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Liu YT, Xu Z, Liu W, Ren S, Xiong HW, Jiang T, Chen J, Kang Y, Li QY, Wu ZH, Machens HG, Yang XF, Chen ZB. The circ_0002538/miR-138-5p/plasmolipin axis regulates Schwann cell migration and myelination in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1591-1600. [PMID: 36571367 PMCID: PMC10075099 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a vital role in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. However, their expression and function in Schwann cells in individuals with diabetic peripheral neuropathy remain poorly understood. Here, we performed protein profiling and circRNA sequencing of sural nerves in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy and controls. Protein profiling revealed 265 differentially expressed proteins in the diabetic peripheral neuropathy group. Gene Ontology indicated that differentially expressed proteins were mainly enriched in myelination and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay performed to validate the circRNA sequencing results yielded 11 differentially expressed circRNAs. circ_0002538 was markedly downregulated in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Further in vitro experiments showed that overexpression of circ_0002538 promoted the migration of Schwann cells by upregulating plasmolipin (PLLP) expression. Moreover, overexpression of circ_0002538 in the sciatic nerve in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of diabetic peripheral neuropathy alleviated demyelination and improved sciatic nerve function. The results of a mechanistic experiment showed that circ_0002538 promotes PLLP expression by sponging miR-138-5p, while a lack of circ_0002538 led to a PLLP deficiency that further suppressed Schwann cell migration. These findings suggest that the circ_0002538/miR-138-5p/PLLP axis can promote the migration of Schwann cells in diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients, improving myelin sheath structure and nerve function. Thus, this axis is a potential target for therapeutic treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tian Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhao Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Sen Ren
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - He-Wei Xiong
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yu Kang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qian-Yun Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zi-Han Wu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hans-GüNther Machens
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiao-Fan Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhen-Bing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Sharma A, Behl T, Sharma L, Shah OP, Yadav S, Sachdeva M, Rashid S, Bungau SG, Bustea C. Exploring the molecular pathways and therapeutic implications of angiogenesis in neuropathic pain. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114693. [PMID: 37062217 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, much attention has been paid to chronic neuro-inflammatory condition underlying neuropathic pain. It is generally linked with thermal hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia. It results due to injury or infection in the nervous system. The neuropathic pain spectrum covers a variety of pathophysiological states, mostly involved are ischemic injury viral infections associated neuropathies, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathies, autoimmune disorders, traumatic origin, hereditary neuropathies, inflammatory disorders, and channelopathies. In CNS, angiogenesis is evident in inflammation of neurons and pain in bone cancer. The role of chemokines and cytokines is dualistic; their aggressive secretion produces detrimental effects, leading to neuropathic pain. However, whether the angiogenesis contributes and exists in neuropathic pain remains doubtful. In the present review, we elucidated summary of diverse mechanisms of neuropathic pain associated with angiogenesis. Moreover, an overview of multiple targets that have provided insights on the VEGF signaling, signaling through Tie-1 and Tie-2 receptor, erythropoietin pathway promoting axonal growth are also discussed. Because angiogenesis as a result of these signaling, results in inflammation, we focused on the mechanisms of neuropathic pain. These factors are mainly responsible for the activation of post-traumatic regeneration of the PNS and CNS. Furthermore, we also reviewed synthetic and herbal treatments targeting angiogenesis in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173211, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, 248007 Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Lalit Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173211, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Om Prakash Shah
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173211, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shivam Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chhatrapati Shahu ji Maharaj University, Kanpur 208024, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monika Sachdeva
- Fatima College of Health Sciences, Al Ain 00000, United Arab Emirates
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410028, Romania; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea 410028, Romania.
| | - Cristiana Bustea
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
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Pang B, Zhang LL, Li B, Sun FX, Wang ZD. BMP5 ameliorates diabetic peripheral neuropathy by augmenting mitochondrial function and inhibiting apoptosis in Schwann cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 643:69-76. [PMID: 36587524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a common and serious complication of diabetes. Bone morphogenetic protein 5 (BMP5) is a multifunctional protein involved in the nervous system. Nevertheless, its effect on diabetic peripheral neuropathy remained uncharacterized. In this study, diabetic neuropathy in mice was induced by a single dose of 150 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) via intraperitoneal injection. Lentivirus expressing BMP5 (LV-BMP5) administration improved pain sensitivity, nerve conduction velocities and morphological alterations of the sciatic nerve of diabetic mice. Elevated BMP5 by LV-BMP5 suppressed cell apoptosis in the sciatic nerve, as evidenced by declined TUNEL-positive cells and down-regulated cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 levels. BMP5 enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP level. BMP5 also increased the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/9. Besides, the role of BMP5 in high glucose (HG)-stimulated Schwann cells was determined. Results of in vitro studies were in line with the in vivo findings. These experimental data seem to imply that BMP5 prevents the development of diabetic neuropathy via the maintenance of Smad1/5/9-mediated mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Lu-Lu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Feng-Xian Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Da Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China.
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SIRT1-Enriched Exosomes Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Alleviate Peripheral Neuropathy via Conserving Mitochondrial Function. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:2507-2516. [PMID: 36534294 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a highly prevalent diabetic complication characterized at the molecular level by mitochondrial dysfunction and deleterious oxidative damage. No effective treatments for DPN are currently available. The present study was developed to examine the impact of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) overexpressing sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) on DPN through antioxidant activity and the preservation of mitochondrial homeostasis. A DPN model was established using 20-week-old diabetic model mice (db/db). Exosomes were prepared from control BMSCs (exo-control) and BMSCs that had been transduced with a SIRT1 lentivirus (exo-SIRT1). Sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity values were measured to assess neurological function, and mechanical and thermal sensitivity were analyzed in these animals. Exo-SIRT1 preparations exhibited a high loading capacity and readily accumulated within peripheral nerves following intravenous administration, whereupon they were able to promote improved neurological recovery relative to exo-control treatment. DPN mice exhibited significantly improved nerve conduction velocity following exo-SIRT1 treatment. Relative to exo-control-treated mice, those that underwent exo-SIRT1 treatment exhibited significantly elevated TOMM20 and Nrf2/HO-1 expression, reduced MDA levels, increased GSH and SOD activity, and increased MMP. Together, these results revealed that both exo-control and exo-SIRT1 administration was sufficient to reduce the morphological and behavioral changes observed in DPN model mice, with exo-SIRT1 treatment exhibiting superior therapeutic efficacy. These data thus provide a foundation for future efforts to explore other combinations of gene therapy and exosome treatment in an effort to alleviate DPN.
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Syringic Acid Ameliorates Cardiac, Hepatic, Renal and Neuronal Damage Induced by Chronic Hyperglycaemia in Wistar Rats: A Behavioural, Biochemical and Histological Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196722. [PMID: 36235257 PMCID: PMC9573038 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of syringic acid (SA) on renal, cardiac, hepatic, and neuronal diabetic complications in streptozotocin-induced neonatal (nSTZ) diabetic rats. STZ (110 mg/kg i.p) was injected into Wistar rat neonates as a split dose (second and third postnatal day). Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in adults by measuring fasting blood glucose levels, urine volume, and food and water intake. The treatment of SA (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg p.o) was given from the 8th to 18th postnatal week. To assess the development of diabetic complications and the effect of therapy, biochemical indicators in serum and behavioural parameters were recorded at specific intervals during the study period. SA (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg p.o) treatment reduced hyperglycaemia, polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, relative organ weight, cardiac hypertrophic indices, inflammatory markers, cell injury markers, glycated haemoglobin, histopathological score, and oxidative stress, and increased Na/K ATPase activity. These findings suggest that SA might significantly alleviate diabetic complications and/or renal, neuronal, cardiac, and hepatic damage in nSTZ diabetic rats.
