1
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Tillery MML, Zheng C, Zheng Y, Megraw TL. Ninein domains required for its localization, association with partners dynein and ensconsin, and microtubule organization. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar116. [PMID: 39024292 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-06-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ninein (Nin) is a microtubule (MT) anchor at the subdistal appendages of mother centrioles and the pericentriolar material (PCM) of centrosomes that also functions to organize MTs at noncentrosomal MT-organizing centers (ncMTOCs). In humans, the NIN gene is mutated in Seckel syndrome, an inherited developmental disorder. Here, we dissect the protein domains involved in Nin's localization and interactions with dynein and ensconsin (ens/MAP7) and show that the association with ens cooperatively regulates MT assembly in Drosophila fat body cells. We define domains of Nin responsible for its localization to the ncMTOC on the fat body cell nuclear surface, localization within the nucleus, and association with Dynein light intermediate chain (Dlic) and ens, respectively. We show that Nin's association with ens synergistically regulates MT assembly. Together, these findings reveal novel features of Nin function and its regulation of a ncMTOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa M L Tillery
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306-4300
| | - Chunfeng Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306-4300
| | - Yiming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China, 361102
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, China, 518057
| | - Timothy L Megraw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306-4300
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2
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Gupta S, Swoger M, Saldanha R, Schwarz JM, Patteson AE. Reorganizing chromatin by cellular deformation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 90:102408. [PMID: 39121805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Biologists have the capability to edit a genome at the nanometer scale and then observe whether or not the edit affects the structure of a developing organ or organism at the centimeter scale. Our understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving this emergent phenomenon from a multiscale perspective remains incomplete. This review focuses predominantly on recent experimental developments in uncovering the mechanical interplay between the chromatin and cell scale since mechanics plays a major role in determining nuclear, cellular, and tissue structure. Here, we discuss the generation and transmission of forces through the cytoskeleton, affecting chromatin diffusivity and organization. Decoding such pieces of these multiscale connections lays the groundwork for solving the genotype-to-phenotype puzzle in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak Gupta
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maxx Swoger
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Renita Saldanha
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - J M Schwarz
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Indian Creek Farm, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Alison E Patteson
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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3
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Pavlov DA, Corredera CS, Dehghany M, Heffler J, Shen KM, Zuela-Sopilniak N, Randell R, Uchida K, Jain R, Shenoy V, Lammerding J, Prosser B. Microtubule forces drive nuclear damage in LMNA cardiomyopathy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.10.579774. [PMID: 38948795 PMCID: PMC11212868 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.10.579774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear homeostasis requires a balance of forces between the cytoskeleton and nucleus. Variants in LMNA disrupt this balance by weakening the nuclear lamina, resulting in nuclear damage in contractile tissues and ultimately muscle disease. Intriguingly, disrupting the LINC complex that connects the cytoskeleton to the nucleus has emerged as a promising strategy to ameliorate LMNA cardiomyopathy. Yet how LINC disruption protects the cardiomyocyte nucleus remains unclear. To address this, we developed an assay to quantify the coupling of cardiomyocyte contraction to nuclear deformation and interrogated its dependence on the lamina and LINC complex. We found that the LINC complex was surprisingly dispensable for transferring the majority of contractile strain into the nucleus, and that increased nuclear strain in Lmna-deficient myocytes was not rescued by LINC disruption. However, LINC disruption eliminated the cage of microtubules encircling the nucleus, and disrupting microtubules was sufficient to prevent nuclear damage induced by LMNA deficiency. Through computational modeling we simulated the mechanical stress fields surrounding cardiomyocyte nuclei and show how microtubule compression exploits local vulnerabilities to damage LMNA-deficient nuclei. Our work pinpoints localized, microtubule-dependent force transmission through the LINC complex as a pathological driver and therapeutic target for LMNA cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Amiad Pavlov
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Carmen Suay Corredera
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Mohammad Dehghany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Julie Heffler
- Weill Institute for Cell & Molecular Biology, Cornell University
| | - Kaitlyn M Shen
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | | | - Rani Randell
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Keita Uchida
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Rajan Jain
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Vivek Shenoy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell & Molecular Biology, Cornell University
| | - Benjamin Prosser
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
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4
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Hashimoto K, Ohira M, Kodama A, Kimoto M, Inoue M, Toné S, Usui Y, Hanashima A, Goto T, Ogura Y, Ujihara Y, Mohri S. Loss of connectin novex-3 leads to heart dysfunction associated with impaired cardiomyocyte proliferation and abnormal nuclear mechanics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13727. [PMID: 38877142 PMCID: PMC11178842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Connectin (also known as titin) is a giant striated muscle protein that functions as a molecular spring by providing elasticity to the sarcomere. Novex-3 is a short splice variant of connectin whose physiological function remains unknown. We have recently demonstrated using in vitro analyses that in addition to sarcomere expression, novex-3 was also expressed in cardiomyocyte nuclei exclusively during fetal life, where it provides elasticity/compliance to cardiomyocyte nuclei and promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation in the fetus, suggesting a non-sarcomeric function. Here, we analyzed novex-3 knockout mice to assess the involvement of this function in cardiac pathophysiology in vivo. Deficiency of novex-3 compromised fetal cardiomyocyte proliferation and induced the enlargement of individual cardiomyocytes in neonates. In adults, novex-3 deficiency resulted in chamber dilation and systolic dysfunction, associated with Ca2+ dysregulation, resulting in a reduced life span. Mechanistic analyses revealed a possible association between impaired proliferation and abnormal nuclear mechanics, including stiffer nuclei positioned peripherally with stabilized circumnuclear microtubules in knockout cardiomyocytes. Although the underlying causal relationships were not fully elucidated, these data show that novex-3 has a vital non-sarcomeric function in cardiac pathophysiology and serves as an early contributor to cardiomyocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Hashimoto
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Momoko Ohira
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Aya Kodama
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Misaki Kimoto
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Mariko Inoue
- Central Research Institute, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Toné
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Hatoyama, Saitama, 350-0394, Japan
| | - Yuu Usui
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Akira Hanashima
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Takato Goto
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Yuhei Ogura
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ujihara
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mohri
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
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5
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Alasaadi DN, Mayor R. Mechanically guided cell fate determination in early development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:242. [PMID: 38811420 PMCID: PMC11136904 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Cell fate determination, a vital process in early development and adulthood, has been the focal point of intensive investigation over the past decades. Its importance lies in its critical role in shaping various and diverse cell types during embryonic development and beyond. Exploration of cell fate determination started with molecular and genetic investigations unveiling central signaling pathways and molecular regulatory networks. The molecular studies into cell fate determination yielded an overwhelming amount of information invoking the notion of the complexity of cell fate determination. However, recent advances in the framework of biomechanics have introduced a paradigm shift in our understanding of this intricate process. The physical forces and biochemical interplay, known as mechanotransduction, have been identified as a pivotal drive influencing cell fate decisions. Certainly, the integration of biomechanics into the process of cell fate pushed our understanding of the developmental process and potentially holds promise for therapeutic applications. This integration was achieved by identifying physical forces like hydrostatic pressure, fluid dynamics, tissue stiffness, and topography, among others, and examining their interplay with biochemical signals. This review focuses on recent advances investigating the relationship between physical cues and biochemical signals that control cell fate determination during early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delan N Alasaadi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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6
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Bougaran P, Bautch VL. Life at the crossroads: the nuclear LINC complex and vascular mechanotransduction. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1411995. [PMID: 38831796 PMCID: PMC11144885 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1411995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells line the inner surface of all blood vessels, where they are exposed to polarized mechanical forces throughout their lifespan. Both basal substrate interactions and apical blood flow-induced shear stress regulate blood vessel development, remodeling, and maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Disruption of these interactions leads to dysfunction and vascular pathologies, although how forces are sensed and integrated to affect endothelial cell behaviors is incompletely understood. Recently the endothelial cell nucleus has emerged as a prominent force-transducing organelle that participates in vascular mechanotransduction, via communication to and from cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions. The LINC complex, composed of SUN and nesprin proteins, spans the nuclear membranes and connects the nuclear lamina, the nuclear envelope, and the cytoskeleton. Here we review LINC complex involvement in endothelial cell mechanotransduction, describe unique and overlapping functions of each LINC complex component, and consider emerging evidence that two major SUN proteins, SUN1 and SUN2, orchestrate a complex interplay that extends outward to cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions and inward to interactions within the nucleus and chromatin. We discuss these findings in relation to vascular pathologies such as Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, a premature aging disorder with cardiovascular impairment. More knowledge of LINC complex regulation and function will help to understand how the nucleus participates in endothelial cell force sensing and how dysfunction leads to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Bougaran
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Victoria L. Bautch
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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7
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Greenberg L, Tom Stump W, Lin Z, Bredemeyer AL, Blackwell T, Han X, Greenberg AE, Garcia BA, Lavine KJ, Greenberg MJ. Harnessing molecular mechanism for precision medicine in dilated cardiomyopathy caused by a mutation in troponin T. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.05.588306. [PMID: 38645235 PMCID: PMC11030379 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.05.588306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is frequently caused by autosomal dominant point mutations in genes involved in diverse cellular processes, including sarcomeric contraction. While patient studies have defined the genetic landscape of DCM, genetics are not currently used in patient care, and patients receive similar treatments regardless of the underlying mutation. It has been suggested that a precision medicine approach based on the molecular mechanism of the underlying mutation could improve outcomes; however, realizing this approach has been challenging due to difficulties linking genotype and phenotype and then leveraging this information to identify therapeutic approaches. Here, we used multiscale experimental and computational approaches to test whether knowledge of molecular mechanism could be harnessed to connect genotype, phenotype, and drug response for a DCM mutation in troponin T, deletion of K210. Previously, we showed that at the molecular scale, the mutation reduces thin filament activation. Here, we used computational modeling of this molecular defect to predict that the mutant will reduce cellular and tissue contractility, and we validated this prediction in human cardiomyocytes and engineered heart tissues. We then used our knowledge of molecular mechanism to computationally model the effects of a small molecule that can activate the thin filament. We demonstrate experimentally that the modeling correctly predicts that the small molecule can partially rescue systolic dysfunction at the expense of diastolic function. Taken together, our results demonstrate how molecular mechanism can be harnessed to connect genotype and phenotype and inspire strategies to optimize mechanism-based therapeutics for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Greenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - W. Tom Stump
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Zongtao Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Andrea L. Bredemeyer
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Thomas Blackwell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xian Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Akiva E. Greenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kory J. Lavine
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael J. Greenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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8
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Zi-Yi Z, Qin Q, Fei Z, Cun-Yu C, Lin T. Nesprin proteins: bridging nuclear envelope dynamics to muscular dysfunction. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:208. [PMID: 38566066 PMCID: PMC10986154 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive exploration of the pivotal role played by the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, with a particular focus on Nesprin proteins, in cellular mechanics and the pathogenesis of muscular diseases. Distinguishing itself from prior works, the analysis delves deeply into the intricate interplay of the LINC complex, emphasizing its indispensable contribution to maintaining cellular structural integrity, especially in mechanically sensitive tissues such as cardiac and striated muscles. Additionally, the significant association between mutations in Nesprin proteins and the onset of Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) and Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy (EDMD) is highlighted, underscoring their pivotal role in disease pathogenesis. Through a comprehensive examination of DCM and EDMD cases, the review elucidates the disruptions in the LINC complex, nuclear morphology alterations, and muscular developmental disorders, thus emphasizing the essential function of an intact LINC complex in preserving muscle physiological functions. Moreover, the review provides novel insights into the implications of Nesprin mutations for cellular dynamics in the pathogenesis of muscular diseases, particularly in maintaining cardiac structural and functional integrity. Furthermore, advanced therapeutic strategies, including rectifying Nesprin gene mutations, controlling Nesprin protein expression, enhancing LINC complex functionality, and augmenting cardiac muscle cell function are proposed. By shedding light on the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying nuclear-cytoskeletal interactions, the review lays the groundwork for future research and therapeutic interventions aimed at addressing genetic muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zi-Yi
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Cao Cun-Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microencironment and immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, London, SE5 9NU, UK.
