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Santos L. The impact of nutrition and lifestyle modification on health. Eur J Intern Med 2022; 97:18-25. [PMID: 34670680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The main recommendations from public health entities include healthy diets and physical activity as the main lifestyle factors impacting the development of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, cancer, and even neurological diseases. Randomized clinical trials have been designed to demonstrate those lifestyle modifications can change the pattern of chronic diseases development and progression. Among these, nutrition is one of the most impacting factors. Therefore, nutrition and diets were also included in different randomized clinical trials, and most of them showed a favorable impact of nutrition modification on the participant's health. Nevertheless, study designs were considerably different, and future studies are needed to support nutrition modifications further. The choice of a healthy considered diet, like the Mediterranean diet, was shown to impact chronic diseases, cardiovascular risk, and adult life expectancy mainly due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, a high intake of fibers, fruits, and vegetables together with a low intake of fat and energy-dense, processed foods contribute to an inflammation reduction and a more robust immune system leading. Besides these well-known properties, all lifestyle modifications must be personalized according to the availability of foods, geographic localizations, and the healthy status of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lèlita Santos
- Internal Medicine Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIMAGO Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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Alshaikh BN, Reyes Loredo A, Knauff M, Momin S, Moossavi S. The Role of Dietary Fats in the Development and Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Nutrients 2021; 14:145. [PMID: 35011027 PMCID: PMC8746672 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. The pathogenesis of NEC is not completely understood; however, intestinal immaturity and excessive immunoreactivity of intestinal mucosa to intraluminal microbes and nutrients appear to have critical roles. Dietary fats are not only the main source of energy for preterm infants, but also exert potent effects on intestinal development, intestinal microbial colonization, immune function, and inflammatory response. Preterm infants have a relatively low capacity to digest and absorb triglyceride fat. Fat may thereby accumulate in the ileum and contribute to the development of NEC by inducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Some fat components, such as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), also exert immunomodulatory roles during the early postnatal period when the immune system is rapidly developing. LC-PUFAs may have the ability to modulate the inflammatory process of NEC, particularly when the balance between n3 and n6 LC-PUFAs derivatives is maintained. Supplementation with n3 LC-PUFAs alone may have limited effect on NEC prevention. In this review, we describe how various fatty acids play different roles in the pathogenesis of NEC in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belal N Alshaikh
- Neonatal Nutrition and Gastroenterology Program, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Adriana Reyes Loredo
- Neonatal Nutrition and Gastroenterology Program, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Megan Knauff
- Nutrition Services, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Sarfaraz Momin
- Neonatal Nutrition and Gastroenterology Program, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Shirin Moossavi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
- International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
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Karpyn A, Pon J, Grajeda SB, Wang R, Merritt KE, Tracy T, May H, Sawyer-Morris G, Humphrey DL, Hunt A. Purchases, Consumption, and BMI of SNAP Farmers’ Market Shoppers. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2021.1997860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Karpyn
- Center for Research in Education and Social Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Julia Pon
- Wholesome Wave, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sara Bernice Grajeda
- Center for Research in Education and Social Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Center for Research in Education and Social Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | | | - Tara Tracy
- Center for Research in Education and Social Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Henry May
- Center for Research in Education and Social Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Ginnie Sawyer-Morris
- Human Development & Family Sciences, The University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - D. Layne Humphrey
- Center for Research in Education and Social Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Alan Hunt
- Wholesome Wave, Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA
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Luongo C, Randazzo E, Iughetti L, DI Iorgi N, Loche S, Maghnie M, Valerio G, Delvecchio M. Cardiometabolic risk in childhood cancer survivors. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2021; 73:588-605. [PMID: 34309347 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.21.06544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Italian Cancer Registry Association has estimated that for the five-year period 2016-2020, in line with the previous five years, approximately 7,000 neoplasms have been diagnosed among children and 4,000 among adolescents. Leukemias, brain tumors and lymphomas together account for more than two-thirds of all pediatric cancers. Fortunately, the five-years survival rate has progressively improved reaching 80% thanks to the continuing improvement of therapeutic protocols but the vast majority of these cancer survivors will have at least one chronic health condition by 40 years of age. Long-term complications concern various organs and systems and have a multifactorial etiopathogenesis. Obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome represent chronic diseases that affect life expectancy. Cardiovascular risk partly linked to therapies and genetic susceptibility and partly linked to the presence of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome predispose childhood cancer survivors to heart failure, coronary artery disease, valvular disease, arrhythmia. Hence the cardio- metabolic risk of childhood cancer survivors can have a significant impact on their lives, families, and on society at-large. It is therefore very important to know the risk factors that predispose to the development of cardio-metabolic pathologies in childhood cancer survivors, the possible primary and secondary prevention strategies, the methods of surveillance and the therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Luongo
- Department of Woman, Child, General and Specialized Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Emioli Randazzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Natascia DI Iorgi
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Sandro Loche
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico A Cao, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mohamad Maghnie
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Giuliana Valerio
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Delvecchio
- Metabolic Disorders and Genetic Unit, Giovanni XXIII Children Hospital, Bari, Italy -
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Rudchenko IV, Tyrenko VV, Kachnov VA. Nutrition as one of the important factors in prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2020. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The article discusses the issues of nutrition types and related effects on cardiovascular disease, the potential benefits of a particular diet for the cardiovascular system. The problems in studying the nutrition effect on cardiovascular diseases are characterized. Special attention is paid to the plant-based diet and its effect on atherosclerosis. An analysis of PURE (Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological) study, which contains a modern view of the diet and the development of cardiovascular diseases, is carried out.
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Barbosa V, Maulvault AL, Anacleto P, Santos M, Mai M, Oliveira H, Delgado I, Coelho I, Barata M, Araújo‐Luna R, Ribeiro L, Eljasik P, Sobczak M, Sadowski J, Tórz A, Panicz R, Dias J, Pousão-Ferreira P, Carvalho ML, Martins M, Marques A. Enriched feeds with iodine and selenium from natural and sustainable sources to modulate farmed gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fillets elemental nutritional value. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 140:111330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Effects of an Omega-3 and Vitamin D Supplement on Fatty Acids and Vitamin D Serum Levels in Double-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Trials in Healthy and Crohn's Disease Populations. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041139. [PMID: 32325778 PMCID: PMC7230517 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two trials separately measured the bioavailability and impact on inflammation of a supplement taken daily containing 510 mg Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 344 mg Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and 1000 IU of vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D; 25(OH)D), for healthy and Crohn’s disease (CD) populations. Both trials were double blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled with cross-over. Participants were randomly allocated to groups A (placebo then supplement) or B (supplement then placebo). Both included a washout. Fatty acid (N-3 PUFAs) and vitamin D serum levels, plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), and stool calprotectin were measured before and after each treatment period. Outcome measures were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models, including terms for treatment, period, and a treatment-by-period interaction. The supplement significantly increased serum levels in healthy and CD groups for EPA (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively), Docosapentaenoic acid (p < 0.001 and 0.005), DHA (p < 0.001 and 0.006), the omega-3 index (p < 0.001 and 0.001), and (vitamin D (p < 0.001 and 0.027). CRP and calprotectin measures showed no evidence of a treatment effect on inflammation; however, model estimation was imprecise for both outcomes, hence further research is required to elucidate potential inflammation effects. The nutrient supplement increased serum levels of key N-3 PUFAs and vitamin D in both populations, showing the preparation was readily bioavailable.