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Haddad M, Eid S, Harb F, Massry MEL, Azar S, Sauleau EA, Eid AA. Activation of 20-HETE Synthase Triggers Oxidative Injury and Peripheral Nerve Damage in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2022; 23:1371-1388. [PMID: 35339661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN), highly prevalent among patients with diabetes, is characterized by peripheral nerve dysfunction. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) overproduction has been suggested to orchestrate diabetic complications including DPN. Untargeted antioxidant therapy has exhibited limited efficacy, highlighting a critical need to explore ROS sources altered in a cell-specific manner in DPN. Cytochromes P450 (CYP) enzymes are prominent sources of ROS. Particularly, the 20-HETE synthase, CYP4A, is reported to mediate diabetes-induced renal, retinal, and cardiovascular injuries. This work investigates the role of CYP4A/20-HETE in DPN and their mechanisms of action. Non-obese type 2 Diabetic mice (MKR) were used and treated with a CYP4A-inhibitor (HET0016) or AMPK-activator (Metformin). Peripheral nerves of MKR mice reflect increased CYP4A and 20-HETE levels, concurrent with altered myelin proteins and sensorimotor deficits. This was associated with increased ROS production and altered Beclin-1 and LC3 protein levels, indicative of disrupted autophagic responses in tandem with AMPK inactivation. AMPK activation via Metformin restored nerve integrity, reduced ROS production, and regulated autophagy. Interestingly, similar outcomes were revealed upon HET0016 treatment whereby ROS production, autophagic responses, and AMPK signaling were normalized in diabetic mice. Altogether, the results highlight hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative injury in DPN through a novel CYP4A/20-HETE/AMPK pathological axis. PERSPECTIVE: To our knowledge, this is the first study to highlight the role of CYPs/20-HETE-induced oxidative injury in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Targeting the identified pathological axis CYP4A/20-HETE/AMPK may be of clinical potential in predicting and alleviating peripheral nerve injury in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Haddad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biostatistics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7357 ICube, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphanie Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Frederic Harb
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed E L Massry
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sami Azar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Erik-Andre Sauleau
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7357 ICube, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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7
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Yuan P, Song F, Zhu P, Fan K, Liao Q, Huang L, Liu Z. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1-mediated defective mitophagy contributes to painful diabetic neuropathy in the db/db model. J Neurochem 2022; 162:276-289. [PMID: 35263449 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) was involved in the pathological process of diabetes. Mitophagy is widely acknowledged to be a key regulatory process in maintaining reactive oxygen species homeostasis via lysosome degradation of damaged mitochondria. However, the regulatory role of PARP1 in mitophagy-related mitochondrial oxidative injury and progression of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is unclear. In this study, we studied the in vitro and in vivo mechanisms of PARP1-mediated mitophagy blockade in a leptin gene-mutation (db/db) mouse model of PDN. Db/db mice models of PDN were established by assessing the sciatic nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT), and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL). The results showed that PARP1 activity and mitochondrial injury of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were increased, and mitophagy was impaired in PDN mice. PARP1 was found to mediate the impairment of mitophagy in DRG neurons isolated from PDN mice. PARP1 inhibitors (PJ34 or AG14361) attenuated diabetes-induced peripheral nerve hyperalgesia, restored DRG neuron mitophagy function and decreased mitochondrial oxidative injury. Mitophagy impairment induced by lysosome deacidificant (DC661) aggravated diabetes-induced DRG neuron mitochondrial oxidative stress and injury. Taken together, our data revealed that PARP1 induced defective mitophagy of DRG neurons is a key mechanism in diabetes-induced peripheral neuropathic injury. Inhibition of PARP1 and restoration of mitophagy function are potential therapeutic targets for PDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Industrial Avenue Central 253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fuhu Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Pian Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Industrial Avenue Central 253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Keke Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Industrial Avenue Central 253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qinming Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lijin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhongjie Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Industrial Avenue Central 253, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong Province, China
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8
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Animal models of diabetic microvascular complications: Relevance to clinical features. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112305. [PMID: 34872802 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has become more common in recent years worldwide, and this growth is projected to continue in the future. The primary concern with diabetes is developing various complications, which significantly contribute to the disease's mortality and morbidity. Over time, the condition progresses from the pre-diabetic to the diabetic stage and then to the development of complications. Years and enormous resources are required to evaluate pharmacological interventions to prevent or delay the progression of disease or complications in humans. Appropriate screening models are required to gain a better understanding of both pathogenesis and potential therapeutic agents. Different species of animals are used to evaluate the pharmacological potentials and study the pathogenesis of the disease. Animal models are essential for research because they represent most of the structural, functional, and biochemical characteristics of human diseases. An ideal screening model should mimic the pathogenesis of the disease with identifiable characteristics. A thorough understanding of animal models is required for the experimental design to select an appropriate model. Each animal model has certain advantages and limitations. The present manuscript describes the animal models and their diagnostic characteristics to evaluate microvascular diabetic complications.
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Pang B, Qiao L, Wang S, Guo X, Xie Y, Han L. MiR-214-3p plays a protective role in diabetic neuropathic rats by regulating Nav1.3 and TLR4. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2294-2303. [PMID: 34296787 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the functions of miR-214-3p in diabetic neuropathic rodents. The diabetic neuropathy was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in rats, and miR-214-3p was delivered via tail vein injection of lentivirus. Hot or cold stimulus tests demonstrated that STZ induced thermal hyperalgesia. Neurophysiological measurements revealed that motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity and nerve blood flow were decreased in diabetic neuropathic rats. However, the STZ-induced hyperalgesia, and reduced nerve conduction velocity and nerve blood flow were all significantly reversed by miR-214-3p administration. HE staining, TUNEL, ELISA, and immunoblotting demonstrated that STZ led to obvious pathological lesion, cell apoptosis, and inflammation in dorsal root ganglion (DRG), evidenced by altered levels of apoptosis-related protein molecules and inflammatory factors, and activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88/nuclear factor kappa B signaling. The pathological alterations in diabetic neuropathic rats in DRG were significantly ameliorated by miR-214-3p application. In addition, sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha isoform 1 (Nav1.3) and TLR4 were identified as targets of miR-214-3p via dual-luciferase reporter assay. MiR-214-3p may play its roles by downregulating Nav1.3 and TLR4. In summary, miR-214-3p alleviated diabetes-induced nerve injury, and pathological lesion, cell apoptosis, and inflammation in DRG by regulating Nav1.3 and TLR4 in STZ-induced rats. These findings may provide novel therapeutic targets for clinical treatment of diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Qiao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaoxin Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liping Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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El-Sawaf ES, Saleh S, Abdallah DM, Ahmed KA, El-Abhar HS. Vitamin D and rosuvastatin obliterate peripheral neuropathy in a type-2 diabetes model through modulating Notch1, Wnt-10α, TGF-β and NRF-1 crosstalk. Life Sci 2021; 279:119697. [PMID: 34102194 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vitamin D and rosuvastatin are well-known drugs that mediate beneficial effects in treating type-2 diabetes (T2D) complications; however, their anti-neuropathic potential is debatable. Hence, our study investigates their neurotherapeutic potential and the possible underlying mechanisms using a T2D-associated neuropathy rat model. MAIN METHODS Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) was induced with 8 weeks of administration of a high fat fructose diet followed by a single i.p. injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Six weeks later, DPN developed and rats were divided into five groups; viz., control, untreated DPN, DPN treated with vitamin D (cholecalciferol, 3500 IU/kg/week), DPN treated with rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg/day), or DPN treated with combination vitamin D and rosuvastatin. We determined their anti-neuropathic effects on small nerves (tail flick test); large nerves (electrophysiological and histological examination); neuronal inflammation (TNF-α and IL-18); apoptosis (caspase-3 activity and Bcl-2); mitochondrial function (NRF-1, TFAM, mtDNA, and ATP); and NICD1, Wnt-10α/β-catenin, and TGF-β/Smad-7 pathways. KEY FINDINGS Two-month treatment with vitamin D and/or rosuvastatin regenerated neuronal function and architecture and abated neuronal inflammation and apoptosis. This was verified by the inhibition of the neuronal content of TNF-α, IL-18, and caspase-3 activity, while augmenting Bcl-2 content in the sciatic nerve. These treatments inhibited the protein expressions of NICD1, Wnt-10α, β-catenin, and TGF-β; increased the sciatic nerve content of Smad-7; and enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and function. SIGNIFICANCE Vitamin D and/or rosuvastatin alleviated diabetes-induced neuropathy by suppressing Notch1 and Wnt-10α/β-catenin; modulating TGF-β/Smad-7 signaling pathways; and enhancing mitochondrial function, which lessened neuronal degeneration, demyelination, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engie S El-Sawaf
- Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samira Saleh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Dalaal M Abdallah
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan S El-Abhar
- Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Zhang Y, Li C, Qin Y, Cepparulo P, Millman M, Chopp M, Kemper A, Szalad A, Lu X, Wang L, Zhang ZG. Small extracellular vesicles ameliorate peripheral neuropathy and enhance chemotherapy of oxaliplatin on ovarian cancer. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12073. [PMID: 33728031 PMCID: PMC7931803 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no effective treatments for chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) facilitate intercellular communication and mediate nerve function and tumour progression. We found that the treatment of mice bearing ovarian tumour with sEVs derived from cerebral endothelial cells (CEC-sEVs) in combination with a chemo-drug, oxaliplatin, robustly reduced oxaliplatin-induced CIPN by decreasing oxaliplatin-damaged myelination and nerve fibres of the sciatic nerve and significantly amplified chemotherapy of oxaliplatin by reducing tumour size. The combination therapy substantially increased a set of sEV cargo-enriched miRNAs, but significantly reduced oxaliplatin-increased proteins in the sciatic nerve and tumour tissues. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the altered miRNAs and proteins formed two distinct networks that regulate neuropathy and tumour growth, respectively. Intravenously administered CEC-sEVs were internalized by axons of the sciatic nerve and cancer cells. Reduction of CEC-sEV cargo miRNAs abolished the effects of CEC-sEVs on oxaliplatin-inhibited axonal growth and on amplification of the anti-cancer effect in ovarian cancer cells, suggesting that alterations in the networks of miRNAs and proteins in recipient cells contribute to the therapeutic effect of CEC-sEVs on CIPN. Together, the present study demonstrates that CEC-sEVs suppressed CIPN and enhanced chemotherapy of oxaliplatin in the mouse bearing ovarian tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of NeurologyHenry Ford Health SystemDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Chao Li
- Department of NeurologyHenry Ford Health SystemDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of NeurologyHenry Ford Health SystemDetroitMichiganUSA
| | | | | | - Michael Chopp
- Department of NeurologyHenry Ford Health SystemDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of PhysicsOakland UniversityRochesterMichiganUSA
| | - Amy Kemper
- Department of PathologyHenry Ford Health SystemDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Alexandra Szalad
- Department of NeurologyHenry Ford Health SystemDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Xuerong Lu
- Department of NeurologyHenry Ford Health SystemDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of NeurologyHenry Ford Health SystemDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of NeurologyHenry Ford Health SystemDetroitMichiganUSA
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12
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Kim SY, Wee JH, Min C, Yoo DM, Choi HG. Relationship between Bell's Palsy and Previous Statin Use: A Case/Non-Case Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228408. [PMID: 33202921 PMCID: PMC7696239 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We intended to determine the relationship between previous statin use and Bell’s palsy in a large study population receiving statins for the past 2 years. The Korean National Health Insurance Service—Health Screening Cohort data from 2002 to 2015 were collected. Participants with Bell’s palsy (n = 3203) were matched with participants without Bell’s palsy (n = 12,812). The number of days of previous statin use for 2 years before the onset of Bell’s palsy was analyzed using conditional logistic regression. Subgroups of age, sex, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, total cholesterol, and blood pressure were analyzed for any association between Bell’s palsy and prior statin use. The Bell’s palsy group reported greater statin use than the non-Bell’s palsy group (84.6 (standard deviation, SD = 201.7) vs. 74.4(SD = 189.4), p = 0.009). Previous statin use was associated with Bell’s palsy in the crude model (95% confidence intervals = 1.03–1.19, p = 0.006). However, this relationship disappeared when the possible covariates were adjusted for in model 2. All subgroups showed no increased odds for Bell’s palsy in previous statin users. We did not find an association between Bell’s palsy and previous statin use in this Korean population aged ≥40 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea;
| | - Jee Hye Wee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, 22, Gwanpyeong-ro 170beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Anyang 14068, Korea;
| | - Chanyang Min
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea; (C.M.); (D.-M.Y.)
