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Liu H, Yi J, Zhang C, Li Y, Wang Q, Wang S, Dai S, Zheng Z, Jiang T, Gao P, Xue A, Huang Z, Kong F, Wang Y, He B, Guo X, Li Q, Chen J, Yin G, Zhao S. Macrophage GIT1 promotes oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and remyelination after spinal cord injury. Glia 2024; 72:1674-1692. [PMID: 38899731 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can result in severe motor and sensory deficits, for which currently no effective cure exists. The pathological process underlying this injury is extremely complex and involves many cell types in the central nervous system. In this study, we have uncovered a novel function for macrophage G protein-coupled receptor kinase-interactor 1 (GIT1) in promoting remyelination and functional repair after SCI. Using GIT1flox/flox Lyz2-Cre (GIT1 CKO) mice, we identified that GIT1 deficiency in macrophages led to an increased generation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), reduced proportion of mature oligodendrocytes (mOLs), impaired remyelination, and compromised functional recovery in vivo. These effects in GIT1 CKO mice were reversed with the administration of soluble TNF inhibitor. Moreover, bone marrow transplantation from GIT1 CWT mice reversed adverse outcomes in GIT1 CKO mice, further indicating the role of macrophage GIT1 in modulating spinal cord injury repair. Our in vitro experiments showed that macrophage GIT1 plays a critical role in secreting TNFα and influences the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) after stimulation with myelin debris. Collectively, our data uncovered a new role of macrophage GIT1 in regulating the transformation of OPCs into mOLs, essential for functional remyelination after SCI, suggesting that macrophage GIT1 could be a promising treatment target of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenyu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Siming Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyang Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ao Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenfei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanqi Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Baorong He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui-hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong Uinversity, School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoyong Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shujie Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Chen Y, Tai Z, Zhu C, Yu Q, Zhu Q, Chen Z. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A VEGFA Inhibition: An Effective Treatment Strategy for Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:59. [PMID: 38203230 PMCID: PMC10778864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease mediated by the immune system and characterized by an inflammatory ring, also known as an epithelial immune microenvironment (EIME). The interaction between the epithelial tissue of the skin and the immune system has a crucial role in the immune cycle of psoriasis. Although the formation of new blood vessels in skin lesions provides energy support for the proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes, the role of angiogenesis in psoriasis has not been extensively studied. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is a key regulator of angiogenesis that has an important role in the development of psoriasis. VEGFA promotes angiogenesis and directly stimulates epidermal keratinocytes and infiltrating immune cells, thus contributing to the progression of psoriasis. Measuring VEGFA levels to identify angiogenic characteristics in psoriasis patients may be a predictive biomarker for disease severity and response to anti-angiogenic therapy. Clinical data have shown that anti-angiogenic therapy can improve skin lesions in psoriasis patients. Therefore, this study aimed to uncover the underestimated role of blood vessels in psoriasis, explore the relationship between VEGFA and keratinocytes in the EIME, and inspire innovative drug therapies for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China; (Y.C.); (Z.T.); (C.Z.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China; (Y.C.); (Z.T.); (C.Z.); (Q.Y.)
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Cheng L, Zhou Z, Li Q, Li W, Li X, Li G, Fan J, Yu L, Yin G. Dendronized chitosan hydrogel with GIT1 to accelerate bone defect repair through increasing local neovascular amount. Bone Rep 2023; 19:101712. [PMID: 37744736 PMCID: PMC10511783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects have long been a major healthcare issue because of the difficulties in regenerating bone mass volume and the high cost of treatment. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 interacting protein 1 (GIT1) has been proven to play an important role both in vascular development and in bone fracture healing. In this study, a type of thermoresponsive injectable hydrogel from oligoethylene glycol-based dendronized chitosan (G1-CS) was loaded with GIT1-plasmids (G1-CS/GIT1), and used to fill unicortical bone defects. RT-PCR analysis confirmed that G1-CS/GIT1 enhanced DNA transfection in MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. From the results of micro-CT, RT-PCR and histological analysis, it can be concluded that G1-CS/GIT1 accelerated the bone healing rate and increased the amount of neovascularization around the bone defects. In addition, an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-GIT1 was constructed to transfect mesenchymal stem cells. The results of capillary tube formation assay, immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis proved that high expression of GIT1 induces mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into endothelial cells. RT-PCR analysis and capillary tube formation assay confirmed that the Notch signaling pathway was activated in the differentiation process. Overall, we developed an efficient strategy through combination of injectable hydrogel and G1T1 for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaihai West Road 99, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221000, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Zhimin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaihai West Road 99, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221000, China
| | - Gen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaihai West Road 99, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221000, China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Lipeng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Guoyong Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
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Yadunandanan Nair N, Samuel V, Ramesh L, Marib A, David DT, Sundararaman A. Actin cytoskeleton in angiogenesis. Biol Open 2022; 11:bio058899. [PMID: 36444960 PMCID: PMC9729668 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Actin, one of the most abundant intracellular proteins in mammalian cells, is a critical regulator of cell shape and polarity, migration, cell division, and transcriptional response. Angiogenesis, or the formation of new blood vessels in the body is a well-coordinated multi-step process. Endothelial cells lining the blood vessels acquire several new properties such as front-rear polarity, invasiveness, rapid proliferation and motility during angiogenesis. This is achieved by changes in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Actin remodelling underlies the switch between the quiescent and angiogenic state of the endothelium. Actin forms endothelium-specific structures that support uniquely endothelial functions. Actin regulators at endothelial cell-cell junctions maintain the integrity of the blood-tissue barrier while permitting trans-endothelial leukocyte migration. This review focuses on endothelial actin structures and less-recognised actin-mediated endothelial functions. Readers are referred to other recent reviews for the well-recognised roles of actin in endothelial motility, barrier functions and leukocyte transmigration. Actin generates forces that are transmitted to the extracellular matrix resulting in vascular matrix remodelling. In this review, we attempt to synthesize our current understanding of the roles of actin in vascular morphogenesis. We speculate on the vascular bed specific differences in endothelial actin regulation and its role in the vast heterogeneity in endothelial morphology and function across the various tissues of our body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Yadunandanan Nair
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India695014
| | - Victor Samuel
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India695014
| | - Lariza Ramesh
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India695014
| | - Areeba Marib
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India695014
| | - Deena T. David
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India695014
| | - Ananthalakshmy Sundararaman
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India695014
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5
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Fass DM, Lewis MC, Ahmad R, Szucs MJ, Zhang Q, Fleishman M, Wang D, Kim MJ, Biag J, Carr SA, Scolnick EM, Premont RT, Haggarty SJ. Brain-specific deletion of GIT1 impairs cognition and alters phosphorylation of synaptic protein networks implicated in schizophrenia susceptibility. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3272-3285. [PMID: 35505090 PMCID: PMC9630168 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite tremendous effort, the molecular and cellular basis of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia remain poorly understood. Recent progress in elucidating the genetic architecture of schizophrenia has highlighted the association of multiple loci and rare variants that may impact susceptibility. One key example, given their potential etiopathogenic and therapeutic relevance, is a set of genes that encode proteins that regulate excitatory glutamatergic synapses in brain. A critical next step is to delineate specifically how such genetic variation impacts synaptic plasticity and to determine if and how the encoded proteins interact biochemically with one another to control cognitive function in a convergent manner. Towards this goal, here we study the roles of GPCR-kinase interacting protein 1 (GIT1), a synaptic scaffolding and signaling protein with damaging coding variants found in schizophrenia patients, as well as copy number variants found in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. We generated conditional neural-selective GIT1 knockout mice and found that these mice have deficits in fear conditioning memory recall and spatial memory, as well as reduced cortical neuron dendritic spine density. Using global quantitative phospho-proteomics, we revealed that GIT1 deletion in brain perturbs specific networks of GIT1-interacting synaptic proteins. Importantly, several schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorder risk genes are present within these networks. We propose that GIT1 regulates the phosphorylation of a network of synaptic proteins and other critical regulators of neuroplasticity, and that perturbation of these networks may contribute specifically to cognitive deficits observed in schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Fass
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA,Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Michael C. Lewis
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA,Sage Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rushdy Ahmad
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA,Wyss Institute at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew J. Szucs
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Qiangge Zhang
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Morgan Fleishman
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dongqing Wang
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Myung Jong Kim
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA,Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jonathan Biag
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA,Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steven A. Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Edward M. Scolnick
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Richard T. Premont
- Harrington Discovery Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA,Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Zhu G, Lin Y, Ge T, Singh S, Liu H, Fan L, Wang S, Rhen J, Jiang D, Lyu Y, Yin Y, Li X, Benoit DSW, Li W, Xu Y, Pang J. A novel peptide inhibitor of Dll4-Notch1 signalling and its pro-angiogenic functions. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:1716-1731. [PMID: 34796471 PMCID: PMC9040338 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Dll4-Notch1 signalling pathway plays an important role in sprouting angiogenesis, vascular remodelling and arterial or venous specificity. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of Dll4-Notch1 signalling leads to excessive sprouting angiogenesis. However, transcriptional inhibitors of Dll4-Notch1 signalling have not been described. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We designed a new peptide targeting Notch signalling, referred to as TAT-ANK, and assessed its effects on angiogenesis. In vitro, tube formation and fibrin gel bead assay were carried out, using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In vivo, Matrigel plug angiogenesis assay, a developmental retinal model and tumour models in mice were used. The mechanisms underlying TAT-ANK activity were investigated by immunochemistry, western blotting, immunoprecipitation, RT-qPCR and luciferase reporter assays. KEY RESULTS The amino acid residues 179-191 in the G-protein-coupled receptor-kinase-interacting protein-1 (GIT1-ankyrin domain) are crucial for GIT1 binding to the Notch transcription repressor, RBP-J. We designed the peptide TAT-ANK, based on residues 179-191 in GIT1. TAT-ANK significantly inhibited Dll4 expression and Notch 1 activation in HUVECs by competing with activated Notch1 to bind to RBP-J. The analyses of biological functions showed that TAT-ANK promoted angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting Dll4-Notch1 signalling. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We synthesized and investigated the biological actions of TAT-ANK peptide, a new inhibitor of Notch signalling. This peptide will be of significant interest to research on Dll4-Notch1 signalling and to clinicians carrying out clinical trials using Notch signalling inhibitors. Furthermore, our findings will have important conceptual and therapeutic implications for angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute of Tongji University, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute of Tongji University, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tandi Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute of Tongji University, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shekhar Singh
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute of Tongji University, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute of Tongji University, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute of Tongji University, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shumin Wang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jordan Rhen
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Dongyang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute of Tongji University, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyan Lyu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute of Tongji University, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiheng Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute of Tongji University, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiankai Li
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute of Tongji University, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danielle S. W. Benoit
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, Materials Science Program, and Centers for Musculoskeletal Research and Oral Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute of Tongji University, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute of Tongji University, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjiang Pang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
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7
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Cárdenas-León CG, Klaas M, Mäemets-Allas K, Arak T, Eller M, Jaks V. Olfactomedin 4 regulates migration and proliferation of immortalized non-transformed keratinocytes through modulation of the cell cycle machinery and actin cytoskeleton remodelling. Exp Cell Res 2022; 415:113111. [PMID: 35337817 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4), a multifunctional matricellular protein, is involved in regulation of angiogenesis, innate immunity, inflammation, tumorigenesis and metastasis formation via modulation of important cellular processes like adhesion, proliferation, differentiation as well as apoptosis. In our previous work we demonstrated the upregulation of OLFM4 during liver regeneration and cutaneous wound healing. Here we studied the outcomes of OLFM4 downregulation in human immortalized keratinocytes - the HaCaT cells. The suppression of OLFM4 inhibited migration but enhanced the proliferation of these cells. By using proteomic, and phosphoproteomic analysis, we found that OLFM4 downregulation induced changes in the levels of 184 proteins and 348 phosphosites. An integrated pathway analysis suggested that the increased phosphorylation of CDK7 at Ser164 and Thr170 may serve as the key event in the activation of CDK2 and consequent activation of cell cycle progression. Furthermore, the decrease in GIT1 and WAVE2 protein levels were connected to the disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, reduction of lamellipodia formation at the leading edge of HaCaT cells, and decrease in their migration capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariliis Klaas
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristina Mäemets-Allas
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Terje Arak
- Tartu University Hospital, Surgery Clinic, Puusepa 8, 50406, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mart Eller
- Tartu University Hospital, Surgery Clinic, Puusepa 8, 50406, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Viljar Jaks
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia; Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia.