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Cai H, Qin YL, Shi ZY, Chen JH, Zeng MJ, Zhou W, Chen RQ, Chen ZY. Effects of alternate-day fasting on body weight and dyslipidaemia in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Gastroenterol 2019; 19:219. [PMID: 31852444 PMCID: PMC6921505 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-019-1132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alternate-day fasting (ADF) is a novel diet therapy that may achieve reduction in body weight and improvement of dyslipidaemia, but the impact of this diet on patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ADF on the body weight and lipid profile of individuals with NAFLD. Methods NAFLD patients (n = 271) were randomised to the ADF group, time-restricted feeding (TRF) group, or the control group and subjected to the respective diet for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements (body weight, fat mass/fat-free mass) were performed, and plasma lipids were analysed enzymatically. Results Within 4 weeks, the body weight decreased significantly (P < 0.001) in the ADF group by 4.56 ± 0.41 kg (6.1 ± 0.5%) and the TRF group by 3.62 ± 0.65 kg (4.83 ± 0.9%) compared to the control group, and it decreased even more after 12 weeks in both groups (ADF: − 4.04 ± 0.54 kg, 5.4 ± 0.7%; TRF: − 3.25 ± 0.67 kg, 4.3 ± 0.9%). Fat mass was significantly reduced by ADF (− 3.49 ± 0.37 kg; 11 ± 1.2%) and TRF (− 2.91 ± 0.41 kg; 9.6 ± 1.3%), with ADF leading to a further reduction in fat mass after 12 weeks (− 3.48 ± 0.38 kg; 11 ± 1.2%). Total cholesterol was significantly decreased at both time points in the ADF group (− 0.91 ± 0.07 mmol/L; 18.5 ± 1.5%) compared to the control and TRF groups. Both ADF (− 0.64 ± 0.06 mmol/L; 25 ± 1.9%) and TRF (0.58 ± 0.07 mmol/L; 20 ± 1.7%) achieved a significant reduction in serum triglycerides (P < 0.001) after 12 weeks. Changes in fat free mass, HDL, LDL, fasting insulin, glucose, liver stiffness, and systolic or diastolic blood pressure did not differ between the groups. Conclusions ADF appears to be an effective diet therapy for individuals with NAFLD that can achieve weight loss and improvement of dyslipidaemia within a relatively short period of time (4 to 12 weeks). Potential preventive effects of ADF on cardiovascular disease need to be confirmed by future investigations. Trial registration ChiCTR1900024411, this trial was retrospectively registered on July 10, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial People' Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Human Normal University, Jiefang Road West, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Yue-Lan Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial People' Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Human Normal University, Jiefang Road West, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Ze-Ya Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial People' Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Human Normal University, Jiefang Road West, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Jin-Hui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial People' Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Human Normal University, Jiefang Road West, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Min-Jie Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial People' Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Human Normal University, Jiefang Road West, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial People' Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Human Normal University, Jiefang Road West, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Ru-Qun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial People' Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Human Normal University, Jiefang Road West, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial People' Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Human Normal University, Jiefang Road West, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China.
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Driver S, Juengst S, McShan EE, Bennett M, Bell K, Dubiel R. A randomized controlled trial protocol for people with traumatic brain injury enrolled in a healthy lifestyle program (GLB-TBI). Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2019; 14:100328. [PMID: 30775611 PMCID: PMC6365803 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Weight gain is prevalent among people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may be attributable to environmental or injury-specific factors such as mobility impairment, endocrine dysfunction, behavioral and emotional disorders, and sensory loss. Few weight management programs exist to meet the unique needs of this population. Researchers modified a nationally recognized, evidence-based weight-loss program, Group Lifestyle Balance™ (GLB), to address the needs of over-weight and obese people post TBI (GLB-TBI). This current randomized controlled trial (RCT) examines the efficacy of the GLB-TBI on weight and secondary outcomes compared to an attention control educational support group. Furthermore, researchers have developed a mobile technology app to further engage participants in the program. This RCT will enroll and randomize 66 participants over a two-year period. It is anticipated that findings from this current RCT will contribute to the knowledge and evidence for an effective weight-loss intervention among this underserved population, with a goal of achieving full recognition by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-National Diabetes Prevention Program and subsequent Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services reimbursement for participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Driver
- North Texas Traumatic Brain Injury Model System, USA
- Baylor Scott and White Institute for Rehabilitation, 909 N. Washington, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Shannon Juengst
- North Texas Traumatic Brain Injury Model System, USA
- University of Texas at Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Evan Elizabeth McShan
- North Texas Traumatic Brain Injury Model System, USA
- Baylor Scott and White Institute for Rehabilitation, 909 N. Washington, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Monica Bennett
- North Texas Traumatic Brain Injury Model System, USA
- Baylor Scott and White Health, 8080 N. Central Expy, Dallas, TX, 75206, USA
| | - Kathleen Bell
- North Texas Traumatic Brain Injury Model System, USA
- University of Texas at Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Rosemary Dubiel
- North Texas Traumatic Brain Injury Model System, USA
- Baylor Scott and White Institute for Rehabilitation, 909 N. Washington, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
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Rippe JM. Lifestyle Strategies for Risk Factor Reduction, Prevention, and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. Am J Lifestyle Med 2019; 13:204-212. [PMID: 30800027 PMCID: PMC6378495 DOI: 10.1177/1559827618812395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Daily habits and actions powerfully affect the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), in general, and coronary heart disease, in particular. Regular physical activity, sound nutrition, weight management, and not smoking cigarettes have all been demonstrated to significantly reduce the risk of CVD. In 2 large cohort studies a reduction of risk of CVD of >80% and diabetes >90% were demonstrated in individuals who followed a cluster of these lifestyle practices. The study of the impact of lifestyle factors on CVD risk has coalesced under the framework of "lifestyle medicine." Despite the overwhelming evidence that lifestyle factors affect CVD, a distinct minority of individuals are following these practices. The American Heart Association estimates that only 5% of individuals follow all of these lifestyle factors as components of a strategy to achieve "ideal" cardiovascular health. The challenge to the medical and health care communities is to more aggressively incorporate this information into the daily practices of medicine.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic condition where low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor defects cause severe elevations of LDL cholesterol. As significant LDL-lowering effects are needed, medication is considered the cornerstone of therapy, and dietary therapy has received less emphasis. This review will re-visit older studies of diet intervention and new insights from genetic and mechanistic studies to determine the value of diet management for familial hypercholesterolemia patients. RECENT FINDINGS Saturated fat reduction improves cardiovascular outcomes, particularly in those with genetic predisposition to risk. Secular trends in saturated fat intake may have improved familial hypercholesterolemia outcomes. Dietary mechanisms of LDL cholesterol-lowering complement pharmacologic approaches. SUMMARY Diet treatment adds incremental health benefit to pharmacologic treatment in familial hypercholesterolemia.
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Rippe JM. Lifestyle Medicine: The Health Promoting Power of Daily Habits and Practices. Am J Lifestyle Med 2018; 12:499-512. [PMID: 30783405 PMCID: PMC6367881 DOI: 10.1177/1559827618785554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no longer any serious doubt that daily habits and actions profoundly affect both short-term and long-term health and quality of life. This concept is supported by literally thousands of research articles and incorporated in multiple evidence-based guidelines for the prevention and/or treatment of chronic metabolic diseases. The study of how habits and actions affect both prevention and treatment of diseases has coalesced around the concept of "lifestyle medicine." The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date summary of many of the modalities fundamental to lifestyle medicine, including physical activity, proper nutrition, weight management, and cigarette smoking cessation. This review will also focus specifically on how these modalities are employed both in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases including coronary heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. The review concludes with a Call to Action challenging the medical community to embrace the modalities of lifestyle medicine in the daily practice of medicine.
