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Wang Q, Peng W, Yang Y, Wu Y, Han R, Ding T, Zhang X, Liu J, Yang J, Liu J. Proteome and ubiquitinome analyses of the brain cortex in K18- hACE2 mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. iScience 2024; 27:110602. [PMID: 39211577 PMCID: PMC11357812 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical research indicates that SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked to several neurological consequences, and the virus is still spreading despite the availability of vaccinations and antiviral medications. To determine how hosts respond to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we employed LC-MS/MS to perform ubiquitinome and proteome analyses of the brain cortexes from K18-hACE2 mice in the presence and absence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 8,024 quantifiable proteins and 5,220 quantifiable lysine ubiquitination (Kub) sites in 2023 proteins were found. Glutamatergic synapse, calcium signaling pathway, and long-term potentiation may all play roles in the neurological consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Then, we observed possible interactions between 26 SARS-CoV-2 proteins/E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases/deubiquitinases and several differentially expressed mouse proteins or Kub sites. We present the first description of the brain cortex ubiquitinome in K18-hACE2 mice, laying the groundwork for further investigation into the pathogenic processes and treatment options for neurological dysfunction following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaochu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Wanjun Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, CAMS and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yehong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Rong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Tao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xutong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jiangning Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, CAMS and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Juntao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jiangfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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Maghsoudi S, Shuaib R, Van Bastelaere B, Dakshinamurti S. Adenylyl cyclase isoforms 5 and 6 in the cardiovascular system: complex regulation and divergent roles. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1370506. [PMID: 38633617 PMCID: PMC11021717 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1370506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) are crucial effector enzymes that transduce divergent signals from upstream receptor pathways and are responsible for catalyzing the conversion of ATP to cAMP. The ten AC isoforms are categorized into four main groups; the class III or calcium-inhibited family of ACs comprises AC5 and AC6. These enzymes are very closely related in structure and have a paucity of selective activators or inhibitors, making it difficult to distinguish them experimentally. AC5 and AC6 are highly expressed in the heart and vasculature, as well as the spinal cord and brain; AC6 is also abundant in the lungs, kidney, and liver. However, while AC5 and AC6 have similar expression patterns with some redundant functions, they have distinct physiological roles due to differing regulation and cAMP signaling compartmentation. AC5 is critical in cardiac and vascular function; AC6 is a key effector of vasodilatory pathways in vascular myocytes and is enriched in fetal/neonatal tissues. Expression of both AC5 and AC6 decreases in heart failure; however, AC5 disruption is cardio-protective, while overexpression of AC6 rescues cardiac function in cardiac injury. This is a comprehensive review of the complex regulation of AC5 and AC6 in the cardiovascular system, highlighting overexpression and knockout studies as well as transgenic models illuminating each enzyme and focusing on post-translational modifications that regulate their cellular localization and biological functions. We also describe pharmacological challenges in the design of isoform-selective activators or inhibitors for AC5 and AC6, which may be relevant to developing new therapeutic approaches for several cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Maghsoudi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Rabia Shuaib
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ben Van Bastelaere
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shyamala Dakshinamurti
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Garnier A, Leroy J, Deloménie C, Mateo P, Viollet B, Veksler V, Mericskay M, Ventura-Clapier R, Piquereau J. Modulation of cardiac cAMP signaling by AMPK and its adjustments in pressure overload-induced myocardial dysfunction in rat and mouse. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292015. [PMID: 37733758 PMCID: PMC10513315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The beta-adrenergic system is a potent stimulus for enhancing cardiac output that may become deleterious when energy metabolism is compromised as in heart failure. We thus examined whether the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) that is activated in response to energy depletion may control the beta-adrenergic pathway. We studied the cardiac response to beta-adrenergic stimulation of AMPKα2-/- mice or to pharmacological AMPK activation on contractile function, calcium current, cAMP content and expression of adenylyl cyclase 5 (AC5), a rate limiting step of the beta-adrenergic pathway. In AMPKα2-/- mice the expression of AC5 (+50%), the dose response curve of left ventricular developed pressure to isoprenaline (p<0.001) or the response to forskolin, an activator of AC (+25%), were significantly increased compared to WT heart. Similarly, the response of L-type calcium current to 3-isobutyl-l-methylxanthine (IBMX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor was significantly higher in KO (+98%, p<0.01) than WT (+57%) isolated cardiomyocytes. Conversely, pharmacological activation of AMPK by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) induced a 45% decrease in AC5 expression (p<0.001) and a 40% decrease of cAMP content (P<0.001) as measured by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) compared to unstimulated rat cardiomyocytes. Finally, in experimental pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction, AMPK activation was associated with a decreased expression of AC5 that was blunted in AMPKα2-/- mice. The results show that AMPK activation down-regulates AC5 expression and blunts the beta-adrenergic cascade. This crosstalk between AMPK and beta-adrenergic pathways may participate in a compensatory energy sparing mechanism in dysfunctional myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Garnier
- UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Jérôme Leroy
- UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Claudine Deloménie
- ACTAGen, UMS IPSIT, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Philippe Mateo
- Physics for Medecine, Ecole Supérieure de Physique Chimie Industrielles de Paris, INSERM U1273, CNRS UMR8063, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Vladimir Veksler
- UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Mathias Mericskay
- UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | | | - Jérôme Piquereau
- UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Laboratoire PRéTI UR 24184, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Mathur PD, Zou J, Neiswanger G, Zhu D, Wang Y, Almishaal AA, Vashist D, Hammond HK, Park AH, Yang J. Adenylyl cyclase 6 plays a minor role in the mouse inner ear and retina. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7075. [PMID: 37127773 PMCID: PMC10151359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclase 6 (AC6) synthesizes second messenger cAMP in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. In cochlear hair cells, AC6 distribution relies on an adhesion GPCR, ADGRV1, which is associated with Usher syndrome (USH), a condition of combined hearing and vision loss. ADGRV1 is a component of the USH type 2 (USH2) protein complex in hair cells and photoreceptors. However, the role of AC6 in the inner ear and retina has not been explored. Here, we found that AC6 distribution in hair cells depends on the USH2 protein complex integrity. Several known AC6 regulators and effectors, which were previously reported to participate in ADGRV1 signaling in vitro, are localized to the stereociliary compartments that overlap with AC6 distribution in hair cells. In young AC6 knockout (Adcy6-/-) mice, the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, but not Akt kinase, is altered in cochleas, while both kinases are normal in vestibular organs. Adult Adcy6-/- mice however exhibit normal hearing function. AC6 is expressed in mouse retinas but rarely in photoreceptors. Adcy6-/- mice have slightly enhanced photopic but normal scotopic vision. Therefore, AC6 may participate in the ADGRV1 signaling in hair cells but AC6 is not essential for cochlear and retinal development and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Dinesh Mathur
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
- Vecprobio Inc., San Diego, CA, 92126, USA
| | - Junhuang Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Grace Neiswanger
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Daniel Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Ali A Almishaal
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepti Vashist
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - H Kirk Hammond
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Albert H Park
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
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Preferential Expression of Ca2+-Stimulable Adenylyl Cyclase III in the Supraventricular Area, Including Arrhythmogenic Pulmonary Vein of the Rat Heart. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050724. [PMID: 35625651 PMCID: PMC9138642 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic excitability in pulmonary veins (PVs) is the major cause of atrial fibrillation. We previously reported that the inositol trisphosphate receptor in rat PV cardiomyocytes cooperates with the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger to provoke ectopic automaticity in response to norepinephrine. Here, we focused on adenylyl cyclase (AC) as another effector of norepinephrine stimulation. RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting revealed that the abundant expression of Ca2+-stimulable AC3 was restricted to the supraventricular area, including the PVs. All the other AC isotypes hardly displayed any region-specific expressions. Immunostaining of isolated cardiomyocytes showed an enriched expression of AC3 along the t-tubules in PV myocytes. The cAMP-dependent response of L-type Ca2+ currents in the PV and LA cells is strengthened by the 0.1 mM intracellular Ca2+ condition, unlike in the ventricular cells. The norepinephrine-induced automaticity of PV cardiomyocytes was reversibly suppressed by 100 µM SQ22536, an adenine-like AC inhibitor. These findings suggest that the specific expression of AC3 along t-tubules may contribute to arrhythmogenic automaticity in rat PV cardiomyocytes.