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8
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Xu R, Xu R, Wang Y, Wang W, Jiang L, Gong S. G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase-Interacting Protein 1 (GIT1) Promotes Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Metastases via Activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signal Pathway. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6881932. [PMID: 35116073 PMCID: PMC8807036 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6881932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE GIT1 is identified as a novel tumor oncogene in breast cancer. In this article, we aimed to explore the role of GIT1 in the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS GIT1 expression in HNSCC was detected by RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry assay, and Western blot. HNSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were examined by CCK-8 assay, Wound healing assay, and Transwell assay, respectively. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS In our study, GIT1 was notably upregulated in HNSCC tissues and cells. Moreover, GIT1 expression level had positive corelation with pathological grade and nodal status of HNSCC. Functional experiments showed that knockdown of GIT1 restrained HNSCC proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT and facilitated cell apoptosis. Furthermore, GIT1 knockdown was found to restrain HNSCC tumor growth and lung metastasis. Additionally, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway inhibitors suppressed the effect of GIT1 on HNSCC cell progression. CONCLUSION GIT1 was upregulated in HNSCC and facilitated HNSCC cell progression by inducing PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway. Therefore, we suggested that GIT1 might be a potential target for HNSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Xu
- Graduate School, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Centre of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, JiangSu Rudong County People's Hospital, Nantong 226400, China
| | - Yuanxiang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, JiangSu Rudong Country People's Hospital, Nantong 226400, China
| | - Weixing Wang
- Centre of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, JiangSu Rudong County People's Hospital, Nantong 226400, China
| | - Lingling Jiang
- Department of Medical Nursing, JiangSu Rudong Country People's Hospital, Nantong 226400, China
| | - Shishun Gong
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199 Hainan, China
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9
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Wan B, Li C, Wang M, Kong F, Ding Q, Zhang C, Liu H, Qian D, Deng W, Chen J, Tang P, Wang Q, Zhao S, Zhou Z, Xu T, Huang Y, Gu J, Fan J, Yin G. GIT1 protects traumatically injured spinal cord by prompting microvascular endothelial cells to clear myelin debris. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7067-7083. [PMID: 33621952 PMCID: PMC7993661 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The clearance of myelin debris is a critical step in the functional recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI). As phagocytes do, microvascular endothelial cells (MECs) participate in myelin debris clearance at the injury site within one week. Our group has verified that G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 interacting protein-1 (GIT1) is essential in autophagy and angiogenesis, both of which are tightly related to the uptake and degradation of myelin debris by MECs. Here, we analyzed the performance and mechanism of GIT1 in myelin debris clearance after SCI. The SCI contusion model was established and in vitro MECs were treated with myelin debris. Better recovery from traumatic SCI was observed in the GIT1 WT mice than in the GIT1 KO mice. More importantly, we found that GIT1 prompted MECs to clear myelin debris and further enhanced MECs angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, GIT1-mediated autophagy contributed to the clearance of myelin debris by MECs. In this study, we demonstrated that GIT1 may prompt MECs to clear myelin debris via autophagy and further stimulate MECs angiogenesis via upregulating VEGF. Our results indicate that GITI may serve as a promising target for accelerating myelin debris clearance and improving SCI recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Fanqi Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Qirui Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chenliang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian 223600, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Dingfei Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wenlin Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Pengyu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shujie Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yifan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xishan People's Hospital, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Guoyong Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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10
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Badea A, Schmalzigaug R, Kim W, Bonner P, Ahmed U, Johnson GA, Cofer G, Foster M, Anderson RJ, Badea C, Premont RT. Microcephaly with altered cortical layering in GIT1 deficiency revealed by quantitative neuroimaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 76:26-38. [PMID: 33010377 PMCID: PMC7802083 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase-Interacting Protein-1 (GIT1) regulates neuronal functions, including cell and axon migration and synapse formation and maintenance, and GIT1 knockout (KO) mice exhibit learning and memory deficits. We noted that male and female GIT1-KO mice exhibit neuroimaging phenotypes including microcephaly, and altered cortical layering, with a decrease in neuron density in cortical layer V. Micro-CT and magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) were used to identify morphometric phenotypes for the skulls and throughout the GIT1-KO brains. High field MRM of actively-stained mouse brains from GIT1-KO and wild type (WT) controls (n = 6 per group) allowed segmenting 37 regions, based on co-registration to the Waxholm Space atlas. Overall brain size in GIT1-KO mice was ~32% smaller compared to WT controls. After correcting for brain size, several regions were significantly different in GIT1-KO mice relative to WT, including the gray matter of the ventral thalamic nuclei and the rest of the thalamus, the inferior colliculus, and pontine nuclei. GIT1-KO mice had reduced volume of white matter tracts, most notably in the anterior commissure (~26% smaller), but also in the cerebral peduncle, fornix, and spinal trigeminal tract. On the other hand, the basal ganglia appeared enlarged in GIT1-KO mice, including the globus pallidus, caudate putamen, and particularly the accumbens - supporting a possible vulnerability to addiction. Volume based morphometry based on high-resolution MRM (21.5 μm isotropic voxels) was effective in detecting overall, and local differences in brain volumes in GIT1-KO mice, including in white matter tracts. The reduced relative volume of specific brain regions suggests a critical, but not uniform, role for GIT1 in brain development, conducive to brain microcephaly, and aberrant connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Badea
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America; Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America; Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America.
| | - Robert Schmalzigaug
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Woojoo Kim
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Pamela Bonner
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Umer Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - G Allan Johnson
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Gary Cofer
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Mark Foster
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Robert J Anderson
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Cristian Badea
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Richard T Premont
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America.
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11
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Luo Y, Xu T, Liu W, Rong Y, Wang J, Fan J, Yin G, Cai W. Exosomes derived from GIT1-overexpressing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote traumatic spinal cord injury recovery in a rat model. Int J Neurosci 2021; 131:170-182. [PMID: 32223487 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1734598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the effects of exosomes derived from G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 interacting protein 1 (GIT1)-overexpressing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (GIT1-BMSC-Exos) on the treatment of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) in a rat model. METHODS All the rats underwent a T10 laminectomy. A weight-drop impact was performed using a 10-g rod from a height of 12.5 mm except the sham group. Rats with SCI were distributed into three groups randomly and then treated with tail vein injection of GIT1-BMSCs-Exos, BMSCs-Exos and PBS, respectively. The effects of GIT1-Exos on glutamate (GLU)-induced apoptosis in vitro were also evaluated by TUNEL staining. RESULTS The results showed that rats treated with GIT1-BMSCs-Exos had better functional behavioral recovery than those treated with PBS or BMSCs-Exos only. The overexpression of GIT1 in BMSCs-Exos not only restrained glial scar formation and neuroinflammation after SCI, but also attenuated apoptosis and promoted axonal regeneration in the injured lesion area. Neuronal cell death induced by GLU was controlled remarkably in vitro as well. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study suggested that the application of GIT1-BMSCs-Exos may provide a novel avenue for traumatic SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuluo Rong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoyong Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weihua Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Wang G, Bai X, Jiang G, Jin S, Wang Q, Wang A, Peng R, Ke A, Bai D. GIT1 overexpression promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Bioengineered 2020; 12:30-43. [PMID: 33258389 PMCID: PMC8806235 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1855914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-associated mortalities. It has a high rate of metastasis and recurrence, which predict a poor prognosis. G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-kinase interacting protein-1 (GIT1) is a multifunctional scaffold protein that mediates the progression of various tumors. Studies have correlated GIT1 with HCC, however, these correlations have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we aimed at evaluating the expression of GIT1 in HCC tissues and cells, and to investigate its role and potential mechanisms in HCC progression. The expression levels of GIT1 in HCC tissues and other cancers was determined by using the Oncomine and TCGA databases. Functional analysis of GIT1 in HCC was evaluated through in vitro and in vivo experiments, whereby, HCC cells were transfected with synthetically overexpressed and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentivirus-mediated plasmids. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression methods were used to establish the associations between GIT1 and clinical outcomes of 158 HCC patients. GIT1 was found to be elevated in HCC tissues where it promoted the invasion, migration, and proliferation of HCC cells. Moreover, the overexpression of GIT1 prompted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by activating extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway, which was shown to be reversed by SCH772984, a specific ERK1/2 inhibitor. GIT1 was also found to be associated with malignant features of HCC, leading to a poorer prognosis. In conclusion, GIT1 promotes HCC progression by inducing EMT and may reflect the course of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University , Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Xuesong Bai
- The First Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University , Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Shengjie Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Aoqing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Rui Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Aiwu Ke
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Dousheng Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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13
