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Liu S, Anderson PJ, Rajagopal S, Lefkowitz RJ, Rockman HA. G Protein-Coupled Receptors: A Century of Research and Discovery. Circ Res 2024; 135:174-197. [PMID: 38900852 PMCID: PMC11192237 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors), also known as 7 transmembrane domain receptors, are the largest receptor family in the human genome, with ≈800 members. GPCRs regulate nearly every aspect of human physiology and disease, thus serving as important drug targets in cardiovascular disease. Sharing a conserved structure comprised of 7 transmembrane α-helices, GPCRs couple to heterotrimeric G-proteins, GPCR kinases, and β-arrestins, promoting downstream signaling through second messengers and other intracellular signaling pathways. GPCR drug development has led to important cardiovascular therapies, such as antagonists of β-adrenergic and angiotensin II receptors for heart failure and hypertension, and agonists of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor for reducing adverse cardiovascular events and other emerging indications. There continues to be a major interest in GPCR drug development in cardiovascular and cardiometabolic disease, driven by advances in GPCR mechanistic studies and structure-based drug design. This review recounts the rich history of GPCR research, including the current state of clinically used GPCR drugs, and highlights newly discovered aspects of GPCR biology and promising directions for future investigation. As additional mechanisms for regulating GPCR signaling are uncovered, new strategies for targeting these ubiquitous receptors hold tremendous promise for the field of cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Liu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical
Center
| | - Preston J. Anderson
- Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Duke University, Durham,
NC, 27710, USA
- Duke Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University,
Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical
Center
- Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Duke University, Durham,
NC, 27710, USA
- Deparment of Biochemistry Duke University, Durham, NC,
27710, USA
| | - Robert J. Lefkowitz
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical
Center
- Deparment of Biochemistry Duke University, Durham, NC,
27710, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Howard A. Rockman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical
Center
- Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Duke University, Durham,
NC, 27710, USA
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2
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Mastos C, Xu X, Keen AC, Halls ML. Signalling of Adrenoceptors: Canonical Pathways and New Paradigms. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38227198 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The concept of G protein-coupled receptors initially arose from studies of the β-adrenoceptor, adenylyl cyclase, and cAMP signalling pathway. Since then both canonical G protein-coupled receptor signalling pathways and emerging paradigms in receptor signalling have been defined by experiments focused on adrenoceptors. Here, we discuss the evidence for G protein coupling specificity of the nine adrenoceptor subtypes. We summarise the ability of each of the adrenoceptors to activate proximal signalling mediators including cAMP, calcium, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and protein kinase C pathways. Finally, we highlight the importance of precise spatial and temporal control of adrenoceptor signalling that is controlled by the localisation of receptors at intracellular membranes and in larger protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantel Mastos
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaomeng Xu
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alastair C Keen
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle L Halls
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Kiessling M, Djalinac N, Voglhuber J, Ljubojevic-Holzer S. Nuclear Calcium in Cardiac (Patho)Physiology: Small Compartment, Big Impact. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030960. [PMID: 36979939 PMCID: PMC10046765 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleus of a cardiomyocyte has been increasingly recognized as a morphologically distinct and partially independent calcium (Ca2+) signaling microdomain, with its own Ca2+-regulatory mechanisms and important effects on cardiac gene expression. In this review, we (1) provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on the dynamics and regulation of nuclear Ca2+ signaling in cardiomyocytes, (2) address the role of nuclear Ca2+ in the development and progression of cardiac pathologies, such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation, and (3) discuss novel aspects of experimental methods to investigate nuclear Ca2+ handling and its downstream effects in the heart. Finally, we highlight current challenges and limitations and recommend future directions for addressing key open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Kiessling
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Nataša Djalinac
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Julia Voglhuber
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Senka Ljubojevic-Holzer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Rupert C, López JE, Cortez-Toledo E, De la Cruz Cabrera O, Chesler NC, Simpson PC, Campbell SG, Baker AJ. Increased length-dependent activation of human engineered heart tissue after chronic α 1A-adrenergic agonist treatment: testing a novel heart failure therapy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H293-H304. [PMID: 36637971 PMCID: PMC9886349 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00279.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stimulation of cardiac α1A-adrenergic receptors (α1A-ARs) improves symptoms in multiple preclinical models of heart failure. However, the translational significance remains unclear. Human engineered heart tissues (EHTs) provide a means of quantifying the effects of chronic α1A-AR stimulation on human cardiomyocyte physiology. EHTs were created from thin slices of decellularized pig myocardium seeded with human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. With a paired experimental design, EHTs were cultured for 3 wk, mechanically tested, cultured again for 2 wk with α1A-AR agonist A61603 (10 nM) or vehicle control, and retested after drug washout for 24 h. Separate control experiments determined the effects of EHT age (3-5 wk) or repeat mechanical testing. We found that chronic A61603 treatment caused a 25% increase of length-dependent activation (LDA) of contraction compared with vehicle treatment (n = 7/group, P = 0.035). EHT force was not increased after chronic A61603 treatment. However, after vehicle treatment, EHT force was increased by 35% relative to baseline testing (n = 7/group, P = 0.022), suggesting EHT maturation. Control experiments suggested that increased EHT force resulted from repeat mechanical testing, not from EHT aging. RNA-seq analysis confirmed that the α1A-AR is expressed in human EHTs and found chronic A61603 treatment affected gene expression in biological pathways known to be activated by α1A-ARs, including the MAP kinase signaling pathway. In conclusion, increased LDA in human EHT after chronic A61603 treatment raises the possibility that chronic stimulation of the α1A-AR might be beneficial for increasing LDA in human myocardium and might be beneficial for treating human heart failure by restoring LDA.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Chronic stimulation of α1A-adrenergic receptors (α1A-ARs) is known to mediate therapeutic effects in animal heart failure models. To investigate the effects of chronic α1A-AR stimulation in human cardiomyocytes, we tested engineered heart tissue (EHT) created with iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. RNA-seq analysis confirmed human EHT expressed α1A-ARs. Chronic (2 wk) α1A-AR stimulation with A61603 (10 nM) increased length-dependent activation (LDA) of contraction. Chronic α1A-AR stimulation might be beneficial for treating human heart failure by restoring LDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Rupert
- Propria LLC, Branford, Connecticut, United States
| | - J. E. López
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine,
University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - E. Cortez-Toledo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine,
University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | | | - N. C. Chesler
- Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation Research Center, Irvine, California, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, United States
| | - P. C. Simpson
- Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - S. G. Campbell
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - A. J. Baker
- Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
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Li W, Xie H, Hu H, Huang J, Chen S. PEX1 is a mediator of α1-adrenergic signaling attenuating doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23196. [PMID: 35979984 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent used for cancer treatment, however, DOX-induced cardiotoxicity is a serious clinical problem because it causes acute and chronic heart dysfunction. Many studies have indicated that the α1-adrenergic receptor protects the heart from pathologic stress through activation survival signaling, however, the mechanism remains largely unknown. Previous studies have detected that the phenylephrine-induced complex-1 (PEX1) transcription factor, also known as zinc-finger protein 260 (Zfp260), is an effector of α1-adrenergic signaling in cardiac hypertrophy. Our present study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of PEX1 in cardiomyocyte survival during DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Mice were exposed to a single intraperitoneal injection of DOX (15 mg/kg) to generate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. We found that PEX1 expression was downregulated in DOX-treated murine hearts. PEX1 deficiency resulted in increased apoptosis, and conversely, PEX1 overexpression alleviated apoptosis induced by DOX in primary cardiomyocytes, as well as upregulated antiapoptotic genes such as BCL-2 and BCL-XL. Mechanistically, we identified that PEX1 might exert its antiapoptosis effect by playing a pivotal role in the action of α1-adrenergic signaling activation, which depends on the presence of GATA-4. Based on these findings, we supposed that PEX1 may be a novel transcription factor involved in cardiac cell survival and a promising candidate target for DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huilin Xie
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huang Hu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jihong Huang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun Chen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Electroacupuncture Ameliorates Acute Myocardial Ischemic Injury and Long QT Interval in Mice through the α1A-Adrenergic Receptor: Electrophysiological, Morphological, and Molecular Evidence. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1984706. [PMID: 35814274 PMCID: PMC9262560 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1984706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) is a condition caused by a decrease in blood flow to the heart that can sometimes predispose to acquired long QT syndrome (LQTS), thereby resulting in sudden cardiac death. Recent evidence indicates that electroacupuncture (EA) can alleviate MI injury, but its specific mechanism remains unclear. This study was aimed at investigating the efficacy of EA, which utilizes α1A-adrenergic receptors (α1A-AR) in alleviating MI injury as well as the resulting LQTS. The AMI model was established by ligating the left anterior descending arteries (LAD) of both the wild-type and α1A gene-knockout mice and treating them with EA for three consecutive days. A PowerLab 16 physiological recorder was used to collect the electrocardiogram (ECG) while the serum creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and norepinephrine (NE) levels in myocardial tissue were determined by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Moreover, TTC staining was used to observe the myocardial ischemic area, while H&E and TUNEL staining determined the pathological morphology of the myocardium. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the α1A mRNA, and Western blot was used to detect the specific proteins, such as α1A, cleaved caspase-3, Gq, PLC, p-PKCα, and p-hERG. Our results showed that EA could effectively reduce elevated ST-segment, shorten the extended QT interval, and reduce the serum myocardial enzyme content and the degree of pathological injury in wild mice with MI. EA can also decrease the expression of α1A-AR, PLC, p-PKCα, and NE content in myocardial tissues of wild mice, while those of p-hERG increased in ischemic myocardial tissue. These findings suggested that α1A-AR is involved in the development of MI as well as LQTS. Additionally, EA treatment improves the cardiac function and ischemic long QT interval and plays an important role in reducing the hERG inhibition through the α1A-AR-mediated Gq/PLC/PKCα pathway and myocardial apoptosis. Hence, it is suggested that α1A-AR might become a potential target for EA in treating AMI treatment of myocardial ischemia injury and acquired long QT intervals caused by MI.
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7
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Yuan X, Shayiranbieke A, Xu R, Jiang H, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Yin G, Zhao X. Site-selective covalently immobilized alpha 1A adrenergic receptor for thermodynamic and extra-thermodynamic study of four ligands binding to the receptor by chromatographic methods. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1665:462827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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The Antiarrhythmic Activity of Novel Pyrrolidin-2-one Derivative S-75 in Adrenaline-Induced Arrhythmia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111065. [PMID: 34832847 PMCID: PMC8625052 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmia is a quivering or irregular heartbeat that can often lead to blood clots, stroke, heart failure, and other heart-related complications. The limited efficacy and safety of antiarrhythmic drugs require the design of new compounds. Previous research indicated that pyrrolidin-2-one derivatives possess an affinity for α1-adrenergic receptors. The blockade of α1-adrenoceptor may play a role in restoring normal sinus rhythm; therefore, we aimed to verify the antiarrhythmic activity of novel pyrrolidin-2-one derivative S-75. In this study, we assessed the influence on sodium, calcium, potassium channels, and β1-adrenergic receptors to investigate the mechanism of action of S-75. Lack of affinity for β1-adrenoceptors and weak effects on ion channels decreased the role of these adrenoceptors and channels in the pharmacological activity of S-75. Next, we evaluated the influence of S-75 on normal ECG in rats and isolated rat hearts, and the tested derivative did not prolong the QTc interval, which may confirm the lack of the proarrhythmic potential. We tested antiarrhythmic activity in adrenaline-, aconitine- and calcium chloride-induced arrhythmia models in rats. The studied compound showed prophylactic antiarrhythmic activity in the adrenaline-induced arrhythmia, but no significant activity in the model of aconitine- or calcium chloride-induced arrhythmia. In addition, S-75 was not active in the model of post-reperfusion arrhythmias of the isolated rat hearts. Conversely, the compound showed therapeutic antiarrhythmic properties in adrenaline-induced arrhythmia, reducing post-arrhythmogen heart rhythm disorders, and decreasing animal mortality. Thus, we suggest that the blockade of α1-adrenoceptor might be beneficial in restoring normal heart rhythm in adrenaline-induced arrhythmia.