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Ostrom KF, LaVigne JE, Brust TF, Seifert R, Dessauer CW, Watts VJ, Ostrom RS. Physiological roles of mammalian transmembrane adenylyl cyclase isoforms. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:815-857. [PMID: 34698552 PMCID: PMC8759965 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) catalyze the conversion of ATP to the ubiquitous second messenger cAMP. Mammals possess nine isoforms of transmembrane ACs, dubbed AC1-9, that serve as major effector enzymes of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The transmembrane ACs display varying expression patterns across tissues, giving the potential for them to have a wide array of physiological roles. Cells express multiple AC isoforms, implying that ACs have redundant functions. Furthermore, all transmembrane ACs are activated by Gαs, so it was long assumed that all ACs are activated by Gαs-coupled GPCRs. AC isoforms partition to different microdomains of the plasma membrane and form prearranged signaling complexes with specific GPCRs that contribute to cAMP signaling compartments. This compartmentation allows for a diversity of cellular and physiological responses by enabling unique signaling events to be triggered by different pools of cAMP. Isoform-specific pharmacological activators or inhibitors are lacking for most ACs, making knockdown and overexpression the primary tools for examining the physiological roles of a given isoform. Much progress has been made in understanding the physiological effects mediated through individual transmembrane ACs. GPCR-AC-cAMP signaling pathways play significant roles in regulating functions of every cell and tissue, so understanding each AC isoform's role holds potential for uncovering new approaches for treating a vast array of pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin E LaVigne
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Tarsis F Brust
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, Florida
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carmen W Dessauer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Val J Watts
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Rennolds S Ostrom
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California
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Devasani K, Yao Y. Expression and functions of adenylyl cyclases in the CNS. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:23. [PMID: 35307032 PMCID: PMC8935726 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases (ADCYs), by generating second messenger cAMP, play important roles in various cellular processes. Their expression, regulation and functions in the CNS, however, remain largely unknown. In this review, we first introduce the classification and structure of ADCYs, followed by a discussion of the regulation of mammalian ADCYs (ADCY1-10). Next, the expression and function of each mammalian ADCY isoform are summarized in a region/cell-specific manner. Furthermore, the effects of GPCR-ADCY signaling on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity are reviewed. Last, current challenges and future directions are discussed. We aim to provide a succinct review on ADCYs to foster new research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Devasani
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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Brandenburg S, Pawlowitz J, Steckmeister V, Subramanian H, Uhlenkamp D, Scardigli M, Mushtaq M, Amlaz SI, Kohl T, Wegener JW, Arvanitis DA, Sanoudou D, Sacconi L, Hasenfuss G, Voigt N, Nikolaev VO, Lehnart SE. A junctional cAMP compartment regulates rapid Ca 2+ signaling in atrial myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 165:141-157. [PMID: 35033544 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Axial tubule junctions with the sarcoplasmic reticulum control the rapid intracellular Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release that initiates atrial contraction. In atrial myocytes we previously identified a constitutively increased ryanodine receptor (RyR2) phosphorylation at junctional Ca2+ release sites, whereas non-junctional RyR2 clusters were phosphorylated acutely following β-adrenergic stimulation. Here, we hypothesized that the baseline synthesis of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is constitutively augmented in the axial tubule junctional compartments of atrial myocytes. Confocal immunofluorescence imaging of atrial myocytes revealed that junctin, binding to RyR2 in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, was densely clustered at axial tubule junctions. Interestingly, a new transgenic junctin-targeted FRET cAMP biosensor was exclusively co-clustered in the junctional compartment, and hence allowed to monitor cAMP selectively in the vicinity of junctional RyR2 channels. To dissect local cAMP levels at axial tubule junctions versus subsurface Ca2+ release sites, we developed a confocal FRET imaging technique for living atrial myocytes. A constitutively high adenylyl cyclase activity sustained increased local cAMP levels at axial tubule junctions, whereas β-adrenergic stimulation overcame this cAMP compartmentation resulting in additional phosphorylation of non-junctional RyR2 clusters. Adenylyl cyclase inhibition, however, abolished the junctional RyR2 phosphorylation and decreased L-type Ca2+ channel currents, while FRET imaging showed a rapid cAMP decrease. In conclusion, FRET biosensor imaging identified compartmentalized, constitutively augmented cAMP levels in junctional dyads, driving both the locally increased phosphorylation of RyR2 clusters and larger L-type Ca2+ current density in atrial myocytes. This cell-specific cAMP nanodomain is maintained by a constitutively increased adenylyl cyclase activity, contributing to the rapid junctional Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release, whereas β-adrenergic stimulation overcomes the junctional cAMP compartmentation through cell-wide activation of non-junctional RyR2 clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Brandenburg
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Jan Pawlowitz
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Steckmeister
- Heart Research Center Göttingen, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hariharan Subramanian
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Uhlenkamp
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marina Scardigli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy and National Institute of Optics (INO-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Mufassra Mushtaq
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Saskia I Amlaz
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Kohl
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg W Wegener
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Demetrios A Arvanitis
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina Sanoudou
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonardo Sacconi
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy and National Institute of Optics (INO-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Niels Voigt
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany; Heart Research Center Göttingen, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stephan E Lehnart
- Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany; BioMET, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Keskin H, Tavaci T, Halici H, Yuksel TN, Ozkaraca M, Bilen A, Kose D, Mendil AS, Halici Z. Early administration of milrinone ameliorates lung and kidney injury during sepsis in juvenile rats. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e14917. [PMID: 34242458 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A sepsis model was created, induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), in juvenile rat groups. Milrinone (MIL), which is known to have a modulatory effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines, was administered to the designated rat groups in the early period before severe sepsis developed. The study was aimed at investigating the possible protective effects of milrinone on the lung and kidney tissues of rats in the late phase of sepsis. METHODS The rat pups were divided into seven groups with six animals in each group: (1) healthy rats who received no drug; (2) CLP-S12 (sacrificed at hour 12); (3) CLP-S24 (sacrificed at hour 24); (4) CLP-MIL1-S12 (administered with 0.5 mg/kg milrinone at hour 1 and sacrificed at hour 12); (5) CLP-MIL1-S24 (administered with 0.5 mg/kg milrinone at hour 1 and sacrificed at hour 24): (6) CLP-MIL12-S24 (administered with 0.5 mg/kg milrinone at hour 12 and sacrificed at hour 24), (7) and CLP-MIL1,12-S24 (administered with 0.5 mg/kg milrinone at hours 1 and 12 and sacrificed at hour 24). RESULTS Significant differences were found between the early and late administration of milrinone in terms of both molecular and histopathological results. The results showed that the tissues were significantly preserved in the groups in which milrinone had been started in the early period compared to the sepsis control groups and the groups in which milrinone had been started in the late period. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the positive inotropic effects of milrinone, its immunomodulatory properties that result in decreased cytokine storm can be beneficial during early period of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Keskin
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Taha Tavaci
- Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hamza Halici
- Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tugba Nurcan Yuksel
- Department of Pharmacology, Namik Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozkaraca
- Department of Pathology, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Veterinary, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Arzu Bilen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kose
- Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Sefa Mendil
- Department of Pathology, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Veterinary, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Zekai Halici
- Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey.,Clinical Research, Development and Design Application and Research Center, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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10
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Vinogradova TM, Lakatta EG. Dual Activation of Phosphodiesterase 3 and 4 Regulates Basal Cardiac Pacemaker Function and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [PMID: 34445119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168414.pmid:34445119;pmcid:pmc8395138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The sinoatrial (SA) node is the physiological pacemaker of the heart, and resting heart rate in humans is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Consequently, the mechanisms of initiating and regulating the normal spontaneous SA node beating rate are of vital importance. Spontaneous firing of the SA node is generated within sinoatrial nodal cells (SANC), which is regulated by the coupled-clock pacemaker system. Normal spontaneous beating of SANC is driven by a high level of cAMP-mediated PKA-dependent protein phosphorylation, which rely on the balance between high basal cAMP production by adenylyl cyclases and high basal cAMP degradation by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). This diverse class of enzymes includes 11 families and PDE3 and PDE4 families dominate in both the SA node and cardiac myocardium, degrading cAMP and, consequently, regulating basal cardiac pacemaker function and excitation-contraction coupling. In this review, we will demonstrate similarities between expression, distribution, and colocalization of various PDE subtypes in SANC and cardiac myocytes of different species, including humans, focusing on PDE3 and PDE4. Here, we will describe specific targets of the coupled-clock pacemaker system modulated by dual PDE3 + PDE4 activation and provide evidence that concurrent activation of PDE3 + PDE4, operating in a synergistic manner, regulates the basal cardiac pacemaker function and provides control over normal spontaneous beating of SANCs through (PDE3 + PDE4)-dependent modulation of local subsarcolemmal Ca2+ releases (LCRs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana M Vinogradova
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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11
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Dual Activation of Phosphodiesterase 3 and 4 Regulates Basal Cardiac Pacemaker Function and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168414. [PMID: 34445119 PMCID: PMC8395138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sinoatrial (SA) node is the physiological pacemaker of the heart, and resting heart rate in humans is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Consequently, the mechanisms of initiating and regulating the normal spontaneous SA node beating rate are of vital importance. Spontaneous firing of the SA node is generated within sinoatrial nodal cells (SANC), which is regulated by the coupled-clock pacemaker system. Normal spontaneous beating of SANC is driven by a high level of cAMP-mediated PKA-dependent protein phosphorylation, which rely on the balance between high basal cAMP production by adenylyl cyclases and high basal cAMP degradation by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). This diverse class of enzymes includes 11 families and PDE3 and PDE4 families dominate in both the SA node and cardiac myocardium, degrading cAMP and, consequently, regulating basal cardiac pacemaker function and excitation-contraction coupling. In this review, we will demonstrate similarities between expression, distribution, and colocalization of various PDE subtypes in SANC and cardiac myocytes of different species, including humans, focusing on PDE3 and PDE4. Here, we will describe specific targets of the coupled-clock pacemaker system modulated by dual PDE3 + PDE4 activation and provide evidence that concurrent activation of PDE3 + PDE4, operating in a synergistic manner, regulates the basal cardiac pacemaker function and provides control over normal spontaneous beating of SANCs through (PDE3 + PDE4)-dependent modulation of local subsarcolemmal Ca2+ releases (LCRs).
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12
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Colombe AS, Pidoux G. Cardiac cAMP-PKA Signaling Compartmentalization in Myocardial Infarction. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040922. [PMID: 33923648 PMCID: PMC8073060 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, cAMP signaling plays a key role in the regulation of cardiac function. Activation of this intracellular signaling pathway mirrors cardiomyocyte adaptation to various extracellular stimuli. Extracellular ligand binding to seven-transmembrane receptors (also known as GPCRs) with G proteins and adenylyl cyclases (ACs) modulate the intracellular cAMP content. Subsequently, this second messenger triggers activation of specific intracellular downstream effectors that ensure a proper cellular response. Therefore, it is essential for the cell to keep the cAMP signaling highly regulated in space and time. The temporal regulation depends on the activity of ACs and phosphodiesterases. By scaffolding key components of the cAMP signaling machinery, A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) coordinate both the spatial and temporal regulation. Myocardial infarction is one of the major causes of death in industrialized countries and is characterized by a prolonged cardiac ischemia. This leads to irreversible cardiomyocyte death and impairs cardiac function. Regardless of its causes, a chronic activation of cardiac cAMP signaling is established to compensate this loss. While this adaptation is primarily beneficial for contractile function, it turns out, in the long run, to be deleterious. This review compiles current knowledge about cardiac cAMP compartmentalization under physiological conditions and post-myocardial infarction when it appears to be profoundly impaired.
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13
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Di Benedetto G, Iannucci LF, Surdo NC, Zanin S, Conca F, Grisan F, Gerbino A, Lefkimmiatis K. Compartmentalized Signaling in Aging and Neurodegeneration. Cells 2021; 10:464. [PMID: 33671541 PMCID: PMC7926881 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclic AMP (cAMP) signalling cascade is necessary for cell homeostasis and plays important roles in many processes. This is particularly relevant during ageing and age-related diseases, where drastic changes, generally decreases, in cAMP levels have been associated with the progressive decline in overall cell function and, eventually, the loss of cellular integrity. The functional relevance of reduced cAMP is clearly supported by the finding that increases in cAMP levels can reverse some of the effects of ageing. Nevertheless, despite these observations, the molecular mechanisms underlying the dysregulation of cAMP signalling in ageing are not well understood. Compartmentalization is widely accepted as the modality through which cAMP achieves its functional specificity; therefore, it is important to understand whether and how this mechanism is affected during ageing and to define which is its contribution to this process. Several animal models demonstrate the importance of specific cAMP signalling components in ageing, however, how age-related changes in each of these elements affect the compartmentalization of the cAMP pathway is largely unknown. In this review, we explore the connection of single components of the cAMP signalling cascade to ageing and age-related diseases whilst elaborating the literature in the context of cAMP signalling compartmentalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulietta Di Benedetto
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 35121 Padova, Italy;
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research, 35129 Padova, Italy; (L.F.I.); (S.Z.); (F.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Liliana F. Iannucci
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research, 35129 Padova, Italy; (L.F.I.); (S.Z.); (F.C.); (F.G.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta C. Surdo
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 35121 Padova, Italy;
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research, 35129 Padova, Italy; (L.F.I.); (S.Z.); (F.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Sofia Zanin
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research, 35129 Padova, Italy; (L.F.I.); (S.Z.); (F.C.); (F.G.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Filippo Conca
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research, 35129 Padova, Italy; (L.F.I.); (S.Z.); (F.C.); (F.G.)