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Kwon S, Na Y. Distribution of the Fasting Lipid Levels and Validation of the Reference Interval in Korean Adolescents. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2018.50.3.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seyoung Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Daegu Health College, Daegu, Korea
| | - Youngak Na
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Daegu Health College, Daegu, Korea
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Ivens BJ, Smith Edge M. Translating the Dietary Guidelines to Promote Behavior Change: Perspectives from the Food and Nutrition Science Solutions Joint Task Force. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018; 116:1697-1702. [PMID: 27671762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Azzini E, Maiani G, Turrini A, Intorre F, Lo Feudo G, Capone R, Bottalico F, El Bilali H, Polito A. The health-nutrition dimension: a methodological approach to assess the nutritional sustainability of typical agro-food products and the Mediterranean diet. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:3684-3705. [PMID: 29315588 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this paper is to provide a methodological approach to evaluate the nutritional sustainability of typical agro-food products, representing Mediterranean eating habits and included in the Mediterranean food pyramid. RESULTS For each group of foods, suitable and easily measurable indicators were identified. Two macro-indicators were used to assess the nutritional sustainability of each product. The first macro-indicator, called 'business distinctiveness', takes into account the application of different regulations and standards regarding quality, safety and traceability as well as the origin of raw materials. The second macro-indicator, called 'nutritional quality', assesses product nutritional quality taking into account the contents of key compounds including micronutrients and bioactive phytochemicals. For each indicator a 0-10 scoring system was set up, with scores from 0 (unsustainable) to 10 (very sustainable), with 5 as a sustainability benchmark value. The benchmark value is the value from which a product can be considered sustainable. A simple formula was developed to produce a sustainability index. CONCLUSION The proposed sustainability index could be considered a useful tool to describe both the qualitative and quantitative value of micronutrients and bioactive phytochemical present in foodstuffs. This methodological approach can also be applied beyond the Mediterranean, to food products in other world regions. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Azzini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maiani
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Aida Turrini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Intorre
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Lo Feudo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Roberto Capone
- International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies of Bari (CIHEAM-Bari), Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Bottalico
- International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies of Bari (CIHEAM-Bari), Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Hamid El Bilali
- International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies of Bari (CIHEAM-Bari), Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Polito
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
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Kroeger CM, Trepanowski JF, Klempel MC, Barnosky A, Bhutani S, Gabel K, Varady KA. Eating behavior traits of successful weight losers during 12 months of alternate-day fasting: An exploratory analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Nutr Health 2018; 24:5-10. [PMID: 29353535 PMCID: PMC7183822 DOI: 10.1177/0260106017753487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternate-day fasting (ADF) has gained popularity in recent years. The diet consists of a "fast day" where an individual consumes 0-25% of their energy needs, alternated with a "feast day" where a person is permitted to eat ad libitum. AIM This study examined eating behavior traits of successful weight losers during alternate day fasting. METHODS Obese participants ( n = 34) took part in 12 months of ADF and were grouped into a high (≥5%) or low-weight-loss (<5%) group post-treatment. RESULTS The high-weight-loss group demonstrated increased ( p = 0.04) fullness, decreased ( p = 0.03) hunger, increased dietary protein intake (15% to 20% of kcal, p = 0.04), and better adherence to fast-day calorie goals. CONCLUSIONS Thus, individuals who achieve clinically significant weight loss with ADF demonstrate improved satiety, increased protein intake, and better adherence to fast-day calorie goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Kroeger
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - John F Trepanowski
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - Monica C Klempel
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - Adrienne Barnosky
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - Surabhi Bhutani
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - Kelsey Gabel
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - Krista A Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
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Waldman HS, Krings BM, Smith JW, McAllister MJ. A shift toward a high-fat diet in the current metabolic paradigm: A new perspective. Nutrition 2018; 46:33-35. [PMID: 29290352 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigations into the relationship between dietary carbohydrate restriction and health are mixed. Current guidelines for nutrition promote low-fat foods and higher carbohydrate consumption for optimal health and weight loss. However, high-fat, low-carbohydrate diets are revealing both intra- and extracellular adaptations that have been shown to elicit favorable cardiometabolic changes associated with obesity. Moreover, dietary fat is associated with higher satiety levels from the hormones adiponectin, leptin, and cholecystokinin. Additionally, insulin responses from high-glycemic carbohydrates are known to alter these pathways, potentially leading to an increase in energy consumption and a possible mechanism for obesity. CONCLUSION There is convincing evidence of beneficial effects of controlled trials implementing high-fat, low-carbohydrate diets in both sedentary and obese individuals, but longer duration clinical trials are required to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter S Waldman
- Applied Physiology Lab, Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA.
| | - Benjamin M Krings
- Applied Physiology Lab, Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - JohnEric W Smith
- Applied Physiology Lab, Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Matthew J McAllister
- Applied Physiology Lab, Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
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Barnosky A, Kroeger CM, Trepanowski JF, Klempel MC, Bhutani S, Hoddy KK, Gabel K, Shapses SA, Varady KA. Effect of alternate day fasting on markers of bone metabolism: An exploratory analysis of a 6-month randomized controlled trial. NUTRITION AND HEALTHY AGING 2017; 4:255-263. [PMID: 29276795 PMCID: PMC5734119 DOI: 10.3233/nha-170031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternate day fasting (ADF) is a novel diet therapy that reduces body weight, but its effect on bone health remains unknown. OBJECTIVE This study examined the impact of ADF versus traditional daily calorie restriction (CR) on markers of bone metabolism in a 6-month randomized controlled trial. METHODS Overweight and obese subjects (n = 100) were randomized to 1 of 3 groups for 6 months: 1) ADF (25% energy intake fast day, alternated with 125% intake feast day; 2) CR (75% intake every day); or 3) control (usual intake every day). RESULTS Body weight decreased similarly (P < 0.001) by ADF (-7.8±1.2%) and CR (-8.8±1.5%), relative to controls by month 6. Lean mass, total body bone mineral content and total body bone mineral density remained unchanged in all groups. Circulating osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase, and C-terminal telopeptide type I collagen (CTX) did not change in any group. IGF-1 increased (P < 0.01) in the CR group, with no change in the ADF or control group. When the data were sub-analyzed according to menopausal status, there were no differences between premenopausal or postmenopausal women for any marker of bone metabolism. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that 6 months of ADF does not have any deleterious impact on markers of bone metabolism in obese adults with moderate weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Barnosky
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Wheaton Franciscan Healthcare, Ascension, Wauwatosa, WI, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Kroeger
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John F. Trepanowski
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Monica C. Klempel
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Surabhi Bhutani
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristin K. Hoddy
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kelsey Gabel
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sue A. Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Krista A. Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Freeman AM, Morris PB, Barnard N, Esselstyn CB, Ros E, Agatston A, Devries S, O'Keefe J, Miller M, Ornish D, Williams K, Kris-Etherton P. Trending Cardiovascular Nutrition Controversies. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 69:1172-1187. [PMID: 28254181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The potential cardiovascular benefits of several trending foods and dietary patterns are still incompletely understood, and nutritional science continues to evolve. However, in the meantime, a number of controversial dietary patterns, foods, and nutrients have received significant media exposure and are mired by hype. This review addresses some of the more popular foods and dietary patterns that are promoted for cardiovascular health to provide clinicians with accurate information for patient discussions in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Freeman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.
| | - Pamela B Morris
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Neal Barnard
- George Washington University School of Medicine; Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC
| | | | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona and Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arthur Agatston
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University and Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami, Florida
| | - Stephen Devries
- Gaples Institute for Integrative Cardiology, Deerfield, Illinois; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - James O'Keefe
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Michael Miller
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dean Ornish
- Preventive Medicine Research Institute, Sausalito, California and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kim Williams
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Penny Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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Omega-3 fatty acids and cytochrome P450-derived eicosanoids in cardiovascular diseases: Which actions and interactions modulate hemodynamics? Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 128-129:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Relationship between Added Sugars Consumption and Chronic Disease Risk Factors: Current Understanding. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8110697. [PMID: 27827899 PMCID: PMC5133084 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Added sugars are a controversial and hotly debated topic. Consumption of added sugars has been implicated in increased risk of a variety of chronic diseases including obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as well as cognitive decline and even some cancers. Support for these putative associations has been challenged, however, on a variety of fronts. The purpose of the current review is to summarize high impact evidence including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), in an attempt to provide an overview of current evidence related to added sugars and health considerations. This paper is an extension of a symposium held at the Experimental Biology 2015 conference entitled “Sweeteners and Health: Current Understandings, Controversies, Recent Research Findings and Directions for Future Research”. We conclude based on high quality evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCT), systematic reviews and meta-analyses of cohort studies that singling out added sugars as unique culprits for metabolically based diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease appears inconsistent with modern, high quality evidence and is very unlikely to yield health benefits. While it is prudent to consume added sugars in moderation, the reduction of these components of the diet without other reductions of caloric sources seems unlikely to achieve any meaningful benefit.
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Detection of goat body fat adulteration in pure ghee using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric strategy. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2016; 53:3752-3760. [PMID: 28017990 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ghee forms an important component of the diet of human beings due to its rich flavor and high nutritive value. This high priced fat is prone to adulteration with cheaper fats. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics was applied for determining the presence of goat body fat in ghee (@1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20% level in the laboratory made/spiked samples). The spectra of pure (ghee and goat body fat) and spiked samples were taken in the wavenumber range of 4000-500 cm-1. Separated clusters of pure ghee and spiked samples were obtained on applying principal component analysis at 5% level of significance in the selected wavenumber range (1786-1680, 1490-919 and 1260-1040 cm-1). SIMCA was applied for classification of samples and pure ghee showed 100% classification efficiency. The value of R2 was found to be >0.99 for calibration and validation sets using partial least square method at all the selected wavenumber range which indicate that the model was well developed. The study revealed that the spiked samples of goat body fat could be detected even at 1% level in ghee.