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9
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Du X. Sympatho-adrenergic mechanisms in heart failure: new insights into pathophysiology. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2021; 1:47-77. [PMID: 37724075 PMCID: PMC10388789 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2021-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system is activated in the setting of heart failure (HF) to compensate for hemodynamic instability. However, acute sympathetic surge or sustained high neuronal firing rates activates β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) signaling contributing to myocardial remodeling, dysfunction and electrical instability. Thus, sympatho-βAR activation is regarded as a hallmark of HF and forms pathophysiological basis for β-blocking therapy. Building upon earlier research findings, studies conducted in the recent decades have significantly advanced our understanding on the sympatho-adrenergic mechanism in HF, which forms the focus of this article. This review notes recent research progress regarding the roles of cardiac β2AR or α1AR in the failing heart, significance of β1AR-autoantibodies, and βAR signaling through G-protein independent signaling pathways. Sympatho-βAR regulation of immune cells or fibroblasts is specifically discussed. On the neuronal aspects, knowledge is assembled on the remodeling of sympathetic nerves of the failing heart, regulation by presynaptic α2AR of NE release, and findings on device-based neuromodulation of the sympathetic nervous system. The review ends with highlighting areas where significant knowledge gaps exist but hold promise for new breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Du
- Faculty of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi’an710061, Shaanxi, China
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC3004, Australia
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Ramos‐Marquès E, García‐Mendívil L, Pérez‐Zabalza M, Santander‐Badules H, Srinivasan S, Oliveros JC, Torres‐Pérez R, Cebollada A, Vallejo‐Gil JM, Fresneda‐Roldán PC, Fañanás‐Mastral J, Vázquez‐Sancho M, Matamala‐Adell M, Sorribas‐Berjón JF, Bellido‑Morales JA, Mancebón‑Sierra FJ, Vaca‑Núñez AS, Ballester‐Cuenca C, Jiménez‐Navarro M, Villaescusa JM, Garrido‐Huéscar E, Segovia‐Roldán M, Oliván‐Viguera A, Gómez‐González C, Muñiz G, Diez E, Ordovás L, Pueyo E. Chronological and biological aging of the human left ventricular myocardium: Analysis of microRNAs contribution. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13383. [PMID: 34092006 PMCID: PMC8282276 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In humans, cardiac aging remains poorly characterized. Most studies are based on chronological age (CA) and disregard biological age (BA), the actual physiological age (result of the aging rate on the organ structure and function), thus yielding potentially imperfect outcomes. Deciphering the molecular basis of ventricular aging, especially by BA, could lead to major progresses in cardiac research. We aim to describe the transcriptome dynamics of the aging left ventricle (LV) in humans according to both CA and BA and characterize the contribution of microRNAs, key transcriptional regulators. BA is measured using two CA-associated transcriptional markers: CDKN2A expression, a cell senescence marker, and apparent age (AppAge), a highly complex transcriptional index. Bioinformatics analysis of 132 LV samples shows that CDKN2A expression and AppAge represent transcriptomic changes better than CA. Both BA markers are biologically validated in relation to an aging phenotype associated with heart dysfunction, the amount of cardiac fibrosis. BA-based analyses uncover depleted cardiac-specific processes, among other relevant functions, that are undetected by CA. Twenty BA-related microRNAs are identified, and two of them highly heart-enriched that are present in plasma. We describe a microRNA-gene regulatory network related to cardiac processes that are partially validated in vitro and in LV samples from living donors. We prove the higher sensitivity of BA over CA to explain transcriptomic changes in the aging myocardium and report novel molecular insights into human LV biological aging. Our results can find application in future therapeutic and biomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estel Ramos‐Marquès
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation group (BSICoS) Aragón Institute of Engineering Research University of Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
- BSICoSIIS Aragón Zaragoza Spain
| | - Laura García‐Mendívil
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation group (BSICoS) Aragón Institute of Engineering Research University of Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
- BSICoSIIS Aragón Zaragoza Spain
| | - María Pérez‐Zabalza
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation group (BSICoS) Aragón Institute of Engineering Research University of Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
- BSICoSIIS Aragón Zaragoza Spain
| | - Hazel Santander‐Badules
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation group (BSICoS) Aragón Institute of Engineering Research University of Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
| | - Sabarathinam Srinivasan
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation group (BSICoS) Aragón Institute of Engineering Research University of Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
- BSICoSIIS Aragón Zaragoza Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Oliveros
- Bioinformatics for Genomics and Proteomics National Center of Biotechnology‐ Spanish National Research Council Madrid Spain
| | - Rafael Torres‐Pérez
- Bioinformatics for Genomics and Proteomics National Center of Biotechnology‐ Spanish National Research Council Madrid Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Manuel Vázquez‐Sancho
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery University Hospital Miguel Servet Zaragoza Spain
| | - Marta Matamala‐Adell
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery University Hospital Miguel Servet Zaragoza Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Manuel Jiménez‐Navarro
- Heart Area Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, CIBERCV IBIMA, Universidad de Málaga, UMA Málaga Spain
| | - José Manuel Villaescusa
- UGC Heart Area Cardiovascular Surgery Department Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Investigación de Málaga en Biomedicina y Salud (FIMABIS) CIBERCV Enfermedades Cardiovasculares Instituto de Salud Carlos III University of Málaga Madrid Spain
| | - Elisa Garrido‐Huéscar
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation group (BSICoS) Aragón Institute of Engineering Research University of Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
- BSICoSIIS Aragón Zaragoza Spain
| | - Margarita Segovia‐Roldán
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation group (BSICoS) Aragón Institute of Engineering Research University of Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
- BSICoSIIS Aragón Zaragoza Spain
| | - Aida Oliván‐Viguera
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation group (BSICoS) Aragón Institute of Engineering Research University of Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
- BSICoSIIS Aragón Zaragoza Spain
| | | | - Gorka Muñiz
- Department of Pathology San Jorge Hospital Huesca Spain
| | - Emiliano Diez
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biology of Cuyo (IMBECU) CONICET Mendoza Argentina
| | - Laura Ordovás
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation group (BSICoS) Aragón Institute of Engineering Research University of Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
- BSICoSIIS Aragón Zaragoza Spain
- ARAID Foundation Zaragoza Spain
| | - Esther Pueyo
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation group (BSICoS) Aragón Institute of Engineering Research University of Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
- BSICoSIIS Aragón Zaragoza Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN) Zaragoza Spain
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11
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Impact of Aldosterone on the Failing Myocardium: Insights from Mitochondria and Adrenergic Receptors Signaling and Function. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061552. [PMID: 34205363 PMCID: PMC8235589 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid aldosterone regulates electrolyte and blood volume homeostasis, but it also adversely modulates the structure and function of the chronically failing heart, through its elevated production in chronic human post-myocardial infarction (MI) heart failure (HF). By activating the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a ligand-regulated transcription factor, aldosterone promotes inflammation and fibrosis of the heart, while increasing oxidative stress, ultimately induding mitochondrial dysfunction in the failing myocardium. To reduce morbidity and mortality in advanced stage HF, MR antagonist drugs, such as spironolactone and eplerenone, are used. In addition to the MR, aldosterone can bind and stimulate other receptors, such as the plasma membrane-residing G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), further complicating it signaling properties in the myocardium. Given the salient role that adrenergic receptor (ARs)—particularly βARs—play in cardiac physiology and pathology, unsurprisingly, that part of the impact of aldosterone on the failing heart is mediated by its effects on the signaling and function of these receptors. Aldosterone can significantly precipitate the well-documented derangement of cardiac AR signaling and impairment of AR function, critically underlying chronic human HF. One of the main consequences of HF in mammalian models at the cellular level is the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction. As such, preventing mitochondrial dysfunction could be a valid pharmacological target in this condition. This review summarizes the current experimental evidence for this aldosterone/AR crosstalk in both the healthy and failing heart, and the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction in HF. Recent findings from signaling studies focusing on MR and AR crosstalk via non-conventional signaling of molecules that normally terminate the signaling of ARs in the heart, i.e., the G protein-coupled receptor-kinases (GRKs), are also highlighted.
