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Ashok A, Kalthur G, Kumar A. Degradation meets development: Implications in β-cell development and diabetes. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:759-776. [PMID: 38499517 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic development is orchestrated by timely synthesis and degradation of stage-specific transcription factors (TFs). The transition from one stage to another stage is dependent on the precise expression of the developmentally relevant TFs. Persistent expression of particular TF would impede the exit from the progenitor stage to the matured cell type. Intracellular protein degradation-mediated protein turnover contributes to a major extent to the turnover of these TFs and thereby dictates the development of different tissues. Since even subtle changes in the crucial cellular pathways would dramatically impact pancreatic β-cell performance, it is generally acknowledged that the biological activity of these pathways is tightly regulated by protein synthesis and degradation process. Intracellular protein degradation is executed majorly by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and Lysosomal degradation pathway. As more than 90% of the TFs are targeted to proteasomal degradation, this review aims to examine the crucial role of UPS in normal pancreatic β-cell development and how dysfunction of these pathways manifests in metabolic syndromes such as diabetes. Such understanding would facilitate designing a faithful approach to obtain a therapeutic quality of β-cells from stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Ashok
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Anujith Kumar
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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2
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Wang S, Guo Q, Zhou L, Xia X. Ferroptosis: A double-edged sword. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:265. [PMID: 38816377 PMCID: PMC11139933 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02037-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis represents a form of programmed cell death that is propelled by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, thereby being distinguished by the prominent features of iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis has been implicated in numerous physiological and pathological phenomena, with mounting indications that it holds significant implications for cancer and other medical conditions. On one side, it demonstrates anti-cancer properties by triggering ferroptosis within malignant cells, and on the other hand, it damages normal cells causing other diseases. Therefore, in this paper, we propose to review the paradoxical regulation of ferroptosis in tumors and other diseases. First, we introduce the development history, concept and mechanism of ferroptosis. The second part focuses on the methods of inducing ferroptosis in tumors. The third section emphasizes the utilization of ferroptosis in different medical conditions and strategies to inhibit ferroptosis. The fourth part elucidates the key contradictions in the control of ferroptosis. Finally, potential research avenues in associated domains are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Qiuyan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Xinhua Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.
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3
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Xia W, Zhang M, Liu C, Wang S, Xu A, Xia Z, Pang L, Cai Y. Exploring the therapeutic potential of tetrahydrobiopterin for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A path forward. Life Sci 2024; 345:122594. [PMID: 38537900 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
A large number of patients are affected by classical heart failure (HF) symptomatology with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and multiorgan syndrome. Due to high morbidity and mortality rate, hospitalization and mortality remain serious socioeconomic problems, while the lack of effective pharmacological or device treatment means that HFpEF presents a major unmet medical need. Evidence from clinical and basic studies demonstrates that systemic inflammation, increased oxidative stress, and impaired mitochondrial function are the common pathological mechanisms in HFpEF. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), beyond being an endogenous co-factor for catalyzing the conversion of some essential biomolecules, has the capacity to prevent systemic inflammation, enhance antioxidant resistance, and modulate mitochondrial energy production. Therefore, BH4 has emerged in the last decade as a promising agent to prevent or reverse the progression of disorders such as cardiovascular disease. In this review, we cover the clinical progress and limitations of using downstream targets of nitric oxide (NO) through NO donors, soluble guanylate cyclase activators, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in treating cardiovascular diseases, including HFpEF. We discuss the use of BH4 in association with HFpEF, providing new evidence for its potential use as a pharmacological option for treating HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Xia
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Pang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China.
| | - Yin Cai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Research Center for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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4
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Zhang L, Wu X, Hong L. Endothelial Reprogramming in Atherosclerosis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:325. [PMID: 38671747 PMCID: PMC11048243 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a severe vascular disease that results in millions of cases of mortality each year. The development of atherosclerosis is associated with vascular structural lesions, characterized by the accumulation of immune cells, mesenchymal cells, lipids, and an extracellular matrix at the intimal resulting in the formation of an atheromatous plaque. AS involves complex interactions among various cell types, including macrophages, endothelial cells (ECs), and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Endothelial dysfunction plays an essential role in the initiation and progression of AS. Endothelial dysfunction can encompass a constellation of various non-adaptive dynamic alterations of biology and function, termed "endothelial reprogramming". This phenomenon involves transitioning from a quiescent, anti-inflammatory state to a pro-inflammatory and proatherogenic state and alterations in endothelial cell identity, such as endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and endothelial-to-immune cell-like transition (EndIT). Targeting these processes to restore endothelial balance and prevent cell identity shifts, alongside modulating epigenetic factors, can attenuate atherosclerosis progression. In the present review, we discuss the role of endothelial cells in AS and summarize studies in endothelial reprogramming associated with the pathogenesis of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Liang Hong
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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5
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Li Y, Wei C, Yan J, Li F, Chen B, Sun Y, Luo K, He B, Liang Y. The application of nanoparticles based on ferroptosis in cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:413-435. [PMID: 38112639 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02308g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new form of non-apoptotic programmed cell death. Due to its effectiveness in cancer treatment, there are increasing studies on the application of nanoparticles based on ferroptosis in cancer therapy. In this paper, we present a summary of the latest progress in nanoparticles based on ferroptosis for effective tumor therapy. We also describe the combined treatment of ferroptosis with other therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, phototherapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy. This summary of drug delivery systems based on ferroptosis aims to provide a basis and inspire opinions for researchers concentrating on exploring this field. Finally, we present some prospects and challenges for the application of nanotherapies to clinical treatment by promoting ferroptosis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China.
| | - Chen Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao 266034, China
| | - Jianqin Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China.
| | - Fashun Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China.
| | - Bohan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China.
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China.
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China.
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Luo S, Ye D, Wang Y, Liu X, Wang X, Xie L, Ji Y. Roles of Protein S-Nitrosylation in Endothelial Homeostasis and Dysfunction. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:186-205. [PMID: 37742108 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Nitric oxide (NO) plays several distinct roles in endothelial homeostasis. Except for activating the guanylyl cyclase enzyme-dependent cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling pathway, NO can bind reactive cysteine residues in target proteins, a process known as S-nitrosylation (SNO). SNO is proposed to explain the multiple biological functions of NO in the endothelium. Investigating the targets and mechanism of protein SNO in endothelial cells (ECs) can provide new strategies for treating endothelial dysfunction-related diseases. Recent Advances: In response to different environments, proteomics has identified multiple SNO targets in ECs. Functional studies confirm that SNO regulates NO bioavailability, inflammation, permeability, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and insulin sensitivity in ECs. It also influences EC proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and transdifferentiation. Critical Issues: Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of ECs isolated from different mouse tissues showed heterogeneous gene signatures. However, litter research focuses on the heterogeneous properties of SNO proteins in ECs derived from different tissues. Although metabolism reprogramming plays a vital role in endothelial functions, little is known about how protein SNO regulates metabolism reprogramming in ECs. Future Directions: Precisely deciphering the effects of protein SNO in ECs isolated from different tissues under different conditions is necessary to further characterize the relationship between protein SNO and endothelial dysfunction-related diseases. In addition, identifying SNO targets that can influence endothelial metabolic reprogramming and the underlying mechanism can offer new views on the crosstalk between metabolism and post-translational protein modification. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 186-205.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danyu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, the Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
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7
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Li J, Li L, Zhang Z, Chen P, Shu H, Yang C, Chu Y, Liu J. Ferroptosis: an important player in the inflammatory response in diabetic nephropathy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1294317. [PMID: 38111578 PMCID: PMC10725962 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects millions of diabetic patients worldwide. The key to treating of DN is early diagnosis and prevention. Once the patient enters the clinical proteinuria stage, renal damage is difficult to reverse. Therefore, developing early treatment methods is critical. DN pathogenesis results from various factors, among which the immune response and inflammation play major roles. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of programmed cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and excessive ROS production. Recent studies have demonstrated that inflammation activation is closely related to the occurrence and development of ferroptosis. Moreover, hyperglycemia induces iron overload, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal fibrosis, all of which are related to DN pathogenesis, indicating that ferroptosis plays a key role in the development of DN. Therefore, this review focuses on the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis, and the mutual regulatory processes involved in the occurrence and development of DN and inflammation. By discussing and analyzing the relationship between ferroptosis and inflammation in the occurrence and development of DN, we can deepen our understanding of DN pathogenesis and develop new therapeutics targeting ferroptosis or inflammation-related regulatory mechanisms for patients with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Luxin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- School of First Clinical Medical College, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Peijian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Haiying Shu
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Can Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yanhui Chu
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jieting Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
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8
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Wang P, Fan S, Hu X, Luo L, Ying J, Li J. MG132, Attenuates the Retinal Vascular Injury Through the Upregulation of Nrf2 Expression. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2023; 39:661-671. [PMID: 37729070 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2023.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study clarifies the beneficial effects of MG132, a proteasomal inhibitor, on retinal vascular injury mediated by diabetes-induced oxidative stress through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Methods: Diabetic rats and control animals were randomly assigned to receive MG132 or vehicle for 24 weeks, and human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) were incubated with normal or high glucose with or without MG132. 26S proteasome activity in the rat retinas or cultured HRECs was measured using Suc-LLVY-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin. NADPH-quinone oxidoreduc-tase (NQO1), heme oxygenase (HO)-1, kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and Nrf2 were examined by Western blotting and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cell apoptosis is measured through flow cytometry assay, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and retinal vascular leakage were assayed using CM-H2DCFDA fluorescent probes and Evans blue, respectively. Results: MG132 significantly inhibited the activation of 26S proteasome induced by diabetes or elevated glucose, and subsequently increased the expression of Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1, and further reduced ROS accumulation. These changes were associated with a decrease of diabetes-induced retinal vascular leakage and retinal capillary cell apoptosis. Conclusions: MG132 decreases diabetes-induced 26S proteasome activation and exerts protective effects against retinal microvascular dysfunction in diabetic rats in association with the alleviation of retinal oxidative stress mediated by Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, P.R. China