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Walsh MT, Hussain MM. Targeting microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and lipoprotein assembly to treat homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2016; 54:26-48. [PMID: 27690713 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2016.1221883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is a polygenic disease arising from defects in the clearance of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which results in extremely elevated plasma LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and increased risk of atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and premature death. Conventional lipid-lowering therapies, such as statins and ezetimibe, are ineffective at lowering plasma cholesterol to safe levels in these patients. Other therapeutic options, such as LDL apheresis and liver transplantation, are inconvenient, costly, and not readily available. Recently, lomitapide was approved by the Federal Drug Administration as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of HoFH. Lomitapide inhibits microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), reduces lipoprotein assembly and secretion, and lowers plasma cholesterol levels by over 50%. Here, we explain the steps involved in lipoprotein assembly, summarize the role of MTP in lipoprotein assembly, explore the clinical and molecular basis of HoFH, and review pre-clinical studies and clinical trials with lomitapide and other MTP inhibitors for the treatment of HoFH. In addition, ongoing research and new approaches underway for better treatment modalities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan T Walsh
- a School of Graduate Studies, Molecular and Cell Biology Program, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center , Brooklyn , NY , USA.,b Department of Cell Biology , State University of New York Downstate Medical Center , Brooklyn , NY , USA
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- b Department of Cell Biology , State University of New York Downstate Medical Center , Brooklyn , NY , USA.,c Department of Pediatrics , SUNY Downstate Medical Center , Brooklyn , NY , USA.,d VA New York Harbor Healthcare System , Brooklyn , NY , USA , and.,e Winthrop University Hospital , Mineola , NY , USA
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Kippler M, Larsson SC, Berglund M, Glynn A, Wolk A, Åkesson A. Associations of dietary polychlorinated biphenyls and long-chain omega-3 fatty acids with stroke risk. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 94:706-711. [PMID: 27473885 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about joint exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and long-chain omega-3 fatty acids [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)], through fish consumption, on cerebrovascular disease risk. OBJECTIVE To explore associations of dietary PCB exposure and EPA-DHA intake with risk of different stroke subtypes. METHODS This was assessed in the prospective population-based Cohort of Swedish Men including 39,948, middle-aged and elderly men, who were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline in 1997. Validated estimates of dietary PCBs and EPA-DHA were obtained via a food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS During 12years of follow-up, 2286 and 474 incident cases of ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, respectively, were ascertained through register linkage. Dietary PCB exposure and EPA-DHA intake were associated with hemorrhagic stroke but not ischemic stroke. Men in the highest quartile of dietary PCB exposure (median 412ng/day) had a multivariable- and EPA-DHA-adjusted RR of hemorrhagic stroke of 2.77 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.48-5.19] compared with men in the lowest quartile (median 128ng/day; p for trend <0.01). The corresponding RRs in men with and without hypertension were 5.45 (95% CI, 1.34-22.1) and 2.37 (95% CI 1.17-4.79), respectively. The multivariable- and PCB-adjusted RR of hemorrhagic stroke for the highest quartile of EPA-DHA intake (median 0.73g/day) versus the lowest quartile (median 0.18g/day) was 0.42 (95% CI, 0.22-0.79). CONCLUSION Dietary PCB exposure was associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke, whereas a protective association was observed for dietary EPA-DHA intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kippler
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Marika Berglund
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anders Glynn
- Department of Risk and Benefit Assessment, National Food Agency, Box 622, SE 751 26, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Agneta Åkesson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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25
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Vilchis-Gil J, Klünder-Klünder M, Duque X, Flores-Huerta S. Decreased Body Mass Index in Schoolchildren After Yearlong Information Sessions With Parents Reinforced With Web and Mobile Phone Resources: Community Trial. J Med Internet Res 2016; 18:e174. [PMID: 27342650 PMCID: PMC4963027 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.5584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The obesity pandemic has now reached children, and households should change their lifestyles to prevent it. OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess the effect of a comprehensive intervention on body mass index z-score (BMIZ) in schoolchildren. METHODS A yearlong study was conducted at 4 elementary schools in Mexico City. Intervention group (IG) and control group (CG) were split equally between governmental and private schools. Three educational in-person parents and children sessions were held at 2-month intervals to promote healthy eating habits and exercise. To reinforce the information, a website provided extensive discussion on a new topic every 2 weeks, including school snack menus and tools to calculate body mass index in children and adults. Text messages were sent to parents' mobile phones reinforcing the information provided. The IG contained 226 children and CG 181 children. We measured their weight and height and calculated BMIZ at 0, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS The CG children showed a change of +0.06 (95% CI 0.01, 0.11) and +0.05 (95% CI 0.01, 0.10) in their BMIZ at 6 and 12 months, respectively. The BMIZ of IG children decreased by -0.13 (95% CI -0.19 to -0.06) and -0.10 (95% CI -0.16 to -0.03), respectively, and the effect was greater in children with obesity. CONCLUSIONS The comprehensive intervention tested had beneficial effects, preserved the BMIZ of normal weight children, and reduced the BMIZ of children with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Vilchis-Gil
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ministry of Health (SSA), Community Health Research Department, Mexico City, Mexico
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León-Muñoz LM, García-Esquinas E, Soler-Vila H, Guallar-Castillón P, Banegas JR, Rodríguez-Artalejo F. Unhealthy eating behaviors and weight gain: A prospective study in young and middle-age adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1178-84. [PMID: 27030406 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Guidelines for obesity prevention recommend reducing certain unhealthy eating behaviors (UEB). However, the association between UEB and weight gain is uncertain. METHODS Prospective cohort with 1,638 individuals aged 18-60 years was recruited in 2008-2010. UEB assessed at baseline were: not planning how much to eat, consuming pre-cooked/canned food, buying snacks, eating in fast-food restaurants, not choosing low-calorie foods, not removing visible fat from meat or skin from chicken, and eating while watching TV or seating on a sofa. Participants were followed up through 2012 to assess weight change. RESULTS Compared to reporting 0-2 UEB, the multivariate odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for gaining ≥3 kg were 0.97 (0.74-1.28) for 3-4 UEB and 1.61 (1.09-2.39) for ≥5 UEB, P-trend = 0.07. Results were similar for gaining ≥5 kg. The three UEB with the strongest associations with weight gain were: 1) not planning the amount of food to eat, 2) eating at fast-food restaurants, and 3) eating while watching TV; compared to having none of these three behaviors, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for gaining ≥3 kg was 1.54 (0.77-3.08) for 1 UEB, 1.70 (0.85-3.37) for 2 UEB, and 2.75 (1.28-5.90) for 3 UEB, P-trend = 0.007. Similar results were obtained for gaining ≥5 kg. CONCLUSIONS Several UEB are associated with weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M León-Muñoz
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPaz, and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther García-Esquinas
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPaz, and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hosanna Soler-Vila
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPaz, and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Pilar Guallar-Castillón
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPaz, and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - José R Banegas