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12
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Ivanova AD, Filatova TS, Abramochkin DV, Atkinson A, Dobrzynski H, Kokaeva ZG, Merzlyak EM, Pustovit KB, Kuzmin VS. Attenuation of inward rectifier potassium current contributes to the α1-adrenergic receptor-induced proarrhythmicity in the caval vein myocardium. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13597. [PMID: 33306261 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study is aimed at investigation of electrophysiological effects of α1-adrenoreceptor (α1-AR) stimulation in the rat superior vena cava (SVC) myocardium, which is one of the sources of proarrhythmic activity. METHODS α1-ARs agonists (phenylephrine-PHE or norepinephrine in presence of atenolol-NE + ATL) were applied to SVC and atrial tissue preparations or isolated cardiomyocytes, which were examined using optical mapping, glass microelectrodes or whole-cell patch clamp. α1-ARs distribution was evaluated using immunofluorescence. Kir2.X mRNA and protein level were estimated using RT-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS PHE or NE + ATL application caused a significant suppression of the conduction velocity (CV) of excitation and inexcitability in SVC, an increase in the duration of electrically evoked action potentials (APs), a decrease in the maximum upstroke velocity (dV/dtmax ) and depolarization of the resting membrane potential (RMP) in SVC to a greater extent than in atria. The effects induced by α1-ARs activation in SVC were attenuated by protein kinase C inhibition (PKC). The whole-cell patch clamp revealed PHE-induced suppression of outward component of IK1 inward rectifier current in isolated SVC, but not atrial myocytes. These effects can be mediated by α1A subtype of α-ARs found in abundance in rat SVC. The basal IK1 level in SVC was much lower than in atria as a result of the weaker expression of Kir2.2 channels. CONCLUSION Therefore, the reduced density of IK1 in rat SVC cardiomyocytes and sensitivity of this current to α1A-AR stimulation via PKC-dependent pathways might lead to proarrhythmic conduction in SVC myocardium by inducing RMP depolarization, AP prolongation, CV and dV/dtmax decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D. Ivanova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - Tatiana S. Filatova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Department of Physiology Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University Moscow Russia
| | - Denis V. Abramochkin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Department of Physiology Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University Moscow Russia
- Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology National Medical Research Center for Cardiology Moscow Russia
| | - Andrew Atkinson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Halina Dobrzynski
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Heart Embryology and Anatomy Research Team Department of Anatomy Jagiellonian University Medical College Cracow Poland
| | - Zarema G. Kokaeva
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - Ekaterina M. Merzlyak
- Shemiakin‐Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Science Moscow Russia
| | - Ksenia B. Pustovit
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - Vladislav S. Kuzmin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Department of Physiology Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University Moscow Russia
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13
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Kaidonis X, Niu W, Chan AY, Kesteven S, Wu J, Iismaa SE, Vatner S, Feneley M, Graham RM. Adaptation to exercise-induced stress is not dependent on cardiomyocyte α 1A-adrenergic receptors. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 155:78-87. [PMID: 33647309 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The 'fight or flight' response to physiological stress involves sympathetic nervous system activation, catecholamine release and adrenergic receptor stimulation. In the heart, this induces positive inotropy, previously attributed to the β1-adrenergic receptor subtype. However, the role of the α1A-adrenergic receptor, which has been suggested to be protective in cardiac pathology, has not been investigated in the setting of physiological stress. To explore this, we developed a tamoxifen-inducible, cardiomyocyte-specific α1A-adrenergic receptor knock-down mouse model, challenged mice to four weeks of endurance swim training and assessed cardiac outcomes. With 4-OH tamoxifen treatment, expression of the α1A-adrenergic receptor was knocked down by 80-89%, without any compensatory changes in the expression of other adrenergic receptors, or changes to baseline cardiac structure and function. Swim training caused eccentric hypertrophy, regardless of genotype, demonstrated by an increase in heart weight/tibia length ratio (30% and 22% in vehicle- and tamoxifen-treated animals, respectively) and an increase in left ventricular end diastolic volume (30% and 24% in vehicle- and tamoxifen-treated animals, respectively) without any change in the wall thickness/chamber radius ratio. Consistent with physiological hypertrophy, there was no increase in fetal gene program (Myh7, Nppa, Nppb or Acta1) expression. In response to exercise-induced volume overload, stroke volume (39% and 30% in vehicle- and tamoxifen-treated animals, respectively), cardiac output/tibia length ratio (41% in vehicle-treated animals) and stroke work (61% and 33% in vehicle- and tamoxifen-treated animals, respectively) increased, regardless of genotype. These findings demonstrate that cardiomyocyte α1A-adrenergic receptors are not necessary for cardiac adaptation to endurance exercise stress and their acute ablation is not deleterious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Kaidonis
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St.Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Wenxing Niu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Andrea Y Chan
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Scott Kesteven
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St.Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Siiri E Iismaa
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St.Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Stephen Vatner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Dept. of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Michael Feneley
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St.Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Robert M Graham
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St.Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
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14
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Zhang J, Simpson PC, Jensen BC. Cardiac α1A-adrenergic receptors: emerging protective roles in cardiovascular diseases. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 320:H725-H733. [PMID: 33275531 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00621.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
α1-Adrenergic receptors (ARs) are catecholamine-activated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are expressed in mouse and human myocardium and vasculature, and play essential roles in the regulation of cardiovascular physiology. Though α1-ARs are less abundant in the heart than β1-ARs, activation of cardiac α1-ARs results in important biologic processes such as hypertrophy, positive inotropy, ischemic preconditioning, and protection from cell death. Data from the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) indicate that nonselectively blocking α1-ARs is associated with a twofold increase in adverse cardiac events, including heart failure and angina, suggesting that α1-AR activation might also be cardioprotective in humans. Mounting evidence implicates the α1A-AR subtype in these adaptive effects, including prevention and reversal of heart failure in animal models by α1A agonists. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of cardiac α1A-ARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Zhang
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Paul C Simpson
- Department of Medicine and Research Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Brian C Jensen
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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15
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Siraj MA, Mundil D, Beca S, Momen A, Shikatani EA, Afroze T, Sun X, Liu Y, Ghaffari S, Lee W, Wheeler MB, Keller G, Backx P, Husain M. Cardioprotective GLP-1 metabolite prevents ischemic cardiac injury by inhibiting mitochondrial trifunctional protein-α. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1392-1404. [PMID: 31985487 DOI: 10.1172/jci99934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms mediating the cardioprotective actions of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) were unknown. Here, we show in both ex vivo and in vivo models of ischemic injury that treatment with GLP-1(28-36), a neutral endopeptidase-generated (NEP-generated) metabolite of GLP-1, was as cardioprotective as GLP-1 and was abolished by scrambling its amino acid sequence. GLP-1(28-36) enters human coronary artery endothelial cells (caECs) through macropinocytosis and acts directly on mouse and human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (caSMCs) and caECs, resulting in soluble adenylyl cyclase Adcy10-dependent (sAC-dependent) increases in cAMP, activation of protein kinase A, and cytoprotection from oxidative injury. GLP-1(28-36) modulates sAC by increasing intracellular ATP levels, with accompanying cAMP accumulation lost in sAC-/- cells. We identify mitochondrial trifunctional protein-α (MTPα) as a binding partner of GLP-1(28-36) and demonstrate that the ability of GLP-1(28-36) to shift substrate utilization from oxygen-consuming fatty acid metabolism toward oxygen-sparing glycolysis and glucose oxidation and to increase cAMP levels is dependent on MTPα. NEP inhibition with sacubitril blunted the ability of GLP-1 to increase cAMP levels in coronary vascular cells in vitro. GLP-1(28-36) is a small peptide that targets novel molecular (MTPα and sAC) and cellular (caSMC and caEC) mechanisms in myocardial ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ahsan Siraj
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dhanwantee Mundil
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanja Beca
- Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, and
| | - Abdul Momen
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric A Shikatani
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Talat Afroze
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xuetao Sun
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ying Liu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Siavash Ghaffari
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Warren Lee
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry.,Department of Medicine, and
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gordon Keller
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, and
| | - Peter Backx
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mansoor Husain
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, and.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, and.,Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Possible Susceptibility Genes for Intervention against Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4894625. [PMID: 33110473 PMCID: PMC7578723 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4894625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent therapeutic advances have significantly improved the short- and long-term survival rates in patients with heart disease and cancer. Survival in cancer patients may, however, be accompanied by disadvantages, namely, increased rates of cardiovascular events. Chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction is an important side effect of anticancer therapy. While advances in cancer treatment have increased patient survival, treatments are associated with cardiovascular complications, including heart failure (HF), arrhythmias, cardiac ischemia, valve disease, pericarditis, and fibrosis of the pericardium and myocardium. The molecular mechanisms of cardiotoxicity caused by cancer treatment have not yet been elucidated, and they may be both varied and complex. By identifying the functional genetic variations responsible for this toxicity, we may be able to improve our understanding of the potential mechanisms and pathways of treatment, paving the way for the development of new therapies to target these toxicities. Data from studies on genetic defects and pharmacological interventions have suggested that many molecules, primarily those regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis, and metabolism, contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiotoxicity induced by cancer treatment. Here, we review the progress of genetic research in illuminating the molecular mechanisms of cancer treatment-mediated cardiotoxicity and provide insights for the research and development of new therapies to treat or even prevent cardiotoxicity in patients undergoing cancer treatment. The current evidence is not clear about the role of pharmacogenomic screening of susceptible genes. Further studies need to done in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.
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17
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Rukavina Mikusic NL, Silva MG, Pineda AM, Gironacci MM. Angiotensin Receptors Heterodimerization and Trafficking: How Much Do They Influence Their Biological Function? Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1179. [PMID: 32848782 PMCID: PMC7417933 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are targets for around one third of currently approved and clinical prescribed drugs and represent the largest and most structurally diverse family of transmembrane signaling proteins, with almost 1000 members identified in the human genome. Upon agonist stimulation, GPCRs are internalized and trafficked inside the cell: they may be targeted to different organelles, recycled back to the plasma membrane or be degraded. Once inside the cell, the receptors may initiate other signaling pathways leading to different biological responses. GPCRs’ biological function may also be influenced by interaction with other receptors. Thus, the ultimate cellular response may depend not only on the activation of the receptor from the cell membrane, but also from receptor trafficking and/or the interaction with other receptors. This review is focused on angiotensin receptors and how their biological function is influenced by trafficking and interaction with others receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L Rukavina Mikusic
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Dpto. Química Biológica, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauro G Silva
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Dpto. Química Biológica, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Angélica M Pineda
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Dpto. Química Biológica, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela M Gironacci
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Dpto. Química Biológica, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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18
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Adverse transverse-tubule remodeling in a rat model of heart failure is attenuated with low-dose triiodothyronine treatment. Mol Med 2019; 25:53. [PMID: 31810440 PMCID: PMC6898920 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Pre-clinical animal studies have shown that triiodothyronine (T3) replacement therapy improves cardiac contractile function after myocardial infarction (MI). We hypothesized that T3 treatment could prevent adverse post-infarction cardiomyocyte remodeling by maintaining transverse-tubule (TT) structures, thus improving calcium dynamics and contractility. Methods Myocardial infarction (MI) or sham surgeries were performed on female Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 12 wks), followed by treatment with T3 (5μg/kg/d) or vehicle in drinking water for 16 wks (n = 10–11/group). After in vivo echocardiographic and hemodynamic analyses, left ventricular myocytes were isolated by collagenase digestion and simultaneous calcium and contractile transients in single cardiomyocytes were recorded using IonOptix imaging. Live cardiomyocytes were stained with AlexaFluor-488 conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-488) or di-8-ANEPPS, and multiple z-stack images per cell were captured by confocal microscopy for analysis of TT organization. RTqPCR and immunoblot approaches determined expression of TT proteins. Results Echocardiography and in vivo hemodynamic measurements showed significant improvements in systolic and diastolic function in T3- vs vehicle-treated MI rats. Isolated cardiomyocyte analysis showed significant dysfunction in measurements of myocyte relengthening in MI hearts, and improvements with T3 treatment: max relengthening velocity (Vmax, um/s), 2.984 ± 1.410 vs 1.593 ± 0.325, p < 0.05 and time to Vmax (sec), 0.233 ± 0.037 vs 0.314 ± 0.019, p < 0.001; MI + T3 vs MI + Veh, respectively. Time to peak contraction was shortened by T3 treatment (0.161 ± 0.021 vs 0.197 ± 0.011 s., p < 0.01; MI + T3 vs MI + Veh, respectively). Analysis of TT periodicity of WGA- or ANEPPS-stained cardiomyocytes indicated significant TT disorganization in MI myocytes and improvement with T3 treatment (transverse-oriented tubules (TE%): 9.07 ± 0.39 sham, 6.94 ± 0.67 MI + Veh and 8.99 ± 0.38 MI + T3; sham vs MI + Veh, p < 0.001; MI + Veh vs MI + T3, p < 0.01). Quantitative RT-PCR showed that reduced expression of BIN1 (Bridging integrator-1), Jph2 (junctophilin-2), RyR2 (ryanodine receptor) and Cav1.2 (L-type calcium channel) in the failing myocardium were increased by T3 and immunoblot analysis further supporting a potential T3 effect on the TT-associated proteins, BIN1 and Jph2. In conclusion, low dose T3 treatment initiated immediately after myocardial infarction attenuated adverse TT remodeling, improved calcium dynamics and contractility, thus supporting the potential therapeutic utility of T3 treatment in heart failure.