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Blanco-Luquin I, Acha B, Urdánoz-Casado A, Sánchez-Ruiz De Gordoa J, Vicuña-Urriza J, Roldán M, Labarga A, Zelaya MV, Cabello C, Méndez-López I, Mendioroz M. Early epigenetic changes of Alzheimer's disease in the human hippocampus. Epigenetics 2020; 15:1083-1092. [PMID: 32233750 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1748917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of new biomarkers would be very valuable to improve the detection of early Alzheimer's disease (AD). DNA methylation marks may serve as epigenetic biomarkers of early AD. Here we identified epigenetic marks that are present in the human hippocampus from the earliest stages of AD. A previous methylome dataset of the human AD hippocampus was used to select a set of eight differentially methylated positions (DMPs) since early AD stages. Next, bisulphite pyrosequencing was performed in an expanded homogeneous cohort of 18 pure controls and 35 hippocampal samples with neuropathological changes of pure AD. Correlation between DNA methylation levels in DMPs and phospho-tau protein burden assessed by immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus was also determined. We found four DMPs showing higher levels of DNA methylation at early AD stages compared to controls, involving ELOVL2, GIT1/TP53I13 and the histone gene locus at chromosome 6. DNA methylation levels assessed by bisulphite pyrosequencing correlated with phospho-tau protein burden for ELOVL2 and HIST1H3E/HIST1H3 F genes. In this discovery study, a set of four epigenetic marks of early AD stages have been identified in the human hippocampus. It would be worth studying in-depth the specific pathways related to these epigenetic marks. These early alterations in DNA methylation in the AD hippocampus could be regarded as candidate biomarkers to be explored in future translational studies. ABBREVIATIONS AD: Alzheimer's disease; DMPs: Differentially methylated positions; CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid; βA42: β-amyloid 42; PET: positron emission tomography; 5mC: 5-methyl cytosine; CpG: cytosine-guanine dinucleotides; ANK1: ankyrin-1; BIN1: amphiphysin II; p-tau: hyperphosphorylated tau; CERAD: Consortium to Establish A Registry for Alzheimer's Disease; SD: standard deviation; ANOVA: one-way analysis of variance; VLCFAs: very long-chain fatty acids; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; mTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Blanco-Luquin
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario De Navarra, Universidad Pública De Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research) , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Blanca Acha
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario De Navarra, Universidad Pública De Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research) , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaya Urdánoz-Casado
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario De Navarra, Universidad Pública De Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research) , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez-Ruiz De Gordoa
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario De Navarra, Universidad Pública De Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research) , Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario De Navarra- IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research) , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Janire Vicuña-Urriza
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario De Navarra, Universidad Pública De Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research) , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miren Roldán
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario De Navarra, Universidad Pública De Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research) , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alberto Labarga
- Bioinformatics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research) , Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Victoria Zelaya
- Department of Pathology, Complejo Hospitalario De Navarra- IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research) , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carolina Cabello
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario De Navarra- IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research) , Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iván Méndez-López
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario De Navarra, Universidad Pública De Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research) , Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital García-Orcoyen , Estella, Spain
| | - Maite Mendioroz
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario De Navarra, Universidad Pública De Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research) , Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario De Navarra- IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research) , Pamplona, Spain
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14
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Hennigs JK, Lüneburg N, Stage A, Schmitz M, Körbelin J, Harbaum L, Matuszcak C, Mienert J, Bokemeyer C, Böger RH, Kiefmann R, Klose H. The P2-receptor-mediated Ca 2+ signalosome of the human pulmonary endothelium - implications for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Purinergic Signal 2019; 15:299-311. [PMID: 31396838 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-019-09674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the pulmonary endothelium is associated with most lung diseases. Extracellular nucleotides modulate a plethora of endothelial functions in the lung such as vessel integrity, vasodilatation, inflammatory, and thrombotic responses as well as survival and DNA repair, mostly via Ca2+ signaling pathways. However, a comprehensive analysis of the molecular components of the underlying P2 receptor-mediated Ca2+ signaling pathways in the lung has not been conducted so far. Therefore, our aim was to identify the principal P2 receptor Ca2+ signalosome in the human pulmonary endothelium and investigate potential dysregulation in pulmonary vascular disease. Comparative transcriptomics and quantitative immunohistochemistry were performed on publicly available RNA sequencing and protein datasets to identify the specific expression profile of the P2-receptor Ca2+ signalosome in the healthy human pulmonary endothelium and endothelial cells (EC) dysfunctional due to loss of or defective bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR2). Functional expression of signalosome components was tested by single cell Ca2+ imaging. Comparative transcriptome analysis of 11 endothelial cell subtypes revealed a specific P2 receptor Ca2+ signalosome signature for the pulmonary endothelium. Pulmonary endothelial expression of the most abundantly expressed Ca2+ toolkit genes CALM1, CALM2, VDAC1, and GNAS was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). P2RX1, P2RX4, P2RY6, and P2YR11 showed strong lung endothelial staining by IHC, P2X5, and P2Y1 were found to a much lesser extent. Very weak or no signals were detected for all other P2 receptors. Stimulation of human pulmonary artery (HPA) EC by purine nucleotides ATP, ADP, and AMP led to robust intracellular Ca2+ signals mediated through both P2X and P2Y receptors. Pyrimidine UTP and UDP-mediated Ca2+ signals were generated almost exclusively by activation of P2Y receptors. HPAEC made dysfunctional by siRNA-mediated BMPR2 depletion showed downregulation of 18 and upregulation of 19 P2 receptor Ca2+ signalosome genes including PLCD4, which was found to be upregulated in iPSC-EC from BMPR2-mutant patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. In conclusion, the human pulmonary endothelium expresses a distinct functional subset of the P2 receptor Ca2+ signalosome. Composition of the P2 receptor Ca2+ toolkit in the pulmonary endothelium is susceptible to genetic disturbances likely contributing to an unfavorable pulmonary disease phenotype found in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan K Hennigs
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. .,Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. .,II. Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Nicole Lüneburg
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annett Stage
- Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Schmitz
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,II. Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,II. Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Harbaum
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,II. Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Matuszcak
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,II. Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Mienert
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,II. Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- II. Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer H Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Kiefmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Klose
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,II. Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Dent LG, Manning SA, Kroeger B, Williams AM, Saiful Hilmi AJ, Crea L, Kondo S, Horne-Badovinac S, Harvey KF. The dPix-Git complex is essential to coordinate epithelial morphogenesis and regulate myosin during Drosophila egg chamber development. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008083. [PMID: 31116733 PMCID: PMC6555532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
How biochemical and mechanical information are integrated during tissue development is a central question in morphogenesis. In many biological systems, the PIX-GIT complex localises to focal adhesions and integrates both physical and chemical information. We used Drosophila melanogaster egg chamber formation to study the function of PIX and GIT orthologues (dPix and Git, respectively), and discovered a central role for this complex in controlling myosin activity and epithelial monolayering. We found that Git's focal adhesion targeting domain mediates basal localisation of this complex to filament structures and the leading edge of migrating cells. In the absence of dpix and git, tissue disruption is driven by contractile forces, as reduction of myosin activators restores egg production and morphology. Further, dpix and git mutant eggs closely phenocopy defects previously reported in pak mutant epithelia. Together, these results indicate that the dPix-Git complex controls egg chamber morphogenesis by controlling myosin contractility and Pak kinase downstream of focal adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas G. Dent
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (LGD); (KFH)
| | - Samuel A. Manning
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Benjamin Kroeger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Audrey M. Williams
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | | | - Luke Crea
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shu Kondo
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sally Horne-Badovinac
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Kieran F. Harvey
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- * E-mail: (LGD); (KFH)
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16
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Xu T, Luo Y, Kong F, Lv B, Zhao S, Chen J, Liu W, Cheng L, Zhou Z, Zhou Z, Huang Y, Li L, Zhao X, Qian D, Fan J, Yin G. GIT1 is critical for formation of the CD31 hiEmcn hi vessel subtype in coupling osteogenesis with angiogenesis via modulating preosteoclasts secretion of PDGF-BB. Bone 2019; 122:218-230. [PMID: 30853660 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 interacting protein-1 (GIT1) is a scaffold protein that plays a vital role in bone modeling and remodeling during osteogenesis coupled with angiogenesis. Recent studies have shown that a specialized subset of vascular endothelium strongly positive for CD31 and Endomucin (CD31hiEmcnhi) is coupled with anabolic bone formation. Based on our previous finding that GIT1 knockout (GIT1 KO) mice have impaired angiogenesis and bone formation, we hypothesized that GIT1 affects formation of the CD31hiEmcnhi vessel subtype. In the current study, GIT1 knockout (GIT1 KO) mice displayed a significant decrease in trabecular bone mass and CD31hiEmcnhi vessel number, compared to their wild-type counterparts. In the fracture healing mouse model, GIT1 KO mice contained a lower number of CD31hiEmcnhi vessels in fracture callus at days 7 and 14. However, no significant differences in the number of preosteoclasts in bone marrow, trabecular bone and callus in GIT1 KO mice were observed, compared with wild-type mice. Notably, concentrations of serum platelet-derived growth factor-BB(PDGF-BB) secreted by preosteoclasts associated with CD31hiEmcnhi vessel formation were lower in GIT1 KO mice. In addition, PDGF-BB-associated expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase- 1/2 (ERK1/2) and specificity protein 1 (SP1) was significantly decreased in preosteoclasts of GIT1 KO mice. These results collectively suggest that GIT1 is a critical participant in formation of the CD31hiEmcnhi vessel subtype, highlighting a novel biologic function of this scaffold protein in preosteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China
| | - YongJun Luo
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China
| | - FanQi Kong
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Bin Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated People's Hospital with Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212000, China
| | - ShuJie Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China
| | - ZhiMin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China
| | - YiFan Huang
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China
| | - LinWei Li
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China
| | - DingFei Qian
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - GuoYong Yin
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing 210029, China.