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9
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Wherley TJ, Thomas S, Millay DP, Saunders T, Roy S. Molecular regulation of myocyte fusion. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 158:53-82. [PMID: 38670716 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Myocyte fusion is a pivotal process in the development and regeneration of skeletal muscle. Failure during fusion can lead to a range of developmental as well as pathological consequences. This review aims to comprehensively explore the intricate processes underlying myocyte fusion, from the molecular to tissue scale. We shed light on key players, such as the muscle-specific fusogens - Myomaker and Myomixer, in addition to some lesser studied molecules contributing to myocyte fusion. Conserved across vertebrates, Myomaker and Myomixer play a crucial role in driving the merger of plasma membranes of fusing myocytes, ensuring the formation of functional muscle syncytia. Our multiscale approach also delves into broader cell and tissue dynamics that orchestrate the timing and positioning of fusion events. In addition, we explore the relevance of muscle fusogens to human health and disease. Mutations in fusogen genes have been linked to congenital myopathies, providing unique insights into the molecular basis of muscle diseases. We conclude with a discussion on potential therapeutic avenues that may emerge from manipulating the myocyte fusion process to remediate skeletal muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner J Wherley
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Serena Thomas
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Douglas P Millay
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Timothy Saunders
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Sudipto Roy
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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10
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Jones TLM, Woulfe KC. Considering impact of age and sex on cardiac cytoskeletal components. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H470-H478. [PMID: 38133622 PMCID: PMC11219061 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00619.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac cytoskeletal components are integral to cardiomyocyte function and are responsible for contraction, sustaining cell structure, and providing scaffolding to direct signaling. Cytoskeletal components have been implicated in cardiac pathology; however, less attention has been paid to age-related modifications of cardiac cytoskeletal components and how these contribute to dysfunction with increased age. Moreover, significant sex differences in cardiac aging have been identified, but we still lack a complete understanding to the mechanisms behind these differences. This review summarizes what is known about how key cardiomyocyte cytoskeletal components are modified because of age, as well as reported sex-specific differences. Thorough consideration of both age and sex as integral players in cytoskeletal function may reveal potential avenues for more personalized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L M Jones
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Kathleen C Woulfe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
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11
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Bryson V, Wang C, Zhou Z, Singh K, Volin N, Yildirim E, Rosenberg P. The D84G mutation in STIM1 causes nuclear envelope dysfunction and myopathy in mice. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e170317. [PMID: 38300705 PMCID: PMC10977986 DOI: 10.1172/jci170317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is a Ca2+ sensor located in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of skeletal muscle, where it is best known for its role in store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Genetic syndromes resulting from STIM1 mutations are recognized as a cause of muscle weakness and atrophy. Here, we focused on a gain-of-function mutation that occurs in humans and mice (STIM1+/D84G mice), in which muscles exhibited constitutive SOCE. Unexpectedly, this constitutive SOCE did not affect global Ca2+ transients, SR Ca2+ content, or excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) and was therefore unlikely to underlie the reduced muscle mass and weakness observed in these mice. Instead, we demonstrate that the presence of D84G STIM1 in the nuclear envelope of STIM1+/D84G muscle disrupted nuclear-cytosolic coupling, causing severe derangement in nuclear architecture, DNA damage, and altered lamina A-associated gene expression. Functionally, we found that D84G STIM1 reduced the transfer of Ca2+ from the cytosol to the nucleus in myoblasts, resulting in a reduction of [Ca2+]N. Taken together, we propose a novel role for STIM1 in the nuclear envelope that links Ca2+ signaling to nuclear stability in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chaojian Wang
- Department of Medicine
- Duke Cardiovascular Research Center
| | | | | | | | - Eda Yildirim
- Department of Cell Biology
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, and
| | - Paul Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine
- Duke Cardiovascular Research Center
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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12
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Ling X, Hou Y, Jia X, Lan Y, Wu X, Wu J, Jie W, Liu H, Huang S, Wan Z, Li T, Guo J, Liang T. Characterization of cardiac involvement in patients with LMNA splice-site mutation-related dilated cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death. Front Genet 2024; 14:1291411. [PMID: 38259623 PMCID: PMC10800368 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1291411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: LMNA splicing mutations occur in 9.1% of cases with cardiac involvement cases, but the phenotype and severity of disease they cause have not yet been systematically studied. The aim of this study was to understand the clinical and pathogenic characteristics of the LMNA splice-site mutation phenotype in patients with LMNA-related dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Methods and Results: First, we reported a novel family with LMNA-related DCM and SCD, and the clinical characteristics of all current patients with LMNA splicing mutations were further summarized through the ClinVar database. Seventeen families with a total of 134 individuals, containing a total of 15 LMNA splicing mutation sites, were enrolled. A total of 42 subjects (31.3%) had SCD. Compared without with the non-DCM group (n = 56), the patients within the DCM group (n = 78) presented a lower incidence of atrioventricular block (AVB) (p = 0.015) and a higher incidence rates of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (p = 0.004),) and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation (p = 0.005). Kaplan‒Meier survival analysis showed that the patients with pacemaker (PM) implantation had a significantly reduced the occurrence of SCD compared to patientswith those without PM implantation (log-rank p < 0.001), while there was no significant difference in ICD implantation between the two groups (log-rank p = 0.73). Second, we identified the family that we reported with a mutation in an LMNA c.513+1 G>A mutation in the reported family, and pathogenic prediction analysis showed that the mutation site was extremely harmful. Next, we conducted gene expression levels and cardiac pathological biopsy studies on the proband of this family. We found that the expression of normal LMNA mRNA from the proband was significantly downregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells than incompared with healthy individuals. Finally, we comprehensively summarized the pathological characteristics of LMNA-related DCM, including hypertrophy, atrophy, fibrosis, white blood cell infiltration, intercalated disc remodeling, and downregulation of desmin and connexin 43 (Cx43) expression. Discussion: Above all, Cardiaccardiac involvement in patients with LMNA splice-site mutation presented with a high rate of SCD. Implanting a pacemaker significantly reduced the SCD rate in non-DCM patients with AVB. The pathogenic characterization was not only haveinvolved suppressed the expression of the healthy LMNA allele, but was also associated with abnormal expression and distribution of desmin and Cx43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Ling
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research and Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yanjun Hou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xingyu Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research and Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Youling Lan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research and Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research and Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Julan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Hainan Women and Children Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Wei Jie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research and Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research and Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research and Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhenling Wan
- Department of Pathology, Hainan Women and Children Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Tianfa Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research and Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Junli Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research and Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Tiebiao Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, People’s Hospital of Wanning, Wanning, China
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13
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Schwarz N, Leube RE. Plasticity of cytoplasmic intermediate filament architecture determines cellular functions. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102270. [PMID: 37918274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic intermediate filaments endow cells with mechanical stability. They are subject to changes in morphology and composition if needed. This remodeling encompasses entire cells but can also be restricted to specific intracellular regions. Intermediate filaments thereby support spatially and temporally defined cell type-specific functions. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of how intermediate filament dynamics affect the underlying regulatory pathways. We will elaborate on the role of intermediate filaments for the formation and maintenance of surface specializations, cell migration, contractility, organelle positioning, nucleus protection, stress responses and axonal conduction velocity. Together, the selected examples highlight the modulatory role of intermediate filament plasticity for multiple cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Schwarz
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rudolf E Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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14
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West G, Sedighi S, Agnetti G, Taimen P. Intermediate filaments in the heart: The dynamic duo of desmin and lamins orchestrates mechanical force transmission. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102280. [PMID: 37972529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The intermediate filament (IF) cytoskeleton supports cellular structural integrity, particularly in response to mechanical stress. The most abundant IF proteins in mature cardiomyocytes are desmin and lamins. The desmin network tethers the contractile apparatus and organelles to the nuclear envelope and the sarcolemma, while lamins, as components of the nuclear lamina, provide structural stability to the nucleus and the genome. Mutations in desmin or A-type lamins typically result in cardiomyopathies and recent studies emphasized the synergistic roles of desmin and lamins in the maintenance of nuclear integrity in cardiac myocytes. Here we explore the emerging roles of the interdependent relationship between desmin and lamins in providing resilience to nuclear structure while transducing extracellular mechanical cues into the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun West
- Institute of Biomedicine and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sogol Sedighi
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Giulio Agnetti