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19
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Myagmar BE, Ismaili T, Swigart PM, Raghunathan A, Baker AJ, Sahdeo S, Blevitt JM, Milla ME, Simpson PC. Coupling to Gq Signaling Is Required for Cardioprotection by an Alpha-1A-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist. Circ Res 2019; 125:699-706. [PMID: 31426700 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.314416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Gq signaling in cardiac myocytes is classically considered toxic. Targeting Gq directly to test this is problematic, because cardiac myocytes have many Gq-coupled receptors. OBJECTIVE Test whether Gq coupling is required for the cardioprotective effects of an alpha-1A-AR (adrenergic receptor) agonist. METHODS AND RESULTS In recombinant cells, a mouse alpha-1A-AR with a 6-residue substitution in the third intracellular loop does not couple to Gq signaling. Here we studied a knockin mouse with this alpha-1A-AR mutation. Heart alpha-1A receptor levels and antagonist affinity in the knockin were identical to wild-type. In wild-type cardiac myocytes, the selective alpha-1A agonist A61603-stimulated phosphoinositide-phospholipase C and myocyte contraction. In myocytes with the alpha-1A knockin, both A61603 effects were absent, indicating that Gq coupling was absent. Surprisingly, A61603 activation of cardioprotective ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) was markedly impaired in the KI mutant myocytes, and A61603 did not protect mutant myocytes from doxorubicin toxicity in vitro. Similarly, mice with the α1A KI mutation had increased mortality after transverse aortic constriction, and A61603 did not rescue cardiac function in mice with the Gq coupling-defective alpha-1A receptor. CONCLUSIONS Gq coupling is required for cardioprotection by an alpha-1A-AR agonist. Gq signaling can be adaptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bat-Erdene Myagmar
- From the VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA (B.-E.M., P.M.S., A.R., A.J.B., P.C.S.).,University of California, San Francisco (B.-E.M., A.J.B., P.C.S.)
| | - Taylor Ismaili
- Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, CA (T.I., S.S., J.M.B.)
| | - Philip M Swigart
- From the VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA (B.-E.M., P.M.S., A.R., A.J.B., P.C.S.)
| | - Anaha Raghunathan
- From the VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA (B.-E.M., P.M.S., A.R., A.J.B., P.C.S.)
| | - Anthony J Baker
- From the VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA (B.-E.M., P.M.S., A.R., A.J.B., P.C.S.).,University of California, San Francisco (B.-E.M., A.J.B., P.C.S.)
| | - Sunil Sahdeo
- Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, CA (T.I., S.S., J.M.B.)
| | | | | | - Paul C Simpson
- From the VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA (B.-E.M., P.M.S., A.R., A.J.B., P.C.S.).,University of California, San Francisco (B.-E.M., A.J.B., P.C.S.)
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20
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Chia LY, Evans BA, Mukaida S, Bengtsson T, Hutchinson DS, Sato M. Adrenoceptor regulation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin in muscle and adipose tissue. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2433-2448. [PMID: 30740664 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A vital role of adrenoceptors in metabolism and energy balance has been well documented in the heart, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. It has been only recently demonstrated, however, that activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) makes a significant contribution to various metabolic and physiological responses to adrenoceptor agonists. mTOR exists as two distinct complexes named mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) and has been shown to play a critical role in protein synthesis, cell proliferation, hypertrophy, mitochondrial function, and glucose uptake. This review will describe the physiological significance of mTORC1 and 2 as a novel paradigm of adrenoceptor signalling in the heart, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Understanding the detailed signalling cascades of adrenoceptors and how they regulate physiological responses is important for identifying new therapeutic targets and identifying novel therapeutic interventions. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Adrenoceptors-New Roles for Old Players. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yeong Chia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bronwyn A Evans
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Saori Mukaida
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tore Bengtsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dana S Hutchinson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Inflammation and fibrosis in murine models of heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol 2019; 114:19. [PMID: 30887214 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a consequence of various cardiovascular diseases and associated with poor prognosis. Despite progress in the treatment of heart failure in the past decades, prevalence and hospitalisation rates are still increasing. Heart failure is typically associated with cardiac remodelling. Here, inflammation and fibrosis are thought to play crucial roles. During cardiac inflammation, immune cells invade the cardiac tissue and modulate tissue-damaging responses. Cardiac fibrosis, however, is characterised by an increased amount and a disrupted composition of extracellular matrix proteins. As evidence exists that cardiac inflammation and fibrosis are potentially reversible in experimental and clinical set ups, they are interesting targets for innovative heart failure treatments. In this context, animal models are important as they mimic clinical conditions of heart failure patients. The advantages of mice in this respect are short generation times and genetic modifications. As numerous murine models of heart failure exist, the selection of a proper disease model for a distinct research question is demanding. To facilitate this selection, this review aims to provide an overview about the current understanding of the pathogenesis of cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in six frequently used murine models of heart failure. Hence, it compares the models of myocardial infarction with or without reperfusion, transverse aortic constriction, chronic subjection to angiotensin II or deoxycorticosterone acetate, and coxsackievirus B3-induced viral myocarditis in this context. It furthermore provides information about the clinical relevance and the limitations of each model, and, if applicable, about the recent advancements in their methodological proceedings.
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22
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Nucleoligands-repurposing G Protein-coupled Receptor Ligands to Modulate Nuclear-localized G Protein-coupled Receptors in the Cardiovascular System. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 71:193-204. [PMID: 28858907 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is significant evidence that internal pools of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) exist and may be affected by both endogenous signaling molecules and hydrophobic pharmaceutical ligands, once assumed to only affect cell surface versions of these receptors. Here, we discuss evidence that the biology of nuclear GPCRs in particular is complex, rich, and highly interactive with GPCR signaling from the cell surface. Caging existing GPCR ligands may be an excellent means of further stratifying the phenotypic effects of known pharmacophores such as β-adrenergic, angiotensin II, and type B endothelin receptor ligands in the cardiovascular system. We describe some synthetic strategies we have used to design ligands to go from in cellulo to in vivo experiments. We also consider how surface and intracellular GPCR signaling might be integrated and ways to dissect this. If they could be selectively targeted, nuclear GPCRs and their associated nucleoligands would represent a completely novel area for exploration by Pharma.
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Li HM, Li KY, Xing Y, Tang XX, Yang DM, Dai XM, Lu DX, Wang HD. Phenylephrine Attenuated Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Inflammation and Mitochondrial Injury Through an Effect on the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 73:186-194. [PMID: 30839512 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether phenylephrine (PE) inhibits sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction, cardiac inflammation, and mitochondrial injury through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. METHODS A rat model of sepsis was established by cecal ligation and puncture. PE and/or wortmannin (a PI3K inhibitor) were administered to investigate the role of PI3K/Akt signaling in mediating the effects of PE on inhibiting sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction, cardiac inflammation, and mitochondrial injury. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, echocardiography, and Langendorff system were used to examine the myocardial injury and function. The concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), myeloperoxidase, mitochondria-related fusion/fission proteins, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-associated proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS PE improved the cardiac function and survival in septic rats. PE decreased TNF-α, IL-6, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and myeloperoxidase contents in the myocardium of septic rats. Meanwhile, PE increased the fusion-related proteins and decreased the fission-related proteins in the myocardial mitochondria of septic rats. On the other hand, PE activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the cecal ligation and puncture-treated rats, and all the protective effects of PE were abolished by wortmannin. CONCLUSIONS PE attenuated sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction, cardiac inflammation, and mitochondrial injury through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Cowley PM, Wang G, Swigart PM, Raghunathan A, Reddy N, Dulam P, Lovett DH, Simpson PC, Baker AJ. Reversal of right ventricular failure by chronic α 1A-subtype adrenergic agonist therapy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H224-H232. [PMID: 30412439 PMCID: PMC6859419 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00507.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Right ventricular (RV) failure (RVF) is a serious disease with no effective treatment available. We recently reported a disease prevention study showing that chronic stimulation of α1A-adrenergic receptors (α1A-ARs), started at the time of RV injury, prevented the development of RVF. The present study used a clinically relevant disease reversal design to test if chronic α1A-AR stimulation, started after RVF was established, could reverse RVF. RVF was induced surgically by pulmonary artery constriction in mice. Two weeks after pulmonary artery constriction, in vivo RV fractional shortening as assessed by MRI was reduced by half relative to sham-operated controls (25 ± 2%, n = 27, vs. 52 ± 2%, n = 13, P < 10-11). Subsequent chronic treatment with the α1A-AR agonist A61603 for a further 2 wk resulted in a substantial recovery of RV fractional shortening (to 41 ± 2%, n = 17, P < 10-7 by a paired t-test) along with recovery of voluntary exercise capacity. Mechanistically, chronic A61603 treatment resulted in increased activation of the prosurvival kinase ERK, increased abundance of the antiapoptosis factor Bcl-2, and decreased myocyte necrosis evidenced by a decreased serum level of cardiac troponin. Moreover, A61603 treatment caused increased abundance of the antioxidant glutathione peroxidase-1, decreased level of reactive oxygen species, and decreased oxidative modification (carbonylation) of myofilament proteins. Consistent with these effects, A61603 treatment resulted in increased force development by cardiac myofilaments, which might have contributed to increased RV function. These findings suggest that the α1A-AR is a therapeutic target to reverse established RVF. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Currently, there are no effective therapies for right ventricular (RV) failure (RVF). This project evaluated a novel therapy for RVF. In a mouse model of RVF, chronic stimulation of α1A-adrenergic receptors with the agonist A61603 resulted in recovery of in vivo RV function, improved exercise capacity, reduced oxidative stress-related carbonylation of contractile proteins, and increased myofilament force generation. These results suggest that the α1A-adrenergic receptor is a therapeutic target to treat RVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Cowley
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, and Department of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, California
| | - Guanying Wang
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, and Department of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, California
| | - Philip M Swigart
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, and Department of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, California
| | - Anaha Raghunathan
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, and Department of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, California
| | - Nikitha Reddy
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, and Department of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, California
| | - Pranavi Dulam
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, and Department of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, California
| | - David H Lovett
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, and Department of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, California
| | - Paul C Simpson
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, and Department of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, California
| | - Anthony J Baker
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, and Department of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, California
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25
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ERK mediated survival signaling is dependent on the Gq-G-protein coupled receptor type and subcellular localization in adult cardiac myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 127:67-73. [PMID: 30528765 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors that signal through Gαq (GqPCRs), like α1-adrenergic and angiotensin receptors (α1-AR, AT-R), are traditionally thought to mediate pathologic remodeling in heart failure, including cardiac myocyte death. However, we previously demonstrated that α1- ARs are cardioprotective and identified an α1A-subtype-ERK survival-signaling pathway in adult cardiac myocytes. Recently, we demonstrated that α1-ARs localize to and signal from the nucleus, whereas AT-R localize to and signal from the sarcolemma in adult cardiac myocytes. Thus, we proposed a novel paradigm, predicated on compartmentalization of GqPCR signaling, to explain the phenotypic diversity of GqPCRs. Here, we tested the hypothesis that differential subcellular compartmentalization of α1-AR and AT-R mediated activation of ERK might explain the differential effects of these receptors on cardiac myocyte survival. Using a fluorescent ERK activity FRET-based biosensor, EKAR, to measure subcellular localization and extent of receptor-mediated ERK activation in single adult cardiac myocytes, we found that α1-ARs induced ERK activity at the nucleus and in the cytosol in 60% of cardiac myocytes, whereas AT-Rs showed no consistent ERK activation. The cell-specific α1-mediated activation of ERK in 60% of adult cardiac myocytes showed concordance with previous studies indicating that the α1A-subtype is expressed in only 60% of cardiac myocytes. Consistent with the ability to activate ERK, we found that only α1-ARs induced phosphorylation of Bcl-2 family member Bad, improved mitochondrial membrane stability, and promoted cardiac myocyte survival. In summary, our results suggest that compartmentalization of GqPCRs dictate activation of ERK and cardiac myocyte survival in adult cardiac myocytes.