- Department of Stomatology, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, P.R. China
| | - Shipei Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, P.R. China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, P.R. China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, P.R. China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, P.R. China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, P.R. China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, P.R. China
| | - Jia Ying
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, P.R. China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, P.R. China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, P.R. China
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Liu Y, Lu S, Wu LL, Yang L, Yang L, Wang J. The diversified role of mitochondria in ferroptosis in cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:519. [PMID: 37580393 PMCID: PMC10425449 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death induced by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, and it has been studied extensively since its discovery in 2012. Induced by iron overload and ROS accumulation, ferroptosis is modulated by various cellular metabolic and signaling pathways. The GSH-GPX4 pathway, the FSP1-CoQ10 pathway, the GCH1-BH4 pathway, the DHODH-CoQH2 system and the sex hormones suppress ferroptosis. Mitochondrial iron metabolism regulates ferroptosis and mitochondria also undergo a morphological change during ferroptosis, these changes include increased membrane density and reduced mitochondrial cristae. Moreover, mitochondrial energy metabolism changes during ferroptosis, the increased oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production rates lead to a decrease in the glycolysis rate. In addition, excessive oxidative stress induces irreversible damage to mitochondria, diminishing organelle integrity. ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial fusion and fission, and mitophagy also function in ferroptosis. Notably, some ferroptosis inhibitors target mitochondria. Ferroptosis is a major mechanism for cell death associated with the progression of cancer. Metastasis-prone or metastatic cancer cells are more susceptible to ferroptosis. Inducing ferroptosis in tumor cells shows very promising potential for treating drug-resistant cancers. In this review, we present a brief retrospect of the discovery and the characteristics of ferroptosis, then we discuss the regulation of ferroptosis and highlight the unique role played by mitochondria in the ferroptosis of cancer cells. Furthermore, we explain how ferroptosis functions as a double-edged sword as well as novel therapies aimed at selectively manipulating cell death for cancer eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu'e Liu
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Shiping Lu
- Center for Translational Research in infection and Inflammation, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Lei-Lei Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Lixue Yang
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery II, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Jinghan Wang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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10
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Suzuki M, Kuromi H, Shindo M, Sakata N, Niimi N, Fukui K, Saitoe M, Sango K. A Drosophila model of diabetic neuropathy reveals a role of proteasome activity in the glia. iScience 2023; 26:106997. [PMID: 37378316 PMCID: PMC10291573 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common chronic, progressive complication of diabetes mellitus. The main symptom is sensory loss; the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. We found that Drosophila fed a high-sugar diet, which induces diabetes-like phenotypes, exhibit impairment of noxious heat avoidance. The impairment of heat avoidance was associated with shrinkage of the leg neurons expressing the Drosophila transient receptor potential channel Painless. Using a candidate genetic screening approach, we identified proteasome modulator 9 as one of the modulators of impairment of heat avoidance. We further showed that proteasome inhibition in the glia reversed the impairment of noxious heat avoidance, and heat-shock proteins and endolysosomal trafficking in the glia mediated the effect of proteasome inhibition. Our results establish Drosophila as a useful system for exploring molecular mechanisms of diet-induced peripheral neuropathy and propose that the glial proteasome is one of the candidate therapeutic targets for DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Suzuki
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuromi
- Learning and Memory Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Mayumi Shindo
- Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Nozomi Sakata
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Naoko Niimi
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Koji Fukui
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Minoru Saitoe
- Learning and Memory Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sango
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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11
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Xu L, Liu Y, Chen X, Zhong H, Wang Y. Ferroptosis in life: To be or not to be. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114241. [PMID: 36634587 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel type of programmed cell death, characterized by a dysregulated iron metabolism and accumulation of lipid peroxides. It features the alteration of mitochondria and aberrant accumulation of excessive iron as well as loss of the cysteine-glutathione-GPX4 axis. Eventually, the accumulated lipid peroxides result in lethal damage to the cells. Ferroptosis is induced by the overloading of iron and the accumulation of ROS and can be inhibited by the activation of the GPX4 pathway, FS1-CoQ10 pathway, GCH1-BH4 pathway, and the DHODH pathway, it is also regulated by the oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Ferroptosis involves various physiological and pathological processes, and increasing evidence indicates that ferroptosis play a critical role in cancers and other diseases. It inhibits the proliferation of malignant cells in various types of cancers and inducing ferroptosis may become a new method of cancer treatment. Many inhibitors targeting the key factors of ferroptosis such as SLC7A11, GPX4, and iron overload have been developed. The application of ferroptosis is mainly divided into two directions, i.e. to avoid ferroptosis in healthy cells and selectively induce ferroptosis in cancers. In this review, we provide a critical analysis of the concept, and regulation pathways of ferroptosis and explored its roles in various diseases, we also summarized the compounds targeting ferroptosis, aiming to promote the speed of clinical use of ferroptosis induction in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Yu'e Liu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Xi Chen, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hua Zhong
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA 96813
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Sahoo K, Sharma A. Understanding the mechanistic roles of environmental heavy metal stressors in regulating ferroptosis: adding new paradigms to the links with diseases. Apoptosis 2023; 28:277-292. [PMID: 36611106 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01806-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new type of iron-dependent cell death induced by a failure of the lipid repair protein GPX4 or the Xc- antiporter, which is essential for glutathione production. Some heavy metals such as arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg) as well as zinc (Zn) are shown to induce ferroptotic cell death involving the generation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunctioning, lipid peroxidation, and several other cellular etiologies. However, selenium (Se) treatment has been shown to enhance adaptive transcription responses to protect cells from ferroptosis. Heavy metals like Cadmium exposure activated ALK4/5 signaling via Smad3 and Akt signaling which leads to cell death mechanism. Continuous exposure to a small dose of mercury can damage tissues, and methylmercury bind to sulfhydryl proteins and GSH, this elevates oxidative stress, free radical accumulation, glutathione depletion, mitochondrial damage, and inhibited the nuclear factor-κB pathway which leads to ferroptotic cell death. Animals exposed to nickel and cobalt may have increased lipid peroxidation which can induce ferroptosis. Glutathione depletion is caused by Zn intoxication and exposure to manganese. These metals are systemic toxins that have been shown adverse effects on humans. Ferroptosis has recently been related to several pathological disorders, including, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, as well as cardiovascular disease, and any type of cancer. For these disorders and some heavy metal toxicity, ferroptosis suppression needs to be looked upon as a promising therapeutic choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumudini Sahoo
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Post Office Mati, Lucknow, 226002, India.,School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Post Office Mati, Lucknow, 226002, India.
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13
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Novoa U, Soto K, Valdés C, Villaseñor J, Treuer AV, González DR. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH 4) Supplementation Prevents the Cardiorenal Effects of Diabetes in Mice by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Fibrosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102479. [PMID: 36289741 PMCID: PMC9599239 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The effects of diabetes on the cardiovascular system as well as in the kidney are profound, which include hypertrophy and fibrosis. Diabetes also induces oxidative stress, at least in part due to the uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase (NOS); this is a shift in NO production toward superoxide production due to reduced levels of the NOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). With this in mind, we tested the hypothesis that BH4 supplementation may prevent the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and nephropathy. Methods: Diabetes was induced in Balb/c mice with streptozotocin. Then, diabetic mice were divided into two groups: one group provided with BH4 (sapropterin) in drinking water (daily doses of 15 mg/kg/day, during eight weeks) and the other that received only water. A third group of normoglycemic mice that received only water were used as the control. Results: Cardiac levels of BH4 were increased in mice treated with BH4 (p = 0.0019). Diabetes induced cardiac hypertrophy, which was prevented in the group that received BH4 (p < 0.05). In addition, hypertrophy was evaluated as cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area. This was reduced in diabetic mice that received BH4 (p = 0.0012). Diabetes induced cardiac interstitial fibrosis that was reduced in mice that received BH4 treatment (p < 0.05). We also evaluated in the kidney the impact of BH4 treatment on glomerular morphology. Diabetes induced glomerular hypertrophy compared with normoglycemic mice and was prevented by BH4 treatment. In addition, diabetic mice presented glomerular fibrosis, which was prevented in mice that received BH4. Conclusions: These results suggest that chronic treatment with BH4 in mice ameliorates the cardiorenal effects of diabetes,, probably by restoring the nitroso−redox balance. This offers a possible new alternative to explore a BH4-based treatment for the organ damage caused by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulises Novoa
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Avenida Lircay s/n, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Karen Soto
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Avenida Lircay s/n, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Cristian Valdés
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile
| | - Jorge Villaseñor
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Adriana V. Treuer
- Departamento de Biología y Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Catolica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile
| | - Daniel R. González
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Avenida Lircay s/n, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-71-2-418856
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Measurement of Tetrahydrobiopterin in Animal Tissue Samples by HPLC with Electrochemical Detection-Protocol Optimization and Pitfalls. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061182. [PMID: 35740082 PMCID: PMC9228106 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor of all nitric oxide synthase isoforms, thus determination of BH4 levels can provide important mechanistic insight into diseases. We established a protocol for high-performance liquid chromatography/electrochemical detection (HPLC/ECD)-based determination of BH4 in tissue samples. We first determined the optimal storage and work-up conditions for authentic BH4 and its oxidation product dihydrobiopterin (BH2) under various conditions (pH, temperature, presence of antioxidants, metal chelators, and storage time). We then applied optimized protocols for detection of BH4 in tissues of septic (induced by lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) rats. BH4 standards in HCl are stabilized by addition of 1,4-dithioerythritol (DTE) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), while HCl was sufficient for BH2 standard stabilization. Overnight storage of BH4 standard solutions at room temperature in HCl without antioxidants caused complete loss of BH4 and the formation of BH2. We further optimized the protocol to separate ascorbate and the BH4 tissue sample and found a significant increase in BH4 in the heart and kidney as well as higher BH4 levels by trend in the brain of septic rats compared to control rats. These findings correspond to reports on augmented nitric oxide and BH4 levels in both animals and patients with septic shock.