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21205, Baltimore, MD, USA; DIBINEM - University of Bologna, 40123, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Pekka Taimen
- Institute of Biomedicine and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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15
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King MC. Dynamic regulation of LINC complex composition and function across tissues and contexts. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2823-2832. [PMID: 37846646 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The concept of mechanotransduction to the nucleus through a direct force transmission mechanism has fascinated cell biologists for decades. Central to such a mechanism is the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, which spans the nuclear envelope to couple the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton to the nuclear lamina. In reality, there is not one LINC complex identity, but instead, a family of protein configurations of varied composition that exert both shared and unique functions. Regulated expression of LINC complex components, splice variants, and mechanoresponsive protein turnover mechanisms together shape the complement of LINC complex forms present in a given cell type. Disrupting specific gene(s) encoding LINC complex components therefore gives rise to a range of organismal defects. Moreover, evidence suggests that the mechanical environment remodels LINC complexes, providing a feedback mechanism by which cellular context influences the integration of the nucleus into the cytoskeleton. In particular, evidence for crosstalk between the nuclear and cytoplasmic intermediate filament networks communicated through the LINC complex represents an emerging theme in this active area of ongoing investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C King
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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16
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Brown SJ, Šoltić D, Synowsky SA, Shirran SL, Chilcott E, Shorrock HK, Gillingwater TH, Yáñez-Muñoz RJ, Schneider B, Bowerman M, Fuller HR. AAV9-mediated SMN gene therapy rescues cardiac desmin but not lamin A/C and elastin dysregulation in Smn2B/- spinal muscular atrophy mice. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2950-2965. [PMID: 37498175 PMCID: PMC10549791 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural, functional and molecular cardiac defects have been reported in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients and mouse models. Previous quantitative proteomics analyses demonstrated widespread molecular defects in the severe Taiwanese SMA mouse model. Whether such changes are conserved across different mouse models, including less severe forms of the disease, has yet to be established. Here, using the same high-resolution proteomics approach in the less-severe Smn2B/- SMA mouse model, 277 proteins were found to be differentially abundant at a symptomatic timepoint (post-natal day (P) 18), 50 of which were similarly dysregulated in severe Taiwanese SMA mice. Bioinformatics analysis linked many of the differentially abundant proteins to cardiovascular development and function, with intermediate filaments highlighted as an enriched cellular compartment in both datasets. Lamin A/C was increased in the cardiac tissue, whereas another intermediate filament protein, desmin, was reduced. The extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, elastin, was also robustly decreased in the heart of Smn2B/- mice. AAV9-SMN1-mediated gene therapy rectified low levels of survival motor neuron protein and restored desmin levels in heart tissues of Smn2B/- mice. In contrast, AAV9-SMN1 therapy failed to correct lamin A/C or elastin levels. Intermediate filament proteins and the ECM have key roles in cardiac function and their dysregulation may explain cardiac impairment in SMA, especially since mutations in genes encoding these proteins cause other diseases with cardiac aberration. Cardiac pathology may need to be considered in the long-term care of SMA patients, as it is unclear whether currently available treatments can fully rescue peripheral pathology in SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon J Brown
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, TORCH Building, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry SY10 7AG, UK
| | - Darija Šoltić
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, TORCH Building, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry SY10 7AG, UK
| | - Silvia A Synowsky
- BSRC Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Sally L Shirran
- BSRC Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Ellie Chilcott
- AGCTlab.org, Centre of Gene and Cell Therapy, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Hannah K Shorrock
- Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Thomas H Gillingwater
- Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Rafael J Yáñez-Muñoz
- AGCTlab.org, Centre of Gene and Cell Therapy, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Bernard Schneider
- Bertarelli Platform for Gene Therapy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melissa Bowerman
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, TORCH Building, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry SY10 7AG, UK
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Heidi R Fuller
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, TORCH Building, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry SY10 7AG, UK
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17
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Kuprytė M, Lesauskaitė V, Keturakis V, Bunevičienė V, Utkienė L, Jusienė L, Pangonytė D. Remodeling of Cardiomyocytes: Study of Morphological Cellular Changes Preceding Symptomatic Ischemic Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14557. [PMID: 37834000 PMCID: PMC10572236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although major pathogenesis mechanisms of heart failure (HF) are well established, the significance of early (mal)adaptive structural changes of cardiomyocytes preceding symptomatic ischemic HF remains ambiguous. The aim of this study is to present the morphological characterization of changes in cardiomyocytes and their reorganization of intermediate filaments during remodeling preceding symptomatic ischemic HF in an adult human heart. A total of 84 myocardial tissue samples from middle-left heart ventricular segments were analyzed histomorphometrically and immunohistochemically, observing the cardiomyocyte's size, shape, and desmin expression changes in the remodeling process: Stage A of HF, Stage B of HF, and Stages C/D of HF groups (ACC/AHA classification). Values p < 0.05 were considered significant. The cellular length, diameter, and volume of Stage A of HF increased predominantly by the diameter vs. the control group (p < 0.001) and continued to increase in Stage B of HF in a similar pattern (p < 0.001), increasing even more in the C/D Stages of HF predominantly by length (p < 0.001). Desmin expression was increased in Stage A of HF vs. the control group (p < 0.001), whereas it was similar in Stages A and B of HF (p > 0.05), and most intense in Stages C/D of HF (p < 0.001). Significant morphological changes of cardiomyocytes and their cytoskeletal reorganization were observed during the earliest remodeling events preceding symptomatic ischemic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milda Kuprytė
- Laboratory of Cardiac Pathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Vaiva Lesauskaitė
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Vytenis Keturakis
- Laboratory of Cardiac Pathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Vitalija Bunevičienė
- Laboratory of Cardiac Pathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Lina Utkienė
- Laboratory of Cardiac Pathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Lina Jusienė
- Laboratory of Cardiac Pathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Dalia Pangonytė
- Laboratory of Cardiac Pathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.K.); (V.K.)
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18
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Coscarella IL, Landim-Vieira M, Rastegarpouyani H, Chase PB, Irianto J, Pinto JR. Nucleus Mechanosensing in Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13341. [PMID: 37686151 PMCID: PMC10487505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac muscle contraction is distinct from the contraction of other muscle types. The heart continuously undergoes contraction-relaxation cycles throughout an animal's lifespan. It must respond to constantly varying physical and energetic burdens over the short term on a beat-to-beat basis and relies on different mechanisms over the long term. Muscle contractility is based on actin and myosin interactions that are regulated by cytoplasmic calcium ions. Genetic variants of sarcomeric proteins can lead to the pathophysiological development of cardiac dysfunction. The sarcomere is physically connected to other cytoskeletal components. Actin filaments, microtubules and desmin proteins are responsible for these interactions. Therefore, mechanical as well as biochemical signals from sarcomeric contractions are transmitted to and sensed by other parts of the cardiomyocyte, particularly the nucleus which can respond to these stimuli. Proteins anchored to the nuclear envelope display a broad response which remodels the structure of the nucleus. In this review, we examine the central aspects of mechanotransduction in the cardiomyocyte where the transmission of mechanical signals to the nucleus can result in changes in gene expression and nucleus morphology. The correlation of nucleus sensing and dysfunction of sarcomeric proteins may assist the understanding of a wide range of functional responses in the progress of cardiomyopathic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maicon Landim-Vieira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Hosna Rastegarpouyani
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Institute for Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Prescott Bryant Chase
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Jose Renato Pinto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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19
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Wallace M, Zahr H, Perati S, Morsink CD, Johnson LE, Gacita AM, Lai S, Wallrath LL, Benjamin IJ, McNally EM, Kirby TJ, Lammerding J. Nuclear damage in LMNA mutant iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes is associated with impaired lamin localization to the nuclear envelope. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:mbcE21100527. [PMID: 37585285 PMCID: PMC10846625 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-10-0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The LMNA gene encodes the nuclear envelope proteins Lamins A and C, which comprise a major part of the nuclear lamina, provide mechanical support to the nucleus, and participate in diverse intracellular signaling. LMNA mutations give rise to a collection of diseases called laminopathies, including dilated cardiomyopathy (LMNA-DCM) and muscular dystrophies. Although nuclear deformities are a hallmark of LMNA-DCM, the role of nuclear abnormalities in the pathogenesis of LMNA-DCM remains incompletely understood. Using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) from LMNA mutant patients and healthy controls, we show that LMNA mutant iPSC-CM nuclei have altered shape or increased size compared to healthy control iPSC-CM nuclei. The LMNA mutation exhibiting the most severe nuclear deformities, R249Q, additionally caused reduced nuclear stiffness and increased nuclear fragility. Importantly, for all cell lines, the degree of nuclear abnormalities corresponded to the degree of Lamin A/C and Lamin B1 mislocalization from the nuclear envelope. The mislocalization was likely due to altered assembly of Lamin A/C. Collectively, these results point to the importance of correct lamin assembly at the nuclear envelope in providing mechanical stability to the nucleus and suggest that defects in nuclear lamina organization may contribute to the nuclear and cellular dysfunction in LMNA-DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Wallace
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Hind Zahr
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Shriya Perati
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Chloé D. Morsink
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU Medical Center, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anthony M. Gacita