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Grisan
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research, 35129 Padova, Italy; (L.F.I.); (S.Z.); (F.C.); (F.G.)
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Gerbino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Konstantinos Lefkimmiatis
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research, 35129 Padova, Italy; (L.F.I.); (S.Z.); (F.C.); (F.G.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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14
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Chen S, Yan C. An update of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase as a target for cardiac diseases. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:183-196. [PMID: 32957823 PMCID: PMC7854486 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1821643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cyclic nucleotides, cAMP, and cGMP, are important second messengers of intracellular signaling and play crucial roles in cardiovascular biology and diseases. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) control the duration, magnitude, and compartmentalization of cyclic nucleotide signaling by catalyzing the hydrolysis of cyclic nucleotides. Individual PDEs modulate distinct signaling pathways and biological functions in the cell, making it a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of different cardiovascular disorders. The clinical success of several PDE inhibitors has ignited continued interest in PDE inhibitors and in PDE-target therapeutic strategies. AREAS COVERED This review concentrates on recent research advances of different PDE isoforms with regard to their expression patterns and biological functions in the heart. The limitations of current research and future directions are then discussed. The current and future development of PDE inhibitors is also covered. EXPERT OPINION Despite the therapeutic success of several marketed PDE inhibitors, the use of PDE inhibitors can be limited by their side effects, lack of efficacy, and lack of isoform selectivity. Advances in our understanding of the mechanisms by which cellular functions are changed through PDEs may enable the development of new approaches to achieve effective and specific PDE inhibition for various cardiac therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chen Yan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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15
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De Jong KA, Nikolaev VO. Multifaceted remodelling of cAMP microdomains driven by different aetiologies of heart failure. FEBS J 2021; 288:6603-6622. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirstie A. De Jong
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck D‐20246 Hamburg Germany
| | - Viacheslav O. Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck D‐20246 Hamburg Germany
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16
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Khannpnavar B, Mehta V, Qi C, Korkhov V. Structure and function of adenylyl cyclases, key enzymes in cellular signaling. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 63:34-41. [PMID: 32334344 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The adenylyl cyclases (ACs) catalyze the production of the ubiquitous second messenger, cAMP, which in turns acts on a number of effectors and thus regulates a plethora of cellular functions. As the key enzymes in the highly evolutionarily conserved cAMP pathway, the ACs control the physiology of the cells, tissues, organs and organisms in health and disease. A comprehensive understanding of the specific role of the ACs in these processes of life requires a deep mechanistic understanding of structure and mechanisms of action of these enzymes. Here we highlight the exciting recent reports on the biochemistry and structure and higher order organization of the ACs and their signaling complexes. These studies have provided the glimpses into the principles of the AC-mediated homeostatic control of cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basavraj Khannpnavar
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Ved Mehta
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Chao Qi
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Volodymyr Korkhov
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland.
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17
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Deng Y, Wang J, Xie G, Zeng X, Li H. Circ-HIPK3 Strengthens the Effects of Adrenaline in Heart Failure by MiR-17-3p - ADCY6 Axis. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2484-2496. [PMID: 31595165 PMCID: PMC6775314 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.36149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Overactivation of β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) can improve cardiac function temporarily but promotes the development and mortality of heart failure (HF) in the long run. CircRNA, a member of noncoding RNAs, can tolerate digestion of exonuclease and be a chronic stimulator to cell. But the relationship of circRNA with HF remains a puzzle and needs to be explored. Here, we found that circ-HIPK3 affected the concentration of Ca2+ in cytoplasm by miR-17-3p through ADCY6 (Adenylate cyclase type 6). The increase of ADCY6 caused by circ-HIPK3 was ameliorated by miR-17-3p overexpression and vice versa, implicating the existence of circ-HIPK3 - miR-17-3p - ADCY6 axis. And further assays showed that the level of circ-HIPK3 in heart was upregulated by adrenaline via transcription factor CREB1 (cAMP responsive element-binding protein 1). Experiments in vivo showed downregulation of circ-HIPK3 can alleviate fibrosis and maintain cardiac function post MI in mice. In conclusion, the increased circ-HIPK3 can be a helper for adrenaline but was harmful for heart in the long run and might be an ideal therapeutic target of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guojin Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaochen Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Bull Melsom C, Cosson MV, Ørstavik Ø, Lai NC, Hammond HK, Osnes JB, Skomedal T, Nikolaev V, Levy FO, Krobert KA. Constitutive inhibitory G protein activity upon adenylyl cyclase-dependent cardiac contractility is limited to adenylyl cyclase type 6. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218110. [PMID: 31173603 PMCID: PMC6556981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously reported that inhibitory G protein (Gi) exerts intrinsic receptor-independent inhibitory activity upon adenylyl cyclase (AC) that regulates contractile force in rat ventricle. The two major subtypes of AC in the heart are AC5 and AC6. The aim of this study was to determine if this intrinsic Gi inhibition regulating contractile force is AC subtype selective. METHODS Wild-type (WT), AC5 knockout (AC5KO) and AC6 knockout (AC6KO) mice were injected with pertussis toxin (PTX) to inactivate Gi or saline (control).Three days after injection, we evaluated the effect of simultaneous inhibition of phosphodiesterases (PDE) 3 and 4 with cilostamide and rolipram respectively upon in vivo and ex vivo left ventricular (LV) contractile function. Also, changes in the level of cAMP were measured in left ventricular homogenates and at the membrane surface in cardiomyocytes obtained from the same mouse strains expressing the cAMP sensor pmEPAC1 using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). RESULTS Simultaneous PDE3 and PDE4 inhibition increased in vivo and ex vivo rate of LV contractility only in PTX-treated WT and AC5KO mice but not in saline-treated controls. Likewise, Simultaneous PDE3 and PDE4 inhibition elevated total cAMP levels in PTX-treated WT and AC5KO mice compared to saline-treated controls. In contrast, simultaneous PDE3 and PDE4 inhibition did not increase in vivo or ex vivo rate of LV contractility or cAMP levels in PTX-treated AC6KO mice compared to saline-treated controls. Using FRET analysis, an increase of cAMP level was detected at the membrane of cardiomyocytes after simultaneous PDE3 and PDE4 inhibition in WT and AC5KO but not AC6KO. These FRET data are consistent with the functional data indicating that AC6 activity and PTX inhibition of Gi is necessary for simultaneous inhibition of PDE3 and PDE4 to elicit an increase in contractility. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data suggest that AC6 is tightly regulated by intrinsic receptor-independent Gi activity, thus providing a mechanism for maintaining low basal cAMP levels in the functional compartment that regulates contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bull Melsom
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo,
Norway
| | - Marie-Victoire Cosson
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo,
Norway
| | - Øivind Ørstavik
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo,
Norway
| | - Ngai Chin Lai
- Department of Veterans Affairs, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego,
California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California,
United States of America
| | - H. Kirk Hammond
- Department of Veterans Affairs, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego,
California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California,
United States of America
| | - Jan-Bjørn Osnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo,
Norway
| | - Tor Skomedal
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo,
Norway
| | | | - Finn Olav Levy
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo,
Norway
| | - Kurt Allen Krobert
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo,
Norway
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19
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Syed AU, Reddy GR, Ghosh D, Prada MP, Nystoriak MA, Morotti S, Grandi E, Sirish P, Chiamvimonvat N, Hell JW, Santana LF, Xiang YK, Nieves-Cintrón M, Navedo MF. Adenylyl cyclase 5-generated cAMP controls cerebral vascular reactivity during diabetic hyperglycemia. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3140-3152. [PMID: 31162142 PMCID: PMC6668679 DOI: 10.1172/jci124705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated blood glucose (hyperglycemia) is a hallmark metabolic abnormality in diabetes. Hyperglycemia is associated with protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated stimulation of L-type Ca2+ channels in arterial myocytes resulting in increased vasoconstriction. However, the mechanisms by which glucose activates PKA remain unclear. Here, we showed that elevating extracellular glucose stimulates cAMP production in arterial myocytes, and that this was specifically dependent on adenylyl cyclase 5 (AC5) activity. Super-resolution imaging suggested nanometer proximity between subpopulations of AC5 and the L-type Ca2+ channel pore-forming subunit CaV1.2. In vitro, in silico, ex vivo and in vivo experiments revealed that this close association is critical for stimulation of L-type Ca2+ channels in arterial myocytes and increased myogenic tone upon acute hyperglycemia. This pathway supported the increase in L-type Ca2+ channel activity and myogenic tone in two animal models of diabetes. Our collective findings demonstrate a unique role for AC5 in PKA-dependent modulation of L-type Ca2+ channel activity and vascular reactivity during acute hyperglycemia and diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Adenylyl Cyclases/genetics
- Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism
- Animals
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/biosynthesis
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/genetics
- Cerebral Arteries/enzymology
- Cerebral Arteries/pathology
- Cyclic AMP/genetics
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Hyperglycemia/enzymology
- Hyperglycemia/genetics
- Hyperglycemia/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan U. Syed
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Gopireddy R. Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Debapriya Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Maria Paz Prada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Matthew A. Nystoriak
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Stefano Morotti
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Eleonora Grandi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Padmini Sirish
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA
| | - Johannes W. Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Luis F. Santana
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Yang K. Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA
| | | | - Manuel F. Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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20
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Pathological cardiac hypertrophy: the synergy of adenylyl cyclases inhibition in cardiac and immune cells during chronic catecholamine stress. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:897-907. [PMID: 31062036 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01790-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Response to stressors in our environment and daily lives is an adaptation conserved through evolution as it is beneficial in enhancing the survival and continuity of humans. Although stressors have evolved, the drastic physiological response they elicit still remains unchanged. The chronic secretion and circulation of catecholamines to produce physical responses when they are not required may result in pathological consequences which affect cardiac function drastically. This review seeks to point out the probable implication of chronic stress in inducing an inflammation disorder in the heart. We discussed the likely synergy of a G protein-independent stimuli signaling via β2-adrenergic receptors in both cardiomyocytes and immune cells during chronic catecholamine stress. To explain this synergy, we hypothesized the possibility of adenylyl cyclases having a regulatory effect on G protein-coupled receptor kinases. This was based on the negative correlations they exhibit during normal cardiac function and heart failures. As such, the downregulation of adenylyl cyclases in cardiomyocytes and immune cells during chronic catecholamine stress enhances the expressions of G protein-coupled receptor kinases. In addition, we explain the maladaptive roles played by G protein-coupled receptor kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the synergistic cascade that pathologically remodels the heart. Finally, we highlighted the therapeutic potentials of an adenylyl cyclases stimulator to attenuate pathological cardiac hypertrophy (PCH) and improve cardiac function in patients developing cardiac disorders due to chronic catecholamine stress.