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17
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Hendrickx JO, van Gastel J, Leysen H, Santos-Otte P, Premont RT, Martin B, Maudsley S. GRK5 - A Functional Bridge Between Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1484. [PMID: 30618771 PMCID: PMC6304357 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex aging-triggered disorders are multifactorial programs that comprise a myriad of alterations in interconnected protein networks over a broad range of tissues. It is evident that rather than being randomly organized events, pathophysiologies that possess a strong aging component such as cardiovascular diseases (hypertensions, atherosclerosis, and vascular stiffening) and neurodegenerative conditions (dementia, Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease), in essence represent a subtly modified version of the intricate molecular programs already in place for normal aging. To control such multidimensional activities there are layers of trophic protein control across these networks mediated by so-called "keystone" proteins. We propose that these "keystones" coordinate and interconnect multiple signaling pathways to control whole somatic activities such as aging-related disease etiology. Given its ability to control multiple receptor sensitivities and its broad protein-protein interactomic nature, we propose that G protein coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) represents one of these key network controllers. Considerable data has emerged, suggesting that GRK5 acts as a bridging factor, allowing signaling regulation in pathophysiological settings to control the connectivity between both the cardiovascular and neurophysiological complications of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhana O. Hendrickx
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp – Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jaana van Gastel
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp – Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hanne Leysen
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp – Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paula Santos-Otte
- Institute of Biophysics, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard T. Premont
- Harrington Discovery Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, GA, United States
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp – Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Antwerp, Belgium
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Zhang Z, Hu P, Xiong J, Wang S. Inhibiting GIT1 reduces the growth, invasion, and angiogenesis of osteosarcoma. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:6445-6455. [PMID: 30555255 PMCID: PMC6278701 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s181066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background GIT1, a scaffold protein with ubiquitous multi-domain, is involved in many cellular processes. In recent years, it was proved that GIT1 participated in various tumors’ growth or metastasis. However, the biological function of GIT1 in osteosarcoma is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of GIT1 in osteosarcoma. Materials and methods Human osteosarcoma tissues were obtained to investigate the distribution of GIT1. Adequate osteosarcoma cells were stably infected with lentivirus to knockdown GIT1 level and then was used to carry out cell invasion and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) assay in vitro. Orthotopic femoral osteosarcoma model was constructed to investigate the growth, invasion, and angiogenesis in vivo. Western blot was used to detect extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) activation and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) expression. Results In this study, we found that GIT1 was distributed in human osteosarcoma tissues and highly expressed in osteosarcoma (OS) cells. Knockdown of GIT1 inhibited cell invasion and VEGF release in vitro and suppressed tumor growth, invasion, and angiogenesis in vivo. Furthermore, knockdown of GIT1 substantially downregulated the protein levels of p-ERK and HIF-1α in OST cells and inhibition of p-ERK by PD98059 could significantly decrease the expression of HIF-1α and concentration of VEGF in GIT1-shRNA-treated cells. Conclusion GIT1 knockdown can effectively inhibit the growth, invasion, and angiogenesis of osteosarcoma. Thus, GIT1 might act as an oncogenic factor in osteosarcoma and could be a potential molecular target for osteosarcoma gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China,
| | - Polu Hu
- Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Jin Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China,
| | - Shoufeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China,
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Dong X, Yin J, Yun B, Lü B, Yin G. [Research on influence mechanism of G protein coupled receptor kinase interacting protein 1 on differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into endothelial cells]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2018; 32:257-263. [PMID: 29806272 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201709090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the mechanism of G protein coupled receptor kinase interacting protein 1 (GIT1) affecting angiogenesis by comparing the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) differentiated into endothelial cells between GIT1 wild type mice and GIT1 gene knockout mice. Methods Male and female GIT1 heterozygous mice were paired breeding, and the genotypic identification of newborn mice were detected by PCR. The 2nd generation BMSCs isolated from GIT1 wild type mice or GIT1 gene knockout mice were divided into 4 groups, including wild type control group (group A), wild type experimental group (group A1), GIT1 knockout control group (group B), and GIT1 knockout experimental group (group B1). The cells of groups A1 and B1 were cultured with the endothelial induction medium and the cells of groups A and B with normal cluture medium. The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), VEGFR-3, and phospho-VEGFR-2 (pVEGFR-2), and pVEGFR-3 proteins were detected by Western blot. The endothelial cell markers [von Willebrand factor (vWF), platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1), and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-Cadherin)] were detected by flow cytometry. The 2nd generation BMSCs of GIT1 wild type mice were divided into 4 groups according to the different culture media: group Ⅰ, primary cell culture medium; group Ⅱ, cell culture medium containing SAR131675 (VEGFR-3 blocker); group Ⅲ, endothelial induction medium; group Ⅳ, endothelial induction medium containing SAR131675. The endothelial cell markers (vWF, PECAM-1, and VE-Cadherin) in 4 groups were also detected by flow cytometry. Results Western blot results showed that there was no obviously difference in protein expressions of VEGFR-2 and pVEGFR-2 between groups; and the expressions of VEGFR-3 and pVEGFR-3 proteins in group A1 were obviously higher than those in groups A, B, and B1. The flow cytometry results showed that the expressions of vWF, PECAM-1, and VE-Cadherin were significantly higher in group A1 than in groups A, B, and B1 ( P<0.05), and in group B1 than in groups A and B ( P<0.05); but no significant difference was found between groups A and B ( P>0.05). In the VEGFR-3 blocked experiment, the flow cytometry results showed that the expressions of vWF, PECAM-1, and VE-Cadherin were significantly higher in group Ⅲ than in groupsⅠ, Ⅱ, and Ⅳ, and in group Ⅳ than in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ ( P<0.05); but no significant difference was found between groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ ( P>0.05). Conclusion GIT1 mediates BMSCs of mice differentiation into endothelial cells via VEGFR-3, thereby affecting the angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancheng Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Jiangsu, 210029, P.R.China
| | - Jian Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Jiangsu, 210029, P.R.China
| | - Bo Yun
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Jiangsu, 210029, P.R.China
| | - Bin Lü
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Jiangsu, 210029, P.R.China
| | - Guoyong Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Jiangsu, 210029,
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20
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Chen J, Wang Q, Zhou W, Zhou Z, Tang PY, Xu T, Liu W, Li LW, Cheng L, Zhou ZM, Fan J, Yin GY. GPCR kinase 2-interacting protein-1 protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury of the spinal cord by modulating ASK1/JNK/p38 signaling. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201800548. [PMID: 29912587 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
GPCR kinase 2-interacting protein-1 (GIT1) is a scaffold protein that plays an important role in cell adaptation, proliferation, migration, and differentiation; however, the role of GIT1 in the regulation of neuronal death after spinal cord injury remains obscure. Here, we demonstrate that GIT1 deficiency remarkably increased neuronal apoptosis and enhanced JNK/p38 signaling, which resulted in stronger motor deficits by ischemia-reperfusion in vivo, consistent with the finding of oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced neuronal injury in vitro. After treatment with JNK and p38 inhibitors, abnormally necroptotic cell death caused by GIT1 knockdown could be partially rescued, with the recovery of neuronal viability, which was still poorer than that in control neurons. Meanwhile, overactivation of JNK/p38 after GIT1 depletion was concomitant with excessive activity of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK1) that could be abolished by ASK1 silencing in HEK293T cells. Finally, GIT1 could disrupt the oligomerization of ASK1 via interaction between the synaptic localization domain that contains the coiled-coil (CC)-2 domain of GIT1 and the C-terminal CC domain of ASK1. It suppressed the autophosphorylation of ASK1 and led to decreasing activity of the ASK1/JNK/p38 pathway. These data reveal a protective role for GIT1 in neuronal damage by modulating ASK1/JNK/p38 signaling.-Chen, J., Wang, Q., Zhou, W., Zhou, Z., Tang, P.-Y., Xu, T., Liu, W., Li, L.-W., Cheng, L., Zhou, Z.-M., Fan, J., Yin, G.-Y. GPCR kinase 2-interacting protein-1 protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury of the spinal cord by modulating ASK1/JNK/p38 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng-Yu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin-Wei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Min Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Yong Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Edogawa S, Peters SA, Jenkins GD, Gurunathan SV, Sundt WJ, Johnson S, Lennon RJ, Dyer RB, Camilleri M, Kashyap PC, Farrugia G, Chen J, Singh RJ, Grover M. Sex differences in NSAID-induced perturbation of human intestinal barrier function and microbiota. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201800560R. [PMID: 29897814 PMCID: PMC6219825 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800560r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal barrier function and microbiota are integrally related and play critical roles in maintenance of host physiology. Sex is a key biologic variable for several disorders. Our aim was to determine sex-based differences in response to perturbation and subsequent recovery of intestinal barrier function and microbiota in healthy humans. Twenty-three volunteers underwent duodenal biopsies, mucosal impedance, and in vivo permeability measurement. Permeability testing was repeated after administration of indomethacin, then 4 to 6 wk after its discontinuation. Duodenal and fecal microbiota composition was determined using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Healthy women had lower intestinal permeability and higher duodenal and fecal microbial diversity than healthy men. Intestinal permeability increases after indomethacin administration in both sexes. However, only women demonstrated decreased fecal microbial diversity, including an increase in Prevotella abundance, after indomethacin administration. Duodenal microbiota composition did not show sex-specific changes. The increase in permeability and microbiota changes normalized after discontinuation of indomethacin. In summary, women have lower intestinal permeability and higher microbial diversity. Intestinal permeability is sensitive to perturbation but recovers to baseline. Gut microbiota in women is sensitive to perturbation but appears to be more stable in men. Sex-based differences in intestinal barrier function and microbiome should be considered in future studies.-Edogawa, S., Peters, S. A., Jenkins, G. D., Gurunathan, S. V., Sundt, W. J., Johnson, S., Lennon, R. J., Dyer, R. B., Camilleri, M., Kashyap, P. C., Farrugia, G., Chen, J., Singh, R. J., Grover, M. Sex differences in NSAID-induced perturbation of human intestinal barrier function and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Edogawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Peters
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gregory D. Jenkins
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Wendy J. Sundt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephen Johnson
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ryan J. Lennon
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Roy B. Dyer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael Camilleri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Purna C. Kashyap
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ravinder J. Singh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Madhusudan Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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22
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Hyperoxia Disrupts Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases 1/2-Induced Angiogenesis in the Developing Lungs. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051525. [PMID: 29783779 PMCID: PMC5983575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperoxia contributes to the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease of infants that is characterized by interrupted alveologenesis. Disrupted angiogenesis inhibits alveologenesis, but the mechanisms of disrupted angiogenesis in the developing lungs are poorly understood. In pre-clinical BPD models, hyperoxia increases the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2; however, its effects on the lung endothelial ERK1/2 signaling are unclear. Further, whether ERK1/2 activation promotes lung angiogenesis in infants is unknown. Hence, we tested the following hypotheses: (1) hyperoxia exposure will increase lung endothelial ERK1/2 signaling in neonatal C57BL/6J (WT) mice and in fetal human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs); (2) ERK1/2 inhibition will disrupt angiogenesis in vitro by repressing cell cycle progression. In mice, hyperoxia exposure transiently increased lung endothelial ERK1/2 activation at one week of life, before inhibiting it at two weeks of life. Interestingly, hyperoxia-mediated decrease in ERK1/2 activation in mice was associated with decreased angiogenesis and increased endothelial cell apoptosis. Hyperoxia also transiently activated ERK1/2 in HPAECs. ERK1/2 inhibition disrupted angiogenesis in vitro, and these effects were associated with altered levels of proteins that modulate cell cycle progression. Collectively, these findings support our hypotheses, emphasizing that the ERK1/2 pathway is a potential therapeutic target for BPD infants with decreased lung vascularization.