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15
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Liu Z, Dong N, Hui H, Wang Y, Liu F, Xu L, Liu M, Rao Z, Yuan Z, Shang Y, Feng J, Cai Z, Li F. Endothelial cell-derived tetrahydrobiopterin prevents aortic valve calcification. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:1652-1664. [PMID: 35139535 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a critical determinant of the biological function of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. The present study was to investigate the role of valvular endothelial cell (VEC)-derived BH4 in aortic valve calcification. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma and aortic valve BH4 concentrations and the BH4:BH2 ratio were significantly lower in calcific aortic valve disease patients than in controls. There was a significant decrease of the two key enzymes of BH4 biosynthesis, guanosine 5'-triphosphate cyclohydrolase I (GCH1) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), in calcified aortic valves compared with the normal ones. Endothelial cell-specific deficiency of Gch1 in Apoe-/- (Apoe-/-Gch1fl/flTie2Cre) mice showed a marked increase in transvalvular peak jet velocity, calcium deposition, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), dihydroethidium (DHE), and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels in aortic valve leaflets compared with Apoe-/-Gch1fl/fl mice after a 24-week western diet (WD) challenge. Oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) induced osteoblastic differentiation of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) co-cultured with either si-GCH1- or si-DHFR-transfected VECs, while the effects could be abolished by BH4 supplementation. Deficiency of BH4 in VECs caused peroxynitrite formation increase and 3-NT protein increase under ox-LDL stimulation in VICs. SIN-1, the peroxynitrite generator, significantly up-regulated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Runx2 expression in VICs via tyrosine nitration of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) at Y628. Finally, folic acid (FA) significantly attenuated aortic valve calcification in WD-fed Apoe-/- mice through increasing DHFR and salvaging BH4 biosynthesis. CONCLUSION The reduction in endothelial-dependent BH4 levels promoted peroxynitrite formation, which subsequently resulted in DRP1 tyrosine nitration and osteoblastic differentiation of VICs, thereby leading to aortic valve calcification. Supplementation of FA in diet attenuated hypercholesterolaemia-induced aortic valve calcification by salvaging BH4 bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongtao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Haipeng Hui
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28# Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Fayun Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenqi Rao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqiang Shang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhejun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
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16
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Pei Y, Qian Y, Wang H, Tan L. Epigenetic Regulation of Ferroptosis-Associated Genes and Its Implication in Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:771870. [PMID: 35174081 PMCID: PMC8841808 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.771870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an evolutionarily conserved form of regulated cell death triggered by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis contributes to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis under physiological conditions while its aberration is tightly connected with lots of pathophysiological processes such as acute tissue injury, chronic degenerative disease, and tumorigenesis. Epigenetic regulation controls chromatin structure and gene expression by writing/reading/erasing the covalent modifications on DNA, histone, and RNA, without altering the DNA sequence. Accumulating evidences suggest that epigenetic regulation is involved in the determination of cellular vulnerability to ferroptosis. Here, we summarize the recent advances on the epigenetic mechanisms that control the expression of ferroptosis-associated genes and thereby the ferroptosis process. Moreover, the potential value of epigenetic drugs in targeting or synergizing ferroptosis during cancer therapy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzi Pei
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Qian
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Li Tan, ; Hao Wang,
| | - Li Tan
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Li Tan, ; Hao Wang,
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17
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Lui KO, Huang Y. Chaperone Mediated Autophagy Regulates eNOS Uncoupling in Cardiovascular Events. Circ Res 2021; 129:946-948. [PMID: 34709934 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathy O Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (K.O.L.)
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Y.H.)
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18
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Abell TL, Garcia LM, Wiener GJ, Wo JM, Bulat RS, Smith N. Effect of Oral CNSA-001 (sepiapterin, PTC923) on gastric accommodation in women with diabetic gastroparesis: A randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase 2 trial. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:107961. [PMID: 34176722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.107961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic gastroparesis may be associated with impaired nitric oxide metabolism and reduced tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis. Oral treatment with CNSA-001 (sepiapterin, currently known as PTC923) increased BH4 levels in humans in a previous study. This Phase 2 study evaluated CNSA-001 in women with diabetic gastroparesis. METHODS Non-pregnant diabetic women with moderate/severe symptomatic gastroparesis, delayed gastric emptying, and impaired gastric accommodation (nutrient satiety testing) were randomized to 10mg/kg BID CNSA-001 or matching placebo for 14days. The primary endpoint was change in gastric accommodation (maximal tolerated liquid meal volume) at 14- and 28-days' follow-up. RESULTS Gastric accommodation improved in CNSA-001-treated vs. placebo-treated subjects at 28days (least squares mean [LSM] difference: 98 [95% CI 36 to 161], p=0.0042). Subjects' ratings of bloating, fullness, nausea, and pain were lower vs. baseline in the CNSA-001 group at 14 and 28days, though these improvements were not observed consistently in placebo-treated subjects. There were no significant group differences in upper gastrointestinal symptom scores, and in gastric emptying breath test parameters. CNSA-001 was well tolerated, with no withdrawals for adverse events. CONCLUSIONS CNSA-001 improved gastric accommodation in women with diabetic gastroparesis. Further evaluation of CNSA-001 in gastroparesis is warranted; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03712124.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John M Wo
- Indiana University Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Robert S Bulat
- Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neil Smith
- PTC Therapeutics Inc., South Plainfield, NJ, USA.
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19
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Ushio-Fukai M, Ash D, Nagarkoti S, Belin de Chantemèle EJ, Fulton DJR, Fukai T. Interplay Between Reactive Oxygen/Reactive Nitrogen Species and Metabolism in Vascular Biology and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1319-1354. [PMID: 33899493 PMCID: PMC8418449 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS; e.g., superoxide [O2•-] and hydrogen peroxide [H2O2]) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS; e.g., nitric oxide [NO•]) at the physiological level function as signaling molecules that mediate many biological responses, including cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and gene expression. By contrast, excess ROS/RNS, a consequence of dysregulated redox homeostasis, is a hallmark of cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that both ROS and RNS regulate various metabolic pathways and enzymes. Recent studies indicate that cells have mechanisms that fine-tune ROS/RNS levels by tight regulation of metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. The ROS/RNS-mediated inhibition of glycolytic pathways promotes metabolic reprogramming away from glycolytic flux toward the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway to generate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) for antioxidant defense. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the mechanisms by which ROS/RNS regulate metabolic enzymes and cellular metabolism and how cellular metabolism influences redox homeostasis and the pathogenesis of disease. A full understanding of these mechanisms will be important for the development of new therapeutic strategies to treat diseases associated with dysregulated redox homeostasis and metabolism. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1319-1354.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuko Ushio-Fukai
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dipankar Ash
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sheela Nagarkoti
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eric J Belin de Chantemèle
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - David J R Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tohru Fukai
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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20
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Wu Y, Ding Y, Ramprasath T, Zou MH. Oxidative Stress, GTPCH1, and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Uncoupling in Hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:750-764. [PMID: 32363908 PMCID: PMC7910417 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Hypertension has major health consequences, which is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-produced nitric oxide (NO) signaling in the vasculature plays an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. Considering the importance of NO system, this review aims to provide a brief overview of the biochemistry of members of NO signaling, including GTPCH1 [guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) cyclohydrolase 1], tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), and eNOS. Recent Advances: Being NO signaling activators and regulators of eNOS signaling, BH4 treatment is getting widespread attention either as potential therapeutic agents or as preventive agents. Recent clinical trials also support that BH4 treatment could be considered a promising therapeutic in hypertension. Critical Issues: Under conditions of BH4 depletion, eNOS-generated superoxides trigger pathological events. Abnormalities in NO availability and BH4 deficiency lead to disturbed redox regulation causing pathological events. This disturbed signaling influences the development of systemic hypertension as well as pulmonary hypertension. Future Directions: Considering the importance of BH4 and NO to improve the translational significance, it is essential to continue research on this field to manipulate BH4 to increase the efficacy for treating hypertension. Thus, this review also examines the current state of knowledge on the effects of eNOS activators on preclinical models and humans to utilize this information for potential therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ye Ding
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tharmarajan Ramprasath
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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21
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Relationship between guanosine triphosphate pathway and tetrahydrobiopterin in gestational diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 19:1391-1396. [PMID: 33520842 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The present study assesses the change in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), one of the most important products in the guanosine triphosphate (GTP) pathway and in other parameters that might affect nitric oxide (NO) production, in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods The study included 100 healthy pregnant women and 100 women diagnosed with GDM. Serum levels of neopterin, BH4 and NO were measured. The levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I (GCHI/GTPCH) gene expression were determined. Results It was found that diabetes led to an increase in neopterin and NO levels, and a decrease in BH4 levels. A stimulation was observed in eNOS gene expression in the GDM group when compared to the control group, while GCHI levels were found to decrease when compared to the control group. iNOS gene expression was detected in neither the healthy controls nor the patient group. Conclusions Decreased NO bioavailability plays an important role in the progression of such macrovascular diseases as diabetes. BH4 levels decrease in diabetes patients, while the increased gene expression of GCHI reverses the diabetes-related BH4 deficiency and allows the endothelial cells to regain their ability to produce NO. Since GCHI is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of BH4, changes in GCHI levels directly affect the BH4 levels and the NO metabolism, leading to an increased risk of macrovascular complications. The significant increase in neopterin levels suggest that this is a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of GDM.