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21
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Cosson MV, Hiis HG, Moltzau LR, Levy FO, Krobert KA. Knockout of adenylyl cyclase isoform 5 or 6 differentially modifies the β 1-adrenoceptor-mediated inotropic response. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 131:132-145. [PMID: 31009605 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although only β2-adrenergic receptors (βAR) dually couple with stimulatory G protein (Gs) and inhibitory G protein (Gi), inactivation of Gi enhances both β1AR and β2AR responsiveness. We hypothesize that Gi restrains spontaneous adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity independent of receptor activation. Subcellular localization of the AC5/6 subtypes varies contributing to the compartmentation of βAR signaling. The primary objectives were to determine: (1) if β1AR-mediated inotropic responses were dependent upon either AC5 or AC6; (2) if intrinsic Gi inhibition is AC subtype selective and (3) the role of phosphodiesterases (PDE) 3/4 to regulate β1AR responsiveness. β1AR-mediated increases in contractile force and cAMP accumulation in cardiomyocytes were measured from wild type, AC5 and AC6 knockout (KO) mice, with or without pertussis toxin (PTX) pretreatment to inactivate Gi and/or after selective inhibition of PDEs 3/4. Noradrenaline potency at β1ARs was increased in AC6 KO. PDE4 inhibition increased noradrenaline potency in wild type and AC5 KO, but not AC6 KO. PTX increased noradrenaline potency only in wild type but increased the maximal β1AR response in all mouse strains. PDE3 inhibition increased noradrenaline potency only in AC5 KO that was treated prior with PTX. β1AR-evoked cAMP accumulation was increased more by PDE4 inhibition than PDE3 inhibition in wild type and AC5 KO that was amplified by Gi inhibition. These data indicate that β1AR-mediated inotropic responses are not dependent upon either AC5 or AC6 alone. Inactivation of Gi enhanced β1AR-mediated inotropic responses despite not coupling to Gi, consistent with Gi exerting a tonic receptor independent inhibition upon AC5/6. PDE4 seems the primary regulator of β1AR signaling through AC6 in wild type. AC6 KO results in a reorganization of β1AR compartmentation characterized by signaling through AC5 regulated by Gi, PDE3 and PDE4 that maintains normal contractile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Victoire Cosson
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Heart Failure Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Halvard Gautefall Hiis
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Heart Failure Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Román Moltzau
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Heart Failure Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn Olav Levy
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Heart Failure Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kurt Allen Krobert
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Heart Failure Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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22
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Tan Z, Giamouridis D, Lai NC, Kim YC, Guo T, Xia B, Gao MH, Hammond HK. Cardiac-Directed Expression of Adenylyl Cyclase Catalytic Domain ( C1C2) Attenuates Deleterious Effects of Pressure Overload. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:682-692. [PMID: 30638074 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A fusion protein (C1C2) constructed by fusing the intracellular C1 and C2 segments of adenylyl cyclase type 6 (AC6) retains beneficial effects of AC6 expression, without increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate generation. The effects of cardiac-directed C1C2 expression in pressure overload is unknown. Left ventricular (LV) pressure overload was induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in C1C2 mice and in transgene negative (TG-) mice. Four weeks after TAC, LV systolic function and diastolic function were measured, and Ca2+ handling was assessed. Four weeks after TAC, TG- animals showed reduced LV peak +dP/dt. LV peak +dP/dt in C1C2 mice was statistically indistinguishable from that of normal mice and was higher than that seen in TG- mice 4 weeks after TAC (p = 0.02), despite similar and substantial cardiac hypertrophy. In addition to higher LV peak +dP/dt in vivo, cardiac myocytes from C1C2 mice showed shorter time-to-peak Ca2+ transient amplitude (p = 0.002) and a reduced time constant of cytosolic Ca2+ decline (Tau; p = 0.003). Sarcomere shortening fraction (p < 0.03) and the rate of sarcomere shortening (p < 0.02) increased in C1C2 cardiac myocytes. Myofilament sensitivity to Ca2+ was increased in systole (p = 0.02) and diastole (p = 0.04) in C1C2 myocytes. These findings indicate enhanced Ca2+ handling associated with C1C2 expression. Favorable effects on Ca2+ handling and LV function were associated with increased LV SERCA2a protein content (p = 0.015) and reduced LV fibrosis (p = 0.008). Cardiac-directed C1C2 expression improves Ca2+ handling and increases LV contractile function in pressure overload. These data provide a rationale for further exploration of C1C2 gene transfer as a potential treatment for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tan
- 1 Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, and University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Dimosthenis Giamouridis
- 1 Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, and University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - N Chin Lai
- 1 Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, and University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Young Chul Kim
- 1 Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, and University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Tracy Guo
- 1 Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, and University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Bing Xia
- 1 Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, and University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Mei Hua Gao
- 1 Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, and University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - H Kirk Hammond
- 1 Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, and University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
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23
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Romero-Calvo I, Ocón B, Gámez-Belmonte R, Hernández-Chirlaque C, de Jonge HR, Bijvelds MJ, Martínez-Augustin O, Sánchez de Medina F. Adenylyl cyclase 6 is involved in the hyposecretory status of experimental colitis. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:1705-1717. [PMID: 30094477 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the cardinal symptoms of intestinal inflammation is diarrhea. Acute intestinal inflammation is associated with inhibition of ion absorption and increased secretion, along with fluid leakage due to epithelial injury and changes in permeability. However, in the chronic situation, a downregulation of both absorptive and secretory transport has been reported. We investigated how experimental colitis reduces cAMP levels in intestinal epithelial cells through modulation of adenylyl cyclases (AC). Primary colonic epithelial cells obtained from rats with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid colitis and non-colitic controls were analyzed for AC expression by RT-qPCR and Western blot, following a preliminary microarray analysis. AC6 and AC5 were found to be expressed in colonocytes, and downregulated by inflammation, with the former exhibiting considerably higher mRNA levels in both cases. To test the hypothesis that inflammatory cytokines may account for this effect, Caco 2 cells were treated with IL-1β, TNF-α, or IFN-γ. All three cytokines inhibited forskolin evoked short-circuit currents in Ussing chambers and lowered intracellular cAMP, but failed to alter AC6 mRNA levels. AC5/AC6 expression was however inhibited in mouse jejunal organoids treated with IFN-γ and TNF-α, but not IL-1β. Gene knockdown of AC6 resulted in a significant decrease of ion secretion in T84 cells. We conclude that the disturbances in ion secretion observed in rat TNBS colitis are associated with low intracellular levels of cAMP in the epithelium, which may be explained in part by the downregulation of AC5/AC6 expression by proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Romero-Calvo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Borja Ocón
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Reyes Gámez-Belmonte
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernández-Chirlaque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Hugo R de Jonge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel J Bijvelds
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Martínez-Augustin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Fermín Sánchez de Medina
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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24
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Bhogal NK, Hasan A, Gorelik J. The Development of Compartmentation of cAMP Signaling in Cardiomyocytes: The Role of T-Tubules and Caveolae Microdomains. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:jcdd5020025. [PMID: 29751502 PMCID: PMC6023514 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
3′-5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a signaling messenger produced in response to the stimulation of cellular receptors, and has a myriad of functional applications depending on the cell type. In the heart, cAMP is responsible for regulating the contraction rate and force; however, cAMP is also involved in multiple other functions. Compartmentation of cAMP production may explain the specificity of signaling following a stimulus. In particular, transverse tubules (T-tubules) and caveolae have been found to be critical structural components for the spatial confinement of cAMP in cardiomyocytes, as exemplified by beta-adrenergic receptor (β-ARs) signaling. Pathological alterations in cardiomyocyte microdomain architecture led to a disruption in compartmentation of the cAMP signal. In this review, we discuss the difference between atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes in respect to microdomain organization, and the pathological changes of atrial and ventricular cAMP signaling in response to myocyte dedifferentiation. In addition, we review the role of localized phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity in constraining the cAMP signal. Finally, we discuss microdomain biogenesis and maturation of cAMP signaling with the help of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). Understanding these mechanisms may help to overcome the detrimental effects of pathological structural remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet K Bhogal
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Alveera Hasan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Julia Gorelik
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
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25
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Function of Adenylyl Cyclase in Heart: the AKAP Connection. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:jcdd5010002. [PMID: 29367580 PMCID: PMC5872350 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), synthesized by adenylyl cyclase (AC), is a universal second messenger that regulates various aspects of cardiac physiology from contraction rate to the initiation of cardioprotective stress response pathways. Local pools of cAMP are maintained by macromolecular complexes formed by A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). AKAPs facilitate control by bringing together regulators of the cAMP pathway including G-protein-coupled receptors, ACs, and downstream effectors of cAMP to finely tune signaling. This review will summarize the distinct roles of AC isoforms in cardiac function and how interactions with AKAPs facilitate AC function, highlighting newly appreciated roles for lesser abundant AC isoforms.