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Janssen PM, Canan BD, Kilic A, Whitson BA, Baker AJ. Human Myocardium Has a Robust α1A-Subtype Adrenergic Receptor Inotropic Response. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2018; 72:136-142. [PMID: 29923888 PMCID: PMC6126952 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies report that a single subtype of α1-adrenergic receptor (α1-AR), the α1A-subtype, mediates robust cardioprotective effects in multiple experimental models of heart failure, suggesting that the α1A-subtype is a potential therapeutic target for an agonist to treat heart failure. Moreover, we recently found that the α1A-subtype is present in human heart. The goal of this study was to assess the inotropic response mediated by the α1A-subtype in human myocardium, and to determine whether the response is downregulated in myocardium from failing human heart. We measured in vitro contractile responses of cardiac muscle preparations (trabeculae) isolated from the right ventricle from nonfailing and failing human hearts. Addition of the α1A-subtype agonist A61603 (100 nM) resulted in a large positive inotropic response (force increased ≈ 2-fold). This response represented ≈70% of the response mediated by the β-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol (1 μM). Moreover, in myocardium from failing hearts, α1A-subtype responses remained robust, and only slightly reduced relative to nonfailing hearts. We conclude that α1A-subtype-mediated inotropy could represent a significant source of inotropic support in the human heart. Furthermore, the α1A-subtype remains functional in myocardium from failing human hearts and thus, might be a therapeutic target to support cardioprotective effects in patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M.L. Janssen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Benjamin D. Canan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ahmet Kilic
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bryan A Whitson
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Anthony J. Baker
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, and Department of Medicine, Univ. Calif. San Francisco, San Francisco
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27
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Dahl EF, Wu SC, Healy CL, Harsch BA, Shearer GC, O'Connell TD. Subcellular compartmentalization of proximal Gα q-receptor signaling produces unique hypertrophic phenotypes in adult cardiac myocytes. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8734-8749. [PMID: 29610273 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors that signal through Gαq (Gq receptors), such as α1-adrenergic receptors (α1-ARs) or angiotensin receptors, share a common proximal signaling pathway that activates phospholipase Cβ1 (PLCβ1), which cleaves phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to produce inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol. Despite these common proximal signaling mechanisms, Gq receptors produce distinct physiological responses, yet the mechanistic basis for this remains unclear. In the heart, Gq receptors are thought to induce myocyte hypertrophy through a mechanism termed excitation-transcription coupling, which provides a mechanistic basis for compartmentalization of calcium required for contraction versus IP3-dependent intranuclear calcium required for hypertrophy. Here, we identified subcellular compartmentalization of Gq-receptor signaling as a mechanistic basis for unique Gq receptor-induced hypertrophic phenotypes in cardiac myocytes. We show that α1-ARs co-localize with PLCβ1 and PIP2 at the nuclear membrane. Further, nuclear α1-ARs induced intranuclear PLCβ1 activity, leading to histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) export and a robust transcriptional response (i.e. significant up- or down-regulation of 806 genes). Conversely, we found that angiotensin receptors localize to the sarcolemma and induce sarcolemmal PLCβ1 activity, but fail to promote HDAC5 nuclear export, while producing a transcriptional response that is mostly a subset of α1-AR-induced transcription. In summary, these results link Gq-receptor compartmentalization in cardiac myocytes to unique hypertrophic transcription. They suggest a new model of excitation-transcription coupling in adult cardiac myocytes that accounts for differential Gq-receptor localization and better explains distinct physiological functions of Gq receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven C Wu
- Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 and
| | - Chastity L Healy
- Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 and
| | - Brian A Harsch
- the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Gregory C Shearer
- the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Timothy D O'Connell
- Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 and
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Diviani D, Osman H, Reggi E. A-Kinase Anchoring Protein-Lbc: A Molecular Scaffold Involved in Cardiac Protection. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:E12. [PMID: 29419761 PMCID: PMC5872360 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a lethal disease that can develop after myocardial infarction, hypertension, or anticancer therapy. In the damaged heart, loss of function is mainly due to cardiomyocyte death and associated cardiac remodeling and fibrosis. In this context, A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) constitute a family of scaffolding proteins that facilitate the spatiotemporal activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and other transduction enzymes involved in cardiac remodeling. AKAP-Lbc, a cardiac enriched anchoring protein, has been shown to act as a key coordinator of the activity of signaling pathways involved in cardiac protection and remodeling. This review will summarize and discuss recent advances highlighting the role of the AKAP-Lbc signalosome in orchestrating adaptive responses in the stressed heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Diviani
- Département de Pharmacologie et de Toxicologie, Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland.
| | - Halima Osman
- Département de Pharmacologie et de Toxicologie, Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland.
| | - Erica Reggi
- Département de Pharmacologie et de Toxicologie, Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland.
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29
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Yeh CC, Fan Y, Xu Y, Yang YL, Simpson PC, Mann MJ. Shift toward greater pathologic post-myocardial infarction remodeling with loss of the adaptive hypertrophic signaling of alpha1 adrenergic receptors in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188471. [PMID: 29216197 PMCID: PMC5720786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale We have hypothesized that post-infarction cardiac remodeling can be influenced by shifts in the balance between intracellular mediators of “pathologic” and “physiologic” hypertrophy. Although alpha1 adrenergic receptors (alpha1-ARs) mediate pro-adaptive hypertrophy during pressure overload, little is known about their role or downstream mediators after myocardial infarction. Methods We performed loss-of-function experiments via coronary ligation in alpha1A-AR knockout (AKO) mice. Post-myocardial infarction (MI) remodeling was evaluated via echocardiography, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of cardiac fetal gene expression, histologic analysis of myocyte size, post-MI fibrosis and apoptosis, and Western blot analysis of apoptotic regulators. Results Alpha1A-AR knockout paradoxically increased post-MI hypertrophy compared to wild type controls (WT), but also increased ventricular dilatation, fibrosis, apoptosis, and 4-week post-MI mortality (64% in AKO vs. 25% in WT, P = 0.02), suggesting a shift toward greater pathologic hypertrophy in the absence of pro-adaptive alpha1A effects. alpha1A-AR knockout increased phospho-p38 levels in the pre-MI myocardium compared to WT (0.55 ± 0.16 vs. 0.03 ± 0.01, P<0.05) but decreased phospho-ERK1/2 post-MI (0.49 ± 0.35 arbitrary units vs. 1.55 ± 0.43 in WT, P<0.05). Furthermore, expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax was increased (1.19 ± 0.15 vs. 0.78 ± 0.08, P<0.05) and expression of anti-apoptotic factors Bcl2 was decreased (0.26 ± 0.01 vs. 0.55 ± 0.06, P<0.01) compared to WT. Conclusions Alpha1A-AR provides an important counterbalance to pathologic pathways during post-MI remodeling that may be mediated through ERK1/2 signaling; these observations provide support for further development of an alpha1A-AR/ERK-based molecular intervention for this chronic, often fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Chung Yeh
- Cardiothoracic Translational Research Laboratory, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yanying Fan
- Cardiothoracic Translational Research Laboratory, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yanchun Xu
- Cardiothoracic Translational Research Laboratory, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yi-Lin Yang
- Cardiothoracic Translational Research Laboratory, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Paul C. Simpson
- Division of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Mann
- Cardiothoracic Translational Research Laboratory, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Sato M, Evans BA, Sandström AL, Chia LY, Mukaida S, Thai BS, Nguyen A, Lim L, Tan CYR, Baltos JA, White PJ, May LT, Hutchinson DS, Summers RJ, Bengtsson T. α 1A-Adrenoceptors activate mTOR signalling and glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 148:27-40. [PMID: 29175420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of G protein-coupled receptors to modulate mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity is a newly emerging paradigm with the potential to link cell surface receptors with cell survival. Cardiomyocyte viability is linked to signalling pathways involving Akt and mTOR, as well as increased glucose uptake and utilization. Our aim was to determine whether the α1A-adrenoceptor (AR) couples to these protective pathways, and increased glucose uptake. We characterised α1A-AR signalling in CHO-K1 cells co-expressing the human α1A-AR and GLUT4 (CHOα1AGLUT4myc) and in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVM), and measured glucose uptake, intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, and phosphorylation of mTOR, Akt, 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK) and S6 ribosomal protein (S6rp). In both systems, noradrenaline and the α1A-AR selective agonist A61603 stimulated glucose uptake by parallel pathways involving mTOR and AMPK, whereas another α1-AR agonist oxymetazoline increased glucose uptake predominantly by mTOR. All agonists promoted phosphorylation of mTOR at Ser2448 and Ser2481, indicating activation of both mTORC1 and mTORC2, but did not increase Akt phosphorylation. In CHOα1AGLUT4myc cells, siRNA directed against rictor but not raptor suppressed α1A-AR mediated glucose uptake. We have thus identified mTORC2 as a key component in glucose uptake stimulated by α1A-AR agonists. Our findings identify a novel link between the α1A-AR, mTORC2 and glucose uptake, that have been implicated separately in cardiomyocyte survival. Our studies provide an improved framework for examining the utility of α1A-AR selective agonists as tools in the treatment of cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Sato
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Bronwyn A Evans
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Anna L Sandström
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ling Yeong Chia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Saori Mukaida
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Bui San Thai
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Anh Nguyen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Linzi Lim
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christina Y R Tan
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jo-Anne Baltos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Paul J White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Dana S Hutchinson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Roger J Summers
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Tore Bengtsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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31
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Masukawa D, Koga M, Sezaki A, Nakao Y, Kamikubo Y, Hashimoto T, Okuyama-Oki Y, Aladeokin AC, Nakamura F, Yokoyama U, Wakui H, Ichinose H, Sakurai T, Umemura S, Tamura K, Ishikawa Y, Goshima Y. L-DOPA sensitizes vasomotor tone by modulating the vascular alpha1-adrenergic receptor. JCI Insight 2017; 2:90903. [PMID: 28931752 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure is regulated by extrinsic factors including noradrenaline, the sympathetic neurotransmitter that controls cardiovascular functions through adrenergic receptors. However, the fine-tuning system of noradrenaline signaling is relatively unknown. We here show that l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), a precursor of catecholamines, sensitizes the vascular adrenergic receptor alpha1 (ADRA1) through activation of L-DOPA receptor GPR143. In WT mice, intravenous infusion of the ADRA1 agonist phenylephrine induced a transient elevation of blood pressure. This response was attenuated in Gpr143 gene-deficient (Gpr143-/y) mice. Specific knockout of Gpr143 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) also showed a similar phenotype, indicating that L-DOPA directly modulates ADRA1 signaling in the VSMCs. L-DOPA at nanomolar concentrations alone produced no effect on the VSMCs, but it enhanced phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction and intracellular Ca2+ responses. Phenylephrine also augmented the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases in cultured VSMCs from WT but not Gpr143-/y mice. In WT mice, blood pressure increased during the transition from light-rest to dark-active phases. This elevation was not observed in Gpr143-/y mice. Taken together, our findings provide evidence for L-DOPA/GPR143 signaling that exerts precursor control of sympathetic neurotransmission through sensitizing vascular ADRA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Masukawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Motokazu Koga
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Anna Sezaki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamikubo
- Department of Pharmacology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, and
| | | | - Aderemi Caleb Aladeokin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fumio Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Utako Yokoyama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Ichinose
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakurai
- Department of Pharmacology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Goshima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Caso S, Maric D, Arambasic M, Cotecchia S, Diviani D. AKAP-Lbc mediates protection against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte toxicity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2336-2346. [PMID: 28923249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapic agent that is widely used to treat hematological and solid tumors. Despite its efficacy, DOX displays significant cardiac toxicity associated with cardiomyocytes death and heart failure. Cardiac toxicity is mainly associated with the ability of DOX to alter mitochondrial function. The current lack of treatments to efficiently prevent DOX cardiotoxicity underscores the need of new therapeutic approaches. Our current findings show that stimulation of cardiomyocytes with the α1-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist phenylephrine (PE) significantly inhibits the apoptotic effect of DOX. Importantly, our results indicate that AKAP-Lbc is critical for transducing protective signals downstream of α1-ARs. In particular, we could show that suppression of AKAP-Lbc expression by infecting primary cultures of ventricular myocytes with lentiviruses encoding AKAP-Lbc specific short hairpin (sh) RNAs strongly impairs the ability of PE to reduce DOX-induced apoptosis. AKAP-Lbc-mediated cardiomyocyte protection requires the activation of anchored protein kinase D1 (PKD1)-dependent prosurvival pathways that promote the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 and inhibit the translocation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax to mitochondria. In conclusion, AKAP-Lbc emerges as a coordinator of signals that protect cardiomyocytes against the toxic effects of DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Caso
- Département de Pharmacologie et de Toxicologie, Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland; Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Darko Maric
- Département de Pharmacologie et de Toxicologie, Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Miroslav Arambasic
- Département de Pharmacologie et de Toxicologie, Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Susanna Cotecchia
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Dario Diviani
- Département de Pharmacologie et de Toxicologie, Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland.