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Shuping Lai
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Lori L. Wallrath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Ivor J. Benjamin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Elizabeth M. McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Tyler J. Kirby
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU Medical Center, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853
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20
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De Silva S, Fan Z, Kang B, Shanahan CM, Zhang Q. Nesprin-1: novel regulator of striated muscle nuclear positioning and mechanotransduction. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1331-1345. [PMID: 37171063 PMCID: PMC10317153 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nesprins (nuclear envelope spectrin repeat proteins) are multi-isomeric scaffolding proteins. Giant nesprin-1 and -2 localise to the outer nuclear membrane, interact with SUN (Sad1p/UNC-84) domain-containing proteins at the inner nuclear membrane to form the LInker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, which, in association with lamin A/C and emerin, mechanically couples the nucleus to the cytoskeleton. Despite ubiquitous expression of nesprin giant isoforms, pathogenic mutations in nesprin-1 and -2 are associated with tissue-specific disorders, particularly related to striated muscle such as dilated cardiomyopathy and Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Recent evidence suggests this muscle-specificity might be attributable in part, to the small muscle specific isoform, nesprin-1α2, which has a novel role in striated muscle function. Our current understanding of muscle-specific functions of nesprin-1 and its isoforms will be summarised in this review to provide insight into potential pathological mechanisms of nesprin-related muscle disease and may inform potential targets of therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanelle De Silva
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, London SE5 9NU, U.K
| | - Zhijuan Fan
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, London SE5 9NU, U.K
- Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Baoqiang Kang
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, London SE5 9NU, U.K
| | - Catherine M. Shanahan
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, London SE5 9NU, U.K
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, London SE5 9NU, U.K
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21
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Bryson V, Wang C, Zhou Z, Singh K, Volin N, Yildirim E, Rosenberg P. The D84G mutation in STIM1 causes nuclear envelope dysfunction and myopathy in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.03.539279. [PMID: 37205564 PMCID: PMC10187192 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.03.539279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is a Ca 2+ sensor located in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of skeletal muscle where it is best known for its role in store operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE). Genetic syndromes resulting from STIM1 mutations are recognized as a cause of muscle weakness and atrophy. Here, we focus on a gain of function mutation that occurs in humans and mice (STIM1 +/D84G mice) where muscles exhibit constitutive SOCE. Unexpectedly, this constitutive SOCE did not affect global Ca 2+ transients, SR Ca 2+ content or excitation contraction coupling (ECC) and was therefore unlikely to underlie the reduced muscle mass and weakness observed in these mice. Instead, we demonstrate that the presence of D84G STIM1 in the nuclear envelope of STIM1 +/D84G muscle disrupts nuclear-cytosolic coupling causing severe derangement in nuclear architecture, DNA damage, and altered lamina A associated gene expression. Functionally, we found D84G STIM1 reduced the transfer of Ca 2+ from the cytosol to the nucleus in myoblasts resulting in a reduction of [Ca 2+ ] N . Taken together, we propose a novel role for STIM1 in the nuclear envelope that links Ca 2+ signaling to nuclear stability in skeletal muscle.
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22
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Shah PP, Santini GT, Shen KM, Jain R. InterLINCing Chromatin Organization and Mechanobiology in Laminopathies. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:307-314. [PMID: 37052760 PMCID: PMC10185580 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we explore the chromatin-related consequences of laminopathy-linked mutations through the lens of mechanotransduction. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple studies have highlighted the role of the nuclear lamina in maintaining the integrity of the nucleus. The lamina also has a critical role in 3D genome organization. Mutations in lamina proteins associated with various laminopathies result in the loss of organization of DNA at the nuclear periphery. However, it remains unclear if or how these two aspects of lamin function are connected. Recent data suggests that unlinking the cytoskeleton from the nuclear lamina may be beneficial to slow progress of deleterious phenotypes observed in laminopathies. In this review, we highlight emerging data that suggest interlinked chromatin- and mechanical biology-related pathways are interconnected in the pathogenesis of laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisha P. Shah
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Smilow Center for Translational Research, 09-184, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Garrett T. Santini
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Kaitlyn M. Shen
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Rajan Jain
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Smilow Center for Translational Research, 09-101, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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23
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Scott AK, Rafuse M, Neu CP. Mechanically induced alterations in chromatin architecture guide the balance between cell plasticity and mechanical memory. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1084759. [PMID: 37143893 PMCID: PMC10151697 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1084759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity, or adaptability, of a cell determines its ability to survive and function within changing cellular environments. Changes in the mechanical environment, ranging from stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to physical stress such as tension, compression, and shear, are critical environmental cues that influence phenotypic plasticity and stability. Furthermore, an exposure to a prior mechanical signal has been demonstrated to play a fundamental role in modulating phenotypic changes that persist even after the mechanical stimulus is removed, creating stable mechanical memories. In this mini review, our objective is to highlight how the mechanical environment alters both phenotypic plasticity and stable memories through changes in chromatin architecture, mainly focusing on examples in cardiac tissue. We first explore how cell phenotypic plasticity is modulated in response to changes in the mechanical environment, and then connect the changes in phenotypic plasticity to changes in chromatin architecture that reflect short-term and long-term memories. Finally, we discuss how elucidating the mechanisms behind mechanically induced chromatin architecture that lead to cell adaptations and retention of stable mechanical memories could uncover treatment methods to prevent mal-adaptive permanent disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne K. Scott
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Michael Rafuse
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Corey P. Neu
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
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24
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Zhang B, Powers JD, McCulloch AD, Chi NC. Nuclear mechanosignaling in striated muscle diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1126111. [PMID: 36960155 PMCID: PMC10027932 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1126111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosignaling describes processes by which biomechanical stimuli are transduced into cellular responses. External biophysical forces can be transmitted via structural protein networks that span from the cellular membrane to the cytoskeleton and the nucleus, where they can regulate gene expression through a series of biomechanical and/or biochemical mechanosensitive mechanisms, including chromatin remodeling, translocation of transcriptional regulators, and epigenetic factors. Striated muscle cells, including cardiac and skeletal muscle myocytes, utilize these nuclear mechanosignaling mechanisms to respond to changes in their intracellular and extracellular mechanical environment and mediate gene expression and cell remodeling. In this brief review, we highlight and discuss recent experimental work focused on the pathway of biomechanical stimulus propagation at the nucleus-cytoskeleton interface of striated muscles, and the mechanisms by which these pathways regulate gene regulation, muscle structure, and function. Furthermore, we discuss nuclear protein mutations that affect mechanosignaling function in human and animal models of cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, current open questions and future challenges in investigating striated muscle nuclear mechanosignaling are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Joseph D. Powers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Andrew D. McCulloch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Neil C. Chi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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25
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Bissoli I, D’Adamo S, Pignatti C, Agnetti G, Flamigni F, Cetrullo S. Induced pluripotent stem cell-based models: Are we ready for that heart in a dish? Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1129263. [PMID: 36743420 PMCID: PMC9892938 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1129263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bissoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania D’Adamo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,*Correspondence: Stefania D’Adamo, ; Silvia Cetrullo,
| | - Carla Pignatti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulio Agnetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Istituto Nazionale per le Ricerche Cardiovascolari, Bologna, Italy,Center for Research on Cardiac Intermediate Filaments, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Flavio Flamigni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Istituto Nazionale per le Ricerche Cardiovascolari, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Cetrullo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Istituto Nazionale per le Ricerche Cardiovascolari, Bologna, Italy,*Correspondence: Stefania D’Adamo, ; Silvia Cetrullo,
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26
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Morris TA, Eldeen S, Tran RDH, Grosberg A. A comprehensive review of computational and image analysis techniques for quantitative evaluation of striated muscle tissue architecture. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2022; 3:041302. [PMID: 36407035 PMCID: PMC9667907 DOI: 10.1063/5.0057434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Unbiased evaluation of morphology is crucial to understanding development, mechanics, and pathology of striated muscle tissues. Indeed, the ability of striated muscles to contract and the strength of their contraction is dependent on their tissue-, cellular-, and cytoskeletal-level organization. Accordingly, the study of striated muscles often requires imaging and assessing aspects of their architecture at multiple different spatial scales. While an expert may be able to qualitatively appraise tissues, it is imperative to have robust, repeatable tools to quantify striated myocyte morphology and behavior that can be used to compare across different labs and experiments. There has been a recent effort to define the criteria used by experts to evaluate striated myocyte architecture. In this review, we will describe metrics that have been developed to summarize distinct aspects of striated muscle architecture in multiple different tissues, imaged with various modalities. Additionally, we will provide an overview of metrics and image processing software that needs to be developed. Importantly to any lab working on striated muscle platforms, characterization of striated myocyte morphology using the image processing pipelines discussed in this review can be used to quantitatively evaluate striated muscle tissues and contribute to a robust understanding of the development and mechanics of striated muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Eldeen