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26
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Wu YS, Chen CC, Chien CL, Lai HL, Jiang ST, Chen YC, Lai LP, Hsiao WF, Chen WP, Chern Y. The type VI adenylyl cyclase protects cardiomyocytes from β-adrenergic stress by a PKA/STAT3-dependent pathway. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:68. [PMID: 28870220 PMCID: PMC5584049 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The type VI adenylyl cyclase (AC6) is a main contributor of cAMP production in the heart. The amino acid (aa) sequence of AC6 is highly homologous to that of another major cardiac adenylyl cyclase, AC5, except for its N-terminus (AC6-N, aa 1-86). Activation of AC6, rather than AC5, produces cardioprotective effects against heart failure, while the underlying mechanism remains to be unveiled. Using an AC6-null (AC6-/-) mouse and a knockin mouse with AC6-N deletion (AC6 ΔN/ΔN), we aimed to investigate the cardioprotective mechanism of AC6 in the heart. METHODS Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining were performed to determine the intracellular distribution of AC6, AC6-ΔN (a truncated AC6 lacking the first 86 amino acids), and STAT3 activation. Activities of AC6 and AC6-ΔN in the heart were assessed by cAMP assay. Apoptosis of cardiomyocytes were evaluated by the TUNEL assay and a propidium iodine-based survival assay. Fibrosis was examined by collagen staining. RESULTS Immunofluorescence staining revealed that cardiac AC6 was mainly anchored on the sarcolemmal membranes, while AC6-ΔN was redistributed to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. AC6ΔN/ΔN and AC6-/- mice had more apoptotic myocytes and cardiac remodeling than WT mice in experimental models of isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial injury. Adult cardiomyocytes isolated from AC6ΔN/ΔN or AC6-/- mice survived poorly after exposure to ISO, which produced no effect on WT cardiomyocytes under the condition tested. Importantly, ISO treatment induced cardiac STAT3 phosphorylation/activation in WT mice, but not in AC6ΔN/ΔN and AC6-/- mice. Pharmacological blockage of PKA-, Src-, or STAT3- pathway markedly reduced the survival of WT myocytes in the presence of ISO, but did not affect those of AC6ΔN/ΔN and AC6-/- myocytes, suggesting an important role of AC6 in mediating cardioprotective action through the activation of PKA-Src-STAT3-signaling. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, AC6-N controls the anchorage of cardiac AC6 on the sarcolemmal membrane, which enables the coupling of AC6 with the pro-survival PKA-STAT3 pathway. Our findings may facilitate the development of novel therapies for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shuo Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Li Chien
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Lin Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Si-Tse Jiang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Cyuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Ping Lai
- Institute of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Hsiao
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Pin Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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27
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Gao MH, Lai NC, Giamouridis D, Kim YC, Guo T, Hammond HK. Cardiac-directed expression of a catalytically inactive adenylyl cyclase 6 protects the heart from sustained β-adrenergic stimulation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181282. [PMID: 28767701 PMCID: PMC5540275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Increased expression of adenylyl cyclase type 6 (AC6) has beneficial effects on the heart through cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent and cAMP-independent pathways. We previously generated a catalytically inactive mutant of AC6 (AC6mut) that has an attenuated response to β-adrenergic receptor stimulation, and, consequently, exhibits reduced myocardial cAMP generation. In the current study we test the hypothesis that cardiac-directed expression of AC6mut would protect the heart from sustained β-adrenergic receptor stimulation, a condition frequently encountered in patients with heart failure. Methods and results AC6mut mice and transgene negative siblings received osmotic mini-pumps to provide continuous isoproterenol infusion for seven days. Isoproterenol infusion caused deleterious effects that were attenuated by cardiac-directed AC6mut expression. Both groups showed reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, but the reduction was less in AC6mut mice (p = 0.047). In addition, AC6mut mice showed superior left ventricular function, manifested by higher values for LV peak +dP/dt (p = 0.03), LV peak -dP/dt (p = 0.008), end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (p = 0.003) and cardiac output (p<0.03). LV samples of AC6mut mice had more sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) protein (p<0.01), which likely contributed to better LV function. AC6mut mice had lower rates of cardiac myocyte apoptosis (p = 0.016), reduced caspase 3/7 activity (p = 0.012) and increased B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) expression (p = 0.0001). Conclusion Mice with cardiac-directed AC6mut expression weathered the deleterious effects of continuous isoproterenol infusion better than control mice, indicating cardiac protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hua Gao
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, San Diego CA, United States of America
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, La Jolla CA, United States of America
| | - N. Chin Lai
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, San Diego CA, United States of America
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, La Jolla CA, United States of America
| | - Dimosthenis Giamouridis
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, San Diego CA, United States of America
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, La Jolla CA, United States of America
| | - Young Chul Kim
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, San Diego CA, United States of America
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, La Jolla CA, United States of America
| | - Tracy Guo
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, San Diego CA, United States of America
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, La Jolla CA, United States of America
| | - H. Kirk Hammond
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, San Diego CA, United States of America
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, La Jolla CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Hu W, Yu X, Liu Z, Sun Y, Chen X, Yang X, Li X, Lam WK, Duan Y, Cao X, Steller H, Liu K, Huang P. The complex of TRIP-Br1 and XIAP ubiquitinates and degrades multiple adenylyl cyclase isoforms. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28656888 PMCID: PMC5503512 DOI: 10.7554/elife.28021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) generate cAMP, a second messenger of utmost importance that regulates a vast array of biological processes in all kingdoms of life. However, almost nothing is known about how AC activity is regulated through protein degradation mediated by ubiquitination or other mechanisms. Here, we show that transcriptional regulator interacting with the PHD-bromodomain 1 (TRIP-Br1, Sertad1), a newly identified protein with poorly characterized functions, acts as an adaptor that bridges the interaction of multiple AC isoforms with X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), a RING-domain E3 ubiquitin ligase. XIAP ubiquitinates a highly conserved Lys residue in AC isoforms and thereby accelerates the endocytosis and degradation of multiple AC isoforms in human cell lines and mice. XIAP/TRIP-Br1-mediated degradation of ACs forms part of a negative-feedback loop that controls the homeostasis of cAMP signaling in mice. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism for degrading multiple AC isoforms and modulating the homeostasis of cAMP signaling. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.28021.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbao Hu
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaojie Yu
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengzhao Liu
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xibing Chen
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaofen Li
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Kwan Lam
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Duan
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hermann Steller
- Strang Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Kai Liu
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pingbo Huang
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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29
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Poulsen SB, Kristensen TB, Brooks HL, Kohan DE, Rieg T, Fenton RA. Role of adenylyl cyclase 6 in the development of lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e91042. [PMID: 28405619 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric patients treated with lithium (Li+) may develop nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). Although the etiology of Li+-induced NDI (Li-NDI) is poorly understood, it occurs partially due to reduced aquaporin-2 (AQP2) expression in the kidney collecting ducts. A mechanism postulated for this is that Li+ inhibits adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity, leading to decreased cAMP, reduced AQP2 abundance, and less membrane targeting. We hypothesized that Li-NDI would not develop in mice lacking AC6. Whole-body AC6 knockout (AC6-/-) mice and potentially novel connecting tubule/principal cell-specific AC6 knockout (AC6loxloxCre) mice had approximately 50% lower urine osmolality and doubled water intake under baseline conditions compared with controls. Dietary Li+ administration increased water intake and reduced urine osmolality in control, AC6-/-, and AC6loxloxCre mice. Consistent with AC6-/- mice, medullary AQP2 and pS256-AQP2 abundances were lower in AC6loxloxCre mice compared with controls under standard conditions, and levels were further reduced after Li+ administration. AC6loxloxCre and control mice had a similar increase in the numbers of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells in response to Li+. However, AC6loxloxCre mice had a higher number of H+-ATPase B1 subunit-positive cells under standard conditions and after Li+ administration. Collectively, AC6 has a minor role in Li-NDI development but may be important for determining the intercalated cell-to-principal cell ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Brandt Poulsen
- InterPrET Center, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Heddwen L Brooks
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Donald E Kohan
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Timo Rieg
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert A Fenton
- InterPrET Center, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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30
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Dessauer CW, Watts VJ, Ostrom RS, Conti M, Dove S, Seifert R. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CI. Structures and Small Molecule Modulators of Mammalian Adenylyl Cyclases. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 69:93-139. [PMID: 28255005 PMCID: PMC5394921 DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.013078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) generate the second messenger cAMP from ATP. Mammalian cells express nine transmembrane AC (mAC) isoforms (AC1-9) and a soluble AC (sAC, also referred to as AC10). This review will largely focus on mACs. mACs are activated by the G-protein Gαs and regulated by multiple mechanisms. mACs are differentially expressed in tissues and regulate numerous and diverse cell functions. mACs localize in distinct membrane compartments and form signaling complexes. sAC is activated by bicarbonate with physiologic roles first described in testis. Crystal structures of the catalytic core of a hybrid mAC and sAC are available. These structures provide detailed insights into the catalytic mechanism and constitute the basis for the development of isoform-selective activators and inhibitors. Although potent competitive and noncompetitive mAC inhibitors are available, it is challenging to obtain compounds with high isoform selectivity due to the conservation of the catalytic core. Accordingly, caution must be exerted with the interpretation of intact-cell studies. The development of isoform-selective activators, the plant diterpene forskolin being the starting compound, has been equally challenging. There is no known endogenous ligand for the forskolin binding site. Recently, development of selective sAC inhibitors was reported. An emerging field is the association of AC gene polymorphisms with human diseases. For example, mutations in the AC5 gene (ADCY5) cause hyperkinetic extrapyramidal motor disorders. Overall, in contrast to the guanylyl cyclase field, our understanding of the (patho)physiology of AC isoforms and the development of clinically useful drugs targeting ACs is still in its infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen W Dessauer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Val J Watts
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Rennolds S Ostrom
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Marco Conti
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Stefan Dove
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Roland Seifert
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
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Spirli C, Mariotti V, Villani A, Fabris L, Fiorotto R, Strazzabosco M. Adenylyl cyclase 5 links changes in calcium homeostasis to cAMP-dependent cyst growth in polycystic liver disease. J Hepatol 2017; 66:571-580. [PMID: 27826057 PMCID: PMC5316496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Genetic defects in polycystin-1 or -2 (PC1 or PC2) cause polycystic liver disease associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PLD-ADPKD). Progressive cyst growth is sustained by a cAMP-dependent Ras/ERK/HIFα pathway, leading to increased vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) signaling. In PC2-defective cholangiocytes, cAMP production in response to [Ca2+]ER depletion is increased, while store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), intracellular and endoplasmic reticulum [Ca2+]ER levels are reduced. We investigated whether the adenylyl cyclases, AC5 and AC6, which can be inhibited by Ca2+, are activated by the ER chaperone STIM1. This would result in cAMP/PKA-dependent Ras/ERK/HIFα pathway activation in PC2-defective cells, in response to [Ca2+]ER depletion. METHODS PC2/AC6 double conditional knockout (KO) mice were generated (Pkd2/AC6 KO) and compared to Pkd2 KO mice. The AC5 inhibitor SQ22,536 or AC5 siRNA were used in isolated cholangiocytes while the inhibitor was used in biliary organoid and animals; liver tissues were harvested for histochemical analysis. RESULTS When comparing Pkd2/AC6 KO to Pkd2 KO mice, no decrease in liver cyst size was found, and cellular cAMP after [Ca2+]ER depletion only decreased by 12%. Conversely, in PC2-defective cells, inhibition of AC5 significantly reduced cAMP production, pERK1/2 expression and VEGF-A secretion. AC5 inhibitors significantly reduced growth of biliary organoids derived from Pkd2 KO and Pkd2/AC6 KO mice. In vivo treatment with SQ22,536 significantly reduced liver cystic area and cell proliferation in PC2-defective mice. After [Ca2+]ER depletion in PC2-defective cells, STIM1 interacts with AC5 but not with Orai1, the Ca2+ channel that mediates SOCE. CONCLUSION [Ca2+]ER depletion in PC2-defective cells activates AC5 and results in stimulation of cAMP/ERK1-2 signaling, VEGF production and cyst growth. This mechanism may represent a novel therapeutic target. LAY SUMMARY Polycystic liver diseases are characterized by progressive cyst growth until their complications mandate surgery or liver transplantation. In this manuscript, we demonstrate that inhibiting cell proliferation, which is induced by increased levels of cAMP, may represent a novel therapeutic target to slow the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Spirli
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Valeria Mariotti
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,Section of Digestive Diseases, International Center for Digestive Health, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Ambra Villani
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Romina Fiorotto
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mario Strazzabosco
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Section of Digestive Diseases, International Center for Digestive Health, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
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Gao MH, Lai NC, Giamouridis D, Kim YC, Tan Z, Guo T, Dillmann WH, Suarez J, Hammond HK. Cardiac-Directed Expression of Adenylyl Cyclase Catalytic Domain Reverses Cardiac Dysfunction Caused by Sustained Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 1:617-629. [PMID: 28670631 PMCID: PMC5490496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac-targeted expression of C1C2 reduces cAMP production yet mice maintain normal cardiac function through increased Ca2+ handling. Sustained isoproterenol infusion reduces heart function in normal mice, but improves heart function in mice with increased cardiac C1C2 expression. Reduced cardiac cAMP generation and resistance to catecholamine cardiomyopathy are attractive features of this potential heart failure therapeutic. Removing the large transmembrane domains of AC6 and fusing the two intracellular domains provides a small molecule, C1C2, that replicates many of the beneficial effects of AC6, but is sufficiently small to be expressed in an AAV vector for gene transfer.