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dae-Myoung Yoo
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea; (C.M.); (D.-M.Y.)
| | - Hyo Geun Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, 22, Gwanpyeong-ro 170beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Anyang 14068, Korea;
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea; (C.M.); (D.-M.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-380-3849
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13
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Pergolizzi JV, Magnusson P, LeQuang JA, Razmi R, Zampogna G, Taylor R. Statins and Neuropathic Pain: A Narrative Review. Pain Ther 2020; 9:97-111. [PMID: 32020545 PMCID: PMC7203325 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-020-00153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequently prescribed drug class of statins have pleiotropic effects and have been implicated in neuropathic pain syndromes. This narrative review examines studies of statin-induced neuropathic pain which to date have been conducted only in animal models. However, the pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy in humans may shed some light on the etiology of neuropathic pain. Statins have exhibited a paradoxical effect in that statins appear to reduce neuropathic pain in animals but have been associated with neuropathic pain in humans. While there are certain postulated mechanisms offering elucidation as to how statins might be associated with neuropathic pain, there is, as the American Heart Association stated, to date no definitive association between statins and neuropathic pain. Statins are important drugs that reduce cardiovascular risk factors and should be prescribed to appropriate patients with these risk factors but some of this population is also at elevated risk for neuropathic pain from other causes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Magnusson
- Cardiology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Research and Development, Region Gävleborg/Uppsala University, Gävle, Sweden
| | | | - Robin Razmi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Region Gävleborg/Uppsala University, Gävle, Sweden
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14
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Wang C, Xu X, Chen J, Kang Y, Guo J, Duscher D, Yang X, Guo G, Ren S, Xiong H, Yuan M, Jiang T, Machens HG, Chen Z, Chen Y. The Construction and Analysis of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Competing Endogenous RNA Network of Schwann Cells in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:490. [PMID: 32523943 PMCID: PMC7261901 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide disease with high incidence. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common but often ignored complications of diabetes mellitus that cause numbness and pain, even paralysis. Recent studies demonstrate that Schwann cells (SCs) in the peripheral nervous system play an essential role in the pathogenesis of DPN. Furthermore, various transcriptome analyses constructed by RNA-seq or microarray have provided a comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms and regulatory interaction networks involved in many diseases. However, the detailed mechanisms and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network of SCs in DPN remain largely unknown. Methods Whole-transcriptome sequencing technology was applied to systematically analyze the differentially expressed mRNAs, lncRNAs and miRNAs in SCs from DPN rats and control rats. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were used to investigate the potential functions of the differentially expressed genes. Following this, lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network and ceRNA regulatory network were constructed by bioinformatics analysis methods. Results The results showed that 2925 mRNAs, 164 lncRNAs and 49 miRNAs were significantly differently expressed in SCs from DPN rats compared with control rats. 13 mRNAs, 7 lncRNAs and 7 miRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR and consistent with the RNA-seq data. Functional and pathway analyses revealed that many enriched biological processes of GO terms and pathways were highly correlated with the function of SCs and the pathogenesis of DPN. Furthermore, a global lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA ceRNA regulatory network in DPN model was constructed and miR-212-5p and the significantly correlated lncRNAs with high degree were identified as key mediators in the pathophysiological processes of SCs in DPN. These RNAs would contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of DPN. Conclusion Our study has shown that differentially expressed RNAs have complex interactions among them. They also play critical roles in regulating functions of SCs involved in the pathogenesis of DPN. The novel competitive endogenous RNA network provides new insight for exploring the underlying molecular mechanism of DPN and further investigation may have clinical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Kang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahe Guo
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dominik Duscher
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guojun Guo
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sen Ren
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hewei Xiong
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hans-Günther Machens
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhenbing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Wang L, Chopp M, Szalad A, Lu X, Zhang Y, Wang X, Cepparulo P, Lu M, Li C, Zhang ZG. Exosomes Derived From Schwann Cells Ameliorate Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Diabetes 2020; 69:749-759. [PMID: 31915154 PMCID: PMC7085247 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cell-derived exosomes communicate with dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. The current study investigated the therapeutic effect of exosomes derived from healthy Schwann cells (SC-Exos) on diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). We found that intravenous administration of SC-Exos to type 2 diabetic db/db mice with peripheral neuropathy remarkably ameliorated DPN by improving sciatic nerve conduction velocity and increasing thermal and mechanical sensitivity. These functional improvements were associated with the augmentation of epidermal nerve fibers and remyelination of sciatic nerves. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis of sciatic nerve tissues showed that SC-Exo treatment reversed diabetes-reduced mature form of miRNA (miR)-21, -27a, and -146a and diabetes-increased semaphorin 6A (SEMA6A); Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA); phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN); and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). In vitro data showed that SC-Exos promoted neurite outgrowth of diabetic DRG neurons and migration of Schwann cells challenged by high glucose. Collectively, these novel data provide evidence that SC-Exos have a therapeutic effect on DPN in mice and suggest that SC-Exo modulation of miRs contributes to this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI
| | | | - XueRong Lu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Xinli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Mei Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
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16
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Walton DM, Minton SD, Cook AD. The potential of transdermal nitric oxide treatment for diabetic peripheral neuropathy and diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:3053-3056. [PMID: 30030157 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Center for Disease Control (CDC) estimates that 29 million Americans have diabetes, and 70% of diabetic patients develop diabetic peripheral neuropathy [1,2]. Up to 27% of the direct medical cost of diabetes may be attributed to DPN [3]. A 2013 article from the American Diabetes Association reported a $176 billion direct medical cost of diabetes in 2012 [4]. DPN patients often suffer from shooting and burning pain in their distal limbs and a severe loss of sensation. Diabetic foot ulcers, infections, and amputations may follow. Currently available treatments: tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants such as gabapentin and pregabalin, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, duloxetine, topical 5% lidocaine (applied to the most painful area) can manage painful symptoms but do not address the underlying pathologies of DPN and diabetic wound ulcers. A combination of pain-reducing medications can provide relief when individual medications fail, and opioids such as tramadol and oxycodone may be administered with these medications to reduce pain [5]. Due to the prevalence of diabetes, DPN, and diabetic foot ulcers, and because of the lack of available effective treatments to directly address the pathology contributing to these conditions, novel treatments are being sought. Our hypothesis is that a deficiency of nitric oxide synthase in diabetic patients leads to a lack of vascularization of the peripheral nerves, which causes DPN; and this could be treated with vasodilators such as nitric oxide. In this paper, the mechanisms of DPN are reviewed and analyzed to elucidate the potential of a transdermal nitric oxide application for the treatment of DPN and diabetic wound ulcers by increasing vasodilation.
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17
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Pham VM, Matsumura S, Katano T, Funatsu N, Ito S. Diabetic neuropathy research: from mouse models to targets for treatment. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1870-1879. [PMID: 31290436 PMCID: PMC6676867 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.259603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most serious complications of diabetes, and its increase shows no sign of stopping. Furthermore, current clinical treatments do not yet approach the best effectiveness. Thus, the development of better strategies for treating diabetic neuropathy is an urgent matter. In this review, we first discuss the advantages and disadvantages of some major mouse models of diabetic neuropathy and then address the targets for mechanism-based treatment that have been studied. We also introduce our studies on each part. Using stem cells as a source of neurotrophic factors to target extrinsic factors of diabetic neuropathy, we found that they present a promising treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuong M Pham
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan; Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shinji Matsumura
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tayo Katano
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuo Funatsu
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiji Ito
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata; Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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18
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Wang L, Chopp M, Lu X, Szalad A, Jia L, Liu XS, Wu KH, Lu M, Zhang ZG. miR-146a mediates thymosin β4 induced neurovascular remodeling of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type-II diabetic mice. Brain Res 2018; 1707:198-207. [PMID: 30500399 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes induces neurovascular dysfunction leading to peripheral neuropathy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) affect many biological processes and the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. In the present study, we investigated whether thymosin-β4 (Tβ4) ameliorates diabetic peripheral neuropathy and whether miR-146a mediates the effect of Tβ4 on improved neurovascular function. Male Type II diabetic BKS. Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J (db/db) mice at age 20 weeks were treated with Tβ4 for 8 consecutive weeks, and db/db mice treated with saline were used as a control group. Compared to non-diabetic mice, diabetic mice exhibited substantially reduced miR-146a expression, and increased IL-1R-associated kinase-1 (IRAK1), tumor necrosis factor (TNFR)-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) levels and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB) activity in sciatic nerve tissues. Treatment of diabetic mice with Tβ4 significantly elevated miR-146a levels and overcame the effect of diabetes on these proteins. Tβ4 treatment substantially improved motor and sensory conduction velocity of the sciatic nerve, which was associated with improvements in sensory function. Tβ4 treatment significantly increased intraepidermal nerve fiber density and augmented local blood flow and the density of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran perfused vessels in the sciatic nerve tissue. In vitro, treatment of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and mouse dermal endothelial cells (MDEs) with Tβ4 significantly increased axonal outgrowth and capillary-like tube formation, whereas blocking miR-146a attenuated Tβ4-induced axonal outgrowth and capillary tube formation, respectively. Our data indicate that miR-146a may mediate Tβ4-induced neurovascular remodeling in diabetic mice, by suppressing pro-inflammatory signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, United States.