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2700, USA
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27
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Ahmed RE, Tokuyama T, Anzai T, Chanthra N, Uosaki H. Sarcomere maturation: function acquisition, molecular mechanism, and interplay with other organelles. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210325. [PMID: 36189811 PMCID: PMC9527934 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During postnatal cardiac development, cardiomyocytes mature and turn into adult ones. Hence, all cellular properties, including morphology, structure, physiology and metabolism, are changed. One of the most important aspects is the contractile apparatus, of which the minimum unit is known as a sarcomere. Sarcomere maturation is evident by enhanced sarcomere alignment, ultrastructural organization and myofibrillar isoform switching. Any maturation process failure may result in cardiomyopathy. Sarcomere function is intricately related to other organelles, and the growing evidence suggests reciprocal regulation of sarcomere and mitochondria on their maturation. Herein, we summarize the molecular mechanism that regulates sarcomere maturation and the interplay between sarcomere and other organelles in cardiomyocyte maturation. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The cardiomyocyte: new revelations on the interplay between architecture and function in growth, health, and disease’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan E Ahmed
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokuyama
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Anzai
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Nawin Chanthra
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hideki Uosaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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28
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Stenvall CGA, Nyström JH, Butler-Hallissey C, Jansson T, Heikkilä TRH, Adam SA, Foisner R, Goldman RD, Ridge KM, Toivola DM. Cytoplasmic keratins couple with and maintain nuclear envelope integrity in colonic epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar121. [PMID: 36001365 PMCID: PMC9634972 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-06-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratin intermediate filaments convey mechanical stability and protection against stress to epithelial cells. Keratins are essential for colon health, as seen in keratin 8 knockout (K8-/-) mice exhibiting a colitis phenotype. We hypothesized that keratins support the nuclear envelope and lamina in colonocytes. K8-/- colonocytes in vivo exhibit significantly decreased levels of lamins A/C, B1, and B2 in a colon-specific and cell-intrinsic manner. CRISPR/Cas9- or siRNA-mediated K8 knockdown in Caco-2 cells similarly decreased lamin levels, which recovered after reexpression of K8 following siRNA treatment. Nuclear area was not decreased, and roundness was only marginally increased in cells without K8. Down-regulation of K8 in adult K8flox/flox;Villin-CreERt2 mice following tamoxifen administration significantly decreased lamin levels at day 4 when K8 levels had reduced to 40%. K8 loss also led to reduced levels of plectin, LINC complex, and lamin-associated proteins. While keratins were not seen in the nucleoplasm without or with leptomycin B treatment, keratins were found intimately located at the nuclear envelope and complexed with SUN2 and lamin A. Furthermore, K8 loss in Caco-2 cells compromised nuclear membrane integrity basally and after shear stress. In conclusion, colonocyte K8 helps maintain nuclear envelope and lamina composition and contributes to nuclear integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel H. Nyström
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University
| | - Ciarán Butler-Hallissey
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku, and Åbo Akademi University, and,Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INP UMR7051, NeuroCyto, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Theresia Jansson
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University
| | - Taina R. H. Heikkilä
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University
| | | | - Roland Foisner
- Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter Campus, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Karen M. Ridge
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and,Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Diana M. Toivola
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland,*Address correspondence to: Diana M. Toivola ()
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29
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Pérez-Hernández M, van Opbergen CJM, Bagwan N, Vissing CR, Marrón-Liñares GM, Zhang M, Torres Vega E, Sorrentino A, Drici L, Sulek K, Zhai R, Hansen FB, Christensen AH, Boesgaard S, Gustafsson F, Rossing K, Small EM, Davies MJ, Rothenberg E, Sato PY, Cerrone M, Jensen THL, Qvortrup K, Bundgaard H, Delmar M, Lundby A. Loss of Nuclear Envelope Integrity and Increased Oxidant Production Cause DNA Damage in Adult Hearts Deficient in PKP2: A Molecular Substrate of ARVC. Circulation 2022; 146:851-867. [PMID: 35959657 PMCID: PMC9474627 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.060454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is characterized by high propensity to life-threatening arrhythmias and progressive loss of heart muscle. More than 40% of reported genetic variants linked to ARVC reside in the PKP2 gene, which encodes the PKP2 protein (plakophilin-2). METHODS We describe a comprehensive characterization of the ARVC molecular landscape as determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry, RNA sequencing, and transmission electron microscopy of right ventricular biopsy samples obtained from patients with ARVC with PKP2 mutations and left ventricular ejection fraction >45%. Samples from healthy relatives served as controls. The observations led to experimental work using multiple imaging and biochemical techniques in mice with a cardiac-specific deletion of Pkp2 studied at a time of preserved left ventricular ejection fraction and in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived PKP2-deficient myocytes. RESULTS Samples from patients with ARVC present a loss of nuclear envelope integrity, molecular signatures indicative of increased DNA damage, and a deficit in transcripts coding for proteins in the electron transport chain. Mice with a cardiac-specific deletion of Pkp2 also present a loss of nuclear envelope integrity, which leads to DNA damage and subsequent excess oxidant production (O2.- and H2O2), the latter increased further under mechanical stress (isoproterenol or exercise). Increased oxidant production and DNA damage is recapitulated in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived PKP2-deficient myocytes. Furthermore, PKP2-deficient cells release H2O2 into the extracellular environment, causing DNA damage and increased oxidant production in neighboring myocytes in a paracrine manner. Treatment with honokiol increases SIRT3 (mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-3) activity, reduces oxidant levels and DNA damage in vitro and in vivo, reduces collagen abundance in the right ventricular free wall, and has a protective effect on right ventricular function. CONCLUSIONS Loss of nuclear envelope integrity and subsequent DNA damage is a key substrate in the molecular pathology of ARVC. We show transcriptional downregulation of proteins of the electron transcript chain as an early event in the molecular pathophysiology of the disease (before loss of left ventricular ejection fraction <45%), which associates with increased oxidant production (O2.- and H2O2). We propose therapies that limit oxidant formation as a possible intervention to restrict DNA damage in ARVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pérez-Hernández
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU-Grossman School of Medicine, New York (M.P.-H., C.J.M.v.O., G.M.M.-L., M.Z., M.C., M.D.)
| | - Chantal J M van Opbergen
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU-Grossman School of Medicine, New York (M.P.-H., C.J.M.v.O., G.M.M.-L., M.Z., M.C., M.D.)
| | - Navratan Bagwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (N.B., E.T.V., A.S., F.B.H., M.J.D., K.Q., A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Rasmus Vissing
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and Department of Clinical Medicine (C.R.V., A.H.C., S.B., F.G., K.R., T.H.L.J., H.B.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (C.R.V., A.H.C., S.B., F.G., K.R., T.H.L.J., H.B.)
| | - Grecia M Marrón-Liñares
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU-Grossman School of Medicine, New York (M.P.-H., C.J.M.v.O., G.M.M.-L., M.Z., M.C., M.D.)
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU-Grossman School of Medicine, New York (M.P.-H., C.J.M.v.O., G.M.M.-L., M.Z., M.C., M.D.)
| | - Estefania Torres Vega
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (N.B., E.T.V., A.S., F.B.H., M.J.D., K.Q., A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrea Sorrentino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (N.B., E.T.V., A.S., F.B.H., M.J.D., K.Q., A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lylia Drici
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research (L.D., K.S.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karolina Sulek
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research (L.D., K.S.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruxu Zhai
- College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA (R.Z., P.Y.S.)
| | - Finn B Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (N.B., E.T.V., A.S., F.B.H., M.J.D., K.Q., A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alex H Christensen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and Department of Clinical Medicine (C.R.V., A.H.C., S.B., F.G., K.R., T.H.L.J., H.B.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (C.R.V., A.H.C., S.B., F.G., K.R., T.H.L.J., H.B.)
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Denmark (A.H.C.)
| | - Søren Boesgaard
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (C.R.V., A.H.C., S.B., F.G., K.R., T.H.L.J., H.B.)
- College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA (R.Z., P.Y.S.)
| | - Finn Gustafsson
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and Department of Clinical Medicine (C.R.V., A.H.C., S.B., F.G., K.R., T.H.L.J., H.B.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (C.R.V., A.H.C., S.B., F.G., K.R., T.H.L.J., H.B.)
| | - Kasper Rossing
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and Department of Clinical Medicine (C.R.V., A.H.C., S.B., F.G., K.R., T.H.L.J., H.B.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (C.R.V., A.H.C., S.B., F.G., K.R., T.H.L.J., H.B.)
| | - Eric M Small
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (E.M.S.)
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (N.B., E.T.V., A.S., F.B.H., M.J.D., K.Q., A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Division of Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York (E.R.)
| | - Priscila Y Sato
- College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA (R.Z., P.Y.S.)
| | - Marina Cerrone
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU-Grossman School of Medicine, New York (M.P.-H., C.J.M.v.O., G.M.M.-L., M.Z., M.C., M.D.)
| | - Thomas Hartvig Lindkær Jensen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and Department of Clinical Medicine (C.R.V., A.H.C., S.B., F.G., K.R., T.H.L.J., H.B.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (C.R.V., A.H.C., S.B., F.G., K.R., T.H.L.J., H.B.)
| | - Klaus Qvortrup
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (N.B., E.T.V., A.S., F.B.H., M.J.D., K.Q., A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and Department of Clinical Medicine (C.R.V., A.H.C., S.B., F.G., K.R., T.H.L.J., H.B.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (C.R.V., A.H.C., S.B., F.G., K.R., T.H.L.J., H.B.)
| | - Mario Delmar
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU-Grossman School of Medicine, New York (M.P.-H., C.J.M.v.O., G.M.M.-L., M.Z., M.C., M.D.)