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Salvatore T, Pafundi PC, Galiero R, Rinaldi L, Caturano A, Vetrano E, Aprea C, Albanese G, Di Martino A, Ricozzi C, Imbriani S, Sasso FC. Can Metformin Exert as an Active Drug on Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetic Subjects? Biomedicines 2020; 9:biomedicines9010003. [PMID: 33375185 PMCID: PMC7822116 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular mortality is a major cause of death among in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a well-known important risk factor for the development of diabetes cardiovascular complications. Therefore, the prevention of diabetic macroangiopathies by preserving endothelial function represents a major therapeutic concern for all National Health Systems. Several complex mechanisms support ED in diabetic patients, frequently cross-talking each other: uncoupling of eNOS with impaired endothelium-dependent vascular response, increased ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of polyol pathway, generation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), activation of protein kinase C (PKC), endothelial inflammation, endothelial apoptosis and senescence, and dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs). Metformin is a milestone in T2DM treatment. To date, according to most recent EASD/ADA guidelines, it still represents the first-choice drug in these patients. Intriguingly, several extraglycemic effects of metformin have been recently observed, among which large preclinical and clinical evidence support metformin’s efficacy against ED in T2DM. Metformin seems effective thanks to its favorable action on all the aforementioned pathophysiological ED mechanisms. AMPK pharmacological activation plays a key role, with metformin inhibiting inflammation and improving ED. Therefore, aim of this review is to assess metformin’s beneficial effects on endothelial dysfunction in T2DM, which could preempt development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Salvatore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via De Crecchio 7, I-80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Pia Clara Pafundi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.P.); (R.G.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (E.V.); (C.A.); (G.A.); (A.D.M.); (C.R.); (S.I.)
| | - Raffaele Galiero
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.P.); (R.G.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (E.V.); (C.A.); (G.A.); (A.D.M.); (C.R.); (S.I.)
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.P.); (R.G.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (E.V.); (C.A.); (G.A.); (A.D.M.); (C.R.); (S.I.)
| | - Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.P.); (R.G.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (E.V.); (C.A.); (G.A.); (A.D.M.); (C.R.); (S.I.)
| | - Erica Vetrano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.P.); (R.G.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (E.V.); (C.A.); (G.A.); (A.D.M.); (C.R.); (S.I.)
| | - Concetta Aprea
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.P.); (R.G.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (E.V.); (C.A.); (G.A.); (A.D.M.); (C.R.); (S.I.)
| | - Gaetana Albanese
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.P.); (R.G.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (E.V.); (C.A.); (G.A.); (A.D.M.); (C.R.); (S.I.)
| | - Anna Di Martino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.P.); (R.G.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (E.V.); (C.A.); (G.A.); (A.D.M.); (C.R.); (S.I.)
| | - Carmen Ricozzi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.P.); (R.G.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (E.V.); (C.A.); (G.A.); (A.D.M.); (C.R.); (S.I.)
| | - Simona Imbriani
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.P.); (R.G.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (E.V.); (C.A.); (G.A.); (A.D.M.); (C.R.); (S.I.)
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.P.); (R.G.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (E.V.); (C.A.); (G.A.); (A.D.M.); (C.R.); (S.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-566-5010
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Posttranslational Modifications in Ferroptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8832043. [PMID: 33294126 PMCID: PMC7718049 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8832043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis was first coined in 2012 to describe the form of regulated cell death (RCD) characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. To date, ferroptosis has been implicated in many diseases, such as carcinogenesis, degenerative diseases (e.g., Huntington's, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases), ischemia-reperfusion injury, and cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have identified numerous targets involved in ferroptosis; for example, acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) and p53 induce while glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria-associated 2 (AIFM2, also known as FSP1) inhibit ferroptosis. At least three major pathways (the glutathione-GPX4, FSP1-coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and GTP cyclohydrolase-1- (GCH1-) tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) pathways) have been identified to participate in ferroptosis regulation. Recent advances have also highlighted the crucial roles of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins in ferroptosis. Here, we summarize the recently discovered knowledge regarding the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, particularly the roles of PTMs in ferroptosis regulation.
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Cardiovascular Therapeutic Potential of the Redox Siblings, Nitric Oxide (NO•) and Nitroxyl (HNO), in the Setting of Reactive Oxygen Species Dysregulation. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2020; 264:311-337. [PMID: 32813078 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) dysregulation is a hallmark of cardiovascular disease, characterised by an imbalance in the synthesis and removal of ROS. ROS such as superoxide (•O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl (OH•) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) have a marked impact on cardiovascular function, contributing to the vascular impairment and cardiac dysfunction associated with diseases such as angina, hypertension, diabetes and heart failure. Central to the vascular dysfunction is a reduction in bioavailability and/or physiological effects of vasoprotective nitric oxide (NO•), leading to vasoconstriction, inflammation and vascular remodelling. In a cardiac context, increased ROS generation can also lead to modification of key proteins involved in cardiac contractility. Whilst playing a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, ROS dysregulation also limits the clinical efficacy of current therapies, such as nitrosovasodilators. As such, alternate therapies are sought. This review will discuss the impact of ROS dysregulation on the therapeutic utility of NO• and its redox sibling, nitroxyl (HNO). Both nitric oxide (NO) and nitroxyl (HNO) donors signal through soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). NO binds to the Fe(II) form of sGC and nitroxyl possibly to both sGC heme and thiol groups. In the vasculature, nitroxyl can also signal through voltage-dependent (Kv) and ATP-sensitive (KATP) K+ channels as well as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). In the heart, HNO directly targets critical thiols to increase myocardial contractility, an effect not seen with NO. The qualitative effects via elevation of cGMP are similar, i.e. lusitropic in the heart and inhibitory on vasoconstriction, inflammation, aggregation and vascular remodelling. Of pathophysiological significance is the fact the efficacy of NO donors is impaired by ROS, e.g. through chemical scavenging of NO, to generate reactive nitrogen oxide species (RNOS), whilst nitroxyl is apparently not.
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Role of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System in the Regulation of Blood Pressure: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155358. [PMID: 32731518 PMCID: PMC7432568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney and the vasculature play crucial roles in regulating blood pressure. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), a multienzyme process mediating covalent conjugation of the 76-amino acid polypeptide ubiquitin to a substrate protein followed by proteasomal degradation, is involved in multiple cellular processes by regulating protein turnover in various tissues. Increasing evidence demonstrates the roles of UPS in blood pressure regulation. In the kidney, filtered sodium is reabsorbed through diverse sodium transporters and channels along renal tubules, and studies conducted till date have provided insights into the complex molecular network through which ubiquitin ligases modulate sodium transport in different segments. Components of these pathways include ubiquitin ligase neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4-2, Cullin-3, and Kelch-like 3. Moreover, accumulating data indicate the roles of UPS in blood vessels, where it modulates nitric oxide bioavailability and vasoconstriction. Cullin-3 not only regulates renal salt reabsorption but also controls vascular tone using different adaptor proteins that target distinct substrates in vascular smooth muscle cells. In endothelial cells, UPS can also contribute to blood pressure regulation by modulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the role of UPS in blood pressure regulation, focusing on renal sodium reabsorption and vascular function.