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, United States; Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, United States
| | - XueRong Lu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Alexandra Szalad
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - LongFei Jia
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Xian Shuang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Kuan-Han Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
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19
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Investigative Study on Nitric Oxide Production in Human Dermal Fibroblast Cells under Normal and High Glucose Conditions. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:medsci6040099. [PMID: 30423993 PMCID: PMC6313404 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6040099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a major health problem associated with diabetes mellitus. Impaired nitric oxide (NO) production has been shown to be a major contributor to the dysregulation of healing in DFU. The level of impairment is not known primarily due to challenges with measuring NO. Herein, we report the actual level of NO produced by human dermal fibroblasts cultured under normal and high glucose conditions. Fibroblasts produce the extracellular matrix, which facilitate the migration of keratinocytes to close wounds. The results show that NO production was significantly higher in normal glucose compared to high glucose conditions. The real-time NO detected was compared to the nitrite present in the culture media and there was a direct correlation between real-time NO and nitrite in normal glucose conditions. However, real-time NO detection and nitrite measurement did not correlate under high glucose conditions. The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme responsible for NO production was upregulated in normal and high glucose conditions and the proliferation rate of fibroblasts was not statistically different in all the treatment groups. Relying only on nitrite to assess NO production is not an accurate determinant of the NO present in the wound bed in pathological states such as diabetes mellitus.
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20
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Wang L, Chopp M, Szalad A, Lu X, Lu M, Zhang T, Zhang ZG. Angiopoietin-1/Tie2 signaling pathway contributes to the therapeutic effect of thymosin β4 on diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Neurosci Res 2018; 147:1-8. [PMID: 30326249 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) and its receptor Tie2 regulate vascular function. Our previous study demonstrated that thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) ameliorates neurological function of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of Tβ4 on diabetic peripheral neuropathy have not been fully investigated. The present in vivo study investigated whether the Ang1/Tie2 signaling pathway is involved in Tβ4-improved neurovascular remodeling in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetic BKS. Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J (db/db) mice at age 20 weeks were treated with Tβ4 and neutralizing antibody against mouse Tie2 for 4 consecutive weeks. Neurological functional and neurovascular remodeling were measured. Administration of the neutralizing antibody against Tie2 attenuated the therapeutic effect of Tβ4 on improved diabetic peripheral neuropathy as measured by motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity and thermal hypoesthesia compared to diabetic db/db mice treated with Tβ4 only. Histopathological analysis revealed that the neutralizing antibody against Tie2 abolished Tβ4-increased microvascular density in sciatic nerve and intraepidermal nerve fiber density, which were associated with suppression of Tβ4-upregulated occludin expression and Tβ4-reduced protein levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1). Our data provide in vivo evidence that the Ang1/Tie2 pathway contributes to the therapeutic effect of Tβ4 on diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, USA.
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, USA; Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | | | - XueRong Lu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, USA
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Talan Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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21
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Elhawary AHM, Ibrahim AN, Attallah MI. Comparative Study between the Effect of Pentoxifylline versus Diltiazem versus Rosuvastatin on the Development and Progression of Nephropathy in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.11131/2018/101367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Hamid M. Elhawary
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Qalubiya, Egypt
| | - Amany N. Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Qalubiya, Egypt
| | - Magdy I. Attallah
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr Alainy, Cairo, Egypt
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22
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Hasanvand A, Ahmadizar F, Abbaszadeh A, Amini-Khoei H, Goudarzi M, Abbasnezhad A, Choghakhori R. The Antinociceptive Effects of Rosuvastatin in Chronic Constriction Injury Model of Male Rats. Basic Clin Neurosci 2018; 9:251-260. [PMID: 30519383 PMCID: PMC6276538 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.4.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: According to studies, statins possess analgesics and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we examined the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of rosuvastatin in an experimental model of Chronic Constriction Injury (CCI). Methods: Our study was conducted on four groups; sham, CCI (the control group), CCI+rosuvastatin (i.p. 5 mg/kg), and CCI+rosuvastatin (i.p. 10 mg/kg). We performed heat hyperalgesia, cold and mechanical allodynia tests on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st after inducing CCI. Blood samples were collected to measure the serum levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, and Interleukin (IL)-6. Rats’ spinal cords were also examined to measure tissue concentration of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) enzymes. Results: Our findings showed that CCI resulted in significant increase in heat hyperalgesia, cold and mechanical allodynia on the 7th, 14th and 21st day. Rosuvastatin use attenuated the CCI-induced hyperalgesia and allodynia. Rosuvastatin use also resulted in reduction of TNF-α, IL-6, and MDA levels. However, rosuvastatin therapy increased the concentration of SOD and GPx in the CCI+Ros (5 mg/kg) and the CCI+Ros (10 mg/kg) groups compared to the CCI group. Conclusion: Rosuvastatin attenuated the CCI-induced neuropathic pain and inflammation. Thus, antinociceptive effects of rosuvastatin might be channeled through inhibition of inflammatory biomarkers and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Hasanvand
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Fariba Ahmadizar
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Abolfazl Abbaszadeh
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amir Abbasnezhad
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Razieh Choghakhori
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Liu XS, Fan B, Szalad A, Jia L, Wang L, Wang X, Pan W, Zhang L, Zhang R, Hu J, Zhang XM, Chopp M, Zhang ZG. MicroRNA-146a Mimics Reduce the Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Diabetes 2017; 66:3111-3121. [PMID: 28899883 PMCID: PMC5697943 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-146a (miR-146a) regulates multiple immune diseases. However, the role of miR-146a in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) has not been investigated. We found that mice (db/db) with type 2 diabetes exhibited substantial downregulation of miR-146a in sciatic nerve tissue. Systemic administration of miR-146a mimics to diabetic mice elevated miR-146a levels in plasma and sciatic nerve tissue and substantially increased motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities by 29 and 11%, respectively, and regional blood flow by 50% in sciatic nerve tissue. Treatment with miR-146a mimics also considerably decreased the response in db/db mice to thermal stimuli thresholds. Histopathological analysis showed that miR-146a mimics markedly augmented the density of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran-perfused blood vessels and increased the number of intraepidermal nerve fibers, myelin thickness, and axonal diameters of sciatic nerves. In addition, miR-146a treatment reduced and increased classically and alternatively activated macrophage phenotype markers, respectively. Analysis of miRNA target array revealed that miR-146a mimics greatly suppressed expression of many proinflammatory genes and downstream related cytokines. Collectively, our data indicate that treatment of diabetic mice with miR-146a mimics robustly reduces DPN and that suppression of hyperglycemia-induced proinflammatory genes by miR-146a mimics may underlie its therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Shuang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - Baoyan Fan
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Longfei Jia
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - Xinli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - Wanlong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - Ruilan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - Jiani Hu
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Xiao Ming Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI
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24
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Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells for Treating Diabetic Neuropathy in Metabolic Syndrome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8945310. [PMID: 29098161 PMCID: PMC5643093 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8945310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common and serious complications of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. The current therapy strategies, including glucose control and pain management, are not effective for most patients. Growing evidence suggests that infiltration of inflammation factors and deficiency of local neurotrophic and angiogenic factors contribute significantly to the pathologies of diabetic neuropathy. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMCs) therapy represents a novel and promising strategy for tissue repair through paracrine secretion of multiple cytokines, which has a potential to inhibit inflammation and promote angiogenesis and neurotrophy in diabetic neuropathy. In this review, we discuss the clinical practice in diabetic neuropathy and the therapeutic effect of BMC. We subsequently illustrate the functional impairment of autologous BMCs due to the interrupted bone marrow niche in diabetic neuropathy. We anticipate that the functional restoration of BMCs could improve their therapeutic effect and enable their wide applications in diabetic neuropathy.