| | - Alicia Lundby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (N.B., E.T.V., A.S., F.B.H., M.J.D., K.Q., A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Su W, van Wijk SW, Brundel BJJM. Desmin variants: Trigger for cardiac arrhythmias? Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:986718. [PMID: 36158202 PMCID: PMC9500482 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.986718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmin (DES) is a classical type III intermediate filament protein encoded by the DES gene. Desmin is abundantly expressed in cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle cells. In these cells, desmin interconnects several protein-protein complexes that cover cell-cell contact, intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and the nucleus, and the cytoskeletal network. The extra- and intracellular localization of the desmin network reveals its crucial role in maintaining the structural and mechanical integrity of cells. In the heart, desmin is present in specific structures of the cardiac conduction system including the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and His-Purkinje system. Genetic variations and loss of desmin drive a variety of conditions, so-called desminopathies, which include desmin-related cardiomyopathy, conduction system-related atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. The severe cardiac disease outcomes emphasize the clinical need to understand the molecular and cellular role of desmin driving desminopathies. As the role of desmin in cardiomyopathies has been discussed thoroughly, the current review is focused on the role of desmin impairment as a trigger for cardiac arrhythmias. Here, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of desmin to underlie a healthy cardiac conduction system and how impaired desmin triggers cardiac arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation, are discussed. Furthermore, an overview of available (genetic) desmin model systems for experimental cardiac arrhythmia studies is provided. Finally, potential implications for future clinical treatments of cardiac arrhythmias directed at desmin are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Su
- Physiology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stan W. van Wijk
- Physiology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bianca J. J. M. Brundel
- Physiology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Bianca J. J. M. Brundel,
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31
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Yoshioka N, Kurose M, Yano M, Tran DM, Okuda S, Mori-Ochiai Y, Horie M, Nagai T, Nishino I, Shibata S, Takebayashi H. Isoform-specific mutation in Dystonin-b gene causes late-onset protein aggregate myopathy and cardiomyopathy. eLife 2022; 11:78419. [PMID: 35942699 PMCID: PMC9365387 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystonin (DST), which encodes cytoskeletal linker proteins, expresses three tissue-selective isoforms: neural DST-a, muscular DST-b, and epithelial DST-e. DST mutations cause different disorders, including hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy 6 (HSAN-VI) and epidermolysis bullosa simplex; however, etiology of the muscle phenotype in DST-related diseases has been unclear. Because DST-b contains all of the DST-a-encoding exons, known HSAN-VI mutations could affect both DST-a and DST-b isoforms. To investigate the specific function of DST-b in striated muscles, we generated a Dst-b-specific mutant mouse model harboring a nonsense mutation. Dst-b mutant mice exhibited late-onset protein aggregate myopathy and cardiomyopathy without neuropathy. We observed desmin aggregation, focal myofibrillar dissolution, and mitochondrial accumulation in striated muscles, which are common characteristics of myofibrillar myopathy. We also found nuclear inclusions containing p62, ubiquitin, and SUMO proteins with nuclear envelope invaginations as a unique pathological hallmark in Dst-b mutation-induced cardiomyopathy. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed changes in expression of genes responsible for cardiovascular functions. In silico analysis identified DST-b alleles with nonsense mutations in populations worldwide, suggesting that some unidentified hereditary myopathy and cardiomyopathy are caused by DST-b mutations. Here, we demonstrate that the Dst-b isoform is essential for long-term maintenance of striated muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Yoshioka
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Transdisciplinary Research Programs, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kurose
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Masato Yano
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Dang Minh Tran
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shujiro Okuda
- Medical AI Center, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yukiko Mori-Ochiai
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masao Horie
- Department of Nursing, Niigata College of Nursing, Jōetsu, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nagai
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirohide Takebayashi
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Center for Coordination of Research Facilities, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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32
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Leong EL, Khaing NT, Cadot B, Hong WL, Kozlov S, Werner H, Wong ESM, Stewart CL, Burke B, Lee YL. Nesprin-1 LINC complexes recruit microtubule cytoskeleton proteins and drive pathology in Lmna-mutant striated muscle. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 32:177-191. [PMID: 35925868 PMCID: PMC9840208 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in LMNA, the gene encoding A-type lamins, cause laminopathies-diseases of striated muscle and other tissues. The aetiology of laminopathies has been attributed to perturbation of chromatin organization or structural weakening of the nuclear envelope (NE) such that the nucleus becomes more prone to mechanical damage. The latter model requires a conduit for force transmission to the nucleus. NE-associated Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes are one such pathway. Using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats to disrupt the Nesprin-1 KASH (Klarsicht, ANC-1, Syne Homology) domain, we identified this LINC complex protein as the predominant NE anchor for microtubule cytoskeleton components, including nucleation activities and motor complexes, in mouse cardiomyocytes. Loss of Nesprin-1 LINC complexes resulted in loss of microtubule cytoskeleton proteins at the nucleus and changes in nuclear morphology and positioning in striated muscle cells, but with no overt physiological defects. Disrupting the KASH domain of Nesprin-1 suppresses Lmna-linked cardiac pathology, likely by reducing microtubule cytoskeleton activities at the nucleus. Nesprin-1 LINC complexes thus represent a potential therapeutic target for striated muscle laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruno Cadot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U974, Institut de Myologie, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, Paris 75013, France
| | - Wei Liang Hong
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 6 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore,ASTAR Skin Research Labs (ASRL), Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 6 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Serguei Kozlov
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Hendrikje Werner
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 6 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore,ASTAR Skin Research Labs (ASRL), Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 6 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Esther Sook Miin Wong
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 6 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 5 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Colin L Stewart
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Colin L. Stewart, ; Brian Burke, ; Yin Loon Lee,
| | - Brian Burke
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Colin L. Stewart, ; Brian Burke, ; Yin Loon Lee,
| | - Yin Loon Lee
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Colin L. Stewart, ; Brian Burke, ; Yin Loon Lee,
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Ngo V, Fleischmann BK, Jung M, Hein L, Lother A. Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibitor JS28 Prevents Pathological Gene Expression in Cardiac Myocytes. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e025857. [PMID: 35699165 PMCID: PMC9238633 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.025857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Epigenetic modulators have been proposed as promising new drug targets to treat adverse remodeling in heart failure. Here, we evaluated the potential of 4 epigenetic drugs, including the recently developed histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitor JS28, to prevent endothelin-1 induced pathological gene expression in cardiac myocytes and analyzed the chromatin binding profile of the respective inhibitor targets. Methods and Results Cardiac myocytes were differentiated and puromycin-selected from mouse embryonic stem cells and treated with endothelin-1 to induce pathological gene expression (938 differentially expressed genes, q<0.05). Dysregulation of gene expression was at least in part prevented by epigenetic inhibitors, including the pan-BRD (bromodomain-containing protein) inhibitor bromosporine (290/938 genes), the BET (bromodomain and extraterminal) inhibitor JQ1 (288/938), the broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (227/938), and the HDAC6 inhibitor JS28 (210/938). Although the 4 compounds were similarly effective toward pathological gene expression, JS28 demonstrated the least adverse effects on physiological gene expression. Genome-wide chromatin binding profiles revealed that HDAC6 binding sites were preferentially associated with promoters of genes involved in RNA processing. In contrast, BRD4 binding was associated with genes involved in core cardiac myocyte functions, for example, myocyte contractility, and showed enrichment at enhancers and intronic regions. These distinct chromatin binding profiles of HDAC6 and BRD4 might explain the different effects of their inhibitors on pathological versus physiological gene expression. Conclusions In summary, we demonstrated, that the HDAC6 inhibitor JS28 effectively prevented the adverse effects of endothelin-1 on gene expression with minor impact on physiological gene expression in cardiac myocytes. Selective HDAC6 inhibition by JS28 appears to be a promising strategy for future evaluation in vivo and potential translation into clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Ngo
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgGermany
| | - Bernd K. Fleischmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Life & Brain Center, Medical FacultyUniversity of BonnGermany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of FreiburgGermany
| | - Lutz Hein
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgGermany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgGermany
| | - Achim Lother
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgGermany
- Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care (IMIT), Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgGermany
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Salvador J, Iruela-Arispe ML. Nuclear Mechanosensation and Mechanotransduction in Vascular Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:905927. [PMID: 35784481 PMCID: PMC9247619 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.905927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular cells are constantly subjected to physical forces associated with the rhythmic activities of the heart, which combined with the individual geometry of vessels further imposes oscillatory, turbulent, or laminar shear stresses on vascular cells. These hemodynamic forces play an important role in regulating the transcriptional program and phenotype of endothelial and smooth muscle cells in different regions of the vascular tree. Within the aorta, the lesser curvature of the arch is characterized by disturbed, oscillatory flow. There, endothelial cells become activated, adopting pro-inflammatory and athero-prone phenotypes. This contrasts the descending aorta where flow is laminar and endothelial cells maintain a quiescent and atheroprotective phenotype. While still unclear, the specific mechanisms involved in mechanosensing flow patterns and their molecular mechanotransduction directly impact the nucleus with consequences to transcriptional and epigenetic states. The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) protein complex transmits both internal and external forces, including shear stress, through the cytoskeleton to the nucleus. These forces can ultimately lead to changes in nuclear integrity, chromatin organization, and gene expression that significantly impact emergence of pathology such as the high incidence of atherosclerosis in progeria. Therefore, there is strong motivation to understand how endothelial nuclei can sense and respond to physical signals and how abnormal responses to mechanical cues can lead to disease. Here, we review the evidence for a critical role of the nucleus as a mechanosensor and the importance of maintaining nuclear integrity in response to continuous biophysical forces, specifically shear stress, for proper vascular function and stability.
