue culture techniques and vascular tissue-engineering methods. These potential next-generation strategies are leading the way to a revolution in addressing CVD, and numerous studies are now undertaken to assess their therapeutic value. With this review, we provide an update on the current research directions, on their major challenges, limitations, and achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mallone
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Benedikt Weber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Simon P Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
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