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25
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Hinder LM, O'Brien PD, Hayes JM, Backus C, Solway AP, Sims-Robinson C, Feldman EL. Dietary reversal of neuropathy in a murine model of prediabetes and metabolic syndrome. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:717-725. [PMID: 28381495 PMCID: PMC5483005 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.028530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with metabolic syndrome, which is defined as obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), can develop the same macro- and microvascular complications as patients with type 2 diabetes, including peripheral neuropathy. In type 2 diabetes, glycemic control has little effect on the development and progression of peripheral neuropathy, suggesting that other metabolic syndrome components may contribute to the presence of neuropathy. A parallel phenomenon is observed in patients with prediabetes and metabolic syndrome, where improvement in weight and dyslipidemia more closely correlates with restoration of nerve function than improvement in glycemic status. The goal of the current study was to develop a murine model that resembles the human condition. We examined longitudinal parameters of metabolic syndrome and neuropathy development in six mouse strains/genotypes (BKS-wt, BKS-Leprdb/+ , B6-wt, B6-Leprdb/+ , BTBR-wt, and BTBR-Lepob/+ ) fed a 54% high-fat diet (HFD; from lard). All mice fed a HFD developed large-fiber neuropathy and IGT. Changes appeared early and consistently in B6-wt mice, and paralleled the onset of neuropathy. At 36 weeks, B6-wt mice displayed all components of the metabolic syndrome, including obesity, IGT, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia and oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLDLs). Dietary reversal, whereby B6-wt mice fed a HFD from 4-20 weeks of age were switched to standard chow for 4 weeks, completely normalized neuropathy, promoted weight loss, improved insulin sensitivity, and restored LDL cholesterol and oxLDL by 50% compared with levels in HFD control mice. This dietary reversal model provides the basis for mechanistic studies investigating peripheral nerve damage in the setting of metabolic syndrome, and ultimately the development of mechanism-based therapies for neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy M Hinder
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Phillipe D O'Brien
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John M Hayes
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Carey Backus
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Andrew P Solway
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Catrina Sims-Robinson
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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26
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Rayegan S, Dehpour AR, Sharifi AM. Studying neuroprotective effect of Atorvastatin as a small molecule drug on high glucose-induced neurotoxicity in undifferentiated PC12 cells: role of NADPH oxidase. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:41-49. [PMID: 27476541 PMCID: PMC7102122 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9883-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation has been considered the essential mechanism induced by hyperglycemia in various tissues. However, there is no comprehensive study on the role of NOXs in high glucose (HG)-induced toxic effect in neural tissues. Recently, a therapeutic strategy in oxidative related pathologies has been introduced by blocking the undesirable actions of NOX enzymes by small molecules. The protective roles of Statins in ameliorating oxidative stress by NOX inhibition have been shown in some tissues except neural. We hypothesized then, that different NOXs may have role in HG-induced neural cell injury. Furthermore, we postulate that Atorvastatin as a small molecule may modulate this NOXs activity to protect neural cells. Undifferentiated PC12 cells were treated with HG (140 mM/24 h) in the presence and absence of Atorvastatin (1 μM/96 h). The cell viability was measured by MTT assay and the gene and protein expressions profile of NOX (1-4) were determined by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Levels of ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also evaluated. Gene and protein expression levels of NOX (1-4) and consequently ROS and MDA levels were elevated in HG-treated PC12 cells. Atorvastatin could significantly decrease HG-induced NOXs, ROS and MDA elevation and improve impaired cell viability. It can be concluded that HG could elevate NOXs activity, ROS and MDA levels in neural tissues and Atorvastatin as a small molecule NOX inhibitor drug may prevent and delay diabetic complications, particularly neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Rayegan
- Razi Drug Research Center and Dept. of Pharmacology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Sharifi
- Razi Drug Research Center and Dept. of Pharmacology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Tissue engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Tissue engineering group, Department of Orthopedics surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala lumpur, Malaysia.
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27
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Wang L, Chopp M, Szalad A, Lu X, Jia L, Lu M, Zhang RL, Zhang ZG. Tadalafil Promotes the Recovery of Peripheral Neuropathy in Type II Diabetic Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159665. [PMID: 27438594 PMCID: PMC4954704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with the short (4 hours) half-life phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, sildenafil, improved functional outcome in diabetic db/db mice. To further examine the effect of PDE5 inhibition on diabetic peripheral neuropathy, we investigated the effect of another potent PDE5 inhibitor, tadalafil, on diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Tadalafil is pharmacokinetically distinct from sildenafil and has a longer half-life (17+hours) than sildenafil. Diabetic mice (BKS.Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J, db/db) at age 20 weeks were treated with tadalafil every 48 hours for 8 consecutive weeks. Compared with diabetic mice treated with saline, tadalafil treatment significantly improved motor and sensory conduction velocities in the sciatic nerve and peripheral thermal sensitivity. Tadalafil treatment also markedly increased local blood flow and the density of FITC-dextran perfused vessels in the sciatic nerve concomitantly with increased intraepidermal nerve fiber density. Moreover, tadalafil reversed the diabetes-induced reductions of axon diameter and myelin thickness and reversed the diabetes-induced increased g-ratio in the sciatic nerve. Furthermore, tadalafil enhanced diabetes-reduced nerve growth factor (NGF) and platelet-derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C) protein levels in diabetic sciatic nerve tissue. The present study demonstrates that tadalafil increases regional blood flow in the sciatic nerve tissue, which may contribute to the improvement of peripheral nerve function and the amelioration of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, 48309, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Szalad
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States of America
| | - XueRong Lu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States of America
| | - LongFei Jia
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States of America
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States of America
| | - Rui Lan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States of America
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States of America
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Nagata H, Ii M, Kohbayashi E, Hoshiga M, Hanafusa T, Asahi M. Cardiac Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Exhibit High Differentiation Potential to Cardiovascular Cells in C57BL/6 Mice. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 5:141-51. [PMID: 26683873 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (AdSCs) have recently been shown to differentiate into cardiovascular lineage cells. However, little is known about the fat tissue origin-dependent differences in AdSC function and differentiation potential. AdSC-rich cells were isolated from subcutaneous, visceral, cardiac (CA), and subscapular adipose tissue from mice and their characteristics analyzed. After four different AdSC types were cultured with specific differentiation medium, immunocytochemical analysis was performed for the assessment of differentiation into cardiovascular cells. We then examined the in vitro differentiation capacity and therapeutic potential of AdSCs in ischemic myocardium using a mouse myocardial infarction model. The cell density and proliferation activity of CA-derived AdSCs were significantly increased compared with the other adipose tissue-derived AdSCs. Immunocytochemistry showed that CA-derived AdSCs had the highest appearance rates of markers for endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and cardiomyocytes among the AdSCs. Systemic transfusion of CA-derived AdSCs exhibited the highest cardiac functional recovery after myocardial infarction and the high frequency of the recruitment to ischemic myocardium. Moreover, long-term follow-up of the recruited CA-derived AdSCs frequently expressed cardiovascular cell markers compared with the other adipose tissue-derived AdSCs. Cardiac adipose tissue could be an ideal source for isolation of therapeutically effective AdSCs for cardiac regeneration in ischemic heart diseases. Significance: The present study found that cardiac adipose-derived stem cells have a high potential to differentiate into cardiovascular lineage cells (i.e., cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells) compared with stem cells derived from other adipose tissue such as subcutaneous, visceral, and subscapular adipose tissue. Notably, only a small number of supracardiac adipose-derived stem cells that were systemically transplanted sufficiently improved cardiac functional recovery after myocardial infarction, differentiating into cardiovascular cells in the ischemic myocardium. These findings suggest a new autologous stem cell therapy for patients with myocardial ischemia, especially those with secondary myocardial ischemia after cardiovascular open chest surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nagata
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan Department of Internal Medicine (I), Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ii
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiko Kohbayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hoshiga
- Department of Internal Medicine (III), Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Hanafusa
- Department of Internal Medicine (I), Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michio Asahi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
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29
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Han JW, Choi D, Lee MY, Huh YH, Yoon YS. Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Diabetic Neuropathy by Direct Modulation of Both Angiogenesis and Myelination in Peripheral Nerves. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:313-26. [PMID: 25975801 PMCID: PMC4889908 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x688209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has suggested that diabetic neuropathy (DN) is pathophysiologically related to both impaired angiogenesis and a deficiency of neurotrophic factors in the nerves. It is widely known that vascular and neural growths are intimately associated. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote angiogenesis in ischemic diseases and have neuroprotective effects, particularly on Schwann cells. Accordingly, we investigated whether DN could be improved by local transplantation of MSCs by augmenting angiogenesis and neural regeneration such as remyelination. In sciatic nerves of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities (NCVs) and capillary density were reduced, and axonal atrophy and demyelination were observed. After injection of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) into hindlimb muscles, NCVs were restored to near-normal levels. Histological examination demonstrated that injected MSCs were preferentially and durably engrafted in the sciatic nerves, and a portion of the engrafted MSCs were distinctively localized close to vasa nervora of sciatic nerves. Furthermore, vasa nervora increased in density, and the ultrastructure of myelinated fibers in nerves was observed to be restored. Real-time RT-PCR experiments showed that gene expression of multiple factors involved in angiogenesis, neural function, and myelination were increased in the MSC-injected nerves. These findings suggest that MSC transplantation improved DN through direct peripheral nerve angiogenesis, neurotrophic effects, and restoration of myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Woong Han
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dabin Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Min Young Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-sup Yoon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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30
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Østergaard L, Finnerup NB, Terkelsen AJ, Olesen RA, Drasbek KR, Knudsen L, Jespersen SN, Frystyk J, Charles M, Thomsen RW, Christiansen JS, Beck-Nielsen H, Jensen TS, Andersen H. The effects of capillary dysfunction on oxygen and glucose extraction in diabetic neuropathy. Diabetologia 2015; 58:666-77. [PMID: 25512003 PMCID: PMC4351434 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is associated with disturbances in endoneurial metabolism and microvascular morphology, but the roles of these factors in the aetiopathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy remain unclear. Changes in endoneurial capillary morphology and vascular reactivity apparently predate the development of diabetic neuropathy in humans, and in manifest neuropathy, reductions in nerve conduction velocity correlate with the level of endoneurial hypoxia. The idea that microvascular changes cause diabetic neuropathy is contradicted, however, by reports of elevated endoneurial blood flow in early experimental diabetes, and of unaffected blood flow when early histological signs of neuropathy first develop in humans. We recently showed that disturbances in capillary flow patterns, so-called capillary dysfunction, can reduce the amount of oxygen and glucose that can be extracted by the tissue for a given blood flow. In fact, tissue blood flow must be adjusted to ensure sufficient oxygen extraction as capillary dysfunction becomes more severe, thereby changing the normal relationship between tissue oxygenation and blood flow. This review examines the evidence of capillary dysfunction in diabetic neuropathy, and whether the observed relation between endoneurial blood flow and nerve function is consistent with increasingly disturbed capillary flow patterns. The analysis suggests testable relations between capillary dysfunction, tissue hypoxia, aldose reductase activity, oxidative stress, tissue inflammation and glucose clearance from blood. We discuss the implications of these predictions in relation to the prevention and management of diabetic complications in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and suggest ways of testing these hypotheses in experimental and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif Østergaard