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23
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Majumder S, Zhu G, Xu X, Senchanthisai S, Jiang D, Liu H, Xue C, Wang X, Coia H, Cui Z, Smolock EM, Libby RT, Berk BC, Pang J. G-Protein-Coupled Receptor-2-Interacting Protein-1 Controls Stalk Cell Fate by Inhibiting Delta-like 4-Notch1 Signaling. Cell Rep 2017; 17:2532-2541. [PMID: 27926858 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal localization and expression of Dll4 are critical for sprouting angiogenesis. However, the related mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that G-protein-coupled receptor-kinase interacting protein-1 (GIT1) is a robust endogenous inhibitor of Dll4-Notch1 signaling that specifically controls stalk cell fate. GIT1 is highly expressed in stalk cells but not in tip cells. GIT1 deficiency remarkably enhances Dll4 expression and Notch1 signaling, resulting in impaired retinal sprouting angiogenesis, which can be rescued by treatment with the Notch inhibitor or Dll4 neutralizing antibody. Notch1 regulates Dll4 expression by binding to recombining binding protein suppressor of hairless (RBP-J, a transcriptional regulator of Notch) via a highly conserved ankyrin (ANK) repeat domain. We show that GIT1, which also contains an ANK domain, inhibits the Notch1-Dll4 signaling pathway by competing with Notch1 ANK domain for binding to RBP-J in stalk cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syamantak Majumder
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - GuoFu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiangbin Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Sharon Senchanthisai
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Dongyang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chao Xue
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Heidi Coia
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Zhaoqiang Cui
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Elaine M Smolock
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Richard T Libby
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Bradford C Berk
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jinjiang Pang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Cardiology, Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
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24
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Transcriptional regulation of endothelial cell behavior during sprouting angiogenesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:726. [PMID: 28959057 PMCID: PMC5620061 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00738-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediating the expansion of vascular beds in many physiological and pathological settings, angiogenesis requires dynamic changes in endothelial cell behavior. However, the molecular mechanisms governing endothelial cell activity during different phases of vascular growth, remodeling, maturation, and quiescence remain elusive. Here, we characterize dynamic gene expression changes during postnatal development and identify critical angiogenic factors in mouse retinal endothelial cells. Using actively translating transcriptome analysis and in silico computational analyses, we determine candidate regulators controlling endothelial cell behavior at different developmental stages. We further show that one of the identified candidates, the transcription factor MafB, controls endothelial sprouting in vitro and in vivo, and perform an integrative analysis of RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq data to define putative direct MafB targets, which are activated or repressed by the transcriptional regulator. Together, our results identify novel cell-autonomous regulatory mechanisms controlling sprouting angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is a complex process that requires coordinated changes in endothelial cell behavior. Here the authors use Ribo-tag and RNA-Seq to determine temporal profiles of transcriptional activity during postnatal retinal angiogenesis, identifying transcriptional regulators of the process.
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25
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Zhou W, Li X, Premont RT. Expanding functions of GIT Arf GTPase-activating proteins, PIX Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GIT-PIX complexes. J Cell Sci 2017; 129:1963-74. [PMID: 27182061 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.179465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The GIT proteins, GIT1 and GIT2, are GTPase-activating proteins (inactivators) for the ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) small GTP-binding proteins, and function to limit the activity of Arf proteins. The PIX proteins, α-PIX and β-PIX (also known as ARHGEF6 and ARHGEF7, respectively), are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (activators) for the Rho family small GTP-binding protein family members Rac1 and Cdc42. Through their multi-domain structures, GIT and PIX proteins can also function as signaling scaffolds by binding to numerous protein partners. Importantly, the constitutive association of GIT and PIX proteins into oligomeric GIT-PIX complexes allows these two proteins to function together as subunits of a larger structure that coordinates two distinct small GTP-binding protein pathways and serves as multivalent scaffold for the partners of both constituent subunits. Studies have revealed the involvement of GIT and PIX proteins, and of the GIT-PIX complex, in numerous fundamental cellular processes through a wide variety of mechanisms, pathways and signaling partners. In this Commentary, we discuss recent findings in key physiological systems that exemplify current understanding of the function of this important regulatory complex. Further, we draw attention to gaps in crucial information that remain to be filled to allow a better understanding of the many roles of the GIT-PIX complex in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zhou
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, College of Engineering and Design, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Richard T Premont
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Liao HF, Mo CF, Wu SC, Cheng DH, Yu CY, Chang KW, Kao TH, Lu CW, Pinskaya M, Morillon A, Lin SS, Cheng WTK, Bourc'his D, Bestor T, Sung LY, Lin SP. Dnmt3l-knockout donor cells improve somatic cell nuclear transfer reprogramming efficiency. Reproduction 2015; 150:245-56. [PMID: 26159833 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear transfer (NT) is a technique used to investigate the development and reprogramming potential of a single cell. DNA methyltransferase-3-like, which has been characterized as a repressive transcriptional regulator, is expressed in naturally fertilized egg and morula/blastocyst at pre-implantation stages. In this study, we demonstrate that the use of Dnmt3l-knockout (Dnmt3l-KO) donor cells in combination with Trichostatin A treatment improved the developmental efficiency and quality of the cloned embryos. Compared with the WT group, Dnmt3l-KO donor cell-derived cloned embryos exhibited increased cell numbers as well as restricted OCT4 expression in the inner cell mass (ICM) and silencing of transposable elements at the blastocyst stage. In addition, our results indicate that zygotic Dnmt3l is dispensable for cloned embryo development at pre-implantation stages. In Dnmt3l-KO mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we observed reduced nuclear localization of HDAC1, increased levels of the active histone mark H3K27ac and decreased accumulation of the repressive histone marks H3K27me3 and H3K9me3, suggesting that Dnmt3l-KO donor cells may offer a more permissive epigenetic state that is beneficial for NT reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Fu Liao
- Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramAcademia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanInstitut CurieCNRS UMR3244, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, FranceDepartment of Animal Science and BiotechnologyTunghai University, Taichung 407, TaiwanINSERM U934/CNRS UMR3215Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, FranceDepartment of Genetics and DevelopmentCollege of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USAAgricultural Biotechnology Research CenterAcademia Sinica, Taipei 115, TaiwanCenter for Systems BiologyResearch Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Fan Mo
- Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramAcademia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanInstitut CurieCNRS UMR3244, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, FranceDepartment of Animal Science and BiotechnologyTunghai University, Taichung 407, TaiwanINSERM U934/CNRS UMR3215Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, FranceDepartment of Genetics and DevelopmentCollege of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USAAgricultural Biotechnology Research CenterAcademia Sinica, Taipei 115, TaiwanCenter for Systems BiologyResearch Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Chih Wu
- Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramAcademia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanInstitut CurieCNRS UMR3244, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, FranceDepartment of Animal Science and BiotechnologyTunghai University, Taichung 407, TaiwanINSERM U934/CNRS UMR3215Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, FranceDepartment of Genetics and DevelopmentCollege of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USAAgricultural Biotechnology Research CenterAcademia Sinica, Taipei 115, TaiwanCenter for Systems BiologyResearch Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Dai-Han Cheng
- Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramAcademia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanInstitut CurieCNRS UMR3244, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, FranceDepartment of Animal Science and BiotechnologyTunghai University, Taichung 407, TaiwanINSERM U934/CNRS UMR3215Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, FranceDepartment of Genetics and DevelopmentCollege of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USAAgricultural Biotechnology Research CenterAcademia Sinica, Taipei 115, TaiwanCenter for Systems BiologyResearch Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yun Yu
- Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramAcademia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanInstitut CurieCNRS UMR3244, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, FranceDepartment of Animal Science and BiotechnologyTunghai University, Taichung 407, TaiwanINSERM U934/CNRS UMR3215Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, FranceDepartment of Genetics and DevelopmentCollege of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USAAgricultural Biotechnology Research CenterAcademia Sinica, Taipei 115, TaiwanCenter for Systems BiologyResearch Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wei Chang
- Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramAcademia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanInstitut CurieCNRS UMR3244, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, FranceDepartment of Animal Science and BiotechnologyTunghai University, Taichung 407, TaiwanINSERM U934/CNRS UMR3215Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, FranceDepartment of Genetics and DevelopmentCollege of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USAAgricultural Biotechnology Research CenterAcademia Sinica, Taipei 115, TaiwanCenter for Systems BiologyResearch Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramAcademia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanInstitut CurieCNRS UMR3244, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, FranceDepartment of Animal Science and BiotechnologyTunghai University, Taichung 407, TaiwanINSERM U934/CNRS UMR3215Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, FranceDepartment of Genetics and DevelopmentCollege of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USAAgricultural Biotechnology Research CenterAcademia Sinica, Taipei 115, TaiwanCenter for Systems BiologyResearch Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Kao
- Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramAcademia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanInstitut CurieCNRS UMR3244, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, FranceDepartment of Animal Science and BiotechnologyTunghai University, Taichung 407, TaiwanINSERM U934/CNRS UMR3215Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, FranceDepartment of Genetics and DevelopmentCollege of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USAAgricultural Biotechnology Research CenterAcademia Sinica, Taipei 115, TaiwanCenter for Systems BiologyResearch Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Lu
- Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramAcademia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanInstitut CurieCNRS UMR3244, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, FranceDepartment of Animal Science and BiotechnologyTunghai University, Taichung 407, TaiwanINSERM U934/CNRS UMR3215Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, FranceDepartment of Genetics and DevelopmentCollege of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USAAgricultural Biotechnology Research CenterAcademia Sinica, Taipei 115, TaiwanCenter for Systems BiologyResearch Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Marina Pinskaya
- Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramAcademia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanInstitut CurieCNRS UMR3244, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, FranceDepartment of Animal Science and BiotechnologyTunghai University, Taichung 407, TaiwanINSERM U934/CNRS UMR3215Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, FranceDepartment of Genetics and DevelopmentCollege of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USAAgricultural Biotechnology Research CenterAcademia Sinica, Taipei 115, TaiwanCenter for Systems BiologyResearch Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Antonin Morillon
- Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramAcademia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanInstitut CurieCNRS UMR3244, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, FranceDepartment of Animal Science and BiotechnologyTunghai University, Taichung 407, TaiwanINSERM U934/CNRS UMR3215Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, FranceDepartment of Genetics and DevelopmentCollege of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USAAgricultural Biotechnology Research CenterAcademia Sinica, Taipei 115, TaiwanCenter for Systems BiologyResearch Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shun Lin
- Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramAcademia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanInstitut CurieCNRS UMR3244, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, FranceDepartment of Animal Science and BiotechnologyTunghai University, Taichung 407, TaiwanINSERM U934/CNRS UMR3215Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, FranceDepartment of Genetics and DevelopmentCollege of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USAAgricultural Biotechnology Research CenterAcademia Sinica, Taipei 115, TaiwanCenter for Systems BiologyResearch Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramAcademia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanInstitut CurieCNRS UMR3244, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, FranceDepartment of Animal Science and BiotechnologyTunghai University, Taichung 407, TaiwanINSERM U934/CNRS UMR3215Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, FranceDepartment of Genetics and DevelopmentCollege of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USAAgricultural Biotechnology Research CenterAcademia Sinica, Taipei 115, TaiwanCenter for Systems BiologyResearch Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramAcademia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanInstitut CurieCNRS UMR3244, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, FranceDepartment of Animal Science and BiotechnologyTunghai University, T
| | - Winston T K Cheng
- Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramAcademia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanInstitut CurieCNRS UMR3244, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, FranceDepartment of Animal Science and BiotechnologyTunghai University, Taichung 407, TaiwanINSERM U934/CNRS UMR3215Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, FranceDepartment of Genetics and DevelopmentCollege of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USAAgricultural Biotechnology Research CenterAcademia Sinica, Taipei 115, TaiwanCenter for Systems BiologyResearch Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Déborah Bourc'his
- Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramAcademia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanInstitut CurieCNRS UMR3244, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, FranceDepartment of Animal Science and BiotechnologyTunghai University, Taichung 407, TaiwanINSERM U934/CNRS UMR3215Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, FranceDepartment of Genetics and DevelopmentCollege of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USAAgricultural Biotechnology Research CenterAcademia Sinica, Taipei 115, TaiwanCenter for Systems BiologyResearch Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Timothy Bestor
- Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramAcademia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanInstitut CurieCNRS UMR3244, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, FranceDepartment of Animal Science and BiotechnologyTunghai University, Taichung 407, TaiwanINSERM U934/CNRS UMR3215Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, FranceDepartment of Genetics and DevelopmentCollege of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USAAgricultural Biotechnology Research CenterAcademia Sinica, Taipei 115, TaiwanCenter for Systems BiologyResearch Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ying Sung
- Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramAcademia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanInstitut CurieCNRS UMR3244, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, FranceDepartment of Animal Science and BiotechnologyTunghai University, Taichung 407, TaiwanINSERM U934/CNRS UMR3215Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, FranceDepartment of Genetics and DevelopmentCollege of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USAAgricultural Biotechnology Research CenterAcademia Sinica, Taipei 115, TaiwanCenter for Systems BiologyResearch Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Ping Lin
- Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramAcademia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanInstitut CurieCNRS UMR3244, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, FranceDepartment of Animal Science and BiotechnologyTunghai University, Taichung 407, TaiwanINSERM U934/CNRS UMR3215Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, FranceDepartment of Genetics and DevelopmentCollege of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USAAgricultural Biotechnology Research CenterAcademia Sinica, Taipei 115, TaiwanCenter for Systems BiologyResearch Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramAcademia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanInstitut CurieCNRS UMR3244, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, FranceDepartment of Animal Science and BiotechnologyTunghai University, Taichung 407, TaiwanINSERM U934/CNRS UMR3215Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, FranceDepartment of Genetics and DevelopmentCollege of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USAAgricultural Biotechnology Research CenterAcademia Sinica, Taipei 115, TaiwanCenter for Systems BiologyResearch Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of Animal Science and TechnologyGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramNational Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanGenome and Systems Biology Degree ProgramAcademia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanInstitut CurieCNRS UMR3244, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, FranceDepartment of Animal Science and BiotechnologyTunghai University, T
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Burke RM, Berk BC. The Role of PB1 Domain Proteins in Endothelial Cell Dysfunction and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1243-56. [PMID: 25686626 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE There are a limited number of proteins containing the Phox-Bem1 (PB1) protein interaction domain, and almost all of them play some role in endothelial cell (EC) function, health, and homeostasis. RECENT ADVANCES Most of these proteins have been shown to physically interact through PB1-PB1 binding and, as such, are linked together to form complexes that are responsive to hemodynamic force. These complexes range from redox regulation to inflammation to autophagy and back, and they employ multiple feedback mechanisms that are reliant on PB1 domain proteins. CRITICAL ISSUES Pathologic roles for PB1 domain-containing proteins have been demonstrated in multiple diseases, including vascular disease, cancer, liver disease, and myriad other concerns. Findings cited in this review show that dimerization of PB1 proteins exerts novel effects on EC function that may be important in multiple cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, thrombosis, inflammation, and hypertension. FUTURE DIRECTIONS As mechanistic understanding of the component pathways (redox regulation, cell polarity, inflammation, atheroprotection, and autophagy) is continually increasing, the larger picture of how these pathways interact with one another is evolving rapidly. We can now evaluate the PB1 domain proteins as a family in the context of multiple phenotypic readouts in EC function as well as evaluate them as drug targets against disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Burke
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
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28
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Hong ST, Mah W. A Critical Role of GIT1 in Vertebrate and Invertebrate Brain Development. Exp Neurobiol 2015; 24:8-16. [PMID: 25792865 PMCID: PMC4363336 DOI: 10.5607/en.2015.24.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
GIT1, a multifunctional signaling adaptor protein, is implicated in the development of dendritic spines and neuronal synapses. GIT1 forms a signaling complex with PIX, RAC, and PAK proteins that is known to play important roles in brain development. Here we found that Git1-knockout (Git1-/-) mice show a microcephaly-like small brain phenotype, which appears to be caused by reduced neuronal size rather than number. Git1-/- mice also show decreased dendritic spine number without morphological alterations in the hippocampus. Behaviorally, Git1-/- mice show impaired motor coordination and learning and memory. In addition, adult dGit Drosophila mutants show decreased brain size and abnormal morphology of the mushroom body. These results suggest that GIT1 is important for brain development in both rodents and flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Tae Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Won Mah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea. ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Wilson E, Leszczynska K, Poulter NS, Edelmann F, Salisbury VA, Noy PJ, Bacon A, Rappoport JZ, Heath JK, Bicknell R, Heath VL. RhoJ interacts with the GIT-PIX complex and regulates focal adhesion disassembly. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3039-51. [PMID: 24928894 PMCID: PMC4106786 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.140434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
RhoJ is a Rho GTPase expressed in endothelial cells and tumour cells, which regulates cell motility, invasion, endothelial tube formation and focal adhesion numbers. This study aimed to further delineate the molecular function of RhoJ. Using timelapse microscopy RhoJ was found to regulate focal adhesion disassembly; small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of RhoJ increased focal adhesion disassembly time, whereas expression of an active mutant (daRhoJ) decreased it. Furthermore, daRhoJ co-precipitated with the GIT–PIX complex, a regulator of focal adhesion disassembly. An interaction between daRhoJ and GIT1 was confirmed using yeast two-hybrid experiments, and this depended on the Spa homology domain of GIT1. GIT1, GIT2, β-PIX (also known as ARHGEF7) and RhoJ all colocalised in focal adhesions and depended on each other for their recruitment to focal adhesions. Functionally, the GIT–PIX complex regulated endothelial tube formation, with knockdown of both GIT1 and GIT2, or β-PIX phenocopying RhoJ knockdown. RhoJ-knockout mice showed reduced tumour growth and diminished tumour vessel density, identifying a role for RhoJ in mediating tumour angiogenesis. These studies give new insight into the molecular function of RhoJ in regulating cell motility and tumour vessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Wilson
- School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Katarzyna Leszczynska
- School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Natalie S Poulter
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Francesca Edelmann
- School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Victoria A Salisbury
- School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Peter J Noy
- School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrea Bacon
- School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - John K Heath
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Roy Bicknell
- School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Victoria L Heath
- School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Liu S, Premont RT, Rockey DC. Endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) is activated through G-protein-coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein 1 (GIT1) tyrosine phosphorylation and Src protein. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:18163-74. [PMID: 24764294 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.521203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a critical regulator of vascular tone and plays an especially prominent role in liver by controlling portal blood flow and pressure within liver sinusoids. Synthesis of NO in sinusoidal endothelial cells by endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) is regulated in response to activation of endothelial cells by vasoactive signals such as endothelins. The endothelin B (ETB) receptor is a G-protein-coupled receptor, but the mechanisms by which it regulates eNOS activity in sinusoidal endothelial cells are not well understood. In this study, we built on two previous strands of work, the first showing that G-protein βγ subunits mediated activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt to regulate eNOS and the second showing that eNOS directly bound to the G-protein-coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein 1 (GIT1) scaffold protein, and this association stimulated NO production. Here we investigated the mechanisms by which the GIT1-eNOS complex is formed and regulated. GIT1 was phosphorylated on tyrosine by Src, and Y293F and Y554F mutations reduced GIT1 phosphorylation as well as the ability of GIT1 to bind to and activate eNOS. Akt phosphorylation activated eNOS (at Ser(1177)), and Akt also regulated the ability of Src to phosphorylate GIT1 as well as GIT1-eNOS association. These pathways were activated by endothelin-1 through the ETB receptor; inhibiting receptor-activated G-protein βγ subunits blocked activation of Akt, GIT1 tyrosine phosphorylation, and ET-1-stimulated GIT1-eNOS association but did not affect Src activation. These data suggest a model in which Src and Akt cooperate to regulate association of eNOS with the GIT1 scaffold to facilitate NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songling Liu
- From the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425 and
| | - Richard T Premont
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Don C Rockey
- From the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425 and
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Yin G, Sheu TJ, Menon P, Pang J, Ho HC, Shi S, Xie C, Smolock E, Yan C, Zuscik MJ, Berk BC. Impaired angiogenesis during fracture healing in GPCR kinase 2 interacting protein-1 (GIT1) knock out mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89127. [PMID: 24586541 PMCID: PMC3929643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) interacting protein-1 (GIT1), is a scaffold protein that plays an important role in angiogenesis and osteoclast activity. We have previously demonstrated that GIT1 knockout (GIT1 KO) mice have impaired angiogenesis and dysregulated osteoclast podosome formation leading to a reduction in the bone resorbing ability of these cells. Since both angiogenesis and osteoclast-mediated bone remodeling are involved in the fracture healing process, we hypothesized that GIT1 participates in the normal progression of repair following bone injury. In the present study, comparison of fracture healing in wild type (WT) and GIT1 KO mice revealed altered healing in mice with loss of GIT1 function. Alcian blue staining of fracture callus indicated a persistence of cartilagenous matrix in day 21 callus samples from GIT1 KO mice which was temporally correlated with increased type 2 collagen immunostaining. GIT1 KO mice also showed a decrease in chondrocyte proliferation and apoptosis at days 7 and 14, as determined by PCNA and TUNEL staining. Vascular microcomputed tomography analysis of callus samples at days 7, 14 and 21 revealed decreased blood vessel volume, number, and connection density in GIT1 KO mice compared to WT controls. Correlating with this, VEGF-A, phospho-VEGFR2 and PECAM1 (CD31) were decreased in GIT1 KO mice, indicating reduced angiogenesis with loss of GIT1. Finally, calluses from GIT1 KO mice displayed a reduced number of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts at days 14 and 21. Collectively, these results indicate that GIT1 is an important signaling participant in fracture healing, with gene ablation leading to reduced callus vascularity and reduced osteoclast number in the healing callus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Yin
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Orthopaedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tzong-Jen Sheu
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research and the Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Prashanthi Menon
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Jinjiang Pang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Hsin-Chiu Ho
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research and the Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Shanshan Shi
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research and the Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Chao Xie
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research and the Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Elaine Smolock
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Chen Yan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Zuscik
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research and the Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Bradford C. Berk
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Majumder S, Sowden MP, Gerber SA, Thomas T, Christie CK, Mohan A, Yin G, Lord EM, Berk BC, Pang J. G-protein-coupled receptor-2-interacting protein-1 is required for endothelial cell directional migration and tumor angiogenesis via cortactin-dependent lamellipodia formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 34:419-26. [PMID: 24265417 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent evidence suggests G-protein-coupled receptor-2-interacting protein-1 (GIT1) overexpression in several human metastatic tumors, including breast, lung, and prostate. Tumor metastasis is associated with an increase in angiogenesis. We have showed previously that GIT1 is required for postnatal angiogenesis during lung development. However, the functional role of GIT1 in pathological angiogenesis during tumor growth is unknown. APPROACH AND RESULTS In the present study, we show inhibition of angiogenesis in matrigel implants as well as reduced tumor angiogenesis and melanoma tumor growth in GIT1-knockout mice. We demonstrate that this is a result of impaired directional migration of GIT1-depleted endothelial cells toward a vascular endothelial growth factor gradient. Cortactin-mediated lamellipodia formation in the leading edge is critical for directional migration. We observed a significant reduction in cortactin localization and lamellipodia formation in the leading edge of GIT1-depleted endothelial cells. We specifically identified that the Spa homology domain (aa 250-420) of GIT1 is required for GIT1-cortactin complex localization to the leading edge. The mechanisms involved extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2-mediated Cortactin-S405 phosphorylation and activation of Rac1/Cdc42. Finally, using gain of function studies, we show that a constitutively active mutant of cortactin restored directional migration of GIT1-depleted cells. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that a GIT1-cortactin association through GIT1-Spa homology domain is required for cortactin localization to the leading edge and is essential for endothelial cell directional migration and tumor angiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Cycle Proteins/deficiency
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Cortactin/genetics
- Cortactin/metabolism
- GTPase-Activating Proteins/deficiency
- GTPase-Activating Proteins/genetics
- GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Melanoma, Experimental/blood supply
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Pseudopodia/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Signal Transduction
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/blood supply
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/genetics
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/metabolism
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Tumor Burden
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
- rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Syamantak Majumder
- From the Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY (S.M., M.P.S., T.T., C.K.C., A.M. G.Y., B.C.B., J.P.); and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (S.A.G., E.M.L.)