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPaz, and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPaz, and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Tripicchio G, Heo M, Diewald L, Noar SM, Dooley R, Pietrobelli A, Burger KS, Faith MS. Restricting Advertisements for High-Fat, High-Sugar Foods during Children's Television Programs: Attitudes in a US Population-Based Sample. Child Obes 2016; 12:113-8. [PMID: 26977541 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2015.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children in the United States (US) are frequently exposed to advertisements for high-fat, high-sugar (HFHS) foods, which is linked to greater demand for and consumption of those foods. Restricting advertisements for HFHS foods may be a viable obesity prevention strategy-however, public support for policy change is unclear. METHODS A secondary analysis of the 2012 Annenberg National Health Communication Survey was conducted. Respondents (N = 1838) were 53.2% female, mean age 50.0 ± 16.5 years. Race/ethnic composition was 76.8% white, 7.4% black, 9.2% Hispanic, and 6.6% other. The percentage of respondents supporting and opposing the regulation was calculated and logistic regression models identified predictors of support. Potential predictors included sociodemographic variables, attitudes towards other health regulations (e.g., smoking bans in public places), and various health behaviors (e.g., fruit and vegetable intake). RESULTS A total of 56.3% of respondents supported or strongly supported advertisement restrictions, while only 8.2% strongly opposed. Approximately 20% had no opinion. Greatest support was found among respondents who supported smoking bans in public settings (OR = 4.3), who supported banning trans fats in restaurants (OR = 1.7), and who were older (OR = 1.7). CONCLUSION The US adult population appears to have an appetite for restricting HFHS advertising to children, with more than half the populace supporting such a policy in 2012. This may be an opportune time to implement and rigorously evaluate such childhood obesity prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Tripicchio
- 1 Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Moonseong Heo
- 2 Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY
| | - Lisa Diewald
- 3 Center for Obesity Prevention and Education, Villanova University College of Nursing, Villanova, PA
| | - Seth M Noar
- 4 School of Media and Journalism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Rachel Dooley
- 4 School of Media and Journalism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Angelo Pietrobelli
- 5 Pediatric Unit, Verona University Medical School , Verona, Italy ; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Kyle S Burger
- 1 Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Myles S Faith
- 6 Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, University at Buffalo , Buffalo, NY
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McMorris T, Sweet G, Sullivan CJ, Washington NB, Brahm N. A design and focus group evaluation of dietary choices tools for an underserved population. Ment Health Clin 2016; 6:101-108. [PMID: 29955455 PMCID: PMC6007579 DOI: 10.9740/mhc.2016.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Our objective was to develop and evaluate dietary teaching tools for a select population diagnosed with a severe mental illness and limited financial ability. Patients with severe mental illnesses face many challenges, including common health comorbidities of diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and obesity. Cognitive deficits may limit educational programming; financial resources can affect access to a healthy diet. The Integrated Multidisciplinary Program of Assertive Community Treatment (IMPACT) program, a university-based program, provides individualized services to this population. One focus is healthy nutritional choices. Methods: In Phase One, a clinical pharmacist and a first-year pharmacy resident created visual aids. These cards were given to health care providers (HCPs) to be used with IMPACT members. HCPs were asked to participate in a focus group and provide feedback. Phase Two: Based on specific focus group feedback, additional resources were created to address identified nutritional needs. Results: Phase One: Ten cards were created and distributed to the HCPs. A focus group was conducted. HCPs reported the cards were useful in opening dietary choices dialogues and were able to give more specific information on alternative choices. Phase Two: From focus group feedback, specific cards for disease states, calorie guidelines, and budget limitations were developed. HCPs immediately utilized them. Discussion: This pilot project was used to design and create educational cards to facilitate discussions on healthy or healthier dietary choices. Feedback from the HCPs participating in the focus group was positive, and they were enthusiastic about both sets of cards, particularly those pertaining to budget choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tressa McMorris
- PGY2 Resident, Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Gary Sweet
- PharmD Candidate, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | | | - Nicole B Washington
- Assistant Professor, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Tulsa, Oklahoma. Currently: Family and Children's Services, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Nancy Brahm
- Clinical Professor, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Tulsa, Oklahoma,
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Shepard CW, Steinberger J. Premature Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Childhood Cancer Survivors. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2016; 39:59-66. [PMID: 26823646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Survival rates of childhood cancer have increased over the last 30 years, revealing a population with unique characteristics and risks. The effects of radiation and cardiotoxic chemotherapy predispose these children to both early and late cardiovascular disease. Cranial radiation also increases the likelihood of growth hormone deficiency, which leads to metabolic disturbances. Childhood cancer survivors are less likely to be active than their healthy siblings, and have a lower aptitude for physical activity. These issues are additive to the usual risks experienced by the general population, thereby significantly increasing the likelihood of premature cardiovascular disease. Early and regular screening and risk factor management in this population is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Shepard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Julia Steinberger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN
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Mennella JA, Reiter AR, Daniels LM. Vegetable and Fruit Acceptance during Infancy: Impact of Ontogeny, Genetics, and Early Experiences. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:211S-219S. [PMID: 26773029 PMCID: PMC4717875 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.008649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the chronic illnesses that plague modern society derive in large part from poor food choices. Thus, it is not surprising that the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, aimed at the population ≥2 y of age, recommends limiting consumption of salt, fat, and simple sugars, all of which have sensory properties that we humans find particularly palatable, and increasing the variety and contribution of fruits and vegetables in the diet, to promote health and prevent disease. Similar recommendations may soon be targeted at even younger Americans: the B-24 Project, led by the US Department of Health and Human Services and the USDA, is currently evaluating evidence to include infants and children from birth to 2 y of age in the dietary guidelines. This article reviews the underinvestigated behavioral phenomena surrounding how to introduce vegetables and fruits into infants' diets, for which there is much medical lore but, to our knowledge, little evidence-based research. Because the chemical senses are the major determinants of whether young children will accept a food (e.g., they eat only what they like), these senses take on even greater importance in understanding the bases for food choices in children. We focus on early life, in contrast with many other studies that attempt to modify food habits in older children and thus may miss sensitive periods that modulate long-term acceptance. Our review also takes into consideration ontogeny and sources of individual differences in taste perception, in particular, the role of genetic variation in bitter taste perception.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the most prominent cause of death and morbidity in the world, and one of the major risk factors for developing CVD is hypercholesterolemia. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a dominantly inherited disorder characterized by markedly elevated plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and premature coronary heart disease. Currently, several treatment options are available for children with FH. Lifestyle adjustments are the first step in treatment. If this is not sufficient, statins are the preferred initial pharmacological therapy and they have been proven effective and safe. However, treatment goals are often not achieved and, hence, there is a need for novel treatment options. Currently, several options are being studied in adults and first results are promising. However, studies in children are still to be awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse K Luirink
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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Abstract
Deficiencies in medical school nutrition education have been noted since the 1960s. Nutrition-related non-communicable diseases, including heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, and obesity, are now the most common, costly, and preventable health problems in the US. Training medical students to assess diet and nutritional status and advise patients about a healthy diet, exercise, body weight, smoking, and alcohol consumption are critical to reducing chronic disease risk. Barriers to improving medical school nutrition content include lack of faculty preparation, limited curricular time, and the absence of funding. Several new LCME standards provide important impetus for incorporating nutrition into existing medical school curriculum as self-directed material. Fortunately, with advances in technology, electronic learning platforms, and web-based modules, nutrition can be integrated and assessed across all four years of medical school at minimal costs to medical schools. Medical educators have access to a self-study nutrition textbook, Medical Nutrition and Disease, Nutrition in Medicine© online modules, and the NHLBI Nutrition Curriculum Guide for Training Physicians. This paper outlines how learner-directed nutrition content can be used to meet several US and Canadian LCME accreditation standards. The health of the nation depends upon future physicians’ ability to help their patients make diet and lifestyle changes.