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Cowley PM, Wang G, Joshi S, Swigart PM, Lovett DH, Simpson PC, Baker AJ. α 1A-Subtype adrenergic agonist therapy for the failing right ventricle. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H1109-H1118. [PMID: 28822963 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00153.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Failure of the right ventricle (RV) is a serious disease with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Signaling by α1-adrenergic receptors (α1-ARs), in particular the α1A-subtype, mediate cardioprotective effects in multiple heart failure models. Recent studies have shown that chronic treatment with the α1A-subtype agonist A61603 improves function and survival in a model of left ventricular failure. The goal of the present study was to determine if chronic A61603 treatment is beneficial in a RV failure model. We used tracheal instillation of the fibrogenic antibiotic bleomycin in mice to induce pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, and RV failure within 2 wk. Some mice were chronically treated with a low dose of A61603 (10 ng·kg-1·day-1). In the bleomycin model of RV failure, chronic A61603 treatment was associated with improved RV fractional shortening and greater in vitro force development by RV muscle preparations. Cell injury markers were reduced with A61603 treatment (serum cardiac troponin I, RV fibrosis, and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2). RV oxidative stress was reduced (using the probes dihydroethidium and 4-hydroxynonenal). Consistent with lowered RV oxidative stress, A61603 was associated with an increased level of the cellular antioxidant superoxide dismutase 1 and a lower level of the prooxidant NAD(P)H oxidase isoform NOX4. In summary, in the bleomycin model of RV failure, chronic A61603 treatment reduced RV oxidative stress, RV myocyte necrosis, and RV fibrosis and increased both RV function and in vitro force development. These findings suggest that in the context of pulmonary fibrosis, the α1A-subtype is a potential therapeutic target to treat the failing RV.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Right ventricular (RV) failure is a serious disease with a poor prognosis and no effective treatments. In the mouse bleomycin model of RV failure, we tested the efficacy of a treatment using the α1A-adrenergic receptor subtype agonist A61603. Chronic A61603 treatment improved RV contraction and reduced multiple indexes of RV injury, suggesting that the α1A-subtype is a therapeutic target to treat RV failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Cowley
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Guanying Wang
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Sunil Joshi
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Philip M Swigart
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - David H Lovett
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Paul C Simpson
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Anthony J Baker
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Arce C, Vicente D, Segura V, Flacco N, Montó F, Almenar L, Agüero J, Rueda J, Jiménez-Altayó F, Vila E, Noguera MA, D'Ocon P, Ivorra MD. Activation of α 1A -adrenoceptors desensitizes the rat aorta response to phenylephrine through a neuronal NOS pathway, a mechanism lost with ageing. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:2015-2030. [PMID: 28369791 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A NO-mediated desensitization of vasoconstrictor responses evoked by stimulation of α1 -adrenoceptors has been reported in different vessels. We investigated the involvement of each α1 -adrenoceptor subtype and constitutive NOS isoforms and the influence of ageing and hypertension on this process. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), 16, 32, 52 and 72 weeks-old, were used to evaluate the desensitization process. Expression of α1 -adrenoceptor subtypes, endothelial NOS (eNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) were determined in rat aorta and left ventricle (LV). Expression levels were also evaluated in LV of a group of heart failure patients with a wide age range. KEY RESULTS Repeated application of phenylephrine decreased subsequent α1 -adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction by increasing nNOS protein expression in aorta, but not in tail or mesenteric resistance arteries, where mRNA levels of nNOS were undetectable. This desensitization process disappeared in the absence of endothelium or in the presence of L-NAME (100 μM), nNOS inhibitors, SMTC (1 μM) and TRIM (100 μM), and 5-methylurapidil (100 nM, α1A -antagonist), but not BMY7378 (10 nM, α1D -antagonist). The α1A /nNOS-mediated desensitization was absent in aged SHR and Wistar animals, where the expression of α1A -adrenoceptors was reduced in aorta and LV. In human LV, a negative correlation was found between age and α1A -adrenoceptor expression. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The α1A -adrenoceptor subtype, through endothelial nNOS-derived NO, may act as a physiological 'brake' against the detrimental effects of excessive α1 -adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction. Reduced α1A -adrenoceptor- and nNOS-mediated desensitization in aged patients could be involved in the age-dependent elevation of adrenergic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Arce
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Diana Vicente
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Vanessa Segura
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Nicla Flacco
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Fermi Montó
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Luis Almenar
- Unidad de Insuficiencia Cardiaca y Trasplantes, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaime Agüero
- Unidad de Insuficiencia Cardiaca y Trasplantes, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Rueda
- Unidad de Insuficiencia Cardiaca y Trasplantes, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Farmacologia, Terapèutica i Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Elisabet Vila
- Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Farmacologia, Terapèutica i Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Maria Antonia Noguera
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Pilar D'Ocon
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Ivorra
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
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Headrick JP, Peart JN, Budiono BP, Shum DH, Neumann DL, Stapelberg NJ. The heartbreak of depression: ‘Psycho-cardiac’ coupling in myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 106:14-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Myagmar BE, Flynn JM, Cowley PM, Swigart PM, Montgomery MD, Thai K, Nair D, Gupta R, Deng DX, Hosoda C, Melov S, Baker AJ, Simpson PC. Adrenergic Receptors in Individual Ventricular Myocytes: The Beta-1 and Alpha-1B Are in All Cells, the Alpha-1A Is in a Subpopulation, and the Beta-2 and Beta-3 Are Mostly Absent. Circ Res 2017; 120:1103-1115. [PMID: 28219977 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.310520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE It is unknown whether every ventricular myocyte expresses all 5 of the cardiac adrenergic receptors (ARs), β1, β2, β3, α1A, and α1B. The β1 and β2 are thought to be the dominant myocyte ARs. OBJECTIVE Quantify the 5 cardiac ARs in individual ventricular myocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied ventricular myocytes from wild-type mice, mice with α1A and α1B knockin reporters, and β1 and β2 knockout mice. Using individual isolated cells, we measured knockin reporters, mRNAs, signaling (phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phospholamban), and contraction. We found that the β1 and α1B were present in all myocytes. The α1A was present in 60%, with high levels in 20%. The β2 and β3 were detected in only ≈5% of myocytes, mostly in different cells. In intact heart, 30% of total β-ARs were β2 and 20% were β3, both mainly in nonmyocytes. CONCLUSION The dominant ventricular myocyte ARs present in all cells are the β1 and α1B. The β2 and β3 are mostly absent in myocytes but are abundant in nonmyocytes. The α1A is in just over half of cells, but only 20% have high levels. Four distinct myocyte AR phenotypes are defined: 30% of cells with β1 and α1B only; 60% that also have the α1A; and 5% each that also have the β2 or β3. The results raise cautions in experimental design, such as receptor overexpression in myocytes that do not express the AR normally. The data suggest new paradigms in cardiac adrenergic signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bat-Erdene Myagmar
- From the Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA (B.-E.M., P.M.C., P.M.S., M.D.M., K.T., D.N., R.G., D.X.D., C.H., A.J.B., P.C.S.); Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (B.-E.M., P.M.C., M.D.M., D.X.D., C.H., A.J.B., P.C.S.); and Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA (J.M.F., S.M.)
| | - James M Flynn
- From the Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA (B.-E.M., P.M.C., P.M.S., M.D.M., K.T., D.N., R.G., D.X.D., C.H., A.J.B., P.C.S.); Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (B.-E.M., P.M.C., M.D.M., D.X.D., C.H., A.J.B., P.C.S.); and Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA (J.M.F., S.M.)
| | - Patrick M Cowley
- From the Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA (B.-E.M., P.M.C., P.M.S., M.D.M., K.T., D.N., R.G., D.X.D., C.H., A.J.B., P.C.S.); Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (B.-E.M., P.M.C., M.D.M., D.X.D., C.H., A.J.B., P.C.S.); and Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA (J.M.F., S.M.)
| | - Philip M Swigart
- From the Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA (B.-E.M., P.M.C., P.M.S., M.D.M., K.T., D.N., R.G., D.X.D., C.H., A.J.B., P.C.S.); Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (B.-E.M., P.M.C., M.D.M., D.X.D., C.H., A.J.B., P.C.S.); and Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA (J.M.F., S.M.)
| | - Megan D Montgomery
- From the Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA (B.-E.M., P.M.C., P.M.S., M.D.M., K.T., D.N., R.G., D.X.D., C.H., A.J.B., P.C.S.); Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (B.-E.M., P.M.C., M.D.M., D.X.D., C.H., A.J.B., P.C.S.); and Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA (J.M.F., S.M.)
| | - Kevin Thai
- From the Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA (B.-E.M., P.M.C., P.M.S., M.D.M., K.T., D.N., R.G., D.X.D., C.H., A.J.B., P.C.S.); Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (B.-E.M., P.M.C., M.D.M., D.X.D., C.H., A.J.B., P.C.S.); and Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA (J.M.F., S.M.)
| | - Divya Nair
- From the Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA (B.-E.M., P.M.C., P.M.S., M.D.M., K.T., D.N., R.G., D.X.D., C.H., A.J.B., P.C.S.); Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (B.-E.M., P.M.C., M.D.M., D.X.D., C.H., A.J.B., P.C.S.); and Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA (J.M.F., S.M.)
| | - Rumita Gupta
- From the Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA (B.-E.M., P.M.C., P.M.S., M.D.M., K.T., D.N., R.G., D.X.D., C.H., A.J.B., P.C.S.); Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (B.-E.M., P.M.C., M.D.M., D.X.D., C.H., A.J.B., P.C.S.); and Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA (J.M.F., S.M.)
| | - David X Deng
- From the Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA (B.-E.M., P.M.C., P.M.S., M.D.M., K.T., D.N., R.G., D.X.D., C.H., A.J.B., P.C.S.); Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (B.-E.M., P.M.C., M.D.M., D.X.D., C.H., A.J.B., P.C.S.); and Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA (J.M.F., S.M.)
| | - Chihiro Hosoda
- From the Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA (B.-E.M., P.M.C., P.M.S., M.D.M., K.T., D.N., R.G., D.X.D., C.H., A.J.B., P.C.S.); Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (B.-E.M., P.M.C., M.D.M., D.X.D., C.H., A.J.B., P.C.S.); and Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA (J.M.F., S.M.)
| | - Simon Melov
- From the Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA (B.-E.M., P.M.C., P.M.S., M.D.M., K.T., D.N., R.G., D.X.D., C.H., A.J.B., P.C.S.); Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (B.-E.M., P.M.C., M.D.M., D.X.D., C.H., A.J.B., P.C.S.); and Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA (J.M.F., S.M.)
| | - Anthony J Baker
- From the Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA (B.-E.M., P.M.C., P.M.S., M.D.M., K.T., D.N., R.G., D.X.D., C.H., A.J.B., P.C.S.); Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (B.-E.M., P.M.C., M.D.M., D.X.D., C.H., A.J.B., P.C.S.); and Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA (J.M.F., S.M.)
| | - Paul C Simpson
- From the Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA (B.-E.M., P.M.C., P.M.S., M.D.M., K.T., D.N., R.G., D.X.D., C.H., A.J.B., P.C.S.); Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (B.-E.M., P.M.C., M.D.M., D.X.D., C.H., A.J.B., P.C.S.); and Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA (J.M.F., S.M.).