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Velagic A, Qin C, Woodman OL, Horowitz JD, Ritchie RH, Kemp-Harper BK. Nitroxyl: A Novel Strategy to Circumvent Diabetes Associated Impairments in Nitric Oxide Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:727. [PMID: 32508651 PMCID: PMC7248192 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with an increased mortality risk due to cardiovascular complications. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress underlies these complications, leading to an impairment in endogenous nitric oxide (NO•) generation, together with reductions in NO• bioavailability and NO• responsiveness in the vasculature, platelets and myocardium. The latter impairment of responsiveness to NO•, termed NO• resistance, compromises the ability of traditional NO•-based therapeutics to improve hemodynamic status during diabetes-associated cardiovascular emergencies, such as acute myocardial infarction. Whilst a number of agents can ameliorate (e.g. angiotensin converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors, perhexiline, statins and insulin) or circumvent (e.g. nitrite and sGC activators) NO• resistance, nitroxyl (HNO) donors offer a novel opportunity to circumvent NO• resistance in diabetes. With a suite of vasoprotective properties and an ability to enhance cardiac inotropic and lusitropic responses, coupled with preserved efficacy in the setting of oxidative stress, HNO donors have intact therapeutic potential in the face of diminished NO• signaling. This review explores the major mechanisms by which hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress drives NO• resistance, and the therapeutic potential of HNO donors to circumvent this to treat cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anida Velagic
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chengxue Qin
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Owen L Woodman
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John D Horowitz
- Basil Hetzel Institute, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Barbara K Kemp-Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Elevated GTP Cyclohydrolase I Pathway in Endothelial Progenitor Cells of Overweight Premenopausal Women. Cardiol Res Pract 2020; 2020:5914916. [PMID: 32377428 PMCID: PMC7199531 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5914916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims. Sexual differences exist in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and various cardiovascular risk factors are associated with the preservation of endothelial function in premenopausal women. However, it is unclear whether differences in endothelial function and circulating EPCs exist between overweight premenopausal women and age-matched men. Methods. We compared EPC counting and functions in normal-weight and overweight premenopausal women and men, evaluated endothelial function in each group, and detected the expression of the guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH I) pathway. Results. The number of EPCs was lower in the male group than in the female group, regardless of normal-weight or overweight status, and there was no significant difference between the different weight groups among females or males. Endothelial function and EPC migration and proliferation were preserved in overweight premenopausal women compared with overweight men as were nitric oxide (NO) levels in plasma and secreted by EPCs. Endothelial function, the circulating EPC population, and NO levels were not different between normal-weight and overweight premenopausal women. Flow-mediated dilatation was significantly correlated with EPC function, plasma NO levels, and EPC-secreted NO. Conclusions. This investigation provides the first evidence for sex-based differences in EPC activity and endothelial function in overweight middle-aged individuals; these differences are associated with alterations in NO production and may partly occur through downregulation of the GTPCH I pathway. The present results provide new insights into the mechanism underlying the preserved endothelial function in overweight premenopausal women and may uncover a potential therapeutic target for endothelial repair in overweight population.
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Liu P, Liu J, Wu Y, Xi W, Wei Y, Yuan Z, Zhuo X. Zinc supplementation protects against diabetic endothelial dysfunction via GTP cyclohydrolase 1 restoration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 521:1049-1054. [PMID: 31732151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study explored whether zinc supplementation alleviates diabetic endothelial dysfunction and the possible mechanisms underlying. We found that high glucose exposure significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased guanosine 5'-triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1 (GTPCH1) and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) levels in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) in a time-dependent manner. High glucose increased zinc release from GTPCH1 in a similar trend. Zinc supplementation restored GTPCH1 and BH4 levels and blocked ROS accumulation in both BACEs and wild type GTPCH1 transfected HEK293 cells, but not in the zinc-free C141R mutant of GTPCH1 transfected ones. In vivo experiments showed that exogenous supplementation of zinc to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice partially improved the impaired maximal endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, reversed the aberrant reduction of GTPCH1 and BH4, and suppressed the elevation of ROS in the aortas. In conclusion, our study demonstrated a novel mechanism that via GTPCH1 restoration zinc supplementation exerts a protective benefit on diabetic endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peining Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junhui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Xi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiaozhen Zhuo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Maternal Diabetes Mellitus and Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn: Accumulated Evidence From Observational Studies. Can J Diabetes 2020; 44:327-334.e3. [PMID: 31902718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Maternal diabetes mellitus (including pre-existing and gestational diabetes mellitus) is linked with adverse infant outcomes. However, the question of whether maternal diabetes increases the risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is unclear. Herein, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize clinical evidence to determine the association between maternal diabetes mellitus and PPHN. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies according to predefined criteria. Data from selected studies were extracted, and meta-analysis was performed using fixed effects modelling. RESULTS In all, we included 7 unique studies with aggregated data on 2 million individuals and >5,000 cases of PPHN. Maternal diabetes was significantly associated with a higher risk of PPHN (risk ratio [RR], 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23 to 1.51). Both case-control and cohort studies exhibited that the presence of maternal diabetes increased the risk of PPHN (case-control: RR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.79; cohort: RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.50). By omitting 1 study at a time, sensitivity analysis made sure that no individual study was entirely responsible for the combined results. CONCLUSIONS Maternal diabetes was associated with increased risk of PPHN. For babies with refractory hypoxemia, with mothers with diabetes, PPHN should be taken into consideration in clinical practice.
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Meza CA, La Favor JD, Kim DH, Hickner RC. Endothelial Dysfunction: Is There a Hyperglycemia-Induced Imbalance of NOX and NOS? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153775. [PMID: 31382355 PMCID: PMC6696313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOX) are enzyme complexes that have received much attention as key molecules in the development of vascular dysfunction. NOX have the primary function of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and are considered the main source of ROS production in endothelial cells. The endothelium is a thin monolayer that lines the inner surface of blood vessels, acting as a secretory organ to maintain homeostasis of blood flow. The enzymatic production of nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) is critical in mediating endothelial function, and oxidative stress can cause dysregulation of eNOS and endothelial dysfunction. Insulin is a stimulus for increases in blood flow and endothelium-dependent vasodilation. However, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes are characterized by poor control of the endothelial cell redox environment, with a shift toward overproduction of ROS by NOX. Studies in models of type 2 diabetes demonstrate that aberrant NOX activation contributes to uncoupling of eNOS and endothelial dysfunction. It is well-established that endothelial dysfunction precedes the onset of cardiovascular disease, therefore NOX are important molecular links between type 2 diabetes and vascular complications. The aim of the current review is to describe the normal, healthy physiological mechanisms involved in endothelial function, and highlight the central role of NOX in mediating endothelial dysfunction when glucose homeostasis is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar A Meza
- Department of Nutrition, Food & Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Justin D La Favor
- Department of Nutrition, Food & Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Do-Houn Kim
- Department of Nutrition, Food & Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Robert C Hickner
- Department of Nutrition, Food & Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, College of Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
- Department of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville 4041, South Africa.