Transgenic mice with cardiac-directed C1C2, a fusion protein of the intracellular C1 and C2 segments of adenylyl cyclase type 6, had normal left ventricular (LV) function, but diminished cAMP generation. Cardiac myocytes from C1C2 mice showed increased Ca2+ release. Mice underwent continuous isoproterenol infusion to stress the heart. In C1C2 mice, sustained isoproterenol infusion increased rather than decreased LV function. LV SERCA2a and Ca2+ release were increased. Reduced cAMP generation and resistance to catecholamine cardiomyopathy are attractive features of this potential heart failure therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hua Gao
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
| | - N Chin Lai
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
| | - Dimosthenis Giamouridis
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
| | - Young Chul Kim
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
| | - Zhen Tan
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
| | - Tracy Guo
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
| | - Wolfgang H Dillmann
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
| | - Jorge Suarez
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
| | - H Kirk Hammond
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
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The E, Du P, Chang Y, Dai F, Wei C, Li J. Role of HSF1-upregulated AC6 in ameliorating heart failure in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 47:79-85. [PMID: 27643574 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our previous studies discovered that Heat shock factor 1(HSF1) can alleviate pressure overload induced heart failure in mice. However, its molecular mechanisms are yet to be further explained. Many studies have already verified that Adenylyl Cyclase 6 (AC6) can ameliorate heart failure, but it is still unknown whether or not the pathway HSF1 is involved in the process. Our preliminary experiment showed that the expression level of AC6 is positively associated with HSF1. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to explore whether HSF1 can play its role in ameliorating heart failure by regulating AC6, and how the potential internal mechanisms work. METHODS We applied the Transverse Aortic Constriction (TAC) for 4 weeks to develop the C57BL/6 mice pressure overload induced heart failure model. First, the mice were divided into TAC group and SHAM group. Changes in the cardiac function and morphology of the mice were observed by an ultrasonic device and Masson staining slices, expressions of AC6 mRNA were observed by RT-QPCR, expressions of HSF1 and proteinkinase A (PKA) were examined by Western Blotting, and the levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) from aortic blood were measured by ELISA. Second, the TAC group were further divided into subgroups of HSF1 transgene mice, HSF1 knockout mice and wild type mice, followed by the aforesaid observations. RESULTS In the SHAM group, no obvious variations of cardiac function, AC6 mRNAHSF1, PKA, cAMP and other test results were found among each of the subgroups. Compared to the SHAM group, the TAC group presented clearly weakened heart functions, while, expressions of AC6 mRNA, HSF1, PKA and cAMP all recorded obvious increases. In the TAC group, compared to the WT subgroup, the HSF1 KO subgroup presented decreases in expressions of AC6 mRNA, HSF1, PKA and cAMP, and at the same time, the heart functions were weaker, while, the HSF1 TG subgroup recorded the contrary results. CONCLUSION In the pressure overload heart failure model, HSF1 can ameliorate heart failure by positively regulating the pathway of AC6/cAMP/PKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlinda The
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Peizhao Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yaowei Chang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Fangjie Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Chunyan Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jiming Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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Bravo CA, Vatner DE, Vatner SF. Response to Letter to the Editor on "Does Vidarabine Mediate Cardioprotection via Inhibition of AC5?". J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 358:244-5. [PMID: 27402380 PMCID: PMC6047221 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.234807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio A Bravo
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Dorothy E Vatner
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Stephen F Vatner
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
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Nakano SJ, Sucharov J, van Dusen R, Cecil M, Nunley K, Wickers S, Karimpur-Fard A, Stauffer BL, Miyamoto SD, Sucharov CC. Cardiac Adenylyl Cyclase and Phosphodiesterase Expression Profiles Vary by Age, Disease, and Chronic Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Treatment. J Card Fail 2016; 23:72-80. [PMID: 27427220 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2016.07.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric heart failure (HF) patients have a suboptimal response to traditional HF medications, although phosphodiesterase-3 inhibition (PDE3i) has been used with greater success than in the adult HF population. We hypothesized that molecular alterations specific to children with HF and HF etiology may affect response to treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS Adenylyl cyclase (AC) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoforms were quantified by means of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in explanted myocardium from adults with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), children with DCM, and children with single-ventricle congenital heart disease of right ventricular morphology (SRV). AC and PDE expression profiles were uniquely regulated in each subject group and demonstratde distinct changes in response to chronic PDE3i. There was unique up-regulation of AC5 in adult DCM with PDE3i (fold change 2.415; P = .043), AC2 in pediatric DCM (fold change 2.396; P = .0067), and PDE1C in pediatric SRV (fold change 1.836; P = .032). Remarkably, PDE5A expression was consistently increased across all age and disease groups. CONCLUSIONS Unique regulation of AC and PDE isoforms supports a differential molecular adaptation to HF in children compared with adults, and may help identify mechanisms specific to the pathogenesis of pediatric HF. Greater understanding of these differences will help optimize medical therapies based on age and disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Nakano
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | | | | | - Karin Nunley
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | | | - Brian L Stauffer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado
| | - Shelley D Miyamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Carmen C Sucharov
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado.
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Boularan C, Gales C. Cardiac cAMP: production, hydrolysis, modulation and detection. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:203. [PMID: 26483685 PMCID: PMC4589651 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) modulates a broad range of biological processes including the regulation of cardiac myocyte contractile function where it constitutes the main second messenger for β-adrenergic receptors' signaling to fulfill positive chronotropic, inotropic and lusitropic effects. A growing number of studies pinpoint the role of spatial organization of the cAMP signaling as an essential mechanism to regulate cAMP outcomes in cardiac physiology. Here, we will briefly discuss the complexity of cAMP synthesis and degradation in the cardiac context, describe the way to detect it and review the main pharmacological arsenal to modulate its availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Boularan
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1048, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Gales
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1048, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France
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Heinick A, Husser X, Himmler K, Kirchhefer U, Nunes F, Schulte JS, Seidl MD, Rolfes C, Dedman JR, Kaetzel MA, Gerke V, Schmitz W, Müller FU. Annexin A4 is a novel direct regulator of adenylyl cyclase type 5. FASEB J 2015; 29:3773-87. [PMID: 26023182 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-269837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Annexin A4 (AnxA4), a Ca(2+)- and phospholipid-binding protein, is up-regulated in the human failing heart. In this study, we examined the impact of AnxA4 on β-adrenoceptor (β-AR)/cAMP-dependent signal transduction. Expression of murine AnxA4 in human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 cells dose-dependently inhibited cAMP levels after direct stimulation of adenylyl cyclases (ACs) with forskolin (FSK), as determined with an exchange protein activated by cAMP-Förster resonance energy transfer (EPAC-FRET) sensor and an ELISA (control vs. +AnxA4: 1956 ± 162 vs. 1304 ± 185 fmol/µg protein; n = 8). Disruption of the anxA4 gene led to a consistent increase in intracellular cAMP levels in isolated adult mouse cardiomyocytes, with heart-directed expression of the EPAC-FRET sensor, stimulated with FSK, and as determined by ELISA, also in mouse cardiomyocytes stimulated with the β-AR agonist isoproterenol (ISO) (anxA4a(+/+) vs. anxA4a(-/-): 5.1 ± 0.3 vs. 6.7 ± 0.6 fmol/µg protein) or FSK (anxA4a(+/+) vs. anxA4a(-/-): 1891 ± 238 vs. 2796 ± 343 fmol/µg protein; n = 9-10). Coimmunoprecipitation experiments in HEK293 cells revealed a direct interaction of murine AnxA4 with human membrane-bound AC type 5 (AC5). As a functional consequence of AnxA4-mediated AC inhibition, AnxA4 inhibited the FSK-induced transcriptional activation mediated by the cAMP response element (CRE) in reporter gene studies (10-fold vs. control; n = 4 transfections) and reduced the FSK-induced phosphorylation of the CRE-binding protein (CREB) measured on Western blots (control vs. +AnxA4: 150 ± 17% vs. 105 ± 10%; n = 6) and by the use of the indicator of CREB activation caused by phosphorylation (ICAP)-FRET sensor, indicating CREB phosphorylation. Inactivation of AnxA4 in anxA4a(-/-) mice was associated with an increased cardiac response to β-AR stimulation. Together, these results suggest that AnxA4 is a novel direct negative regulator of AC5, adding a new facet to the functions of annexins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Heinick
- *Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; and Department of Genome Science, University of Cincinnati Genome Research Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Xenia Husser
- *Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; and Department of Genome Science, University of Cincinnati Genome Research Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kirsten Himmler
- *Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; and Department of Genome Science, University of Cincinnati Genome Research Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Uwe Kirchhefer
- *Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; and Department of Genome Science, University of Cincinnati Genome Research Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Frank Nunes
- *Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; and Department of Genome Science, University of Cincinnati Genome Research Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jan S Schulte
- *Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; and Department of Genome Science, University of Cincinnati Genome Research Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthias D Seidl
- *Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; and Department of Genome Science, University of Cincinnati Genome Research Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Christina Rolfes
- *Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; and Department of Genome Science, University of Cincinnati Genome Research Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - John R Dedman
- *Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; and Department of Genome Science, University of Cincinnati Genome Research Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Marcia A Kaetzel
- *Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; and Department of Genome Science, University of Cincinnati Genome Research Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Volker Gerke
- *Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; and Department of Genome Science, University of Cincinnati Genome Research Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Wilhelm Schmitz
- *Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; and Department of Genome Science, University of Cincinnati Genome Research Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Frank U Müller
- *Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, and Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; and Department of Genome Science, University of Cincinnati Genome Research Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase type 5 increases longevity and healthful aging through oxidative stress protection. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:250310. [PMID: 25945149 PMCID: PMC4405291 DOI: 10.1155/2015/250310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mice with disruption of adenylyl cyclase type 5 (AC5 knockout, KO) live a third longer than littermates. The mechanism, in part, involves the MEK/ERK pathway, which in turn is related to protection against oxidative stress. The AC5 KO model also protects against diabetes, obesity, and the cardiomyopathy induced by aging, diabetes, and cardiac stress and also demonstrates improved exercise capacity. All of these salutary features are also mediated, in part, by oxidative stress protection. For example, chronic beta adrenergic receptor stimulation induced cardiomyopathy was rescued by AC5 KO. Conversely, in AC5 transgenic (Tg) mice, where AC5 is overexpressed in the heart, the cardiomyopathy was exacerbated and was rescued by enhancing oxidative stress resistance. Thus, the AC5 KO model, which resists oxidative stress, is uniquely designed for clinical translation, since it not only increases longevity and exercise, but also protects against diabetes, obesity, and cardiomyopathy. Importantly, inhibition of AC5's action to prolong longevity and enhance healthful aging, as well as its mechanism through resistance to oxidative stress, is unique among all of the nine AC isoforms.