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33
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Kim GY, Nigro P, Fujiwara K, Abe JI, Berk BC. p62 binding to protein kinase C ζ regulates tumor necrosis factor α-induced apoptotic pathway in endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2974-80. [PMID: 23023376 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Protein kinase C (PKC) ζ is a key pathological mediator of endothelial cell apoptosis. p62 is a scaffold protein that regulates several cell signaling pathways by binding to target proteins. Because PKCζ and p62 contain Phox/Bem1p (PB1) modules that mediate protein-protein interactions, we hypothesized that an interaction between p62 and PKCζ is required for tumor necrosis factor α-induced PKCζ signaling in endothelial cells. METHODS AND RESULTS In human umbilical vein endothelial cell, tumor necrosis factor α (10 ng/mL) enhanced the interaction between p62 and PKCζ. Transfection with p62 small interfering RNA reduced the activation of both PKCζ and its downstream targets JNK and caspase 3, suggesting that p62 is necessary for PKCζ signaling. Overexpression of only the PB1 domain of p62 inhibited p62-PKCζ interaction, showing that binding of these 2 proteins is mediated by their PB1 domains. Furthermore, overexpression of the p62 PB1 domain suppressed tumor necrosis factor α-induced PKCζ activation and subsequent activation of JNK and caspase 3. Finally, transfection of either p62 small interfering RNA or the PB1 domain of p62 inhibited human umbilical vein endothelial cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a novel function of p62 that regulates the activity of PKCζ by binding to PKCζ, thereby activating the PKCζ-JNK-caspase 3 apoptotic pathway in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun-Young Kim
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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34
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Wang X, Liao S, Nelson ER, Schmalzigaug R, Spurney RF, Guilak F, Premont RT, Gesty-Palmer D. The cytoskeletal regulatory scaffold protein GIT2 modulates mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and osteoblastogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 425:407-12. [PMID: 22846567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein 2 (GIT2) is a signaling scaffold protein involved in the regulation of cytoskeletal structure, membrane trafficking, and G protein-coupled receptor internalization. Since dynamic cytoskeletal reorganization plays key roles both in osteoblast differentiation and in the maintenance of osteoclast polarity during bone resorption, we hypothesized that skeletal physiology would be altered in GIT2(-/-) mice. We found that adult GIT2(-/-) mice have decreased bone mineral density and bone volume in both the trabecular and cortical compartments. This osteopenia was associated with decreased numbers of mature osteoblasts, diminished osteoblastic activity, and increased marrow adiposity, suggesting a defect in osteoblast maturation. In vitro, mesenchymal stem cells derived from GIT2(-/-) mice exhibited impaired differentiation into osteoblasts and increased adipocyte differentiation, consistent with a role for GIT2 in mesenchymal stem cell fate determination. Despite elevated osteoclast inducing cytokines and osteoclast numbers, GIT2(-/-) mice also exhibit impaired bone resorption, consistent with a further role for GIT2 in regulating osteoclast function. Collectively, these findings underscore the importance of the cytoskeleton in both osteoblast and osteoclast function and demonstrate that GIT2 plays essential roles in skeletal metabolism, affecting both bone formation and bone resorption in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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35
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RUI ZE, LI XIANG, FAN JIN, REN YONGXIN, YUAN YUFENG, HUA ZHENGZHE, ZHANG NING, YIN GUOYONG. GIT1Y321 phosphorylation is required for ERK1/2- and PDGF-dependent VEGF secretion from osteoblasts to promote angiogenesis and bone healing. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:819-25. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Novel tyrosine kinase signaling pathways: implications in vascular remodeling. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2012; 21:122-7. [PMID: 22240445 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0b013e3283503ce9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the recent advances in molecular mechanisms by which five classes of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) contribute to vascular remodeling. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings have expanded our knowledge regarding RTK regulation. In particular, G-protein-coupled receptors, mineralocorticoid receptors, mechanical and oxidative stresses transactivate RTKs. These receptors are highly interactive with many downstream targets (including tyrosine kinases and other RTKs) and function as key regulatory nodes in a dynamic signaling network. Interactions between vascular and nonvascular (immune and neuronal) cells are controlled by RTKs in vascular remodeling. Inhibition of RTKs could be an advantageous therapeutic strategy for vascular disorders. SUMMARY RTK-dependent signaling is important for regulation of key functions during vascular remodeling. However, current challenges are related to integration of the data on multiple RTKs in vascular pathology.
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37
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Phosphorylation of GIT1 tyrosine 321 is required for association with FAK at focal adhesions and for PDGF-activated migration of osteoblasts. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 365:109-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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38
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Liu S, Premont RT, Rockey DC. G-protein-coupled receptor kinase interactor-1 (GIT1) is a new endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) interactor with functional effects on vascular homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:12309-20. [PMID: 22294688 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.320465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell nitric-oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), the enzyme responsible for synthesis of NO in the vasculature, undergoes extensive post-translational modifications that modulate its activity. Here we have identified a novel eNOS interactor, G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase interactor-1 (GIT1), which plays an unexpected role in GPCR stimulated NO signaling. GIT1 interacted with eNOS in the endothelial cell cytoplasm, and this robust association was associated with stimulatory eNOS phosphorylation (Ser(1177)), enzyme activation, and NO synthesis. GIT1 knockdown had the opposite effect. Additionally, GIT1 expression was reduced in sinusoidal endothelial cells after liver injury, consistent with previously described endothelial dysfunction in this disease. Re-expression of GIT1 after liver injury rescued the endothelial phenotype. These data emphasize the role of GPCR signaling partners in eNOS function and have fundamental implications for vascular disorders involving dysregulated eNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songling Liu
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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39
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Liu J, Zeng L, Kennedy RM, Gruenig NM, Childs SJ. βPix plays a dual role in cerebral vascular stability and angiogenesis, and interacts with integrin αvβ8. Dev Biol 2011; 363:95-105. [PMID: 22206757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The growth of new blood vessels by angiogenesis and their stabilization by the recruitment of perivascular mural cells are thought to be two sequential, yet independent events. Here we identify molecular links between both processes through the βPix and integrin α(v)β(8) proteins. Bubblehead (bbh) mutants with a genetic mutation in βPix show defective vascular stabilization. βPix is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor and scaffold protein that binds many proteins including Git1, which bridges βPix to integrins at focal adhesions. Here we show that the ability of βPix to stabilize vessels requires Git1 binding residues. Knockdown of Git1 leads to a hemorrhage phenotype similar to loss of integrin α(v), integrin β(8) or βPix, suggesting that vascular stabilization through βPix involves interactions with integrins. Furthermore, double loss of function of βPix and integrin α(v) shows enhanced hemorrhage rates. Not only is vascular stability impaired in these embryos, but we also uncover a novel role of both βPix and integrin α(v)β(8) in cerebral angiogenesis. Downregulation of either βPix or integrin α(v)β(8) results in fewer and morphologically abnormal cerebral arteries penetrating the hindbrain. We show that this is coupled with a significant reduction in endothelial cell proliferation in bbh mutants or integrin α(v)β(8) morphants. These data suggest that a complex involving βPix, GIT1 and integrin α(v)β(8) may regulate vascular stability, cerebral angiogenesis and endothelial cell proliferation in the developing embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Smooth Muscle Research Group, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
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40
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Pang J, Xu X, Getman MR, Shi X, Belmonte SL, Michaloski H, Mohan A, Blaxall BC, Berk BC. G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 interacting protein 1 (GIT1) is a novel regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis in heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 51:769-76. [PMID: 21756914 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-kinase interacting protein-1 (GIT1) is a multi-function scaffold protein. However, little is known about its physiological role in the heart. Here we sought to identify the cardiac function of GIT1. Global GIT1 knockout (KO) mice were generated and exhibited significant cardiac hypertrophy that progressed to heart failure. Electron microscopy revealed that the hearts of GIT1 KO mice demonstrated significant morphological abnormities in mitochondria, including decreased mitochondrial volume density, cristae density and increased vacuoles. Moreover, mitochondrial biogenesis-related gene peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) co-activator-1α (PGC-1α), PGC-1β, mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) expression, and total mitochondrial DNA were remarkably decreased in hearts of GIT1 KO mice. These animals also had impaired mitochondrial function, as evidenced by reduced ATP production and dissipated mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψ(m)) in adult cardiomyocytes. Concordant with these mitochondrial observations, GIT1 KO mice showed enhanced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction. In conclusion, our findings identify GIT1 as a new regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and function, which is necessary for postnatal cardiac maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjiang Pang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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41
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Neonatal hyperoxia causes pulmonary vascular disease and shortens life span in aging mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:2601-10. [PMID: 21550015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a chronic lung disease observed in premature infants requiring oxygen supplementation and ventilation. Although the use of exogenous surfactant and protective ventilation strategies has improved survival, the long-term pulmonary consequences of neonatal hyperoxia are unknown. Here, we investigate whether neonatal hyperoxia alters pulmonary function in aging mice. By 67 weeks of age, mice exposed to 100% oxygen between postnatal days 1 to 4 showed significantly a shortened life span (56.6% survival, n = 53) compared to siblings exposed to room air as neonates (100% survival, n = 47). Survivors had increased lung compliance and decreased elastance. There was also right ventricular hypertrophy and pathological evidence for pulmonary hypertension, defined by reduction of the distal microvasculature and the presence of numerous dilated arterioles expressing von Willebrand factor and α-smooth muscle actin. Consistent with recent literature implicating bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in pulmonary vascular disease, BMP receptors and downstream phospho-Smad1/5/8 were reduced in lungs of aging mice exposed to neonatal oxygen. BMP signaling alterations were not observed in 8-week-old mice. These data suggest that loss of BMP signaling in aged mice exposed to neonatal oxygen is associated with a shortened life span, pulmonary vascular disease, and associated cardiac failure. People exposed to hyperoxia as neonates may be at increased risk for pulmonary hypertension.