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Nadkarni AV, Heald R. Reconstitution of muscle cell microtubule organization in vitro. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2022; 78:492-502. [PMID: 35666041 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle differentiation occurs as muscle precursor cells (myoblasts) elongate and fuse to form multinucleated syncytial myotubes in which the highly-organized actomyosin sarcomeres of muscle fibers assemble. Although less well characterized, the microtubule cytoskeleton also undergoes dramatic rearrangement during myogenesis. The centrosome-nucleated microtubule array found in myoblasts is lost as the nuclear membrane acquires microtubule nucleating activity and microtubules emerge from multiple sites in the cell, eventually rearranging into a grid-like pattern in myotubes. In order to characterize perinuclear microtubule organization using a biochemically tractable system, we isolated nuclei from mouse C2C12 skeletal muscle cells during the course of differentiation and incubated them in cytoplasmic extracts prepared from eggs of the frog Xenopus laevis. Whereas centrosomes associated with myoblast nuclei gave rise to radial microtubule arrays in extracts, myotube nuclei produced a sun-like pattern with microtubules transiently nucleating from the entire nuclear envelope. Perinuclear microtubule growth was suppressed by inhibition of Aurora A kinase or by degradation of RNA, treatments that also inhibited microtubule growth from sperm centrosomes. Myotube nuclei displayed microtubule motor-based movements leading to their separation, as occurs in myotubes. This in vitro assay therefore recapitulates key features of microtubule organization and nuclear movement observed during muscle cell differentiation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika V Nadkarni
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Heald
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Desmin deficiency affects the microenvironment of the cardiac side population and Sca1+ stem cell population of the adult heart and impairs their cardiomyogenic commitment. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 389:309-326. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Scalia F, Barone R, Rappa F, Marino Gammazza A, Lo Celso F, Lo Bosco G, Barone G, Antona V, Vadalà M, Vitale AM, Mangano GD, Amato D, Sentiero G, Macaluso F, Myburgh KH, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL, Giuffrè M, Cappello F. Muscle Histopathological Abnormalities in a Patient With a CCT5 Mutation Predicted to Affect the Apical Domain of the Chaperonin Subunit. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:887336. [PMID: 35720129 PMCID: PMC9201415 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.887336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of diseases associated with mutations of the chaperone system genes, e.g., chaperonopathies, is on the rise. Hereditary and clinical aspects are established, but the impact of the mutation on the chaperone molecule and the mechanisms underpinning the tissue abnormalities are not. Here, histological features of skeletal muscle from a patient with a severe, early onset, distal motor neuropathy, carrying a mutation on the CCT5 subunit (MUT) were examined in comparison with normal muscle (CTR). The MUT muscle was considerably modified; atrophy of fibers and disruption of the tissue architecture were prominent, with many fibers in apoptosis. CCT5 was diversely present in the sarcolemma, cytoplasm, and nuclei in MUT and in CTR and was also in the extracellular space; it colocalized with CCT1. In MUT, the signal of myosin appeared slightly increased, and actin slightly decreased as compared with CTR. Desmin was considerably delocalized in MUT, appearing with abnormal patterns and in precipitates. Alpha-B-crystallin and Hsp90 occurred at lower signals in MUT than in CTR muscle, appearing also in precipitates with desmin. The abnormal features in MUT may be the consequence of inactivity, malnutrition, denervation, and failure of protein homeostasis. The latter could be at least in part caused by malfunction of the CCT complex with the mutant CCT5 subunit. This is suggested by the results of the in silico analyses of the mutant CCT5 molecule, which revealed various abnormalities when compared with the wild-type counterpart, mostly affecting the apical domain and potentially impairing chaperoning functions. Thus, analysis of mutated CCT5 in vitro and in vivo is anticipated to provide additional insights on subunit involvement in neuromuscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Scalia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Barone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Lo Celso
- Department of Physics and Chemistry - Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Ionic Liquids Laboratory, Institute of Structure of Matter, Italian National Research Council (ISM-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Giosuè Lo Bosco
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Barone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Antona
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Vadalà
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Maria Vitale
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Donato Mangano
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Amato
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giusy Sentiero
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Filippo Macaluso
- SMART Engineering Solutions & Technologies (SMARTEST) Research Center, eCampus University, Palermo, Italy
| | - Kathryn H. Myburgh
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alberto J. L. Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mario Giuffrè
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco Cappello, @hotmail.com
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Deviri D, Safran SA. Balance of osmotic pressures determines the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic volume ratio of the cell. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2118301119. [PMID: 35580183 PMCID: PMC9173802 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118301119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The volume of the cell nucleus varies across cell types and species and is commonly thought to be determined by the size of the genome and degree of chromatin compaction. However, this notion has been challenged over the years by much experimental evidence. Here, we consider the physical condition of mechanical force balance as a determining condition of the nuclear volume and use quantitative, order-of-magnitude analysis to estimate the forces from different sources of nuclear and cytoplasmic pressure. Our estimates suggest that the dominant pressure within the nucleus and cytoplasm of nonstriated muscle cells originates from the osmotic pressure of proteins and RNA molecules that are localized to the nucleus or cytoplasm by out-of-equilibrium, active nucleocytoplasmic transport rather than from chromatin or its associated ions. This motivates us to formulate a physical model for the ratio of the cell and nuclear volumes in which osmotic pressures of localized proteins determine the relative volumes. In accordance with unexplained observations that are a century old, our model predicts that the ratio of the cell and nuclear volumes is a constant, robust to a wide variety of biochemical and biophysical manipulations, and is changed only if gene expression or nucleocytoplasmic transport is modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Deviri
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovet 76100, Israel
| | - Samuel A. Safran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovet 76100, Israel
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Caporizzo MA, Prosser BL. The microtubule cytoskeleton in cardiac mechanics and heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:364-378. [PMID: 35440741 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule network of cardiac muscle cells has unique architectural and biophysical features to accommodate the demands of the working heart. Advances in live-cell imaging and in deciphering the 'tubulin code' have shone new light on this cytoskeletal network and its role in heart failure. Microtubule-based transport orchestrates the growth and maintenance of the contractile apparatus through spatiotemporal control of translation, while also organizing the specialized membrane systems required for excitation-contraction coupling. To withstand the high mechanical loads of the working heart, microtubules are post-translationally modified and physically reinforced. In response to stress to the myocardium, the microtubule network remodels, typically through densification, post-translational modification and stabilization. Under these conditions, physically reinforced microtubules resist the motion of the cardiomyocyte and increase myocardial stiffness. Accordingly, modified microtubules have emerged as a therapeutic target for reducing stiffness in heart failure. In this Review, we discuss the latest evidence on the contribution of microtubules to cardiac mechanics, the drivers of microtubule network remodelling in cardiac pathologies and the therapeutic potential of targeting cardiac microtubules in acquired heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Caporizzo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin L Prosser
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Cytoskeletal Protein Variants Driving Atrial Fibrillation: Potential Mechanisms of Action. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030416. [PMID: 35159226 PMCID: PMC8834312 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common clinical tachyarrhythmia, atrial fibrillation (AF), is present in 1-2% of the population. Although common risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, frequently underlie AF onset, it has been recognized that in 15% of the AF population, AF is familial. In these families, genome and exome sequencing techniques identified variants in the non-coding genome (i.e., variant regulatory elements), genes encoding ion channels, as well as genes encoding cytoskeletal (-associated) proteins. Cytoskeletal protein variants include variants in desmin, lamin A/C, titin, myosin heavy and light chain, junctophilin, nucleoporin, nesprin, and filamin C. These cytoskeletal protein variants have a strong association with the development of cardiomyopathy. Interestingly, AF onset is often represented as the initial manifestation of cardiac disease, sometimes even preceding cardiomyopathy by several years. Although emerging research findings reveal cytoskeletal protein variants to disrupt the cardiomyocyte structure and trigger DNA damage, exploration of the pathophysiological mechanisms of genetic AF is still in its infancy. In this review, we provide an overview of cytoskeletal (-associated) gene variants that relate to genetic AF and highlight potential pathophysiological pathways that drive this arrhythmia.
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Desmin intermediate filaments and tubulin detyrosination stabilize growing microtubules in the cardiomyocyte. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:53. [PMID: 36326891 PMCID: PMC9633452 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In heart failure, an increased abundance of post-translationally detyrosinated microtubules stiffens the cardiomyocyte and impedes its contractile function. Detyrosination promotes interactions between microtubules, desmin intermediate filaments, and the sarcomere to increase cytoskeletal stiffness, yet the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. We hypothesized that detyrosination may regulate the growth and shrinkage of dynamic microtubules to facilitate interactions with desmin and the sarcomere. Through a combination of biochemical assays and direct observation of growing microtubule plus-ends in adult cardiomyocytes, we find that desmin is required to stabilize growing microtubules at the level of the sarcomere Z-disk, where desmin also rescues shrinking microtubules from continued depolymerization. Further, reducing detyrosination (i.e. tyrosination) below basal levels promotes frequent depolymerization and less efficient growth of microtubules. This is concomitant with tyrosination promoting the interaction of microtubules with the depolymerizing protein complex of end-binding protein 1 (EB1) and CAP-Gly domain-containing linker protein 1 (CLIP1/CLIP170). The dynamic growth and shrinkage of tyrosinated microtubules reduce their opportunity for stabilizing interactions at the Z-disk region, coincident with tyrosination globally reducing microtubule stability. These data provide a model for how intermediate filaments and tubulin detyrosination establish long-lived and physically reinforced microtubules that stiffen the cardiomyocyte and inform both the mechanism of action and therapeutic index for strategies aimed at restoring tyrosination for the treatment of cardiac disease.