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Kamide T, Okumura S, Ghosh S, Shinoda Y, Mototani Y, Ohnuki Y, Jin H, Cai W, Suita K, Sato I, Umemura M, Fujita T, Yokoyama U, Sato M, Furutani K, Kitano H, Ishikawa Y. Oscillation of cAMP and Ca(2+) in cardiac myocytes: a systems biology approach. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:195-200. [PMID: 25585963 PMCID: PMC10717207 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-014-0354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and Ca(2+) levels may oscillate in harmony within excitable cells; a mathematical oscillation loop model, the Cooper model, of these oscillations was developed two decades ago. However, in that model all adenylyl cyclase (AC) isoforms were assumed to be inhibited by Ca(2+), and it is now known that the heart expresses multiple AC isoforms, among which the type 5/6 isoforms are Ca(2+)-inhibitable whereas the other five (AC2, 3, 4, 7, and 9) are not. We used a computational systems biology approach with CellDesigner simulation software to develop a comprehensive graphical map and oscillation loop model for cAMP and Ca(2+). This model indicated that Ca(2+)-mediated inhibition of AC is essential to create oscillations of Ca(2+) and cAMP, and the oscillations were not altered by incorporation of phosphodiesterase-mediated cAMP hydrolysis or PKA-mediated inhibition of AC into the model. More importantly, they were created but faded out immediately in the co-presence of Ca(2+)-noninhibitable AC isoforms. Because the subcellular locations of AC isoforms are different, spontaneous cAMP and Ca(2+) oscillations may occur within microdomains containing only Ca(2+)-inhibitable isoforms in cardiac myocytes, which might be necessary for fine tuning of excitation-contraction coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehisa Kamide
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Satoshi Okumura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-2 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501 Japan
| | - Samik Ghosh
- The Systems Biology Institute, Minato, Tokyo, 108-0071 Japan
| | - Yoko Shinoda
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-2 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501 Japan
| | - Yasumasa Mototani
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-2 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ohnuki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-2 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501 Japan
| | - Huiling Jin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Wenqian Cai
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Kenji Suita
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Itaru Sato
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Masanari Umemura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Takayuki Fujita
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Utako Yokoyama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Motohiko Sato
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195 Japan
| | - Kazuharu Furutani
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
- Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kitano
- The Systems Biology Institute, Minato, Tokyo, 108-0071 Japan
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate School, Onna-Son, Okinawa, 904-0412 Japan
- Laboratory for Disease Systems Modeling, Riken Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
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Coupling of β1-adrenergic receptor to type 5 adenylyl cyclase and its physiological relevance in cardiac myocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:531-535. [PMID: 25677623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) β1- and β2-subtypes are highly homologous, but play opposite roles in cardiac apoptosis and heart failure, as do cardiac adenylyl cyclase (AC) subtypes 5 (AC5) and 6 (AC6): β1-AR and AC5 promote cardiac remodeling, while β2-AR and AC6 activate cell survival pathways. However, the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that AC5 is coupled preferentially to β1-AR rather than β2-AR, and we examined this idea by means of pharmacological and genetic approaches. We found that selective inhibition of AC5 with 2'5'-dideoxyadenosine significantly suppressed cAMP accumulation and cardiac apoptosis induced by selective β1-AR stimulation, but had no effect on cAMP accumulation and cardiac apoptosis in response to selective β2-AR stimulation. The results of selective stimulation of β1-AR and β2-AR in neonatal cardiac myocytes prepared from wild-type and AC5-knockout mice were also consistent with the idea that β1-AR selectively couples with AC5. We believe these results are helpful for understanding the mechanisms underlying the different roles of AR subtypes in healthy and diseased hearts.
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Fenton RA, Murray F, Dominguez Rieg JA, Tang T, Levi M, Rieg T. Renal phosphate wasting in the absence of adenylyl cyclase 6. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:2822-34. [PMID: 24854272 PMCID: PMC4243352 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013101102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) enhance phosphate excretion by the proximal tubule of the kidney by retrieval of the sodium-dependent phosphate transporters (Npt2a and Npt2c) from the apical plasma membrane. PTH activates adenylyl cyclase (AC) through PTH 1 receptors and stimulates the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. However, the precise role and isoform(s) of AC in phosphate homeostasis are not known. We report here that mice lacking AC6 (AC6(-/-)) have increased plasma PTH and FGF-23 levels compared with wild-type (WT) mice but comparable plasma phosphate concentrations. Acute activation of the calcium-sensing receptor or feeding a zero phosphate diet almost completely suppressed plasma PTH levels in both AC6(-/-) and WT mice, indicating a secondary cause for hyperparathyroidism. Pharmacologic blockade of FGF receptors resulted in a comparable increase in plasma phosphate between genotypes, whereas urinary phosphate remained significantly higher in AC6(-/-) mice. Compared with WT mice, AC6(-/-) mice had reduced renal Npt2a and Npt2c protein abundance, with approximately 80% of Npt2a residing in lysosomes. WT mice responded to exogenous PTH with redistribution of Npt2a from proximal tubule microvilli to intracellular compartments and lysosomes alongside a PTH-induced dose-response relationship for fractional phosphate excretion and urinary cAMP excretion. These responses were absent in AC6(-/-) mice. In conclusion, AC6 in the proximal tubule modulates cAMP formation, Npt2a trafficking, and urinary phosphate excretion, which are highlighted by renal phosphate wasting in AC6(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Fenton
- Interactions of Proteins in Epithelial Transport Center, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Fiona Murray
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Tong Tang
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; and
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Timo Rieg
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; and
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Birrell MA, Bonvini SJ, Wortley MA, Buckley J, Yew-Booth L, Maher SA, Dale N, Dubuis ED, Belvisi MG. The role of adenylyl cyclase isoform 6 in β-adrenoceptor signalling in murine airways. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:131-41. [PMID: 25205328 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adenylyl cyclase (AC) is a key signalling enzyme for many GPCRs and catalyses the conversion of ATP to cAMP which, in turn, is a crucial determinant of many biological responses. β-Adrenoceptor agonists are prescribed as bronchodilators for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and it is commonly assumed that they elicit their actions via AC-dependent production of cAMP. However, empirical evidence in support of this is lacking and the exact mechanism by which these drugs acts remains elusive. This is partly due to the existence of at least 10 different isoforms of AC and the absence of any truly selective pharmacological inhibitors. Here, we have used genetically modified mice and model systems to establish the role of AC isoforms in the airway responses to β-adrenoceptor agonists. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Receptors mediating responses to β-adrenoceptor agonists in airway smooth muscle (ASM) and sensory nerve were identified in isolated tissue systems. Expression of mRNA for the AC isoforms in ASM and neurones was determined by qPCR. Functional responses were assessed in AC isoform KO mice and wild-type controls. KEY RESULTS Airway and vagal tissue expressed mRNA for various isoforms of AC. AC6 was the most prominent isoform. Responses to β-adrenoceptor agonists in tissues from AC6 KO mice were virtually abolished. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS AC6 played a critical role in relaxation of ASM to β1 -adrenoceptor agonists and in modulation of sensory nerves by β1-3 -adrenoceptor agonists. These results further unravel the signalling pathway of this extensively prescribed class of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Birrell
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC-Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
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Tang H, Chen J, Fraidenburg DR, Song S, Sysol JR, Drennan AR, Offermanns S, Ye RD, Bonini MG, Minshall RD, Garcia JGN, Machado RF, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Deficiency of Akt1, but not Akt2, attenuates the development of pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 308:L208-20. [PMID: 25416384 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00242.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary vascular remodeling, mainly attributable to enhanced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, is a major cause for elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure in patients with pulmonary hypertension. The signaling cascade through Akt, comprised of three isoforms (Akt1-3) with distinct but overlapping functions, is involved in regulating cell proliferation and migration. This study aims to investigate whether the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and particularly which Akt isoform, contributes to the development and progression of pulmonary vascular remodeling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH). Compared with the wild-type littermates, Akt1(-/-) mice were protected against the development and progression of chronic HPH, whereas Akt2(-/-) mice did not demonstrate any significant protection against the development of HPH. Furthermore, pulmonary vascular remodeling was significantly attenuated in the Akt1(-/-) mice, with no significant effect noted in the Akt2(-/-) mice after chronic exposure to normobaric hypoxia (10% O2). Overexpression of the upstream repressor of Akt signaling, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), and conditional and inducible knockout of mTOR in smooth muscle cells were also shown to attenuate the rise in right ventricular systolic pressure and the development of right ventricular hypertrophy. In conclusion, Akt isoforms appear to have a unique function within the pulmonary vasculature, with the Akt1 isoform having a dominant role in pulmonary vascular remodeling associated with HPH. The PTEN/Akt1/mTOR signaling pathway will continue to be a critical area of study in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension, and specific Akt isoforms may help specify therapeutic targets for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Tang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jiwang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dustin R Fraidenburg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shanshan Song
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Justin R Sysol
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Abigail R Drennan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Richard D Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Marcelo G Bonini
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Roberto F Machado
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ayako Makino
- Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
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Cyclic AMP synthesis and hydrolysis in the normal and failing heart. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:1163-75. [PMID: 24756197 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1515-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP regulates a multitude of cellular responses and orchestrates a network of intracellular events. In the heart, cAMP is the main second messenger of the β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) pathway producing positive chronotropic, inotropic, and lusitropic effects during sympathetic stimulation. Whereas short-term stimulation of β-AR/cAMP is beneficial for the heart, chronic activation of this pathway triggers pathological cardiac remodeling, which may ultimately lead to heart failure (HF). Cyclic AMP is controlled by two families of enzymes with opposite actions: adenylyl cyclases, which control cAMP production and phosphodiesterases, which control its degradation. The large number of families and isoforms of these enzymes, their different localization within the cell, and their organization in macromolecular complexes leads to a high level of compartmentation, both in space and time, of cAMP signaling in cardiac myocytes. Here, we review the expression level, molecular characteristics, functional properties, and roles of the different adenylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase families expressed in heart muscle and the changes that occur in cardiac hypertrophy and failure.