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Building 10G, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark,
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31
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Wang L, Chopp M, Szalad A, Jia L, Lu X, Lu M, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Zhang ZG. Sildenafil ameliorates long term peripheral neuropathy in type II diabetic mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118134. [PMID: 25689401 PMCID: PMC4331563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of long-standing diabetes mellitus. To mimic clinical trials in which patients with diabetes enrolled have advanced peripheral neuropathy, we investigated the effect of sildenafil, a specific inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 enzyme, on long term peripheral neuropathy in middle aged male mice with type II diabetes. Treatment of diabetic mice (BKS.Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J, db/db) at age 36 weeks with sildenafil significantly increased functional blood vessels and regional blood flow in the sciatic nerve, concurrently with augmentation of intra-epidermal nerve fiber density in the skin and myelinated axons in the sciatic nerve. Functional analysis showed that the sildenafil treatment considerably improved motor and sensory conduction velocities in the sciatic nerve and peripheral thermal stimulus sensitivity compared with the saline treatment. In vitro studies showed that mouse dermal endothelial cells (MDE) cultured under high glucose levels exhibited significant down regulation of angiopoietin 1 (Ang1) expression and reduction of capillary-like tube formation, which were completely reversed by sildenafil. In addition, incubation of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons with conditioned medium harvested from MDE under high glucose levels suppressed neurite outgrowth, where as conditional medium harvested from MDE treated with sildenafil under high glucose levels did not inhibit neurite outgrowth of DRG neurons. Moreover, blockage of the Ang1 receptor, Tie2, with a neutralized antibody against Tie2 abolished the beneficial effect of sildenafil on tube formation and neurite outgrowth. Collectively, our data indicate that sildenafil has a therapeutic effect on long term peripheral neuropathy of middle aged diabetic mice and that improvement of neurovascular dysfunction by sildenafil likely contributes to the amelioration of nerve function. The Ang1/Tie2 signaling pathway may play an important role in these restorative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, 48309, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Szalad
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States of America
| | - LongFei Jia
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States of America
| | - XueRong Lu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States of America
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States of America
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States of America
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States of America
| | - RuiLan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States of America
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States of America
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Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication of diabetes and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. DPN is characterized by progressive, distal-to-proximal degeneration of peripheral nerves that leads to pain, weakness, and eventual loss of sensation. The mechanisms underlying DPN pathogenesis are uncertain, and other than tight glycemic control in type 1 patients, there is no effective treatment. Mouse models of type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are critical to improving our understanding of DPN pathophysiology and developing novel treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss the most widely used T1DM and T2DM mouse models for DPN research, with emphasis on the main neurologic phenotype of each model. We also discuss important considerations for selecting appropriate models for T1DM and T2DM DPN studies and describe the promise of novel emerging diabetic mouse models for DPN research. The development, characterization, and comprehensive neurologic phenotyping of clinically relevant mouse models for T1DM and T2DM will provide valuable resources for future studies examining DPN pathogenesis and novel therapeutic strategies.
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33
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Wang L, Chopp M, Jia L, Lu X, Szalad A, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Zhang ZG. Therapeutic Benefit of Extended Thymosin β4 Treatment Is Independent of Blood Glucose Level in Mice with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:173656. [PMID: 25945352 PMCID: PMC4405294 DOI: 10.1155/2015/173656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus. To investigated the efficacy and safety of the extended treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with thymosin β4 (Tβ4), male diabetic mice (db/db) at the age of 24 weeks were treated with Tβ4 or saline for 16 consecutive weeks. Treatment of diabetic mice with Tβ4 significantly improved motor (MCV) and sensory (SCV) conduction velocity in the sciatic nerve and the thermal and mechanical latency. However, Tβ4 treatment did not significantly alter blood glucose levels. Treatment with Tβ4 significantly increased intraepidermal nerve fiber density. Furthermore, Tβ4 counteracted the diabetes-induced axon diameter and myelin thickness reductions and the g-ratio increase in sciatic nerve. In vitro, compared with dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons derived from nondiabetic mice, DRG neurons derived from diabetic mice exhibited significantly decreased neurite outgrowth, whereas Tβ4 promoted neurite growth in these diabetic DRG neurons. Blockage of the Ang1/Tie2 signaling pathway with a neutralized antibody against Tie2 abolished Tβ4-increased neurite outgrowth. Our data demonstrate that extended Tβ4 treatment ameliorates diabetic-induced axonal degeneration and demyelination, which likely contribute to therapeutic effect of Tβ4 on diabetic neuropathy. The Ang1/Tie2 pathway may mediate Tβ4-induced axonal remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- *Lei Wang:
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Longfei Jia
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Xuerong Lu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Alexandra Szalad
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - RuiLan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Statins: Do They Aggravate or Ameliorate Neuropathic Pain? THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2014; 15:1069-1080. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Rosales-Hernandez A, Cheung A, Podgorny P, Chan C, Toth C. Absence of clinical relationship between oxidized low density lipoproteins and diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a case control study. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:32. [PMID: 24520839 PMCID: PMC3933384 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathophysiology of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is complex and uncertain. A potential comorbidity in diabetes mellitus (DM) that may contribute to greater severity of DPN is a lipid disorder, such as with elevated cholesterol, low density lipoproteins or triglycerides. Oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is a form of cholesterol that exerts direct toxic effects and contributes to pathogenicity through ligating a receptor called lectin-like receptor (LOX-1). Methods We examined plasma oxLDL levels in cohorts of patients with DPN with neuropathic pain (NeP), DPN patients without NeP, DM patients without DPN, patients with idiopathic peripheral neuropathy, and control subjects without DM or neuropathy. Our outcome measure was extent of oxLDL elevation, measured as fasting with Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbant Assay (ELISA) studies. Severity of diabetes was assessed using hemoglobin A1C measurements. Neuropathic severity was measured with the Utah Early Neuropathy Score (UENS). We hypothesized that DPN presence would be associated with oxLDL elevations. Results A total of 115 subjects (47 with DPN and NeP, 23 with DPN without NeP, 12 with diabetes only, 13 with idiopathic peripheral neuropathy, and 20 control subjects without diabetes or neuropathy) were studied. Duration of diabetes and diabetic glycemic measures were similar between populations with DM. Severity of DPN was similar between cohorts with DPN and NeP and DPN without NeP. Plasma oxLDL levels were similar between all cohorts, without any elevation in the presence of DM noted in any cohort with DM. Conclusions oxLDL levels are not different in patients with DPN, and their lack of greater presence suggests that any pathogenic role in human DPN is likely limited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cory Toth
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Hernández-Ojeda J, Román-Pintos LM, Rodríguez-Carrízalez AD, Troyo-Sanromán R, Cardona-Muñoz EG, Alatorre-Carranza MDP, Miranda-Díaz AG. Effect of rosuvastatin on diabetic polyneuropathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase IIa study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2014; 7:401-7. [PMID: 25214797 PMCID: PMC4159311 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s65500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic neuropathy affects 50%-66% of patients with diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress generates nerve dysfunction by causing segmental demyelinization and axonal degeneration. Antioxidants are considered to be the only etiologic management for diabetic polyneuropathy, and statins such as rosuvastatin increase nitric oxide bioavailability and reduce lipid peroxidation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of rosuvastatin in diabetic polyneuropathy. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase IIa clinical trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) stage ≥1b. We allocated subjects to two parallel groups (1:1) that received rosuvastatin 20 mg or placebo for 12 weeks. Primary outcomes were neuropathic symptom score, disability score, and nerve conduction studies, and secondary outcomes were glycemic control, lipid and hepatic profile, lipid peroxidation, and nerve growth factor beta (NGF-β) levels. RESULTS Both groups were of similar age and duration since diagnosis of diabetes and DPN. We observed improvement of DPN in the rosuvastatin group from stage 2a (88.2%) to stage 1b (41.2%), improvement of neuropathic symptom score from 4.5±2 to 2.4±1.8, and significant (P=0.001) reductions of peroneal nerve conduction velocity (from 40.8±2.2 to 42.1±1.6 seconds) and lipid peroxidation (from 25.4±2 to 12.2±4.0 nmol/mL), with no significant change in glycemic control or β-NGF. CONCLUSION The severity, symptoms, and nerve conduction parameters of DPN improved after 12 weeks of treatment with rosuvastatin. These beneficial effects appear to be attributable to reductions in lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Hernández-Ojeda
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Luis Miguel Román-Pintos
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | | | - Rogelio Troyo-Sanromán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Ernesto Germán Cardona-Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | | | - Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Díaz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- Correspondence: Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Díaz, Instituto de Terapéutica Experimental y Clínica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av La Paz No 2758, Col Arcos Sur, CP 44150, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, Tel +52 33 1058 5200 ext 33658, Fax +52 33 3617 3499, Email
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Okawa T, Kamiya H, Himeno T, Kato J, Seino Y, Fujiya A, Kondo M, Tsunekawa S, Naruse K, Hamada Y, Ozaki N, Cheng Z, Kito T, Suzuki H, Ito S, Oiso Y, Nakamura J, Isobe KI. Transplantation of Neural Crest-Like Cells Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Improves Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Mice. Cell Transplant 2013; 22:1767-83. [DOI: 10.3727/096368912x657710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired vascularity and nerve degeneration are the most important pathophysiological abnormalities of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN). Therefore, regeneration of both the vascular and nervous systems is required for the treatment of DPN. The neural crest (NC) is a transient embryonic structure in vertebrates that differentiates into a vast range of cells, including peripheral neurons, Schwann cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. In this study, we investigated the ability of transplantation of NC-like (NCL) cells derived from aged mouse induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells in the treatment of DPN. iPS cells were induced to differentiate into neural cells by stromal cell-derived inducing activity (SDIA) and subsequently supplemented with bone morphogenetic protein 4 to promote differentiation of NC lineage. After the induction, p75 neurotrophin receptor-positive NCL cells were purified using magnetic-activated cell sorting. Sorted NCL cells differentiated to peripheral neurons, glial cells, and smooth muscle cells by additional SDIA. NCL cells were transplanted into hind limb skeletal muscles of 16-week streptozotocin-diabetic mice. Nerve conduction velocity, current perception threshold, intraepidermal nerve fiber density, sensitivity to thermal stimuli, sciatic nerve blood flow, plantar skin blood flow, and capillary number-to-muscle fiber ratio were evaluated. Four weeks after transplantation, the engrafted cells produced growth factors: nerve growth factor, neurotrophin 3, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor. It was also confirmed that some engrafted cells differentiated into vascular smooth muscle cells or Schwann cell-like cells at each intrinsic site. The transplantation improved the impaired nerve and vascular functions. These results suggest that transplantation of NCL cells derived from iPS cells could have therapeutic effects on DPN through paracrine actions of growth factors and differentiation into Schwann cell-like cells and vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuji Okawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Kamiya