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Wu L, Sowers JR, Zhang Y, Ren J. OUP accepted manuscript. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 119:691-709. [PMID: 35576480 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) arise from a complex interplay among genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic abnormalities. Emerging evidence has recently consolidated the presence of robust DNA damage in a variety of cardiovascular disorders. DNA damage triggers a series of cellular responses termed DNA damage response (DDR) including detection of DNA lesions, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, cellular senescence, and apoptosis, in all organ systems including hearts and vasculature. Although transient DDR in response to temporary DNA damage can be beneficial for cardiovascular function, persistent activation of DDR promotes the onset and development of CVDs. Moreover, therapeutic interventions that target DNA damage and DDR have the potential to attenuate cardiovascular dysfunction and improve disease outcome. In this review, we will discuss molecular mechanisms of DNA damage and repair in the onset and development of CVDs, and explore how DDR in specific cardiac cell types contributes to CVDs. Moreover, we will highlight the latest advances regarding the potential therapeutic strategies targeting DNA damage signalling in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Sanyal C, Pietsch N, Ramirez Rios S, Peris L, Carrier L, Moutin MJ. The detyrosination/re-tyrosination cycle of tubulin and its role and dysfunction in neurons and cardiomyocytes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 137:46-62. [PMID: 34924330 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Among the variety of post-translational modifications to which microtubules are subjected, the detyrosination/re-tyrosination cycle is specific to tubulin. It is conserved by evolution and characterized by the enzymatic removal and re-addition of a gene-encoded tyrosine residue at the C-terminus of α-tubulin. Detyrosinated tubulin can be further converted to Δ2-tubulin by the removal of an additional C-terminal glutamate residue. Detyrosinated and Δ2-tubulin are carried by stable microtubules whereas tyrosinated microtubules are present on dynamic polymers. The cycle regulates trafficking of many cargo transporting molecular motors and is linked to the microtubule dynamics via regulation of microtubule interactions with specific cellular effectors such as kinesin-13. Here, we give an historical overview of the general features discovered for the cycle. We highlight the recent progress toward structure and functioning of the enzymes that keep the levels of tyrosinated and detyrosinated tubulin in cells, the long-known tubulin tyrosine ligase and the recently discovered vasohibin-SVBP complexes. We further describe how the cycle controls microtubule functions in healthy neurons and cardiomyocytes and how deregulations of the cycle are involved in dysfunctions of these highly differentiated cells, leading to neurodegeneration and heart failure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadni Sanyal
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Niels Pietsch
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sacnicte Ramirez Rios
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Leticia Peris
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Marie-Jo Moutin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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Becker R, Vergarajauregui S, Billing F, Sharkova M, Lippolis E, Mamchaoui K, Ferrazzi F, Engel FB. Myogenin controls via AKAP6 non-centrosomal microtubule-organizing center formation at the nuclear envelope. eLife 2021; 10:65672. [PMID: 34605406 PMCID: PMC8523159 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-centrosomal microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) are pivotal for the function of multiple cell types, but the processes initiating their formation are unknown. Here, we find that the transcription factor myogenin is required in murine myoblasts for the localization of MTOC proteins to the nuclear envelope. Moreover, myogenin is sufficient in fibroblasts for nuclear envelope MTOC (NE-MTOC) formation and centrosome attenuation. Bioinformatics combined with loss- and gain-of-function experiments identified induction of AKAP6 expression as one central mechanism for myogenin-mediated NE-MTOC formation. Promoter studies indicate that myogenin preferentially induces the transcription of muscle- and NE-MTOC-specific isoforms of Akap6 and Syne1, which encodes nesprin-1α, the NE-MTOC anchor protein in muscle cells. Overexpression of AKAP6β and nesprin-1α was sufficient to recruit endogenous MTOC proteins to the nuclear envelope of myoblasts in the absence of myogenin. Taken together, our results illuminate how mammals transcriptionally control the switch from a centrosomal MTOC to an NE-MTOC and identify AKAP6 as a novel NE-MTOC component in muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Becker
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silvia Vergarajauregui
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Billing
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria Sharkova
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eleonora Lippolis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kamel Mamchaoui
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM U974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Fulvia Ferrazzi
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), Erlangen, Germany
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Nuclear Dynamics and Chromatin Structure: Implications for Pancreatic Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102624. [PMID: 34685604 PMCID: PMC8534098 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in nuclear shape have been extensively associated with the dynamics and functionality of cancer cells. In most normal cells, nuclei have a regular ellipsoid shape and minimal variation in nuclear size; however, an irregular nuclear contour and abnormal nuclear size is often observed in cancer, including pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, alterations in nuclear morphology have become the 'gold standard' for tumor staging and grading. Beyond the utility of altered nuclear morphology as a diagnostic tool in cancer, the implications of altered nuclear structure for the biology and behavior of cancer cells are profound as changes in nuclear morphology could impact cellular responses to physical strain, adaptation during migration, chromatin organization, and gene expression. Here, we aim to highlight and discuss the factors that regulate nuclear dynamics and their implications for pancreatic cancer biology.
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47
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Garcia-Pelagio KP, Bloch RJ. Biomechanical Properties of the Sarcolemma and Costameres of Skeletal Muscle Lacking Desmin. Front Physiol 2021; 12:706806. [PMID: 34489727 PMCID: PMC8416993 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.706806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs), composed primarily by desmin and keratins, link the myofibrils to each other, to intracellular organelles, and to the sarcolemma. There they may play an important role in transfer of contractile force from the Z-disks and M-lines of neighboring myofibrils to costameres at the membrane, across the membrane to the extracellular matrix, and ultimately to the tendon (“lateral force transmission”). We measured the elasticity of the sarcolemma and the connections it makes at costameres with the underlying contractile apparatus of individual fast twitch muscle fibers of desmin-null mice. By positioning a suction pipet to the surface of the sarcolemma and applying increasing pressure, we determined the pressure at which the sarcolemma separated from nearby sarcomeres, Pseparation, and the pressure at which the isolated sarcolemma burst, Pbursting. We also examined the time required for the intact sarcolemma-costamere-sarcomere complex to reach equilibrium at lower pressures. All measurements showed the desmin-null fibers to have slower equilibrium times and lower Pseparation and Pbursting than controls, suggesting that the sarcolemma and its costameric links to nearby contractile structures were weaker in the absence of desmin. Comparisons to earlier values determined for muscles lacking dystrophin or synemin suggest that the desmin-null phenotype is more stable than the former and less stable than the latter. Our results are consistent with the moderate myopathy seen in desmin-null muscles and support the idea that desmin contributes significantly to sarcolemmal stability and lateral force transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla P Garcia-Pelagio
- Departamento de Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Robert J Bloch
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Zhang C, Wang F, Xie Z, Chen L, Wu X. The hippo pathway orchestrates cytoskeletal organisation during intervertebral disc degeneration. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151770. [PMID: 34438335 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) activity responded to physical and mechanical cues such as extracellular matrix (ECM), cell density and the mechanical regulation of YAP controlled cellular proliferation and inhibition of apoptotic signals. The intervertebral disc (IVD) comprises a heterogeneous population of cells, including those of the nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF), which are diverse in phenotype, partly due to the different ECM and mechanical loads they experience. How do IVD cells sense microenvironment and what is the relationship between YAP and cytoskeleton in the process of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) are not well understood. First, Hippo pathway and cytoskeleton organisation were assessed in the NP and AF of immature (4 weeks), mature (14 weeks), aged (50 weeks), and degenerated (14 weeks, 4 weeks after annulus puncture) IVDs. Second, to assess the effect of ECM composition and cell density on cytoskeleton and YAP levels, we seeded cells at different densities on three types of ECM. In this study, YAP and F-actin activity decreased gradually with age in natural IDD. Hippo signalling was suppressed in the early stages of disc injury, demonstrating the potential for endogenous repair, but this repair did not prevent further disc degeneration. β-tubulin and vimentin filaments provide the cell with its shape and its elastic properties in resisting mechanical forces. The Hippo pathway and cytoskeleton were shown to be regulated by cell density and the ECM composition.
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Ghasemizadeh A, Christin E, Guiraud A, Couturier N, Abitbol M, Risson V, Girard E, Jagla C, Soler C, Laddada L, Sanchez C, Jaque-Fernandez FI, Jacquemond V, Thomas JL, Lanfranchi M, Courchet J, Gondin J, Schaeffer L, Gache V. MACF1 controls skeletal muscle function through the microtubule-dependent localization of extra-synaptic myonuclei and mitochondria biogenesis. eLife 2021; 10:e70490. [PMID: 34448452 PMCID: PMC8500715 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are composed of hundreds of multinucleated muscle fibers (myofibers) whose myonuclei are regularly positioned all along the myofiber's periphery except the few ones clustered underneath the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) at the synaptic zone. This precise myonuclei organization is altered in different types of muscle disease, including centronuclear myopathies (CNMs). However, the molecular machinery regulating myonuclei position and organization in mature myofibers remains largely unknown. Conversely, it is also unclear how peripheral myonuclei positioning is lost in the related muscle diseases. Here, we describe the microtubule-associated protein, MACF1, as an essential and evolutionary conserved regulator of myonuclei positioning and maintenance, in cultured mammalian myotubes, in Drosophila muscle, and in adult mammalian muscle using a conditional muscle-specific knockout mouse model. In vitro, we show that MACF1 controls microtubules dynamics and contributes to microtubule stabilization during myofiber's maturation. In addition, we demonstrate that MACF1 regulates the microtubules density specifically around myonuclei, and, as a consequence, governs myonuclei motion. Our in vivo studies show that MACF1 deficiency is associated with alteration of extra-synaptic myonuclei positioning and microtubules network organization, both preceding NMJ fragmentation. Accordingly, MACF1 deficiency results in reduced muscle excitability and disorganized triads, leaving voltage-activated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release and maximal muscle force unchanged. Finally, adult MACF1-KO mice present an improved resistance to fatigue correlated with a strong increase in mitochondria biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ghasemizadeh
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Emilie Christin
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Alexandre Guiraud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Nathalie Couturier
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Marie Abitbol
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
- Université Marcy l’Etoile, VetAgro SupLyonFrance
| | - Valerie Risson
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Emmanuelle Girard
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Christophe Jagla
- GReD Laboratory, Clermont-Auvergne University, INSERM U1103, CNRSClermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Cedric Soler
- GReD Laboratory, Clermont-Auvergne University, INSERM U1103, CNRSClermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Lilia Laddada
- GReD Laboratory, Clermont-Auvergne University, INSERM U1103, CNRSClermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Colline Sanchez
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Francisco-Ignacio Jaque-Fernandez
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Vincent Jacquemond
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Jean-Luc Thomas
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Marine Lanfranchi
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Julien Courchet
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Julien Gondin
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Laurent Schaeffer
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Vincent Gache
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
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50
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Lityagina O, Dobreva G. The LINC Between Mechanical Forces and Chromatin. Front Physiol 2021; 12:710809. [PMID: 34408666 PMCID: PMC8365421 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.710809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart continually senses and responds to mechanical stimuli that balance cardiac structure and activity. Tensile forces, compressive forces, and shear stress are sensed by the different cardiac cell types and converted into signals instructing proper heart morphogenesis, postnatal growth, and function. Defects in mechanotransduction, the ability of cells to convert mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals, are implicated in cardiovascular disease development and progression. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on how mechanical forces are transduced to chromatin through the tensed actomyosin cytoskeleton, the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex and the nuclear lamina. We also discuss the functional significance of the LINC complex in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lityagina
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gergana Dobreva
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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