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Abstract
There are 2 α1-ARs on cardiac myocytes: α1A and α1B. α1A adrenergic receptors serve important cardioprotective roles and do not mediate cardiac hypertrophy. Dabuzalgron, an oral α1A-AR agonist developed for the treatment of urinary incontinence and tolerated well in Phase 2 clinical trials, protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in vivo. Dabuzalgron enhances contractile function, regulates transcription of genes related to energy production and mitochondrial function, and preserves myocardial ATP content after doxorubicin. Activation of α1A-ARs on cardiomyocytes protects against doxorubicin cytotoxicity and enhances mitochondrial function in vitro. These cytoprotective effects likely are mediated by activation of ERK 1/2. Future studies will explore whether dabuzalgron, a well-tolerated oral α1A-AR agonist, might be repurposed to treat heart failure.
Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors (α1-ARs) play adaptive and protective roles in the heart. Dabuzalgron is an oral selective α1A-AR agonist that was well tolerated in multiple clinical trials of treatment for urinary incontinence, but has never been used to treat heart disease in humans or animal models. In this study, the authors administered dabuzalgron to mice treated with doxorubicin (DOX), a widely used chemotherapeutic agent with dose-limiting cardiotoxicity that can lead to heart failure (HF). Dabuzalgron protected against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, likely by preserving mitochondrial function. These results suggest that activating cardiac α1A-ARs with dabuzalgron, a well-tolerated oral agent, might represent a novel approach to treating HF.
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Jovancevic N, Wunderlich KA, Haering C, Flegel C, Maßberg D, Weinrich M, Weber L, Tebbe L, Kampik A, Gisselmann G, Wolfrum U, Hatt H, Gelis L. Deep Sequencing of the Human Retinae Reveals the Expression of Odorant Receptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:03. [PMID: 28174521 PMCID: PMC5258773 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that the expression of odorant receptors (ORs) occurs in various tissues. These findings have served as a basis for functional studies that demonstrate the potential of ORs as drug targets for a clinical application. To the best of our knowledge, this report describes the first evaluation of the mRNA expression of ORs and the localization of OR proteins in the human retina that set a stage for subsequent functional analyses. RNA-Sequencing datasets of three individual neural retinae were generated using Next-generation sequencing and were compared to previously published but reanalyzed datasets of the peripheral and the macular human retina and to reference tissues. The protein localization of several ORs was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The transcriptome analyses detected an average of 14 OR transcripts in the neural retina, of which OR6B3 is one of the most highly expressed ORs. Immunohistochemical stainings of retina sections localized OR2W3 to the photosensitive outer segment membranes of cones, whereas OR6B3 was found in various cell types. OR5P3 and OR10AD1 were detected at the base of the photoreceptor connecting cilium, and OR10AD1 was also localized to the nuclear envelope of all of the nuclei of the retina. The cell type-specific expression of the ORs in the retina suggests that there are unique biological functions for those receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirsten A Wunderlich
- Department of Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudia Haering
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Caroline Flegel
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Désirée Maßberg
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Markus Weinrich
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Lea Weber
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars Tebbe
- Department of Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Anselm Kampik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Günter Gisselmann
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Department of Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Hanns Hatt
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Lian Gelis
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum, Germany
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Montgomery MD, Chan T, Swigart PM, Myagmar BE, Dash R, Simpson PC. An Alpha-1A Adrenergic Receptor Agonist Prevents Acute Doxorubicin Cardiomyopathy in Male Mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168409. [PMID: 28081170 PMCID: PMC5231318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors mediate adaptive effects in the heart and cardiac myocytes, and a myocyte survival pathway involving the alpha-1A receptor subtype and ERK activation exists in vitro. However, data in vivo are limited. Here we tested A61603 (N-[5-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl]methanesulfonamide), a selective imidazoline agonist for the alpha-1A. A61603 was the most potent alpha-1-agonist in activating ERK in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. A61603 activated ERK in adult mouse ventricular myocytes and protected the cells from death caused by the anthracycline doxorubicin. A low dose of A61603 (10 ng/kg/d) activated ERK in the mouse heart in vivo, but did not change blood pressure. In male mice, concurrent subcutaneous A61603 infusion at 10 ng/kg/d for 7 days after a single intraperitoneal dose of doxorubicin (25 mg/kg) increased survival, improved cardiac function, heart rate, and cardiac output by echocardiography, and reduced cardiac cell necrosis and apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis. All protective effects were lost in alpha-1A-knockout mice. In female mice, doxorubicin at doses higher than in males (35-40 mg/kg) caused less cardiac toxicity than in males. We conclude that the alpha-1A-selective agonist A61603, via the alpha-1A adrenergic receptor, prevents doxorubicin cardiomyopathy in male mice, supporting the theory that alpha-1A adrenergic receptor agonists have potential as novel heart failure therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan D. Montgomery
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Trevor Chan
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Philip M. Swigart
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Bat-erdene Myagmar
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Rajesh Dash
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Paul C. Simpson
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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Signaling Pathways in Cardiac Myocyte Apoptosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9583268. [PMID: 28101515 PMCID: PMC5215135 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9583268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, the number 1 cause of death worldwide, are frequently associated with apoptotic death of cardiac myocytes. Since cardiomyocyte apoptosis is a highly regulated process, pharmacological intervention of apoptosis pathways may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for a number of cardiovascular diseases and disorders including myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion injury, chemotherapy cardiotoxicity, and end-stage heart failure. Despite rapid growth of our knowledge in apoptosis signaling pathways, a clinically applicable treatment targeting this cellular process is currently unavailable. To help identify potential innovative directions for future research, it is necessary to have a full understanding of the apoptotic pathways currently known to be functional in cardiac myocytes. Here, we summarize recent progress in the regulation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis by multiple signaling molecules and pathways, with a focus on the involvement of these pathways in the pathogenesis of heart disease. In addition, we provide an update regarding bench to bedside translation of this knowledge and discuss unanswered questions that need further investigation.
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Johnston S, Staines D, Klein A, Marshall-Gradisnik S. A targeted genome association study examining transient receptor potential ion channels, acetylcholine receptors, and adrenergic receptors in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 17:79. [PMID: 27835969 PMCID: PMC5105265 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-016-0342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, also known as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is a debilitating condition of unknown aetiology. It is characterized by a range of physiological effects including neurological, sensory and motor disturbances. This study examined candidate genes for the above clinical manifestations to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) alleles associated with CFS/ME compared with healthy controls. Methods DNA was extracted and whole genome genotyping was performed using the HumanOmniExpress BeadChip array. Gene families for transient receptor potential ion channels, acetylcholine receptors, and adrenergic receptors, and acetylcholinesterase were targeted. The frequency of each SNP and their association between CFS/ME and healthy controls was examined using Fisher’s exact test, and to adjust for multiple testing, False Detection Rate (FDR) and Bonferroni corrections were applied (p < 0.05). Results The study included 172 participants, consisting of 95 Fukuda defined CFS/ME patients (45.8 ± 8.9; 69 % female) and 77 healthy controls (42.3 ± 10.3; 63 % female). A total of 950 SNPs were included for analysis. 60 significant SNPs were associated with CFS/ME compared with healthy controls. After applying FDR and Bonferroni corrections, SNP rs2322333 in adrenergic receptor α1 (ADRA1A) was higher in CFS/ME compared with healthy controls (45.3 % vs. 23.4 %; p = 0.059). The genotype class that was homozygous minor (AA) was substantially lower in CFS/ME compared with healthy controls (4.2 % vs. 24.7 %). Conclusions This study reports for the first time the identification of ADRA1A and a possible association between CFS/ME and genotype classes. Further examination of the functional role of this class of adrenergic receptors may elucidate the cause of particular clinical manifestations observed in CFS/ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Johnston
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. .,The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
| | - Donald Staines
- The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Anne Klein
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
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Li XL, Zeng D, Chen Y, Ding L, Li WJ, Wei T, Ou DB, Yan S, Wang B, Zheng QS. Role of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors in cardiomyocyte differentiation from murine-induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Prolif 2016; 50. [PMID: 27790820 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes are a promising source of cells for regenerative heart disease therapies, but progress towards their use has been limited by their low differentiation efficiency and high cellular heterogeneity. Previous studies have demonstrated expression of adrenergic receptors (ARs) in stem cells after differentiation; however, roles of ARs in fate specification of stem cells, particularly in cardiomyocyte differentiation and development, have not been characterized. MATERIALS AND METHODS Murine-induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs) were cultured in hanging drops to form embryoid bodies, cells of which were then differentiated into cardiomyocytes. To determine whether ARs regulated miPSC differentiation into cardiac lineages, effects of the AR agonist, epinephrine (EPI), on miPSC differentiation and underlying signalling mechanisms, were evaluated. RESULTS Treatment with EPI, robustly enhanced miPSC cardiac differentiation, as indicated by increased expression levels of cardiac-specific markers, GATA4, Nkx2.5 and Tnnt2. Although β-AR signalling is the foremost signalling pathway in cardiomyocytes, EPI-enhanced cardiac differentiation depended more on α-AR signalling than β-AR signalling. In addition, selective activation of α1 -AR signalling with specific agonists induced vigorous cardiomyocyte differentiation, whereas selective activation of α2 - or β-AR signalling induced no or less differentiation, respectively. EPI- and α1 -AR-dependent cardiomyocyte differentiation from miPSCs occurred through specific promotion of CPC proliferation via the MEK-ERK1/2 pathway and regulation of miPS cell-cycle progression. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that activation of ARs, particularly of α1 -ARs, promoted miPSC differentiation into cardiac lineages via MEK-ERK1/2 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Di Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA No.401 Hospital, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Wen-Ju Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Dong-Bo Ou
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Song Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Qiang-Sun Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
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Willis MS, Ilaiwy A, Montgomery MD, Simpson PC, Jensen BC. The alpha-1A adrenergic receptor agonist A61603 reduces cardiac polyunsaturated fatty acid and endocannabinoid metabolites associated with inflammation in vivo. Metabolomics 2016; 12:155. [PMID: 28533737 PMCID: PMC5437747 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-1097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alpha-1-adrenergic receptors (α1-ARs) are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) with three highly homologous subtypes (α1A, α1B, and α1D). Of these three subtypes, only the α1A and α1B are expressed in the heart. Multiple pre-clinical models of heart injury demonstrate cardioprotective roles for the α1A. Non-selective α1-AR activation promotes glycolysis in the heart, but the functional α1-AR subtype and broader metabolic effects have not been studied. OBJECTIVES Given the high metabolic demands of the heart and previous evidence indicating benefit from α1A activation, we chose to investigate the effects of α1A activation on the cardiac metabolome in vivo. METHODS Mice were treated for one week with a low, subpressor dose of A61603, a highly selective and potent α1A agonist. Cardiac tissue and serum were analyzed using a non-targeted metabolomics approach. RESULTS We identified previously unrecognized metabolic responses to α1A activation, most notably broad reduction in the abundance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and endocannabinoids (ECs). CONCLUSION Given the well characterized roles of PUFAs and ECs in inflammatory pathways, these findings suggest a possible role for cardiac α1A-ARs in the regulation of inflammation and may offer novel insight into the mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective benefit of selective pharmacologic α1A activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monte S. Willis