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42
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The cell adhesion-associated protein Git2 regulates morphogenetic movements during zebrafish embryonic development. Dev Biol 2010; 349:225-37. [PMID: 21034731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Signaling through cell adhesion complexes plays a critical role in coordinating cytoskeletal remodeling necessary for efficient cell migration. During embryonic development, normal morphogenesis depends on a series of concerted cell movements; but the roles of cell adhesion signaling during these movements are poorly understood. The transparent zebrafish embryo provides an excellent system to study cell migration during development. Here, we have identified zebrafish git2a and git2b, two new members of the GIT family of genes that encode ArfGAP proteins associated with cell adhesions. Loss-of-function studies revealed an essential role for Git2a in zebrafish cell movements during gastrulation. Time-lapse microscopy analysis demonstrated that antisense depletion of Git2a greatly reduced or arrested cell migration towards the vegetal pole of the embryo. These defects were rescued by expression of chicken GIT2, indicating a specific and conserved role for Git2 in controlling embryonic cell movements. Git2a knockdown embryos showed defects in cell morphology that were associated with reduced cell contractility. We show that Git2a is required for phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC), which regulates myosin II-mediated cell contractility. Consistent with this, embryos treated with Blebbistatin-a small molecule inhibitor for myosin II activity-exhibited cell movement defects similar to git2a knockdown embryos. These observations provide in vivo evidence of a physiologic role for Git2a in regulating cell morphogenesis and directed cell migration via myosin II activation during zebrafish embryonic development.
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Menon P, Yin G, Smolock EM, Zuscik MJ, Yan C, Berk BC. GPCR kinase 2 interacting protein 1 (GIT1) regulates osteoclast function and bone mass. J Cell Physiol 2010; 225:777-85. [PMID: 20568227 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 2 interacting protein-1 (GIT1) is a scaffold protein expressed in various cell types including neurons, endothelial, and vascular smooth muscle cells. The GIT1 knockout (KO) mouse has a pulmonary phenotype due to impaired endothelial function. Because GIT1 is tyrosine phosphorylated by Src kinase, we anticipated that GIT1 KO should have a bone phenotype similar to Src KO. Microcomputed tomography of the long bones revealed that GIT1 KO mice have a 2.3-fold increase in bone mass compared to wild-type controls. Histomorphometry showed increased trabecular number and connectivity suggesting impaired bone remodeling. Immunoblot analysis of GIT1 expression showed that it was expressed in both osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Osteoblast activity and function assayed by alkaline phosphatase, mineral nodule formation, and in vivo calcein labeling were normal in GIT1 KO mice suggesting that the observed increase in bone mass was due to an osteoclast defect. GIT1 KO bone marrow cells differentiated into multinucleated osteoclasts, but had defective bone resorbing function on dentin slices. This defect was likely caused by loss of podosome belt based on immunofluorescence analysis and previous studies showing that GIT1 is required for podosome formation. Furthermore, we found that GIT1 was a regulator of receptor activator of NFκB (RANK) signaling since it was tyrosine phosphorylated in a Src-dependent manner and was required for phospholipase C-γ2 phosphorylation. These data show that GIT1 is a key regulator of bone mass in vivo by regulating osteoclast function and suggest GIT1 as a potential target for osteoporosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanthi Menon
- Department of Medicine and Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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Wang J, Yin G, Menon P, Pang J, Smolock EM, Yan C, Berk BC. Phosphorylation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2-interacting protein 1 tyrosine 392 is required for phospholipase C-gamma activation and podosome formation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:1976-82. [PMID: 20689073 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.212415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Podosomes, which are actin-rich structures, contribute to cell motility, matrix remodeling, and tissue remodeling. We have shown that G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2-interacting protein 1 (GIT1) colocalizes with podosomes and is important in podosome formation in endothelial cells. Src stimulates GIT1 tyrosine phosphorylation, which is critical for phospholipase C-γ (PLCγ) activation. In this study, we identified specific GIT1 tyrosines required for PLCγ activation and podosome formation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). METHODS AND RESULTS We used phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBU) to induce podosomes in A7r5 VSMC. GIT1 colocalized with podosomes and GIT1 knockdown using short interfering RNA significantly reduced podosome formation. PDBU stimulated GIT1 tyrosine phosphorylation. GIT1 tyrosine phosphorylation was dramatically decreased in SYF-/- cells, and it was also reduced by pretreatment with the protein kinase C (PKC) and Src inhibitors, suggesting that GIT1 phosphorylation was dependent on PKC and Src. By mutation analysis of multiple tyrosines, we found that PDBU specifically increased GIT1-Y392 phosphorylation. Overexpression of GIT1 (Y392F) but not of GIT1 (Y321F) decreased PDBU-mediated PLCγ activation and podosome formation without effect on extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation. Additionally, we provide evidence that GIT1 knockout VSMC have markedly fewer podosomes on PDBU treatment compared with wild-type VSMC. These data show that GIT1 is a key regulator of podosome formation in VSMC. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our data suggest that GIT1-Y392 phosphorylation is critical for PDBU-induced podosome formation by regulating PLCγ activation. We propose that specific signaling modules are assembled in a GIT1 phosphotyrosine-dependent manner as exemplified by PLCγ activation versus extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Yu JA, Deakin NO, Turner CE. Emerging role of paxillin-PKL in regulation of cell adhesion, polarity and migration. Cell Adh Migr 2010; 4:342-7. [PMID: 20372092 DOI: 10.4161/cam.4.3.11406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion and motility is of fundamental importance during development, normal physiology and pathologic conditions such as tumor metastasis. Focal adhesion proteins and their dynamic interactions play a critical role in the regulation of directed cell migration upon exposure to extracellular guidance cues. Using a combination of pharmacological inhibitors, knockout and knockdown cells and mutant protein expression, we recently reported that following adhesion and growth factor stimulation the dynamic interaction between paxillin and PKL(GIT2) is regulated by Src/FAK-dependent phosphorylation of PKL and that this interaction is necessary for the coordination of Rho family GTPase signaling controlling front-rear cell polarity and thus directional migration. Herein, we discuss the implications of these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin A Yu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Menon P, Deane R, Sagare A, Lane SM, Zarcone TJ, O'Dell MR, Yan C, Zlokovic BV, Berk BC. Impaired spine formation and learning in GPCR kinase 2 interacting protein-1 (GIT1) knockout mice. Brain Res 2010; 1317:218-26. [PMID: 20043896 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)-kinase interacting proteins 1 and 2 (GIT1 and GIT2) are scaffold proteins with ADP-ribosylating factor GTPase activity. GIT1 and GIT2 control numerous cellular functions and are highly expressed in neurons, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. GIT1 promotes dendritic spine formation, growth and motility in cultured neurons, but its role in brain in vivo is unknown. By using global GIT1 knockout mice (GIT1 KO), we show that compared to WT controls, deletion of GIT1 results in markedly reduced dendritic length and spine density in the hippocampus by 36.7% (p<0.0106) and 35.1% (p<0.0028), respectively. This correlated with their poor adaptation to new environments as shown by impaired performance on tasks dependent on learning. We also studied the effect of GIT1 gene deletion on brain microcirculation. In contrast to findings in systemic circulation, GIT1 KO mice had an intact blood-brain barrier and normal regional cerebral blood flow as determined with radiotracers. Thus, our data suggest that GIT1 plays an important role in brain in vivo by regulating spine density involved in synaptic plasticity that is required for processes involved in learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanthi Menon
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Schmalzigaug R, Rodriguiz RM, Bonner PE, Davidson CE, Wetsel WC, Premont RT. Impaired fear response in mice lacking GIT1. Neurosci Lett 2009; 458:79-83. [PMID: 19383529 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2008] [Revised: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein 1 (GIT1) belongs to the family of Arf GAP proteins and has been implicated in the regulation of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) sequestration, cell migration, synapse formation and dendritic spine morphogenesis in neurons. To extend these cellular studies on GIT1 to an in vivo system, we generated mice with globally inactivated Git1 gene by breeding mice carrying a conditional Git1(flox) allele with mice expressing the CMV-Cre transgene. Although many GIT1 knockout (GIT1-KO) animals died shortly after birth, homozygous mutants that survived the early post-partum period developed normally into adulthood and were fertile. Behavioral analyses of adult GIT1-KO mice revealed normal exploratory, anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. However, GIT1-KO mice show impaired responses to fear conditioning and fear-potentiated startle. Overall, these findings suggest that GIT1 is involved in the regulation of amygdala-mediated experience-based emotional behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schmalzigaug
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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