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Caleyachetty R, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Tait CA, Schilsky S, Forrester T, Kengne AP. Prevalence of behavioural risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries: an individual participant data meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015; 3:535-44. [PMID: 25957731 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although overt manifestations of cardiovascular disease (CVD) rarely emerge before adulthood, CVD risk factors are often present in adolescents. However, the prevalence and magnitude of behavioural CVD risk factors in adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries remains unclear. We estimated the magnitude and co-occurrence of behavioural CVD risk factors in adolescents aged 12-15 years for 65 low-income and middle-income countries between 2003 and 2011. METHODS We extracted Global School-Based Student Health Surveys (GSHS) datasets from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website. Pooled prevalence estimates of current tobacco use, alcohol use, low fruit and vegetable intake, low physical activity, obesity and co-occurrence of CVD risk factors for WHO regions and overall, was calculated with random-effects meta-analysis. We explored potential sources of heterogeneity for each CVD risk factor through random-effects meta-regression analysis. FINDINGS Between 2003 and 2011, of 169 369 adolescents, 12·1% (95% CI 10·2-14·1) used tobacco, 15·7% (12·3-19·5) used alcohol, 74·3% (71·9 -76·5) had low fruit and vegetable intake, 71·4% (69·5-73·3) reported low physical activity and 7·1% (5·6-8·7) were obese. The pooled regional prevalence of exposure to three or more CVD risk factors was lowest in the southeast Asian region (3·8%, 95% CI 1·2-7·5) and highest in the western Pacific region (18·6%, 12·8-25·3). Substantial heterogeneities within and across regions were not fully explained by major study characteristics. INTERPRETATION In low-income and middle-income countries, adolescents carry a substantial burden of behavioural CVD risk factors, which tend to co-occur. Surveillance, prevention, detection, and control initiatives are a global health priority. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Caleyachetty
- Ministry of Health and Quality of Life, Port Louis, Republic of Mauritius; MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK; National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK
| | - Justin B Echouffo-Tcheugui
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Medicine, MedStar Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Sam Schilsky
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Terrence Forrester
- University of West Indies, Mona, Jamaica; The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andre P Kengne
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Rakıcıoğlu N, Aksoy B, Tamer F, Yıldız EA, Samur G, Pekcan G, Besler HT. Nutritional status and eating habits of the institutionalised elderly in Turkey: a follow-up study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2015; 29:185-95. [PMID: 26036607 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the elderly population increases in Turkey, so do the associated health and nutritional problems. The main purpose of the present study was to determine the nutritional status of elderly individuals who live in institutions. METHODS A total of 102 elderly volunteers was recruited from seven residential homes of the Ministry of Family and Social Policies in Ankara. In the consecutive years of 2007, 2008 and 2009, dietary intake was assessed using a 24-h food recall. Nutritional status was screened using a questionnaire from the Mini-Nutritional Assessment, basic characteristics were determined and anthropometric measurements were assessed. RESULTS The percentage of elderly participants who were malnourished or at risk for malnutrition increased by the completion of the follow-up (P < 0.05). It was found that energy, total protein, animal proteins, carbohydrates, niacin, vitamin C, vitamin E and zinc intake of men decreased significantly over the years studied (P < 0.05). A significant decrease occurred among women in animal protein, vitamin B1 , niacin and the percentage of energy from proteins (P < 0.05); however, an increase in energy from fat (P < 0.05) was determined. Within the years studied, the percentage of nutrients meeting the Turkish recommended daily allowances decreased from 2007 to 2009 both in men and women. During the years 2007 to 2009, the percentage of waist circumferences >102 cm for men was 46.4%, 45.6% and 48.1%, respectively, and the percentage of waist circumferences for women >88 cm was 75.6%, 75.6% and 81.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS During the follow-up, significant nutritional changes were determined. To prevent malnutrition, periodical screening of nutritional status should be a priority and a standard policy for elderly people, especially for those institutionalised.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rakıcıoğlu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Science, Ankara, Turkey
| | - B Aksoy
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Science, Ankara, Turkey
| | - F Tamer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Science, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E Akal Yıldız
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Science, Ankara, Turkey
| | - G Samur
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Science, Ankara, Turkey
| | - G Pekcan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Science, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H T Besler
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Science, Ankara, Turkey
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Wiegman A, Gidding SS, Watts GF, Chapman MJ, Ginsberg HN, Cuchel M, Ose L, Averna M, Boileau C, Borén J, Bruckert E, Catapano AL, Defesche JC, Descamps OS, Hegele RA, Hovingh GK, Humphries SE, Kovanen PT, Kuivenhoven JA, Masana L, Nordestgaard BG, Pajukanta P, Parhofer KG, Raal FJ, Ray KK, Santos RD, Stalenhoef AFH, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Stroes ES, Taskinen MR, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Wiklund O. Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents: gaining decades of life by optimizing detection and treatment. Eur Heart J 2015; 36:2425-37. [PMID: 26009596 PMCID: PMC4576143 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 551] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a common genetic cause of premature coronary heart disease (CHD). Globally, one baby is born with FH every minute. If diagnosed and treated early in childhood, individuals with FH can have normal life expectancy. This consensus paper aims to improve awareness of the need for early detection and management of FH children. Familial hypercholesterolaemia is diagnosed either on phenotypic criteria, i.e. an elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level plus a family history of elevated LDL-C, premature coronary artery disease and/or genetic diagnosis, or positive genetic testing. Childhood is the optimal period for discrimination between FH and non-FH using LDL-C screening. An LDL-C ≥5 mmol/L (190 mg/dL), or an LDL-C ≥4 mmol/L (160 mg/dL) with family history of premature CHD and/or high baseline cholesterol in one parent, make the phenotypic diagnosis. If a parent has a genetic defect, the LDL-C cut-off for the child is ≥3.5 mmol/L (130 mg/dL). We recommend cascade screening of families using a combined phenotypic and genotypic strategy. In children, testing is recommended from age 5 years, or earlier if homozygous FH is suspected. A healthy lifestyle and statin treatment (from age 8 to 10 years) are the cornerstones of management of heterozygous FH. Target LDL-C is <3.5 mmol/L (130 mg/dL) if >10 years, or ideally 50% reduction from baseline if 8–10 years, especially with very high LDL-C, elevated lipoprotein(a), a family history of premature CHD or other cardiovascular risk factors, balanced against the long-term risk of treatment side effects. Identifying FH early and optimally lowering LDL-C over the lifespan reduces cumulative LDL-C burden and offers health and socioeconomic benefits. To drive policy change for timely detection and management, we call for further studies in the young. Increased awareness, early identification, and optimal treatment from childhood are critical to adding decades of healthy life for children and adolescents with FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Wiegman
- Department of Paediatrics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Samuel S Gidding
- Nemours Cardiac Center, A. I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Gerald F Watts
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M John Chapman
- Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Henry N Ginsberg
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Marina Cuchel
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leiv Ose
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maurizio Averna
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Catherine Boileau
- Diderot Medical School, University Paris 7, Paris, France Genetics Department, Bichat University Hospital, Paris, France INSERM U698, Paris, France
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eric Bruckert
- Department of Endocrinology and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Milano, Milan, Italy Multimedica IRCSS, Milan, Italy
| | - Joep C Defesche
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert A Hegele
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steve E Humphries
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, University College London, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, London, UK
| | | | - Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luis Masana
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Rovira and Virgili, Reus-Tarragona, Spain
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, Center for Metabolic Disease Prevention, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Klaus G Parhofer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Frederick J Raal
- Carbohydrate & Lipid Metabolism Research Unit; and Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kausik K Ray
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Raul D Santos
- Lipid Clinic of the Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Department of Cardiology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anton F H Stalenhoef
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erik S Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes & Obesity, University of Helsinki and Heart & Lung Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Section for Molecular Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olov Wiklund
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Alonso-Alonso M, Woods SC, Pelchat M, Grigson PS, Stice E, Farooqi S, Khoo CS, Mattes RD, Beauchamp GK. Food reward system: current perspectives and future research needs. Nutr Rev 2015; 73:296-307. [PMID: 26011903 PMCID: PMC4477694 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews current research and cross-disciplinary perspectives on the neuroscience of food reward in animals and humans, examines the scientific hypothesis of food addiction, discusses methodological and terminology challenges, and identifies knowledge gaps and future research needs. Topics addressed herein include the role of reward and hedonic aspects in the regulation of food intake, neuroanatomy and neurobiology of the reward system in animals and humans, responsivity of the brain reward system to palatable foods and drugs, translation of craving versus addiction, and cognitive control of food reward. The content is based on a workshop held in 2013 by the North American Branch of the International Life Sciences Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Alonso-Alonso
- M. Alonso-Alonso is with the Center for the Study of Nutrition Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. S.C. Woods is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. M. Pelchat and G.K. Beauchamp are with the Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. P.S. Grigson is with the Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA. E. Stice is with the Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA. S. Farooqi is with the Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. C.S. Khoo is with the North American Branch of the International Life Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA. R.D. Mattes is with the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
| | - Stephen C Woods
- M. Alonso-Alonso is with the Center for the Study of Nutrition Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. S.C. Woods is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. M. Pelchat and G.K. Beauchamp are with the Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. P.S. Grigson is with the Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA. E. Stice is with the Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA. S. Farooqi is with the Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. C.S. Khoo is with the North American Branch of the International Life Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA. R.D. Mattes is with the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Marcia Pelchat
- M. Alonso-Alonso is with the Center for the Study of Nutrition Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. S.C. Woods is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. M. Pelchat and G.K. Beauchamp are with the Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. P.S. Grigson is with the Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA. E. Stice is with the Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA. S. Farooqi is with the Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. C.S. Khoo is with the North American Branch of the International Life Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA. R.D. Mattes is with the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Patricia Sue Grigson