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Amro Ilaiwy
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Paul C. Simpson
- VA Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian C. Jensen
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Thomas RC, Cowley PM, Singh A, Myagmar BE, Swigart PM, Baker AJ, Simpson PC. The Alpha-1A Adrenergic Receptor in the Rabbit Heart. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155238. [PMID: 27258143 PMCID: PMC4892533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The alpha-1A-adrenergic receptor (AR) subtype is associated with cardioprotective signaling in the mouse and human heart. The rabbit is useful for cardiac disease modeling, but data on the alpha-1A in the rabbit heart are limited. Our objective was to test for expression and function of the alpha-1A in rabbit heart. By quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qPCR) on mRNA from ventricular myocardium of adult male New Zealand White rabbits, the alpha-1B was 99% of total alpha-1-AR mRNA, with <1% alpha-1A and alpha-1D, whereas alpha-1A mRNA was over 50% of total in brain and liver. Saturation radioligand binding identified ~4 fmol total alpha-1-ARs per mg myocardial protein, with 17% alpha-1A by competition with the selective antagonist 5-methylurapidil. The alpha-1D was not detected by competition with BMY-7378, indicating that 83% of alpha-1-ARs were alpha-1B. In isolated left ventricle and right ventricle, the selective alpha-1A agonist A61603 stimulated a negative inotropic effect, versus a positive inotropic effect with the nonselective alpha-1-agonist phenylephrine and the beta-agonist isoproterenol. Blood pressure assay in conscious rabbits using an indwelling aortic telemeter showed that A61603 by bolus intravenous dosing increased mean arterial pressure by 20 mm Hg at 0.14 μg/kg, 10-fold lower than norepinephrine, and chronic A61603 infusion by iPRECIO programmable micro Infusion pump did not increase BP at 22 μg/kg/d. A myocardial slice model useful in human myocardium and an anthracycline cardiotoxicity model useful in mouse were both problematic in rabbit. We conclude that alpha-1A mRNA is very low in rabbit heart, but the receptor is present by binding and mediates a negative inotropic response. Expression and function of the alpha-1A in rabbit heart differ from mouse and human, but the vasopressor response is similar to mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Croft Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, and Research Service, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Patrick M. Cowley
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, and Research Service, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Abhishek Singh
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, and Research Service, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Bat-Erdene Myagmar
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, and Research Service, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Philip M. Swigart
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, and Research Service, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Anthony J. Baker
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, and Research Service, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Paul C. Simpson
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, and Research Service, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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Thomas RC, Singh A, Cowley P, Myagmar BE, Montgomery MD, Swigart PM, De Marco T, Baker AJ, Simpson PC. A Myocardial Slice Culture Model Reveals Alpha-1A-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling in the Human Heart. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 1:155-167. [PMID: 27453955 PMCID: PMC4955869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The authors used 52 nonfailing and failing human hearts to develop a simple, high throughput left ventricular myocardial slice model that is stable by ATP and viability assays for at least 3 days. The model supports studies of signaling, contraction, and viral transduction. They use the model to show for the first time that the alpha-1A-adrenergic receptor, which is present at very low abundance in the human myocardium, activates cardioprotective ERK with nanomolar EC50 in failing heart slices and stimulates a positive inotropic effect. This model should be useful for translational studies, to test whether molecules discovered in basic experiments are functional in the human heart. Model for translational studies Human LV slices Simple, high throughput, viable Assays signaling and contraction Supports viral transduction Useful for proof-of-concept in man Shows the α1A-AR functions in human heart
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Affiliation(s)
- R Croft Thomas
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Abhishek Singh
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Patrick Cowley
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Bat-Erdene Myagmar
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Megan D Montgomery
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Teresa De Marco
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Anthony J Baker
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Paul C Simpson
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
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Smrcka AV. Regulation of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C at the nuclear envelope in cardiac myocytes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2016; 65:203-10. [PMID: 25658460 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis at the plasma membrane by phospholipase C is one of the major hormone regulated intracellular signaling systems. The system generates the diffusible second messenger IP3 and the membrane bound messenger diacylglycerol. Spatial regulation of this system has been thought to be through specific subcellular distributions of the IP3 receptor or PKC. As is becoming increasingly apparent, receptor-stimulated signaling systems are also found at intracellular membranes. As discussed in this issue, G protein-coupled receptors have been identified at the nuclear envelope implying intracellular localization of the signaling systems that respond to G protein-coupled receptors. Here, we discuss the evidence for the existence of PLC signals that regulate nuclear processes, as well as the evidence for nuclear and nuclear envelope localization of PLC signaling components, and their implications for cardiac physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan V Smrcka
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
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Abstract
Although convention dictates that G protein-coupled receptors localize to and signal at the plasma membrane, accumulating evidence suggests that G protein-coupled receptors localize to and signal at intracellular membranes, most notably the nucleus. In fact, there is now significant evidence indicating that endogenous alpha-1 adrenergic receptors (α1-ARs) localize to and signal at the nuclei in adult cardiac myocytes. Cumulatively, the data suggest that α1-ARs localize to the inner nuclear membrane, activate intranuclear signaling, and regulate physiologic function in adult cardiac myocytes. Although α1-ARs signal through Gαq, unlike other Gq-coupled receptors, α1-ARs mediate important cardioprotective functions including adaptive/physiologic hypertrophy, protection from cell death (survival signaling), positive inotropy, and preconditioning. Also unlike other Gq-coupled receptors, most, if not all, functional α1-ARs localize to the nuclei in adult cardiac myocytes, as opposed to the sarcolemma. Together, α1-AR nuclear localization and cardioprotection might suggest a novel model for compartmentalization of Gq-coupled receptor signaling in which nuclear Gq-coupled receptor signaling is cardioprotective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Simpson
- From the VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA; and University of California, Department of Medicine and CVRI, San Francisco.
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Shi T, Papay RS, Perez DM. α1A-Adrenergic receptor prevents cardiac ischemic damage through PKCδ/GLUT1/4-mediated glucose uptake. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2015; 36:261-70. [PMID: 26832303 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2015.1091475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
While α(1)-adrenergic receptors (ARs) have been previously shown to limit ischemic cardiac damage, the mechanisms remain unclear. Most previous studies utilized low oxygen conditions in addition to ischemic buffers with glucose deficiencies, but we discovered profound differences if the two conditions are separated. We assessed both mouse neonatal and adult myocytes and HL-1 cells in a series of assays assessing ischemic damage under hypoxic or low glucose conditions. We found that α(1)-AR stimulation protected against increased lactate dehydrogenase release or Annexin V(+) apoptosis under conditions that were due to low glucose concentration not to hypoxia. The α(1)-AR antagonist prazosin or nonselective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors blocked the protective effect. α(1)-AR stimulation increased (3)H-deoxyglucose uptake that was blocked with either an inhibitor to glucose transporter 1 or 4 (GLUT1 or GLUT4) or small interfering RNA (siRNA) against PKCδ. GLUT1/4 inhibition also blocked α(1)-AR-mediated protection from apoptosis. The PKC inhibitor rottlerin or siRNA against PKCδ blocked α(1)-AR stimulated GLUT1 or GLUT4 plasma membrane translocation. α(1)-AR stimulation increased plasma membrane concentration of either GLUT1 or GLUT4 in a time-dependent fashion. Transgenic mice overexpressing the α(1A)-AR but not α(1B)-AR mice displayed increased glucose uptake and increased GLUT1 and GLUT4 plasma membrane translocation in the adult heart while α(1A)-AR but not α(1B)-AR knockout mice displayed lowered glucose uptake and GLUT translocation. Our results suggest that α(1)-AR activation is anti-apoptotic and protective during cardiac ischemia due to glucose deprivation and not hypoxia by enhancing glucose uptake into the heart via PKCδ-mediated GLUT translocation that may be specific to the α(1A)-AR subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shi
- a Department of Molecular Cardiology , Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Robert S Papay
- a Department of Molecular Cardiology , Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Dianne M Perez
- a Department of Molecular Cardiology , Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland , OH , USA
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Zhao X, Balaji P, Pachon R, Beniamen DM, Vatner DE, Graham RM, Vatner SF. Overexpression of Cardiomyocyte α1A-Adrenergic Receptors Attenuates Postinfarct Remodeling by Inducing Angiogenesis Through Heterocellular Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2451-9. [PMID: 26338300 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stimulation of cardiac α1A-adrenergic receptors (α1A-AR) has been proposed for treatment of heart failure, since it increases myocardial contractility. We investigated a different mechanism, induction of angiogenesis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Four to 6 weeks after permanent coronary artery occlusion, transgenic rats with cardiomyocyte-specific α1A-adrenergic receptor overexpression had less remodeling than their nontransgenic littermates, with less fibrosis, hypertrophy and lung weight, and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction and wall stress (all P<0.05). Coronary blood flow, measured with microspheres, increased in the infarct zone in transgenic rats compared with nontransgenic littermates (1.4±0.2 versus 0.5±0.08 mL min(-1) g(-1); P<0.05), which is consistent with angiogenesis, as reflected by a 20% increase in capillary density in the zone adjacent to the infarct. The question arose, how does transgenic overexpression of a gene in cardiomyocytes induce angiogenesis? We identified a paracrine mechanism, whereby vascular endothelial growth factor-A mRNA and protein were increased in isolated transgenic cardiomyocytes and also by nontransgenic littermate cardiomyocytes treated with an α1A-agonist, resulting in angiogenesis. Conditioned medium from cultured cardiomyocytes treated with an α1A agonist enhanced human umbilical vein endothelial cell tubule formation, which was blocked by an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor-A antibody. Moreover, improved cardiac function, blood flow, and increased capillary density after chronic coronary artery occlusion in transgenic rats were blocked by either a mitogen ERK kinase (MEK) or a vascular endothelial growth factor-A inhibitor. CONCLUSION Cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of the α1A-adrenergic receptors resulted in enhanced MEK-dependent cardiomyocyte vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression, which stimulates angiogenesis via a paracrine mechanism involving heterocellular cardiomyocyte/endothelial cell signaling, protecting against remodeling and heart failure after chronic coronary artery occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark (X.Z., R.P., D.E.V., S.F.V.); and Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (P.B., D.M.B., R.M.G.)
| | - Poornima Balaji
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark (X.Z., R.P., D.E.V., S.F.V.); and Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (P.B., D.M.B., R.M.G.)
| | - Ronald Pachon
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark (X.Z., R.P., D.E.V., S.F.V.); and Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (P.B., D.M.B., R.M.G.)
| | - Daniella M Beniamen
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark (X.Z., R.P., D.E.V., S.F.V.); and Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (P.B., D.M.B., R.M.G.)
| | - Dorothy E Vatner
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark (X.Z., R.P., D.E.V., S.F.V.); and Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (P.B., D.M.B., R.M.G.)
| | - Robert M Graham
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark (X.Z., R.P., D.E.V., S.F.V.); and Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (P.B., D.M.B., R.M.G.)
| | - Stephen F Vatner
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark (X.Z., R.P., D.E.V., S.F.V.); and Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (P.B., D.M.B., R.M.G.).
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