- Department of Chronic Kidney Disease Initiatives, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuhito Himeno
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jiro Kato
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujiya
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaki Kondo
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shin Tsunekawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Naruse
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoji Hamada
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Ozaki
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Zhao Cheng
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Kito
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Suzuki
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ito
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yutaka Oiso
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Isobe
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Van Dam PS, Cotter MA, Bravenboer B, Cameron NE. Pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy: focus on neurovascular mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 719:180-186. [PMID: 23872412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathies of the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems affect up to half of all people with diabetes, and are major risk factors for foot ulceration and amputation. The aetiology is multifactorial: metabolic changes in diabetes may directly affect neural tissue, but importantly, neurodegenerative changes are precipitated by compromised nerve vascular supply. Experiments in animal models of diabetic neuropathy suggest that similar metabolic sequelae affect neurons and vasa nervorum endothelium. These include elevated polyol pathway activity, oxidative stress, the formation of advanced glycation and lipoxidation end products, and various pro-inflammatory changes such as elevated protein kinase C, nuclear factor κB and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase signalling. These mechanisms do not work in isolation but strongly interact in a mutually facilitatory fashion. Nitrosative stress and the induction of the enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase form one important link between physiological stressors such as reactive oxygen species and the pro-inflammatory mechanisms. Recently, evidence points to endoplasmic stress and the unfolded protein response as forming another crucial link. This review focuses on the aetiopathogenesis of neurovascular changes in diabetic neuropathy, elucidated in animal studies, and on putative therapeutic targets the majority of which have yet to be tested for efficacy in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sytze Van Dam
- Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Department of internal Medicine, PO Box 95500, 1090HM Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mary A Cotter
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland UK
| | | | - Norman E Cameron
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland UK.
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Tierney EF, Thurman DJ, Beckles GL, Cadwell BL. Association of statin use with peripheral neuropathy in the U.S. population 40 years of age or older. J Diabetes 2013; 5:207-15. [PMID: 23121724 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral neuropathy is a serious complication of diabetes and several conditions that may lead to the loss of lower extremity function and even amputations. Since the introduction of statins, their use has increased markedly. Recent reports suggest a role for statins in the development of peripheral neuropathy. The aims of the present study were to assess the association between statin use and peripheral neuropathy, and to determine whether this association varied by diabetes status. METHODS Data from the lower extremity examination supplement of the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. RESULTS The overall prevalence of statin use was 15% and the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy was 14.9%. The prevalence of peripheral neuropathy was significantly higher among those who used statins compared with those who did not (23.5% vs 13.5%, respectively; P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that statin use (adjusted odds ratio 1.3; 95% confidence interval 1.1-1.6; Wald P = 0.04) was significantly associated with peripheral neuropathy, controlling for diabetes status, age, gender, race, height, weight, blood lead levels, poverty, glycohemoglobin, use of vitamin B12 , alcohol abuse, hypertension, and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Diabetes status, age, gender, height, weight, blood lead levels, poverty, and glycohemoglobin were also significantly associated with peripheral neuropathy. We found no effect modification between statin use and diabetes status, race, gender, age, vitamin B12 , blood lead levels, or alcohol abuse. CONCLUSIONS In the present cross-sectional study, we found a modest association between peripheral neuropathy and statin use. Prospective studies are required to determine the causal direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward F Tierney
- Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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Olver TD, Mattar L, Grisé KN, Twynstra J, Noble EG, Lacefield JC, Shoemaker JK. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion causes an insulin-dependent nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation in the blood supply of the rat sciatic nerve. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 305:R157-63. [PMID: 23616106 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00095.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that acute hyperglycemia reduces sciatic nerve blood flow in Sprague-Dawley rats. Anesthetized rats underwent cannulation of their right jugular vein (for anesthetic/nutrient/drug infusion) and right carotid artery (for continuous blood pressure measurement via pressure transducer). The left sciatic nerve was exposed and nerve blood velocity (NBV) was assessed from an arterial segment lying superficially along the sciatic nerve (Doppler ultrasound, 40 MHz). NBV and mean arterial pressure (MAP) values were collected, and an index of nerve vascular conductance (NVC) was established (NBV/MAP) at baseline and at 5, 10, 20, and 30 min (and 80 min for insulin) following 1) low glucose infusion, 1 g/kg (50% solution); 2) high glucose infusion, 3 g/kg; 3) high glucose infusion in the absence of a functioning pancreas; 4) euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp-insulin infusion (10 mU·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹; 0.4 IU/ml); 5) high glucose infusion + NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) infusion (30 mg/kg); and 6) L-NAME alone followed 20 min later by high glucose infusion. High glucose infusion increased NVC by ~120% relative to baseline (P < 0.001), and this dilation was attenuated in rats without a functioning pancreas (i.e., without insulin secretion) (P = 0.004) and following L-NAME infusion (P = 0.011). Therefore, the vasodilation in rat sciatic nerve during glucose infusion was dependent upon the insulin response and acted through a nitric oxide synthase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dylan Olver
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most common and disabling complication of diabetes that may lead to foot ulcers and limb amputations. Despite widespread awareness of DN, the only effective treatments are glucose control and pain management. A growing body of evidence suggests that DN is characterized by reduction of vascularity in peripheral nerves and deficiency in neurotrophic and angiogenic factors. Previous studies have tried to introduce neurotrophic or angiogenic factors in the form of protein or gene for therapy, but the effect was not significant. Recent studies have shown that bone marrow (BM)-derived stem or progenitor cells have favorable effects on the repair of cardiovascular diseases. Since these BM-derived stem or progenitor cells contain various angiogenic and neurotrophic factors, these cells have been attempted for treating experimental DN, and turned out to be effective for reversing various manifestations of experimental DN. These evidences suggest that cell therapy, affecting both vascular and neural components, can represent a novel therapeutic option for treatment of clinical DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Woong Han
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Min Young Sin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Young-sup Yoon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Tahergorabi Z, Khazaei M. Imbalance of angiogenesis in diabetic complications: the mechanisms. Int J Prev Med 2012; 3:827-38. [PMID: 23272281 PMCID: PMC3530300 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.104853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex disease and a chronic health-care problem. Nowadays, because of alteration of lifestyle such as lack of exercise, intake of high fat diet subsequently obesity and aging population, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing quickly in around the world. The international diabetes federation estimated in 2008, that 246 million adults in worldwide suffered from diabetes mellitus and the prevalence of disease is expected to reach to 380 million by 2025. Although, mainly in management of diabetes focused on hyperglycemia, however, it is documented that abnormalities of angiogenesis may contribute in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications. Angiogenesis is the generation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones. Normal angiogenesis depends on the intricate balance between angiogenic factors (such as VEGF, FGF2, TGF-β, angiopoietins) and angiostatic factors (angiostatin, endostatin, thrombospondins). Vascular abnormalities in different tissues including retina and kidney can play a role in pathogenesis of micro-vascular complications of diabetes; also vascular impairment contributes in macrovascular complications e.g., diabetic neuropathy and impaired formation of coronary collaterals. Therefore, identifying of different mechanisms of the diabetic complications can give us an opportunity to prevent and/or treat the following complications and improves quality of life for patients and society. In this review, we studied the mechanisms of angiogenesis in micro-vascular and macro-vascular complications of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Tahergorabi
- Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Drapkina OM, Korneeva ON, Sheptulina AF. Statins and diabetes mellitus: risks and benefits. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2012. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2012-6-85-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at a high risk of cardiovascular events (CVE). Currently, the predominant clinical strategy of the CVE prevention in DM patients is aggressive lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood pressure levels. In this clinical group, statins are among the most widely used pharmacological agents. Recent clinical evidence suggests that statin therapy could be associated with an increased risk of DM. Both clinicians and researchers need to reevaluate the issue of statin safety in the patients at a higher CVE risk. This review focuses on the problem of DM development in statin-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. M. Drapkina
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
| | - O. N. Korneeva
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
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Kim H, Kim JJ, Yoon YS. Emerging therapy for diabetic neuropathy: cell therapy targeting vessels and nerves. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2012; 12:168-78. [PMID: 22236028 DOI: 10.2174/187153012800493486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN), the most common complication of diabetes, frequently leads to foot ulcers and may progress to limb amputations. Despite continuous increase in incidence, there is no clinical therapy to effectively treat DN. Pathogenetically, DN is characterized by reduced vascularity in peripheral nerves and deficiency in angiogenic and neurotrophic factors. We will briefly review the pathogenetic mechanism of DN and address the effects and the mechanisms of cell therapies for DN. To reverse the changes of DN, studies have attempted to deliver neurotrophic or angiogenic factors for treatment in the form of protein or gene therapy; however, the effects turned out to be very modest if not ineffective. Recent studies have demonstrated that bone marrow (BM)-derived cells such as mononuclear cells or endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can effectively treat various cardiovascular diseases through their paracrine effects. As BM-derived cells include multiple angiogenic and neurotrophic cytokines, these cells were used for treating experimental DN and found to reverse manifestations of DN. Particularly, EPCs were shown to exert favorable therapeutic effects through enhanced neural neovascularization and neuro-protective effects. These findings clearly indicate that DN is a complex disorder with pathogenetic involvement of both vascular and neural components. Studies have shown that cell therapies targeting both vascular and neural elements are shown to be advantageous in treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyongbum Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering/College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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Pathophysiology of diabetic erectile dysfunction: potential contribution of vasa nervorum and advanced glycation endproducts. Int J Impot Res 2012; 25:1-6. [PMID: 22914567 DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2012.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) due to diabetes mellitus remains difficult to treat medically despite advances in pharmacotherapeutic approaches in the field. This unmet need has resulted in a recent re-focus on the pathophysiology, in order to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to ED in diabetes. Diabetes-induced ED is often resistant to PDE5 inhibitor treatment, thus there is a need to discover targets that may lead to novel approaches for a successful treatment. The aim of this brief review is to update the reader in some of the latest development on that front, with a particular focus on the role of impaired neuronal blood flow and the formation of advanced glycation endproducts.