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Daiber A, Xia N, Steven S, Oelze M, Hanf A, Kröller-Schön S, Münzel T, Li H. New Therapeutic Implications of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Function/Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010187. [PMID: 30621010 PMCID: PMC6337296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Global Burden of Disease Study identified cardiovascular risk factors as leading causes of global deaths and life years lost. Endothelial dysfunction represents a pathomechanism that is associated with most of these risk factors and stressors, and represents an early (subclinical) marker/predictor of atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress is a trigger of endothelial dysfunction and it is a hall-mark of cardiovascular diseases and of the risk factors/stressors that are responsible for their initiation. Endothelial function is largely based on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) function and activity. Likewise, oxidative stress can lead to the loss of eNOS activity or even “uncoupling” of the enzyme by adverse regulation of well-defined “redox switches” in eNOS itself or up-/down-stream signaling molecules. Of note, not only eNOS function and activity in the endothelium are essential for vascular integrity and homeostasis, but also eNOS in perivascular adipose tissue plays an important role for these processes. Accordingly, eNOS protein represents an attractive therapeutic target that, so far, was not pharmacologically exploited. With our present work, we want to provide an overview on recent advances and future therapeutic strategies that could be used to target eNOS activity and function in cardiovascular (and other) diseases, including life style changes and epigenetic modulations. We highlight the redox-regulatory mechanisms in eNOS function and up- and down-stream signaling pathways (e.g., tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism and soluble guanylyl cyclase/cGMP pathway) and their potential pharmacological exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Alina Hanf
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Gavazzoni M, Lombardi CM, Vizzardi E, Gorga E, Sciatti E, Rossi L, Belotti A, Rossi G, Metra M, Raddino R. Irreversible proteasome inhibition with carfilzomib as first line therapy in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: Early in vivo cardiovascular effects. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 838:85-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Münzel T, Daiber A. Role of endothelial and macrophage tetrahydrobiopterin in development and progression of atherosclerosis: BH4 puzzle solved? Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:1310-1312. [PMID: 29878064 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- University Medical Center Mainz, Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, Geb. 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- University Medical Center Mainz, Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, Geb. 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Abdelghany TM, Ismail RS, Mansoor FA, Zweier JR, Lowe F, Zweier JL. Cigarette smoke constituents cause endothelial nitric oxide synthase dysfunction and uncoupling due to depletion of tetrahydrobiopterin with degradation of GTP cyclohydrolase. Nitric Oxide 2018; 76:113-121. [PMID: 29524646 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking (CS) is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Endothelial dysfunction (ED) with loss of nitric oxide (NO) production is a central mechanism leading to the advent of CVD. Despite many prior studies of this major health problem, the exact mechanism by which CS induces ED is not well understood. This study examines the mechanism by which CS induces ED with altered endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) function in aortic endothelial cells (AECs). Exposure of AECs to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) resulted in a marked decrease in NO production with concomitant increase in superoxide (O2.-) generation and accumulation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal protein adducts. CSE exposure led to depletion of the essential eNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) as well as total biopterin levels and decreased the expression level of guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase (GTPCH), the rate limiting enzyme in BH4 biosynthesis. Moreover, exposure of AECs to CSE increased the level of ubiquitinated proteins and increased 26 S proteasomal activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Pre-treatment with MG132, a 26 S proteasome inhibitor, partially prevented CSE-induced loss of BH4, total biopterin, GTPCH, and increased NO production following CSE exposure, indicating a role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in CSE-induced eNOS dysfunction. In conclusion, CSE-induced eNOS dysfunction and uncoupling occurs due to BH4 depletion with BH4de novo synthesis limited by diminished GTPCH expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer M Abdelghany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Raed S Ismail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Gamal M, Moawad J, Rashed L, Morcos MA, Sharawy N. Possible involvement of tetrahydrobiopterin in the disturbance of redox homeostasis in sepsis - Induced brain dysfunction. Brain Res 2018; 1685:19-28. [PMID: 29428597 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential co-factor that regulates nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by nitric oxide synthases (NOS). In this study, we evaluated the effects of sepsis on BH4 level and redox status in the brain by using the rat model of sepsis-induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and examined whether BH4 and/or acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) could prevent the neuronal apoptosis and neurological changes induced by sepsis. MATERIAL AND METHOD Male albino rats were randomly and blindly divided into 8 groups: sham, sham + BH4, sham + ALC, sham +BH4+ ALC, CLP, CLP + BH4, CLP + ALC, and CLP+BH4+ ALC. We measured neurological indicators, brain levels of BH4, guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase (GTPCH), sepiapterin reductase (SR) and dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) genes expression (Essential enzymes in BH4 biosynthesis and recycling pathways). We investigated also brain redox status and both endothelial and inducible NOS expressions. RESULTS Brain of septic rats demonstrated a reduced BH4 bioavailability, downregulation of BH4 synthetic enzymes, increased production of hydrogen peroxide and impaired antioxidant enzymes activities. Treatments with BH4 and/or ALC increased BH4 level, upregulated BH4 synthetic enzymes expressions, and attenuated oxidative-induced neuronal apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that BH4 and/or ALC might protect the brain against oxidative stress induced neuronal apoptosis by restoring bioavailability of BH4 and upregulating of BH4 synthetic enzymes in the brain during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Gamal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jackline Moawad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mary Attia Morcos
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nivin Sharawy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt.
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known for their role in mediating both physiological and pathophysiological signal transduction. Enzymes and subcellular compartments that typically produce ROS are associated with metabolic regulation, and diseases associated with metabolic dysfunction may be influenced by changes in redox balance. In this review, we summarize the current literature surrounding ROS and their role in metabolic and inflammatory regulation, focusing on ROS signal transduction and its relationship to disease progression. In particular, we examine ROS production in compartments such as the cytoplasm, mitochondria, peroxisome, and endoplasmic reticulum and discuss how ROS influence metabolic processes such as proteasome function, autophagy, and general inflammatory signaling. We also summarize and highlight the role of ROS in the regulation metabolic/inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and stroke. In order to develop therapies that target oxidative signaling, it is vital to understand the balance ROS signaling plays in both physiology and pathophysiology, and how manipulation of this balance and the identity of the ROS may influence cellular and tissue homeostasis. An increased understanding of specific sources of ROS production and an appreciation for how ROS influence cellular metabolism may help guide us in the effort to treat cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Forrester
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta GA
| | - Daniel S Kikuchi
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta GA
| | - Marina S Hernandes
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta GA
| | - Qian Xu
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta GA
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta GA.
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Münzel T, Daiber A. The potential of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:217-231. [PMID: 29431026 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1439922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-2) plays a major role in the ethanol detoxification pathway by removing acetaldehyde. Therefore, ALDH-2 inhibitors such as disulfiram represent the first therapeutic targeting of ALDH-2 for alcoholism therapy. Areas covered: Recently, ALDH-2 was identified as an essential bioactivating enzyme of the anti-ischemic organic nitrate nitroglycerin, bringing ALDH-2 again into the focus of clinical interest. Mechanistic studies on the nitroglycerin bioactivation process revealed that during bioconversion of nitroglycerin and in the presence of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species the active site thiols of ALDH-2 are oxidized and the enzyme activity is lost. Thus, ALDH-2 activity represents a useful marker for cardiovascular oxidative stress, a concept, which has been meanwhile supported by a number of animal disease models. Mechanistic studies on the protective role of ALDH-2 in different disease processes identified the detoxification of 4-hydroxynonenal by ALDH-2 as a fundamental process of cardiovascular, cerebral and antioxidant protection. Expert opinion: The most recent therapeutic exploitation of ALDH-2 includes activators of the enzyme such as Alda-1 but also cell-based therapies (ALDH-bright cells) that deserve further clinical characterization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- a Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1 , Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany.,b Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) , Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany.,c Partner Site Rhine-Main , German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , Mainz , Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- a Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1 , Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany.,b Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) , Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany.,c Partner Site Rhine-Main , German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , Mainz , Germany
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Joshi S, Kar S, Kavdia M. Computational analysis of interactions of oxidative stress and tetrahydrobiopterin reveals instability in eNOS coupling. Microvasc Res 2017; 114:114-128. [PMID: 28729163 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In cardiovascular and neurovascular diseases, an increase in oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction has been reported. There is a reduction in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), which is a cofactor for the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), resulting in eNOS uncoupling. Studies of the enhancement of BH4 availability have reported mixed results for improvement in endothelial dysfunction. Our understanding of the complex interactions of eNOS uncoupling, oxidative stress and BH4 availability is not complete and a quantitative understanding of these interactions is required. In the present study, we developed a computational model for eNOS uncoupling that considers the temporal changes in biopterin ratio in the oxidative stress conditions. Using the model, we studied the effects of cellular oxidative stress (Qsupcell) representing the non-eNOS based oxidative stress sources and BH4 synthesis (QBH4) on eNOS NO production and biopterin ratio (BH4/total biopterins (TBP)). Model results showed that oxidative stress levels from 0.01 to 1nM·s-1 did not affect eNOS NO production and eNOS remained in coupled state. When the Qsupcell increased above 1nM·s-1, the eNOS coupling and NO production transitioned to an oscillatory state. Oxidative stress levels dynamically changed the biopterin ratio. When Qsupcell increased from 1 to 100nM·s-1, the endothelial cell NO production, TBP levels and biopterin ratio reduced significantly from 26.5 to 2nM·s-1, 3.75 to 0.002μM and 0.99 to 0.25, respectively. For an increase in BH4 synthesis, the improvement in NO production rate and BH4 levels were dependent on the extent of cellular oxidative stress. However, a 10-fold increase in QBH4 at higher oxidative stresses did not restore the NO-production rate and the biopterin ratio. Our mechanistic analysis reveals that a combination of enhancing tetrahydrobiopterin level with a reduction in cellular oxidative stress may result in significant improvement in endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Saptarshi Kar
- Engineering Computational Biology Group, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mahendra Kavdia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Liu Y, Baumgardt SL, Fang J, Shi Y, Qiao S, Bosnjak ZJ, Vásquez-Vivar J, Xia Z, Warltier DC, Kersten JR, Ge ZD. Transgenic overexpression of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 in cardiomyocytes ameliorates post-infarction cardiac remodeling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3093. [PMID: 28596578 PMCID: PMC5465102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) and its product tetrahydrobiopterin play crucial roles in cardiovascular health and disease, yet the exact regulation and role of GCH1 in adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction are still enigmatic. Here we report that cardiac GCH1 is degraded in remodeled hearts after myocardial infarction, concomitant with increases in the thickness of interventricular septum, interstitial fibrosis, and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and decreases in left ventricular anterior wall thickness, cardiac contractility, tetrahydrobiopterin, the dimers of nitric oxide synthase, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release, and the expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling proteins. Intriguingly, transgenic overexpression of GCH1 in cardiomyocytes reduces the thickness of interventricular septum and interstitial fibrosis and increases anterior wall thickness and cardiac contractility after infarction. Moreover, we show that GCH1 overexpression decreases phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and elevates tetrahydrobiopterin levels, the dimerization and phosphorylation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling proteins in post-infarction remodeled hearts. Our results indicate that the pivotal role of GCH1 overexpression in post-infarction cardiac remodeling is attributable to preservation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling proteins, and identify a new therapeutic target for cardiac remodeling after infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 630 W. 168th Street, New York, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Shelley L Baumgardt
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Juan Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Yang Shi
- Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 750 W. Virginia Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53234, USA
| | - Shigang Qiao
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Zeljko J Bosnjak
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wiscosin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Jeannette Vásquez-Vivar
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - David C Warltier
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Judy R Kersten
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Zhi-Dong Ge
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA.