- M. Alonso-Alonso is with the Center for the Study of Nutrition Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. S.C. Woods is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. M. Pelchat and G.K. Beauchamp are with the Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. P.S. Grigson is with the Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA. E. Stice is with the Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA. S. Farooqi is with the Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. C.S. Khoo is with the North American Branch of the International Life Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA. R.D. Mattes is with the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Eric Stice
- M. Alonso-Alonso is with the Center for the Study of Nutrition Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. S.C. Woods is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. M. Pelchat and G.K. Beauchamp are with the Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. P.S. Grigson is with the Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA. E. Stice is with the Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA. S. Farooqi is with the Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. C.S. Khoo is with the North American Branch of the International Life Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA. R.D. Mattes is with the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Sadaf Farooqi
- M. Alonso-Alonso is with the Center for the Study of Nutrition Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. S.C. Woods is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. M. Pelchat and G.K. Beauchamp are with the Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. P.S. Grigson is with the Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA. E. Stice is with the Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA. S. Farooqi is with the Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. C.S. Khoo is with the North American Branch of the International Life Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA. R.D. Mattes is with the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Chor San Khoo
- M. Alonso-Alonso is with the Center for the Study of Nutrition Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. S.C. Woods is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. M. Pelchat and G.K. Beauchamp are with the Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. P.S. Grigson is with the Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA. E. Stice is with the Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA. S. Farooqi is with the Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. C.S. Khoo is with the North American Branch of the International Life Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA. R.D. Mattes is with the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Richard D Mattes
- M. Alonso-Alonso is with the Center for the Study of Nutrition Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. S.C. Woods is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. M. Pelchat and G.K. Beauchamp are with the Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. P.S. Grigson is with the Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA. E. Stice is with the Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA. S. Farooqi is with the Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. C.S. Khoo is with the North American Branch of the International Life Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA. R.D. Mattes is with the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Gary K Beauchamp
- M. Alonso-Alonso is with the Center for the Study of Nutrition Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. S.C. Woods is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. M. Pelchat and G.K. Beauchamp are with the Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. P.S. Grigson is with the Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA. E. Stice is with the Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA. S. Farooqi is with the Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. C.S. Khoo is with the North American Branch of the International Life Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA. R.D. Mattes is with the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Armenian SH, Hudson MM, Mulder RL, Chen MH, Constine LS, Dwyer M, Nathan PC, Tissing WJE, Shankar S, Sieswerda E, Skinner R, Steinberger J, van Dalen EC, van der Pal H, Wallace WH, Levitt G, Kremer LCM. Recommendations for cardiomyopathy surveillance for survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group. Lancet Oncol 2015; 16:e123-36. [PMID: 25752563 PMCID: PMC4485458 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(14)70409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Survivors of childhood cancer treated with anthracycline chemotherapy or chest radiation are at an increased risk of developing congestive heart failure. In this population, congestive heart failure is well recognised as a progressive disorder, with a variable period of asymptomatic cardiomyopathy that precedes signs and symptoms. As a result, several clinical practice guidelines have been developed independently to help with detection and treatment of asymptomatic cardiomyopathy. These guidelines differ with regards to definitions of at-risk populations, surveillance modality and frequency, and recommendations for interventions. Differences between these guidelines could hinder the effective implementation of these recommendations. We report on the results of an international collaboration to harmonise existing cardiomyopathy surveillance recommendations using an evidence-based approach that relied on standardised definitions for outcomes of interest and transparent presentation of the quality of the evidence. The resultant recommendations were graded according to the quality of the evidence and the potential benefit gained from early detection and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saro H Armenian
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, USA.
| | - Melissa M Hudson
- Departments of Oncology and Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Renee L Mulder
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ming Hui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Louis S Constine
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mary Dwyer
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul C Nathan
- The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wim J E Tissing
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Pediatric Hematology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sadhna Shankar
- Division of Oncology, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elske Sieswerda
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rod Skinner
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Haematology/Oncology, Great North Children's Hospital and University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Julia Steinberger
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota Amplatz Childrens' Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Elvira C van Dalen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Helena van der Pal
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Medical Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - W Hamish Wallace
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Gill Levitt
- Department of Oncology/Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Leontien C M Kremer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Abstract
Diseases once associated with older adulthood, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, are increasingly diagnosed in children and adolescents. Interventions designed to assist adults in modifying dietary and physical activity habits have been shown to help prevent the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in adults. Given the unfortunate rise in both of these diseases in pediatric populations, it is increasingly important to begin prevention efforts in childhood or prenatally. There is strong empirical support for utilizing lifestyle interventions to prevent these diseases in adults; it is not clear whether the same holds true for pediatric populations. The present review examines lifestyle management efforts to prevent type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in children across socioecological levels. Recommendations are made for expanding the traditional focus of lifestyle interventions from dietary and physical activity behaviors to target additional risks for these diseases such as smoking and depression in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy J. Van Buren
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8134, 660 South Euclid, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Tiffany L. Tibbs
- School of Advanced Studies and College of Social Sciences, University of Phoenix, 3157 E. Elwood St., Phoenix, AZ 85034 USA
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Abstract
A new understanding of the nature and organization of fat crystalline supramolecular structure, in particular at the nanoscale, has arisen in the past three years. These new findings have helped establish that the first step in the formation of a triacylglycerol network is the creation of nanocrystalline platelets that aggregate into polycrystalline clusters in the micrometer range, ultimately forming a three-dimensional network. This review explains how fat nanostructure can be characterized and highlights recent findings on how crystallization parameters influence the formation of fat nanocrystals. For instance, shear has been shown to modify not only nanoplatelet size but also their aggregation, affecting some macroscopic properties such as porosity and, therefore, the ability of the network to effectively bind liquid oil. This new information on fat nanostructure is relevant from scientific and technological standpoints and has opened up the possibility of nanoengineering material properties as well as developing new products and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria C Acevedo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1061;
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Alharbi M, Gallagher R, Kirkness A, Sibbritt D, Tofler G. Long-term outcomes from Healthy Eating and Exercise Lifestyle Program for overweight people with heart disease and diabetes. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2014; 15:91-9. [PMID: 25344059 DOI: 10.1177/1474515114557222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefits of exercise and weight reduction for overweight or obese people with coronary heart disease and/or diabetes mellitus are well recognised. The Healthy Eating and Exercise Lifestyle Program demonstrated these outcomes at 4 months, but longer-term outcomes are not yet reported. AIM To determine whether positive weight, body mass index, waist and exercise duration outcomes were sustained in the long term (12 months) and to identify the independent predictors of these outcomes at 4 and 12 months. METHODS Longitudinal design, combining data of all Healthy Eating and Exercise Lifestyle Program participants (intervention and wait-list control, n = 134). Participants had a body mass index between 27 and 39 kg/m(2) and had completed cardiac rehabilitation and/or diabetes education programmes. Healthy Eating and Exercise Lifestyle Program intervention included an active phase of two 1-hour group-based supervised structured exercise sessions every week for 4 months and four 90-minute group information and support sessions. The maintenance phase included one 90-minute group-based booster information session and three 15-minute goal-focused telephone follow-up calls over 8 months. RESULTS Participants had statistically significant reductions from baseline in weight, body mass index and waist circumference and improvements in exercise duration and capacity at 4 and 12 months. Time, self-efficacy, depressive symptoms and male gender were independent predictors for body mass index, waist and/or exercise duration (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The Healthy Eating and Exercise Lifestyle Program was an effective programme to achieve and sustain weight loss and increase exercise participation over 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ann Kirkness
- North Shore Cardiovascular Education Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, Australia
| | | | - Geoffrey Tofler
- Northern Sydney Clinical School, Royal North Shore Hospital, Australia
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Ribeiro C, Lopes F, Gama M, Morenz M, Rodriguez N. Desempenho produtivo e perfil de ácidos graxos do leite de vacas que receberam níveis crescentes de óleo de girassol em dietas à base de capim-elefante. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-6886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Este experimento teve como objetivo principal avaliar as alterações no perfil de ácidos graxos do leite decorrentes do fornecimento de diferentes níveis de óleo de girassol (OG) para vacas leiteiras alimentadas com dietas completas à base de capim-elefante. Doze vacas da raça Holandesa receberam quatro níveis de OG na dieta (0; 1,3; 2,5 e 3,7% da MS) em delineamento quadrado latino 4 x 4. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) dos níveis de OG sobre o consumo de MS, a produção de leite ou os teores de sólidos do leite. Por outro lado, o perfil de ácidos graxos (AG) do leite foi amplamante modificado com a inclusão de OG na dieta, e observou-se redução (P<0,0001) dos teores dos AG de cadeia curta e média, elevação dos teores de ácido oleico (P<0,0001), dos isômeros de ácido linoleico conjugado, em especial do ácido rumênico (P<0,0001) e da relação entre os ácidos graxos hipo e hipercolesterolêmicos (P<0,0001). Apesar da maior ingestão diária de ácido linoleico (P<0,01) com o aumento do nível de OG na dieta, sua concentração na gordura do leite não foi alterada. Isso indica extensiva bio-hidrogenação ruminal deste AG no rúmen, o que é compatível com o aumento (P<0,0001) da concentração de ácido esteárico e dos AG C18:1 trans, especialmente do vacênico, na gordura do leite. Em geral, os resultados observados no presente estudo indicam que a inclusão de até 3,7% de OG em dietas completas de vacas leiteiras à base de capim-elefante promove melhoria da qualidade nutricional da gordura do leite, sem comprometimento do desempenho produtivo dos animais.