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Wang L, Chopp M, Szalad A, Liu Z, Lu M, Zhang L, Zhang J, Zhang RL, Morris D, Zhang ZG. Thymosin β4 promotes the recovery of peripheral neuropathy in type II diabetic mice. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 48:546-55. [PMID: 22922221 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus. Using a mouse model of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, we tested the hypothesis that thymosin β4 (Tβ4) ameliorates diabetes-induced neurovascular dysfunction in the sciatic nerve and promotes recovery of neurological function from diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Tβ4 treatment of diabetic mice increased functional vascular density and regional blood flow in the sciatic nerve, and improved nerve function. Tβ4 upregulated angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) expression, but suppressed Ang2 expression in endothelial and Schwann cells in the diabetic sciatic nerve. In vitro, incubation of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) with Tβ4 under high glucose condition completely abolished high glucose-downregulated Ang1 expression and high glucose-reduced capillary-like tube formation. Moreover, incubation of HUVECs under high glucose with conditioned medium collected from Human Schwann Cells (HSCs) treated with Tβ4 significantly reversed high glucose-decreased capillary-like tube formation. PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in Tβ4-regulated Ang1 expression on endothelial and Schwann cells. These data indicate that Tβ4 likely acts on endothelial cells and Schwann cells to preserve and/or restore vascular function in the sciatic nerve which facilitates improvement of peripheral nerve function under diabetic neuropathy. Thus, Tβ4 has potential for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Askwith T, Zeng W, Eggo MC, Stevens MJ. Taurine reduces nitrosative stress and nitric oxide synthase expression in high glucose-exposed human Schwann cells. Exp Neurol 2011; 233:154-62. [PMID: 21952043 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The role of taurine in regulating glucose-induced nitrosative stress has been examined in human Schwann cells, a model for understanding the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Exposure to high glucose increased nitrated proteins (1.56 fold p<0.05), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) mRNA expression (1.55 fold and 2.2 fold respectively, p<0.05 both), phospho-p38 MAPK (1.32 fold, p<0.05) abundance and decreased Schwann cell growth (11±2%, p<0.05). Taurine supplementation prevented high-glucose induced iNOS and nNOS mRNA upregulation, reduced nitrated proteins and phospho-p38 MAPK (56±11% and 45±18% (p<0.05 both) respectively) and restored Schwann cell growth to control levels. High glucose and taurine treatment alone reduced phospho-p42/44 MAPK and phospho-AKT to below detectable levels. Treatment of human Schwann cells with donors of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite reduced taurine transporter (TauT) expression (by 35±5% and 29±7% respectively p<0.05 both) as well as the maximum velocity of taurine uptake (TauT Vmax). NOS inhibition prevented glucose-mediated TauT mRNA downregulation, and restored TauT Vmax. These data demonstrate an important role for taurine in the prevention of nitrosative stress in human Schwann cells, which may have important implications for the development and treatment of diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Askwith
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Wang L, Chopp M, Szalad A, Liu Z, Bolz M, Alvarez FM, Lu M, Zhang L, Cui Y, Zhang RL, Zhang ZG. Phosphodiesterase-5 is a therapeutic target for peripheral neuropathy in diabetic mice. Neuroscience 2011; 193:399-410. [PMID: 21820491 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is a common and major complication of diabetes, the underlying mechanisms of which are not fully understood. Using a mouse model of type II diabetes, the present study investigated the role of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) in peripheral neuropathy. BKS.Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J (db/db) mice were treated with sildenafil, a specific inhibitor of PDE5, at doses of 2 and 10 mg/kg or saline. Levels of PDE5 and morphometric parameters in sciatic nerve tissue as well as the motor and sensory function were measured in these mice. In diabetic mice, PDE5 expression in sciatic nerve tissue was significantly upregulated, whereas the myelin sheath thickness, myelin basic protein (MBP), and subcutaneous nerve fibers were significantly reduced. Treatment with sildenafil significantly improved neurological function, assayed by motor and sensory conducting velocities and thermal and mechanical noxious stimuli, concomitantly with increases in myelin sheath thickness, MBP levels, and subcutaneous nerve fibers. In vitro, hyperglycemia upregulated PDE5 in Schwann cells and reduced Schwann cell proliferation, migration, and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Blockage of PDE5 with sildenafil increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and completely abolished the effect of hyperglycemia on Schwann cells. Sildenafil upregulated cGMP-dependent protein kinase G I (PKGI), whereas inhibition of PKGI with a PKG inhibitor, KT5823, suppressed the inhibitory effect of sildenafil on Schwann cells. These data indicate that hyperglycemia substantially upregulates PDE5 expression and that the cGMP/PKG signaling pathway activated by sildenafil mediates the beneficial effects of sildenafil on diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health Sciences Center, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Nitric oxide, a janus-faced therapeutic target for diabetic microangiopathy-Friend or foe? Pharmacol Res 2011; 64:187-94. [PMID: 21635951 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Accelerated atherosclerosis and microvascular complications are the leading causes of coronary heart disease, end-stage renal failure, acquired blindness and a variety of neuropathy, which could account for disabilities and high mortality rates in patients with diabetes. As the prevalence of diabetes has risen to epidemic proportions worldwide, diabetic vascular complications have now become one of the most challenging health problems. Nitric oxide (NO) is a pleiotropic molecule critical to a number of physiological and pathological processes in humans. NO not only inhibits the inflammatory-proliferative reactions in vascular wall cells, but also exerts anti-thrombogenic and endothelial cell protective properties, all of which could potentially be exploited as a therapeutic option for the treatment of vascular complications in diabetes. However, high amounts of NO produced by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and/or peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), a reactive intermediate of NO with superoxide anion are involved in pro-inflammatory reactions and tissue damage as well. This implies that NO is a janus-faced molecule and acts as a double-edged sword in vascular complications in diabetes. Further, NO is synthesized from l-arginine via the action of NO synthase (NOS), while NOS is blocked by endogenous l-arginine analogues such as asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a naturally occurring amino acid which is found in the plasma and various tissues. These findings suggest that amounts of NO locally produced, oxidative stress conditions and level of ADMA could determine the beneficial and detrimental effects of NO on vascular complications in diabetes. In this paper, we review the janus-faced aspects of NO in diabetic microangiopathy.
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Stadler K. Peroxynitrite-driven mechanisms in diabetes and insulin resistance - the latest advances. Curr Med Chem 2011; 18:280-90. [PMID: 21110800 DOI: 10.2174/092986711794088317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery, peroxynitrite has been known as a potent oxidant in biological systems, and a rapidly growing body of literature has characterized its biochemistry and role in the pathophysiology of various conditions. Either directly or by inducing free radical pathways, peroxynitrite damages vital biomolecules such as DNA, proteins including enzymes with important functions, and lipids. It also initiates diverse reactions leading eventually to disrupted cell signaling, cell death, and apoptosis. The potential role and contribution of this deleterious species has been the subject of investigation in several important diseases, including but not limited to, cancer, neurodegeneration, stroke, inflammatory conditions, cardiovascular problems, and diabetes mellitus. Diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes-related complications represent a major health problem at epidemic levels. Therefore, tremendous efforts have been put into investigation of the molecular basics of peroxynitrite-related mechanisms in diabetes. Studies constantly seek new therapeutical approaches in order to eliminate or decrease the level of peroxynitrite, or to interfere with its downstream mechanisms. This review is intended to emphasize the latest findings about peroxynitrite and diabetes, and, in addition, to discuss recent and novel advances that are likely to contribute to a better understanding of peroxynitrite-mediated damage in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Stadler
- Oxidative Stress and Disease Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU System, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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