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45
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Bondarenko VE. A compartmentalized mathematical model of the β1-adrenergic signaling system in mouse ventricular myocytes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89113. [PMID: 24586529 PMCID: PMC3931689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The β1-adrenergic signaling system plays an important role in the functioning of cardiac cells. Experimental data shows that the activation of this system produces inotropy, lusitropy, and chronotropy in the heart, such as increased magnitude and relaxation rates of [Ca2+]i transients and contraction force, and increased heart rhythm. However, excessive stimulation of β1-adrenergic receptors leads to heart dysfunction and heart failure. In this paper, a comprehensive, experimentally based mathematical model of the β1-adrenergic signaling system for mouse ventricular myocytes is developed, which includes major subcellular functional compartments (caveolae, extracaveolae, and cytosol). The model describes biochemical reactions that occur during stimulation of β1-adrenoceptors, changes in ionic currents, and modifications of Ca2+ handling system. Simulations describe the dynamics of major signaling molecules, such as cyclic AMP and protein kinase A, in different subcellular compartments; the effects of inhibition of phosphodiesterases on cAMP production; kinetics and magnitudes of phosphorylation of ion channels, transporters, and Ca2+ handling proteins; modifications of action potential shape and duration; magnitudes and relaxation rates of [Ca2+]i transients; changes in intracellular and transmembrane Ca2+ fluxes; and [Na+]i fluxes and dynamics. The model elucidates complex interactions of ionic currents upon activation of β1-adrenoceptors at different stimulation frequencies, which ultimately lead to a relatively modest increase in action potential duration and significant increase in [Ca2+]i transients. In particular, the model includes two subpopulations of the L-type Ca2+ channels, in caveolae and extracaveolae compartments, and their effects on the action potential and [Ca2+]i transients are investigated. The presented model can be used by researchers for the interpretation of experimental data and for the developments of mathematical models for other species or for pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir E. Bondarenko
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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46
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Sabbatini ME, Gorelick F, Glaser S. Adenylyl cyclases in the digestive system. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1173-81. [PMID: 24521753 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) are a group of widely distributed enzymes whose functions are very diverse. There are nine known transmembrane AC isoforms activated by Gαs. Each has its own pattern of expression in the digestive system and differential regulation of function by Ca(2+) and other intracellular signals. In addition to the transmembrane isoforms, one AC is soluble and exhibits distinct regulation. In this review, the basic structure, regulation and physiological roles of ACs in the digestive system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fred Gorelick
- Department of Cell Biology and Medicine, Yale University, United States; VA CT, United States
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White-Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, United States
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Maiellaro I, Lefkimmiatis K, Moyer MP, Curci S, Hofer AM. Termination and activation of store-operated cyclic AMP production. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 16:2715-25. [PMID: 22681560 PMCID: PMC3470754 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01592.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse pathophysiological processes (e.g. obesity, lifespan determination, addiction and male fertility) have been linked to the expression of specific isoforms of the adenylyl cyclases (AC1-AC10), the enzymes that generate cyclic AMP (cAMP). Our laboratory recently discovered a new mode of cAMP production, prominent in certain cell types, that is stimulated by any manoeuvre causing reduction of free [Ca2+] within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium store. Activation of this ‘store-operated’ pathway requires the ER Ca2+ sensor, STIM1, but the identity of the enzymes responsible for cAMP production and how this process is regulated is unknown. Here, we used sensitive FRET-based sensors for cAMP in single cells combined with silencing and overexpression approaches to show that store-operated cAMP production occurred preferentially via the isoform AC3 in NCM460 colonic epithelial cells. Ca2+ entry via the plasma membrane Ca2+ channel, Orai1, suppressed cAMP production, independent of store refilling. These findings are an important first step towards defining the functional significance and to identify the protein composition of this novel Ca2+/cAMP crosstalk system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Maiellaro
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA
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Lee KL, Hoey DA, Spasic M, Tang T, Hammond HK, Jacobs CR. Adenylyl cyclase 6 mediates loading-induced bone adaptation in vivo. FASEB J 2013; 28:1157-65. [PMID: 24277577 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-240432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia are single, nonmotile, antenna-like structures extending from the apical membrane of most mammalian cells. They may mediate mechanotransduction, the conversion of external mechanical stimuli into biochemical intracellular signals. Previously we demonstrated that adenylyl cyclase 6 (AC6), a membrane-bound enzyme enriched in primary cilia of MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells, may play a role in a primary cilium-dependent mechanism of osteocyte mechanotransduction in vitro. In this study, we determined whether AC6 deletion impairs loading-induced bone formation in vivo. Skeletally mature mice with a global knockout of AC6 exhibited normal bone morphology and responded to osteogenic chemical stimuli similar to wild-type mice. Following ulnar loading over 3 consecutive days, bone formation parameters were assessed using dynamic histomorphometry. Mice lacking AC6 formed significantly less bone than control animals (41% lower bone formation rate). Furthermore, there was an attenuated flow-induced increase in COX-2 mRNA expression levels in primary bone cells isolated from AC6 knockout mice compared to controls (1.3±0.1- vs. 2.6±0.2-fold increase). Collectively, these data indicate that AC6 plays a role in loading-induced bone adaptation, and these findings are consistent with our previous studies implicating primary cilia and AC6 in a novel mechanism of osteocyte mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Lee
- 1Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terr., 1210 Amsterdam Ave., Mail Code 8904, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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49
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Oikawa M, Wu M, Lim S, Knight WE, Miller CL, Cai Y, Lu Y, Blaxall BC, Takeishi Y, Abe JI, Yan C. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 3A1 protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 64:11-9. [PMID: 23988739 PMCID: PMC3869570 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) is a major regulator of cAMP in cardiomyocytes. PDE3 inhibitors are used for acute treatment of congestive heart failure, but are associated with increased incidence of arrhythmias and sudden death with long-term use. We previously reported that chronic PDE3A downregulation or inhibition induced myocyte apoptosis in vitro. However, the cardiac protective effect of PDE3A has not been demonstrated in vivo in disease models. In this study, we examined the role of PDE3A in regulating myocardial function and survival in vivo using genetically engineered transgenic mice with myocardial overexpression of the PDE3A1 isozyme (TG). TG mice have reduced cardiac function characterized by reduced heart rate and ejection fraction (52.5±7.8% vs. 83.9±4.7%) as well as compensatory expansion of left ventricular diameter (4.19±0.19mm vs. 3.10±0.18mm). However, there was no maladaptive increase of fibrosis and apoptosis in TG hearts compared to wild type (WT) hearts, and the survival rates also remained the same. The diminution of cardiac contractile function is very likely attributed to a decrease in beta-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) response in TG mice. Importantly, the myocardial infarct size (4.0±1.8% vs. 24.6±3.8%) and apoptotic cell number (1.3±1.0% vs. 5.6±1.5%) induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury were significantly attenuated in TG mice. This was associated with decreased expression of inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) and increased expression of anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2. To further verify the anti-apoptotic effects of PDE3A1, we performed in vitro apoptosis study in isolated adult TG and WT cardiomyocytes. We found that the apoptotic rates stimulated by hypoxia/reoxygenation or H2O2 were indeed significantly reduced in TG myocytes, and the differences between TG and WT myocytes were completely reversed in the presence of the PDE3 inhibitor milrinone. These together indicate that PDE3A1 negatively regulates β-AR signaling and protects against I/R injury by inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Oikawa
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Meiping Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Shanghai Hospital of TCM, Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Soyeon Lim
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Walter E. Knight
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Clint L. Miller
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yujun Cai
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yan Lu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Burns C. Blaxall
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yasuchika Takeishi
- Fukushima Medical University, Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima city, Fukushima prefecture, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Abe
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chen Yan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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50
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Gao MH, Lai NC, Tang T, Guo T, Tang R, Chun BJ, Wang H, Dalton NN, Suarez J, Dillmann WH, Hammond HK. Preserved cardiac function despite marked impairment of cAMP generation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72151. [PMID: 24147149 PMCID: PMC3797917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives So many clinical trials of positive inotropes have failed, that it is now axiomatic that agents that increase cAMP are deleterious to the failing heart. An alternative strategy is to alter myocardial Ca2+ handling or myofilament response to Ca2+ using agents that do not affect cAMP. Although left ventricular (LV) function is tightly linked to adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity, the beneficial effects of AC may be independent of cAMP and instead stem from effects on Ca2+ handling. Here we ask whether an AC mutant molecule that reduces LV cAMP production would have favorable effects on LV function through its effects on Ca2+ handling alone. Methods and Results We generated transgenic mice with cardiac-directed expression of an AC6 mutant (AC6mut). Cardiac myocytes showed impaired cAMP production in response to isoproterenol (74% reduction; p<0.001), but LV size and function were normal. Isolated hearts showed preserved LV function in response to isoproterenol stimulation. AC6mut expression was associated with increased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake and the EC50 for SERCA2a activation was reduced. Cardiac myocytes isolated from AC6mut mice showed increased amplitude of Ca2+ transients in response to isoproterenol (p = 0.0001). AC6mut expression also was associated with increased expression of LV S100A1 (p = 0.03) and reduced expression of phospholamban protein (p = 0.01). Conclusion LV AC mutant expression is associated with normal cardiac function despite impaired cAMP generation. The mechanism appears to be through effects on Ca2+ handling — effects that occur despite diminished cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hua Gao
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
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