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Bai YP, Xiao S, Tang YB, Tan Z, Tang H, Ren Z, Zeng H, Yang Z. Shear stress-mediated upregulation of GTP cyclohydrolase/tetrahydrobiopterin pathway ameliorates hypertension-related decline in reendothelialization capacity of endothelial progenitor cells. J Hypertens 2017; 35:784-797. [PMID: 28033126 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase/tetrahydrobiopterin (GTPCH)/(BH4) pathway has been proved to regulate the function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive mice, indicating that GTPCH/BH4 pathway may be an important repair target for hypertension-related endothelial injury. Shear stress is an important nonpharmacologic strategy to modulate the function of EPCs. Here, we investigated the effects of laminar shear stress on the GTPCH/BH4 pathway and endothelial repair capacity of circulating EPCs in hypertension. METHOD Laminar shear stress was loaded on the human EPCs from hypertensive patients and normotensive patients. The in-vitro function, in-vivo reendothelialization capacity and GTPCH/BH4 pathway of human EPCs were evaluated. RESULTS Both in-vitro function and reendothelialization capacity of EPCs were lower in hypertensive patients than that in normotensive patients. The GTPCH/BH4 pathway of EPCs was downregulated in hypertensive patients. Shear stress increased in-vitro function and reendothelialization capacity of EPCs from hypertensive patients and normotensive patients. Furthermore, shear stress upregulated the expression of GTPCH I and levels of BH4, nitric oxide, and cGMP of EPCs, and reduced thrombospondin-1 expression. With treatment of GTPCH knockdown or nitroarginine methyl ester inhibition, shear stress-induced increased levels of BH4, nitric oxide and cGMP of EPCs was suppressed. When GTPCH/BH4 pathway of EPCs was blocked, the effects of shear stress on in-vitro function and reendothelialization capacity of EPCs were inhibited. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates for the first time that shear stress-induced upregulation of the GTPCH/BH4 pathway ameliorates hypertension-related decline in endothelial repair capacity of EPCs. These findings provide novel nonpharmacologic therapeutic approach for hypertension-related endothelial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ping Bai
- aDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan bDepartment of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital cDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine dDepartment of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University eSun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine fCenter for Reproductive Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital gDepartment of Hypertension & Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Prevention of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy by MG132: Possible Roles of Nrf2 and I κB. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3671751. [PMID: 28373900 PMCID: PMC5360973 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3671751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that proteasomal inhibitor MG132 can prevent diabetic nephropathy (DN) along with upregulation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). The present study was to investigate whether MG132 can prevent DN in wild-type and Nrf2-KO mice. Type 1 diabetes was induced in wild-type and Nrf2-KO mice by multiple low doses of streptozotocin. Two weeks after streptozotocin injection, both wild-type and Nrf2-KO mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, MG132, DM, and DM/MG132. MG132 (10 μg/kg/day) or vehicle was administered intraperitoneally for 4 months. Renal function, morphology, and biochemical changes were measured after 4-month treatment with MG132. MG132 treatment suppressed proteasomal activity in the two genotypes. In wild-type mice, MG132 attenuated diabetes-induced renal dysfunction, fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative damage along with increased Nrf2 and IκB expression. Deletion of Nrf2 gene resulted in a partial, but significant attenuation of MG132 renal protection in Nrf2-KO mice compared with wild-type mice. MG132-increased IκB expression was not different between wild-type and Nrf2-KO mice. This work indicates that MG132 inhibits diabetes-increased proteasomal activity, resulting in Nrf2 and IκB upregulation and renal protection, which could be used as a strategy to prevent diabetic nephropathy.
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Förstermann U, Xia N, Li H. Roles of Vascular Oxidative Stress and Nitric Oxide in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2017; 120:713-735. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 692] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Major reactive oxygen species (ROS)–producing systems in vascular wall include NADPH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase, xanthine oxidase, the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase. ROS at moderate concentrations have important signaling roles under physiological conditions. Excessive or sustained ROS production, however, when exceeding the available antioxidant defense systems, leads to oxidative stress. Animal studies have provided compelling evidence demonstrating the roles of vascular oxidative stress and NO in atherosclerosis. All established cardiovascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking enhance ROS generation and decrease endothelial NO production. Key molecular events in atherogenesis such as oxidative modification of lipoproteins and phospholipids, endothelial cell activation, and macrophage infiltration/activation are facilitated by vascular oxidative stress and inhibited by endothelial NO. Atherosclerosis develops preferentially in vascular regions with disturbed blood flow (arches, branches, and bifurcations). The fact that these sites are associated with enhanced oxidative stress and reduced endothelial NO production is a further indication for the roles of ROS and NO in atherosclerosis. Therefore, prevention of vascular oxidative stress and improvement of endothelial NO production represent reasonable therapeutic strategies in addition to the treatment of established risk factors (hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Förstermann
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (U.F., N.X., H.L.); Center for Translational Vascular Biology (CTVB), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (H.L.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany (H.L.)
| | - Ning Xia
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (U.F., N.X., H.L.); Center for Translational Vascular Biology (CTVB), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (H.L.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany (H.L.)
| | - Huige Li
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (U.F., N.X., H.L.); Center for Translational Vascular Biology (CTVB), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (H.L.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany (H.L.)
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EETs and HO-1 cross-talk. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 125:65-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Wu HE, Baumgardt SL, Fang J, Paterson M, Liu Y, Du J, Shi Y, Qiao S, Bosnjak ZJ, Warltier DC, Kersten JR, Ge ZD. Cardiomyocyte GTP Cyclohydrolase 1 Protects the Heart Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27925. [PMID: 27295516 PMCID: PMC4904741 DOI: 10.1038/srep27925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy increases the risk of heart failure and death. At present, there are no effective approaches to preventing its development in the clinic. Here we report that reduction of cardiac GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) degradation by genetic and pharmacological approaches protects the heart against diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetic cardiomyopathy was induced in C57BL/6 wild-type mice and transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of GCH1 with streptozotocin, and control animals were given citrate buffer. We found that diabetes-induced degradation of cardiac GCH1 proteins contributed to adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in C57BL/6 mice, concomitant with decreases in tetrahydrobiopterin, dimeric and phosphorylated neuronal nitric oxide synthase, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) handling proteins, intracellular [Ca(2+)]i, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) content and increases in phosphorylated p-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and superoxide production. Interestingly, GCH-1 overexpression abrogated these detrimental effects of diabetes. Furthermore, we found that MG 132, an inhibitor for 26S proteasome, preserved cardiac GCH1 proteins and ameliorated cardiac remodeling and dysfunction during diabetes. This study deepens our understanding of impaired cardiac function in diabetes, identifies GCH1 as a modulator of cardiac remodeling and function, and reveals a new therapeutic target for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-En Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MA 21224, USA
| | - Shelley L. Baumgardt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Juan Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Mark Paterson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 630 W. 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jianhai Du
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, 1705 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yang Shi
- Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 750 W. Virginia Street, Milwaukee, WI 53234, USA
| | - Shigang Qiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Zeljko J. Bosnjak
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - David C. Warltier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Judy R. Kersten
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Zhi-Dong Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Münzel T, Daiber A. Redox Regulation of Dihydrofolate Reductase: Friend or Troublemaker? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 35:2261-2. [PMID: 26490273 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- From the Second Medical Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany (T.M., A.D.); and The German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK, partner site RhineMain), Mainz, Germany (T.M., A.D.)
| | - Andreas Daiber
- From the Second Medical Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany (T.M., A.D.); and The German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK, partner site RhineMain), Mainz, Germany (T.M., A.D.)
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Cai Z, Lu Q, Ding Y, Wang Q, Xiao L, Song P, Zou MH. Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase-Derived Nitric Oxide Prevents Dihydrofolate Reductase Degradation via Promoting S-Nitrosylation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2366-73. [PMID: 26381869 PMCID: PMC4758687 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a key protein involved in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) regeneration from 7,8-dihydrobiopterin (BH2). Dysfunctional DHFR may induce endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) uncoupling resulting in enzyme production of superoxide anions instead of NO. The mechanism by which DHFR is regulated is unknown. Here, we investigate whether eNOS-derived NO maintains DHFR stability. APPROACH AND RESULTS DHFR activity, BH4 content, eNOS activity, and S-nitrosylation were assessed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and in aortas isolated from wild-type and eNOS knockout mice. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, depletion of intracellular NO by transfection with eNOS-specific siRNA or by the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO)-both of which had no effect on DHFR mRNA levels-markedly reduced DHFR protein levels in parallel with increased DHFR polyubiquitination. Supplementation of S-nitroso-l-glutathione (GSNO), a NO donor, or MG132, a potent inhibitor of the 26S proteasome, prevented eNOS silencing and PTIO-induced DHFR reduction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. PTIO suppressed S-nitrosylation of DHFR, whereas GSNO promoted DHFR S-nitrosylation. Mutational analysis confirmed that cysteine 7 of DHFR was S-nitrosylated. Cysteine 7 S-nitrosylation stabilized DHFR from ubiquitination and degradation. Experiments performed in aortas confirmed that PTIO or eNOS deficiency reduces endothelial DHFR, which can be abolished by MG132 supplementation. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that S-nitrosylation of DHFR at cysteine 7 by eNOS-derived NO is crucial for DHFR stability. We also conclude that NO-induced stabilization of DHFR prevents eNOS uncoupling via regeneration of BH4, an essential eNOS cofactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhejun Cai
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Z.C., Q.L., Y.D., Q.W., L.X., P.S., M.-H.Z.); and Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Zhejiang, China (Z.C.)
| | - Qiulun Lu
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Z.C., Q.L., Y.D., Q.W., L.X., P.S., M.-H.Z.); and Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Zhejiang, China (Z.C.)
| | - Ye Ding
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Z.C., Q.L., Y.D., Q.W., L.X., P.S., M.-H.Z.); and Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Zhejiang, China (Z.C.)
| | - Qilong Wang
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Z.C., Q.L., Y.D., Q.W., L.X., P.S., M.-H.Z.); and Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Zhejiang, China (Z.C.)
| | - Lei Xiao
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Z.C., Q.L., Y.D., Q.W., L.X., P.S., M.-H.Z.); and Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Zhejiang, China (Z.C.)
| | - Ping Song
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Z.C., Q.L., Y.D., Q.W., L.X., P.S., M.-H.Z.); and Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Zhejiang, China (Z.C.)