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42
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Abstract
Pediatric obesity treatment has traditionally focused on body mass index (BMI) and has had limited success. Recent research has suggested new ways to approach this topic that focuses more on holistic measures of health and inclusion of a larger population of children. This paper discusses new evidence in the prevention of chronic disease and treatment of obesity that has a body positive and mental health lens as well as integrating research from several areas of health, including the prevention of chronic disease. Practical medical and mental health assessments tools are suggested for clinical use. Implications for an individualized, positive treatment future are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey L Bridger
- Janeway Pediatric Research Unit, Rm 415, 4th floor, Janeway Hostel, HSC, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3 V6, Canada.
| | - Anne Wareham
- Janeway Pediatric Research Unit, Rm 416, 4th floor, Janeway Hostel, HSC, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3 V6, Canada.
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43
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Abstract
As the lifestyle medicine movement continues to gain traction and strength, it is critically important that lifestyle medicine practitioners base their recommendations on the best available evidence. This review outlines ways of accomplishing that goal. The core concepts behind lifestyle medicine reside in many different bodies of information. These include nutrition, exercise physiology, behavioral medicine, psychology, and many more. Lifestyle medicine practitioners will need to be knowledgeable in all of these areas. A good place to start is with the evidence-based recommendations put out by major national bodies. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans also provide comprehensive, evidence-based information regarding these 2 critically important modalities. This review also discusses ways that scientific information is often distorted and how conjecture may sometimes be confused with proof. The review concludes with some recommendations for how lifestyle medicine practitioners can ground their recommendations on sound scientific evidence.
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Rippe JM, Dysinger WS, Rust R, Frank A, Blair SN, Parkinson M. American College of Lifestyle Medicine Expert Panel Discussion. Am J Lifestyle Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1559827614521987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James M. Rippe
- Rippe Lifestyle Institute, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts (JMR)
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida (JMR)
- Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California (WSD)
- Nutrition Communications, Meadville, Pennsylvania (RR)
- George Washington University, Washington, DC (AF)
| | - Wayne S. Dysinger
- Rippe Lifestyle Institute, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts (JMR)
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida (JMR)
- Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California (WSD)
- Nutrition Communications, Meadville, Pennsylvania (RR)
- George Washington University, Washington, DC (AF)
| | - Rosanne Rust
- Rippe Lifestyle Institute, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts (JMR)
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida (JMR)
- Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California (WSD)
- Nutrition Communications, Meadville, Pennsylvania (RR)
- George Washington University, Washington, DC (AF)
| | - Arthur Frank
- Rippe Lifestyle Institute, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts (JMR)
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida (JMR)
- Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California (WSD)
- Nutrition Communications, Meadville, Pennsylvania (RR)
- George Washington University, Washington, DC (AF)
| | - Steven N. Blair
- Rippe Lifestyle Institute, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts (JMR)
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida (JMR)
- Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California (WSD)
- Nutrition Communications, Meadville, Pennsylvania (RR)
- George Washington University, Washington, DC (AF)
| | - Michael Parkinson
- Rippe Lifestyle Institute, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts (JMR)
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida (JMR)
- Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California (WSD)
- Nutrition Communications, Meadville, Pennsylvania (RR)
- George Washington University, Washington, DC (AF)
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45
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EPA and DHA Status of South Asian and White Canadians Living in the National Capital Region of Canada. Lipids 2014; 49:1057-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
The global epidemic of cardiovascular disease (CVD) calls for multidisciplinary and multiprofessional approaches to the management of this condition, with strategic emphasis on prevention, treatment, and control. In addition, there is increasing recognition that effective prevention and management of CVD requires a diverse workforce skilled in the social, environmental, and policy determinants of health. Nowhere are these approaches and strategies brought together and more closely aligned than in the field of preventive cardiovascular nursing. This executive summary of "Global Cardiovascular Prevention: A Call to Action for Nursing" includes key points from the 6 papers written by the Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association and published in July-August 2011 as a supplement to the Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing and the European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. This supplement addresses innovative efforts to stem the current global epidemic of CVD and emphasizes the need for effective team-based interventions for lifestyle and behavior changes across the life span. Social solutions, strategies for working with key players to develop interactive models, as well as coordinated multilevel policies, partnerships, and programs that are culturally relevant and context specific are examined. Such approaches are urgently needed to reduce death and disability from CVD in the United States and globally. Nurse leaders and other members of the healthcare team are well positioned internationally to meet these challenges.
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47
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Engineering the Functionality of Blends of Fully Hydrogenated and Non-Hydrogenated Soybean Oil by Addition of Emulsifiers. FOOD BIOPHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-014-9340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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48
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Vázquez C, Botella-Carretero JI, Corella D, Fiol M, Lage M, Lurbe E, Richart C, Fernández-Real JM, Fuentes F, Ordóñez A, de Cos AI, Salas-Salvadó J, Burguera B, Estruch R, Ros E, Pastor O, Casanueva FF. White fish reduces cardiovascular risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome: the WISH-CARE study, a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:328-335. [PMID: 24462043 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Reduction of cardiovascular risk with high consumption of fish in diet is still a matter of debate, and concerns about heavy metal contamination have limited consumption of oily fish. We aimed to evaluate the effect of regular ingestion of white fish on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS Multicenter randomized crossover clinical trial including 273 individuals with metabolic syndrome. An 8-week only-one dietary intervention: 100 g/d of white fish (Namibia hake) with advice on a healthy diet, compared with no fish or seafood with advice on a healthy diet. Outcomes were lipid profile, individual components of the metabolic syndrome, serum insulin concentrations, homeostasis model of insulin resistance, serum C-reactive protein and serum fatty acid levels. We found a significant lowering effect of the intervention with white fish on waist circumference (P < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.014). A significant lowering effect was also shown after the dietary intervention with fish on serum LDL concentrations (P = 0.048), whereas no significant effects were found on serum HDL or triglyceride concentrations. A significant rise (P < 0.001) in serum EPA and DHA fatty acids was observed following white fish consumption. Overall adherence to the intervention was good and no adverse events were found. CONCLUSION In individuals with metabolic syndrome, regular consumption of hake reduces LDL cholesterol concentrations, waist circumference and blood pressure components of the metabolic syndrome. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY White Fish for Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome Study, Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01758601.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vázquez
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain.
| | - J I Botella-Carretero
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - D Corella
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - M Fiol
- Department of Surgical Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud de la Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - M Lage
- Division of Endocrinology, Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - E Lurbe
- Hospital General de Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - C Richart
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Universitario "Juan XXIII", Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - J M Fernández-Real
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - F Fuentes
- Unidad de Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, IMIBIC/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - A Ordóñez
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Social de la Marina, Servicio Sanitario de Asistencia Remota de Ibermutuamur, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - A I de Cos
- Department of Obesity, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - J Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - B Burguera
- Division of Endocrinology, Hospital Son Dureta, Universitat Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - R Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - E Ros
- Unit of Lipids, IDIBAPS Hipertensión, Lípidos y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universidad de Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - O Pastor
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - F F Casanueva
- Division of Endocrinology, Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
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49
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Integrated guidance on the care of familial hypercholesterolemia from the International FH Foundation. J Clin Lipidol 2014; 8:148-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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50
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Gittelsohn J, Laska MN, Karpyn A, Klingler K, Ayala GX. Lessons learned from small store programs to increase healthy food access. Am J Health Behav 2014; 38:307-15. [PMID: 24629559 PMCID: PMC3960288 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.38.2.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To document implementation challenges and opportunities associated with small store interventions. METHODS Case study analysis of small store interventions conducted in 4 regions of the US. We systematically generated matrices to compare and contrast lessons learned to advance implementation science. RESULTS Seven thematic areas were identified including: establishing relationships with stores, store owner and customer relationships, selection of intervention approaches, stocking healthier foods, evaluation, maintenance of changes, and dissemination. CONCLUSIONS This information provides guidance to researchers and practitioners wishing to design, implement, and evaluate small store interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Gittelsohn
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Melissa N Laska
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Allison Karpyn
- Research and Evaluation, The Food Trust, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Kristen Klingler
- Division of Policy and Community Programs, Minneapolis Health Department, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Guadalupe X Ayala
- San Diego State University, Graduate School of Public Health, and the Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego, CA, USA
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