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Z.C., Q.L., Y.D., Q.W., L.X., P.S., M.-H.Z.); and Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Zhejiang, China (Z.C.).
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47
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Daiber A, Münzel T. Organic Nitrate Therapy, Nitrate Tolerance, and Nitrate-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction: Emphasis on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:899-942. [PMID: 26261901 PMCID: PMC4752190 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic nitrates, such as nitroglycerin (GTN), isosorbide-5-mononitrate and isosorbide dinitrate, and pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN), when given acutely, have potent vasodilator effects improving symptoms in patients with acute and chronic congestive heart failure, stable coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndromes, or arterial hypertension. The mechanisms underlying vasodilation include the release of •NO or a related compound in response to intracellular bioactivation (for GTN, the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase [ALDH-2]) and activation of the enzyme, soluble guanylyl cyclase. Increasing cyclic guanosine-3',-5'-monophosphate (cGMP) levels lead to an activation of the cGMP-dependent kinase I, thereby causing the relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle by decreasing intracellular calcium concentrations. The hemodynamic and anti-ischemic effects of organic nitrates are rapidly lost upon long-term (low-dose) administration due to the rapid development of tolerance and endothelial dysfunction, which is in most cases linked to increased intracellular oxidative stress. Enzymatic sources of reactive oxygen species under nitrate therapy include mitochondria, NADPH oxidases, and an uncoupled •NO synthase. Acute high-dose challenges with organic nitrates cause a similar loss of potency (tachyphylaxis), but with distinct pathomechanism. The differences among organic nitrates are highlighted regarding their potency to induce oxidative stress and subsequent tolerance and endothelial dysfunction. We also address pleiotropic effects of organic nitrates, for example, their capacity to stimulate antioxidant pathways like those demonstrated for PETN, all of which may prevent adverse effects in response to long-term therapy. Based on these considerations, we will discuss and present some preclinical data on how the nitrate of the future should be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- The 2nd Medical Clinic, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- The 2nd Medical Clinic, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz, Germany
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48
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Shepherd AI, Gilchrist M, Winyard PG, Jones AM, Hallmann E, Kazimierczak R, Rembialkowska E, Benjamin N, Shore AC, Wilkerson DP. Effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on the oxygen cost of exercise and walking performance in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 86:200-8. [PMID: 25998421 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dietary nitrate supplementation has been shown to reduce the oxygen (O2) cost of exercise and enhance exercise tolerance in healthy individuals. This study assessed whether similar effects could be observed in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, 48 participants with T2DM supplemented their diet for 4 days with either nitrate-rich beetroot juice (70ml/day, 6.43mmol nitrate/day) or nitrate-depleted beetroot juice as placebo (70ml/day, 0.07mmol nitrate/day). After each intervention period, resting plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations were measured subsequent to participants completing moderate-paced walking. Pulmonary gas exchange was measured to assess the O2 cost of walking. After a rest period, participants performed the 6-min walk test (6MWT). Relative to placebo, beetroot juice resulted in a significant increase in plasma nitrate (placebo, 57±66 vs beetroot, 319±110µM; P < 0.001) and plasma nitrite concentration (placebo, 680±256 vs beetroot, 1065±607nM; P < 0.001). There were no differences between placebo juice and beetroot juice for the O2 cost of walking (946±221 vs 939±223ml/min, respectively; P = 0.59) and distance covered in the 6MWT (550±83 vs 554±90m, respectively; P = 0.17). Nitrate supplementation did not affect the O2 cost of moderate-paced walking or improve performance in the 6MWT. These findings indicate that dietary nitrate supplementation does not modulate the response to exercise in individuals with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony I Shepherd
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, Devon, UK; University of Exeter Medical School and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Mark Gilchrist
- University of Exeter Medical School and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Paul G Winyard
- University of Exeter Medical School and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Andrew M Jones
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, Devon, UK
| | | | | | | | - Nigel Benjamin
- University of Exeter Medical School and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Angela C Shore
- University of Exeter Medical School and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Daryl P Wilkerson
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, Devon, UK.
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49
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Rodriguez MP, Tsihlis ND, Emond ZM, Wang Z, Varu VN, Jiang Q, Vercammen JM, Kibbe MR. Nitric oxide affects UbcH10 levels differently in type 1 and type 2 diabetic rats. J Surg Res 2015; 196:180-9. [PMID: 25801975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) more effectively inhibits neointimal hyperplasia in type 2 diabetic versus nondiabetic and type 1 diabetic rodents. NO also decreases the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH10, which is critical to cell-cycle regulation. This study seeks to determine whether UbcH10 levels in the vasculature of diabetic animal models account for the differential efficacy of NO at inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) harvested from nondiabetic lean Zucker (LZ) and type 2 diabetic Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were exposed to high glucose (25 mM) and high insulin (24 nM) conditions to mimic the diabetic environment in vitro. LZ, streptozotocin-injected LZ (STZ, type 1 diabetic), and ZDF rats underwent carotid artery balloon injury (±10 mg PROLI/NO), and vessels were harvested at 3 and 14 d. UbcH10 was assessed by Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS NO more effectively reduced UbcH10 levels in LZ versus ZDF VSMCs; however, addition of insulin and glucose dramatically potentiated the inhibitory effect of NO on UbcH10 in ZDF VSMCs. Three days after balloon injury, Western blotting showed NO decreased free UbcH10 and increased polyubiquitinated UbcH10 levels by 35% in both STZ and ZDF animals. Fourteen days after injury, immunofluorescent staining showed increased UbcH10 levels throughout the arterial wall in all animal models. NO decreased UbcH10 levels in LZ and STZ rats but not in ZDF. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a disconnect between UbcH10 levels and neointimal hyperplasia formation in type 2 diabetic models and contribute valuable insight regarding differential efficacy of NO in these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica P Rodriguez
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nick D Tsihlis
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zachary M Emond
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zheng Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Vinit N Varu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Qun Jiang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Janet M Vercammen
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Melina R Kibbe
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
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50
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Upregulation of Unc-51-like kinase 1 by nitric oxide stabilizes SIRT1, independent of autophagy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116165. [PMID: 25541949 PMCID: PMC4277463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT1 is central to the lifespan and vascular health, but undergoes degradation that contributes to several medical conditions, including diabetes. How SIRT1 turnover is regulated remains unclear. However, emerging evidence suggests that endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) positively regulates SIRT1 protein expression. We recently identified NO as an endogenous inhibitor of 26S proteasome functionality with a cellular reporter system. Here we extended this finding to a novel pathway that regulates SIRT1 protein breakdown. In cycloheximide (CHX)-treated endothelial cells, NONOate, an NO donor, and A23187, an eNOS activator, significantly stabilized SIRT1 protein. Similarly, NO enhanced SIRT1 protein, but not mRNA expression, in CHX-free cells. NO also stabilized an autophagy-related protein unc-51 like kinase (ULK1), but did not restore SIRT1 protein levels in ULK1-siRNA-treated cells or in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) from Ulk1-/- mice. This suggests that ULK1 mediated the NO regulation of SIRT1. Furthermore, adenoviral overexpression of ULK1 increased SIRT1 protein expression, while ULK1 siRNA treatment decreased it. Rapamycin-induced autophagy did not mimic these effects, suggesting that the effects of ULK1 were autophagy-independent. Treatment with MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, or siRNA of β-TrCP1, an E3 ligase, prevented SIRT1 reduction induced by ULK1-siRNA. Mechanistically, ULK1 negatively regulated 26S proteasome functionality, which was at least partly mediated by O-linked-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), probably by increased O-GlcNAc modification of proteasomal subunit Rpt2. The NO-ULK1-SIRT1 axis was likely operative in the whole animal: both ULK1 and SIRT1 protein levels were significantly reduced in tissue homogenates in eNOS-knockout mice (lung) and in db/db mice where eNOS is downregulated (lung and heart). Taken together, the results show that NO stabilizes SIRT1 by regulating 26S proteasome functionality through ULK1 and OGT, but not autophagy, in endothelial cells.
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